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Software Engineering

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7 views

Software Engineering

Uploaded by

Minakshi Sharma
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Software Engineering

Prototype Model:

The Prototype Model is a software development approach that involves creating an initial version of the
software system quickly and incrementally refining it through multiple iterations based on user feedback
and changing requirements. Following are the steps to create a prototype Model

(i) Gather Requirements: The development team gathers initial requirements from stakeholders. These
requirements are used to define the scope and functionality of the prototype.

(ii) Build Prototype: A basic version of the software, known as the prototype, is developed based on the
initial requirements. The focus is on implementing core features and functionality rather than creating a
polished product.

(iii) Review and Feedback: The prototype is shared with stakeholders, including end-users, for feedback
and evaluation. Users interact with the prototype and provide input on its usability, functionality, and any
changes or additional features they would like to see.

(iv) Iterative Refinement: Based on the feedback received, the development team makes iterative
improvements to the prototype. This may involve adding new features, refining existing ones, or making
changes to the user interface.

(v) Repeat Iterations: The process of gathering feedback, refining the prototype, and gathering feedback
again is repeated through multiple iterations. Each iteration builds upon the previous one, with the
software evolving gradually based on user input.

(vi) Transition to Final Product: Once the prototype meets the desired level of functionality and
usability, it can be transitioned into the final product. The knowledge gained from the iterative
prototyping process helps ensure that the final product aligns closely with user needs and expectations.

Key advantages of the Prototype Model include:

(i) Early Feedback: Users can provide feedback early in the development process
(ii) Flexibility: The iterative nature of the model accommodates changes in requirements and
priorities over time.
(iii) User Involvement: Users are actively involved throughout the development process, leading
to a product that better meets their needs.

Key disadvantage of Prototype model:


There are also challenges associated with this model, such as potential for scope creep if requirements are
not managed effectively. Moreover, it does consider any types of risks at the initial level.
Suitability:
The Evolutionary Prototype Model is well-suited for projects where requirements are not fully understood
upfront and where user involvement is critical to the success of the software.

Spiral Model
The Spiral Model is a risk-driven software development process model that combines
elements of both iterative development and prototyping models. It was proposed by Barry Boehm in
1986 and is particularly well-suited for projects with high levels of uncertainty and complexity.
Following are the steps in spiral Model
(i) Planning: The development process begins with planning, where objectives, constraints, and
alternatives are identified. This includes defining project goals, determining feasibility, and identifying
potential risks.

(ii) Risk Analysis: In this phase, risks are assessed and analyzed. This involves identifying potential
sources of risk, evaluating their potential impact on the project, and developing strategies to mitigate or
manage them.

(iii) Prototyping: Depending on the project requirements, a prototype may be developed to explore and
validate critical aspects of the system. Prototyping helps to reduce uncertainty and gather feedback early
in the development process.

(iv) Development and Testing: The software is developed incrementally in a series of iterations, with
each iteration focusing on implementing a subset of features. As each iteration progresses, the software is
tested to ensure that it meets quality standards and fulfills user requirements.

(v) Evaluation and Feedback: At the end of each iteration, the project is evaluated, and feedback is
gathered from stakeholders. This feedback is used to refine project objectives, adjust risk management
strategies, and make changes to the software as needed.

(vi) Iteration: The process repeats in a spiral fashion, with each iteration building upon the insights
gained from previous iterations. The project progresses through multiple cycles of planning, risk analysis,
prototyping, development, testing, and evaluation until the software is complete.

Key Characteristics of Spiral Model


Risk Management: The Spiral Model places a strong emphasis on identifying and managing project
risks throughout the development process.
Flexibility: The iterative nature of the model allows for flexibility and adaptability in response to
changing requirements and priorities.
Early Prototyping: Prototyping is often used in the early stages of the Spiral Model to explore and
validate critical aspects of the system.
Suitability:

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