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Science 2

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8 views

Science 2

Uploaded by

Rhamel Cacabilos
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Science

Puberty – Physical change of male and female

Male
 Testes of male enlarge and become active
 Change in height and weight
 Enlargement of Larynx
 Noticeable pelvic bone and skull
 Abundant Underarms and pubic hairs
 Facial hair and abdomen hair
 Skin gland become active
Female
 Deposition of body fats on the hips and thighs
 Develop breast
 Armpit hair grow
 Pubic hair become abundant
 Uterus begins periodic activity with MENTRUATION.

Menstruation – process of discharging blood from the uterus to the vagina once a month.

Menstrual Cycle – monthly hormonal cycle that occurs within the female’s body as it prepares for possibility of
pregnancy. It last for 28 days.

Phase of Menstrual Cycle – start on the first day when blood comes out of woman’s sex organ.

 Menstrual Phase (1 – 5 days)


o First phase of menstrual cycle.
o When egg from the previous cycle does not fertilize
o Lining and the egg exit the vagina in the form of blood
o 10 to 80 ml blood loss
o Abdominal cramps, tender in the breast and mood change
 Follicular Phase (1 – 13 days)
o Start on the first until 13 days of the cycle
o It will end when the female ovulates
o Pituitary gland release follicle-stimulating hormones (FSH)
o Follicles – sac-like structure in the ovary
o When follicles mature, the body release extra estrogen
 Ovulation Phase (14 days)
o Start when rising estrogen level signal
o Release luteinizing hormones (LH), which stimulate ovulation
o Ovulation – process of the ovary releasing a mature egg
o
 Luteal Phase or Pre-menstruation (15 – 28 days)
o Follicles gradually changes into a corpus letuem, which release progesterone
o When the estrogen and progesterone levels drop after the corpus luteum dissolves into the
body, the menstrual phase begin again.
o During this phase, female may experience symptoms of premenstrual syndrome (PMS)

Parts and Function of the Human Reproductive System


 Male Reproductive System – group of organs that make up a man’s reproductive and urinary system.
 Functions:
o Produce and secrete male sex
hormones
o Produce, maintain, and transport
sperm and semen;
o Discharge sperm into the female
reproductive tract.
Parts and Function of the Male Reproductive System
 Penis – used for urine and copulation (sexual
intercourse)
o Root or radix penis -attached to the wall
of the abdomen.
o Body or Shaft – free and suspended
part of the penis
o Glans penis- contain several sensitive nerve endings and which called HEAD OF THE PENIS.
 Head penis – cone-shaped or mushroom shape part
 Foreskin – loose layer of skin in the head of the penis
 Circumcision – procedure of removing foreskin
 Opening of the Urethra – located at the tip of the glans penis.
 Scrotum – external pouch-like structure that hangs behind the penis and hold the testis. Protect the
testis and acts as climate control system.
 Testis or testicle – and oval-shaped organ protected by the scrotum that produce millions of sperm cell.
o Testosterone – male Hormone

Accessory Gland – internal part of the male reproductive system


 Urethra – tube that extend from the bladder to the end of the penis. It carries both sperm and urine.
 Epididymis – long, coiled tube. It collects the sperm from the testis and store them until they mature.
 Vas Deferens – long muscular tube that transport the sperm from epididymis to urethra.
 Prostate Gland – walnut-sized structure. It produces fluid that support and nourish the sperm.
 Seminal vesicle – sac-like gland, produce fluid that nourishes the sperm
o Fructose – sugar that provides sperm with energy; phosphorous and potassium, help the sperm
move.
o Alkaline Fluid – Help the male urethra and female vagina to neutralize their acidic nature;
protein
 Semenogelin – gel-like protective layer around the sperm
 Prostaglandins – hormones that lower the female immune response to semen

 Female Reproductive System – group of female organs that can conceive, nurture, and deliver a baby.
 Function:
o Produce the female sex hormone that maintain the reproductive cycle
o Produce the female egg cells called OVA, necessary for reproduction
o Provide shelter in the uterus for the fertilized ovum or zygote.
Parts and Function of Female Reproductive System
External Parts
 Vulva – means covering
o Labia – Lip-like structure
 Labia Majora – large lips that enclose and protect
 Labia Minora – Small lips with thin and hairless
skin folds
o Clitoris – small sensory organ covered by skin
 Prepuce – skin covering the clitoris
Internal Parts
 Ovaries – main part of female reproductive system. Small, oval-
shape glands located on both sides of the uterus
 Fallopian tube or uterine tubes – long narrow tubes that carry
the egg from the ovary to the uterus
o Fimbriae – Finger-like projection at the end near the ovary
o Cilia – hair-like structure
 Uterus – Hallow, muscular pear-shaped organ found in the female pelvis
o Cervix – lower part which protrudes into the vagina
o Corpus – main body of the uterus
 Perimetrium – outer layer of tissue
 Myometrium – middle layer made of smooth muscle tissue
 Endometrium – inner layer where fertilized egg burrows and implant
 Vagina – canal connect the cervix to the vulva. Passage way for menstrual flow and receive male
reproductive cells. Also called BIRTH CANAL.

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