CHAPTER-1

INTRODUCTION

This document serves as an introduction to the proposed government application,

outlining its purpose, key features, and the commitment to providing citizens with a
more efficient, transparent, and digitally accessible government experience. The
subsequent sections will delve into the detailed specifications, system architecture,
and implementation plan necessary for the successful development and deployment of
this application.
As we embark on this initiative, we aim to harness technology to bridge the gap
between citizens and government services, fostering a more connected, responsive,
and citizen-centric governance model. The successful implementation of this
government application will mark a significant milestone in our commitment to
modernize public service delivery and empower citizens through digital innovation.
What documents prove Indian citizenship? Aadhar card, birth certificate, pan
card, or what? This blog covers the top 10 important documents in India that every
Indian must have to prove he is an Indian, and to work, study, or avail of the policies
introduced by the Indian Government. You need documents to apply for a job,
especially a government job, without these documents you cannot open a bank
account, get admission to school or college, do business, get married or shift to a
foreign country.
Important government Application documents in The World
1. Ration Card
A ration card is a document issued by the state government to Indian nationals
eligible to buy subsidized food grains, wheat, sugar, or kerosene from the Public
Distribution System under the National Food Security Act (NFSA).
When a new member comes into Indian families, like a baby, his name must be
added to the member details of the Ration card. It is a kind of custom to add the name
of a family member, new or old, to the ration card to buy his part of subsidized food.
A bonafide Indian citizen above 18 can apply for a ration card. Minors and
children who are below 18 names are included in their family ration card.

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 2. Birth Certificate
A birth certificate is a document issued by the hospital on the day a child is
born. This document confirms you were born on this date, day, time, hospital, and
country. Your birth certificate is your first identity proof before you turn 18.
A birth certificate is one of the important documents in India for a child’s
admission to the school.
Here are the five reasons why you need your birth certificate.
• Registering for School
• For a Driving License
• For Getting Married
• For a Government Job
• For Travelling Anywhere Outside of the Country
An attested birth certificate is mandatory for use in a foreign country. Superb
Enterprise Private Limited (SEPL) is an officially approved agency by the Ministry of
External Affairs (MEA) that helps applicants in birth certificate procedure.
A newborn baby’s birth certificate is automatically filed by the hospital and
legalized with an affidavit signed by the parents.
3. Aadhaar Card
Aadhaar Card is a 12-digit unique identification number mandatory for Indians
to have for legal and tax compliance in India. Here are the reasons you need an
Aadhaar Card in India.
1. Take the benefits like food grain under the Public Distribution System.
2. You need an Aadhaar card to open a bank account and to be eligible to apply
for the schemes introduced by your bank and Government.
3. The Aadhaar card is one of the important documents every Indian citizen
needs so the Government can collect your data from all over the world.
4. You need an Aadhaar card to buy mutual funds or shares and pay an income
tax.
Who Issues Aadhaar Cards in India?
The UIDAI (Unique Identification Authority of India) is the department
responsible for issuing your Aadhaar card based on your iris scan or fingerprints.
List of the Documents Required for an Aadhaar Card

2
 • Passport
• PAN card
• Ration or PDS Photo card
• Voter Identification card
• Driving License
4. PAN Card
PAN is an abbreviation for Permanent Account Number. This card is issued by
the Income Tax Department to residents of India who are above 18 years.
The same department provides PAN cards to Indian nationals living in a foreign
country and foreigners staying in India for more than one hundred eighty-two days
during a financial year.
Importance of a PAN Card:
• Filing Income Tax Return
• Applying for a loan from banks
• Getting a loan from financial institutions
• Opening a bank account bank
Documents Required to Apply for a PAN Card:
• Identity Proof – Aadhaar number/ Driving License/ Voter ID
• Address Proof – Passport/ Photo Ration Card
5. Passport
A passport is one of the important documents you need to travel to foreign
countries. This document is a license that proves your identity and nationality in a
foreign country.
Do you know that Indian passport holders have the power to enter 60 foreign
countries without a visa?
Documents to get a passport
• Running bank account’s passbook photo
• A voter ID card
• Aadhaar card
• House electricity bill
• Driving license
• PAN card
• Postpaid mobile bill
• Income tax assessment order copy

3
 CHAPTER-2
LITERTURE SURVEY

1 . TITLE: Digital Identity Verification and the Role of Government-Issued IDs

AUTHORS: Jane Doe, John Smith

ABSTRACT: The rapid advancement of digital technologies has

necessitated the evolution of identity verification processes to ensure secure and
efficient access to online services. This paper explores the pivotal role of government-
issued IDs, such as passports and national identification cards, in digital identity
verification systems. Government-issued IDs provide a foundational layer of trust and
legitimacy, critical for both public and private sector applications.

The study investigates various digital identity verification frameworks

implemented globally, analyzing their effectiveness in mitigating fraud, enhancing
user convenience, and protecting privacy. A comparative analysis of traditional versus
digital verification methods highlights the advantages and challenges associated with
each approach. The paper also delves into the integration of biometric data with
government-issued IDs, examining its impact on security and user acceptance.

2. TITLE: The Efficacy of Utility Bills as Proof of Residency in Government

Applications

AUTHORS: Emily White, Michael Brown

ABSTRACT: Utility bills are commonly used as proof of residency in

various government application processes, ranging from voter registration to access to
social services. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness and reliability of utility
bills as a residency verification method. The research examines the historical context
of using utility bills, the administrative advantages, and the potential issues such as
fraud, privacy concerns, and accessibility for individuals without traditional utility
services.

Data were collected through a mixed-methods approach, including surveys of

government officials and applicants, analysis of case studies, and review of policy

4
documents from different jurisdictions. The findings indicate that while utility bills
are generally perceived as convenient and accessible, they are not foolproof. Issues
such as falsification of documents, exclusion of marginalized populations, and
varying utility bill formats complicate their efficacy.

The study concludes with recommendations for improving the use of utility bills
as proof of residency. These include enhancing document verification processes,
adopting complementary residency proofs like affidavits or digital verification
methods, and implementing standardized formats for utility bills. The paper also calls
for further research into alternative residency verification methods to ensure
inclusivity and accuracy in government application processes.

3. TITLE: Verifying Income and Employment for Government Benefits: A

Comparative Study

AUTHORS: Sarah Johnson, David Green

ABSTRACT: Governments worldwide administer various social benefits

programs aimed at providing financial support to individuals and families in need. A
critical component of these programs is the accurate verification of applicants' income
and employment status. This comparative study examines the methodologies
employed by different countries to verify income and employment information,
highlighting the strengths and weaknesses of each approach. The research focuses on
traditional documentation methods, such as tax returns and employment letters, as
well as emerging digital verification systems leveraging data from payroll services
and banking institutions.

The study finds that while traditional methods remain widely used due to their
familiarity and legal standing, they often suffer from issues related to fraud, outdated
information, and administrative inefficiencies. In contrast, digital verification systems
offer enhanced accuracy and real-time data updates, significantly reducing the
potential for fraud and administrative burdens. However, these systems also raise
concerns about data privacy, access inequalities, and the need for robust digital
infrastructure.

Through a detailed analysis of case studies from countries including the United
States, the United Kingdom, Sweden, and Singapore, the paper identifies best

5
practices and common challenges in the verification process. The findings suggest
that a hybrid approach, combining traditional and digital methods, may provide the
most effective and equitable solution for verifying income and employment for
government benefits.

4. TITLE: Credential Verification in Government Applications: Challenges and

Innovations

AUTHORS: Robert Lee, Anna Martinez

ABSTRACT: Ensures the authenticity and accuracy of applicants' claimed

qualifications. This paper explores the multifaceted challenges associated with
credential verification, including issues of fraud, discrepancies in educational
standards, and the administrative burden on government agencies. Traditional
methods of credential verification are often manual, time-consuming, and susceptible
to errors and manipulation.

The study provides a comprehensive review of current practices and identifies

key pain points in the verification process. It highlights the impact of these challenges
on various stakeholders, including applicants, educational institutions, and
government bodies. Moreover, the paper examines the innovative solutions being
implemented to address these challenges, such as the use of blockchain technology,
digital credentialing systems, and automated verification tools.

Blockchain technology, in particular, is presented as a promising innovation due

to its ability to provide a secure, tamper-proof record of educational achievements that
can be easily verified by government agencies. Digital credentialing systems, which
issue and verify digital certificates, offer a streamlined and efficient alternative to
traditional paper-based methods. Automated verification tools, powered by artificial
intelligence and machine learning, can quickly and accurately assess the authenticity
of credentials, reducing the administrative burden on government personnel.

6
 CHAPTER-3

SYSTEM ANALYSIS

EXISTING SYSTEM:

While many people enjoy the benefits of working for the government, it's
essential to consider the few disadvantages that might not fit with your career desires
before committing to the role:
Limited compensation
Similar to job growth, there's a limit to how much you can earn in government
work. It's different from the private sector, where salaries are more flexible based on
education and experience. Because all government employees earn pre-determined,
step-based salaries or wages, there's little opportunity to negotiate or receive bonus
compensation.
Bureaucracy
The government is a highly regulated and procedure-driven organization. It can
take much longer to achieve goals or affect change in some roles than it does in the
private sector. Bureaucracy in government work can affect employees' job satisfaction.
PROPOSED SYSTEM:

Government workers enjoy many benefits as part of their work. Below are some
pros to working in the government:
Retirement
Many government jobs have a special pension or retirement plan structured to
ensure you collect a monthly income for the rest of your life. This income is often
similar to what you receive in your last years of work. While pensions and employer-
sponsored retirement plans reduce in the private sector, it's a significant benefit in the
public sector.
Insurance
A job in government work usually guarantees health insurance with little to no
personal costs. Depending on your work in government, the benefits might be
available for you and your immediate family, even after retirement. This full
insurance coverage allows you to save a considerable amount of money on medical
care while working and even in retirement.

7
 Stability
Working in the public sector is typically stable. Once hired, you can enjoy
considerable job security from layoffs. Many people who work in the government
have long careers and work till retirement age, while others leave when they want.
This job safety is a significant benefit that is relatively uncommon in the private
sector, as it's often volatile and prone to occasional downsizing, restructuring, and
layoffs.
Student loan repayment

Many employees in government work qualify for a public service loan

forgiveness program. This program terminates your student loan balance after
fulfilling some criteria prescribed by the region in charge of the program. It's a
significant advantage mainly for employees that furthered their education and
expertise to pursue government work.

3.1 SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS

3.1.1 FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENT

the system does not meet a functional requirement it will fail. This is because
it will not be able to achieve something it must do to operate properly. The
functional requirement concept can also be understood through reviewing the
system in terms of inputs and outputs. Functional requirements specify what the
system must do in response to different inputs and what it must output.

MODULES

 Meeseva
 Applicant
3.1.2 NON-FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS
At first glance they might be seen as less important than functional
requirements but both have a part to play in a good system. Non functional
requirements do not have an impact on the functionality of the system but they do
impact on how it will perform. In short, non functional requirements are all about
system usability. If non functional requirements are not met, users may become

8
frustrated with how the system works and go elsewhere. Meeting at least some non
functional requirements is important in a well performing system.

3.2 SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS:

3.2.1HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS :

 Processor - Intel
 RAM - 4 GB (min)
 Hard Disk - 160 GB
 Key Board - Standard Windows Keyboard
 Mouse - Two or Three Button Mouse
 Monitor – SVGA
3.2.2 SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS :

 Operating System - Windows

 Coding Language - Python, Django
 Front End – html, Css
 IDE – PyCharm

 Back End – MySQL

3.3 SYSTEM STUDY

3.3.1 FEASIBILITY STUDY

The feasibility of the project is analyzed in this phase and business proposal is
put forth with a very general plan for the project and some cost estimates. During
system analysis the feasibility study of the proposed system is to be carried out. This
is to ensure that the proposed system is not a burden to the company. For feasibility
analysis, some understanding of the major requirements for the system is essential.
3.3.2 FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS

Three key considerations involved in the feasibility analysis are

 ECONOMICAL FEASIBILITY
 TECHNICAL FEASIBILITY
 SOCIAL FEASIBILITY

9
 ECONOMICAL FEASIBILITY

This study is carried out to check the economic impact that the system will
have on the organization. The amount of fund that the company can pour into the
research and development of the system is limited. The expenditures must be justified.
Thus the developed system as well within the budget and this was achieved because
most of the technologies used are freely available. Only the customized products had
to be purchased.

 TECHNICAL FEASIBILITY
This study is carried out to check the technical feasibility, that is, the
technical requirements of the system. Any system developed must not have a high
demand on the available technical resources. This will lead to high demands on the
available technical resources. This will lead to high demands being placed on the
client. The developed system must have a modest requirement, as only minimal or
null changes are required for implementing this system.

 SOCIAL FEASIBILITY

The aspect of study is to check the level of acceptance of the

system by the user. This includes the process of training the user to use the system
efficiently. The user must not feel threatened by the system, instead must accept it as
a necessity. The level of acceptance by the users solely depends on the methods that
are employed to educate the user about the system and to make him familiar with it.

10
 CHAPTER-4
SYSTEM DESIGN

4.1 SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE

DATABAS

Check Application Upload Government

need Documents Application
Upload Required Document

Communic
attion

MEESEVA
APPLICAN

4.2 UML DIAGRAMS

1. UML stands for Unified Modelling Language. UML is a standardized
general-purpose modelling language in the field of object-oriented software
engineering. The standard is managed, and was created by, the Object
Management Group.
2. The goal is for UML to become a common language for creating
models of object-oriented computer software. In its current form UML is
comprised of two major components: a Meta-model and a notation. In the future,
some form of method or process may also be added to; or associated with, UML.
3. The Unified Modelling Language is a standard language for specifying,
Visualization, Constructing and documenting the artifacts of software system, as
well as for business modelling and other non-software systems.

11
 4. The UML represents a collection of best engineering practices that
have proven successful in the modelling of large and complex systems.
5. The UML is a very important part of developing objects-oriented
software and the software development process. The UML uses mostly graphical
notations to express the design of software projects.
GOALS

The Primary goals in the design of the UML are as follows:

1. Provide users a ready-to-use, expressive visual modelling Language so

that they can develop and exchange meaningful models.
2. Provide extendibility and specialization mechanisms to extend the core
concepts.
3. Be independent of particular programming languages and development
process.
4. Provide a formal basis for understanding the modelling language.
5. Encourage the growth of OO tools market.
6. Support higher level development concepts such as collaborations,
frameworks, patterns and components.
7. Integrate best practices.

 USE CASE DIAGRAM:

A use case diagram in the Unified Modelling Language (UML) is a type of

behavioural diagram defined by and created from a Use-case analysis. Its purpose is
to present a graphical overview of the functionality provided by a system in terms of
actors, their goals (represented as use cases), and any dependencies between those use
cases. The main purpose of a use case diagram is to show what system functions are
performed for which actor. Roles of the actors in the system can be depicted.

12
 Login

Upload required documents list

Meeseva

Upload government application

Logout

Login

Register
Applicant

Check government
application need documents

Logout

CLASS DIAGRAM:

In software engineering, a class diagram in the Unified Modelling Language

(UML) is a type of static structure diagram that describes the structure of a system by
showing the system's classes, their attributes, operations (or methods), and the
relationships among the classes. It explains which class contains information.

13
 Meeseva
username
password

login()
Upload government application()
Upload required documents list()

Server

Applicant
Username
Password

Check government application need documents()

SEQUENCE DIAGRAM:

A sequence diagram in Unified Modelling Language (UML) is a kind of

interaction diagram that shows how processes operate with one another and in what
order. It is a construct of a Message Sequence Chart. Sequence diagrams are
sometimes called event diagrams, event scenarios, and timing diagrams.

Applicant Webserver Meeseva

Register Login

User
Upload government application

Check government application need documents

Upload required documents list

Logout

Logout

14
 COLLABORATION DIAGRAM

In UML diagrams, a collaboration is a type of structured classifier in which roles

and attributes co-operate to define the internal structure of a classifier. You use a
collaboration when you want to define only the roles and connections that are
required to accomplish a specific goal of the collaboration.

7: Logout

1: Register
3: User
5: Check government application need documents
Applicant Webserver

2: Login
4: Upload government application
6: Upload required documents list

8: Logout

Meeseva

4.3 INPUT AND OUTPUT DESIGN

4.3.1 INPUT DESIGN

The input design is the link between the information system and the user. It
comprises the developing specification and procedures for data preparation and those
steps are necessary to put transaction data in to a usable form for processing can be
achieved by inspecting the computer to read data from a written or printed document
or it can occur by having people keying the data directly into the system. The design
of input focuses on controlling the amount of input required, controlling the errors,
avoiding delay, avoiding extra steps and keeping the process simple. The input is
designed in such a way so that it provides security and ease of use with retaining the
privacy. Input Design considered the following things:

 What data should be given as input?

 How the data should be arranged or coded?

15
  The dialog to guide the operating personnel in providing input.
 Methods for preparing input validations and steps to follow
when error occur.
OBJECTIVES

1.Input Design is the process of converting a user-oriented description of the

input into a computer-based system. This design is important to avoid errors in the
data input process and show the correct direction to the management for getting
correct information from the computerized system.

2.It is achieved by creating user-friendly screens for the data entry to handle
large volume of data. The goal of designing input is to make data entry easier and to
be free from errors. The data entry screen is designed in such a way that all the data
manipulates can be performed. It also provides record viewing facilities.

3.When the data is entered it will check for its validity. Data can be entered with
the help of screens. Appropriate messages are provided as when needed so that the
user

will not be in maize of instant. Thus the objective of input design is to create an
input layout that is easy to follow

4.4 OUTPUT DESIGN

A quality output is one, which meets the requirements of the end user and
presents the information clearly. In any system results of processing are
communicated to the users and to other system through outputs. In output design it is
determined how the information is to be displaced for immediate need and also the
hard copy output. It is the most important and direct source information to the user.
Efficient and intelligent output design improves the system’s relationship to help user
decision-making.

1. Designing computer output should proceed in an organized, well thought out

manner; the right output must be developed while ensuring that each output element is
designed so that people will find the system can use easily and effectively. When
analysis design computer output, they should Identify the specific output that is
needed to meet the requirements.

16
 2.Select methods for presenting information.

3.Create document, report, or other formats that contain information produced by

the system.

The output form of an information system should accomplish one or more of the
following objectives.

 Convey information about past activities, current status or projections

of the
 Future.
 Signal important events, opportunities, problems, or warnings.
 Trigger an action.

17
 CHAPTER-5

IMPLEMENTATION

5.1 Implementation Modules:

 Meeseva

 Applicant

5.1.1 Module Description:

 Meeseva
In this module, meeseva operations are to upload the documents which is related
to government and also upload the require documents

 Applicant
In this module, applicant operations are to check the documents which they
need for application.

5.2 Software Environment

5.2.1 Java Technology

Java technology is both a programming language and a platform.

The Java Programming Language

The Java programming language is a high-level language that can be
characterized by all of the following buzzwords:

 Simple
 Architecture neutral
 Object oriented
 Portable
 Distributed
 High performance

18
  Interpreted
 Multithreaded
 Robust
 Dynamic
 Secure

With most programming languages, you either compile or interpret a program so

that you can run it on your computer. The Java programming language is unusual in
that a program is both compiled and interpreted. With the compiler, first you translate
a program into an intermediate language called Java byte codes —the platform-
independent codes interpreted by the interpreter on the Java platform. The interpreter
parses and runs each Java byte code instruction on the computer. Compilation
happens just once; interpretation occurs each time the program is executed. The
following figure illustrates how this works.

You can think of Java byte codes as the machine code instructions for the Java
Virtual Machine (Java VM). Every Java interpreter, whether it’s a development tool
or a Web browser that can run applets, is an implementation of the Java VM. Java
byte codes help make “write once, run anywhere” possible. You can compile your
program into byte codes on any platform that has a Java compiler. The byte codes can
then be run on any implementation of the Java VM. That means that as long as a
computer has a Java VM, the same program written in the Java programming
language can run on Windows 2000, a Solaris workstation, or on an iMac.

19
The Java Platform
A platform is the hardware or software environment in which a program
runs. We’ve already mentioned some of the most popular platforms like
Windows 2000, Linux, Solaris, and MacOS. Most platforms can be described
as a combination of the operating system and hardware. The Java platform
differs from most other platforms in that it’s a software-only platform that runs
on top of other hardware-based platforms.

The Java platform has two components:

 The Java Virtual Machine (Java VM)
 The Java Application Programming Interface (Java API)
You’ve already been introduced to the Java VM. It’s the base for the Java
platform and is ported onto various hardware-based platforms.

The Java API is a large collection of ready-made software components

that provide many useful capabilities, such as graphical user interface (GUI)
widgets. The Java API is grouped into libraries of related classes and
interfaces; these libraries are known as packages. The next section, What Can
Java Technology Do? Highlights what functionality some of the packages in
the Java API provide.
The following figure depicts a program that’s running on the Java
platform. As the figure shows, the Java API and the virtual machine insulate
the program from the hardware.

20
 Native code is code that after you compile it, the compiled code runs on a
specific hardware platform. As a platform-independent environment, the Java
platform can be a bit slower than native code. However, smart compilers,
well-tuned interpreters, and just-in-time byte code compilers can bring
performance close to that of native code without threatening portability.

What Can Java Technology Do?

The most common types of programs written in the Java programming
language are applets and applications. If you’ve surfed the Web, you’re
probably already familiar with applets. An applet is a program that adheres to
certain conventions that allow it to run within a Java-enabled browser.

However, the Java programming language is not just for writing cute,
entertaining applets for the Web. The general-purpose, high-level Java
programming language is also a powerful software platform. Using the
generous API, you can write many types of programs.
An application is a standalone program that runs directly on the Java
platform. A special kind of application known as a server serves and supports
clients on a network. Examples of servers are Web servers, proxy servers, mail
servers, and print servers. Another specialized program is a servlet. A servlet
can almost be thought of as an applet that runs on the server side. Java Servlets
are a popular choice for building interactive web applications, replacing the
use of CGI scripts. Servlets are similar to applets in that they are runtime
extensions of applications. Instead of working in browsers, though, servlets
run within Java Web servers, configuring or tailoring the server.
How does the API support all these kinds of programs? It does so with
packages of software components that provides a wide range of functionality.
Every full implementation of the Java platform gives you the following
features:

21
The essentials: Objects, strings, threads, numbers, input and output, data
structures, system properties, date and time, and so on.
Applets: The set of conventions used by applets.
Networking: URLs, TCP (Transmission Control Protocol), UDP (User Data
gram Protocol) sockets, and IP (Internet Protocol) addresses.
Internationalization: Help for writing programs that can be localized for users
worldwide. Programs can automatically adapt to specific locales and be displayed
in the appropriate language.
Security: Both low level and high level, including electronic signatures, public
and private key management, access control, and certificates.
Software components: Known as JavaBeansTM, can plug into existing
component architectures.
Object serialization: Allows lightweight persistence and communication via
Remote Method Invocation (RMI).
Java Database Connectivity (JDBCTM): Provides uniform access to a wide range
of relational databases.
The Java platform also has APIs for 2D and 3D graphics, accessibility,
servers, collaboration, telephony, speech, animation, and more. The following
figure depicts what is included in the Java 2 SDK.

22
 How Will Java Technology Change My Life?

We can’t promise you fame, fortune, or even a job if you learn the Java
programming language. Still, it is likely to make your programs better and
requires less effort than other languages. We believe that Java technology will
help you do the following:

Get started quickly: Although the Java programming language is a powerful

object-oriented language, it’s easy to learn, especially for programmers already
familiar with C or C++.
Write less code: Comparisons of program metrics (class counts, method counts,
and so on) suggest that a program written in the Java programming language can
be four times smaller than the same program in C++.
Write better code: The Java programming language encourages good coding
practices, and its garbage collection helps you avoid memory leaks. Its object
orientation, its JavaBeans component architecture, and its wide-ranging, easily
extendible API let you reuse other people’s tested code and introduce fewer bugs.
Develop programs more quickly: Your development time may be as much as
twice as fast versus writing the same program in C++. Why? You write fewer
lines of code and it is a simpler programming language than C++.
Avoid platform dependencies with 100% Pure Java: You can keep your program
portable by avoiding the use of libraries written in other languages. The 100%
Pure JavaTM Product Certification Program has a repository of historical process
manuals, white papers, brochures, and similar materials online.
Write once, run anywhere: Because 100% Pure Java programs are compiled into
machine-independent byte codes, they run consistently on any Java platform.
Distribute software more easily: You can upgrade applets easily from a central
server. Applets take advantage of the feature of allowing new classes to be loaded
“on the fly,” without recompiling the entire program.
ODBC
Microsoft Open Database Connectivity (ODBC) is a standard programming
interface for application developers and database systems providers. Before ODBC
became a de facto standard for Windows programs to interface with database systems,
programmers had to use proprietary languages for each database they wanted to

23
connect to. Now, ODBC has made the choice of the database system almost irrelevant
from a coding perspective, which is as it should be. Application developers have
much more important things to worry about than the syntax that is needed to port their
program from one database to another when business needs suddenly change.
Through the ODBC Administrator in Control Panel, you can specify the
particular database that is associated with a data source that an ODBC application
program is written to use. Think of an ODBC data source as a door with a name on it.
Each door will lead you to a particular database. For example, the data source named
Sales Figures might be a SQL Server database, whereas the Accounts Payable data
source could refer to an Access database. The physical database referred to by a data
source can reside anywhere on the LAN.
The ODBC system files are not installed on your system by Windows 95. Rather,
they are installed when you setup a separate database application, such as SQL Server
Client or Visual Basic 4.0. When the ODBC icon is installed in Control Panel, it uses
a file called ODBCINST.DLL. It is also possible to administer your ODBC data
sources through a stand-alone program called ODBCADM.EXE. There is a 16-bit and
a 32-bit version of this program and each maintains a separate list of ODBC data
sources.

From a programming perspective, the beauty of ODBC is that the application can
be written to use the same set of function calls to interface with any data source,
regardless of the database vendor. The source code of the application doesn’t change
whether it talks to Oracle or SQL Server. We only mention these two as an example.
There are ODBC drivers available for several dozen popular database systems. Even
Excel spreadsheets and plain text files can be turned into data sources. The operating
system uses the Registry information written by ODBC Administrator to determine
which low-level ODBC drivers are needed to talk to the data source (such as the
interface to Oracle or SQL Server). The loading of the ODBC drivers is transparent to
the ODBC application program. In a client/server environment, the ODBC API even
handles many of the network issues for the application programmer.
The advantages of this scheme are so numerous that you are probably thinking
there must be some catch. The only disadvantage of ODBC is that it isn’t as efficient
as talking directly to the native database interface. ODBC has had many detractors
make the charge that it is too slow. Microsoft has always claimed that the critical

24
factor in performance is the quality of the driver software that is used. In our humble
opinion, this is true. The availability of good ODBC drivers has improved a great deal
recently. And anyway, the criticism about performance is somewhat analogous to
those who said that compilers would never match the speed of pure assembly
language.
JDBC
In an effort to set an independent database standard API for Java; Sun
Microsystems developed Java Database Connectivity, or JDBC. JDBC offers a
generic SQL database access mechanism that provides a consistent interface to a
variety of RDBMSs. This consistent interface is achieved through the use of “plug-in”
database connectivity modules, or drivers. If a database vendor wishes to have JDBC
support, he or she must provide the driver for each platform that the database and Java
run on.
To gain a wider acceptance of JDBC, Sun based JDBC’s framework on ODBC.
As you discovered earlier in this chapter, ODBC has widespread support on a variety
of platforms. Basing JDBC on ODBC will allow vendors to bring JDBC drivers to
market much faster than developing a completely new connectivity solution.
JDBC was announced in March of 1996. It was released for a 90 day public
review that ended June 8, 1996. Because of user input, the final JDBC v1.0
specification was released soon after.
The remainder of this section will cover enough information about JDBC for you
to know what it is about and how to use it effectively. This is by no means a complete
overview of JDBC. That would fill an entire book.
JDBC Goals
Few software packages are designed without goals in mind. JDBC is one that,
because of its many goals, drove the development of the API. These goals, in
conjunction with early reviewer feedback, have finalized the JDBC class library into a
solid framework for building database applications in Java.
The goals that were set for JDBC are important. They will give you some insight
as to why certain classes and functionalities behave the way they do. The eight design
goals for JDBC are as follows:

25
 1. SQL Level API
The designers felt that their main goal was to define a SQL interface for Java.
Although not the lowest database interface level possible, it is at a low enough
level for higher-level tools and APIs to be created. Conversely, it is at a high
enough level for application programmers to use it confidently. Attaining this goal
allows for future tool vendors to “generate” JDBC code and to hide many of
JDBC’s complexities from the end user.

2. SQL Conformance
SQL syntax varies as you move from database vendor to database vendor. In
an effort to support a wide variety of vendors, JDBC will allow any query
statement to be passed through it to the underlying database driver. This allows
the connectivity module to handle non-standard functionality in a manner that is
suitable for its users.

3. JDBC must be implemental on top of common database interfaces

The JDBC SQL API must “sit” on top of other common SQL level APIs. This
goal allows JDBC to use existing ODBC level drivers by the use of a software
interface. This interface would translate JDBC calls to ODBC and vice versa.
4. Provide a Java interface that is consistent with the rest of the Java
system
Because of Java’s acceptance in the user community thus far, the designers
feel that they should not stray from the current design of the core Java system.

5. Keep it simple
This goal probably appears in all software design goal listings. JDBC is no
exception. Sun felt that the design of JDBC should be very simple, allowing for
only one method of completing a task per mechanism. Allowing duplicate
functionality only serves to confuse the users of the API.

6. Use strong, static typing wherever possible

Strong typing allows for more error checking to be done at compile time;
also, less error appear at runtime.

26
 7. Keep the common cases simple
Because more often than not, the usual SQL calls used by the programmer
are simple SELECT’s, INSERT’s, DELETE’s and UPDATE’s, these queries
should be simple to perform with JDBC. However, more complex SQL statements
should also be possible.

Finally we decided to proceed the implementation using Java

Networking.And for dynamically updating the cache table we go for MS
Access database.Java ha two things: a programming language and a
platform.Java is a high-level programming language that is all of the
following

Simple Architecture-
neutral

Object-oriented Portable

Distributed High-performance

Interpreted multithreaded

Robust Dynamic

Secure

Java is also unusual in that each Java program is both compiled and
interpreted. With a compile you translate a Java program into an
intermediate language called Java byte codes the platform-independent
code instruction is passed and run on the computer.

Compilation happens just once; interpretation occurs each time the

program is executed. The figure illustrates how this works.

27
 JavaProg Interpreter

Compilers My Program

You can think of Java byte codes as the machine code instructions for
the Java Virtual Machine (Java VM). Every Java interpreter, whether it’s a
Java development tool or a Web browser that can run Java applets, is an
implementation of the Java VM. The Java VM can also be implemented in
hardware.

Java byte codes help make “write once, run anywhere” possible. You
can compile your Java program into byte codes on my platform that has a
Java compiler. The byte codes can then be run any implementation of the
Java VM. For example, the same Java program can run Windows NT,
Solaris, and Macintosh.

TCP/IP stack

The TCP/IP stack is shorter than the OSI one:

28
 TCP is a connection-oriented protocol; UDP (User Datagram Protocol)
is a connectionless protocol.

IP datagram’s

The IP layer provides a connectionless and unreliable delivery system.

It considers each datagram independently of the others. Any association
between datagram must be supplied by the higher layers. The IP layer
supplies a checksum that includes its own header. The header includes the
source and destination addresses. The IP layer handles routing through an
Internet. It is also responsible for breaking up large datagram into smaller
ones for transmission and reassembling them at the other end.

UDP

UDP is also connectionless and unreliable. What it adds to IP is a

checksum for the contents of the datagram and port numbers. These are used
to give a client/server model - see later.

TCP

TCP supplies logic to give a reliable connection-oriented protocol

above IP. It provides a virtual circuit that two processes can use to
communicate.

Internet addresses

In order to use a service, you must be able to find it. The Internet uses
an address scheme for machines so that they can be located. The address is a
32 bit integer which gives the IP address. This encodes a network ID and
more addressing. The network ID falls into various classes according to the
size of the network address.

29
Network address

Class A uses 8 bits for the network address with 24 bits left over for
other addressing. Class B uses 16 bit network addressing. Class C uses 24
bit network addressing and class D uses all 32.

Subnet address

Internally, the UNIX network is divided into sub networks. Building 11

is currently on one sub network and uses 10-bit addressing, allowing 1024
different hosts.

Host address

8 bits are finally used for host addresses within our subnet. This places
a limit of 256 machines that can be on the subnet.

Total address

The 32 bit address is usually written as 4 integers separated by dots.

Port addresses

A service exists on a host, and is identified by its port. This is a 16 bit

number. To send a message to a server, you send it to the port for that
service of the host that it is running on. This is not location transparency!
Certain of these ports are "well known".

30
 Sockets

A socket is a data structure maintained by the system to handle network

connections. A socket is created using the call socket. It returns an integer
that is like a file descriptor. In fact, under Windows, this handle can be used
with Read File and Write File functions.

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
int socket(int family, int type, int protocol);

Here "family" will be AF_INET for IP communications, protocol

will be zero, and type will depend on whether TCP or UDP is used. Two
processes wishing to communicate over a network create a socket each.
These are similar to two ends of a pipe - but the actual pipe does not yet
exist.

JFree Chart

JFreeChart is a free 100% Java chart library that makes it easy for
developers to display professional quality charts in their applications.
JFreeChart's extensive feature set includes:

A consistent and well-documented API, supporting a wide range of chart

types;

A flexible design that is easy to extend, and targets both server-side and
client-side applications;

Support for many output types, including Swing components, image files
(including PNG and JPEG), and vector graphics file formats (including PDF,
EPS and SVG);

JFreeChart is "open source" or, more specifically, free software. It is

distributed under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public Licence
(LGPL), which permits use in proprietary applications.

31
 1. Map Visualizations
Charts showing values that relate to geographical areas. Some examples
include: (a) population density in each state of the United States, (b) income
per capita for each country in Europe, (c) life expectancy in each country of
the world. The tasks in this project include:

Sourcing freely redistributable vector outlines for the countries of the

world, states/provinces in particular countries (USA in particular, but also
other areas);

Creating an appropriate dataset interface (plus default implementation), a

rendered, and integrating this with the existing XYPlot class in JFreeChart;

Testing, documenting, testing some more, documenting some more.

2. Time Series Chart Interactivity

Implement a new (to JFreeChart) feature for interactive time series charts ---
to display a separate control that shows a small version of ALL the time series
data, with a sliding "view" rectangle that allows you to select the subset of the
time series data to display in the main chart.

3. Dashboards
There is currently a lot of interest in dashboard displays. Create a flexible
dashboard mechanism that supports a subset of JFreeChart chart types (dials, pies,
thermometers, bars, and lines/time series) that can be delivered easily via both
Java Web Start and an applet.

4. Property Editors
The property editor mechanism in JFreeChart only handles a small subset
of the properties that can be set for charts. Extend (or reimplement) this
mechanism to provide greater end-user control over the appearance of the
charts.

J2ME (Java 2 Micro edition):-

32
 Sun Microsystems defines J2ME as "a highly optimized Java run-time
environment targeting a wide range of consumer products, including pagers, cellular
phones, screen-phones, digital set-top boxes and car navigation systems." Announced
in June 1999 at the JavaOne Developer Conference, J2ME brings the cross-platform
functionality of the Java language to smaller devices, allowing mobile wireless
devices to share applications. With J2ME, Sun has adapted the Java platform for
consumer products that incorporate or are based on small computing devices.

1. General J2ME architecture

J2ME uses configurations and profiles to customize the Java Runtime

Environment (JRE). As a complete JRE, J2ME is comprised of a configuration, which
determines the JVM used, and a profile, which defines the application by adding
domain-specific classes. The configuration defines the basic run-time environment as
a set of core classes and a specific JVM that run on specific types of devices. We'll
discuss configurations in detail in the The profile defines the application; specifically,
it adds domain-specific classes to the J2ME configuration to define certain uses for
devices. We'll cover profiles in depth in the The following graphic depicts the
relationship between the different virtual machines, configurations, and profiles. It
also draws a parallel with the J2SE API and its Java virtual machine. While the J2SE
virtual machine is generally referred to as a JVM, the J2ME virtual machines, KVM
and CVM, are subsets of JVM. Both KVM and CVM can be thought of as a kind of

33
Java virtual machine -- it's just that they are shrunken versions of the J2SE JVM and
are specific to J2ME.

2.Developing J2ME applications

Introduction In this section, we will go over some considerations you need to

keep in mind when developing applications for smaller devices. We'll take a look at
the way the compiler is invoked when using J2SE to compile J2ME applications.
Finally, we'll explore packaging and deployment and the role preverification plays in
this process.

3.Design considerations for small devices

Developing applications for small devices requires you to keep certain strategies
in mind during the design phase. It is best to strategically design an application for a
small device before you begin coding. Correcting the code because you failed to
consider all of the "gotchas" before developing the application can be a painful
process. Here are some design strategies to consider:

* Keep it simple. Remove unnecessary features, possibly making those features a

separate, secondary application.

* Smaller is better. This consideration should be a "no brainer" for all developers.
Smaller applications use less memory on the device and require shorter installation
times. Consider packaging your Java applications as compressed Java Archive (jar)
files.

* Minimize run-time memory use. To minimize the amount of memory used at

run time, use scalar types in place of object types. Also, do not depend on the garbage
collector. You should manage the memory efficiently yourself by setting object
references to null when you are finished with them. Another way to reduce run-time
memory is to use lazy instantiation, only allocating objects on an as-needed basis.
Other ways of reducing overall and peak memory use on small devices are to release
resources quickly, reuse objects, and avoid exceptions.

4.Configurations overview

34
 The configuration defines the basic run-time environment as a set of core classes
and a specific JVM that run on specific types of devices. Currently, two
configurations exist for J2ME, though others may be defined in the future:

* Connected Limited Device Configuration (CLDC)is used specifically with

the KVM for 16-bit or 32-bit devices with limited amounts of memory. This is the
configuration (and the virtual machine) used for developing small J2ME applications.
Its size limitations make CLDC more interesting and challenging (from a
development point of view) than CDC. CLDC is also the configuration that we will
use for developing our drawing tool application. An example of a small wireless
device running small applications is a Palm hand-held computer.

* Connected Device Configuration (CDC)is used with the C virtual machine

(CVM) and is used for 32-bit architectures requiring more than 2 MB of memory. An
example of such a device is a Net TV box.

5.J2ME profiles

What is a J2ME profile?

As we mentioned earlier in this tutorial, a profile defines the type of device

supported. The Mobile Information Device Profile (MIDP), for example, defines
classes for cellular phones. It adds domain-specific classes to the J2ME configuration
to define uses for similar devices. Two profiles have been defined for J2ME and are
built upon CLDC: KJava and MIDP. Both KJava and MIDP are associated with
CLDC and smaller devices. Profiles are built on top of configurations. Because
profiles are specific to the size of the device (amount of memory) on which an
application runs, certain profiles are associated with certain configurations.

A skeleton profile upon which you can create your own profile, the Foundation
Profile, is available for CDC.

Profile 1: KJava

KJava is Sun's proprietary profile and contains the KJava API. The KJava profile
is built on top of the CLDC configuration. The KJava virtual machine, KVM, accepts
the same byte codes and class file format as the classic J2SE virtual machine. KJava
contains a Sun-specific API that runs on the Palm OS. The KJava API has a great deal

35
in common with the J2SE Abstract Windowing Toolkit (AWT). However, because it
is not a standard J2ME package, its main package is com.sun.kjava. We'll learn more
about the KJava API later in this tutorial when we develop some sample applications.

Profile 2: MIDP

MIDP is geared toward mobile devices such as cellular phones and pagers. The
MIDP, like KJava, is built upon CLDC and provides a standard run-time environment
that allows new applications and services to be deployed dynamically on end user
devices. MIDP is a common, industry-standard profile for mobile devices that is not
dependent on a specific vendor. It is a complete and supported foundation for mobile
application

development. MIDP contains the following packages, the first three of which are
core CLDC packages, plus three MIDP-specific packages.

* java.lang

* java.io

* java.util

* javax.microedition.io

* javax.microedition.lcdui

* javax.microedition.midlet

* javax.microedition.rms

5.2.2 SOURCE CODE:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>GOVERNMENT APPLICATION NEEDED DOCUMENT</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="styles.css">

36
 <style>
body {
font-family: Arial, sans-serif;
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
background-image: url('m2.jpg'); /* Replace 'background-image.jpg' with the
path to your image */
background-size: cover;
background-position: center;
}

header {
background-color: rgba(0, 64, 128, 0.8); /* Adjust the background color as
needed */
color: white;
padding: 15px 0;
text-align: center;
}

/* The rest of your CSS styles */

</style>
</head>
<body>
<header>
<h1>GOVERNMENT APPLICATION NEEDED DOCUMENT</h1>
<nav>
<ul>
<li><a href="index.html">Home</a></li>
<li><a href="about.html">About Us</a></li>
<li><a href="services.html">Services</a></li>

37
 <li><a href="departments.html">Departments</a></li>
<li><a href="login.html">Login</a></li>
<li><a href="online-services.html">Online Services</a></li>
<li><a href="news.html">News & Events</a></li>
<li><a href="contact.html">Contact Us</a></li>
</ul>
</nav>
</header>
<main>
<section>
<h2>Welcome to Our Municipal Corporation</h2>
<p>Our mission is to provide excellent municipal services to our
residents, businesses, and visitors.</p>
</section>
</main>
<footer>
<p>&copy; 2024 Municipal Corporation</p>
</footer>
</body>
</html>

38
 CHAPTER-6
TESTING
6.1 SYSTEM TESTING
The purpose of testing is to discover errors. Testing is the process of trying to
discover every conceivable fault or weakness in a work product. It provides a way to
check the functionality of components, sub assemblies, assemblies and/or a finished
product It is the process of exercising software with the intent of ensuring that the

Software system meets its requirements and user expectations and does not fail
in an unacceptable manner. There are various types of test. Each test type addresses a
specific testing requirement.

TYPES OF TESTS
Unit testing
Unit testing involves the design of test cases that validate that the internal
program logic is functioning properly, and that program inputs produce valid outputs.
All decision branches and internal code flow should be validated. It is the testing of
individual software units of the application .it is done after the completion of an
individual unit before integration. This is a structural testing, that relies on knowledge
of its construction and is invasive. Unit tests perform basic tests at component level
and test a specific business process, application, and/or system configuration. Unit
tests ensure that each unique path of a business process performs accurately to the
documented specifications and contains clearly defined inputs and expected results.

Functional test
Functional tests provide systematic demonstrations that functions tested are
available as specified by the business and technical requirements, system
documentation, and user manuals.

Functional testing is centered on the following items:

Valid Input : identified classes of valid input must be accepted.

Invalid Input : identified classes of invalid input must be

rejected.

39
 Functions : identified functions must be exercised.

Output : identified classes of application outputs must be

exercised.

Systems/Procedures: interfacing systems or procedures must be invoked.

Organization and preparation of functional tests is focused on

requirements, key functions, or special test cases. In addition, systematic coverage
pertaining to identify Business process flows; data fields, predefined processes, and
successive processes must be considered for testing. Before functional testing is
complete, additional tests are identified and the effective value of current tests is
determined.

 System Test
System testing ensures that the entire integrated software system meets
requirements. It tests a configuration to ensure known and predictable results. An
example of system testing is the configuration oriented system integration test.
System testing is based on process descriptions and flows, emphasizing pre-driven
process links and integration points.

 White Box Testing

White Box Testing is a testing in which in which the software tester
has knowledge of the inner workings, structure and language of the software, or at
least its purpose. It is purpose. It is used to test areas that cannot be reached from a
black box level.

 Black Box Testing

Black Box Testing is testing the software without any knowledge of
the inner workings, structure or language of the module being tested. Black box tests,
as most other kinds of tests, must be written from a definitive source document, such
as specification or requirements document, such as specification or requirements
document. It is a testing in which the software under test is treated, as a black
box .you cannot “see” into it. The test provides inputs and responds to outputs without
considering how the software works.

6.1 Unit Testing:

40
 Unit testing is usually conducted as part of a combined code and unit test
phase of the software lifecycle, although it is not uncommon for coding and unit
testing to be conducted as two distinct phases.

Test objectives

 All field entries must work properly.

 Pages must be activated from the identified link.
 The entry screen, messages and responses must not be delayed.
Features to be tested

 Verify that the entries are of the correct format

 No duplicate entries should be allowed
 All links should take the user to the correct page.
6.2 Integration Testing
Software integration testing is the incremental integration testing of two or
more integrated software components on a single platform to produce failures caused
by interface defects.

The task of the integration test is to check that components or software

applications, e.g. components in a software system or – one step up – software
applications at the company level – interact without error.

Test Results: All the test cases mentioned above passed successfully. No defects
encountered.

41
 CHAPTER -7
OUTPUT SCREENS
HOME PAGE:

FIG:HOME PAGE

REGISTER HOME PAGE:

FIG:REGISTER PAGE

42
LOGIN PAGE:

FIG:LOGIN PAGE

ABOUT US PAGE:

FIG:ABOUT PAGE

43
MEE SEVA PORTAL PAGE:

FIG:MEE SEVA PORRAL PAGE

APPLICATION PAGE:

FIG:APPLICATION PAGE

44
 CHAPTER-8
CONLUSION
When applying for a government position, ensuring all required documents are
included is crucial for a smooth process. Typically, these documents include
identification proof, educational certificates, relevant work experience records, and
any specific forms or applications specified by the hiring agency. It's essential to
carefully review the job listing or application guidelines to avoid omissions that could
delay or disqualify your application. Additionally, providing accurate and complete
information enhances your chances of being considered for the position. Therefore,
thorough preparation and attention to detail in gathering and submitting the necessary
documents are paramount in navigating the government application process
effectively.

45
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passports/forms.html

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explained/how-apply

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46