Exception Handling Topics

1)Introduction

2)Run time stack mechanism

3)Default Exception handling in java

4)Exception Hierarchy

5)Customised exception handling by using

6)Control flow in try-catch

7)Methods to print exception info

8)Try with multi catch blocks

9)Finally block

10)Difference between final, finally, finalize

11)Various possible combination

12)Control flow in try catch finally

13)Control flow in nested try catch finally

14)Throw keyword

15)Throws keyword

16)Exception handling keywords summary

17)Various possible compile time errors in exception handling

18)Customized or user denied exceptions

19)Top-10 exceptions

20)1.7 versions enhancements

1.Try with resources

2.Multi-catch block
1)Introduction

Unwanted and unexpected event disturb the normal flow of the programme is called Exception

Purpose of Exception Handling: -Graceful termination of the programme

Meaning of Exception Handling-Defining alternative rest of the programme run normally

2)Run time stack mechanism

In Every thread JVM create separate STACK a

Each entry is called Activation Record or Stack Frame

3)Default Exception handling in java

4)Exception Hierarchy

Throwable class is root class of java exception Hierarchy & error

Throwable contains two child classes 1) exception 2) error

1)Exception are caused by our programme and its recoverable

2)Error are not caused by our programme and it’s not recoverable, its due to lack of system
resources

3)Under exceptions they are several exceptions classes there 3.1) runtime exception 3.2) IO
exception 3.3) Interrupted exception 4) Remote Exception

Under runtime exception

3.1.1) Arithmetic exception

3.1.2) Null pointer exception

3.1.3) Class cast exception

3.1.4) Index outofbound exception

3.1.4.1) Array Indexoutofbound exception

3.1.4.2) String Indexoutofbound exception

3.1.5) Illegal Argument exception

3.1.5.1) NumberFormatexception

3.2) Under IOException (Checked exception)(fully checked exception)

3.2.1) End of file exception

3.2.2) FileNotFound exception

2)Error are there may child classes are available(unchecked)

2.1) VM error
 2.1.1) StackoutflowError

2.1.2) OutOfMemory error

2.2) Linkage Error

2.2.1) Verify Error

2.3) Assertion Error

2.4) ExceptionIntializeError

Checked vs Unchecked Exception

Weather Checked or Unchecked exception always occurs runtime only

Where exceptions checked by compiler weather programmer handling or not for smooth execution
those exceptions are called checked exceptions.

Ex: File not found exceptions, interpreted exceptions

Where exceptions not checked by compiler weather programmer handling or not these are un-
checked exceptions

Ex: Arithmetic exception

The exception checked by runtime

All errors are unchecked exceptions

Runtime exceptions and child classes are unchecked exceptions

Note: Where exceptions occur in compile time those are syntactical errors

What is fully checked exceptions and partially checked exception

Throwable and Exception are only partially checked exceptions in java

And IOException are fully checked exceptions

5)Customised exception handling by using try catch

7)Methods to print exception info

There are three methods are available to print messages in console

These methods are available in throwable class

1) e.printstackTrace()
 Out put will be :Name of the exception, Description and stack trace

2) e.toString() or e
sop(e) or sop(e.toString)
Output will be: Name of exception and description
3) e. getmessage ()
sop(e.getmessage());
output will be Only description

8)Try with multi catch blocks

Yes its possible and highly recommended

9)Finally block

Purpose of the finally block to maintain clean up code(resource re-allocation code)

Will execute this block irrespective of Weather exceptions handled or not handled and raised or
not raised

Finally block vs return statement

If return statement is there in try block, even though finally block will execute, first finally block
will execute after that only return statement will execute

Finally block dominates the return statement

If try block returns some value and catch block returns some value and finally block return some
value, Always finally block return will be consider ,its always highest priority

Whenever system. exit(0) in code JVM not able to execute finally block ,it’s the only chance not to
execute finally block ,system.exit(0) dominates

10)Difference between final, finally, finalize ()

Final-is access modifier is applicable for classes, methods and variables

if we declare class as final, that class is not able extend to any class it means not applicable for
inheritance

if we method declared as final, we can’t override in the child class

if we variable declared as final we cant change the value

finalize () is a method and associated with carbage collector and calls to clean up activity

Garbage collector calls the finalize () method just before destroying the non ref object

14)Throw keyword

Purpose of Throw keyword for customized exception

Programmer Create exception explicitly and handover to exception object to JVM manually via
Throw keyword

Ex: Throw new Arthimeticexception (“/ zero”); mostly for unchecked exception

15)Throws keyword

To handle checked exception by

To delegate responsible of exception handling to the caller(main method or JVM)

Its required only for checked exceptions ,for unchecked exception there is no use

We can use throws keyword applicable for methods and constructors not for classes

Its applicable for throwable exception only

1)try-tomaintain risky code

2)catch-to maintain handling code

3)finally-to maintain clean up code

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Interface: Any service requirement specification (srs)

Interface never talks about implementation

Every method by default public or abstract in interface

From 1.9->static and private methods are allowing