INSTALLATION RULES PAPER 2

STUDY GUIDE
Compiled
p By:
y Leonard Fikani Ndlovu
Email: [email protected]
Website: http://www.installationrulesstudymate.co.za
 INSTALLATION RULES PAPER 2
STUDY GUIDE
Leornard Fikani Ndlovu
PO Box 4367
Durban
4000
Kwazulu‐Natal Province
South Africa
E‐mail: [email protected]
@ y
Website: http://www.installationrulesstudymate.co.za

© 2014 By Leornard Fikani Ndlovu,

Ndlovu Author
All rights reserved. No part of this Study Guide may be reproduced or transmitted in any form
or by any means without written permission from the Author.
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page No.
Introduction 11
Syllabus
y 12
Important Tables 13
Important Formulas 14
Resistance
Touch Voltage
Voltage Drop
Neutral Current
Load Moment
AC PSCC
DC PSCC
Power
Example
p 1 24
General Knowledge
Example 2 27
Calculating The Volt Drop Of A Cable
First Method
Second Method
Third Method
Fourth Method
Fifth Method
Sixth Method
Seventh Method
Example 3 34
Determine The Minimum Main Cable Size
First Method
Second Method
Third Method
Fourth Method
Fifth Method
 Page No.
Determine The Actual % Volt Drop
Determine The Main Protection Tripping Rating
Determine The Current Unbalanced Factor
D
Determine
i The
Th Resistance
R i Of The
Th ECC
Example 4 47
SIX Different Methods To Determine Volt Drop
Determine Using Monogram Model The Specific Resistance
Specific Resistance Of Copper
Specific Resistance Of Aluminum
Practical Example Of How The Monogram Is Used In Volt Drop Calculations
Example
p 5 55
Calculate The Three Phase Prospective Fault Current
Calculate The Phase‐To‐Phase Prospective Fault Current
Calculate The Volt Drop At The Load
First Method
Second Method
Third Method
Fourth Method
Fifth Method
Calculate The Minimum ECC Size
First Method
Second Method
Calculate The Touch Voltage
Example 6 68
Determine The Minimum Cable Size
First Method
 Page No.
Second Method
Third Method
Fourth Method
Fif h Method
Fifth M h d
Calculate The Volt Drop DB To A
First Method
Second Method
Third Method
Fourth Method
Fifth Method
Calculate The Volt Drop DB To B
First Method
Second Method
Third Method
Fourth Method
Fifth Method
Calculate The % Volt Drop Worst Case
Determine The Main Protection Level
Determine The Specific Value Of Copper Cable Used
Example 7 91
Calculate The Connected Load
Determine The Minimum Cable Size From DB To Load
First Method
Second Method
Third Method
Fourth Method
Fifth Method
 Page No.
Determine The Minimum Main Cable Size
First Method
Second Method
Thi d M
Third Method
h d
Fourth Method
Fifth Method
Calculate The % Volt Drop At The Load
Give The Maximum Allowable Touch Voltage According To The Code
Example 8 115
Calculate The Maximum Volt Drop DB To Circuit “A”
First Method
Test Your Answer By making Use Of Table E.1
Methods 2 To 5
Calculate The Maximum Volt Drop DB To Circuit “B”
Fi t Method
First M th d
Calculate The Minimum Copper Cable Size For A 3 Phase Motor
First Method
Second Method
Third Method
Fourth Method
Fifth Method
Is Your Cable Size Suitable (Correct) Explain?
Example 9 130
Determine The Total Volt Drop Of The Supply
First Method
Calculate The Total Resistance Of The Supply Cable
 Page No.
Test The Total Volt Drop Of The Supply Using Any Other Method
Second Method
Third Method
Fourth Method
Fifth Method
By Making Use Of TABLE E.1 Only, Calculate The Length Of ECC
Example 10 139
Calculate The % Volt Drop Of A Single Phase Motor
First Method
Second Method
Third Method
Fourthh Method
h d
Fifth Method
Sixth Method
Determine The Resistance Of The ECC
Fi t Method
First M th d
Second Method
Calculate The Touch Voltage At The Motor
Example 11 149
Calculate The PSCC For A Three Phase Fault
Calculate The Touch Voltage At The Load
Determine The Total Loop Impedance
Example 12 153
Calculate The PSCC For A Three Phase Fault
Calculate The Touch Voltage At The Load
Determine The Total Loop Impedance
 Page No.
Example 13 157
Calculate The PSCC Of A DC Supply
Example 14 160
Calculate The PSCC Of A DC Supply
Example 15 163
Determine How Many PVC Conductors May Be Added To The Given Conduit
Example 16 165
Determine How Many PVC Conductors May Be Added To The Given Conduit
Example 17 167
Determine The Conduit Size For The Given Installation
Example 18 169
Derive From Basic Principles The Approximate Resistance Value
Exercise 172
Derive From Basic Principles The Approximate Resistance Value
E
Example
l 19 173
Calculate The Maximum Value Of The Protection Device
Calculate Maximum Value Of The Protection Device
Calculate The Maximum Length Of The ECC
Determine The Actual Resistance Value For The Above Length
Calculate The Actual Length Of The ECC
Determine The Actual Touch Voltage For This Conductor
Calculate The Aerial Area Of The ECC
First Method
Second Method
 Page No.
Application Of Table 6.28 – Calculate The Minimum Size Of The ECC
First Method
Second Method
Example 20 182
Loop Impedance Test And PSCC Test
Example 21 184
Earth Electrode Test
Accuracy And Resolution
Verification Of Test Instrument
Example 22 189
Insulation Resistance Test
Verification Of Test Instruments
Example 23 191
How The Touch Voltage Is Determined
Module 1 193

Module 2 198

Module 3 200

Module 4 202

Module 5 205

Module 6 207
 Page No.
Module 7 208

Module 8 212

Module 9 215

Module 10 217

Module 11 219

Important Annexures 221

Paper 2 Checklist 222

Module 6 Answers 224

 WELCOME
We would like to welcome you to the Installation Rules Paper 2 Study Guide and we thank you for investing in our study
material. If you have never taken this Exam or have attempted it before, this Study Guide together with the accompanying
Software will give you some idea of what to expect the actual Exam session to be like and to sharpen your skills on how to
answer such Exam questions.

Our Study Tools are designed to facilitate your Exam preparation process and to shorten your preparation time. The main
objective of our Study Tools is to give you the knowledge,
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colours on the first try. This objective is achieved by providing excellent Study Tools packed with detailed, step by step
examples and many Exam–Style Questions. The Installation Rules Study Tools ensures that your understanding of the
material covered in the Regulation Standards is solidified and also ensures that all the objectives and aims of the
Installation Rules Course are satisfied ‐ keep p in mind that for the Installation Rules Exams you
y are required
q to demonstrate
sufficient knowledge, understanding and application of the regulation standards.

The latest standards (Books) that will be required for the Installation Rules Paper 2 are: SANS 10142 – 1 and SANS 1973.

The information provided in this guide is divided into two sections: Section 1 gives you worked out examples of calculations
and some theory questions for Paper Two. Most of the examples are taken from Past Exam Papers. Section 2 is divided into
Modules 1 to 11 – make sure to answer ALL the questions in these Modules. For ease of use each question in the Modules
have Page numbers next to them indicating where you can get the answer to that particular question in the Regulation
Book. We have included answers to Module 6, and for answers to calculation questions please refer to Examples. First,
work with the Study Guide and for revision and practice run the Exam Simulator. We have also included 10 Revision
Questions in a separate file as well, you may use this as the final preparation for your Exam.

We wish you all the best.

Installation Rules Study Mate Team

Page 11
 INSTALLATION RULES PAPER 2 SYLLABUS
SANS 10142‐1 LATEST EDITION: The Wiring Of Premises Part 1 [LV Installations]

Section 6: Installation Requirements

Section 8: Verification And Certification

Annexure B: Limits of “arm’s reach”

Annexure C: Installation Components

Annexure E: Calculation Of Voltage Drop

Annexure G: Conductors In Conduits

Annexure K: Notification Of A Potential Danger

Annexure L: Installations Of Surge Protection Devices (SPDs) Into Low‐Voltage Systems

Annexure N: Earthing Arrangements And Equipotential Bonding Of IT Installations For Functional Purposes

Annexure 0: Classification Of Safety Services Necessary For Medical Locations

SANS 1973 LATEST EDITION: Low Voltage Switch Gear, Control Gear Assemblies‐
Safety Of Assemblies With A Rated Prospective Short‐Circuit Current Of Up To & Including 10 kA
Page 12
 IMPORTANT TABLES FOR PAPER 2
You have to be able to apply the following Tables in solving many of paper 2 calculations:
Page
T bl 6.3
Table 6 3 (b) 105

Table 6.4 (b) 107

Table 6.8 114

Table 6.22 153

Table 6.23 154

Table 6.24 154

Table 6.28 161

Table 8.1 276

Table 8.2 277

Table E.1 307

Table E.3 311

Page 13
 PAPER 2 IMPORTANT FORMULAE
RESISTANCE
Resistance is the measure of opposition to electric current: Its symbol is R and the unit of measurement is Ohm (Ω). But in
T bl E.1
Table E 1 which
hi h iis on P
Page 307 we are given
i th values
the l off conductor
d t resistance
it R iin Ohm/Km,
Oh /K therefore
th f we needd to
t convertt
these values to R in Ohm for most of our calculations. For instance in the Exam, you will most likely be given the conductor
size in mm2,the length in meters and be required to determine the resistance of the conductor especially the ECC.

Step 1: Convert the given length to Km. We know that 1Km = 1000m. Let x be the length which is given to us in meters. To
convert x to Km we simply divide x by 1000 [x in Km = [x (in meters)/1000]Km.

Step 2: Get the value of R in Ohm/Km for the given conductor size from Table EE.1,
1 multiply this value by x in Km calculated
in Step 1 to get R in Ohms:

R (in Ω) = Value (in Ω/Km) x L(in Km)

Let us say we are given the length of the conductor and the value of R in Ohms and that we want to express this value of R
in Ohm/Km so that we can apply Table E.1 in order to determine the conductor size in mm2. To get the value of R (in Ω/Km)
do this: First convert the given length to Km, divide the given value of R in Ohms by the converted length in Km. Later you
will see how to apply these two formulas.

Value (in Ω/Km) = Value (in Ω)

L (in Km)
Page 14
TOUCH VOLTAGE

Touch Voltage (T.V.) = 2 x ICB x RECC

Where,
ICB is the value of the protective device in Amps (Normally a Circuit Breaker or a Fuse)
RECC is the resistance of the Earth Continuity Conductor in Ohms
Touch Voltage = 30V

Let us do one Example and more examples will be shown later in the Study Guide: Exam Question: Table 8.1 of the Code
refers to the maximum resistance of the earth continuity conductor, with reference to a known protective device. Derive
from basic pprinciples
p the approximate
pp resistance value for the 10A pprotective device.
Touch Voltage = 30V
ICB value = 10A
Determine RECC for the given protective device
T h Voltage
Touch V lt (T V ) = 2 x ICB x RECC
(T.V.)
RECC = T.V.
2 x ICB

RECC = 30V
2 x 10A

RECC = 30V
20A
RECC = 1.5Ω
Page 15
AC CIRCUITS: PSCC FORMULAS [Page 271 – 272]

Impedance Of The Phase Conductor: ZConductor = L x √(R2 + X2)

1000

Source Transformer Impedance: ZTransformer = V2 x Z%

P x 103 100

Total Impedance Of The Upstream Network: ZTotal = ZTransformer + ZConductor

Loop Impedance: ZLoop = ZTransformer + ZConductor + ZECC

Th
Three Ph
Phase PSCC
PSCC: PSCC (3Φ) = V
√3 x ZTotal

PSCC (1Φ) = V
Single Phase PSCC: ZTotal

PSCC (2Φ) = VLinee

Two Phase PSCC:
2 x ZLine

Page 21
 EXAMPLE 12
PSCC FOR A THREE PHASE SUPPLY: [PAGE 270 – 272]

1. Calculate the PSCC for a three phase fault if the following is given:

• Transformer capacity 200kVA at 400/250 volts

• Transformer protection 200 ampere per phase
• 50mm2 4‐core copper cable + ECC of 100 meters
• Z% of the transformer is 5% (ohm)

2. Calculate the touch voltage at the load if the ECC is the same size as one of the phase conductors.

3. What is the total loop impedance for the circuit?

Page 153
 1. Calculate The PSCC For A Three Phase Fault:
In section 8.5.4 on Page 271 we are given that: ZTransformer = V2 x Z%
P x 103 100

Where, ZTransformer – is the source transformer impedance (in Ω)

V – is the phase‐to‐phase voltage in volts: 400V
P – is the power of the transformer (in kVA): 200kVA
Z% – isi the
th rated
t d short‐circuit
h t i it iimpedance
d voltage
lt off the
th transformer,
t f expressed
d as a percentage:
t 5%

ZTransformer = 4002 x 5
200 x 103 100
ZTransformer = 0,04Ω

Now, get the values of R and X from Table E1 for 50mm2 cable: R = 0.44 and X = 0.076 in Ω/Km. From Page 272 we are
given: ZConductor = L x √(R2 + X2)
1000

Where, ZConductor – is the impedance of the phase conductor (in Ω): ?

L – is the length of the cable,
cable in meters: 100m
R – is the conductor resistance, in Ω/Km from Table E.1: 0.44Ω/Km
X – is the conductor reactance, in Ω/Km from Table E.1: 0.076Ω/Km

Page 154
 ZConductor = 100 x (√(0.442 + 0.0762)
1000
ZConductor = 0.0446515Ω
In section 8.5.3 on Page
g 271 we are ggiven that:
PSCC = V
√3 x ZTotal
Where,
PSCC – is the three phase prospective short circuit current to be calculated
V – is the phase‐to‐phase voltage in volts
ZTotal – is the total impedance of the upstream network, in ohms (including the source transformer
impedance and the impedance of the phase conductor) in Ω.
ZTotal = ZTransformer + ZConductor

ZTotal = 0,04Ω + 0.0446515Ω = 0.0846515Ω

PSCC = V
√3 x ZTotal

PSCC = 400V
(1.7320508 x 0.0846515)

PSCC = 2728.1296Amps

PSCC = 2.7281296kA

Page 155
 2. Calculate The Touch Voltage At The Load If The ECC Is The Same Size As One Of The Phase Conductors:

ZECC = ZConductor = 0.0446515Ω

Touch Voltage = 2 x ICB x ZECC

Touch Voltage = 2 x 200A x 0.0446515Ω

Touch Voltage = 17.8606V

3. What Is The Total Loop

p Impedance
p For The Circuit?

The total earth fault loop impedance is the sum of the transformer coil winding resistance, phase conductor
resistance and protective conductor (PE or PEN) resistance.

ZLoop = ZTransformer + ZConductor + ZECC

ZLoopp = 0.04Ω + 0.0446515Ω + 0.0446515Ω

ZLoop = 0.129303Ω

Page 156