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NATURAL LANGUAGE PROCESSING (NLP)

Unit wise Important Questions
Unit-1
1) Design a finite state transducer with E-insertion orthographic rule that parses from
surface level “foxes” to lexical level “fox+N+PL” using FST.
2) Analyse how statistical methods can be used in machine translation
3) Explain the complexity approaches , Performances analysis, structure documents
4) How does the size and complexity of documents affect the performance of approaches
used to find document structure? Explain with examples.
5) Compare and contrast morphological models used in natural language processing,
highlighting their key features, advantages, and disadvantages. Support your answer with
relevant examples.
6) What is Natural Language Processing and NLP algorithm? Discuss with some
applications.
7) Compare and contrast different approaches used to find the structure of documents,
considering metrics like precision, recall, and F1 score. Discuss factors influencing their
performance and provide examples.
8) List the methods of Word components
9) Analyze the usage of feature structures in NLP.
10) What methods are used to discover the structure of documents? Explain their
strengths, limitations, and factors like computational complexity and accuracy. Provide
examples.
11) What is the concept of finding the structure of documents in natural language
processing, and why is it important? Discuss potential applications and benefits of
analyzing document structure.
12) What are the challenges in identifying the structure of words in natural language
processing? How do these challenges impact word analysis accuracy? Offer possible
solutions and examples.
Unit-2
1) Explain the parsing of NLP
2) Explain the concept of treebanks as a data-driven approach to syntax analysis. Discuss
how treebanks are created, their role in training parsing models, and their importance in
natural language processing tasks. Provide examples.
3) Explain data –driven mechanism
4) Explain the models of ambiguity resolution
5) Explain the Multilingual issues
6) Define Parsing, Treebanlk, Syntax , Multilingual and List the parsing algorithms
7) What is parsing in natural language processing, and why is it significant? Discuss the
challenges and issues encountered during the syntax analysis phase. Provide examples.

Prepared by Chennuri Nagendra Sai (Asst.prof)

 For complete BTECH CSE, AIML, DS subjects tutorials visit : ns lectures youtube channel

8) Describe the different approaches and formalisms used to represent syntactic structure
in natural language processing. Compare and contrast these approaches, highlighting
their advantages and limitations.
9) Explain popular parsing algorithms such as top-down parsing, bottom-up parsing, and
Earley parsing. Compare their efficiency, complexity, and accuracy. Provide examples.
10) Discuss the models used for ambiguity resolution in parsing. Explain how these
models address the challenge of syntactic ambiguity in natural language processing.
Discuss techniques like probabilistic parsing and rule-based disambiguation, and their
effectiveness. Provide examples.
11) Explain the challenges in syntax analysis when parsing multiple languages and the
strategies employed to handle them. Discuss cross-lingual parsing techniques and their
advantages and limitations. Provide examples and case studies.

UNIT 3
1) Explain Yarowsky’s algorithm for Word Sense Disambiguation.
2) List out popular lexical resources used in the processing of natural language text.
3) Give some examples of early NLP Systems.
4) Explain about Homonymy, Polysemy, Hypernyms and Hyponyms with suitable example.
5) What are System Paradigms in Predicates.
6) What is word sense system, semantic, system paradigm and List the semantic rules.
7) Explain in detail about semantic interpretation.
8) Explain the methods of word sense systems
9) Explain the software’s associated with sematic interpretation
10) What is semantic parsing in natural language processing? How does the process of
semantic interpretation contribute to understanding the meaning of sentences? Provide
examples.
11) Describe different system paradigms used in semantic parsing, including rule-based
systems, statistical systems, and hybrid systems. Discuss their features, advantages, and
limitations. Provide examples.
12) What are the challenges and techniques involved in building word sense systems?
Explain the importance of word sense disambiguation in semantic parsing. Discuss
different approaches, such as knowledge-based and supervised learning-based methods,
used for word sense disambiguation. Provide examples.
13) Explain the software and tools used for semantic parsing in natural language
processing. Discuss popular software frameworks and libraries that support semantic
parsing tasks. Describe their key features and capabilities. Provide examples of their
usage in semantic parsing applications

Prepared by Chennuri Nagendra Sai (Asst.prof)

 For complete BTECH CSE, AIML, DS subjects tutorials visit : ns lectures youtube channel

UNIT 4
1) What is predicate-argument structure in natural language processing? How does it
represent the relationships between predicates and their arguments in sentences? Provide
examples..
2) What is Semantic Role labeling? Write the Algorithm for SRL
3) Explain Base Phrase Chunking with an example
4) Explain in detail about meaning representation system
5) Write short notes on how to handle Semantics
6) Define argument structure,structure management,representation, Predicate Logic and
Give example for predicate logic
7) Explain in detail about argument structure in NLP
8) Explain in detail about predicate logic with examples
9) Discuss different meaning representation systems in natural language processing, such
as Logical Form (LF), Abstract Meaning Representation (AMR), and Lexical Conceptual
Structure (LCS). Explain their key features, characteristics, and compare their advantages
and limitations.
10) Explain the software tools and frameworks used for predicate-argument structure
analysis in natural language processing. Discuss popular tools and libraries that support
the extraction and analysis of predicate-argument structures. Provide examples of their
usage.
11) Describe software tools and frameworks used for meaning representation in natural
language processing. Explain their key features and capabilities. Provide examples of their
usage in meaning representation tasks.
12) How do meaning representation systems facilitate the representation and
understanding of meaning in natural language processing? Discuss their role in NLP tasks
like question answering, information extraction, and machine translation. Provide
examples to support your answer.
13) Describe the process of identifying and extracting predicate-argument structures from
sentences. Discuss the challenges and techniques involved, providing examples to
support your answer.

UNIT 5
Short answer questions:
1) State the types of References used in Discourse Analysis.
2) Explain Anaphora resolution with the help of an example.
3) Discuss in detail the concept of Discourse structure with example.

Prepared by Chennuri Nagendra Sai (Asst.prof)

 For complete BTECH CSE, AIML, DS subjects tutorials visit : ns lectures youtube channel

4) Explain various constraints and preferences for Reference resolution with example.
5) Consider the following training set. I am a human
I am not a robot
I live in Hyderabad
Test sentence: I am not
Implement Bi-gram model to calculate the probability of given test sentence.
6) Explain various types of coherence relations with examples.
7) Explain Language adaptation model in detail.
8) Define cohension, reference resolution, discourse cohension, modeling, crosslingual
9) Explain in detail about a) reference resolution b) discourse of cohesion c) N- Gram
Models d) language specific models

Long answer questions:

1. What is discourse processing in natural language processing? Discuss the
importance of coherence in discourse and the techniques used to achieve
cohesion. Provide examples.
2. Describe the process of reference resolution in discourse processing. Discuss the
challenges and techniques involved in resolving references to maintain coherence.
Provide examples.
3. Provide an introduction to language modeling in natural language processing.
Discuss the purpose and applications of language models, emphasizing their role in
tasks such as speech recognition, machine translation, and text generation.
4. Explain N-gram models and their use in language modeling. Discuss the concept of
N-grams, their representation, challenges, advantages, and limitations. Provide
examples.
5. Discuss the evaluation of language models. Explain the metrics and techniques
used for evaluation, as well as the challenges and limitations involved in evaluating
language models.
6. Explain parameter estimation techniques in language modeling, including maximum
likelihood estimation and smoothing methods. Provide examples to illustrate your
answer.
7. Describe language model adaptation techniques, addressing the challenges and
methods used to adapt models to specific domains or genres. Discuss techniques
such as domain adaptation and transfer learning. Provide examples.
8. Discuss different types of language models, including neural language models,
statistical language models, and hybrid models. Compare and contrast their
features, advantages, and limitations. Provide examples.

Prepared by Chennuri Nagendra Sai (Asst.prof)

 For complete BTECH CSE, AIML, DS subjects tutorials visit : ns lectures youtube channel

9. Discuss language-specific modeling problems in multilingual and cross-lingual

language modeling. Explain the challenges and techniques used to address
language-specific issues. Provide examples and case studies.
10. Discuss the relationship between discourse cohesion and discourse structure.
Explain how cohesive devices contribute to the overall structure and organization of
discourse. Provide examples to illustrate your answer.

Prepared by Chennuri Nagendra Sai (Asst.prof)