Unit

3  
Software

Software  
Source:  http://tinyurl.com/qd3v65t  

Overview

We saw in the unit 2 that there exist many types of computers designed for various purposes. In
examining the basic components of a computer system we also saw how the computer processes
data with the use of a central processing unit (CPU/microchip). This was from a hardware
perspective. However, computer hardware cannot accomplish this on its own. There is a need
for a medium to sit between the user (request or task) and the underlying hardware. That
medium is called software.

This unit therefore examines two categories of software that are used to have the computer
complete specific tasks. You should note that software is able to send the right messages
different hardware devices and other peripherals so that they can accomplish the requested tasks.
The two categories of software that we will examine are: systems software and application
software.

The difference between the two can be summarized as follows: application software is what
users require to complete their tasks while system software is the software that interfaces
between the hardware to perform what is requested by the application software.

MGMT1000  Introduction  to  Computers  Unit  3  Version  1   Page  1  

Unit 3 Learning Objectives

By the end of this unit you will be able to:

1. Explain the purpose of system software.

2. Distinguish among the three major categories of system software.
3. Outline the interaction between the user and the computer and the role of system software
to support this interaction.
4. Distinguish among the different types of useful application software
5. Explain the word processing document life cycle
6. Appreciate the usefulness of spreadsheet software for business

This unit comprises two sessions as follows:

Session 3.1: Systems Software

Session 3.2: Application software

Readings & Resources

Required Reading:
National Open University of Nigeria. (2010). CIT101 Introduction To Computers [Courseware].
Retrieved from http://tinyurl.com/nwkq6pd – Read Units 7 to 8.

MGMT1000  Introduction  to  Computers  Unit  3  Version  1   Page  2  

Session 3.1

Systems Software

Introduction

There are three major categories (types) of systems software that are a part of all computer
systems. This software ensures that the hardware and application programs can effectively
communicate with each other. In this session, we will examine these categories of system
software:

1. Operating systems (OS)

2. Utility programs, and
3. Language translators

On completion of this session, you will be able to better appreciate the purpose that each type of
system software serves and how they work together to ensure effectiveness of the computer on a
whole.

Learning Objectives

On completion of this session, you will be able to:

• Describe the purpose of system software
• Explain the purpose of the different operating systems
• Describe the various user interfaces
• Explain the purpose of utility programs
• Outline the characteristics of language translators

MGMT1000  Introduction  to  Computers  Unit  3  Version  1   Page  3  

Operating Systems

One type of system software is the Operating system. It is impossible for a computer to work
without an operating system (OS). Why? Simply put, the computer hardware needs something
or a mechanism by which instructions are given to tell the computer what to do – such as when
and how to: a) display output to the screen or monitor; b) print; c) perform calculations in an
application; d) accept data input; or d) o store data – ultimately it is needed for everything we
engage the computer to do. In general, an OS is used for:

1. Starting the computer (also called ‘booting’): for example, when you press the start
button of your system Unit, the first set of instructions that cause images to appear on the
screen are OS instructions. To understand what you are seeing, visit page 7 of the
following URL: http://www.slideshare.net/bbp2067/ch08-os-n-utility

Windows Startup Screens (1985-2009) Diagnosing Windows Stuck in a reboot loop

Source:  http://tinyurl.com/n9wxex3   Source: http://tinyurl.com/pto9ov3
 

2. Managing and monitoring other programs: your OS keeps an eye on all the software
programs that you are running at the time and can send you messages if something goes
wrong with one of them,

The Funniest Windows Error Messages You Have Ever Seen

Source:  http://tinyurl.com/cr3v4om  

MGMT1000  Introduction  to  Computers  Unit  3  Version  1   Page  4  

 3. Memory management: your OS will ensure that the RAM memory chip is being used
effectively and that programs that are idle have their instructions placed in a special area
on the hard disk drive which will be a type of virtual RAM memory.

4. Communications management: Your OS will manage your internet connection so that

you can “surf the web or send emails” without having to worry about the many
protocols/rules for sending and receiving this data behind the scenes (Study.com,
“Communication Services”, para. 1). People usually do not realize how many protocols
are to be managed to stay connected to the internet but the OS manages this for us. Each
time a user visits a webpage or interacts with the internet in some way, the Ethernet or
network connections are managed by the OS so that all communication over the network
works smoothly.

5. The management of peripheral devices: - the OS is able to ensure that devises run
smoothly. For example it will ensure that jobs sent to the printer are queued.

6. Enabling interaction between the computer system and the user who is using external
input devices: - the OS It is also for example, able to use special software called drivers
to know exactly how to get different devices to work for the user.

7. Monitoring and security of access to data and applications: - Your OS is able to provide
security logon screens to allow restricted access to data or information that is stored or
application use or downloads.

See page 4 of the following link to see the other functions of an operating system
http://www.slideshare.net/bbp2067/ch08-os-n-utility.

Required - Useful links/Resources

From your required course text (electronic, see the Readings and Resources
section above) and below, read pages 81 to 95 to learn more about the OS and its
function and categories:
National Open University of Nigeria (n.d.). CIT 104 Introduction to
Computer [ecourseware]. Retrieved from http://tinyurl.com/qcotkfj

Also view the following slides which are found at the following link:

• Slideshare.com (2007). Discovering Computers Chapter 8 Operating

Systems and Computer Programs. Retrieved from
http://tinyurl.com/neh2o8p - View slides 3, 4, 6,7, 13, 16 & 19

MGMT1000  Introduction  to  Computers  Unit  3  Version  1   Page  5  

 Learning Activity 3.1 The World of Operating Systems

Task A

Instructions: In your online journal, please identify a number of tasks that are carried
out by all operating systems. Then in your own words describe what the most critical
functions are carried out by operating systems. .

Task B

You are now asked to mark the page that this activity is on and copy the following
instructions on a piece of paper before carrying them out. You will need to also shut
down your computer and wait 10 seconds before carrying out the instructions below:

1. Observe how the OS / system software starts your computer by pressing the start
button on your system Unit and observing and writing down what you are able to see
come up on the monitor. Compare what you see with what your colleagues see on
their monitors. Don't worry if you don't quite understand everything you are seeing
(see page 7 of the following link if needed http://tinyurl.com/neh2o8p).

2. Give an example of when you think you have seen your operating system do each of
the following tasks. Provide a picture for each example if you can:

a) Managing and monitoring another programme,

b) Communications management
c) The management of a peripheral device, like a printer
d) Installation and use of a driver to
e) Provide security to access data and restrictions for downloading applications

Task C

Instructions. Use the following links below as well as your own research to assist
you in listing as many modern operating systems as you can, especially those you have
either used or seen being used within your online learning Journal. I’ll give to a head
start – Android.

• Ford, S. (n.d.). Computer Software: Basics of Operating Systems [Video file].

Retrieved from http://www.oercommons.org/courses/computer-software-
03-03-basics-of-operating-system/view

• Ford, S. (n.d.). Computer Software: Types of Operating System [Video file].

Retrieved from http://www.oercommons.org/courses/computer-software-
03-04-types-of-operating-system/view

MGMT1000  Introduction  to  Computers  Unit  3  Version  1   Page  6  

User Interface
But how does a user interact with a computer to complete a task? In order to interact with the
computer, a user uses a part of the operating system called a user interface. The functions of the
user interface are to start application programs, manage secondary storage, such as hard disks, as
well as manipulate files and folders, and finally shut down the computer safely.

Three principal types of interfaces are:

1. Graphical user interface (GUI, pronounced ‘gooey’)
2. Menu-driven interface, and
3. Command-line interface.

Useful Link/Resource

Visit the following link to learn more about user interfaces.

• WikiBooks (2015). System software: User interfaces. Retrieved from

http://tinyurl.com/ptloax4
 

Learning Activity 3.2 Is that an Interface for You?

Instructions: Graphical user interfaces (GUIs) are found on many computers. Why
do computers need a user interface? List as three 3 other interfaces that were not
been referred to in this unit and explain where you have seen them being used in
real life. Use the following link and the one above to assist you, as well as your
additional research.

• GCS Learn Free (n.d.). Computer Basics: Understanding Operating

Systems Retrieved from
http://www.gcflearnfree.org/computers/computerbasics/2

Useful Link/Resource

Do you want to know more about the projected future of operating

systems? Then view the following resource on this:

• Awadallah, A. (2012). Introducing Apache Hadoop: The Modern

Data Operating System [Video file]. Retrieved from
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d2xeNpfzsYI

MGMT1000  Introduction  to  Computers  Unit  3  Version  1   Page  7  

Utility Programs

Any system needs support and Utility programs provide just this support to the operating system.
These programs are the tools that help the operating system manage the computer system’s
secondary or non-priority jobs. These jobs are repetitive in nature. Some examples of utility
programs include:

1) Antivirus software,
2) Backup software,
3) Disk defragmentation,
4) Disk scanning,
5) File compression software,
6) File management programs, and
7) Searching software.

Often, these programs are automatically loaded into memory when the system is booted and
they operate in the background at the same time as the application program. Often you do not
know they are working until they send you a message like “Virus detected, click here to
eliminate”. Only then does the user need to engage some form of interface to take the appropriate
action. Table 1 below list examples of utility programs and a brief description their functions.

Utility Program Function

Antivirus software Protects the computer from computer viruses.
Examples are McAfee and Zone Alarm.
Backup software Used to copy data from the hard disk to
another storage medium in cases of emergency.
Disk Defragmentation Re-organizes data on a storage device to
improve performance.
Disk Scanning Involves disk-scanning utilities to detect and
fix errors on storage devices, or disk cleanup
utilities that remove unused or unnecessary
files that are no longer needed.
File Compression Reduces the size of a file, folder or directory.
Popular utility is WinZip and WinRar.
Windows OSs come with their built in file
compression utility.
File Management Stores files in a hierarchical structure, to enable
various tasks such as creating, deleting,
copying and moving files, folders, and
directories
Search programs Used to find files, folders or directories on
storage devices.
Table 1 Utility Program examples. Source: Lemley, L. (2004). Discovering Computers, Chapter
8, Retrieved from http://uwf.edu/clemley/cgs1570w/notes/Concepts-8.htm

MGMT1000  Introduction  to  Computers  Unit  3  Version  1   Page  8  

 Learning Activity 3.3 Finding a solution

Instructions: Having read and ‘digested’ the above information on utility programs and
with your own research answer the following questions in a relevant discussion forum.

1) Outline the actions that need to be taken for you to get four (4) of the above
mentioned utility programs to offer an interface; for you to get them to do
something for you.

2) If you were to share a computer with four other family members for three months
but you noticed an increase in files and folders from the various projects and
assignments and that quite a few files were temporarily downloaded from the
Internet; say which utility programs would be appropriate, not only to organize the
many files and folders, but which would enhance the user experience on this
computer and protect its functioning.

Language Translators

Now lastly we will take a look at a general view of how the (application) programs work with the
use of language translators.

Language translators convert the data in a program (called source code) into machine language
code (called object code) which is the most basic language that all computers can understand.
This means that whether you are using a laptop, android computer, tablet PC or some other
computer device, any program that is used can be converted, by a language translator, into this
basic machine code language for any computer to process. The main purpose of translating
source code to object code is to convert any given program into machine language so that
computer systems which would not normally be able to understand the original source code, can
obey the source code instructions and produce the desired results of a given programme or
application.

An example of different types of language translators are compilers and interpreters. The
compiler is a computer program or in some cases a set of programs that translates another
program’s source code into object code all at once, while the interpreter is a set of programs that
translate the application program’s source code, one line at a time while the program is running.

MGMT1000  Introduction  to  Computers  Unit  3  Version  1   Page  9  

 Useful Links/Resources : More on Language Translators

• WikiBooks. (2015). Fundamentals of Computer Systems: Types of program translator.

Retrieved from https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/A-
level_Computing/AQA/Computer_Components,_The_Stored_Program_Concept_and_the
_Internet/Fundamentals_of_Computer_Systems/Types_of_program_translator
• Kumar, V. (2013). Basics of Programming. Retrieved from
http://vijaybhargav05bop.blogspot.com/2013/03/assembler-compiler-interpreter-
linker.html

Session 3.1 Summary

 
The following presents a summary of the major systems software concepts examined in this unit:

• System software is comprised of the Operating system and Utility software.

• System software is able to monitor various activities of the computer so that it functions
efficiently.

• The operating system is comprised of a set of programs that can work with peripheral devices
and the computer hardware, to control and organize the general operating functions of the
computer.

• Utility programs are tools that help the operating system manage the computer system’s
secondary or non-priority jobs.
• A platform of a computer system is the underlying hardware and software that allows it to
function.

• The functions of the user interface are: to start application programs, manage secondary
storage, such as hard disks, as well as manipulate files and folders, and finally, to shut down
the computer safely.

• The Graphical User Interface (GUI) uses graphics or icons which represent various tasks.

• The command-line interface requires the user to type keywords or commands at a prompt, in
order to enter data or execute commands.

• Language translators are those systems programs that convert the data in a program (source
code) into machine language code (object code) that the computer can then process.

MGMT1000  Introduction  to  Computers  Unit  3  Version  1   Page  10  

  
Session 3.2

Application Software

Introduction

Application programs are used to assist the user in completing specialised workplace tasks,
personal tasks when using the computer. They are the programs that a regular user sees and
manipulates. This includes word processing, spreadsheet, graphic presentations software and
others. This session examines some categories of application software, and looks at their
capacity to enhance a user’s productivity.

Learning Objectives

• On completion of this session, you will be able to:

• Give examples of application software
• Explain the difference between application software and system software
• Compare different types of application software
• Explain the word processing document life cycle
• Identify general word processing features
• Explain the mail merge process
• Explain the types of spreadsheet data
• Demonstrate the usefulness of functions and formulas
• Describe the features of presentation software
• Demonstrate how to produce a simple presentation

MGMT1000  Introduction  to  Computers  Unit  3  Version  1   Page  11  

Personal Productivity Applications

Personal productivity applications serve the needs of various users and have several sub-
categories. Generally, personal productivity software includes word processing, spreadsheet,
presentation, and database programs.

Another type of productivity software includes Internet application programs, such as Web
browsers and electronic mail programs.

Multi-media or graphics applications (like GIMP or Photoshop) use desktop publishing, as well
as editing of photos and graphics, while home and educational applications include personal
finance programs, tax preparation programs (like QuickBooks), reference software and game
playing software (like Solitaire).

These personal productivity programs are usually stand-alone programs which do not depend on
other application software to function. However, there are some applications whose interfaces
are the same, and which can share their data and resources with each other. These applications
together are called software suites, and some examples are Microsoft Office - which is the most
popular, Corel WordPerfect Office, and Lotus SmartSuite.

There is also a free counterpart called Open Office (for access to this free software visit URL
https://www.openoffice.org/product/index.html). You will find that all word processing
software is designed based on the document life cycle. The word processing document life cycle,
includes creating a document, editing or modifying the document, formatting the document,
saving and finally printing to provide a hard copy.

Required - Useful link/Resource

From your required course text (electronic, see the Readings and Resources section
above) and below, read pages 99 to 102 to learn more about application software and
categories of it:

National Open University of Nigeria (n.d.). CIT 104 Introduction to

Computer [ecourseware]. Retrieved from http://tinyurl.com/qcotkfj

MGMT1000  Introduction  to  Computers  Unit  3  Version  1   Page  12  

 Learning Activity 3.4 More Computer Applications

Instructions: Through your own research and with the assistance of the link below,
consider the different tasks that you could possibly conduct using word processing
or spreadsheet software at your own office or place of work but which you do not
currently know how to do as efficiently as you would like to. Share this with
your colleagues in a relevant online discussion forum.

Also provide the names of at least two (2) project management application
packages. Make note of this in the appropriate

• Litten, D. (2012). Learn Microsoft Project In 16 minutes [Video file].

Retrieved from  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sPwURRG9_Gs  

Let’s get practical with the final learning activity below. This activity is only a starter as you
will get greater experience using presentation, word processing and spreadsheet software in your
synchronous online sessions. In addition, see the Course Outline and look below for the links to
manuals for your application software practical sessions.

Useful Links/Resources

Moffat, S. (2011). Excel 2010 Introduction: Part I Formulas, Functions and Formatting
Retrieved from http://bookboon.com/en/excel-2010-introduction-part-i-ebook

Frandsen. T. L. (2010).Microsoft Office WORD 2007. Retrieved from

http://bookboon.com/en/microsoft-office-word-ebook

Frandsen. T. L. (2010).Microsoft Office Excel. Retrieved from

http://bookboon.com/en/microsoft-office-excel-ebook

Frandsen. T. L. (2010).Microsoft Office PowerPoint. Retrieved from

http://bookboon.com/en/microsoft-office-powerpoint-ebook

MGMT1000  Introduction  to  Computers  Unit  3  Version  1   Page  13  

 Learning Activity 3.5 Computer Applications at ‘Work’

Instructions: Through your own research and with the assistance of the link
below, do one of the following tasks:

a) Open your own spreadsheet software and investigate how spreadsheets can
be used to create different types of graphs or charts such as line, bar and pie
charts. Try and enter some data and create a graph.

OR

b) Open your own word processing program and attempt one of the tasks that
you stated that you would like to do more efficiently in the activity above. You
can gain the assistance of your Peers or conduct research to find out how this
task can be done.

Hint: Some spreadsheet programs have extensive help features and/or tutorials.
Review some of the tutorials.

• Motion Training (2012). Excel 2010 Tutorial For Beginners #1 -

Overview [Video file]. Retrieved from
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eI_7oc-E3h0
• Motion Training (2012). Excel 2010 Tutorial For Beginners #2 -
Overview [Video file]. Retrieved from
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pPSwbK4_GdY
• View the other videos in the serious as well.
 

Useful Links/Resources

Here are some more practical videos of application software use which can be
used to help with the learning activity above.

• Computer Tutorials (2013).  Microsoft Word 2010 Tutorial for Beginners.

Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zQWT6tpfVf0
• Motion Training (2013).  PowerPoint 2010 Tutorial for Beginners #1.
Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sbeyPahs-ng
• Simon
Learning Activity 5.2 Sez IT (2011).  Mail Merge in Microsoft Office Word 2010 - Part 1.
Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cx6Ve-kwLxU
•

MGMT1000  Introduction  to  Computers  Unit  3  Version  1   Page  14  

 
Session 3.2 Summary
 
The following presents a summary of the major application software concepts examined in this
unit:

• Application software is what users require to complete their tasks, while system software
includes the software that interfaces between the user and the hardware to perform what is
required by the application software.

• Personal productivity software programs are usually stand-alone programs which do not
depend on other application software to function.

• The word processing document life cycle, includes creating a document, editing or modifying
the document, formatting the document, saving and finally printing to provide a hard copy.

• Mail merge is one of the powerful features of word processing software which makes it easy
to create personalized letters and reports.

• Electronic spreadsheets organize and eliminate much of the tedious tasks of performing
numerical calculations manually. Spreadsheets produce graphs based on the data given in a
visual, easily understood format.

• The usefulness of presentation software includes the easy updating or rearrangement of the
slide content, and the inclusion of multi-media to enhance the audience’s understanding of
the content.

MGMT1000  Introduction  to  Computers  Unit  3  Version  1   Page  15  

UNIT SUMMARY  

In this Unit we learnt that system software plays an important role in the proper functioning of a
computer system. This unit explained the three main programs that comprise system software,
namely operating systems, utility programs and language translators. Of course different types of
system software are necessary for the different types of operating systems available.

The user interface was also discussed as a mediator between the user and the computer system,
to ensure that the computer system performs certain complex or other mundane tasks for the
user.

This unit also introduced personal productivity software or applications software which are
stand-alone programs that do not depend on other applications to function. Some popular
application software programs discussed were for word processing, spreadsheet analysis, and
presentations. You will have the opportunity in your synchronous online tutor sessions to have
practical use of the some of the applications software mentioned above.

MGMT1000  Introduction  to  Computers  Unit  3  Version  1   Page  16  

References

Awadallah, A. (2012). Introducing Apache Hadoop: The Modern Data Operating System [Video
file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d2xeNpfzsYI
Computer Tutorials (2013).  Microsoft Word 2010 Tutorial for Beginners. Retrieved
from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zQWT6tpfVf0
DefconComputers (2009). Diagnosing Windows Stuck in a reboot loop. [Online image].
Retrieved from http://tinyurl.com/pto9ov3
Ford, S. (n.d.). Computer Software: Basics of Operating Systems [Video file]. Retrieved from
http://www.oercommons.org/courses/computer-software-03-03-basics-of-
operating-system/view
Ford, S. (n.d.). Computer Software: Types of Operating System [Video file]. Retrieved from
http://www.oercommons.org/courses/computer-software-03-04-types-of-
operating-system/view
Frandsen. T. L. (2010).Microsoft Office Excel. Retrieved from
http://bookboon.com/en/microsoft-office-excel-ebook
Frandsen. T. L. (2010).Microsoft Office PowerPoint. Retrieved from
http://bookboon.com/en/microsoft-office-powerpoint-ebook
Frandsen. T. L. (2010).Microsoft Office WORD 2007. Retrieved from
http://bookboon.com/en/microsoft-office-word-ebook
GCS Learn Free (n.d.). Computer Basics: Understanding Operating Systems Retrieved from
http://www.gcflearnfree.org/computers/computerbasics/2
Kumar, V. (2013). Basics of Programming. Retrieved from
http://vijaybhargav05bop.blogspot.com/2013/03/assembler-compiler-interpreter-
linker.html
Lemley, L. (2004). Discovering Computers, Chapter 8, Retrieved from
http://uwf.edu/clemley/cgs1570w/notes/Concepts-8.htm
Litten, D. (2012). Learn Microsoft Project in 16 minutes [Video file]. Retrieved from
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sPwURRG9_Gs
Moffat, S. (2011). Excel 2010 Introduction: Part I Formulas, Functions and Formatting Retrieved
from http://bookboon.com/en/excel-2010-introduction-part-i-ebook
Moose875, (2010). The Funniest Windows Error Messages You Have Ever Seen [Online image].
Retreived from http://tinyurl.com/cr3v4om  
Moriss (2010).Windows Startup Screens (1985-2009). [Online image]. Retrieved from
http://tinyurl.com/n9wxex3
Motion Training (2012). Excel 2010 Tutorial For Beginners #1 - Overview [Video file].
Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eI_7oc-E3h0

MGMT1000  Introduction  to  Computers  Unit  3  Version  1   Page  17  

Motion Training (2012). Excel 2010 Tutorial For Beginners #2 - Overview [Video file].
Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pPSwbK4_GdY
Motion Training (2013).  PowerPoint 2010 Tutorial for Beginners #1. Retrieved
from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sbeyPahs-ng
National Open University of Nigeria. (2010). CIT101 Introduction to Computers [Courseware].
Retrieved from http://www.nou.edu.ng/uploads/NOUN_OCL/pdf/SST/CIT104-
INTRODUCTION%20TO%20COMPUTERS.pdf
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MGMT1000  Introduction  to  Computers  Unit  3  Version  1   Page  18