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PLC SCADA REPORT

PLC and Data Acquisition (SVKM's NMIMS)

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The World of Automation PLC and SCADA

An Internship report submitted
to

Dr. BABASAHEB AMBEDKAR TECHNOLOGICAL

UNIVERSITY
LONERE (M.S.), India

In partial
fulfillment for the
award of the Degree
of
Bachelor of Technology
in
Electrical
Engineering
by
Vishal Supadu Mahajan
(2054491293020)

Department of Electrical Engineering

Shri Vile Parle Kelavani Mandal’s Institute
of
Technology Dhule (M.S.)
Session: 2022 - 2023

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SESSION: 2022-23

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Vishal Supadu Mahajan studying in the VII semester
Electrical Engineering in the academic session 2022-23 of this college has completed
BTEEF711 Internship towards partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of
degree in Electrical Engineering of the Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Technological
University, P.O Lonere, Dist. Raigad Maharashtra.
The work has been carried to our entire satisfaction and it is a bonafide
presentation of work done by them under the guidance and supervision.

Prof. T M Shubham Dr. Vishal Moyal

Industrial Internship in Charge Head of the department

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CERTIFICATE BY THE EXAMINERS

The Internship report entitled “ The World of Automation in PLC and SCADA” Submitted
by Mr. Vishal Supadu Mahajan .
has been examined by the undersigned as a part of the examination and is hereby recommended
for the award of the degree of Bachelor of Technology in the faculty of Electrical Engineering
of Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Technological University, Lonere (M.S.) India.

Internal Examiner External Examiner

Date: Date:

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

It is a great pleasure and satisfaction to present Internship report on Automation

of PLC and SCADA at The World of Automation PLC and SCADA Pvt.Ltd.Pune
towards partial fulfillment of degree in Electrical Engineering course as presented by
Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Technological University, Lonare.

It takes me as a matter of pleasure to express my sincere thanks to Dr.Vishal Moyal,

Assistant Professor and Head of Electrical Engineering Department for his guidance
and suggestion during this Internship.

am also grateful to Dr. Namra Joshi, Mr. Gaurav Patil, Mr. Sandeep Ushkewar, Mr.
Jagdish More, Mrs. Farha Naaz, Mr. Shahid Akhtar, Mr. T M Shubham and Mr.
Ankush Mudholkar Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering for their
valuable help and guidance ,sharing expertise and sincere encouragement extended to
me.

I would also give my sincere thanks to principal Dr. Nilesh P Salunke, for giving
me an opportunity to do my degree in this reputed college.

I would like to thanks my parents for unceasing encouragement support and

attention. I am grateful to my colleague and friends.

Vishal Supadu Mahajan

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Table of Contents

Abstract ⅲ
List of Tables ⅳ
List of Figures ⅴ
List of Abbreviations ⅵ

Weekly Course Schedule

1. Week 1 0
1.1. Introduction of Automation 2
1.2. Automation Impacts 2
1.3. Advantages of Automation 3
1.4. Disadvantages of Automation 3
1.5. Applications of Automation 5
2. Week 2
2.1 Detail Introduction of PLC 7
2.2 PLC Architecture 8
2.3 Series in Delta PLC 9
2.4 Addressing Concept 10
2.5 Implementation of Logic Gates 11
2.6 Latching Concept 12
2.7 Timer Concept and Program Concept 13
2.8 Counter concept and Programming ON Concept 14
2.9 Mathematical Instruction and Programming 15
2.10 Compare Instruction and Programming 16
3. Social Impact 17
4. Outcome 18

5. Certificate 19
6. References 20

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Motivation
The is 21st century challenge vendors who are still promoting product “features” or
“benefits” to a world that is only interested in results, will not stay in business and
manufacturers who are just chasing new technology, will never complete in global
marketplace. The automation industry users and suppliers needs to strike the right balance
between technology innovation and marketing process improvement.

Over the past years, there has been a positive growth in the global industrial
automation industry. According to a report, industrial automation market is expected
to reach 153.83 Billion Dollars by 2022, growing at 5.10% between 2017 and 2022.
Moreover, usage of automation techniques is on the rise and is expected to continue
rising for the foreseeable future.

These expectations showcase that global industrial automation companies are preferring
automation to reduce manual labor inputs and decrease costs. It further eliminates the
requirement for many low-paying offshore jobs and allows the companies to increase
the need for high-skilled activities.

The major advantages of using automation are:

• Reduced direct human labor costs and expenses.

• Increased productivity.
• Enhanced consistency of processes or product.
• Delivery of quality products.

2.1 Need Industrial Automation:

The industrial world is facing many technological changes which increased the urgent
demand for the premium quality products and services that can only be supplied by
a high level of productivity. This requirement needs process engineering systems,
automated manufacturing, and industrial automation. Hence, industrial automation plays
a key role in solving the requirements of companies. It is extremely significant to
face the tasks

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Globalization – Global industrial automation market demands superior, practical services

Productivity – Automation companies want to enhance their productivity by producing

a higher level of Automation. The key factors include costs, time and quality.

On the other hand, industrial automation is all about working smarter, faster, and proficiently.
This makes automation more powerful and that’s why customers are looking for pioneering,
end-to-end technologies with open, modern architecture and new data from new connections.
As the industrial automation industry comprehends the advantages of the Internet of Things
(IoT), it is becoming essential that organizations adopt these technologies.

2.2 Industrial Automation Becomes a ‘Solutions’ Business:

Industrial automation refers the categorization of software and hardware and a mechanism
that combines them hardware & software. Moreover, it involves the process of rolling out
new features using advanced technology in business to reduce limitations. Automation can be
achieved by installing automated devices or embedded systems as well as automation
software performing the logical tasks and control the operation processes.

Implementation of these devices, software, and hardware will be the ‘Solution’ to deliver the
operation to be automated. These solutions are widely used nowadays to enhance efficiency
and productivity of businesses.

2.3 Future of Industrial Automation:

Industrial Automation is moving towards exceptional productivity spurred by superior energy

efficiency, rigorous safety standards, and better design. Instrumentation and controls have
always been a source of new products such as amplifiers, displays, control elements etc.

Automation has been using everywhere nowadays. PLC, SCADA, DCS, Process Instruments
etc. have made automation more reliable and powerful.

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Abstract

In any Industrial Automation there many instruments wired together in a network.

In order to make them functioning Programmable Logic controllers (PLC) are used.
Programmable Logic Controllers are industry based computers that are used to monitor
inputs and control the output based on the logic state of the input. Sometimes the
system is placed in remote locations and in order to control the functions of such
systems. This is known as (SCADA) Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition System.
SCADA is system that enables to control, monitor and coordinate devices and
components in real time from a remote location with acquisition of data for analysis
and planning from one central location.
Automation is a Greek word which means self-derived. Automation helps in improving
productivity and increasing work efficiency. It is a process in which a machine follows
a predetermined sequence of operation with or without human interference in a
manufacturing process. The main objective of Automation is to integrate
manufacturing process, to increase safety level as well as improve work productivity,
quality and efficiency and reduce labour cost. The basic automation processes are
power source, suitable inputs and outputs, proper feedback and commands. At present
the technology used in automation has been replaced by Programmable Logic
Controller (PLC), Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) and Distributed
Control System (DCS). Every method has a specific application and is chosen
according to the problem. Currently in the field of automation PLCs are used widely
due to increased efficiency and profit. There are so many applications of I2C protocol
in real time such as micro controller, wireless communication and many more.

iii

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List of Tables

Table. No. Heading Page No.

1 Week-1 1
2 Week-2 4

3 Addressing of Delta PLC 9

4 NOT Gate Truth Table 10

5 AND Gate Truth Table 11

6 OR Gate Truth Table 12

7 Compare Instructions in PLC 15

iv

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List of Figure

Fig. No. Heading Page No.

1 PLC Architecture System 6

2 NOT Gate represent in PLC 9

3 AND Gate represent in PLC 10

4 OR Gate represent in PLC 11

5 Latching concept 12

6 PLC Timer Program 13

7 PLC counter and Relay Counter 14

8 Counter-up and Counter down 14

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List of Abbreviations

Abbreviation Full form Sr.No

PLC Programmable Logic Controllers 1

ADD Addition 2

SUB Subtract 3

MUL Multiply 4

DIV Divide 5

CPU Central Processing Unit 6

SQR Square Root 7

Vi

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WEEKLY COURSE SCHEDULE

Table 1. Week 1

Date Timing Topic

7/09/2022 8 am to 12 pm Introduction of Automation

8/09/2022 8 am to 12 pm Automation Impacts

Advantages and Disadvantages
9/09/2022 8 am to 12 pm Application of Automation

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THE WORLD OF AUTOMATION PLC AND SCADA

1. Week-1

1.1 Introduction of Automation:

Automation or automatic control is the use of various control system for operating equipment
such as machinery, processes in factories, boilers and heat treating ovens, switching in telephone
networks, steering and stabilization of ships, aircraft and other application with minimal or reduced
human intervention. Some processes have been completely automated. The biggest benefit of
automation is that it saves labors, however it is also used to save energy and material and to improve
quality, accuracy and precision. The term automation, inspired by the earlier word automatic coming
from automation, was not widely used before 1947, when general motor established the automation
department.
Automation is the use of control system such as computers to control industrial machinery and
process, reducing the need for human intervention. In the scope of industrialization, automation is a
step beyond mechanization. Whereas mechanization provided human operators with machinery to
assist them with physical requirements of work, automation greatly reduces the need for human
sensory and mental requirement as well. Processes and systems can also be automated.

1.2 Automation Impacts:

1. It increase productivity and reduce cost
2. It gives emphasis on flexibility and convertibility of manufacturing process. Hence gives
manufacturers the ability to easily switch from manufacturing products.
3. Automation is now often applied primarily to increase quality in the manufacturing process,
where automation can increase quality substantially.
4. Increase the consistency of output.
5. Replacing humans in tasks done in dangerous environments.
1.3 Advantages of Automation:
1. Replacing human operators in tasks that involve the hard physical or monotonous work.
2. Performing tasks that are beyond human capabilities of size, weight, endurance etc.
3. Economy improvement: Automation may improve in economy of enterprises, society or most
of humanity

SVKM”s Institute of Technology, Dhule 1

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THE WORLD OF AUTOMATION PLC AND SCADA

1.4 Disadvantages of Automation:

1. Technology limits: Current technology is unable to automate all the desired tasks.
2. Unpredictable development costs: The research and development cost of automating a
process may exceed the cost saved by automation itself
3. High initial cost: The automation of new product or plant requires a huge initial
investment in comparison with the unit cost of the product.

1.5 Applications of Automation:

Automated iManufacturing:
Automated manufacturing refers to the application of automation to produce things in the
factory way. Most of the advantages of the automation technology has its influence in the
manufacture processes. The main advantage of automated manufacturing are higher
consistency and quality, reduced lead times, simplified production, reduced handling,
improved work flow, and increased worker morale when a good implementation of the
automation is made.
ii

Home iAutomation:
Home automation designated an emerging practice of increased automation of household
appliances and features in residential dwellings, particularly through electronic means that
allow for things impracticable, overly expensive or simply not possible recent past decades.

Industrial iAutomation:
Industrial automation deals with the optimization of energy efficient drive systems by precise
measurement and control technologies. Nowadays energy efficiency in industrial processes
are becoming more and more relevant. Semiconductor companies like Infineon technologies
are offering 8 bit microcontroller application for example found in motor controls, general
purpose pumps, fans and e-bikes to reduce energy consumption and thus increases efficiency.

SVKM”s Institute of Technology, Dhule 2

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2. WEEK-2

Table 2 Week-2

Date Timing Topic

Delta PLC:
10/8/2022 8 am to 12 pm Introduction of PLC,
Series in delta PLC,
Introduction to PLC software,

Addressing concept,
11/8/2022 8 am to 12 pm Implementation of logic
gates,
Latching concept and Holding concept.
Timer concept and Program on timer
12/8/2022 8 am to 12 pm Counter concept and programming ON counter

Compare Instruction and Programming

13/8/2022 8 am to 12 pm Mathematical Instruction and
Programming

14/8/2022 8 am to 12 pm Compare Instruction and Programming

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2.1 Detail Introduction of PLC

PLC stands for Programmable Logic Controllers. They are basically used to control
automated systems in industries. They are one of the most advanced and simplest forms of
control systems which are now replacing hard-wired logic relays at a large scale.
Programmable logic controllers (PLCs) is a new invention for our industries. After its
creation, our working in industries and controlling different devices has become very easier.
It replaced the wired relay system which was very complicated and difficult to handle. There
are many controlling systems exists but PLC importance can’t be denied. For different
automation procedure PLC is the best choice of controllers. Nowadays it integrates minor
circuitries, faster CPUs, network systems, and numerous Internet equipment.

PLCs were initially designed to replace electromechanical relay systems in order to offer a
simpler solution for modifying the operation of a control system. Rather than having to
rewire a large bank of relays, a quick download from a PC or programming devices enables
changes to the control logic in a matter of seconds.

PLC has become the most popular instrument for industries to control different processes that
is performing in the industry. It is an industry type computer that is programmable for
controlling functions. Due to its programmable capability wiring control system been
removed from industries like relays controlling. The main advantage is its programming
language is very simple there is no need to use specific tools like other computer languages
such as C, C++, etc.

Advantages of PLC:
1. They are user friendly and easy to operate.
2. They eliminate the need for hard-wired relay logic.
3. They are fast.
4. It is suitable for automation in industries.
5. Its input and output modules can be extended depending upon the requirements.

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2.2 PLC Architecture:

PLC System

Fig 1 PLC Architecture

Input/ Output Section: The input section or input module consists of devices like sensors,
switches, and many other real-world input sources. The input from the sources is connected
to the PLC through the input connector rails. The output section or output module can be a
motor or a solenoid or a lamp or a heater, whose functioning is controlled by varying the
input signals.

CPU or Central Processing Unit: It is the brain of the PLC. It can be a hexagonal or an octal
microprocessor. It carries out all the processing related to the input signals in order to control
the output signals based on the control program.

Programming Device: It is the platform where the program or the control logic is written. It
can be a handheld device or a laptop or a computer itself.

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Power Supply: It generally works on a power supply of about 24 V, used to power input and
output devices.

Memory: The memory is divided into two parts, the data memory and the program memory.
The program information or the control logic is stored in the user memory or the program
memory from where the CPU fetches the program instructions. The input and output signals
and the timer and counter signals are stored in the input and output external image memory
respectively.

2.3 Series in Delta PLC :

The AS Series Compact Modular Mid-range PLC is a high performance multi-purpose
controller designed for all kinds of automated equipment. It features Delta's self-developed
32- bit CPUs for enhanced execution speed (40k steps / ms) and supports up to 32 extension
modules or up to 1,024 inputs / outputs. The AS series provides accurate positioning control
for up to 8 axes via can open motion network and 6 axes via pulse control (200 kHz). It is
widely used in diverse automated equipment such as electronics manufacturing, labeling,
food packaging, and textile machines. The AS Series Controller is equipped with CAN open
and Ether Net/ IP network communication for high-speed data transmission. The professional
yet simple editing software ISP Soft delivers quick hardware and network configuration with
built- in function blocks for different industries. It also provides multi-layer password
protection for enhanced system security. The AS Series adopts a rack less design and patented
DIN rail clips for fast vertical module installation. The simple shape and dark gray exterior of
the AS series help resist stains and dirt in harsh industrial environments.

Delta's self-developed AS Series CPU provides 32-bit high-performance computing. As the

core of a high-efficiency controller, it helps increase productivity and adaptability to
demanding equipment.

1. Max. Number of inputs / outputs: 1,024

2. Program capacity: 128k steps
3. Data registers: 60k words
4. Max. Extension ability: 32 modules

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2.4 Addressing Concept

An “address” is essentially a means of referencing a location in memory. Addresses
allow for physical I/O as well as the data or status of instructions/elements to be accessed by
the controller. These values are stored in the Data Files portion of the PLCs memory.

There are five addressing mode:

1. Immediate addressing mode
2. Register addressing mode
3. Register indirect addressing mode
4. Direct addressing mode
5. Implicit addressing mode.

Addressing of Delta PLC

Digital Input X0-X177 Octal System i.e (X0 to X20 to X27).

Digital Output Y0-Y177 Octal System i.e(Y0 to Y20 to Y27).

Analog Input Need to Read Control Register using “ From” Instruction.

Analog Output Need to Write Control Register using “To” Instruction.

Timers T0 to T127 (T0 to T126 = TB 100ms).

For Timers Time Delay = Base Time.

Address Where X is address of timer used.

Table 3. Addressing of Delta PLC

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2.5 Implementation of Logic gates

Different types of ladder logic diagram that perform different logic gate functions.
Basically, there are five types of logic gates as below. Let’s see the explanation for each
logic gate with PLC implementation.

1. NOT Gate
2. AND Gate
3. OR Gate
4. NAND Gate
5. NOR Gate

1. NOT Gate: In electronics, NOT GATE is also called an ‘Inverter’ or ‘Buffer’.

 Working: NOT gate works as inversion. It takes one input and gives one output.
When the input is high then the output is low and vice-versa.

 Logic Gate Truth Table for NOT Gate:

Input Output
0 1
1 0

Table 4. NOT Gate Truth Table

 NOT Gate in PLC programming: In the case of PLC ladder, there will be a push
button to provide input. When (I1) is pressed then the coil (Q1) is on. And when Input
(I1) is released then coil Q1 is off.

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 Symbolic Representation:

Fig 2. NOT Gate represent in PLC

2. AND Gate

 Working: In AND Gate, when both inputs (I1 and I2) are high then the output (Q1)
will be high. For all other inputs, output (Q1) will be the low.

 Logic Gate Truth Table for AND Gate:

Input I1 Input I2 Output Q1

0 0 0

0 1 0

1 0 0

1 1 1

Table 5. AND Gate Truth Table

 AND Gate in PLC programming:

Using Ladder diagram programming, we are connecting two switches (I1 and I2) as input
and coil/lamp (Q1) as output. In the case of both switches (I1 and I2) are closed, the lamp
(Q1) will glow. In another case, if any of the switches (I1 or I2) are open then lamp (Q1)
will not glow.

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 Symbolic Representation:

Fig 3. AND Gate represent in PLC

3. OR Gate

 Working: If both inputs are low in the OR gate, then the output will be low. For all
other cases, the output will be high.

 Logic Gate Truth Table for OR Gate:

Input I1 Input I2 Output Q1

0 0 0

0 1 1

0 1 0

1 1 1

Table 6.OR Gate Truth Table

 OR Gate in PLC programming: In case both or anyone inputs (I1 and I2) are
closed then coil (Q1) will on.

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 Symbolic Representation:

Fig 4.OR Gate represent in PLC

In the above circuit diagram, switch (I1) is pressed then the coil (Q1) will be energized.
After releasing switch (I1), the energizing coil (Q1) is providing supply to switch (I2). Then
switch (I2) will become automatically activated.

2.6 Latching Concept:

Concept of Latching in PLC using relevant example. Draw a Ladder Logic to control
a bulb using push buttons in PLC with latching.

 I0.0: Start (ON) push button.

 I0.1: Stop (OFF) push button.
 Q0.0: output energize coil.
 Q0.0 (contact) : latch of output coil Q0.0

As soon as start push button is pressed, the contact I0.0 (N-O) becomes N-C. As the N-
O contact I0.1 is already becomes the N-C (because of the normally closed push button
in physical connections), the rung goes true and the coil (bulb) Q0.0 becomes energized.
Now, if the start push button is released then also the bulb will remain ON (here
comes the concept of latching.

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Fig 5. Latching Concept

As soon as the coil Q0.0 gets energized, the latched contact of this coil which is represented
as Q0.0 (N-O) becomes N-C and the logic will pass through this rung and remains the bulb
ON even if the start push button is released. If we want to switch OFF the bulb ,we simply
have to press the stop push button .Due to pressing of stop push button the contact I0.1
becomes N-O (normally open) and rung logic goes false, which in turn de-energizes the coil
Q0.0 and switches OFF the bulb.

2.7 Timer Concept and Program on Timer:

A timer is a PLC instruction measuring the amount of time. Timer instructions come in two
basic types: on-delay timers and off-delay timers. Both “on-delay” and “off-delay” timer
instructions have single inputs triggering the timed function. An “on-delay” timer activates an
output only when the input has been active for a minimum amount of time.

Take for instance this PLC program, designed to sound an audio alarm siren prior to starting a
conveyor belt. To start the conveyor belt motor, the operator must press and hold the “Start”
push-button for 10 seconds, during which time the siren sounds, warning people to clear
away from the conveyor belt that is about to start. Only after this 10-second start delay does
the motor actually start and latch “on”:

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 PLC Timer Program:

Fig 6. PLC Timer Program

Similar to an “up” counter, the on-delay timer’s elapsed time value increments once
per second until the preset time (PT) is reached, at which time its output (Q) activates.
In this program, the preset time value is 10 seconds, which means the Q output will
not activate until the “Start” switch has been depressed for 10 seconds. The alarm siren
output, which is not activated by the timer, energizes immediately when the “Start” push-
button is pressed.

2.8 Counter Concept and Programming ON Concept:

PLC counters are internal PLC instructions that can be used to count input or output
signals in the PLC program. These counters operate like relay counters but you
cannot hold a PLC counter in your hand and they do not need to be connected to
wires to operate.

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Fig 7. PLC counter and Relay Counter

 Types of PLCcounters

There are two main types of PLC counters, the count-up counter, and the count-down
counter.For the counter-up counters, we have a counter file name, a counter preset
value, a counter accumulated value, a counter count-up bit, and a counter done bit.
For the counter-down counters, we have the same bits and values. The only thing
that is different is the counter-down bit on the output. As you can see below, we
have this as counter-up bit for the counter-up counter.

Fig 8. Counter-up and Counter-down

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2.9 Mathematical Instructions and Programming:

The majorities of the instructions take two input values, perform the specified arithmetic
function, and output the result to an assigned memory location. For example, both the ADD
and SUB instructions take a pair of input values, add or subtract them, and place the result in
the specified destination. If the result of the operation exceeds the allowable value, an
overflow or underflow bit is set. To learn more about the math instructions, we suggest that
you read the Math Instructions Overview that follows.

1. Addition (ADD):
Use the ADD instruction to add one value (source A) to another value (source B) and place
the result in the destination.

2. Subtract (SUB):
Use the SUB instruction to subtract one value source B from another source A and place the
result in the destination.

3. Multiply (MUL):
Use the MUL instruction to multiply one value source A by another source B and place the
result in the destination.

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4. Divide (DIV):
Use the DIV instruction to divide one value source A by another source B. The rounded
quotient is then placed in the destination. If the remainder is 0.5 or greater, round up occurs
in the destination. The unrounded quotient is stored in the most significant word of the math
register. The remainder is placed in the least significant word of the math register.

5. Square Root (SQR):

When this instruction is evaluated as true, the square root of the absolute value of the source
is calculated and the rounded result is placed in the destination. The instruction calculates the
square root of a negative number without overflow or faults. In applications where the source
value may be negative, use a comparison instruction to evaluate the source value to
determine if the destination may be invalid.

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6. Scale with Parameters:

Use the SCP instruction to produce a scaled output value that has a linear relationship
between the input and scaled values. This instruction supports integer and floating point
values. Use this instruction with SLC 5/03 (OS302), SLC 5/04 (OS401), and SLC 5/05
processors

Use the following formula to convert analog input data to engineering

units: y = mx + b

Where:

y = scaled output

m = slope = (scaled MAX. – scaled MIN.) / (input MAX. – input

MIN.) x = input value

b = offset (y intercept) = scaled MIN – (input MIN. x m)

7. Ramp Instruction (RMP):

The Ramp (RMP) instruction provides the ability to create linear, acceleration, deceleration,
and “S” curve ramp output data wave forms. This instruction provides a means to ramp
analog outputs when using them to control devices such as valves.

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2.10 Compare Instruction and Programming:

EQU equal Test weather two values are equal.

NEQ Not equal Test weather one value is not equal to second value.

LEC Less than Test weather one value is less than second value.

LEQ Less than or Test weather one value is less than or equal to second value
equal

GRT Greater than Test weather one value is greater than another

GEQ Greater than Test weather one value is greater than or equal to
or equal second value

MEQ Masked Test portion of two values to see weather they are equal.
comparison for Compares data through the mask.

equal

LIM Limit test Test weather one value is within the limit range of two
other values

Table 7. Compare Instructions in PLC

Comparison instructions in PLC are used to test pairs of values to condition the
logical continuity of a rung.

As an example, suppose a LES instruction is presented with two values. If the first
value is less than the second, then the comparison instruction is true.

The data comparison instruction gets the PLC to compare two data values. Thus it
might be to compare a digital value read from some input device with a second value
contained in a register.

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3. Social Impact

To have a secure future it is very important that modern technologies should be

properly analyzed in terms of their sustainability aspects.

Automation is the one of the current modern innovations, and undoubtedly

it can be referred as future’s technology. At this stage, it is particularly important
to define the framework to assess the sustainability aspect of this technology. Starting
with the invention of computers that revolutionized human work, inundated many
clerical positions, today, the automation and robotics industry has only become smarter
and more complex. We have become so used to automation and no longer realize
that most of our interactions are with autonomous machines and automated control
systems. Society is evolving to accommodate autonomous machines and this
necessitates the study of their impact on our social life.
Today’s world is driven by the internet and almost every service in the world today
is made possible through the IOT. The coupling of automation and other modern
concepts such as internet of things (IOT) should be discussed when addressing the
security related issues of automation. To date, security frameworks for the
implementation of IOT across industry verticals is generally lacking. IOT devices have
gathered pace at the expense of security best practices in a race to deploy solutions
as the first in the market, usually funded by venture capitalists looking for quick
return on investment. Areas of focus in the future will need to consider securing the
operating systems that the automation tasks are executed on as well as the wireless
communications environment needed in the world of automation through IOT.

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4. Outcomes of Internship

 Develop work habits and attitudes necessary for job success.

 Develop good communication skills.
 Explore the world of automation and new inventions.

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5. Certification

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