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Chapter 06

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14 views25 pages

Chapter 06

Uploaded by

sally D.allah
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Execution Flow Control in Java


Using Selection Statements

Iteration Statements

Block Breaker Statements
Objectives


Develop code that implements an if or
switch statement; and identify legal
argument types for these statements.

Develop code that implements all forms of
loops and iterators, including the use of for,
the enhanced for loop (for-each), do, while,
labels, break, and continue; and explain the
values taken by loop counter variables during
and after loop execution.
Using Selection Statements


A selection statement allows the conditional
execution of a block of statements. If a
condition is true, a block of statements will
be executed once, else it will be skipped.

Two types:

The if Statements

The switch Statement
The if Statements


The if Construct

The if-else Construct

The if-else if Construct

The if-else if-else Construct

Summary of the if Constructs
The if Construct


The if construct allows the execution of a
single statement or a block of statements

The <expression>: a boolean value

= is an assignment operator and not the
comparison operator.
The if-else Construct


If a condition is true, the first block of code
will be executed, otherwise the second block
of code will be executed.
The if-else if Construct


You can handle multiple blocks of code, and
only one of those blocks will be executed at
most.
The if-else if-else
Construct

enables you to handle multiple blocks of code
and ensure that one of them will certainly be
executed
Summary of the if Constructs


a single expression: if where it is possible
that no block will be executed, and if-else
where one block will certainly be executed.

multiple expressions: if-else if where it
is possible that no block will be executed, and
if-else if-else where one block will
certainly be executed.
The switch Statement


used to make the choices for multiple blocks
with the possibility of executing more than
one of them.
Rules


The comparison of values following the case
labels with the value of the argument of
switch determines the execution path.

Once the execution path of a particular case
is chosen, the execution falls through until it
runs into a break statement.
Notes


The argument of switch() must be one of
the following types: byte, short, char,
int, or enum.

The argument of case must be a literal
integral type number or a literal number
expression.

There should be no duplicate case labels
The default block


The default does not have to be at the end
of the switch.

When the execution control faces a default
block, it executes it.

If there is no break statement in the
default block, there will be fall through
just like in any other block.
Iteration Statements


a block of statements executed over and
over again as long as a certain condition is
true

four iteration constructs:
 while
 do-while
 for
 for-each
The while Loop Construct


A block is executed for the first time only
when a condition is true.

After execution the condition is checked
again, and as long as the condition stays
true, the block is executed repeatedly.

The code block in the while loop may not be
executed at all
The do-while Loop Construct


A block is executed once even before
checking the condition

The do-while loop will be executed at least
once
The for Loop Construct


<statement>: initialize the iteration variable ,
executed only once.

<test>: A boolean condition. The for block is
executed repeatedly until the <test> returns
false.

<expression>: Executed immediately after
the execution of the for block.
The for-each Loop Construct


It sets the <variable> to the first element of
the collection during the first iteration, to
the second element during the second
iteration, and so on.

Iterations are performed automatically for
all the elements of the collection.
for-each Example
Block Breaker Statements


to quit either the current iteration of a loop
or the entire loop altogether:

The continue Statement

The break Statement
The continue Statement


When this statement is executed, the
current iteration is terminated, and the
control jumps to the next iteration:

while, do-while: jumps to the boolean
condition

for: jumps to the <expression> in the for
(<statement>; <test>; <expression>)
statement.
continue Example
continue in Nested Loops


need to specify from which loop you need to
continue the next iteration: the labeled
continue statement

want the execution control to jump from an
inner block to an outer block: The beginning
of the outer block will be labeled
The break Statement


throws the execution control out of the
block altogether

used either in a loop or in a switch block

In case of nested loops, you might need to
tell from which loop you want to break: the
labeled break statement
break Example

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