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Hybridization

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Taerg Semaj
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Hybridization

Uploaded by

Taerg Semaj
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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HYBRIDIZATION AND BONDING

1. What is the hybridization of carbon in methanol?

ANSWER: sp2

1. What accounts for the hardness of diamond?


ANSWER: The 3-dimensional network of very strong carbon – carbon covalent
bonds.

2. Why is graphite, another allotrope of carbon soft?


ANSWER: Graphite consists of hexagonal rings of carbon, which slide over one
another on application of force.

1. How many d-subshells or d-energy levels are either fully or partially filled with

electrons in the Periodic Table? Name them

Ans: 4; 3d, 4d, 5d and 6d

1. What is the hybridization of the bonding orbitals of the central atom in SiH4?
ANSWER: sp3

2. What is the hybridization of boron in the monomer of (BH3)2 or B2H6?


ANSWER: sp2

3. What is the hybridization of the bonding orbitals of the central atom in phosphine
PH3?
ANSWER: sp3.
1. What is the hybridization of the bonding orbitals of boron in BCl3.
ANSWER: sp2.
2. What is the hybridization of the bonding orbitals of sulphur in H2S.
ANSWER: sp3
3. What is the hybridization of carbon in carbon (II) oxide.
ANSWER: sp.
1. Give the shape of the OH- ion and the hybridisation of the orbitals of oxygen

Ans: Shape of OH- is linear; hybridisation of the orbitals of O is sp3

1. Pick the odd one out and give your reasons ; NCl3, CCl4, CH4, PCl3, BCl3, NH3
Ans: BCl3

Reason: EITHER Central atom B is sp2 hybridised, the rest are all sp3

OR BCl3 is planar the rest are tetrahedral or pyramidal

2. In a molecule, a central atom has 6 hybridised orbitals and the molecule has

octahedral shape. Which orbitals of the atom would have undergone hybridisation to

give this shape

Ans: sp3d2; i.e. one s, three p, two d orbitals

3. There are three types of carbons in organic compounds; the sp-, sp2- and sp3-

hybridised carbons. They are known to have different electronegativities. The sp-

hybridised carbon has the highest electronegativity, why?

Ans: Electronegativity is the ability of an atom of an element to pull electrons to

itself. The s-orbital is closest to the nucleus. The sp hybrid orbital has the

highest s – character and so has the greatest ability to pull electrons.

4. Pick the odd one out and give your reasons ; NCl3, CCl4, CH4, PCl3, BCl3, NH3

Ans: BCl3

Reason: EITHER Central atom B is sp2 hybridised, the rest are all sp3

OR BCl3 is planar the rest are tetrahedral or pyramidal

5. In a molecule, a central atom has 6 hybridised orbitals and the molecule has

octahedral shape. Which orbitals of the atom would have undergone hybridisation to

give this shape

Ans: sp3d2; i.e. one s, three p, two d orbitals


6. There are three types of carbons in organic compounds; the sp-, sp2- and sp3-

hybridised carbons. They are known to have different electronegativities. The sp-

hybridised carbon has the highest electronegativity, why?

1 Ans: Electronegativity is the ability of an atom of an element to pull electrons to


itself. The s-orbital is closest to the nucleus. The sp hybrid orbital has the Give the
hybridization of the central atom in the PCl3 molecule.
ANSWER: sp3 (just like PH3)
2 Give the hybridization of the carbon of a carbonyl group.
ANSWER: sp2
3 Give the hybridization of the carbon in carbon (II) oxide.
ANSWER: sp

highest s – character and so has the greatest ability to pull electrons.

1. Germanium forms a difluoride, whose molecule has a net dipole. What is likely to be
the shape of the molecule?
ANSWER: Bent or V-shaped

2. Germanium difluoride is a bent molecule. What is likely to be the hybridisation of the


bonding orbitals of germanium?
ANSWER: sp2

3. How many lone pairs would be on germanium in a molecule of GeF2 ?


ANSWER one lone pair

1. State the hybridization of the bonding orbitals of the carbon in carbon (II) oxide

ANSWER: sp
2. State the hybridization of the bonding orbitals of silicon in SiH4

ANSWER: sp3
3. State the hybridization of the bonding orbitals of boron in BCl3

ANSWER: sp2
1. What is the hybridization of oxygen in carbon (II) oxide molecule
ANSWER: sp
2. What is the hybridization of the carbon in the methyl group of toluene

ANSWER: sp3
3. What is the hybridization of carbon in benzene
ANSWER: sp2
1. What is the shape or geometry of sp hybridised orbitals of carbon?
ANSWER: Linear
2. What is the shape of the ammonia molecule?
ANSWER: Trigonal pyramid
3. What is the shape of the carbonyl group?
ANSWER: Flat or planar
1. What is the hybridisation of the bonding orbitals of phosphorus in the compound
triphenylphosphine?
ANSWER: sp3 just like phosphine (PH3) or ammonia (NH3)
2. What is the hybridisation of the bonding orbitals of oxygen in the hydroxonium ion?
ANSWER: sp3
3. What is the hybridisation of carbon in carbon (II) oxide?
ANSWER: sp

1. Describe the shape of benzene molecule.


ANSWER: Cyclic/ring and flat
2. A discrete molecule of the formula AX3 could have one of two possible geometries or shapes.
What are these two shapes?
ANSWER: Trigonal planar and Trigonal pyramidal
3. A discrete molecule of the formula AX2 could have one of two possible geometries or shapes.
What are these two shapes?
ANSWER:

Linear and bent.


1. State the hybridization of the bonding orbitals of the central atom in BeH2.
ANSWER: sp

2. State the hybridization of the bonding orbitals of the central atom in H2S.
ANSWER: sp3
3. State the hybridization of the bonding orbitals of the central atom in PbF2.
ANSWER: sp2 (bent molecule)

1. the hybridization and the geometry of the carbon in ethane.


ANSWER: sp2. Trigonal plane
2. State the hybridization and the geometry of the carbon in methane.
ANSWER: sp3. Tetrahedron
3. State the hybridization and the geometry of the carbon in ethyne.
ANSWER: sp. Linear.

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