Operations on Sets Exercise 1.

1 Solution : (a) A = {x : x ∈ N}
Question no – (1) (b) B = {x : x= 2x + 1; n ∈ W and n < 5}
Solution :
(a) Yes, It is a set (c) C = {x : x = 2n, n ∈ Z)
Let, the set is R (d) D = {x : x is a factor of 15}
R = {V, I, B, G, O, Y, R} (e) E = {x : x – n3 , n ∈ N and n ≤ 7}
(b) Yes, It is a set (f) F = {x : x = 2x – 1/2x + 1, n ∈ N}
(c) No, It is not a set
(d) No, It is not a well-defined description Operations on Sets Exercise 1.2 Solution :
So, it, is not a set Question no – (1)
(e) No, it is not a set Solution :
(f) Yes, It is a set (a) The cardinal number of sets A is n (A) = 5
Let, the set is A = {All natural numbers lying between 3 (b) B = {x : x ∈ N and 2 < x < 7}
and 4} = {3, 4, 5, 6}
n(B) = 4
Question no – (2) (c) C = {x : x ∈ W and 3x – 2 ≤ 7}
If x = 1
Solution : =3×1–2≤7
=1≤7
(a) A = {A, L, H, B, D} =x=2
(b) B = {I, N, D, A,} =3×2–2≤7
(c) C = {L, O, N, D} =4≤7
(d) D = {K, O, L, A, T} Let, x = 3
(e) E = {A, M, R, I, T, S, R} =3×3–2≤7
Question No – (3) =7≤7
Solution : = C = {1, 2, 3}
A = {Prime numbers less than 20} n(c) = 3
A = {2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19} (d) D = {x : x ∈ N and x ≤ 5}
(a) 2 ∈ A = D = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
(b) 20 ∉ A = n(D) = 5
(c) 9 ∉ A (e) E {x : x ∈ Z and 3 ∠x ∠ 4}
(d) 3 ∈ A = n(E) = 0
(e) 11 ∈ A (f) F = {3}
(f) 19 ∈ A = n(F) = 1
Question no – (4) (g) G = {x : x is a letter in the word
Solution : VISAKHAPATNAM}
(a) A = {Values of the English alphabet} = {V, I, S, A, K, H, P, T, N, M}
(b) B = {Squares of natural numbers less than 5} = n(G) = 10
(c) C = {First five multiple of 5} Question no – (2)
(d) D = {Months with exactly 30 days} Solution :
(e) E = {odd prime numbers less than 15} (a) {x : x ∈ Z and x < 10}
(f) F = {Whole numbers less than 5} = {x : 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}
Question no – (5) ∴ The set is finite.
Solution : (b) {x = 4/3n, n ∈ W and 0 < n < 10}
(a) A = {x : x = 3n, n ∈ w and n < 4} x = 4/3 × 1 = 4/3, 4/3 × 2 = 4/6, 4/3 × 3 = 4/9
= A = {0, 3, 6, 9} = 4/3 × 4 = 4/12, 4/3 × 5 = 4/15, 4/3 × 6 = 4/18, 4/3 × 7 =
(b) B = {6/13, 7/15, 8/17…. } 4/21
(c) C = {3} = 4/3 × 8 = 4/24, 4/3 × 9 = 4/27
(d) D = {- 3, – 2, – 1, 0, 1, 2, 3,} = {4/3, 4/6, 4/9, 4/12, 4/15, 4/18, 4/21, 4/24, 4/27}
(e) E = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 12, 18, 36} ∴ It is a finite set
(f) F = {1/7, 2/9, 8/11, 4/13, 5/15} (c) {x : x ∈ N and x > 11}
∴ It is an Infinite set
Question no – (6) (d) {x : x ∈ N and 10 ≤ x ≤ 11}
= {10, 11}
Solution : ∴ It is an finite set.
(e) {x : x is a letter in word BOOSTER} ∴ n(A) = 4
= {B, O, S, T, E, R} n(B) = 4
∴ It is a finite set. ∴ n(A) = n(B) = 4
Question no – (3) ∴ Therefore the set A and B is not equivalent set.
Solution : Question no – (6)
(a) {x : x ∈ N and 5 < x < 6} Solution :
There is no natural number between 5 and 6 (a) A = {x | 2x2 + 8 = 0, x ∈ N}
∴ So, this an empty set ∴ There is not only one element in this set
(b) There is no prime number between 13 and 17 So, It is not a singleton set
∴ Hence It is an empty set. (b) B = {Vowels in word CUP}
(c) {x : x is a prime and 13 ≤ x ≤ 17} B = {U}
= {13, 17} ∴ there is only one element in this set.
It is not a empty set because It has two elements. So, this is a singleton set.
(d) [x : x2 + 9 = 0 and x ∈ N} (c) C = {x | x ∈ N and 3 < x < 5}
It is an empty set as there is no natural number whose = {4}
square is negative ∴ There is only one element in this set.
(e) {x : x ∈ W and 5 ≤ x ≤ 7} So, this is a singleton set.
= {5, 6, 7} (d) D = {factors of 37}
It is a non empty set because it a clement 5, 6, 7. = {1, 37}
(f) {Vowels in the word GYM} ∴ there is two elements in this set.
There is no vowel in the word GYM So, It is an empty set. So, this is not singleton set.
Question no – (4) Question no – (7)
Solution : Solution :
(a) True (a) A = {Prime numbers lying between 10 and 20}
(b) False = {11, 143, 17, 19}
Question no – (5) B = {odd prime numbers}
Solution : = {2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31 … }
(a) A = {x : x ≤ 5 and x ∈ W} ∴ Set and set B have four common elements
B = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4} Thus are 11, 13, 17, 19,
A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} Hence set A and B are overlapping set.
n(A) = 5 (b) A = {common factors of 36 and 45}
n(B) = 5 = {1, 3, 9}
∴ n(A) = n(B) B = [Multiples of 7}
Therefore A is equivalent to B (A ⇿ B) = {7, 14, 21, 28, …}
(b) A = {x : x is a letter of the word BHOPAL} Set A and set B have no element in common
= {B, H, O, P, A, L,} ∴ Hence A and B are disjoint.
B = {6, 5, 1, 2, 3, 4} (c) A {First five consecutive natural numbers}
n(A) = 6 = {1, 2, 3, 4,5}
n(B) = 6 B = {Integers lying between 3/5 and 7}
∴ n(A) = n(B) = 6 Set A and set B five common elements.
∴ Therefore A is Equivalent to B (A ⇿ B) Hence, they are overlapping sets.
(c) A = {x : = 3x, n ∈, w, 0 ≤ n ≤ 3} Question no – (8)
= {(3 × 0), (3 × 1), (3 × 2), (3 × 3)} Solution :
= {0, 3, 6, 9} (a) U { x | x is a quadrilateral}
B = {monthly having 31 days} (b) U = {x | x ∈ w}
= {January, March may, July, August, October, (c) U = {x | x ∈ N, x ≤ 100}
December} Question no – (9)
n(A) = 4, Solution :
n(B) = 7 U = {natural number less than 50}
n(A) ≠ n(B) = {1, 2, 3, 4, …. 50}
Therefore the set A and B is not equivalent set. B = {multiples of 3 less than 50}
(d) A {x : x = 2x + 1, n ∈ N, n < 5} = {3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 21, 24, 27, 10, 33, 36, 39,}
= {(2 × 1 + 1), (2 × 2 + 1), (2 × 3 + 1), (2 × 4 + 1)} C = {x | x + 7 ≤ 8}
= {3, 5, 7, 9} (a) B = {x | x ∈ N and x is not a multiple of 3, x < 50}
B = {3, 5, 7, 9} (b) C = {x | x ∈ N and 1 < x < 50}
(c) N = {1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 6} ∩ {1, 2, 3, 6, 9}
(d) n(c) = {1, 3, 6, 9}
Operations on Sets Exercise 1.3 Solution (d) (A ∪ B)
Question no – (1) = (1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 6)
Solution : = {0, 2, 8, 4}
A = {4, 5, 6} (e) A ∩ B
B= {x : x ∈ W and x < 5} = {1, 3, 5, 7, 9} ∩ {3, 6, 9}
= {0, 1, 2, 3, 4} = {3, 9}
(a) A ∪ B (f) (B ∪ A) ∩ C
= {4, 5, 6} ∪ {1, 2, 3, 4} = {3, 6, 9} ∪ {1, 3, 5, 7, 9} ∩ C
= {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} = {1, 3, 5, 7, 6, 9} ∩ {1, 2, 3, 6, 9}
(b) A ∩ B = {1, 3, 6, 9}
= {4, 5, 6} ∩ {0,. 1, 2, 3, 5,} Question no – (4)
= {4} Solution :
(c) A – B If A = {x : x ∈ W and 4 < x < 9}
= {x : x ∈ A, x ∉ B} = {5, 6, 7, 8}
= {5, 6} B = {x : x ∈ N and 4 ≤ x ≤ 8}
(d) B – A = {4, 5, 6, 7, 8}
= {x : x ∉ B, x ∉ A} C = {natural numbers less than 5}
= {0, 1, 2, 3} = {1, 2, 3, 4}
Question no – (2) (a) A ∪ B
Solution : = {5, 6, 7, 8} ∪ {4, 5, 6, 7, 8}
A = {letters of the word NEW JERSEY} = {4, 5, 6, 7, 8,}
= {N, E, W, J, R, Y, S} (b) A ∩ B
B = {letters of the word NEW YOURK} = {5, 6, 7, 8} ∩ [4, 5, 6, 7, 8}
= {N, E, W, Y, O, R, K} = {5, 6, 7, 8}
(a) A ∪ B (c) A ∪ (B ∪ C)
= {N, E, W, J, R, S, Y} ∪ {N, E, W, Y, O, U, R, K} = AV {4, 5, 6, 7, 8} ∪ {1, 2, 3, 4}
= {N, E, W, J, R, S, Y, K, O} = A ∪ {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8,}
(b) A ∩ B = {5, 6, 7, 8} ∪ {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8}
= {N, E, W, J, E, R, S, Y} ∩ {N E, W, Y, O, R, K} = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8}
= {N, E, W, R} (d) A ∩ (B ∩ C)
(c) A – B = A ∩ [4, 5, 7, 8,} ∩ {1, 2, 3, 4}
= {x : x ∈ A, x ∉ B} = A ∩ {4}
= {J, S} = {5, 6, 7, 8} ∩ [4}
(d) B – A =⌀
= {x : x ∈ B, x ∉ A} Operations on Sets Exercise 1.4 Solution
= {O, K} Question no – (1)
Question no – (3) Solution :
Solution : (a) U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10}
U = {x : x is a whole number ≤ 9] A = {3, 6, 8, 9}
= {0, 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9} B = {1, 2, 3, 5, 6}
A = {odd number} Venn diagram
= {1, 3, 5, 7, 9}
B = {multiples of 3}
= {3, 6, 9}
C = {factors of 18}
= {1, 2, 3, 6, 9}
(a) A ∪ B
= {1, 3, 5, 7,9} ∪ {3, 6, 9}
= {1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 6}
(b) B ∪ C
= {3, 6, 9} ∪ {1, 2, 3, 6, 9}
= {1, 2, 3, 6, 9}
(c) (A ∪ B) ∩ (B ∪ C) (b) U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10}
A = {1, 5, 9} = [a, c, d}
B = {5, 8, 10} (d) A1
C = {1, 2, 3, 4} = From the Venn diagram
Here, the Venn diagram = A = {b, g, h, i, j, k}
(e) B1
= From the Venn diagram,
B = {a, c, d, I, j, k}
(f) (A ∪ B)1
Now,
= A ∪ B = {a, c, d, e, f} ∪ {e, f, b, g, h}
= {a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h}
= (A ∪ B)1 = [I, J, K}
Question no – (3)
Solution :
Here, Let, U = {students]
(c) U = {BEAUTIFUL} A = {students who read newspaper A}
A = {B, U, F, T} B = {students who read newspaper B}
= C = {B, E, I, F} C = {Students who read newspaper A and B}
Here, the diagram Venn diagram,

Question no – (2) (a) Number of students who read only newspaper A = 30 –

Solution : 5
= 25
(b) Number of students who read only newspaper B = 20 –
5
= 15
(c) Number of students who read none of the newspapers
= (30 + 20 + 5) – 50
= 55 – 50
=5
Question no – (4)
Solution :
Here,
= From the Venn diagram, we find Let, U = {students}
= U = {a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k} A = {students who like black}
A = {a, c, d, e, f} B = {students who like white}
B = [e, f, b, g, h} Let, x be the number of students who like both black and
(a) A ∪ B white
= {a, c, d, e, f} ∪ {e, f, b, g, h} So, the number of students who like only black 24 – x
= {a, c, d, e, b, g, h} Number of students who like only white = 18 – x
(b) A ∩ B
= {a, c, d, e, f} ∩ {e, f, b, g, h}
= {e, f}
(c) A – B
= {a, c, d, e, f} – {e, f, b, g, h}
n (∪)= number of students who like only black + number A {2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30}
of student who like only white + number of students who B = [4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28}
like both + number of students who like neither black nor (a) A ∪ B
white = From the Venn diagram A ∪ B
= 24 – x + 18 – x + x + 5 = 40 = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 16, 18, 20, 24, 26, 28, 30}
= 47 – x = 40 (b) A ∩ B
= From the Venn diagram
=x=7 = {4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28}
∴ Seven students like both black and white. (c) A – B
Question no – (5) = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30}
Solution : = – {4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28}
Let, the amount of pocket money of Meena {U} = x = {2, 6, 10, 14, 18, 22, 26, 30}
∴ Spends amount of students of stationery = x/4 = {A} (d) B – A
∴ Spends amount of canteen = x/3 = {B} = {4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28} – {2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18,
A/Q, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30}
=Փ
(f) n(A)
= n {2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 24, 28, 30}
= 13
(g) n(B)
= n {4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28}
=7
Now,
n(A ∪ B) = n(A) + n(B) – n(A ∩ B)
∴ n(A ∪ B) = 7
n = (A ∪ B) = 14
x – (x/4 + x/3) = 40 R.H.S = n(A) + n(B) – n(A ∩ B)
= x – (3x + 4x/12) = 40 = 14 + 7 – 7
= x – 7x/12 = 40 = 14 = L.H.S (Proved)
= 12x – 7x/12 = 40 Question no – (7)
= 5x = 40 × 12 Solution :
= x = 40 × 12/5 Let, U = {Students}
= 96 A = {Students passed in Hindi}
∴ Amount of pocket money = 96 B = {Students passed in maths}
Question no – (6) Let, x be the students passed in both the subject.
Solution : Venn diagram
Given,
U = {x : x ∈ N, x ≤ 30}
= A {a : a ∈ U and a is even}
B = {b : b ∈ U and b is a multiple of 4}
Now,
 Solution :
(a) 0 and 1
= A rational number lying between
0 + 1/2 = 1/2
= 1/2 + 1/2 = 1 + 2/2/2 = 3/4
= 1/2 (1/2 + 3/4) = 1/2 (2 + 3/4) = 1/2 × 5/4 = 8/5
= 1/2 (3/4 + 5/8) = 1/2 (6 + 5/8) = 1/2 × 11/8 = 11/16
= 1/2 (5/8 + 11/16) = 1/2 (10 + 11/16) = 1/2 × 21/16
= 21/32
∴ five rational numbers between 0 and 1
1/2, 3/4, 5/8, 11/16, 21/32
∴ Number of students who passed only Hindi (b) 3 and 4
= 90 – x = A rational number lying between 3 and 4 = 3 + 4/2 = 7/2
∴ Number of students who passed only maths = 80 – x = 1/2 (4 + 7/2) = 1/2
n (∪) = number of students who passed only Hindi + = (8 + 7/2) = 1/2 × 15/2
number of students who passed only maths + number of = 15/4
students who passed both + number of students who = 1/2 (7/5 + 15/4) = 1/2 (14 + 15/4) = 1/2 × 29/4
passed neither Hindi nor math. = 29/8
= 90 – x + 80 – x + x + 6 = 100 = 1/2 (15/4 + 29/8) = 1/2 (30 +39/8)
= 176 – x = 100 = 1/2 × 69/8
= x = 76 = 69/16
Therefore, 76% students passed in both the subject. = 1/2 (29/8 + 69/16) = 1/2 (58 + 69/16)
= 1/2 × 127/16 = 127/32
∴ Five rational number between 3 and 4 are 7/2, 15/4,
Joy of Mathematics Class 8 Solutions 29/8, 69/16, 127/32
Chapter 2 Rational Numbers Exercise 2.1 Solution (c) – 3 and – 3.5
Question no – (1) = A rational number lying between – 3 and – 3.5
Solution : = – 3 + (- 3.5)/2
(a) Given, – 35/25 = – 3 – 3.5/2
= – 5 × 7/5 × 5 = – 6.5/2
= – 7/5 = 1/2 (- 3.5 – 6.5/2) = 1/2 (-7.0 – 6.5/2) = 1/2 (- 13.5/2)
(b) Given, 32/- 40 = – 13.5/4
= 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2/- 2 × 5 × 2 × 2 = 1/2 (- 6.5/2 – 13.5/4) = 1/2 (- 13 – 13.5/4) = – 26.5/8
= – 4/5 = 1/2 (- 13.5/4 – 26.5/8) = 1/2 (- 27 – 26.5/8) = – 53.5/16
(c) Given, – 225/465 = 1/2 (- 26.5/8 – 53.5/16) = 1/2 (- 53 – 53.5/16) = –
= – 5 × 5 × 3 × 3/5 × 3 × 31 106.5/32
= – 15/31 ∴ Five rational number lying between – 3 and – 3.5 are –
(d) Given, – 484/- 572 6.5/2, – 13.5/4, – 26.5/8, – 53.5/16, – 106.5/32
= 2 × 2 × 11 × 11 /2 × 2 × 13 × 11 (d) 1/2 and 3/4
= 11/13 = A rational number lying between 1/2 and 3/4
Question no – (2) = 1/2 (1/2 + 3/4)
Solution : = 1/2 (2 + 3/4)
(a) numerator 12 = 1/2 × 5/4 = 5/8
= 3 × 4/7 × 4 = 1/2 (3/4 + 5/8) = 1/2 (6 + 5/8) = 1/2 × 11/8 = 11/16
= 12/28 = 1/2 (5/8 + 11/16) = 1/2 (10 + 11/16) = 1/2 × 21/16 =
(b) Numerator – 27 21/32
= 3 × (- 9)/7 × (- 9) = 1/2 (11/16 + 21/32) = 1/2 (22 + 21/32) = 1/2 × 43/32 =
= – 27/- 63 43/64
(c) Denominator 91 ∴ Five rational number between 1/2 and 3/4 are, 5/8,
= 3 × 13/7 × 13 11/16, 21/32, 43/64
= 39/91 (e) – 1/2 and 1/2
(d) Denominator – 63 = A rational number lying between – 1/2 and 1/2 = 1/2 (-
= 3 × (- 9)/7 × – (9) 1/2 + 1/2)
= – 27/- 63 =0
Question no – (3) ∴ 1/2 (0 + 1/2) = 1/4
= 1/2 (1/2 + 1/4) = 1/2 (2 + 1/4) = 3/8 = 10 × 4/- 14 × 4
= 1/2 (1/4 + 3/8) = 1/2 (2 + 3/8) = 1/2 × 5/8 = 5/16 = 40/- 56
= 1/2 (3/8 + 5/16) = 1/2 (6 + 5/16) = 1/2 × 11/16 = 11/32 = This pairs are equivalent rational number
= 1/2 (5/16 + 11/32) = 1/2 (10 + 11/32) = 21/64 (d) – 1/4, 4/16
∴ Five rational number between – 1/2 and 1/2 are, 1/4, 3/8, = – 1 × 4/4 × 4
5/16, 11/32, 21/64 = – 4/16
(f) – 3/5 and – 1/3 = This pairs are equivalent rational number
A rational number between – 3/5 and – 1/3 (e) – 45/54, 15/- 18
= 1/2 (- 3/5 – 1/3) = 1/2 (- 9 – 5/15) = 1/2 × (- 14/15) = – = – 45 × 1/3/54 × 1/3 = 15/- 18
14/30 = This pairs are equivalent rational number
∴ 1/2 (- 1/3 – 14/30) = 1/2 (- 10 – 14/30) = 1/2 × (- 24/30) (f) 12/48, – 4/16
= – 24/60 = This is not equivalent rational number
∴ 1/2 (- 14/30 – 24/60) = 1/2 (- 28 – 24/60) = 1/2 (- 52/60) Question no – (6)
– 52/120 Solution :
∴ 1/2 (- 3/5 – 14/30) 1/2 (- 18 – 14/30) = 1/2 (- 32/30) = – (a) 4/5, 3/10, 7/15
32/60 = L.C.M. of 5, 10, 15 = 30
∴ 1/2 (- 14/30 – 32/60) = 1/2 (- 28 – 32/60) = 1/2 (- 60/60) = 4 × 6/5 × 6, 3 × 3/10 × 3, 7 × 2/15 × 2
= – 1/2 = 24/30, 9/30, 14/30
∴ Five rational number between – 3/5 and – 1/3 ∴ Ascending order = 3/10 < 7/15 < 4/5
are, – 14/30, – 24/60, – 52/120, – 32/60, – 1/2 (b) – 5/2, 3/8, 7/4
Question no – (4) = L.C.M. of 2, 8, 4 = 8
Solution : = – 5 × 4/2 × 4, = 3 × 1/8 × 1, 7 × 2/4 × 2
(a) 3/8 = – 20/8, 3/8, 14/8
= Three rational numbers equivalent to 3/8 are 3 × 2/8 × 2 ∴ Ascending order = – 5/2 < 3/8 < 7/4
= 6/16, 3 × 4/8 × 4 = 12/32 3 × 3/8 × 3 = 9/24 (c) 7/8, 2/3, 11/12
(b) – 4/15 = LCM of 8, 3, 12, = 24
= Three rational numbers equivalent to – 4/15 are – 4 × = 7 × 3/8 × 3 = 2 × 8/3 × 8, 11 × 2/12 × 2
2/15 × 2 = – 8/30, – 4 × 3/15 × 3 = – 12/45 – 4 ×4/15 × 4 = 21/24, 16/24, 22/24
= – 16/60 ∴ Ascending order = 2/3 < 7/8 < 11/12
(c) – 3/- 5 (d) – 1/3, – 3/8, 23/24
= Three rational numbers equivalent to – 3/- 5 are – 3 × 2/- = L.C.M. of 3, 8, 24 = 24
5 × 2 = – 6/- 10, – 3 × 3/- 5 × 3 = – 9/- 15 – 3 × 4/- 5 × 4 = ∴ 1 × 8/3 × 8, – 3 × 3/8 × 3, 23 × 1/24 × 1
– 12/- 20 = – 8/24, – 9/24, 23/24
(d) – 2/9 ∴ Ascending order = – 3/8 < – 1/3 < 23/24
– Three rational numbers equivalent to – 2/9 are (e) – 5/6, 11/12, 2/3
= – 2 × 2/9 × 2 = – 4/18, = L.C.M. of 6, 12, 3, = 12
= – 2 × 4 /9 × 4 = – 8/36 = – 5 × 2/6 × 2 = 11 × 1/12 × 1, 2 × 4/3 × 4
= – 2 × 3/9 × 3 = – 6/27 = – 10/12, 11/12, 8/12
(e) 3/- 7 ∴ Ascending order = 5/6 < 2/3 < 11/12
= Three rational numbers equivalent to 3/-7 are, (f) 1/2, 3/4, 2/3
3 × 2/- 7 × 2 = 6/- 14, 3 × 3/- 7 × 3 = 9/-21, 3 × 4/-7 × 4 = = L.C.M. of 2, 4, 3, = 12
12/-28 ∴ 1 × 6/2 × 6, 3 × 3/4 × 3, 2 × 4/3 × 4
(f) – 6/5 = 6/12, 9/12, 8/12
=> Three rational numbers equivalent to – 6/5 are ∴ Ascending order = 1/2 < 2/3 < 3/4
– 6 × 2/5 × 2 = – 12/10, – 6 × 3/5 × 3 = – 18/15, – 6 × 4/5 Question no – (7)
× 4 = – 24/20 Solution :
Question no – (5) (a) 2/3, 3/4, 5/6
Solution : = L.C.M. of 2, 4, 8 = 12
(a) 2/3, 3/2 = 2 × 4/3 × 4, 3 × 3/4 × 3, 5 × 2/6 × 2
= This pairs are not equivalent rational number = 8/12, 9/12, 10/12
(b) – 3/8, 6/- 16 ∴ Descending order = 5/6 > 3/4 > 2/3
= – 3 × 2/8 × 2 (b) – 2/3, – 3/4, 5/- 6
= – 6/16 = L.C.M. of 3, 4, – 6 = 12
= This pairs are equivalent rational number = – 2 × 4/3 × 4, – 3 × 3/4 × 3, 5 × 2/- 6 × 2
(c) 10/-14, – 40/56 = – 8/1, – 9/12, 10/- 12
∴ Descending order = – 2/3 > – 3/4 > 5/- 6 (e) 1/3
(c) – 1/2, 4/- 5, 2/3
= L.C.M. of 2, – 5, 3 = 30
= – 1 × 15/2 × 15, 4 × 6/- 5 × 6, 2 × 10/3 × 10
= – 15/30, 24/- 30, 20/30, 20/30
∴ Descending order = 2/3 > – 1/2 > – 4/5
(d) – 3/4, – 3/10, 8/- 3 In 1/2 denominator is = 3
= L.C.M. of 4, 10, – 3 = 60 We divide line between a and 1 into 2 equal parts.
= – 3 × 15/4 × 15, – 3 × 6/10 × 6, 8 × 20/- 3 × 20 (f) – 1/3
= – 45/60, – 18/60. 10/- 60
∴ Descending order = – 3/10 > – 3/4 > 8/- 3
(e) 4/7, 2/5, 5/9
= L.C.M. of 7, 5, 9, = 315
= 4 × 45/7 × 45, 2 × 63/5 × 63, 5 × 35/9 × 35
= In – 1/3 denominator is = – 3
= 180/315, 126/315, 175/315
(g) – 7/3
∴ Descending order = 4/7 > 5/9 > 2/5
(f) – 3/10, 7/15, – 3/5
= L.C.M. of 10, 15, 5, = 30
= – 3 × 3/10 × 3, 7 × 2/15 × 2, – 3 × 6/5 × 6
= – 9/30, 14/30, – 18/30
∴ Descending order = 7/15 > – 3/10 > -3/5 Rational Numbers Exercise 2.2 Solution
Question no – (8) Question no – (1)
Solution : Solution :
(a) – 3/4 (a) 2/7 and 6/7
= 2/7 + 6/7
= 2 + 6/7
= 8/7
(b) 2/11 and 7/11
= 2/11 + 7/11
= Since in – 3/4 denominators is 4 we divide line between = 2 + 7/11
0 and – 1 into 4 equal = 9/11
(b) 3/4 (c) 2/5 and – 1/5
= 2/5 – 1/5
= 2 – 1/5
= 1/5
(d) 5/8 and 1/- 8
= 5/8 – 1/8
= 5 – 1/8
Since, in 3/4 denominator is 4
= 4/8
We divide line between 0 and 1 into 4 equal parts.
= 1/2
(c) 1/2
Question no – (2)
Solution :
(a) 1/3 + (- 4/3)
= 1 + (- 4/3)
= 1 + (- 4)/3
= Since in 1/2 denominator is 2 = – 3 /3 [∵ 1 + (- 4) = – 3]
We divide line between 0 and 1 into 2 equal parts. =–1
(d) 7/8 (b) 3/5 + 4/5
= 3/5 + (- 4/5)
= 3 + (- 4)/5
= – 1/5 [∵ 3 + (- 4) = – 1]
(c) 2/9 + – 4/- 9
= 2/9 + 4/9
= Since in 7/8 denominator is 8 = 2 + 4/9
We divide line between 0 and 1 into 8 equal parts.
= 6/9 = 23/21
= 2/3 (c) 5/7 – 4/21
(d) – 9/13 + 5/- 13 = 15 – 4/21
= – 9/13 + (- 5/13) = 11/21
= – 9 + (- 5)/13 (d) 7/33 – 5/11
= – 14/13 [∵ – 9 + (- 5) = – 14] = 7 – 15/33
Question no – (3) = – 8/33
Solution : Question no – (9)
(a) 1/2 + 1/3 + – 2/5 Solution :
= 15 + 10 + (- 12)/30 [∵ L.C.M. of 2, 3, and 5 is 30] = 7/3 + required number = – 4
= 25 + (- 12)/30 = required number = 7/3 – 4
= 13/30 = 7 – 12/3
(b) 1/3 + 3/4 + – 4/5 = – 5/3
= 20 + 45 + (- 24)/60 [∵ LCM of 3, 4, and 5 is 60] Question no – (10)
= 65 + (- 24)/60 Solution :
= 41/60 = – 7/3 + required number = – 5
(c) 2/3 +2/5 + – 7/15 = required number – 5 – 7/12
= 10 + 6 + (- 7)/15 [∵ LCM of 3, 5 and 15 is 15] = – 60 – 7/12
= 6 + (- 7)/15 = – 67/12
= 9/15 Question no – (11)
= 3/5 Solution :
(5) Subtract : = – 1 + required number = 8/9
Solution : = required number = 1 + 8/9
(a) – 7/15 from – 6/15 = 9 + 8/9
= – 6/15 – (- 7/15) = 17/9
= – 6 + 7/15 Question no – (12)
= 1/15 Solution :
(b) 5/13 from 15/13 = – 3/5 – required number = 5/6
= 15/13 – 5/13 = – required number = 5/6 + 3/5
= 15 – 5/13 = 25 + 18/30 [∵ LCM of 6, 5 = 30]
= 10/13 = 43/30
(c) – 7/8 from 3/16 = required number = – 43/30
= 3/16 + 7/8 Question no – (13)
= 3 + 14/16 Solution :
= 17/16 (a) 4/7 × 3/10
(d) 6/11 from 29/33 = 6/35
= 29/33 – 6/11 (b) 11/18 × – 9/65
= 29 – 18/33 = – 11/130
= 11/33 (c) – 5/7 × 35/36
= 1/3 = – 25/36
Question no – (6) (d) – 4/5 × – 25/12
Solution : = 5/3
= ‘0’ is the rational numbers which when added 40 itself (e) – 9/11 × 33/(- 35)
gives the same number. = 27/35
Question no – (7) (f) – 6/25 × 15/32
Solution : = – 9/80
= 2/3, – 2/5, – 16/7, – 5/6 negatives are Question no – (14)
= – 2/3, – 2/5, 16/7, 5/6 Solution :
(8) Simplify : (a) – 4/9 × 27/25
Solution : = – 12/25
(a) 9/4 – 3/5 (b) 7/6 × – 24/35
= 45 – 12/20 = – 4/5
= 33/20 (c) 7/18 × – 12/35
(b) 5/3 – 4/7 = – 2/15
= 35 – 12/21 (d) 8/13 × 65/(- 24)
= – 5/3 = required number = 15 ÷ (- 5/2)
(e) 1/- 3 × – 27/66 = 15 ÷ (- 2/5)
= – 11/3 × – 27/66 =–6
= 3/2 Question no – (19)
(f) 7/- 36 × 72/21 Solution :
= – 2/3 Product of two rational number = – 24/9
Question no – (15) ∴ required number × another number = – 24/9
Solution : = required number × (- 4/3) = – 24/9
(a) 5/7 × 49/75 × 45/28 = required number = – 24/9 ÷ (- 4/3)
= 7/8 = – 24/9 × – 3/- 4
(b) – 9/18 × 12/- 45 × 45/- 8 =2
= – 9/18 × – 12/45 × – 45/8 Question no – (20)
= – 3/4 Solution :
(c) – 111/330 × 55/660 ×- 48/5 = required number x one number = 9/35
= 4/15 = required number × (- 3/5) = 9/35
(d) – 2/3 × 3/- 4 × – 4/- 5 = required number = 9/35 ÷ (- 3/5)
= – 2/3 × – 3/4 × 4/5 = 9/35 × – 5/3
= 2/5 = – 3/7
Question no – (16) Question no – (21)
Solution : Solution :
(a) Reciprocal of 4/7 is = Price of 12 pens is = 45
= 7/4 Price of 1 pens is
(b) Reciprocal of – 1/10 is = 45/12
= – 10/1 = 15/4
= – 10 Question no – (22)
(c) Reciprocal of 1 is Solution :
= 1/1 The cost of 2 3/4 metres of cloths is = 638
=1 ∴ Cost of cloth per metre
(d) Reciprocal of – 1 is = 683 ÷ 11/4
= – 1/1 = 683 × 4/11
=–1
(e) Reciprocal of 4 is
= 1/4
(f) Reciprocal of 0 is
= 0/0
=0
Question no – (17)
Solution :
(a) 5 ÷ 1/5
= 5 × 5/1
= 25
(b) 6/5 ÷ 36/25 Question no – (23)
= 6/5 × 25/26 Solution :
= 5/6 Length of the rope = 40 metres and 50 cm
(c) – 3/4 ÷ 1/12 = 40 m + 50/100m
= – 3/4 × 12/1 = (40 + 1/2) metres
=–9 = 80 + 1/2 metres
(d) 3/8 ÷ 21/16 = 8 1/2 metres
= 3/8 × 16/21 If each piece is 2 1/4 = 9/4 meter long then pieces are
= 2/7 = 81/2 ÷ 9/4
Question no – (18) = 81/2 × 4/9
Solution : = 18
= Product of two rational numbers = 15 Question no – (24)
∴ required number x one number = 15 Solution :
= required number × (- 5/2) = 15 (a) 2/3 + 4/5
= 10 + 12/15 = 5/21 × 2/5
= 22/15 = 2/21
∴ This is a rational number. R.H.S,
(b) L.H.S = 3/7 × (5/9 × 2/5)
3/5 + 5/7 = 3/7 × 2/9
= 21 + 25/25 = 2/21
= 46/35 ∴ L.H.S = R.H.S (Proved)
R.H.S, 5/7 + 3/5 (b) L.H.S (- 7/8) [(- 13/5) + (- 7/10)]
= 25 + 21/35 = (- 7/8) [- 26 + (- 7)/10]
= 46/35 = – 7/8 × – 33/10
∴ L.H.S = R.H.S …..(Proved) = 231/80
(c) L.H.S R.H.S, (- 7/8) × (- 13/5) + (- 7/8) × (- 7/10)
= (- 3/7 + 5/2) + 5/6 = 91/40 + 49/80
= (6 + 35/14) + 5/6 = 182 + 49/80
= 29/14 + 5/6 = 231/80
= 87 + 35/42 L.H.S = R.H.S (Proved)
= 122/42 (c) L.H.S
= 61/21 = 7/2 × 3/5
R.H.S, = 21/10
= – 3/7 + (5/2 + 5/6) R.H.S
= – 3/7 + 915 + 5/6) = 3/5 × 7/2
= – 3/7 + 20/6 = 21/10
= 3/7 + 20/6 L.H.S = R.H.S (Proved)
= – 18 + 140/42 (d) L.H.S
= 112/42 = 61/21 = (- 4/5) × (- 2/3)
∴ L.H.S = R.H.S …..(Proved) = 8/15
(d) L.H.S = – 2/3 + 2/3 R.H.S
= – 2 + 2/3 = (- 2/3) × (- 4/5)
= 0/3 = 8/15
=0 ∴ L.H.S = R,H,S …..(Proved)
L.H.S = R.H.S …..(Proved) Question no – (27)
(e) L.H.S Solution :
= 3/4 + (- 3/4) (a) L.H.S.
= 3 + 3/4 (a × b × c)
= 0/4 = 1/5 × 1/3 × (- 2/5) [Putting the value of a, b, c]
= 0 = R.H.S ……(Proved) = 1/5 × – 2/15
(f) L.H.S = – 2/75
= 6/7 + 0 ∴ L.H.S = R.H.S (Proved)
= 6 + 0/7 (b) L.H.S
= 6/7 = R.H.S (Proved) a(b + c)
Question no – (25) Putting the value of a, b, c
Solution : = 1/5 (1/3 + – 2/5)
Here, a = – 3/7 and b = 2/3 = 1/5 (5 + (-6)/15)
L.H.S a + b = 1/5 × (-1/15)
= – 3/7 + 2/3 = -1/75
= – 9 + 14/21 R.H.S.
= 6/21 a×b+a×c
R.H.S, Putting the value of a, b, c
b+a 1/5 × 1/3 × + 1/5 × – 2/5
= 2/3 + (- 3/7) = 1/15 + -2/25
= 14 (- 9)/21 = 5 + (-6)/75
= 5/21 = – 1/75
Question no – (26) ∴ L.H.S. = R.H.S ….(Proved)
Solution : (c) L.H.S
(a) L.H.S (3/7 × 5/9) × 2/5 a(b – c)
= 1/5 (1/3 + 2/5) Putting the value of a, b, c (d) Given, (2/11)6
= 1/5 (5 + 6/15) Here, exponents = 6
= 1/5 × 11/15 base = 2/11
= 11/75 (e) Given, (10)4
R.H.S Here, exponents =4
a×b–a×c base = 10
Putting the value of a, b, (f) Given, (- 1)10
1/5 × 1/3 – 1/5 (- 2/5) Here, exponents =10
= 1/15 + 2/25 base = – 1
= 5 + 6/75 Question no – (3)
= 11/75 Solution :
∴ L.H.S. = R.H.S. …..(Proved) (a) Given, 32
(d) L.H.S. =3×3
(a – b) × c =9
putting the value of a, b, c (b) Given, 92
(1/5 – 1/3) × – 2/5 =9×9
= (3 – 5/15) × -2/5 = 81
= -2/15 × -2/5 (c) Given, (12/11)3
= 4/75 = 12 × 12 × 12 / 11 × 11 × 11
R.H.S = 1728/1331
a×c–b×c (d) Given, (- 1/4)3
Putting the value of a, b, c
1/5 -2/5 – 1/3 × – 2/5 = – 1/4 × (- 1/4) × (- 1/4)
= – 2/25 + 2/25 = – 1/64
= – 6 + 10/75 (e) Given, (3/5)3
= 4/75 = 3/5 × 3/5 × 3/5
∴ L.H.S. = R.H.S …..(Proved) = 27/125
(f) Given, (-1)21
Joy of Mathematics Class 8 Solutions = -1
Chapter 3 Exponents Exercise 3.1 Solution (g) Given, (-1)100
Question no – (1) =1
Solution : (h) Given, (0.1)5
(a) 5 × 5 × 5 × 5 × 5 = 0.1 × 0.1 × 0.1 × 0.1 × 0.1
= 55 = 0.00001
(b) 7 × 7 × 7 × 7 Question no – (4)
= 74 Solution :
(c) (-2/5) × (-2/5) × (-2/5) × (-2/5) (a) Given, (- 2)3
= (-2/5)4 =–2×–2×–2
(d) a × a × b × b × b × c × c × c × c =–8
= a2 × b3 × c4 (b) Given, (- 3)3
(e) (- 2) × (- 2) × a × a × a × a = – 3 × (- 3) × (- 3)
= (- 2)2 × a4 = – 27
(f) 2/3 × 2/3 × 2/3 × (- x) × (- x) × (- x) × (- x) (c) Given, (- 4)4
= (2/3)3 × (-x)4 = – 4 × (- 4) × (- 4) × (- 4)
Question no – (2) = 258
Solution : (d) Given, 73
(a) Given, 34 =7×7×7
= Here, exponents = 4, = 343
base = 3 (e) Given, (-1/4)3
(b) Given, (-1)5 = (- 1/4) × (- 1/4) × (- 1/4)
= Here, exponents =5 = – 1/64
base = -1 (f) Given, (5/3)2
(c) Given, (0.3)7 = 5/3 × 5/3
= Here, exponents = 7 = 25/9
base = 0.3 (g) Given, (3/5)3
= 3/5 × 3/5 × 3/5 (f) Given, 90000
= 27/125
(h) Given, (5/7)4
= 5/7 × 5/7 × 5/7 × 5/7
= 625/2401
Question no – (5)
Solution :
(a) Given, 27/125
= 3 × 3 × 3/5 × 5 × 5
= 3/5 × 3/5 × 3/5
= (3/5)3
(b) Given, – 64/729
= – 4 × 4 × 4/9 × 9 × 9
= (- 4/9)3
(c) Given, 16/49
= 2 × 2 × 2 × 2/7 × 7 =3×3×5×5×5×5×2×2×2×2
= 4/7 × 4/7 = 32 × 54 × 24
= (4/7)2 (g) Given, 10000
(d) Given, 36/64 =5×5×5×5×2×2×2×2
= 6 × 6/8 × 8 = 54 × 24
= (6/8)2 (h) Given, – 432
(e) Given, 1/10000 =–2×2×2×2×3×3×3
= 1/100 × 100 = – 24 × 33
= (1/100)2 Question no – (7)
(f) Given, – 8/27 Solution :
= – 2 × 2 × 2/3 × 3 × 3 (a) (-2)3 or (-3)2
= – 2/3 × 2/3 × 2/3 = – 8 or -27
= (- 2/3)3 ∴ (-2)3 > (- 3)2
(g) Given, 1331/2197 (b) 25 or 52
= 11 × 11 × 11/13 × 13 × 13 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 or 5 × 5
= 11/13 × 11/13 × 11/13 = 32 or 25
= (11/13)3 ∴ 25 > 52
(h) Given, – 343/1024 (c) 36 or 63
= – 7 × 7 × 7 /32 × 32 = 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 or 6 × 6 × 6
= – (7)3/(32)2 = 729 or 216
Question no – (6) ∴ 36 > 63
Solution : (d) 26 or 62
(a) Given, 500 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 or 6 × 6
= 2 × 250 = 64 or 36
= 2 × 5 × 50 ∴ 26 > 62
= 2 × 5 × 5 × 10 Question no – (8)
=2×5×5×5×2 Solution :
= 22 × 53 (a) p3 + q3
(b) Given, 675 = (- 2)3 + (4)3
=5×5×3×3×3 = – 8 + 64
= 52 × 33 = 56
(c) Given, 1372 (b) (4p + q)2
=2×2×7×7×7 = (4 × (-2) + 4)2
= 22 × 73 = (- 8 + 4)2
(d) Given, 6125 = (- 4)2
=5×5×5×7×7 = 16
= 53 × 72 (c) (4p)2
(e) Given, 6000 = (4 × (-2)2
=3×5×5×5 = (-8)2
= 31 × 53 × 24 = 64
(d) p3 q2 (c) a5 × a7
= (-2)3 × (4)2 = a5+7
= – 8 × 16 = a12
= – 124 (d) (74)5
Question no – (9) = 74×5
Solution : = 720
Here, x = 3, y = – 2 (e) (52)-4
(a) Given, (x – y)3 = 52×(-4)
= (3 + 2)3 = 5-8
= (5)3 (f) (212 ÷ 27) × 9-5
= 125 = 212-7 × 9-5
(b) Given, (2x- 3y)2 = 25 × 1/95
= (2 × 3 – 3 × (- 2))2 = (2/9)5
= (6 + 6)2 (g) (8/5)-6 × (- 5/8)-2
= (12)2 = (8/5)-6 × (-8/5)2
= 144 = (8/5)6 × (-1)2 × (8/5)2
(c) Given, (x – y)x = (8/5)6+2
= (3 + 2)3 = (8/5)8
= (5)3 (h) (32)3 ÷ (63)2
= 125 = 36 ÷ 66
(d) Given, (x/y + y/x)x = (3/6)6
= (2/-3 + – 2/3)3 = (1/2)6
= (- 2/3 – 2/3)3 (i) (43)4 ÷ (42)6
= (- 2 – 2/3)3 = 412 ÷ 412
= (- 4/3)3 = (4/4)12
= – 4/3 × 4/3 × 4/3 = (1)12
= – 64/27 = 12
Question no – (10) Question no – (2)
Solution : Solution :
Here, x = 3, y = 2, z = 1 (a) 25 × 35
Then, = (2/3)5
(a) xy + yz+ zx (b) 30 × 40 × 50
= 32 + 21 + 13 = 1 × 1 × 1 [∵ 40 = 1, 30 = 1, 50 = 1]
=9+2+1 = (1)1
= 12 (c) 60 × 23 × 33
(b) (xy) (yz) (zx) = 1 × 23 × 1/33
= (32) (21) (13) = (2/3)3
=9×2×1 (d) (20 + 40) ÷ 2
= 18 = (1 + 1) ÷ 2 [∵ 20 = 40 = 1]
(c) (x)y+z + (y)z+x + (z)x+y = 2/2
= (3)2+1 + (2)1+3 + (1)3+2 =1
= 33 + 24 + 15 (e) 2-4 × 93 × 4
= 27 + 16 + 1 = 1/24 × 93 × 22
= 44 = 22/24 × 93
Exponents Exercise 3.2 Solution = 93/24-2
Question no – (1) = 93/22
Solution : (f) (30 + 60) ÷ 90
(a) 23 × 24 × 25 = (1 + 1) ÷ 1 [∵ 30 = 60 – 90 = 1]
= 23+4+(-5) = 2/1
= 23+4-5 =2
= 27-5 (g) 25 × 2-4 ÷ 28
= 22 = 25-4 ÷ 28
(b) (- 3)4 × (- 3)5 × (- 3)2 = 21-8
= (- 3)4+5+2 = 2-7
= (- 3)11 (h) (-7)3 ÷ (-7)6 × (-7)5
= (-7)3-6 × (-7)5 L.H.S. ≠ R.H.S (False)
= (-7)-3 × (-7)5 Question no – (5)
= (-7)-3+5 Solution :
= (-7)2 (a) In (-2)5, – 2 is called base and 5 is called exponential.
Question no – (3) (b) For all values of n, (1)n equals 1.
Solution : (c) The value of (- 5)0 equals 1.
(a) 2-6 – 50 × 25 (d) The value of (25)0 equals 1.
= 1/26 – 1 × 32 Question no – (6)
= 1/64 – 32 Solution :
= 1 – 2048/64 Given, a = – 2, b = – 3
= – 2047/64 then, 2a3 + (b3)2 – a2
(b) 8 × 2-3 – 26 + 50 = 2(-3)3 + (-33)2 – (-2)2
= 8/8 – 64 + 1 = 2(-27) + (-27)2 – 4
= 1 – 64 + 1 = – 54 + 729 – 4
= 2 – 64 = 729 + 58
= – 62 = 671
(c) 2 × 35 – 6 × 64 Question no – (7)
= 2 × 243 – (6)5 Solution :
= 486 – 7776 (a) 34 × (-5)-4/9 × (52)3
= – 7290 = 34 × (-1)4/32 × (5)4 (5)6
(d) 12 + 22 + 72 + 24 = 34-2/54+6
= 1 + 4 + 49 + 16 = 32/510
= 21 + 49 = 9/510
= 70 (b) (-5)2 × 6-2 × 32/36 × (- 5)4
Question no – (4) = (-5)2 × 32/(6)2 62 × (-5)4
Solution :
(a) 23 × 32 = 65 = 32/(-5)4-2 (6)2+2
L.H.S. 23 × 32 = 32/(-5)2 64
=8×9 = (3/5)2 1/64
= 72 ≠ R.H.S (False) = 9/25 × 1296
(b) L.H.S. 26 × 30 × 50 = 9/32400
= 26 × 1 × 1 = 1/3600
= 26 ≠ 30 (False) (c) 30 + (52)3 – 62/(32)3 × 52
(c) L.H.S. 20 + 70 + 50 = 1 + 56 – 36/36 × 25
=1+1+1 = 1 + 15625 – 36/729 × 25
= 3 = R.H.S. (True) = 1590/18225
(d) L.H.S. 20 × 31 × 52 Question no – (8)
= 1 ∴ 3 × 25 Solution :
= 75 ≠ R.H.S. = 303 (False) (a) 26 × 32 × (-5)-2/9 × 5-4
(e) L.H.S. 32 = 9 = 26 × 32/32 × (-5)2 × (5)-4
R.H.S. 43 = 64 = 26 32-2/(-5)2-4
L.H.S. ≠ R.H.S. (False) = 26 30/-5-2
(f) L.H.S. 83 × 53 = 26 × 1(- 5)2
= 512 × 125 = 26 × (5)2
= 674000 (b) (63)2 × (- 32)2/18 × 33
R.H.S. (10)3 = 10 × 10 × 10 = (6)6 × (-3)4/3 × 6 × 33
∴ L.H.S. ≠ R.H.S. (False) = (6)6-1 × (3)4-4
(g) L.H.S. a0 + b0 /a0 × b0 = 65 × 30
= 1 + 1/1 × 1 = 65 × 1
= 2/1 = R.H.S (True) = 65
(h) L.H.S. 5 × 57 = 51+7 (c) 20 × (32)4 – (42)0 + (52)3
= 58 = 1 × 38 – (4)0 + 56
R.H.S. (25)7 = 38 – 1 + 56
= (52)7 (d) [(2)-3 ÷ (2)-8] × [(32)-2 ÷ (3)-4]
= 514 = (2)-3/(2)-8 × (3)-4/(3)-4
= (2)-3+8 × (3)-4+4 = 51 × 51
= 25 × 30 = 2601
= 25 × 1 (b) (- 42)2
= 25 = (-1)2 42 × 42
(e) (-6)2 × 3-4 × 12/9 × (32)3 = 1 × 42 × 42
= 62 × 3-4 × 6 × 2/(3)2 × (3)6 = 1764
= 62+1 × 2 × 3-4/(3)2+6 (c) (- 4/17)2
= 2 × 63/38+4 = (-1)2 4/17 × 4/17
= 2 × 63/312 = 16/289
= 2 × (3 × 2)3/312 (d) (0.65)2
= 24/39 = 0.65 × 0.65
(f) (34)-3 – 20 × (32)4 + (20)2 = 0.4225
= 3-12 – 1 × (3)8 + (2)0 (e) (3 3/5)2
= 3-12 × (3)8 + 1 = 18/5 × 18/5
= 3-12+8 + 1 = 324/25
= 3-4 + 1 (f) (0.006)2
Question no – (9) = 0.006 × 0.006
Solution : = 000036
(a) (2x2)3/(5x)-2 Question no – (2)
= (2x2)3 (5x)2 Solution :
= 8x6 × 25x2 (a) Given,
= 200x8
(b) (5y/(4x)2)3
= 53y3/(4x)6
= 125y3/4096x6
(c) (6a2b2)3 + (3a2)4
= 216a6b6 + 81a8
(d) 2a2 (a2 + 3a – a3)
= 2a4 + 6a3 – 2a5
Question no – (10)
Solution :
(a) 5-2 × 32/5-4 × 3-6
= 54 × 32 × 36/52 => 1250 = 5 × 5 × 5 × 5 × 2
= 54-2 × 32+6 ∴ in this factorization; factors 2 are left unpaired.
= 52 × 38 ∴ 1250 is not perfect square number.
(b) x-2 × y-4 × z-3/xyz (b) Given, 9801
= 1/x2 × y4 × z3 × xyz
= 1/x3y5z4
(c) (-3)2 × (52)-2
= (-3)2/(25)2
= 32/(25)2
(d) [(-42)3 ÷ (2)2)4] × (32)-2
= [(-4)6 ÷ (2)8] × 1/32
= 46/28 × 1/32
= (22)6/28 × 1/32
= 212/28 × 1/32
= 212-8/32
= 24/32

Joy of Mathematics Class 8 Solutions

∴ 9801 = 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 11 × 11
Chapter 4 Squares and Square Roots
Squares and Square Roots Exercise 4.1 Solution ∴ In this factorization, all the factors are grouped into pairs
Question no – (1) of identical factors.
Solution : (c) Given, 2025
(a) (51)2
∴ 2025 = 5 × 5 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 ∴ 152100 = 3 × 5 × 5 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 13 × 13
∴ In this factorization, all the factors are grouped into pairs ∴ In this factorization, all the factors are grouped into pairs
of identical factors. of identical factors.
∴ 2025 is a perfect square. ∴ 152100 is a perfect square.
(d) Given, 62500 Question no – (3)
Solution :
(a) Given, 40368
∴ 40368 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 29 × 29

∴ 62500 = 5 × 5 × 5 × 5 × 5 × 5 × 2 × 2
∴ In this factorization, all the factors are grouped into pairs
Since, factor 3 is left unpaired, so we multiply 40368 by 3
of identical factors.
then no factor will be left unpaired and the number
∴ 62500 is a perfect square.
obtained is = 40368 × 3 = 121,104 which is a perfect
(e) Given, 16641
square number.
(b) Given, 19044

∴ 15044 = 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 23 × 23
∴ 16641 = 3 × 3 × 43 × 43 In this factorization, all the factors are grouped into pairs.
∴ In this factorization, all the factors are grouped into pairs So, we multiply 19044 by 1
of identical factors. ∴ 19044 × 1 = 19044, which is a perfect square.
∴ 16641 is a perfect square. (c) Given, 268912
(f) Given, 152100
 (c) Given, 253125

∴ 268912 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 7 × 7 × 7 × 7 × 7
∴ Since, factor 7 is left unpaired, so we multiply 268912 ∴ 253125 = 5 × 5 × 5 × 5 × 5 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3
by 7 then no factor will be left unpaired and the number Since, factor 5 is left unpaired so we divided 253125 by 5,
obtained is = 268912 × 7 = 1882384 which is a perfect then no factor will be left unpaired and the number
square number. obtained is 253125 ÷ 5 = 50625 which is a perfect square
Question no – (4) number.
Solution : (d) Give, 188771
(a) Given, 3675

∴ 188771 = 11 × 131 × 131

Since, factor 11 is left unpaired so, we divided 188771 by
∴ 3675 = 5 × 5 × 3 × 7 × 7 11, then no factor will be left unpaired and the number
∴ Since factor 3 is left unpaired, so we divide 3675 by 3 obtained is 188771 ÷ 11 = 17161, which is a perfect
then no factor will be left unpaired and the number square number.
obtained is = 3675 ÷ 3 = 1225 which is a perfect square Question no – (5)
number. Solution :
(b) Given, 20184 (a) The number of zeros at the end of a perfect square is
never not perfect square.
(b) The square of an even number is always perfect
square.
(c) The square of an odd number is always perfect square.
(d) If the ones digit of a number is 4, its square will end
with perfect square.
(e) 4252 – 4242 = Perfect square.
(f) The square of a number of (other than 1) is either a
multiple of 3 or exceeds a multiple of 3 by perfect square.
Square and square roots Exercise 4.2 Solution :
Question no – (1)
∴ 20184 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 29 × 29 Solution :
Since, factor 3 is left unpaired so we divided 20184 by 3, (a) 784
then no factor will be left unpaired and the number
obtained is 20184 ÷ 3 = 6728, which is a perfect square
number.
 ∴ 3969 = 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 7 × 7
∴ 784 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 7 × 7 ∴ √3969 = 3 × 3 × 7
∴ √784 = 2 × 2 × 7 = 21 × 3
= 28 = 63
(b) 2304 (e) 196/81

= 13 × 13/3 × 3 × 3 × 3
∴ 2304 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 => √196/√81
∴ √2304 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 = 13/9
= 48 (f) 121/10000
(c) 1296

= 11 × 11/2 × 5 × 5 × 5 × 5 × 2 × 2 × 2
∴ 1296 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3
∴ √121/√10000 = 11/2 × 2 × 5 × 5
∴ √1296 = 2 × 2 × 3 × 3
= 11/4 × 25
= 36
= 11/100
(d) 3969
(g) 225/289
= 5 × 5 × 3 × 3/17 × 17
∴ √225/√289 = 5 × 3/17
= 15/17 ∴ 1764/169 = 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 7 × 7/13 × 13
(h) 625/1296 ∴ √1764/√169 = 2 × 3 × 7/13
= 42/13
(l) 7 393/529
= 4096/529

∴ 5 × 5 × 5 × 5/3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2
∴ √625/√1296 = 5 × 5/3 × 3 × 2 × 2
= 25/36
(i) 38 11/0.5
= 961/25
∴ 4096/529 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 ×
2/23 × 23
∴ √4096/√529 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2/23
= 64/23
(m) 0.09
= 0.09/100
= 31 × 31/5 × 5
∴ √961/√25
= 31/5
(j) 23 26/121
= 2809/121

∴ 9/100 = 3 × 3/2 × 2 × 5 × 5
∴ √9/√100 = 3/10
= 53 × 53/11 × 11 = 0.3
∴ √2809/√121 (n) 0.0004/10000
= 53/11
(k) 10 74/169 = 1764/169
 = 14 + 0.08 – 10
= 4 + 0.08
= 4.08
(b) √202 – 162
= √20 × 20 – 16 × 16
= √400 – 256
= √144
= √12 × 12
= 12
(c) √0.0361/576
= √361/576 × 10000
= √19 × 19/24 × 24 × 100 × 100
∴ 4/10000 = 2 × 2/5 × 5 × 5 × 5 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 = 19/24 × 100
∴ √4/√10000 = 2/5 × 5 × 2 × 2 = 19/2400
= 2/100 (d) (- √144/576) × (-16/√64)
= 0.02 = – (√12 × 12/24 × 24) × (- 16/√8 × 8)
(o) 0.0121 = – 12/24 × (- 16/8)
= 0.0121/10000 = – 1/2 × (- 2)
= 1/2 × 2
=1
(e) [(- 15)2 × √81] + 52
= [225 × √9 × 9] + 52
= (225 × 9) + 52
= 2025 + 25
= 2050
(f) √(37 + 2 1/16) × 0.0144/0.25
= √(37 + 33/16) × 144 × 100/25 × 10000
= √ (592 + 33/16) × 144 × 100/25 × 10000
= √625/16 × 144 × 100/25 × 10000
= 11 × 11/ 5 × 5 × 5 × 5 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 = √25 × 9 × 100/10000
∴ √121/√10000 = 11/5 × 5 × 2 × 2 = 5 × 3 × 10/100
= 11/100 = 15/10
= 0.11 = 1.5
(p) 0.0324 Question no – (4)
= 0.0324/10000 Solution :
Let, the length of one side of the square field = x
∴ Area of square = x2 (length)2
= x2
A/Q, x2 = 334.89
=> x = √334.89
=> = √33489/100
=> x = √183 × 183/10 × 10
= 183/10
= 18.3
∴ The length of one side of the field 18.3m.
Question no – (5)
= 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3/5 × 5 × 5 × 5 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 Solution :
∴ √324/1000 = 2 × 3 × 3/5 × 5 × 2 × 2 Let, the length of one side of a square = x
= 18/100 ∴ Area of a square = x2
= 0.18 ∴ x2 = 306 1/4
Question no – (3) => x2 = 1225/4
Solution : => x = √1225/4
(a) √196 + √0.0064 – √100 => x = √35 × 35/2 × 2
= √14 × 14 + √8 × 8/100 × 100 – √10 × 10 => x = 35/2
= 14 + 8/100 – 10 = 17.5
∴ Length of the square = 17.5m. L.C.M. of 12, 15 and 24, 120
∴ Perimeter of the square ∴ 120 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 5
=4×xm = 23 × 3 × 5
= 4 × 35/2 m = 22 × 2 × 3 × 5
= 70m ∴ In order to get the required number, we should multiply
∴ Perimeter of the square = 70m. 120 by 2 × 3 × 5 = 30
Question no – (6) ∴ Hence the required number is
Solution : = 120 × 30
∴ From the division we conclude that if 212 is subtracted = 3600
from the given number, will become a perfect square. Question no – 14
Question no – (7) Solution :
Solution : Let, the number of the temples in the city be x
We observe that the given number is greater than ∴ Number of fruits offered in each temple is = x
(212)2 but less than (213)2 So, total number of fruits offered = x × x = x2
∴ The number to be added is ∴ x2 = 4913 × 17
= (213)2 – 45156 = 83521
= 45369 – 45156 ∴ The number of temples x = √83521
= 213 = √289 × 289
Question no – (8) = 289
Solution : Question no – (15)
The least number of three digits 100, which is a perfect Solution :
square. A garden wanted to planet = 580
Question no – (9) ∴ He find 4 plants are left = 580 – 4
Solution : = 576
The least number of four digit 1000 finding the √1000, we ∴ Number of plants he planted in each row
observe that, = √576
(31)2 < 1000 < (32)2 = √24 × 24
∴ The least four digit number which is a perfect square is = 24
(32)2 = 1024
Question no – (10) Joy of Mathematics Class 8 Solutions
Solution : Chapter 5 Cubes and Cube Roots
The greatest number of three digit = 999 Exercise 5 Solution
Finding √999, we observe that (31)2 is less than 999 by 38 Question no – (1)
∴ The required number is = 999 – 38 Solution :
= 961 (a) (52)3
Question no – (11) = 52 × 52 × 52
Solution : = 140,608
The greatest number of five digit = 99999 (b) (73)3
Finding √99999, we observe that, (316)2 is less than 99999 = 73 × 73 × 73
by 143 = 389,017
∴ The required number is (c) (- 30)3
= 99999 – 143 = – 3- × (- 30) × (- 30)
= 99856 = – 27000
Question no – (12) (d) (1 1/4)3
Solution : = (5/4)3
Total number of students = 8175 = 5/4 × 5/4 × 5/4
∴ 75 students left out then = 8175 – 75 = 125/64
= 8100 (e) (0.003)3
∴ Number of students in each row = 0.003 × 0.003 × 0.003
= √8100 = 27/100000000
= √90 × 90 (f) (- 15)3
= 90 = – 15 × (- 15) × – 15)
Question no – (13) = – 3375
Solution : (g) – 8/11
Here, = – 8/11 × (- 8/11) × (- 8/11)
= – 512/1331 => ∛16875 = ∛5 × 5 × 5 × 5 × 3 × 3 × 3
(h) 0.064 = 5 × 3 × ∛5
= 0.064 × 0.064 × 0.064 = 15 ∛5
= 0.000262144 ∴ This is not perfect cube.
Question no – (2) (d) ∛12167
Solution :
Cube of all natural numbers between 12 and 17 are
(13)3 = 13 × 13 × 13 = 2197
(14)3 = 14 × 14 × 14 = 2744
(15)3 = 15 × 15 × 15 = 3375
(16)3 = 16 × 16 × 16 = 4096
Question no – (3)
Solution :
(a) ∛625

=> ∛12167 = ∛23 × 23 × 23

= 23
∴ This is perfect cube.
(e) ∛1000

=> √625 = ∛5 × 5 × 5× 5
= 5∛5
∴ This is not perfect cube.
(b) ∛1458

=> ∛1000 = ∛2 × 2 × 2 × 5 × 5 × 5
=2×5
= 10
∴ This is perfect cube.
(f) ∛6859

=> ∛1458 = ∛2 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3
= 3 × 3 ∛2
= 9 ∛2
∴ This is not perfect cube.
(c) ∛16875

=> ∛6859 = ∛19 × 19 × 19

= 19
∴ This is perfect cube.
(g) ∛13824
=> ∛13824 = ∛3 × 3 × 3 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × => ∛68120
2 => ∛5 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 3
=3×2×2×2 If we multiple 5 × 5 = 25, then 69120 obtain a perfect
= 24 cube.
∴ This is a perfect cube. ∴ 69120 × 25 = 1728000
(h) ∛46875 => √5 × 5 × 5 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 ×
3
=> 5 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3
= 120
Question no – (7)
Solution :
81920

=> ∛46875 = ∛5 × 5 × 5 × 5 × 5 × 3
= 5 ∛5 × 5 × 3
∴ This is not perfect cube.
Question no – (4)
Solution :
(a) 5 natural number which is multiple of 3 is a multiple of
27, are, 27, 729, 1728, 3375 => ∛5 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2
(b) 5 natural number which is multiple of 2 is a multiple of ×2
8, are 8, 64, 512. => 81920 must be perfect cube if we divided by 5 × 2 × 2
Question no – (5) = 20
Solution : Question no – (8)
The side of a cube (a) = 17.5 cm Solution :
∴ Volume of the cube = (a)3 cm3 (a) 1728
= (17.5)3 cm3
= (17.5 × 17.5 × 17.5) cm3
= 5359.375 cm3
Question no – (6)
Solution :
69120

=> ∛2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 3
=2×3×2 (f) 0.000064
= 12 = 64/1000000
(b) 3375

= ∛2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2/100
= ∛5 × 5 × 5 × 3 × 3 × 3 = 4/100
=5×3 = 0.04
= 15 (g) 50653
(c) 17576

= ∛37 × 37 × 37
= 37
= ∛2 × 2 × 2 × 13 × 13 × 13 (h) – 1 91/125
= 2 × 13 = 216/125
= 26
(d) 0.000343
= 343/1000000

= ∛2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 3/∛5 × 5 × 5
= 2 × 3/5
= 6/5
Question no – (9)
Solution :
= ∛7 × 7 × 7/∛2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 ×5 × 5 × 5 × 5 × 5 × 5 (a) ∛216 × ∛64
= 7/2 × 2 × 5 × 5
= 7/100
= 0.07
(e) 2 93/125
= 343/125

= ∛2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 3 × ∛2 × 2 × 2 × 2 ×2 × 2
= ∛7 × 7 × 7/∛5 × 5 × 5 =2×3×2×2
= 7/5 = 24
(b) ∛729 × ∛(- 27) =2×7×7
= 14 × 7
= 98
Question no – (10)
Solution :
Let, the length of the cubical box = x cm
∴ Then the volume of the cubical box = x3 cm3
∴ x3 = 1953.125
=> x = ∛5 × 5 × 5 × 5 × 5 × 5 × 5 × 5 × 5/ 10× 10 × 10

= ∛3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × ∛(- 3 × 3 × 3)
= 3 × 3 × (- 3)
= – 27
(c) ∛3 – 67/64
= ∛192 – 67/64
= ∛125/64
= ∛5 × 5 × 5/2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 ×2
= 5/ 2 × 2
= 5/4 = 5 × 5 × 5/10
(d) ∛512 + ∛(- 1728) = 125/10
= 12.5
∴ Length of the cubical = 12.5
Question no – (11)
Solution :
Let, the length of the cubical box = x m
∴ Volume of the cubical box = x3 m3
∴ x3 = 0.001331
=> x = ∛0.001331
= ∛1331/1000000
= ∛11 × 11 × 11/10 × 10 × 10 × 10 × 10 × 1 0

=> √2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 + √(- 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 ×
2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 3)
= (2 × 2 × 2) + (- 2 × 2 × 3)
= 8 – 12
=–4
(e) ∛3375 × ∛(- 216)

= 11/10 × 10
= 11/100
= 0.11
∴ The length of the cubical box = 0.11 m
∴ Total surface area of the box is
= 6 × (0.11)2 m
= 6 × 0.11/100 × 0.11/100
= 66 × 11/10000
= ∛5 × 5 × 5 × 3 × 3 × 3 × ∛(- 2) × (- 2) × (- 2) × (- 3) × (- = 726/10000
3) × (- 3) = 0.0726 m
= 5 × 3 × (- 2) × – 3
= – 90
(f) ∛2744 × ∛343
= ∛2 × 2 × 2 × 7 × 7 × 7 × √7 × 7 × 7
Joy of Mathematics Class 8 Solutions (b) Given, 31167
Chapter 6 Playing with Numbers = 31167; not divisible by 2 [∵ odd number]
Exercise 6 Solution ∴ 31167; divisible by 3 [∵ sum of all digits 3 + 1 + 1 + 6 +
Question no – (1) 7 = 18, which is divisible by 3]
Solution : ∴ 31167; not divisible by 6 [∵ its divisible by 3 but not
Divisible by divisible by 2]
Numbers 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 ∴ 31167; divisible by 9 [∵ sum of all digits 3 + 1 + 1 + 6 +
7 = 18, which is divisible by 9]
504 Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes No No
(c) Given, 12348
750 Yes Yes No Yes Yes No No No Yes No = 12348; divisible by 2 [∵ even number]
861 No Yes No No No No No No No Yes ∴ 12348; divisible by 3 [∵ sum of all digits 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 +
9999 No Yes No No No No No Yes No Yes 8 = 18, which is divisible by 3]
31473 No Yes No No No No No Yes No No ∴ 12348; divisible by 6 [∵ its divisible by both 2 and 3]
∴ 12348; divisible by 9 [∵ 18 is divisible by 9]
100001 No No No No No No No No No Yes
(d) Given, 932160
345675 No Yes No Yes No No No No No Yes = 932160; divisible by 2 [∵ its units digits 0]
Question no – (2) ∴ 932160; divisible by 3 [∵ sum of all the digits 9 + 3 + 2
Solution : + 1 + 6 + 0 = 21, which is divisible by 3]
(a) Given, 43180 ∴ 932160; divisible by 6 [∵ its divisible by both 2 and 3]
= A number is divisible by 2 if its units digit is 0. ∴ 932160; not divisible by 9 [∵ sum of all the digits 21,
∴ 43180, divisible by 2. which is not divisible by 9]
∴ 43180, divisible by 4; (since, its digits at the tens place Question no – (4)
and units place is divisible by 4) Solution :
∴ (80 ÷ 4 = 20) (a) Given, 27841
∴ 43180 not divisible by 8; (Since the last three digits of = Here, the given number is = 27841
the number 180/8 is not divisible by 8) sum of digits at odd places = 2 + 8 + 1 = 11
(b) Given, 578344 Sum of digits at even places = 7 + 4 = 11
= 58344; divisible by 2 [Its unit digit 4 which is divisible ∴ Difference = 11 – 11 = 0, which is divisible by11.
by 2] ∴ 27841, divisible by 11.
∴ 58344; divisible by 4 [Since its last two digits 44 is (b) Given, 45352
divisible by 4] => Here, the given number is = 45352
∴ 58344; divisible by 8 [Since last three digits 344, which Sum of digits at odd places = 4 + 3 + 2 = 9
is divisible by 8] Sum of digits at even places = 5 + 5 = 10
(c) Given, 65850 ∴ Difference = 10 – 9 = 1, which is not divisible by 11.
= 65850; divisible by 2 [Since its unit digit 0] ∴ 45352, divisible by 11.
∴ 65850; not divisible by 4 [Since its last two digit 50 is (c) Given, 237269
not divisible by 4] = Here, the given number is = 237269
∴ 65850; not divisible by 8 [Since its last three digits 850, Sum of digits at odd places = 2 + 7 + 6 = 15
which is not divisible by 8] Sum of digits at even places = 3 + 2 + 9 = 14
(d) Given, 35636 ∴ Difference = 15 – 14 = 1, not divisible by 11
= 35636; divisible by 2 [Since, it’s a even number] ∴ 237269 is not divisible by 11.
∴ 35636; divisible by 4 [Since, its last two digit 36, which (d) Given,589765
is divisible by 4] = Here, the given number is 589765
∴ 35636; not divisible by 8 [∵ Its last three digit 636 is not Sum of digits at odd places = 5 + 9 + 6 = 20
divisible by 8] Sum of digits at even places = 8 + 7 + 5 = 20
Question no – (3) ∴ Difference = 20 – 20 = 0, which is divisible by 11
Solution : ∴ 589765, divisible by 11.
(a) Given, 564 Question no – (5)
= 564; divisible by 2 [∵ even number] Solution :
∴ 564 = divisible by 3 [∵ sum of all digits 5 + 6+ 4 = 15, (a) Given, 534*
which is divisible by3] = A number is divisible by 6, when its divisible by 2 and 3
∴ 564 = divisible by 6 [∵ its divisible by 2 and 3] ∴ 5346; divisible by 2 [∵ even number]
∴ 564 = not divisible by 9 [∵ Sum of all digits = 15, which ∴ 5346; divisible by 3 [∵ 5 + 3 + 4 + 6 = 18, divisible by
is not divisible by 9] 3]
∴ Replace number is = 5346, which is divisible by 6] 4536; divisible by 4 [∵ last two digits divisible by 4]
(b) Given, 9875* ∴ 4536 divisible by 12.
= A number is divisible by 6, when its divisible by 2 and 3 (b) Given, 12348
∴ 98750; divisible by 2 [∵ last digit 0] = A number is divisible by 12, when its divisible by 3 and
∴ 98750; divisible by 3 [∵ 9 + 8 + 7 + 5 + 0 = 27, divisible 4
by 3] ∴ 12348; divisible by 3 [∵ 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 8 = 18, divisible
∴ Replace number is 98750, which is divisible by 6. by 3]
(c) Given, 54*28 12348; divisible by 4 [∵ last two digit divisible by 4]
= A number is divisible by 6, when its divisible by 2 and ∴ 12348 divisible by 12.
3. (c) Given, 98756
∴ 54228; divisible by 2 [∵ even number] = A number is divisible by 12, when its divisible by 3 and
∴ 54228; divisible by3 [∵ 5 + 4 + 2 + 2 + 8 = 21, which is 4
divisible by 3] 978756, not divisible by 3 [∵ 9 + 8 + 7 + 5 + 6 = 35, not
∴ Replace number is 54228, which is divisible by 6. divisible by 3]
(d) Given, 9207* 98756; divisibleby4 [∵ last two digits divisible by 4]
= A number is divisible by 6, when its divisible by 2 and ∴ 98756 not divisible by 12.
3. (d) Given, 81036
∴ 92070; divisible by 2 [∵ last digit 0] = A number is divisible by 12, when its divisible by 3 and
∴ 92070; divisible by 3 [∵ 9 + 2 + 0 + 7 + 0 = 18, divisible 4
by 3] ∴ 81036; divisible by 3 [∵ 8 + 1 + 0 + 3 + 6 = 18, divisible
∴ Replace number is 92070, which is divisible by 6. by 3]
Question no – (6) 81036; divisible by 4 [∵ last two digits divisible by 4]
Solution : ∴ 81036 divisible by 12.
(a) Given, 6702* Question no – (8)
= A number is divisible by 9 when sum of all digits of the Solution :
number divisible by 9. A number is divisible by 8 and 9 then the number is
6 + 7 + 0 + 2 + 3 = 18, divisible by 9 divisible by 72, because 8 and 9 are co-primes.
∴ Replace number is = 67023 Question no – (10)
(b) Given, *8537 Solution :
= A number is divisible by 9, when sum of all digits (a) 12 is divisible by 3 and 6 but not by 18.
divisible by 9. (b) 24 is divisible by 4 and 8 but not by 32.
* + 8 + 5 + 3 + 7 = * + 23 (c) 60 is divisible by 6 and 15 but not by 90.
= 4 + 23 (d) 99 is divisible by 9 and 11 and also by 99.
= 27, divisible by 9 Question no – (11)
∴ Replace number is = 48537 Solution :
(c) Given, 91*65 A number divisible by 6 when its divisible by 2 and 3.
= A number is divisible by 9,when sum of all digits 43216; divisible by 2
divisible by 9. 432162; divisible by 3 [∵ 4 + 3 + 2 + 1 + 6 + 2 = 18 which
9 + 1 + * + 6 + 5 = 21 + * is divisible by 3]
= 21 + 6 ∴ The smallest number is 2.
= 27, divisible by 9 Question no – (12)
∴ Replace number is = 91665 Solution :
(d) Given, 903*8 (a) Here, the given number is =724*24
= A number is divisible by 9, when sum of all digits A number is divisible by 8 when last three digits are
divisible by 9. divisible by 8.
9 + 0 + 3 + * + 8 = 20 + * ∴ Here, the last three digit = *24
= 20 + 7 = 824 [Divisible by 8]
= 27, divisible by 9 ∴ The largest number is 8.
∴ Replace number is = 90378 (b) The given number = 724*24
Question no – (7) A number is divisible by 9 when sum of all the digits are
Solution : divisible by 9
(a) Given, 4536 7 + 2 + 4 + * + 2 + 4 = 19 + 8
= A number is divisible by 12, when its divisible by 3 and = 27, divisible by 9
4. ∴ The largest number is 8.
4536; divisible by 3 [∵ 4 + 5 + 3 + 6 = 18, divisible by 3] (c) The given number is = 724*24
A number is divisible by 11, when, ∴ Total days will the provisions last at in the same rate =
Sum of digits at odd places = 7 + 4 + 2 = 13 (23 + 10) = 33 days.
Sum of digits at even places = 2 + * + 4 Question no – (4)
=6+* Solution :
=6+7 After 4 days; the provisions would be sufficient for 200
= 13 soldiers
∴ Difference = 13 – 13 = 12 – 4
= 0, divisible by 11 = 8 days
∴ The largest number is 7. For 1 soldiers; the provisions would be sufficient for
Question no – (13) = 8 × 200
Solution : (200 – 40) = 160 soldiers; the provisions would sufficient
Greatest number of 3 digits 990, which is divisible by 2 for
and 5. = 8 × 200/160
Question no – (14) = 10 days
Solution : Hence, the provisions will least for 10 days.
Greatest number of 4 digits = 9999 Question no – (5)
a number is divisible by 8 when last three digits divisible Solution :
by 8. 90m2 space is accommodated for 20 girls.
∴ The greatest number = 9888, which is divisible by 8. For 1m2 space is accommodated for = 20/90 girls
Question no – (15) 22.5m2 space is accommodated for
Solution : = 20/90 × 22.5/10 girls
Smallest number of 4 digits = 1000 = 5 girls
A number is divisible by 3 when sum of all digits divisible Therefore 22.5m2 space is accommodated for 5 girls.
by 3. Question no – (6)
∴ The smallest number is = 1245, which is divisible by 3. Solution :
In 12 weeks Jaya earns = 1,60,000
In 1 weeks Jaya earns = 1,60000/12
Joy of Mathematics Class 8 Solutions In 1 year = 52 weeks Jaya earns = 160000 × 52/12
Chapter 7 Direct and Inverse Variation = 693333.33
Exercise 7.1 Solution ∴ She earn Rs 693333.33 in a year.
Question no – (1) Question no – (7)
Solution : Solution :
7/8 quintal of sugar costs = 245 45 acres of plot are dug by = 40 men
1 quintal of sugar costs = 245/7/8 1 acres of plot dug by = 40/45 men
0.8 quintal of sugar costs = 245 × 8/7 × 0.8/10 752 acres of plot are dug by = 40/45 × 72 men
= 7 × 32 = 64 men
= 224 ∴ 64 men will be required to dig 72 acres of the plot in a
∴ The cost of 0.8 quintal of sugar is 224 day.
Question no – (2) Question no – (8)
Solution : Solution :
15 men can do a job in = 24 days Here,
1 men can do a job in = 24 × 15 days the work of 5 men = work of 8 women
40 men can do a job in = 24 × 15/40 days the work of 1 men = work of 8/5 women
= 9 days the work of 4 men = work of 8/5 × 4 women
∴ 40 men can do a job in 9 days. = 32/5 women
Question no – (3) (a) 5 men earn = 4160 per day
Solution : 1 men earn = 4160/5 per day
After 10 days; the provisions would be sufficient for = (40 = 832 per day.
– 10) (b) 8 women earn = 4160 per day
460 soldiers = 30 days 1 women earn = 4160/8 per day
For 1 soldiers the provisions would be sufficient for = 30 = 520 per day.
× 460 (c) 4 men and 5 women
(460 + 140) = 600 soldiers the provisions would be = 32/5 women + 5 women
sufficient = 30 × 460/600 = 32 + 25/5 women
= 23 days = 57/5 women
Now, 8 women earn = 4160 per day (9 men + 4women) = (9 men + 3 men) = 12 men can
1 women earn = 4160 per day finished a work in = 15 × 8/12 days
57/5 women earn = 4160/8 × 57/5 per day = 10 days
= 5928 per day Question no – (12)
∴ 4 men and 5 women earn in 3 days Solution :
= 3 × 5928 In 12 days a piece of work can be finished by 3 men and 4
= 17784. women.
Question no – (9) In 1 days a piece of work can be finished by 12 (3 men + 4
Solution : women) = 36 men + 48 women
14 men, working 8 hours a day complete the work in Again,
= 11 days. In 9 days the work can be finished by = 5 men and 4
14 men working 1 hours a day complete the work in women
= 11 × 8 days In 1 days the work can be finished by = 9 (5 men + 4
1 men working 1 hours a day complete the work in women)
= 11 × 8 × 14 days = 45 men + 36 women
22 men working 1 hours a day complete the work in ∴ 36 men + 48 women = 45 men + 36 women
= 11 × 8 × 14/22 days = 48 women – 36 women = 45 men – 36 men
22 men working 7 hours a day complete the work in = 12 women = 9 men
= 11 × 8 × 14/22 × 7 = men/women = 12/9
= 8 days. = 4/3
Question no – (10) =4:3
Solution : Question no – (13)
In 20 days typing 8 hours 6 typists Solution :
In 20 days typing 1 hours 6 × 8 typists In 10 days earn 17500 by 5 workers
In 1 days typing 1 hours 6 × 8 × 20 typists In 10 days earn 1 by = 5/17500 workers
Now, In 1 days earn 1 by = 5 × 10/17500 Workers
In 12 days typing 1 hours 6 × 8 × 20/12 typists Again, In 7 days earn 29400 by
In 12 days typing 5 hours 6 × 8 × 20/12 × 5 typists = 5 × 10 × 29400/17500 × 7
= 16 typists. = 16 workers
∴ Typing should be employed ∴ 16 workers will be earn 29400.
= (16 – 6) Question no – (14)
= 10 Solution :
Hence, 10 typist works for 5 hours a day. Here,
Question no – (11) The work of 5 men = the work of 6 women
Solution : The work of 1 men = the work of 6/5 women
In 15 days the work can be finished by 2 men and 8 Now, 8 men and 9women
women. = 8 × 6/5 women + 9 men
In 1 days the work can be finished by 15 × (2men + 8 = (48 + 45/5) women
women) = 30 men + 120 women = 93/5 women.
Again, Again,
In 6 days the work can be finished by 8 men and 16 6 women earn = 5400 per day
women 1 women earn = 5400/6 per day
In 1 days the work can be finished by 6(8 men + 15 51/5 women earn = 5400/6 × 93/5 per day
women) = 48 men + 96 women = (180 × 93) per day
According to the amount of work = 16740 per day
30 men + 120 women = 48 men + 96 women ∴ Rs 16740 earn per day.
= 120 women – 96 women = 48 men – 30 men Question no – (15)
= 24 women = 18 men Solution :
= 4 women = 3 men In Rs 90 bought = 9 mangoes
(a) 3 man are equivalent to 4 women. In Rs 1 bought = 9/90 mangoes
(b) 2 men + 8 women In Rs 1160 bought
= 2men + 6 men = 9/90 × 1160 mangoes
= 8 men = 116 mangoes
8 men can finished a work in 15 days ∴ In Rs 1160 bought 116 mangoes.
1 men can finished a work in = 15 × 8 days Direct and Inverse Variation Exercise 7.2 Solution
Question no – (1) (B + C)’s one day’s work = 1/5 …….(ii)
Solution : C and A can complete some work in 12 day
A can do a piece of work in 10 days (C + A)’s one day’s work = 1/12 ……. (iii)
A’s one day’s work = 1/10 Adding (i), (ii), (iii) we get,
B can do a piece of work in = 15 days 2(A + B + C)’s one day’s work = 1/20 + 1/15 + 1/12
B’s one day’s work = 1/15 = 3 + 4 + 5/60
(A + B)’s one day’s work = 12/60
= 1/10 + 1/15 = 1/5
= 3 + 6/30 ∴ (A + B + C)’s one day’s work
= 9/30 = 1/5 × 1/2
= 3/10 = 1/10 ……. (iv)
∴ Therefore the time taken by A and B to finish the work (a) Therefore A, B and C working all together can finish
= 10/3 days the work in 10 days.
∴ Thus A and B together can finish the work in 3 1/3 days. (b) Subtracting (i) from (iv) we have
Question no – (2) C’s one day’s work = 1/10 – 1/20
Solution : = 2 – 1/20
A’s one day’s work = 1/20 = 1/20
B’s one day’s work = 1/30 C alone can do the work in 20 days
(A + B)’s one day’s work = 1/20 + 1/30 Again, subtracting (ii) from (iv) we have
= 3 + 2/60 A’s one day’s work = 1/10 – 1/15
= 5/60 = 3 – 2/30
= 1/12 = 1/30
∴ Therefore the time taken by A and B to finish the work A alone can do the work in 30 days.
together Now, Subtracting (iii) from (iv) we have,
= 12/1 days B’s one day’s work = 1/10 – 1/12
= 12 days = 6 – 5/60
∴ Thus A and B together finish the work in 12 days. = 1/60
Question no – (3) ∴ B alone can do the work in 60 days.
Solution : Question no – (6)
A and B can finish the work = 4 days Solution :
(A + B)’s one day’s work = 1/4 A’s one day’s work = 1/8
A can alone finish the work = 6 days B’s one day’s work = 1/12
A’s one day’s work = 1/6 C’s one day’s work = 1/24
So, work done by B in one day (A + B + C)’s one day’s work = 1/8 + 1/12 + 1/24
= 1/4 – 1/6 = 3 + 2 + 1/24
= 3 – 2/12 = 6/24
= 1/12 = 1/4
∴ Therefore B can finish the work in 12 days. A, B and C together can complete the work in 4 days.
Question no – (4) Question no – (7)
Solution : Solution :
A and B together can complete the work in 12 days A’s one day’s work = 1/15
(A + B)’s one day’s work = 1/12 B’s one day’s work = 1/20
B alone can finish the work in = 30 day’s (A + B)’s one day’s work
B’s one day’s work = 1/30 = 1/15 + 1/20
So, work done by A in one day = 4 + 3/60
= 1/12 – 1/30 = 7/60
= 5 – 2/60 ∴ C’s one day’s work = 1/5 – 7/60
= 3/60 = 12 – 7/60
= 1/20 = 5/60
Therefore, A alone can finish the work in 20 days. = 1/12
Question no – (5) ∴ C alone can finish the work in 12 days.
Solution : Question no – (8)
A and B can complete some work in 20 days Solution :
(A + B)’s one day’s work = 1/20 …… (i) A’s one day’s work = 1/25
B and C can complete some work in 15 days B’s one day’s work = 1/20
(A + B)’s one day’s work = 1/25 + 1/20 Solution :
= 4 + 5/100 A’s one day’s work = 1/6
= 9/100 B’s one day’s work = 1/4
(A + B)’s 5 day’s work = 9/100 × 5 = 9/20 (A + B)’s one day’s work = 1/6 + 1/4
∴ Remaining work = 1 – 9/20 = 2 + 3/12
= 20 – 9/20 = 5/12
= 11/20 A started the worked, after 2 days he was joined B
Number of days taken by B to finish the remaining work = = 1/6 × 2
work to be done/B’s one day’s work = 1/3
= 11/20 / 1/20 ∴ Remaining work,
= 11/20 × 20/1 = 1 – 1/3
= 11 = 2/3
∴ B finish the remaining work in 11 days. ∴ The time taken to finish the remaining work
Question no – (9) = 2/3 / 5/12
Solution : = 2/3 × 12/5
(A + B + C)’s one day’s work = 1/4 = 8/5
A’s one day’s work = 1/12
C’s one day’s work = 1/10 Question no – (13)
B’s one day’s work = (A + B + C)’s one day’s work = (A Solution :
+ C)’s one day’s work In one minutes, tap A alone can fill = 1/20 of the tank.
= 1/4 – {1/12 + 1/10} In one minutes tap B alone can fill 1/30 of the tank.
= 1/4 – {5 + 6/60} In one minutes tap C alone can empty = 1/15 of the tank.
= 1/4 – 11/60 Therefore, in one minutes all the three pipes are used
= 15 – 11/60 simultaneously
= 4/60 = 1/20 + 1/30 – 1/15
= 1/15 = 3 + 2 – 4/60
Therefore, B alone can do the work in 15 days. = 5 – 4/60
Question no – (10) = 1/60
Solution : ∴ The tank will be filled in 60 minutes.
(A + B + C)’s one day’s work = 1/8 Question no – (14)
A’s one day’s work = 1/20 Solution :
(A + B)’s one day’s work = 1/14 In one minutes, tap A alone can fill = 1/12 of the tank.
Therefore, C’s one day’s work = (A + B + C)’s one day’s In one minutes, tap B alone can fill = 1/16 of the tank.
work (A + B)’s one day’s work In one minutes, tap C alone can empty = 1/8 of the tank.
= 1/8 – 1/14 If all the three pipes are turned on simultaneously
= 7 – 4/56 = 1/12 + 1/16 – 1/8
= 3/56 = 4 + 3 – 6/48
A and C one day’s work = 7 – 6/48
= 1/48
= 1/20 + 3/56 Therefore the tank will be empty in 48 minutes.
= 14 + 15/280 Question no – (15)
= 29/280 Solution :
Therefore A and C together can do the work In one hour, tap A can fill 1/8 of the tank
Question no – (11) In one hour, from a waste pipe in the bottom, the tank is
Solution : filled = 1/12 of the tank.
(A + B)’s one day’s work = 1/20 ∴ Time taken to empty it
∴ B alone can do 1/5th of the work in 12 days = 1/8 – 1/12
∴ B’s one day’s work = 1/12 × 1/5 = 3 – 2/24
= 1/60 = 1/24
∴ A’s one day’s work = 1/20 – 1/60 ∴ Time taken to empty it 24 hours.
= 3 – 1/60
= 2/60
= 1/30
Therefore, A alone can do the work in 30 days.
Question no – (12)
Joy of Mathematics Class 8 Solutions (d) Given, 1 1/4
Chapter 8 Percentage Exercise 8 Solution = 5/4
Question no – (1) = 5 × 100/4
Solution : = 125%
(a) Given, 25% (f) Given,10.375
= 25/100 = 10375 × 100/1000
= 1/4 Question no (3)
(b) Given, 125% Solution :
= 125/100 (a) 20% of Rs 1250
= 5/4 = 20/100 × 1250
(c) Given, 4 1/5% = Rs 250
= 21/5% (b) 18% of 990 km
= 21/5 × 1/100 = 18/100 × 990 km
= 21/500 = 891/5
(d) Given, 0.25%
= 25/100 × 1/100
= 1/400
Question no – (2)
Solution :
(a) Given, 3/8
= 3 × 100/8

(c) 12% of 1.512 kg

= 12/100 × 1.512/1000
= 18184/100000
= 0.18184 kg
(d) 8% of 5L
= 8/100 × 5
= 2/5
Question no – (4)
(b) Given, 1/16 Solution :
= 1 × 100/16 (a) 12% of x is 144
=> 12/100 × x = 144
=> x = 144 × 100/12
=> x = 1200
(b) 3.5% of x is 287
=> 35/10 × 100 × x = 287
=> x = 287 × 1000/35
=> x = 8200
(c) x% of 1100 is 132
=> x/100 × 1100 = 132
(c) Given, 4 1/5 => x = 132/11
= 21 × 100/5 = 12
= 2100/5 (d) x% of 1250 is 25
=> x/100 × 1250 = 25
=> x = 25 × 2/25
=> x = 2
Question no – (5)
Solution :
The price of diesel is Rs 55 per liter
Now price increased by 15%
∴ New price of diesel per liter,
= 55 × 115/100
= 6325/100
= 63.25 Hence, A : B : C = 25 : 50 : 100
∴ New price of diesel Rs 63.25 per liter. =1:2:4
Question no – (6) Divided Rs 3500 among A, B, C
Solution : A’s share = 3500 × 1/7 = 500
Let, the total number of students in the school = 100% B’s share = 3500 × 2/7 = 1000
∴ 60% students in the school are boys. C’s share = 3500 × 4/7 = 2000
∴ (100 – 60)% = 40% students in the school are girls. Question no – (10)
Now, 40% of total number of student = 240 Solution :
=> 40/100 × total number of student = 240 Let, the number is = 100
=> Total number of student After increase 20% the number = 120
= 240 × 100/40 After decrease 20% the number
= 600 = 80/100 × 120
∴ Total number of students in the school 600. = 96
Question no – (7) ∴ Net increase or decrease = change in number/original
Solution : number × 100
Let, the salary of Amit = 100% = 100 – 96/100 × 100
After 10% increase, salary = (100 + 10)% = 4/100 × 100
= 110% = 4%
∴ His new salary = Rs 13585 Thus the number is decreased by 4%.
Now, 110% = 13585 Question no – (11)
=> 1% = 13585/110 Solution :
=> 1% = 123.5 Let, the total number of votes = 100
∴ Amit salary before the increase ∴ A candidate secured = 55% of the votes
= 123.5 × 100 ∴ Lose by = (100 – 55)% = 45%
= 1235 × 100/10 Now, won by = (55 – 45)% = 10%
= 12350 10% = 2554
∴ Amit salary before the increase Rs 12350. 1% = 2554/10
Question no – (8) 100% = 2554/10 × 100
Solution : = 25540
Let, the total income be = Rs 100 ∴ Total number of votes = 25540
∴ 20% spends house rent ∴ Votes loses by the candidate
= 100 × 20/100 = 25540 × 45/100
= 20 = 11493
∴ Remaining ∴ Votes secured by winning candidate
= (100 – 20) = (25540 – 11493)
= 80 = 14047.
Now, 60% of remaining Question no – (12)
80 × 60/100 = 48 Solution :
∴ Savings Let, the maximum marks = x
= 100 – (48 + 20) ∴ A student secured 43% marks and got 24% marks more
= 100 – 68 = x × 43/100 – 24
= 32 Now, x × 36/100 + 32 = x × 43/100 – 24
According to question => 36x + 3200/100 = 43x – 2400/100
32 → 2400 => 36x + 3200 = 43x – 2400
1 → 75 => – 7x = – 2400 – 3200
∴ The total income => – 7x = – 5600
= 75 × 100 => x = – 5600/- 7
= 7500 => x = 800
Question no – (9) ∴ Maximum marks = 800
Solution : Question no – (13)
Let, Solution :
C’s share is = 100 A candidate got 48 marks and failed by 12 marks.
B’s share is = 100 × 50/100 ∴ Passing marks,
A;s share is = 50 × 50/100 = 48 + 12
= 25 = 60
∴ Passing percentage = 40% =8
40% → 60 Now, Remaining = (40 – 8) = 32
1% → 60/40 ∴ 20% of remaining o petrol
100% → 60/40 × 100 = 150 = 32 × 20/100
∴ Maximum marks 150 = 32/5
Question no – (14) ∴ Savings = Income – Expenditure
Solution : = 100 – (60 + 8 + 32/5)
Let, the original rent be = x = 100 – (300 + 40 + 32/5)
Rental after 1st raise = 100 – 372/5
Raise = 10% × x = 500 – 372/5
= 10/100 × x = 128/5
= x/10 According to the question,
= 0.1x 128/5 → 2560
Rental = x + 0.1x = 1.1x 1 → 2560 × 5/128
2nd raise = 100
Raise = 10% of 1.1x 100 → 100 × 100 = 10000
= 10/100 × 1.1x/10 ∴ Therefore the total income = 10,000
= 11x/100 Question no – (17)
= 0.11x Solution :
Total Rental, Let, the population of the town in the beginning = 100
= 1.1x + 0.11x ∴ 5% population of a town died
= 1.21x = 100 × 5/100
∴ Total increase, =5
= 1.21x – x Remaining population
= 0.21x = (100 – 5)
∴ Percentage increase, = 95
= 0.21x/x × 100 × 100 Now, 15% of the remaining migrated from the town
= 21% = 95 × 15/100
Question no – (15) = 57/4
Solution : Question no – (18)
1st race = 2 hours 13 min Solution :
= (2 × 60) min + 13 min Let, B’s income is = 100
= 120 + 13)min A’s income is = 110
= 133 min ∴ B’s income less than A’s income
Wrongly announced = 2 hours 31 minutes = (A – B)’s income/A’s income × 100
= (2 × 60) min + 31 min = 10/110 × 100
= (120 + 31) min = 100/11
= 151 min
∴ Error = (151 – 133) min = 18 min
∴ Percentage error = 18 error/original raise × 100
= 18/133 × 100
= 1800/133
= 13.53%
∴ Percentage error is 13.53%
Question no – (16) Question no – (19)
Solution : Solution :
Let, the total income be = 100 Let, the original price = 100
∴ 60% of his income on household expenses After increasing 20% the price = 120
= 100 × 60/100 ∴ Reduced percentage of price
= 60 = 120 – 100/120 × 100
∴ Remaining = 20/120 × 100
= (100 – 60) = 200/12
= 40
20% of remaining on re-creator
= 40 × 20/100
 Profit = 896 – 800
= 96
∴ Profit percentage
= Profit/CP × 100
= 96/800 × 100
= 12%
Therefore, profit percentage 12%

(b) Here,
∴ Reduced price = 16 2/3 C.P. = 1200
Question no – (20)
Solution : S.P. = 1308
The sides of rectangle are 40 cm by 30 cm Profit = 1308 – 1200
∴ Area of rectangle = (40 × 30) cm2
= 1200 cm2 = 1008
Now, each side in increased by 10% ∴ Profit percentage
Then, length = (40 + 40 × 10/100)
= 40 + 4 = 1008/1200 × 100
= 44
Breadth = (30 + 30 × 10/100)
= 30 + 3
= 33
Now, Area,
= 44 × 33
= 1452
∴ Percentage increase in the area
= difference of area/original area × 100
= 1452 – 1200/1200 × 100
= 252/1200 × 100
= 21% ∴ Profit percentage 84%
Hence, percentage increase in the area 21%. (c) Here,
Question no – (21) C.P. = 500, SP = 475
Solution : Loss = C.P. – S.P.
Total marks scored = 62 + 40 + 50 + 48 + 32 = 500 – 475
= 232 = 25
Total marks ∴ Loss percentage
= 80 + 60 + 60 + 50 + 40 = 25/500 × 100
= 290 = 5%
∴ Aggregate percentage (d) Here,
= 232/290 × 100% C.P. = 425, SP = 459
∴ Percentage score in English Profit = 459 – 425
= 62/80 × 100 = 34
= 77.5 ∴ Profit percentage
∴ Percentage score in Hindi = 34/425 × 100
= 40/60 × 100 = 8%
= 66.67 ∴ Profit percentage = 8%
Joy of Mathematics Class 8 Solutions Question no – (2)
Chapter 9 Profit Loss and Discount Solution :
Exercise 9 Solution (a) Here,
Question no – (1) S.P. = 720
Solution : Profit = 12 1/2%
(a) CP = Rs 800, SP = Rs 896 = 25/25 %
=> CP = 800 Now, C.P. = 100/100 + profit% × S.P.
SP = 896 = 100/100 + 25/2 × 720
= 100/200 + 25/2 × 720 Loss = 60
= 100 × 2/225 × 720 ∴ Loss percentage = 60/300 × 100
= 8 × 80 = 20%
= 640 Therefore loss percentage 20%
Hence, CP = Rs 640 Question no – (4)
(b) Here, SP = 999, Profit = 11% Solution :
∴ CP = 100/100 + profit% × SP S.P. = 4998
= 100/100 + 11 × 999 Profit = 5%
= 100/111 × 999 C.P = 100/100 + profit% × S.P
= 900 = 100/400 + profit% × 4998
Therefore C.P. = Rs900 = 100/105 × 4998
(c) Here, S.P. = Rs 4600, Loss = 8% = 499800/105
∴ C.P. = 100/100 – loss% × SP = 4760
= 100/100 – 8 × 4600 Therefore the cost price of the almirah 4760.
= 100/92 × 4600 Question no – (5)
= 5000 Solution :
Therefore C.P. = Rs 5000 Here, Sofa’s SP = Rs 3560
(d) Here, S.P. = Rs 9000, Loss = 10% Loss = 11%
C.P. = 100/100 – loss% × S.P. cost price of the sofa = 100/100 – loss% × SP
= 100/100 – 10 × 9000 = 100/100 – 11 × 3560
= 100/90 × 9000 = 100/89 × 3560
= 10000 Now, cost price of the sofa = 4000
Therefore C.P. = Rs 10000 Gain = 12%
Question no – (3) SP = 100 + gain%/100 × CP
Solution : = 100 + 12/100 × 4000
(a) Here, CP = Rs 400 = 112/100 × 4000
Overhead expense = Rs 100 = 448
New CP = (400 + 100) = 500 Therefore the selling price of the Sofa is Rs 448.
SP = Rs 450 Question no – (6)
∴ Loss% = Loss%/CP × 100 Solution :
= 50/500 × 100 Here,
= 10 Amount paid of the car = Rs 45.500
Therefore loss = 10% Repair expense = Rs 4500
(b) Here, ∴ Actual CP of the car
CP = Rs 500 = (45,500 + 4500)
Overhead expense = Rs 80 = 50,000
New CP = (500 + 80) = Rs 580 ∴ SP of the car = 53, 550
SP = Rs 609 Profit = SP – CP
Profit = SP – CP = 609 – 580 = 53,550 – 50,000
= 29 = 3,550
∴ Profit percentage = profit/CP × 100 ∴ Profit percentage,
= 29/580 × 100 = 3550/50,000 × 100
=5 = 71/10
∴ Profit percentage 5% = 7.1%
(c) Here, CP = Rs 350 ∴ Profit percentage 7.1%
Overhead expense = Rs 80 Question no – (7)
Gain = Rs 43 Solution :
New CP = (350 + 80) = 430 Amount paid of the 2nd hand
∴ Gain percentage = 43/430 × 100 Refrigerator = 4000
= 10 Painted expense = 350
∴ Gain percentage 10% Now, Actual CP
(d) Here, = (4000 + 350)
CP = 250 = Rs 4350
Overhead expense = 50 Profit% = 8%
New CP = (250 + 50) = 300 Now, SP = 100 + profit%/100 × CP
= 100 + 8/100 × 4350 = 2 × 99000
= 108/100 × 4350 = 198000
= 4,698 ∴ Total cost price of the cars,
Therefore the selling price of the refrigerator Rs 4698. = 90000 + 110000
Question no – (8) = 200,000
Solution : ∴ Loss = CP – SP
Cost of each item = Rs 600 = 200000 – 198000
∴ At 10% loss the item selling cost = 2000
= 600 – 600 × 10/100 ∴ Loss percentage
= 600 – 60 = 2000/200000 × 100
= 540 =1
Cost of whole item Therefore, the loss percentage 1%
= 3 × 600 Question no – (11)
= 1800 Solution :
∴ At 20% gain cost of all items Let, the S.P of both the fans are x
= 1800 + 1800 × 20/100 ∴ At 10% profit,
= 1800 + 360 C.P = 100/100 + profit% × S.P
= Rs 2160 = 100/100 + 10 × x
∴ Required price for selling the other two items = 100/110 × x
= 2160 – 540 = 10x/11
= 1620 Again, 10% loss
So, cost of selling of each item C.P = 100/100 – loss% × SP
= 1620/2 = 100/100 – 10 × x
= Rs 810 = 100x/90
Question no – (9) = 10x/9
Solution : Ratio of cost price of the two fans are
Here, = 10x/11 : 10x/9
Selling price = 54,720 = 1/11 : 1/9
Losses = 5% = 1/11 × 99 : 1/9 × 99
Cost price = 100/100 – loss% × SP = 9 : 11
= 100/100 – 5 × 54720 The cost price of both the fans are = 5000
= 100/95 × 54720 ∴ C.P of one fans
= 57,600 = 5000 × 9/20
∴ CP = 57,600 = 2250
Profit = 10% ∴ C.P of another fans
∴ Selling price = 100 + profit/100 × CP = (5000 – 2250)
= 100 + 10/100 × 57600 = Rs 2750
= 110/100 × 57600 Question no – (12)
= 63,360 Solution :
∴ Selling price of the article 63,360/-. Amount of 60kg butter at the rate of Rs 150 per kg
Question no – (10) = 60 × 150
Solution : = 9000/-
Selling price of each cars = 99000 ∴ Sold 1/3 of it at a loss of 6%
At 10% gains cost price of the car = 1/3 × 60kg
= 100/100 + gains% × SP = 20kg
= 100/100 + 10 × 99000 ∴ Cost price of 20kg butter
= 100/110 × 99000 = 20 × 150
= 90000 = 3000
Again, At 6% loss SP = 100 – loss%/100 × CP
At 10% losses cost price of the car = 100 – 6/100 × 3000
= 100/100 – loss% × SP = 94/100 × 3000
= 100/100 – 10 × 99000 = 2820
= 100/90 × 99000 At 10% gain or the whole deal = 100 + gain%/100 × CP
= 110000 = 100 + 10/100 × 9000
∴ Total selling price of the cars = 110 × 90
= 9900 = x/9
∴ Required price ∴ Profit = x/9/x × 100
= 9900 – 2820 = x/9 × x × 100
= 7080 = 100/9
∴ Selling price remaining per kg
= 7080/40
= 177 Rs
Question no – (13)
Solution :
Let the cost price of a chair = 100
At 10% profit selling price
= 100 + 10
= 110
At 15% profit selling price Therefore, profit percentage 11 1/9%
= 100 + 15 Question no – (16)
= 115 Solution :
∴ Difference of selling price Let, the cost price of an article = x
= 115 – 110 According to the question,
=5 SP of 5 article = CP of 4 articles
According to the question, = 4x
5 → 75 SP of 1 article = 4x/5
1 → 75/5 Hence, CP > SP therefore there is loss
= 15 ∴ Loss = CP – SP
Therefore the cost price of a chair = x – 4x/5
= 15 × 100 = 5x – 4x/5
= Rs 1500 = x/5
Question no – (14) ∴ Loss% = x/5/x × 100
Solution : = x × 100/5 × x
Let, the cost price of an article is = 100 = 20%
At, 15% profit selling price Therefore, loss percentage 20%
= 100 + 15 Question no – (17)
= 115 Solution :
Again, at 18% gained selling price Let, the cost price of an article is = 100
= 100 + 18 ∴ At 20% profit SP
= 118 = (100 + 20)
∴ Difference of selling price = 120
= 118 – 115 ∴ Total profit
=3 = (120 – 100)
According to the question, = 20
3 → 21 According to the question,
1 → 21/3 = 7 20 → 60
∴ Therefore the cost price of an article 1 → 60/20
= 7 × 100 =3
= Rs 700 ∴ The CP of an article
Question no – (15) = 3 × 100
Solution : = Rs 300
Let, the cost price of one orange = Rs x ∴ The SP of an article
According to the question, = 300 + 300 × 20/100
SP of 9 orange = CP of 10 orange = 300 + 60
= 10x = Rs 360
∴ SP of 1 orange = 10x/9 Question no – (18)
S.P > C.P, therefore there is profit Solution :
∴ Profit in selling one orange = SP – CP Let, the cost price of the article is = 100
= 10x/9 – x At 10% profit SP = 100 + 10
= 10x – 9x/9 = 110
Now, He bought it 20% less then = 425 – 34
Now, CP = (100 – 100 × 20/100) = Rs 391
= 80 ∴ The required SP = Rs 391
Profit = 40% Question no – (2)
SP = 80 + 80 × 40/100 Solution :
= 80 + 32 (a) Here,
= 112 SP = 666
Difference of SP = 112 – 110 Discount = 7 1/2% = 15/2%
=2 ∴ MRP = SP × 100/100 – discount
According to the question, = 666 × 100/100 – 15/2
2 → 10 = 66600/200 – 15/2
1 → 10/2 = 5 = 66600 × 2/185
Therefore the cost price of an article = Rs 500 = Rs 720
Question no – (19) Therefore the required MRP = 720
Solution : (b) Here,
Let, CP of a tablet computer = x SP = Rs 391
∴ SP of a tablet computer = x × 3/4 Discount = 80%
= 3x/4 ∴ MRP = SP × 100/100 – discount
Hence, C.P > S.P therefore there is loss = 391 × 100/100 – 80
∴ Loss = C.P – S.P = 391 × 100/20
= x – 3x/4 = Rs 1945
= 4x – 3x/4 ∴ Therefore the required MRP = 1945
= x/4 (c) Here,
∴ loss% = x/4/x × 100 SP = 8514
= x/4 × x × 100 Discount = 12%
= 25% ∴ MRP = SP × 100/100 – discount
Therefore the loss percentage 25% = 8514 × 100/100 – 12
Profit, Loss and Discount Exercise 9.2 Solution : = 8514 × 100/88
Question no – (1) = Rs 9675
Solution : ∴ Therefore the required MRP = 9675
(a) Here, (d) Here,
MP = Rs 20 SP = Rs 11932
Discount = 20% Discount = 5%
∴ SP = 20 – 20 × 20/100 ∴ MRP = SP × 100/100 – discount
= 20 – 4 = 11932 × 100/100 – 5
= 16 = 11932 × 100/95
∴ The required SP = Rs 16 = 12,560
(b) Here, Therefore the required MRP = 12560
MP = Rs 400 Question no – (3)
Discount =12 1/2% = 25/2% Solution :
∴ SP = 400 – 400 × 25/2 × 100 (a) Here,
= 400 – 50 MP = 5000
= Rs 350 SP = 4500
∴ The required SP = Rs 350 ∴ Discount = 5000 – 4500
(c) Here, = 500
MP = Rs 750 ∴ Discount percentage
Discount = 12% = 500/5000 × 100
∴ SP = 750 – 750 × 12/100 = 10
= 750 – 90 Therefore the discount percentage 10%
= Rs 660 (b) Here,
∴ The required SP = Rs 660 M.P = Rs 975
(d) Here, S.P = Rs 897
MP = Rs 425 ∴ Discount= 975 – 897
Discount = 8% = 78
SP = 425 – 425 × 8/100 ∴ Discount percentage = Discount/MRP × 100
= 78/975 × 100 = 4550 + 4550 × 20/100
=8 = 4550 + 910
Therefore the required discount percentage 8% = Rs 5460
(c) Here, ∴ (a) its selling price 5460/-
M.P = Rs 900 ∴ (b) SP = Rs 5460
S.P = Rs 801 Discount = 25%
∴ Discount M.P = SP × 100/100 – discount
= 900 – 801 = 5460 × 100/100 – 25
= 99 = 546000/75
∴ Discount percentage = Rs 7280
= 99/900 × 100 Hence, its marked price 7280/-
= 11% Question no – (7)
Therefore, the required discount percentage 11% Solution :
(d) Here, Here,
M.P = Rs 720 Cost price of gas burner = Rs 3750
S.P = Rs 684 (a) Marked price
∴ Discount = 720 – 684 = 3750 + 3750 × 40/100
= 36 = 3750 + 1500
∴ Discount percentage = Rs 5250
= 36/720 × 100 (b) Discount = 10%
= 5% then, selling price = 5254 – 5254 × 10/100
Therefore, the required discount percentage 5% = 5254 – 525
Question no – (4) = Rs 4725
Solution : (c) Here,
M.P of a Sari = Rs 4510 C.P = 3750
M.P of two Jeans = 2 × 1920 S.P = 4725
= Rs 3840 ∴ Profit% = 4725 – 3750/3750 × 100
∴ Total MP = (4510 + 3840) = 975/3750 × 100
= 8350 = 26
At 25% discount on all the items then, Therefore, profit percentage 26%
the outlay = 8350 – 8350 × 25/100 Question no – (8)
= 8350 – 2087.5 Solution :
= Rs 6262.5 Here,
Therefore the outlay Rs 6262.5 Marked price of a shirt = Rs 1500
Question no – (5) ∴ At 20% discount
Solution : ∴ Selling price
Let, the cost price = 100 = 1500 – 1500 × 20/100
∴ Marks his book 40% above, the cost price. = 1500 – 300
Therefore M.P = 100 + 100 × 40/100 = 1200
= Rs 140 Now, profit = 20%
Now, At discount 25% ∴ Cost price of a shirt
S.P = 140 – 140 × 25/100 = 100/100 + profit% × SP
= 140 – 35 = 100/100 + 20 × 1200
= 105 = 100/120 × 1200
∴ SP > MP, therefore there is gain. = Rs 1000
∴ Gain = 105 – 100 = Rs 5 ∴ Cost price the shirt Rs 1000
∴ Gain percentage Question no – (9)
= 5/100 × 100 Solution :
= 5% Here,
Therefore, the gain percentage 5% S.P = 1100
Question no – (6) Discount = 12%
Solution : (a) Marked price of the article
Here, cost price = Rs 4550 = S.P × 100/100 – discount
Gains% = 20% = 1100 × 100/100 – 12
∴ Selling price = 110000/88
= Rs 1250 ∴ GST charged
(b) Here, = 12% of 20000
S.P = 1100 = 12/100 × 20000
Gains = 10% = 2400
∴ The cost price in the transaction ∴ Net amount payment,
= 100/100 + gains% × SP = (20000 + 2400)
= 100/100 + 10 × 1100 = Rs 22400
= 100/110 × 110 Thus, customer has to pay Rs 22400 for the smart phone.
= Rs 1000 ∴ Percentage score in science
Therefore, the cost price 1000 Rs = 50/60 × 100
Question no – (10) = 83.34
Solution : ∴ Percentage score in mathematics
1st discount = 40% = 48/50 × 100
2nd discount = 20% = 96
Therefore the single discount ∴ Percentage score in social studies
= (40 + 20) – 40 × 20/100 = 32/40 × 100
= 60 – 8 = 80
= 52 ∴ The best performance is in mathematics.
∴ Single discount 52 Question no – (22)
Question no – (11) Solution :
Solution : Let, the original price = 100
1st discount (x1) = 20% After increase 20% the price
2nd discount (x2) = 5% = 100 + 20
∴ Marked price = Rs 35600 = 120
∴ Payment received in each by the shopkeeper for the AC Again, increase 20% of the price
= (1 – x1/100) (1 – x2/100) × MP = 120 × 20/100
= (1 – 20/100) (1 – 5/100) × 35600 = 24
= (100 – 20/100) (100 – 5/100) × 35600 ∴ Total price,
= 80/100 × 95/100 × 35600 = (120 + 24)
= Rs 27056 = 144
Therefore the selling price 27056/- ∴ Percentage
Question no – (12) = 144 – 100/100 × 100
Solution : = 44/100 × 100
Let, the marked price of an article = 44%
= 100 in two different store Question no – (23)
∴ The 1st store allows two successive discount 23% and Solution :
28% then, Total number of students = 2000
SP = (1 – 23/100) (1 – 28/100) × 100 ∴ Total number of girls = 800
= (100 – 23/100) (100 – 28/100) × 100 ∴ Total number of boys
= 77/100 × 72/100 × 100 = (2000 – 800)
= Rs 55.44 = 1200
2nd store allows 35% discount then ∴ 80% of the girls passed
SP = (100 – 100 × 35/100) Rs = 800 × 80/100
= 100 – 35 = 640
= Rs 75 ∴ Failed girls student
∴ 1st store is better offer. = (800 – 640)
Question no – (13) = 160
Solution : ∴ 70% of the boys passed
Marked price of a smart phone = Rs 25000 = 1200 × 70/100
Discount = 20% of 25000 = 840
= 20/100 × 25000 ∴ Failed boys student,
= 5000 = (1200 – 840)
∴ Amount of discount = 360
= (25000 – 5000) ∴ Total number of failed student,
= 20000 = 160 + 360
= 520 Number in days in March = 31
∴ Percentage of failed student, Number in days April = 30
= 520/2000 × 100 Number in days in May = 31
= 26% Number in days in June = 30
∴ Percentage of failed students 26%. Number in days in July = 31
Number in days in August = 21
Joy of Mathematics Class 8 Solutions Chapter 10 Total number of days = 219
Simple and Compound Interest ∴ T = 219/365 = 0.6
Exercise 10.1 Solution : Now, SI = 18000 × 9 × 0.6/100 × 10
Question on – (1) = Rs 972
Solution : Therefore the required interest Rs 972
Here, Question no – (5)
(P) Principal = Rs 5575 Solution :
(R) Rate of interest = 12% Here,
(T) Time = 5 years Principle (P) = 73,000
We know, Rate of interest (R) = 15%
Simple interest (SI) = PRT/100 Time = 8th April 1999 to 7th August 1999
= 5575 × 12 × 5/100 Number of days in April = 22
= 3345 Number of days in May = 31
Therefore, the required simple interest Rs 3345 Number of days in June = 30
Question no – (2) Number of days in July = 31
Solution : Number of days in August = 7
Here, ∴ Total number of days = 121
P = Rs 9750 ∴ T = 121/365 = 0.33
R = 2.5 per month ∴ SI = 73000 × 15 × 0.33/100 × 100
T = 2 years = Rs 3613.5
= 2 × 12 month ∴ Amount she pay
= 24 month = Principal + Interest
∴ SI = PRT/100 = 73000 + 3613.5
= 9750 × 2.5 × 24/100 × 10 = Rs 76613.5
= Rs 5850 Question no – (6)
Therefore, the required simple interest Rs 5850 Solution :
Now, Amount = Principal + Interest Here,
= 9750 + 5850 Principal (P) = 46,5000
= Rs 15600 R = 20%
Therefore, the required amount Rs 15600 T = 3rd January 2013 to 17th march
Question no – (3) Number of days in January = 28
Solution : Number of days in February = 28
Here, Number of days in March = 17
Principal (P) = Rs 5600 ∴ Total number of days = 63
R = 2 1/8% = 17/8% = 0.17
Time (T) = 3 1/4 years ∴ S.I = 46,5000 × 20 × 0.17/100 × 100
= 13/4 years = 158100/10
∴ Simple interest (SI) = PRT/100 = Rs 15810
= 5600 × 17 × 13/100 × 8 × 4 ∴ Amount did he have to pay
= 386.75 = 465000 + 15810
Therefore, the interest Rs 386.75 = Rs 480810
Question no – (4) Question no – (7)
Solution : Solution :
Here, Here,
P = 18,000 Principal = 54,000
R = 9% Amount = 64,125
T = 14th January 2015 to 21st August 2015 ∴ Amount = Principal + interest
Number in days in January = 17 => Interest = Amount – Principal
Number in days in February = 28 = 64,125 – 54000
= 10,125 => 4P = 108707.5 × 100
Now, => P = 108707.5 × 100/4 × 10
R = 7 1/2% = Rs 2717687.5
= 15/2 ∴ Money at 4% Pa is Rs 2717687.5
∴ SI = PRT/100 Question no – (11)
=> T = SI × 100/PR Solution :
= 10,125 × 100 × 2/54000 × 15 Here,
= 2.5 Neha borrowed = Rs 5400
Therefore, the required time 2.5 years. Priya borrowed = Rs 6000
Question no – (8) Let, the rate of interest = r
Solution : Time = 1 3/5 = 8/5 years
Here, For Neha,
Interest = 340 SI1 = 5400 × r × 8/5 × 100
Time = 4 years = 432r/5
Rate (R) = 8 1/2% For Priya,
= 17/2% SI2 = 6000 × r × 8/5 × 100
∴ SI = PRT/100 = 96r
=> 340 = P × 17 × 4/2 × 100 According to the question,
=> P = 2 × 100 × 340/17 × 4 SI2 – SI1 = 240
= Rs 1000 => 96r – 432r/5 = 240
Therefore, required sum deposited in the bank Rs 1000. => 480r – 432r/5 = 240
Question no – (9) => r = 240 × 5/48
Solution : = 25%
Here, Therefore, the rate of interest 25%
P = Rs 1500 Question no – (12)
R = 3% Solution :
T = 3 years The simple interest on a sum of money is 1/16 of the
∴ SI = PRT/100 principal.
= 1500 × 3 × 3/100 Therefore,
= 135 Principal = 16x
∴ Total SI = 135 + 500 Simple interest = x
= 635 and,
∴ He still owner = 500 + 635 Let, the rate of interest and time same = r
= Rs 1135 ∴ SI = PRT/100
Question no – (10) => x = 16x × r × r/100
Solution : => 16r2 = 100
1st invests => r2 = 100/16
R = 4% => r = √100/16
T = 1 years = √10 × 10/4 × 4
Let, principal = P = 10/4
∴ SI1 = P × 4 × 1/100 = 5/2
= 4P/100
2nd invests
P = 156500
R = 4 1/2 = 9/2%
T = 1year
SI = PRT/100
=> SI2 = 156500 × 9 × 1/2 × 100
= 9 × 1565/2
According to the question,
∴ Rate of interest 2 1/2%
SI1 + SI2 = 115750
Question no – (13)
=> 4P/100 + 9 × 1565/2
Solution :
= 115750
Here,
=> 4P/100 = 115750 – 7042.5
Principal = 2000
=> 4P/100 = 108707.5
Rate of interest = 5% Let, x and (5400 – x) be invested into two parts.
Time = 2 years For 1st part,
∴ SI = 2000 × 5 × 2/100 r = 5%, T = 4years
= 20 × 10 P=x
= 200 ∴ SI = x × 5 × 4/100
∴ After 2 years he should return = Principal + Interest = 20x/100
= 2000 + 200 and,
= Rs 2200 2nd part
Question no – (14) r = 15%, T = 2 years
Solution : P = 5400 – x
Let, the sum be = Rs x ∴ SI = (5400 – x) × 2 × 15/100
T1 = 3 1/3 = 13/4 years According to the question, two interest are some,
R1 = 4 1/2% = 9/2% 20x/100 = (5400 – x) × 30/100
Now, => 2x = 16200 – 3x
T2 = 2 years => 5x = 16200
R2 = 5% => x = 3240
Now, ∴ 2nd part = (5400 – 3240) = Rs 2160
SI1 = x × 9/2 × 13/4/100 Simple and Compound Interest
= x × 9 × 13/2 × 4 × 100 Exercise 10.2 Solution :
= 117x/800 Question no – (1)
and SI2 = x × 5 × 2/100 Solution :
= x × 10/100 (a) Here,
= x/10 Principal (P) = Rs 300
According to the question, Rate of interest (R) = 5%
SI1 – SI2 = 1221 Time (t) = 3 years
=> 117x/800 – x/10 = 1221 ∴ Amount (A) = P (1 + R/100)T
=> 117x – 80x/800 = 1221 = 300 (1 + 5/100)3
=> 37x/800 = 1221 = 300 × (100 + 5/100)3
=> x = 1221 × 800/37 = 300 × 105/100 × 105/100 × 105/100
= Rs 26400 = 3472875/10000
Therefore, the required sum Rs 26400 = Rs 347.2875
Question no – (15) ∴ Compound interest (CI) = A – P
Solution : = 347.28 – 300
Let, the rate of interest be r and sum be P = Rs 47.28
∴ Amount = 6P, T = 15years Therefore the required amount 347.287 and compound
∴ SI = Amount – Principal interest Rs 47.28
= 6P – P (b) Here,
= 5P P = 4000
Now, R = 2%
S.I = PRT/100 T = 3 years
=> 5P = P × r × 15/100 ∴ A = P (1 + R/100)T
=> r = 100 × 5/15 = 4000 (1 + 2/100)3
= 100/3 = 4000 × 102/100 × 102/100 × 102/100
= 4244832/1000
= 4244.832
∴ CI = A – P
= 4244.832 – 4000
= 244.832
Therefore, the required amount 4244.832 and the
compound interest Rs 244.832
(c) Here,
P = 5000
Therefore, the rate of interest 33 1/3% R = 5%
Question no – (16) T = 3 years
Solution : ∴ A = P (1 + R/100)T
= 5000 (1 + 5/100)3 2nd year interest (R2) = 7%, Time = 1 year
= 5000 (1 + 1/20)3 ∴ A2 = P (1 + R2/100)T
= 5000 (21/20)3 = 20,000 (1 + 7/100)1
= 5000 × 21/20 × 21/20 × 21/20 = 20,000 × 107/100
= 105 × 21 × 21/8 = Rs 21400
= 46305/8 3rd year interest (R3) = 10%, Time = 1 year
= 5788.125 A3 = P (1 + R3/100)T
∴ C.I = A – P = 20,000 (1 + 10/100)1
= 5788.125 – 5000 = 20,000 (11/10)
= Rs 788.125 = 22000
Therefore, the required amount Rs 5788.125 and ∴ Total amount = A1 + A2 + A3
compound interest Rs 788.125 = 21000 + 21400 + 22000
(d) Here, = Rs 64400
P = 10,000 Therefore, compound interest = Amount – principal
R = 4% = 64400 – 20,000
T = 2 years = Rs 24400
Now, Question no – (4)
A = P (1 + R/100)T Solution :
= 10,000 (1 + 4/100)2 Here,
= 10,000 (1 + 1/25)2 Principal (P) = 5000
= 10,000 × 26/25 × 26/25 Rate (R) = 10%
= 6760,000/625 Time (T) = 5years
= Rs 10816 ∴ SI = PRT/100
∴ CI = A – P = 5000 × 10 × 5/100
= 10816 – 10,000 = Rs 2500
= Rs 816 and
Therefore, the required amount Rs 10816 and the A = P (1 + R/100)T
compound interest Rs 816 = 5000 (1 + 10/100)5
Question no – (2) = 5000 × 11 × 11 × 11 × 11 × 11/10 × 10 × 10 × 10 × 10
Solution : = 805,255/100
Here, = Rs 8052.55
Principal (P) = Rs 15000 ∴ Compound interest = A – P
Rate (R) = 12% = 8052.55 – 5000
Time (T) = 3 years = Rs 3052.55
Now, ∴ Difference between compound and simple interest = CI
Amount (A) = P (1 + R/100)T – SI
= 15000 (1 + 12/100)3 = (3052.55 – 2500) Rs
= 15000 (112/100)3 = Rs 552.55
= 15000 × 112 × 112 × 112/100 × 100 × 100 Therefore, the required difference Rs 552.55
= 21073920/1000 Question no – (5)
= Rs 21073.92 Solution :
∴ Compound interest = A – P Here,
= 21073.92 – 15000 Principal (P) = 15000
= Rs 6073.92 Time (T) = 3 years
Therefore the required compound interest Rs 6073.72 Rate of interest (R) = 5%
Question no – (3) ∴ Amount = P (1 + R/100)T
Solution : = 15000 (1 + 5/100)3
Here, = 15000 × (1 + 1/20)3
Principal (P) = Rs 20,000 = 15000 (21/20)3
1st year interest (R1) = 5%, T = 1 year = 15000 × 21 × 21 × 21/20 × 20 × 20
A1 = P (1 + R1/100)T = Rs 17364.375
= 20,000 (1 + 5/100)1 Therefore, Aryan will get on amount Rs 17364.375 of the
= 20,000 × 105/100 fixed deposit.
= 200 × 105 Question no – (6)
= Rs 21000 Solution :
Let, the sum be = x => 306 = x {676 – 625/625}
Rate (R) = 8% => 306 = x × 51/625
Time (T) = 1.5 years => x = 306 × 625/51
Now, => x = Rs 3750
SI = PRT/100 Therefore, the required principal Rs 3750
=> 360 = P × 8 × 1.5/100 × 10 Question no – (9)
=> P = 3600 × 100/8 × 15 Solution :
=> P = 3000 Here,
Now, Amount (A) = 8820
Principal (P) = Rs 3000 Time (T) = 2 years
Rate (R) = 8% Rate of interest (R) = 5%
Time (T) = 1.5 × 2 Let, Principal (P) = x
= 3 year. Now,
∴ Amount (A) = P (1 + R/100)T A = P (1 + R/100)T
= 3000 (1 + 8/100)3 => 8820 = x (1 + 5/100)2
= 3000 (27/25)3 => 8820 = x (1 + 1/20)2
= 3000 × 27 × 27 × 27/25 × 25 × 25 => 8820 = x (20 + 1/20)2
= Rs 3779.136 => 8820 = x × 21/20 × 21/20
∴ Compound interest (CI) = A – P => x = 8820 × 20 ×20/21 × 21
= 3779.136 – 3000 = 8000
= Rs 779.136 ∴ Principal = Rs 8000
Therefore the required compound interest Rs 779.136 Question no – (10)
Question no – (7) Solution :
Solution : (a) Here,
Here, Amount (A) = Rs 729
P = 15000 Principal (P) = Rs 625
R = 8% Time (T) = 2 years
T = 1 1/2 = 3/2 We have,
Interest payable half yearly A = P (1 + R/100)T
Now, R = 8/2 = 4% => 729 = 625 (1 + R/100)2
T = 3/2 × 2 = 3 year => 729/625 = (1 + R/100)2
Now, => (1 + R/100) = √729/625
A = P (1 + R/100)T => (1 + R/100) = 27/25 – 1
= 15000 (1 + 4/100)3 => R/100 = 27 – 25/25
= 15000 (1 + 1/25)3 => R/100 = 2/25
= 15000 × (26/25)3 => R = 2 × 100/25
= 15000 × 26 × 26 × 26/25 × 25 × 25 => R = 8%
= Rs 16872.96 Therefore, the required rate 8%
∴ Compound interest = A – P (b) Here,
= 16872.96 – 15000 A = Rs 1458
= Rs 1872.96 P = Rs 1250
Therefore, the required compound interest Rs 1872.96 T = 2 years
Question no – (8) Rate = R%
Solution : Now,
Here, A = P (1 + R/100)T
T = 2 years => 1458 = 1250 (1 + R/100)2
R = 4% => 1458/1250 = (1 + R/100)2
CI = 306 => √1458/1250 = (1 + R/100)
Let, principal = x => 38/35 = 1 + R/100
Now, => 1 + R/100 = 38/35
C.I = P (1 + R/100)T – P => R/100 = 38/35 – 1
=> 306 = x (1 + 4/100)2 – x => R/100 = 38 – 35/35
=> 306 = x (25 + 1/25)2 – x => R/100 = 3/35
=> 306 = x (26/25)2 – x => R = 3 × 100/35
=> 306 = x {(26/25)2 – 1} = 300/35
= 60/7 Time (T) = 3 years
Now,
S.I = PRT/100
= x × 5 × 3/100
= 3x/20
and,
C.I = P (1 + R/100)T – P
= x (1 + 5/100)3 – x
According to the question,
x (1 + 5/100)3 – x- 3x/20 = 183
Therefore rate 8 4/7% => x (1 + 1/20)3 – x – 3x/20 = 183
Question no – (11) =? x (21/20)3 – x – 3x/20 = 183
Solution : => x (9261/8000 – 1 – 3/20) = 183
Here, => x (9261 – 8000 – 1200/8000) = 183
Amount (A) = Rs 676 => x (9261 – 9200/8000) = 183
Principal = Rs 625 => x (61/8000) = 183
Rate (R) = 4% => x = 183 × 8000/61
Let, Time = T = 24000
Now, Therefore, the required principal Rs 24000
A = P (1 + R/100)T Simple and Compound Interest
=> 676 = 625 (1 + 4/100)T Exercise 10.3 Solution :
=> 676/625 = (1 + 4/100)T Question no – (1)
=> 676/625 = (26/25)T Solution :
=> (26/25)2 = (26/25)T Here,
=> T = 2 Initial population (P) = 32000
Therefore the required time 2 years. Rate of growth (R) = 5%
Question no – (12) Time (T) = 2 years
Solution : ∴ Find population (A) = P (1 + R/100)T
Here, = 32000 (1 + 5/100)2
Amount (A) = Rs 12167 = 32000 (1 + 1/20)2
Principal (P) = 8000 = 32000 (21/20)2
Rate (R) = 15% = 32000 × 21 × 21/20 × 20
Time = T = 1680 × 21
Now, = 35280
A = P (1 + R/100)T ∴ After2 years its population will be 35280
=> 12167 = 8000 (1 + 15/100)T Question no – (2)
=> 12167/8000 = (1 + 3/20)T Solution :
=> 12167/8000 = (23/20)T Here,
=> (23/20)3 = (23/20)T Principal = 40,000
=> T = 3 Rate of interest (R) = 8%
Therefore, the required time 3 years. Time = 1 year
Question no – (14) ∴ Interest is calculated half yearly
Solution : Rate (R) = 8/2 = 4%
A = P (1 + R/100)T Time (T) = 1 × 2 = 2 years
=> 729 = 625 (1 + 8/100)T ∴ Amount (A) = P (1 + R/100)T
=> 729 = 625 (1 + 2/25)T = 40,000 (1 + 4/100)2
=> 729 = 625 (27/25)T = 40,000 (1 + 1/25)2
=> 729/625 = (27/25)T = 40,000 (26/25)2
=> (27/25)2 = (27/25)T = 40,000 × 26 × 26/25× 25
=> T = 2 = Rs 43264
Therefore the required time 2 years. ∴ She get after one year Rs 43264
Question no – (15) Question no – (3)
Solution : Solution :
Let, the principal be = x Here,
Rate (r) = 5% P = Rs 99,000
R1 = 10% => The expressions x-3 + 1/√3 contains negative powers.
R2 = 10% Therefore this is not polynomial.
T = 2 years (f) Given, x1/2 + x3/2 + x5/2 + 3
∴ A = P (1 + R1/100) (1 – R1/100) => The expressions x1/2 + x3/2 + x5/2 + 3 contains fractions
= 99000 (1 + 10/100) (1 – 10/100) power.
= 99000 (11/10) (9/10) Therefore this is not polynomial.
Question no – (4) (g) Given, (√x + 1/√x)3
Solution : = (√x)3 + 3(√x)2.1/√x + 3.√x (1/√x)2 + (1/√x)3
Here, = x3/2 + 3√x + 3/√x + 1/x3/2
P = 1000000 ∴ This expressions contains negative power and fractions
r = 10% power.
T = 2 years Therefore this is not polynomial.
∴ A = P (1 – r/100)T (h) Given, (x3 – 1)2 – (1 – x)3
= 1000000 (1 – 10/100)2 = (x3)2 – 2.x3.1 + (1)2 – {13 – 3.x2.1 + 3.x.12 – x3}
= 1000000 × 90/10 × 9/10 = x6 – 2x3 + 1 – 1 + 3x2 – 3x + x3
= 810000 = x6 – x3 + 3x2 – 3x
∴ The value of after 2 years 810000 ∴ This expression contains whole number power and non-
Question no – (5) negative powers.
Solution : Therefore this is a polynomial.
Here, Question no – (2)
P = 10000 Solution :
R = 12.5% (a) Given, x3 – 7x
T = 20 = Degree of the polynomial = 3 [∵ highest power of the
∴ The required amount = 10,000 (1 + 12.5/100)20 variable = 3]
= 10,000 (112.5/100)20 (b) Given, x3 + 3x2 – 7
= 10,000 (1.125)20 à given = Degree of the polynomial = 3 [Highest power of the
= 10,000 × 10.545 variable = 3]
= 10,5450 (c) Given, 5x2 + 7x + 1
∴ The amount will be R 10,5450. = Degree of the polynomial = 2 [Highest power of the
variable = 2]
Joy of Mathematics Class 8 Solutions (d) Given, 1 – 7x – 5x2
Chapter 11 Algebraic Expressions = Degree of the polynomial = 2 [Highest power of the
Exercise 11.1 Solution variable = 2]
Question no – (1) (e) Given, x + x7 + 3x3
Solution : = Degree of the polynomial = 7 [Highest power of the
(a) Given, 1/2x2 + 3/7 x + 4 variable = 7]
=> The expressions 1/2x2 + 3/7 x + 4 contains variables (f) Given, 2x2 + 7x6 – x – 7x5
whose powers are whole numbers and not fractions. = Degree of the polynomial = 6 [∵ Highest power of the
Therefore this is a polynomial. variable]
(b) Given, x3 + x7 + x9 (g) Given, 20
=> The expressions x3 + x7 + x9 contains variables whose = Degree of the polynomial = 0 [There is no variable]
powers are whole numbers and not fractions. (h) Given, 1/20
Therefore this is a polynomial. = Degree of the polynomial = 0 [There is no variable]
(c) Given, (√x + 2/√x)2 Question no – (3)
= (√x)2 + 2√x.2/√x + (2/√x)2 [∵ (a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2] Solution :
= x + 4 + 4/x (a) Every binomial is a polynomial.
= 4 + x + 4.x-1 = True
The expressions x + 4 + 4x-1 contains negative powers, (b) A monomial is also a polynomial.
Therefore this is not polynomials. = True
(d) Given, √x + 2/√x + 7 (c) A binomial may have degree 5.
=> x1/2 + 2.x-1/2 + 7 = True
The expressions x1/2 + 2x-1/2 + 7 contains negative power [∵ Binomial contains 2 term not depended in degree]
and fractions. (d) A polynomial can have negative powers.
Therefore this is not polynomial. = False
(e) Given, x-3 + 1/√3 [∵ Polynomial always contains non-negative power]
(e) A polynomial can have degree zero. = x2 + 2x2 + 5x2 + y2 – 3y2/5 + 2y2 + z2+ 2z2 – 5z2/7 (By
= False rearranging)
[∵ 6 this is one type of polynomial and its degree is zero] = 8x2 + 5y2 – 3y2 + 10y2/5 + 7z2 + 14z2 – 5z2/7
(f) The degree of polynomial xy is 2. = 8x2 + 12y2/5 + 16z2/7
= True ∴ Thus the required sum 8x2 + 12y2/5 + 16z2/7
[∵ Sum of power of variable = 1 + 1 = 2, therefore this (e) 3x + y – 4z/7 – 5, 2x – 3y + z + 5/6 and x + y + 2z- 4
polynomials degree is 2] = (3x – y – 4z/7 – 5) + (2x – 3y + z + 5/6) + (x+ y + 2z –
Question no – (4) 4)
Solution : = 3x + y – 4z/7 – 5 + 2x – 3y + z + 5/6 + x + y + 2z- 4
(a) Given, 3x2y = 3x + 2x + x + y – 3y + y – 4z/7 + z + 2z – 5 + 5/6 – 4
= Numerical coefficient = 3 (By rearranging)
Literal coefficient = x2y = 6x – y – 4z + 7z + 14z/7 – 30 + 5 – 24/6
(b) Given, √5 x2y3z = 6x – y – 25z/7 – 11/6
= Numerical coefficient = √5 ∴ Thus the required sum 6x – y – 25z/7 – 11/6
∴ Literal coefficient = x2y3z (f) (x2 + xy + y2) + (2x2 – 2xy + y2) + (3x2 + xy/2 – 3y2)
(c) Given, – 3/2 pq2 = x2 + xy + y2 + 2x2 – 2xy + y2 + 3x2 + xy/2 – 3y2
= Numerical coefficient = -3/2 = x2 + 2x2 + 3x2 + xy – 2xy + xy/2 + y2 + y2 – 3y2 (By
∴ Literal coefficient = pq2 rearranging)
Question no – (5) = 6x2 – xy + xy/2 – y2
Solution : = 6x2 – 2xy + xy/2 – y2
(a) Given, 3x2y, √5/3 x2y = 6x2 – 3xy/2 – y2
= This is pairs of like terms. ∴ Thus the required sum 6x2 – 3xy/2 – y2
[∵ Literal coefficients are same] Question no – (2)
(b) Given, 2/3a2b2, 7p2q2 Solution :
= This is not pairs of like terms. (a) x3 + 2y3 – z3 + 6xyz, – x3 + 3y3 + z3 + 9xyz and 2x3 +
Since, literal coefficient is not same. 3y3 + z3 – 18xyz
(c) Given, 17/6a2b2c2, 9a2bc = Column method
= This is not the pairs of like terms. x3 + 2y3 – z3 + 6xyz
(d) Given, PQR, P × q × r – x3 + 3y3 + z3 + 9xyz
= This is the pairs of like terms. + 2x3 + 3y3 + z3 – 18xyz
Algebraic Expressions Exercise 11.2 Solution : _________________________
Question no – (1) 2x3 + 8y3 + z3 – 3xyz
Solution : ∴ Thus the required sum 2x3 + 8y3 + z3 – 3xyz
(a) x + 5 and 3x – 7 (b) x2 + y2 + z2 – 2xy + 2yz + 2zx, x2 + y2 + 4z2 + 2xy +
= (x+ 5) + (3x – 7) 4yz + 4zx and 9x2 + y2 + z2 – 6xy + 2yz – 6zx
= x + 3x + 5 – 7 (By rearranging) = Column method
= 4x – 2 x2 + y2 + z2 – 2xy + 2yz + 2zx
∴ Thus the required sum 4x – 2. x2 + y2 + 4z2 + 2xy + 4yz + 4zx
(b) 2xy – 5yz, 4xy – 4yz and – 3xy + 8yz + 9x2 + y2 + z2 – 6xy + 2yz – 6zx
= (2xy – 5yz) + (4xy – 4yz) + (- 3xy + 8yz) __________________________________
= 2xy + 4xy – 3xy – 5yz – 4yz + 8yz (By rearranging) 12x2 + 3y2 + 6z2 – 6xy + 6yz – 0
= 3xy – yz ∴ Thus the required sum 12x2 + 3y2 + 6z2 – 6xy + 6yz
∴ Thus the required sum (3xy – yz). (c) 7x + 8x3 – 3x2 – 5, 3 + 2x2 – 5x3 + 4x and 2x3 – 2x2 +
(c) a + b + c, a + b – c, a + c – b and b + c – a 5x + 1
= (a + b + c) + (a + b – c) + (a + c – b) + (b + c – a) = Column method
=a+b+c+a+b–c+a+x–b+b+c–a 7x + 8x3 – 3x2 – 5
= a + a + a – a + b + b – b + b + c – c + c + c (By 4x – 5x3 + 2x2 + 3
rearranging) + 5x+ 2x3 – 2x2 + 1
= 2a + 2b + 2c _________________________
∴ Thus the required sum 2a + 2b + 2c. 16x + 5x3 – 3x2 – 1
(d) (x2 + y2 + z2), (2x2 – 3y2/5 + 2z2), and (5x2 + 2y2 – ∴ Thus the required sum 16x + 5x3 – 3x2 – 1
5z2/7) (d) 5a4 – 2a3 + 5a2, 6a3 + 2a – 5 and – 5a3 – 2a + 4
= (x2 + y2 + z2) + (2x2 – 3y2/5 + 2z2) + (5x2 + 2y2 – 5z2/7) = Column method
= x2 + y2 + z2 + 2x2 – 3y2/5 + 2z2 + 5x2 + 2y2 – 5z2/7 5a4 – 2a3 + 5a2
+ 6a3 + 2a – 5
+ – 5a3 – a3 + 5a2 + 0 – 1 = Column method
∴ Thus the required sum 5a4 – a3 + 5a2 – 1 3y4 + 5yz + 7xy + 2xyz + 5x4
Question no – (3) y4 + 4yz + 2xy – xyz + 3x4
Solution : (-) (-) (-) (+) (-)
(a) 2x2 – y + 2z from 3x2 – 2y + 3z _________________________
= (3x2 – 2y + 3z) – (2x2 – y + 2z) 2y4 + 4yz + 5xy + 5xyz + 2x4
= 3x2 – 2y + 3z – 2x2 + y – 2z ∴ Thus the required difference 2y4 + 4yz + 5xy + 5xyz +
= 3x2 – 2x2 – 2y + y + 3z – 2z (By rearranging) 2x4
= x2 – y + z Question no – (5)
∴ Thus the required difference x2 – y + z Solution :
(b) x3 – x2y2 + y3 from x4 – x2y2 + y4 (a) 5x3 – 2x2 + 3x – 7 – 3x3 + 5x2 – 5x – 3 + 5x + 6
= (x4 – x2y2 + y4) – (x3 – x2y2 + y3) = 5x3 – 3x3 – 2x2 + 5x2 + 3x – 5x + 5x – 7 – 3 + 6 (By
= x4 – x2y2 + y4 – x3 + x2y2 – y3 rearranging)
= x4 + y4 – x2y2 + x2y2 – x3 – y3 (By rearranging) = 2x3 + 3x2 + 3x – 4
= x4 + y4 – 0 – x3 – y3 ∴ Thus the required solution 2x3 + 3x2 + 3x – 4
∴ Thus the required difference x4 + y4 – x3 – y3 (b) 2a4 – 3a3 + 2a2 – 8 + 5a3 – a + 5a2 + 10 – a4
(c) – 2a4 + 2a2b2 + b4/5 from – a4 – a3b + 3a2b2/2 – ab3 + = 2a4 – a4 – 3a3 + 5a3 + 2a2 + 5a2 – a – 8 + 10 (By
2b2/7 rearranging)
= (- a4 – a3b + 3a2b2/2 – ab3 + 2b2/7) – (2a4 + 2a2b2 + b4/5) = 3a4 + 2a3 + 7a2 – a + 2
= – a4 – a2b + 3a2b2/2 – ab3 + 2b2/7 – 2a4 – 2a2b2 – b4/5 ∴ Thus the required solution 3a4 + 2a3 + 7a2 – a + 2
= – a4 – 2a4 – a2b – ab3 + 3a2b2/2 – 2a2b2 + 2b2/7 – b4/5 (c) 3a2 – 2ab + 4a – 3b + 7ab – 5a + 4a2 + 2b
(By rearranging) = 3a2 + 4a2 – 2ab + 7ab + 4a – 5a – 3b + 2b
= – 3a4 – a3b – ab3 + 3a2b2 – 4a2b2/2 + 2b2/7 – b4/5 = 7a2 + 5ab – a – b
= – 3a4 – a3b – ab3 – a2b2/2 + 2b2/7 – b4/5 ∴ Thus the required solution 7a2 + 5ab – a – b.
∴ Thus the required difference – 3a4 – a3b – ab3 – a2b2/2 + (d) (5x4 – 12x2y2 + y4) – (x4 – 8x2y2 + 6y4)
2b2/7 – b4/5 = 5x4 – 12x2y2 + y4 – x4 + 8x2y2 – 6y4
Question no – (4) = 5x4 – x4 – 12x2y2 + 8x2y2 + y4 – 6y4 (By rearranging)
Solution : = 4x4 – 4x2y2 – 5y4
(a) 3a2 + 2b2 – c2 + 2ab + 1 from 5a2 + 7b2 + 2c2 + 5ab + ∴ Thus the required solution 4×4 – 4x2y2 – 5y4
6 (e) (7a2 + 3ab + 4b2) + (a2 – ab) + (- 4a2 + 5b2)
= Column method = 7a2 + 3ab + 4b2 + a2 – ab – 4a2 + 5b2
5a2 + 7b2 + 2c2 + 5ab + 6 = 7a2 – 4a2 + 4b2 + 5b2 + 3ab – ab (By rearranging)
3a2 + 2b2 – c2 + 2ab + 1 = 3a2 + 9b2 + 2ab
(-) (-) (+) (-) (-) ∴ Thus the required solution 3a2 + 9b2 + 2ab
_________________________ (f) (3x3 – 4x2 – x + 5) – (x3 – x2 – 3x – 2) + (x3 – 2x2 + 7x
2a2 + 5b2 + 3c2 + 3ab + 5 + 1)
∴ Thus the required difference 2a2 + 5b2 + 3c2 + 3ab + 5 = 3x3 – 4x2 – x + 5 – x3 + x2 + 3x + 2 + x3 – 2x2 + 7x + 1
(b) 2x2 + 3y2 + z2 – 2xyz from 3x2 – 2y2 – z2 + 5xyz = 3x3 + x3 – x3 – 4x2 + x2 – 2x2 – x + 3x + 7x + 5 + 2 + 1
= Column method (By rearranging)
3x2 – 2xy2 – z2 + 5xyz = 3x3 – 5x2 + 9x + 8
2x2 + 3y2 + z2 – 2xyz ∴ Thus the required solution 3x3 – 5x2 + 9x + 8
(-) (-) (-) (+) (g) (3abc + 2ca + 2ab) – (- 4abc – 2ca + ab) – (abc + 4ca
___________________ + ab)
x2 – 5y2 – 2z2 + 7xyz = 3abc + 2ca + 2ab + 4abc + 2ca – ab – abc – 4ca – ab
∴ Thus the required difference x2 – 5y2 – 2z2 + 7xyz = 3abc + 4abc – abc + 2ca + 2ab – ab – ab + 4ca [By
(c) 5x + 2 – 3x2 + x3 + 3x4 from 5x4 + 2x3 + 2x2 – 3x + 7 rearranging]
= Column method = 6abc + 8ca
5x4 + 2x3 + 2x2 – 3x + 7 ∴ Thus the required solution 6abc + 8ca
3x4 + x3 – 3x2 + 5x + 2 Question no – (6)
(-)(-) (+) (-) (-) Solution :
_________________________ Subtract x2 – y2 from 3 – 5xy/2 – 2y2
2x4 – x3 + 5x2 – 8x + 5 = (3 – 5xy/2 – 2y2) – (x2 – y2)
∴ Thus the required difference 2x4 – x3 + 5x2 – 8x + 5 = 3 – 5xy/2 – 2y2 – x2 + y2
(d) 3x4 – 3xyz + 2xy + 4yz + y4 from 3y4 + 5yz+ 7xy + = 3 – 5xy/2 – y2 – x2 …….. (i)
2xyz + 5x4 Sum of (5xy – x2 – y2) and 2x2 + 3y2/2
= 5xy – x2 – y2 + 2x2 + 3y2/2 = 8x2 + 7x + 2 ……. (i)
= 5xy + x2 + 3y2/2 – y2 Now,
= 5xy + x2 + 3y2 – 2y2/2 Sum of (8x2 – 3x + 8) and (3x2 + 4x + 7)
= 5xy + x2 + y2/2 …….. (ii) = 2x2 – 3x + 8 + 3x2 + 4x + 7
(i) added to (ii) = 2x2 + 3x2 – 3x + 4x + 8 + 7 (By rearranging)
3 – 5xy/2 – y2 – x2 + 5xy + x2 + y2/2 = 5x2 + x + 15 ……. (ii)
= 3 – 5xy/2 + 5xy – y2 + y2/2 – x2 + x2 (By rearranging) Subtracted (ii) from (i) we get,
= 3 – 5xy + 10xy/2 – 2y2 + y2/2 – 0 (5x2 + x + 15) – (8x2 + 7x + 2)
= 3 – 15xy/2 – y2/2 = 5x2 + x + 15 – 8x2 – 7x – 2
∴ Thus the required result 3 – 15xy/2 – y2/2 = – 3x2 – 6x + 13
Question no – (7) ∴ Thus the required difference – 3x2 – 6x + 12
Solution : Question no – (12)
Let, the expression be = E Solution :
According to the questions, Let, the other expression be = E
E + (8x2 – x + 1) = 2x2 + 1 According to the question,
=> E = (2x2 + 1) – (8x2 – x + 1) (x2 – 3y + 4xy + 3y2 – 11) + E = x2 + y2 – {3y – 2 + 5 (7x
= 2x2 + 1 – 8x2 + x – 1 – 2y2)}
∴ E = – 6x2 + x = (x2 – 3y + 4xy + 3y2 – 11) + E = x2 + y2 – {3y + 2 + 5(7x
∴ Thus the required expression – 6x2 + x – 2y2)}
Question no – (8) = (x2 – 3y + 4xy + 3y2 – 11) + E = x2 + y2 – 3y – 2 – 35x +
Solution : 10y2
Sum of (2a + b – c) and (3a – 5b + 7c) = (x2 – 3y + 4xy + 3y2 – 11) + E = (x2 + 11y2 – 3y – 35x –
= 2a + b – c + 3a – 5b + 7c 2)
= 2a + 3a + b – 5b – c + 7c (By rearranging) => E = (x2 + 11y2 – 3y – 35x – 2) – (x2 – 3y + 4xy + 3y2 –
= 5a – 4b + 6c 11)
take away (4a – 3b + 2c) => E = x2 + 11y2 – 3y – 35x – 2 – x2 + 3y – 4xy – 3y2 + 11
(5a – 4b + 6c) – (4a – 3b + 2c) => E = x2 – x2 + 11y2 – 3y2 – 4xy – 3y + 3y – 35x – 2 + 11
= 5a – 4b + 6c – 4a + 3b – 2c (By rearranging)
= a – b + 4c => E = 0 + 8y2 – 4xy + 0 – 35x + 9
∴ Thus the required result a – b + 4c => E = 8y2 – 4xy – 35x + 9
Question no – (9) ∴ Thus the required result 8y2 – 4xy – 35x + 9
Solution : Question no – (13)
Let, the expression be = E Solution :
According to the question, A = 6x2 + 3x- 7
(5a – 2b + c) – E = 3a – b + 4c B = 2x2 – 5x + 8
= (5a – 2b + c) – (3a – b + 4c) = E C = x2 + 9x – 6
= E = 5a – 2b + c – 3a + b – 4c (a) Given, A + B
= 5a – 3a – 2b + b + c – 4c (By rearranging) Putting the value of A and B
=> E = 2a – b – 3c = (6x2 + 3x – 7) + (2x2 – 5x + 8)
∴ Thus the required expression 2a – b – 3c = 6x2 + 3x – 7 + 2x2 – 5x + 8
Question no – (10) = 6x2 + 2x2 + 3x – 5x – 7 + 8 (By rearranging)
Solution : = 8x2 – 2x + 1
Let, the expression be = E ∴ A + B = 8x2 – 2x + 1
According to the question, (b) Given, (A – C)
E + (6a2 – 4ab + b2) = 9a2 + 2ab – b2 Putting the value of A and C
=> E = (9a2 + ab – b2) – (6a2 – 4ab + b2) = (6x2 + 3x- 7) – (x2 + 9x – 6)
= 9a2 + 2ab – b2 – 6a2 + 4ab – b2 = 6x2 + 3x – 7 – x2 – 9x + 6
= 9a2 – 6a2 + 2ab + 4ab – b2 – b2 (By rearranging) = 6x2 – x2 + 3x- 9x – 7 + 6 (By rearranging)
=> E = 3a2 + 6ab – 2b2 = 5x2 – 6x – 1
∴ Thus the required expression 3a2 + 6ab – 2b2 ∴ A – C = 5x2 – 6x – 1
Question no – (11) (c) Given, B – C
Solution : Putting the value of B and C
Sum of (3x2 + 5x – 7) and (5a2 + 2x + 9) = (2x2 – 5x + 8) – (x2 + 9x – 6)
= 3x2 + 5x – 7 + 5x2 + 2x + 9 = 2x2 – 5x + 8 – x2 – 9x + 6
= 3x2 + 5x2 + 5x + 2x – 7 + 9 (By rearranging) = 2x2 – x2 – 5x – 9x + 8 + 6 (By rearranging)
= x2 – 14x + 14 (b) Given, (- 3/5) × (2/7ab) × (- 14/3a2b)
∴ B – C = x2 – 14x + 14 = (- 3/5) × (2/7) × (- 14/3) × ab × a2b
Question no – (14) = 4/5 a3b2
Solution : ∴ Thus the required product = 4/5a3b2
a = x – 3y (c) Given, (- 1/36x2y2) × (- 9/2x2yz3)
b = 2x + 3y = – 1/36) × (- 9/2) × x2y2 × x2yz3
and c = – 3x + 7 = 1/8 x4y3z3
Now, ∴ Thus the required product = 1/8x4y3z3
L.H.S. a + b + c Question no – (3)
= (x – 3y) + (2x + 3y) + (- 3x + 7) Solution :
= x – 3y + 2x + 3y – 3x + 7 (a) Given, – 8x/11 (2x + 33)
= 3x – 3x – 3y + 3y + 7 = – 8x/11 × 2x – 8x/11 × 33
= 7 (R.H.S.) = – 16x/11 – 24x
∴ L.H.S. = R.H.S. (Proved) ∴ Thus the required result – 16x/11 – 24x
Algebraic Expressions Exercise 11.3 Solution : (b) Given, 5x2y/9 (3xy + 7)
Question no – (1) = 5x2y/9 × 3xy + 5x2y/9 × 7
Solution : = 5/3 x3y2 + 35x2y/9
(a) Given, 7xy2 by 3x2y2 ∴ Thus the required result 5/3x3y2 + 35x2y/9
= (7xy2) × (3x2y2) (c) Given, – 7xy2/12 (3x + 4y)
= 21x3y4 = – 7xy2/12 × 3x – 7xy2/12 × 4y
∴ Thus the required result = 21x3y4 = – 7/4x2y2 – 7/3xy3
(b) Given, 8/7 x3y2 by 21/16 x2y ∴ Thus the required result – 7/4x2y2 – 7/3xy3
= 8/7x3y2 × 21/16 x2y (d) Given, – 7/5x (x + 10)
= 3/2 x5y3 = 7/5x × x – 7/5 × 10
∴ Thus the required result = 3/2 x5y3 = – 7x2/5 – 14
(c) Given, 3x2y3 by 7x3y2 ∴ Thus the required result – 7x2/5 – 14
= 3x2y3 × 7x3y2 (e) Given, 4xy/7 (3x + 14y)
= 21x5y5 = 4xy/7 × 3x + 4xy/7 × 14y
∴ Thus the required result = 21x5y5 = 12x2y + 8xy2
(d) Given, 5/12xy by 4/15 x2y3 ∴ Thus the required result = 12x2y + 8xy2
= 5/12xy × 4/15x2y3 (f) Given, abc (bc + ca – ab)
= 1/9x3y4 = abc × bc + abc × ca – abc × ab
∴ Thus the required result = 1/9x3y4 = ab2c + a2bc2 – a2b2c
(e) Given, 5x2y3 by 2x3y2 ∴ Thus the required result = ab2c + a2bc2 – a2b2c
= 5x2y3 × 2x3y2 Question no – (4)
= 10x5y5 Solution :
∴ Thus the required result 10x5y5 (a) Given, (x + y) × (s + t)
(f) Given, 2x3y3 by 5x2y5 = xs + xt + ys + yt
= 2x3y3 × 5x2y5 ∴ Thus the required product xs + xt + ys + yt
= 10x5y8 (b) Given, (4x + 3y) × (z + 5)
∴ Thus the required result 10x5y8 = 4xz + 20x + 3yz + 15y
(g) Given, – 7xy2z by – 2xy3z2 ∴ Thus the required product 4xz + 20x + 3yz+ 15y
= – 7xy2z × (- 2xy3z2) (c) Given, (a + b) × (2c – 3d)
= 14x2y5z3 = 2ac – 3ad + 2bc – 3db
∴ Thus the required result = 14x2y5z3 ∴ Thus the required product 2ac – 3ad + 2bc – 3db
(h) Given, 9xyz2 by (- 3x2yz) (d) Given, (3a2 + b2) × (c2 + 3d2)
= 9xyz2 × (- 3x2yz) = 3a2c2 + 9a2d2 + b2c2 + 3b2d2
= – 27x3y2z3 ∴ Thus the required product = 3a2c2 + 9a2d2 + b2c2 + 3b2d2
∴ Thus the required result = – 27x3y2z3 (e) Given, (5x – 3y) × (4 – z)
Question no – (2) = 20x – 5xz – 12y + 3yz
Solution : ∴ Thus the required product 20x – 5xz – 12y + 3yz
(a) Given, – 3/5xy2 × 25x2y × (- 3 xyz2/10) (f) Given, (7ab2 – 2b) × (3 – 2cb)
= – 3/5 × 25 × (- 3/10) × xy2 × x2y × xyz2 = 21ab2 – 14ab3c – 6b + 4cb2
= 9/2 x4y4z2 ∴ Thus the required product 21ab2 – 14ab3c – 6b + 4cb2
∴ Thus the required product = 9/2x4y4z2 Question no – (5)
Solution : Question no – (7)
(a) Given, (9x2 – y2) × (2x + y) Solution :
= 10x3 + 5x2y – 2xy2 – y3 (a) Given, (x2 + 2x + 1) × (x2 – 3x + 7)
∴ Thus the required product 10x3 + 5x2y – 2xy2 – y3 = x2 × x2 – x2 × 3x + x2 × 7 + 2x × x2 – 2x × 3x + 2x × 7 +
(b) Given, {(4/7x2) – (2/5y2)} × {14y – 15x} 1 × x2 – 1 × 3x + 1 × 7
= 4/7x2 × 14y – 4/7x2 × 15x – 2/5y2 × 14y + 2/5y2 × 15y = x4 – 3x3 + 7x2 + 2x3 – 6x2 + 14x + x2 – 3x + 7
= 8x2y – 60/7x3 – 28/5y3 + 6xy2 = x4 – 3x3 + 2x3 + 7x2 – 6x2 + x2 + 14x – 3x + 7 (By
∴ Thus the required product 8x2y – 60/7x3 – 28/5y3 + 6xy rearranging)
(c) Given, (3x2 – 2y2) × (2a + 3b) = x4 – x3 + 2x2 + 11x + 7
= 6x2a + 9x2b – 4y2a – 6by2 ∴ Thus the required product x4 – x3 + 2x2 + 11x + 7
∴ Thus the required product 6x2a + 9x2b – 4y2a – 6by2 (b) Given, (2x2 + 3x + 7) × (x2 + 7x + 5)
(d) Given, (x + y) × (x – y) = 2x2 × x2 + 2x2 × 7x + 2x2 × 5 + 3x × x2 + 3x × 7x + 3x
= x2 – xy + xy – y2 × 5 + 7x2 + 7 × 7x + 7 × 5
= x2 – y2 = 2x4 + 14x3 + 10x2 + 3x3 + 21x2 + 15x + 7x2 + 49x + 35
∴ Thus the required product x2 – y2 = 2x4 + 14x3 + 3x3 + 10x2 + 21x2 + 7x2 + 15x + 49x + 35
(e) Given, (3/5x2 – 1/3y) × (15x – y) (By rearranging)
= 3/5x2 × 15x – 3/5x2 × y – 1/3y × 15x + 1/3y × y = 2x4 + 17x3 + 38x2 + 64x + 35
= 9x3 – 3/5x2y – 5xy + 1/3y2 ∴ Thus the required product 2x4 + 17x3 + 38x2 + 64x + 35
∴ Thus the required product 9x3 – 3/5x2y – 5xy + 1/3y2 (c) Given, (x2 – 3x + 2) × (x2 – 5x + 6)
(f) Given, (x2 + y2) × (x2 – y2) = x2 × x2 – x2 × 5x + x2 × 6 + 3x × 5x – 3x × x2 – 3x × 6 +
= x4 – x2y2 + x2y2 – y4 2 × x2 – 2 × 5x + 2 × 6
= x4 – y4 = x4 – 5x3 + 6x2 + 15x2 – 3x3 – 18x + 2x2 + 10x + 12
∴ Thus the required product x4 – y4 = x4 – 5x3 – 3x3 + 6x2 + 15x2 + 2x2 – 18x + 10x + 12 (By
Question no – (6) rearranging)
Solution : = x4 – 8x3 + 23x2 – 8x + 12
(a) Given, (2x2 + 7x – 3) × (x + 3) ∴ Thus the required product x4 – 8x3 + 23x2 – 8x + 12
= 2x2 × x + 2x2 × 3 + 7x × x + 7x × 3 – 3 × x – 3 × 3 (d) Given, (5x2 + 7x + 2) (2x2 + 3x + 8)
= 2x3 + 6x2 + 7x2 + 21x – 3x – 9 = 5x2 × 2x2 + 5x2 × 3x+ 5x2 × 8 + 7x × 2x2 + 7x × 3x + 7x
= 2x3 + 13x2 + 18x – 9 × 8 + 2 × 2x2 + 2 × 3x + 2 × 8
∴ Thus the required product 2x3 + 13x2 + 18x + 9 = 10x4 + 15x3 + 40x2 + 14x3 + 21x2 + 56x + 4x2 + 6x + 16
(b) Given, (3x2 – 5x – 7) × (x – 2) = 10x4 + 15x3 + 14x3 + 40x2 + 21x2 + 4x2 + 6x + 56x + 16
= 3x2 × x – 3x2 × 2 – 5x × x + 5x × 2 – 7 × x + 7 × 2 (By rearranging)
= 3x3 – 6x2 – 5x2 + 10x – 7x + 14 = 10x4 + 29x3 + 65x2 + 62x + 16
= 3x3 – 11x2 + 3x + 14 ∴ Thus the required product 10x4 + 29x3 + 65x2 + 62x +
∴ Thus the required product 3×3 – 11x2 + 3x + 14 16
(c) Given, (5x2 – 7x + 2) × (x + 5) Question no – (8)
= 5x2 × x + 5x2 × 5 – 7x × x – 7x × 5 + 2 × x + 2 × 5 Solution :
= 5x3 + 25x2 – 7x2 – 35x + 2x + 10 (a) Given, (x3 – y3) × (x – y)
= 5x3 + 18x2 – 33x + 10 = x3 × x – x3 × y – y3 × x + y3 × y
∴ Thus the required product 5x3 + 18x2 – 33x + 10 = x4 – x3y – xy3 + y4
(d) Given, (a – b + 3c) × (a + 2b) ∴ Thus the required product x4 – x3y – xy3 + y4
= a × a + a × 2b – b × a – b × 2b + 3c × a + 3c × 2b (b) Given, (0.6x – 0.4y) × (0.5x – 0.2y)
= a2 + 2ab – ab – 2b2 + 3ac + 6bc = 0.6x × 0.5x – 0.6x × o.2y – 0.4y × 0.5x + 0.4y
= a2 + ab – 2b2 + 3ac + 6bc = 0.30x2 – 0.12xy – 0.20xy + 0.8y2
∴ Thus the required product a2 + ab – 2b2 + 3ac + 6bc = 0.30x2 – 0.32xy + 0.08y2
(e) Given, (x2 – 3x + 8) × (x – 5) ∴ Thus the required product 0.30x2 – 0.32xy + 0.08y2
= x2 × x – x2 × 5 – 3x × x + 3x × 5 + 8 × x – 8 × 5 (c) Given, (x4 – y4) × (x2 + y2)
= x3 – 5x2 – 3x2 + 15x + 8x – 40 = x4 × x2 + x4 × y2 – y4 × x2 – y4 × y2
= x3 – 8x2 + 23x – 40 = x6 + x4y2 – x2y4 – y6
∴ Thus the required result x3 – 8x2 + 23x – 40 ∴ Thus the required product x6 + x4y2 – x2y4 – y6
(f) Given, (x2 + 2x – 3) × (1 – x) (d) Given, (2.5x + 0.5y) × (0.5x + 0.2y)
= x2 × 1 – x2 × x + 2x × 1 – 2x × x – 3 × 1 + 3 × x = 2.5x × 0.5x + 2.5x × 0.2y + 0.5y × 0.5x + 0.5y × 0.2y
= x2 – x3 + 2x – 2x2 – 3 + 3x = 1.25x2 + 0.50xy + 0.25xy + 0.10y2
= – x3 – x2 + 5x – 3 = 1.25x2 + 0.75xy + 0.10y2
∴ Thus the required product – x3 – x2 + 5x – 3 ∴ Thus the required product 1.25x2 + 0.75xy + 0.10y2
Algebraic Expressions Exercise 11.4 Solution : = x5 – 2x3 + 6x
Question no – (1) (f) 3z5 + z7 – 24z3 + 12z2 by – 3z2
Solution : = 3z5 + z7 – 24z3 + 12z2/- 3z2
(a) 9x4 by 3x2 = z5/- 3z2 + z7/- 3z2 – 24z3/- 3z2 + 12z2/- 3z2
= 9x4/3x2 = – z5-2 – 1/3z7-2 + 8z3-2 – 4z2-2
= 9/3 × x4-2 = – z3 – 1/3z5 + 8z – 4z0
= 3x2 = – z3 – 1/3z5 + 8z – 4z [∵ z0 = 1]
(b) 25x3y2 by 35y Question no – (3)
= 25/35 x3y2/y Solution :
= 5/7 x3y2-1 (a) x3 + x2 – 5x – 2 by x – 2
= 5/7x3y
(c) 10a6 by – 5a4
= 10a6/- 5a4
= – 2a6-4
= – 2a2
(d) 12x3 by 16x
= 12/16 x3/x
= 3/4 x3-1
= 3/4x2
(e) – 25x9 by – 5x4
= – 25/- 5 × x9/x4
= 5x9-4
= 5x5 ∴ Thus the required quotient x2 + 3x + 1
(f) 39m5 by 13m3 (b) 2 – 2x3 – x + x4 by x – 2
= 39/13 × m5/m3 = x4 – 2x3 – x + 2 by x – 2 (By rearranging)
= 3m5-3
= 3m2
Question no – (2)
Solution :
(a) 6x2 + 12x by 6x
= 6x2 + 12x/6x
= 6x2/6x + 12x/6x
= 1x2-1 + 2
=x+2
(b) 25m7 – 15m3 + 5m2 by 5m2
= 25m7 – 15m3 + 5m2/5m2
= 25m7/5m2 – 15m3/5m2 + 5m2/5m2 ∴ Thus the required quotient x3 – 1
= 5m7-2 – 3m3-2 + 1m2-2 (c) 2x3 – 9x2 + 3x + 14 by x – 2
= 5m5 – 3m + m0
= 5m5 – 3m + 1 [∵ a0 = 1]
(c) 3x3 – 12x5 + 6x2 by – 6x
= 3x3 – 12x5 + 6x2/- 6x
= 3x3/-6x – 15x5/- 6x + 6x2/6x
= – 1/2 x3-1 + 5/2x5-1 + x2-1
= – 1/2x2 + 5/2x4 + x
(d) 8a2 + 16a4 – 12a3 by 4a2
= 8a2 + 16a4 – 12a3/4a2
= 8a2/4a2 + 16a4/4a2 – 12a3/4a2
= 2a2-2 + 4a4-2 – 3a3-2
= 2a0 + 4a2 – 3a ∴ Thus the required quotient 2x2 – 5x – 7
= 2 + 4a2 – 3a [∵ a0 = 1] (d) x3 – 7x2 + 10 by x – 2
(e) 6x7 – 12x5 + 36x3 by 6x2
= 6x7 – 12x5 + 36x3/6x2
= 6x7/6x2 – 12x5/6x2 + 36x3/6x2
= 1x7-2 – 2x5-2 + 6x3-2
 ∴ Thus the required remainder 215 verifying division
algorithm,
(2x2 + 11x – 38) (x + 4) + 215
= 2x2 × x + 2x2 × 4 + 11x × x + 11x × 4 – 38 × x – 38 × 4
+ 215
= 2x3 + 8x2 + 11x2 + 44x – 38x – 152 + 215
= 2x3 + 19x2 + 6x + 63 (Verified)
(b) 7x3 + 13x2 – 16x + 23 by 7x – 1

∴ Thus the required quotient x2 – 5x

(e) x4 – 3x2 + 13x – 2x3 – 14 by x – 2
= x4 – 2x3 – 3x2 + 13x – 14 by (x – 2) (By rearranging)

∴ Thus the required remainder = 21

Now, 7x3 + 13x2 – 16x + 23 = (x2 + 2x – 2) (7x – 1) + 21
= x2 × 7x – x2 × 1 + 2x × 7x – 2x × 1 – 2 7x + 2 × 1 + 21
= 7x3 – x2 + 14x2 – 2x – 14x + 2 + 21
= 7x3 + 13x2 – 16x + 23
∴ Thus the required quotient x3 – 3x + 7 ∴ Division algorithm verified.
(f) x3 – 8x + 8 by x – 2 (c) 6x6 – 3x2 + 7x – 152 by x2 – 3

Question no – (4)
Solution : = In order to make division easier, fill in the missing x5,
(a) 2x3 + 19x2 + 6x + 63 by x + 4 x4, x3 terms in the dividend.
So we write 6x6 – 3x2 + 7x – 152 as 6x6 + 0x5 + 0x4 +
0x3 – 3x2 + 7x – 152
(d) x4 + 4x3 + 6x2 + 2 by x + 1
 Using division algorithm
In order to make division easier fill in the missing x terms 2x2 + 3x + 22 = (2x – 1) (x + 2) + 24
in the divided, = 2x2 + 4x – x – 2 + 24
So we write x4 + 4x3 + 6x2 + 2 as x4 + 4x3 + 6x2 + 0x + 2 = 2x2 + 3x + 22
∴ Thus remainder = 5 ∴ Therefore (x + 2) is a factor of the polynomial 2x2 + 3x
∴ x4 + 4x3 + 6x2 + 0x + 2 = (x3 + 3x2 + 3x – 3) (x + 1) + 5 + 22
= x3 × x + x3 × 1 + 3x2 × x + 3x2 × 1 + 3x × x + 3x × 1.3 × (d) x2 + 3 is factor of x5 – 9x
x–3×1+5
= x4+ x3 + 3x3 + 3x2 + 3x2 + 3x – 3x – 3 + 5
= x4 + 4x3 + 6x2 + 0x + 2
∴ Thus verified division algorithm.
Question no – (5)
Solution :
(a) (x – 3) is a factor of x2 + 2x – 15

= In order to make division easier, fill in the missing x4,

x3, x2 terms in the dividend.
So we write x5 – 9x = x5 + 0x4 + 0x3 + 0x2 – 9x + 0
Since, the remainder is zero, x2 + 3 is a factor of a
Since, the remainder is zero, (x – 3) is a factor of a polynomial x5 – 9x
polynomial x2+ 2x – 15 (e) x -2 is a factor of 15x3 – 20x2 + 13x – 12
(b) 2x + 3 is a factor of 2x2 – 11x – 21

Since, the remainder is zero, (2x + 3) is a factor of the

polynomial 2x2 – 11x – 21
(c) x + 2 is a factor of 2x2 + 3x + 22 Using division algorithm,
15x3 – 20x2 + 13x – 12
= (15x2 + 10x + 33) (x – 2) + 54
= 15x2 × x – 15x2 × 2 + 10x × x – 10x × 2 + 33 × x – 33 ×
2 + 54
= 15x3 – 30x2 + 10x2 – 20x2 + 33x – 66 + 54 => (√2x + 1/√2y)2 = (√2x)2 + 2. √2.x.1/√2y + (1/√2y)2
= 15x3 – 20x2 + 13x – 12 = 2×2 + 2xy + 1/2y2
∴ Therefore (x – 2) is a factor of the polynomial 15x3 – ∴ Thus the required square 2x2 + 2xy + 1/2y2
20x2 + 13x – 12 (f) 2/x + 3/y
(f) 3y2 + 5 is a factor of 12y5 + 17y3 + 9y2 – 5y + 12 => (2/x + 3/y)2 = (2/x)2 + 2.2/x.3/y + (3/y)2
= 4/x2 + 12/xy + 9/y2
∴ Thus the required square 4/x2 + 12/xy + 9/y2
Question no – (2)
Solution :
(a) (3a – 7)2 = (3a)2 – 2.3a.7 + (7)2
we know that (x – y)2 = x2 – 2xy + y2
= 9a2 – 42a + 49
(b) (2a – 3b)2 = (2a)2 – 2.2a + 3b + (3b)2
= 4a2 – 12ab + 9b2
(c) (2x – 1/x)2 = (2x)2 – 2.2x.1/x + (1/x)2
= 4x2 – 4 + 1/x2
(d) (x/2 – y/3)2 = (x/2)2 – 2.x/2.y/3 + (y/3)2
= x2/4 – xy/3 + y2/9
= In order to make division easier fill in the missing x4, (e) (0.1x – 0.9)2 = (0.1x)2 – 2 × 0.1x × 0.9 + (0.9)2
terms in the dividend. = 0.01x2 – 0.18x + 0.81
So we write 12y5 + 17y3 + 9y2 – 5y + 12 – 12y5 + 0y4 + (f) (√2p – 1/√2p)2 = (√2p)2 – 2. √2p.1/√2p + (1/√2p)2
17y3 + 9y2 – 5y + 12 = 2p2 – 2 + 1/2p2
Using division algorithm, Question no – (3)
12y5 + 0y4 + 17y3 + 9y2 – 5y + 2 = (3y2 + 0y + 5) (4y3 – y Solution :
+ 3) + 2 (a) (2/3a + 1/3b)2
= 3y2 × 4y3 – 3y2 × y + 0y × 4y3 – 0y × y + 5 × 4y3 – 5 × y = we know that (a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2
+ 9y2 + 15 – 13 = (2/3a)2 + 2.2/3a.1/3b + (1/3b)2
= 12y5 – 3y3 + 20y3 – 5y + 9y2 + 2 = 4/9a2 + 4/9ab + b2/9
= 12y5 + 17y3 + 9y2 – 5y + 2 (b) (3/4a + 4/5b)2
∴ Thus (3y2 + 5) is a factor of a polynomial 12y5 + 0y4 + = (3/4a)2 + 2.3/4a.4/5.b + (4/5b)2 [∵ (a + b)2 = a2 +2ab +
17y3 + 9y2 – 5y + 2 b2]
= 9/12a2 + 6/5ab + 16/5b2
Joy of Mathematics Class 8 Solutions (c) (a – 1/a)2
Chapter 12 Identities Exercise 12 Solution : = a2 – 2.a.1/a + (1/a)2 [∵ (a – b)2 = a2 – 2ab + b2]
Question no – (1) = a2 – 2 + 1/a2
Solution : (d) 2(a + 1/a)2
(a) x + 2y = 2{(a)2 + 2.a.1/a + (1/a)2} [∵ (a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2]
= we know that (x + 2y)2 = x2 + 2y + y2 = 2 (a2 + 2 + 1/a2)
=> (x + 2y)2 = x2 + 2.x.2y + (2y)2 = 2a2 + 4 + 2/a2
= x2 + 4xy + 4y2 (e) (2a – 1/2a)2
Thus the required square x2 + 4xy + 4y2 = (2a)2 – 2.2a.1/2a + (1/2a)2 [∵ (a – b)2 = a2 – 2ab + b2]
(b) 3x + 4y = 4a2 – 2 + 1/4a2
=> (3x + 4y)2 = (3x)2 + 2.3x.4y + (4y)2 (f) 4 (2/3a – 3/4b)2
= 9x2 + 24xy + 16y2 = 4 {(2/3a)2 – 2.2/3a.3/4b + (3/4b)} [∵ (a – b)2 = a2 – 2ab
∴ Thus the required square 9x2 + 24xy + 16y2 + b2 ]
(c) 1 2/3 x + 3/5 y = 4 {4a2/9 – ab + 9/16 b2}
= 5/3 x + 3/5 y = 16a2/9 – 4ab + 36/16 b2
=> (5/3 x + 3/5 y)2 = (5/3 x)2 + 2. 5/3 x. 3/5 y + (3/5 y) Question no – (4)
= 25x2/9 + 2xy + 9y2/25 Solution :
∴ Thus the required square 25x2/9 + 2xy + 9/25y2 (a) (x2 – 3/2) (x2 + 3/2)
(d) 2x/3y + 3y/2x = (x2)2 – (3/2)2 [∵ a2 – b2 = (a + b) (a – b)]
=> (2x/3y + 3y/2x)2 = (2x/3y)2 + 2.2x/3y.3y/2x + (3y/2x)2 = x4 – 9/4
= 4x2/9y2 + 2 + 9y2/4x2 ∴ Thus the required result x4 – 9/4
∴ Thus the required square 4×2/9y2 + 2 + 9y2/4×2 (b) (1 – 1/2x) (1 + 1/2x)
(e) √2x + 1/√2y = {(1)2 – (1/2x)2} [∵ a2 – b2 = (a + b) (a – b)]
= 12 – 1/4x2 = 1609
= 1- 1/4x2 ∴ (103)2 = 1609
∴ Thus the required result 1 – 1/4x2 (d) (298)2
(c) (x + 2/y) (x – 2/y) = (300 – 2)2
= {(x)2 – (2/y)2} [∵ a2 – b2 = (a + b) (a – b)] = (300)2 – 2.300.2 + (2)2 [∵ (a – b)2 = a2 – 2ab + b2]
= x2 – 4/y2 = 90000 – 1200 + 4
∴ Thus the required result x2 – 4/y2 = 88804
(d) (1.5/x + 3/y2) (1.5/x – 3/y2) ∴ (298)2 = 88804
= {(1.5/x)2 – (3/y2)2} [∵ a2 – b2 = (a + b) (a – b)] (e) (58)2
= 3/x2 – 9/y4 = (60 – 2)2
∴ Thus the required result 3/x2 – 9/y4 = (60)2 – 2.60.2 + (2)2
(e) (4x2 – 2y4) (4x2 + 2y4) = 3600 – 240 + 4
= {(4x2)2 – (2y4)2} [∵ a2 – b2 = (a + b) (a – b)] = 3364
= 16x4 – 4y8 (f) (151)2
∴ Thus the required result 16×4 – 4y8 = (150 + 1)2
(f) (2 3/5x2 + 5/2y2) (2 3/5 x2 – 5/2 y2) = (150)2 + 2.150.(1)2 + (1)2
= (13/5 x2 + 5/2 y2) (13/5 x2 – 5/2 y2) = 22500 + 300 + 1
= (13/5 x2)2 – (5/2 y2)2 [∵ a2 – b2 = (a +b) (a – b)] = 22801
= 169/25 x4 – 25/4 y4 ∴ (151)2 = 22801
∴ Thus the required result 169/25 x4 – 25/4 y4 Question no – (7)
Question no – (5) Solution :
Solution : (a) 157 × 143
Here, A = x2 + 4, B = y2 – 4 = (150 + 7) (150 – 7)
(a) A2 = (150)2 – (7)2 [∵ (a + b) (a – b) = a2 – b2]
= (x2 + 4)2 = 22500 – 49
= (x2)2 + 2.x2.4 + (4)2 [∵ (a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2] = 22,451
= x4 + 8x2 + 16 ∴ (157 × 143) = 22,451
∴ Thus the value of A2 = x4 + 8x2 + 16 (b) 96 × 104
(b) B2 = (100 – 4) (100 + 4) [∵ (a + b) (a – b) = a2 – b2]
= (y2 – 4)2 = (100)2 – (4)2
= (y2)2 – 2.y2.4 + (4)2 [∵ (a – b)2 = a2 – 2ab + b2] = 10000 – 16
= y4 – 8y2 + 16 = 9984
∴ Thus the value of B2 = y4 – 8y2 + 16 ∴ (96 × 104) = 9984
(c) (A +B)2 (c) 1005 × 995
= (x2 + 4 + y2 – 4)2 [Putting the value of A and B] = (1000 + 5) (1000 – 5)
= (x2 + y2)2 = (1000)2 – (5)2 [∵ (a + b) (a – b) = a2 – b2]
= (x2)2 + 2x2y2 + (y2)2 [∵ (x + y)2 = x2 + 2xy + y2] = 1000000 – 25
= x4 + 2x2y2 + y4 = 999975
∴ Thus the value of (A + B)2 = x4 + 2x2y2 + y2 ∴ (1005 × 995) = 999975
Question no – (6) (d) (3.1)2
Solution : = (3 + 0.1)2
(a) (106)2 = (100 + 6)2 = (3)2 + 2 × 3 × (0.1) + (0.1)2 [∵ (a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2]
= (100)2 + 2.100.6 + (6)2 {(a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2} = 9 + 0.6 + 0.01
= 10000 + 1200 + 36 = 9.61
= 11236 ∴ (3.1)2 = 9.61
∴ (106)2 = 11236 (e) (3.1)2 – (2.9)2
(b) (999)2 = (1000 – 1)2 = (3.1 + 2.9) (3.1 – 2.9) [∵ a2 – b2 = (a + b) (a – b)]
= (1000)2 – 2 × 1000.1 + (1)2 = 6 × 0.2
= 1000000 – 2000 + 1 = 1.2
= 998001 (f) 2.07 × 1.93
∴ (999)2 = 998001 = (2 + 0.7) (2 – 0.7)
(c) (103)2 = (100 + 3)2 = (2)2 – (0.7)2 [∵ (a + b) (a – b) = a2 – b2]
= (100)2 + 2.100.3 + (3)2 = 4 – 0.49
= 10000 + 600 + 9 [∵ (a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2] = 3.51
∴ 2.07 × 1.93 = 3.51
Question no – (8) (a) 16m2 – 4mn + 1/4n2
Solution : = (4m)2 – 2.5m.1/2m + (1/2n)2
(a) 8x = 372 – 292 = (4m – 1/2n)2 [∵ (a – b)2 = a2 – 2ab + b2]
=> 8x = (37 + 29) (37 – 29) [∵ a2 – b2 = (a + b) (a – b)] (b) 81p2 + 6 + 1/9p2
=> 8x = 66 × 8 = (9p)2 + 2.9p.1/3p + (1/3p)2
=> x = 66 × 8/8 = (9p + 1/3p)2 [∵ (a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2]
=> x = 6 (c) 9b2 + 24bc + 16c2
∴ The value of x = 6 = (3b)2 + 2.3b.4c + (4c)2
(b) 13x = 852 – 84 = (3b + 4c)2 [∵ (a + b)2 = a2 + 2b + b2]
=> 13x = (85 + 84) (85 – 84) (d) 25x2 – 70xy + 49y2
=> 13x = (169 × 1) = (5x)2 – 2.5x.7y + (7y)2
=> x = 169 × 1/13 = (5x – 7y)2 [∵ (a – b)2 = a2 – 2ab + b2]
=> x = 13 Question no – (11)
∴ The value of x = 13 Solution :
(c) xyz = (3y + z)2 – (3y – z)2 x + 1/x = 3
=> xyz = (3y)2 + 2.3y.z + z2 – {(3y)2 – 2.3y.z + z2} Then, x2 + 1/x2 = ?
=> xyz = 9y2 + 6yz + z2 – 9y2 + 6yz – z2 => Here, x + 1/x = 3
= xyz = 12yz Both side square
=> x = 12yz/yz (x + 1/x)2 = (3)2
=> x = 12 => x2 + 2.x.1/x + (1/x)2 = 9 [∵ (a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2]
∴ The value of x = 12 => x2 + 1/x2 = 9 – 2
(d) ax = b [(2a + 1/b)2 – (2a – 1/b)2] => x2 + 1/x2 = 7
=> ax = b [(2a)2 + 2.2a.1/b + 1/b2 – (2a)2 + 2.2a.1/b – ∴ Thus the value of x2 + 1/x2 = 7
(1/b)2] Question no – (12)
=> ax = b [4a2 + 4a/b + 1/b2 – 4a2 + 4a/b – 1/b2] Solution :
=> ax = b [8a/b] Here, x + 1/x = 2
=> ax = 8a => (x + 1/x)2 = (2)2 [Both side square]
=> x = 8a/a = 8 => x2 + 2.x.1/x + 1/x2 = 4
∴ The value of x = 8 => x2 + 1/x2 = 4 – 2
Question no – (9) => x2 + 1/x2 = 2
Solution : ∴ Thus the value of x2 + 1/x2 = 2
(a) 6.25 × 6.25 – 1.75 × 1.75/4.5 Now,
= (6.25)2 – (1.75)2/4.5 x2 + 1/x2 = 2
= (6.25 + 1.75) (6.25 – 1.75)/4 [∵ a2 – b2 = (a + b) (a – b)] => (x2 + 1/x2)2 = (2)2 (Again both side square)
= 8 × 4.5/4 => x4 + 2.x2.1/x2 + 1/x4 = 4
=9 => x4 + 1/x4 = 4 – 2
(b) 3.7 × 3.7 – 1.3 × 1.3/5 => x4 + 1/x4 = 2
= (3.7)2 – (1.3)2/5 ∴ Thus the value of x4 + 1/x4 = 2
= (3.7 + 1.3) (3.7 – 1.3)/5 [∵ a2 – b2 = (a + b) (a – b)] Question no – (13)
= 5 × 2.4/5 Solution :
= 2.4 Here,
(c) 629 × 629 – 371 × 371/1000 (x – 1/x)2 = 22 [Both side square]
= (629)2 – (371)2/1000 => x2 – 2.x.1/x + (1/x)2 = 4
= (629 + 371) (629 – 371)/1000 [∵ a2 – b2 = (a + b) (a – => x2 + 1/x2 = 4 + 2
b)] => x2 + 1/x2 = 6
= 1000 × 258/1000 => (x2 + 1/x2)2 = (6)2 (Again both side square)
= 258 => x4 – 2.x2.1/x2 + 1/x4 = 36
(d) 1.25 × 1.25 – 0.75 × 0.75/0.5 => x4 + 1/x4 = 36 – 2
= (1.25)2 – (0.75)2/0.5 => x4 + 1/x4 = 34
= (1.25 + 0.75) (1.25 – 0.75)/0.5 [∵ a2 – b2 = (a + b) (a – ∴ Thus the value of x4 + 1/x4 = 34
b)] Question no – (14)
= 2 × 0.5/0.5 Solution :
=2 Here,
Question no – (10) 3y – 1/3y = 3
Solution : (a) (3y – 1/3y)2 = (3)2 (Both side square)
=> (3y)2 – 2.3y.1/3y + (1/3y)2 = 9 ∴ Area of the square = a2 cm2
=> 9y2 + 1/9y2 = 9 – 2 According to the question,
=> 9y2 + 1/9y2 = 7 a2 = 9x2 + 24xy + 16y2
(b) (9y2 + 1/9y2)2 = (7)2 => a2 = (3x)2 + 2.3x.4y + (4y)2
=> (9y2)2 + 2.9y2.1/9y2 + (1/9y2)2 = 49 => a2 = (3x + 4y)2
=> 81y4 + 2 + 1/81y4 = 49 => a = 3x + 4y
=> 81y4 + 1/81y4 = 49 – 2 ∴ Thus the side of the square (3x + 4y)cm
=> 81y4 + 1/81y4 = 47 Question no – (20)
∴ The value of 81y4 + 1/81y4 = 47 Solution :
Question no – (15) Let, the radius of the circle = r cm
Solution : ∴ Area of the circle = πr2 cm2
x + 2y = 9 According to the question,
=> (x + 2y)2 = (9)2 (Both side square) πr2 = 9πx2 – 12πx + 4π
=> x2 + 2.x.2y + (2y)2 = 81 => πr2 = π(9x2 – 12x + 4)
=> x2 + 4xy + 4y2 = 81 => r2 = π/π (9x2 – 12x + 4)
=> x2 + 4.7 + 4y2 = 81 [∵ xy = 7] => r2 = (3x)2 – 2.3x.2 + (2)2
=> x2 + 28 + 4y2 = 81 => r2 = (3x – 2)2 [∵ (a – b)2 = a2 – 2ab + b2]
=> x2 + 4y2 = 81 – 28 => r = (3x – 2)
=> x2 + 4y2 = 53 ∴ Thus the radius of the circle
∴ Thus the value of x2 + 4y2 = 53 = 3x – 2
Question no – (16) = 3 × 4 – 2 (x = 4 given)
Solution : = 12 – 2
25x2 – 70xy + 49y2 = 10
= (5x)2 – 2.5x.7y + (7y)2 ∴ Therefore the radius of the circle 10cm.
= (5x – 7y)2 [∵ (a – b)2 = a2 – 2ab + b2]
= (5 × 15 – 7 × 15)2 [∵ x = 15, y = 5] Joy of Mathematics Class 8 Solutions
= (75 – 35)2 Chapter 13 Factorisation Exercise 13.1 Solution :
= (40)2 = 1600 Question no – (1)
∴ The value of 25x2 – 70xy + 49y2 = 1600 Solution :
Question no – (17) (a) 3x – 9a
Solution : = Here, 3x is the common factor
x – y = 16 ∴ 3x – 9a = 3 (x – 3a)
=> (x – y)2 = (16)2 (Both side square) (b) 7x3 – 14x4
=> x2 – 2xy + y2 = 256 = Here, 7x3 is the common factor
=> x2 + y2 – 2xy = 256 ∴ 7x3 – 14x4
=> 400 – 2xy = 256 = 7x3 (1 – 2x)
=> 400 – 256 = 2xy (c) 4xy + y2
= 2xy = 144 = Here, y is the common factor
=> xy = 144/2 = 72 ∴ 4xy + y2 = y (4x + y)
∴ The value of xy = 72 (d) 24x4 + 18 x3
Question no – (18) = Here, 6x3 is the common factor
Solution : ∴ 24x4 + 18x3
We know, = 6x3 (4x + 3)
(x + y)2 = x2 + 2xy + y2 (e) x5 + x3 – x
= x2 + y2 + 2xy = Here, x is the common factor
= 74 + 2 × 35 [∵ x2 + y2 = 74, xy = 35] ∴ x5 + x3 – x
=> (x + y)2 = 74 + 70 = x (x4 + x2 – 1)
=> (x + y)2 = 144 (f) 5xyz + 15xy3z – 25xyz3
=> (x + y) = √144 = Here, 5xyz is the common factor
=> (x + y) = √12 × 12 ∴ 5xyz (5x2 + 3y – 5z2)
=> (x + y) = 12 Question no – (2)
∴ The value of x+ y = 12 Solution :
Question no – (19) (a) 63x4 y4z3 + 27x3y3z3
Solution : = Here, 9x3y3z3 is the common factor
Let, the side of the square = a cm ∴ 9x3y3z3(7x3y2 + 3)
(b) xy + yz + xyz Factorisation Exercise 13.2 Solution :
= Here, y is the common factor Question no – (1)
∴ xy + yz + xyz Solution :
= y(x + z + xz) Given, xy + 4x + 2y + 8
(c) 30x3 – 25x2 + 10x = x (y + 4) + 2 (y + 4)
= Here, 16x is the common factor = (y + 4) (x + 2)
∴ 30x3 – 60x + 90x2 Question no – (2)
= 15x (62x2 – 4 + 6x) Solution :
(d) 5x3 – 25x2 + 10x ab – 3a + 2b – 6
= Here, 5x is the common factor = a (b – 3) + 2 (b – 3)
∴ 5x (x2 – 5x + 2) = (b – 3) (a + 2)
(e) 9a2b4 – 6a5c6 – 12a3d Question no – (3)
= Here, 3a2 is the common factor Solution :
∴ 9a2b4 – 6a5c6 – 12a3d Given, ac – ad + bc – bd
= 3a2 (3b4 – 2a3c6 – 12ad) = a (c –d) + b (c – d)
(f) 10a2 – 20a + 5 = (c – d) (a + b)
= Here, 5 is the common factor Question no – (4)
∴ 10a2 – 20a + 5 Solution :
= 5 (2a2 – 4a + 1) 6 + 2y + 3x + xy
Question no – (3) = 6 + 3x + 2y + xy
Solution : = 3 (2 + x) + y (2 +x)
(a) 3×2 (1 – y) + 6x (1 – y)l – 12 (1 – y) = (2 +x) (3 +y)
= 3 (1 – y) {(x2 + 2x -4)} [∵ 3 (1 – y) common factor] Question no – (5)
= 3 (1-y) (x2 + 2. X . – 4) Solution :
(b) ab (x – 2y)2 + a2b (x – 2y)2 – bc (x – 2y)2 ab – ad – bc +cd
= b(x – 2y)2 {a + a2 – c} [∵b (x – 2y)2 is common factor] = a (b –d) – c (b –d)
= b(x – 2y)2 (a + a2 – c) = (b – d) (a – c)
(c) 3yz (a – b – c) – 3z ( a – b – c) + 21z2 (a – b – c) Question no – (6)
= 3yz (a – b – c) {(y – 1 + 7z)} [∵ 3z (a – b – c) is the Solution :
common factor] a – ab + b – b2
= 3z (a – b – c) (y + 7z – 1) = a (1 – b) + b (1 0b)
(d) 15x (lu – mv) + 25y (lu – mv) + 30z (lu – mv) =(1 – b) (a + b)
= 5 (lu – mv) {(3x + 5y + 6z)} [∵ 5 (lu – mv) is the Question no – (7)
common factor] Solution :
= 5 (lu – mv) (3x + 5y + 6z) 2x – y – 2xy + y2
Question no – (4) = 2x – 2xy – y + y2
Solution : = 2x (1 – y) – 1 (1 – y)
(a) a(b – c)2 + b (b – c) + c (b – c)2 = (1 – y) (2x – 1)
= (b – c) is the common factor Question no – (8)
= (b – c) { a (b – c) + b + c (b – c) } Solution :
= (b – c) (ab – ac + b + cb – 2b) 4p – 6q – 6p2 +9pq
(b) a3 (a – 2b) + a2 (a – 2b) = 2 (2p – 3q) – 3q (2p – 3q)
= Here, a2 (a – 2b) is the common factor = (2p – 3q) (2 – 3p)
= a2 (a – 2b) {(a +1)} Question no – (9)
= a2 (a – 2b) (a + 1) Solution :
(c) 14 (a – 3b)2 – 21x (a – 3b) 2x – xy + 4y – 8
= Here, 7 (a – 3b) is the common factor = x (2 – y) – (2 – y)
= 7 (a – 3b) {2(a – 3b) – 3x} = (2- y) (x – 4)
= 7 (a – 3b) {2 (a – 3b) – 3x} Question no – (10)
= 7 (a – 3b) (2a – 6b – 3x) Solution :
(d) 10a (2x + y)3 – 15b (2x + y)2 + 35 (2x + y) 3x – xy + 4y – 12
= 5 (2x + y) is the common factor = x (3 –y) – 4 (3 – y)
= 5 (2x + y) {2a (2x + y)2 – 3b (2x + y) + 7)} = (3 – y) (x – 4)
= 5 (2x + y) [2a (2x + y)2 – 3b (2x + y) + 7)] Question no – (11)
Solution :
5p – pq + 2q – 10 = (x + y) (-7)
= 5p – pq – 10 + 2q = -7 (x + y)
= p ( 5 –q) – 2 (5 –q) Question no – (21)
= (5 – q) ( p – 2) Solution :
Question no –( 12) Ax2 + 3az + bx2y + by + 3byz + a
Solution : = ax2 + bn2y + 3az + 3byz + by + a
6 – 2y +xy – 3x = x2 (a + by) + 3z (a + by) + 3z (a + by) + 1 (a + by)
= 6 – 2y – 3x + xy = (a + by) (x2 + 3z H)
= 2 (3 – y) – x (3 – y) Question no – (22)
= (3 – y) (2 – x) Solution :
Question no – (13) px + p2x + pqy – + qy – (px + qy)2
Solution : = px (1 +p) qy (1 + p) – (px + qy)2
2x2 + 4x3 + 1 + 2x = (1 + p) (px + qy) – (px + qy)2
= 2x2 (2x + 1) + 1 (2x – 1) = (px + qy) {1 + p – (px + qy)}
= (2x – 1) (2x2 + 1) = (px + qy) (1 + p – px – qy)
Question no – (14) Factorisation Exercise 13.3 Solution :
Solution : Question no – (1)
x3y + xy3 + x2 + y2 Solution :
= xy (x2 + y2) + 1(x2 + y2) x2 – 4
= (x2 + y2) (xy + 1) = (x)2 – (2)2
Question no – (15) = (x – 2) (x + 2)
Solution : Question no – (2)
1 – 2x – 5x2 + 10x3 Solution :
= 1 (1 – 2x) – 5x2 (1 – 2x) Given, x2 – 16
= (1 -2x) (1 -5x2) = (x)2 –(4)2
Question no – (16) = (x -4) (x + 4)
Solution : Question no – (3)
3 (x + y)2 + 4x + 4y Solution :
= 3 (x + y)2 + 4 (x + y) x2 – 81
= (x + y) {3 (3 (x + y) + 4} = (x)2 – (9)2
= (x + y) (3x + 3y + 4) = (x – 9) (x + 9)
Question no – (17) Question no – (4)
Solution : Solution :
3x2 + 3y2 – 6 (x2 + y2) Given, y4 – 1
= 3 (x2 + y2) – 6 (x2 + y2)2 = (y2)2 –(1)2
= 3 (x2 + y2) {1 – 2 (x2 + y2)} = (y2 + 1) (y2 – 1)
= 3 (x2 + y2) (1 – 2x2 + 2y2) = (y2 + 1) (y2 – 12)
Question no – (18) = (y2 + 1) (y + 1) (y – 1)
Solution : Question no – (5)
x (y – z) – p (z – y) Solution :
= x (y – z) – { – p (y – z)} 64x2 – 1
= x (y – z) + P (y – z) = (8x)2 – (1)2
= (y – z) {x + p} = (8x + 1) (8x – 1)
= (y – z) (x + p) Question no – (6)
Question no – (19) Solution :
Solution : X24 – 2.25
(2x2 – 2y2) a + (2y2 – 2x2)b = x24 – 225/100
= (2x2 – 2y2) a + {- (2x2 – 2y2)}b = (x12)2 – (15/10)2
= (2x2 – 2y2) a – (2x2 – 2y2)b = (x122 + 15/10) (x12 – 15/10)
= (2x2 – 2y2) (a – b) = (x12 + 1.5) (x12 – 1.5)
Question no – (20) Question no – (7)
Solution : Solution :
7 (x + y) – 14x – 14y 0.04 – x4y6
= 7 (x + y) – 14 (x + y) = 4/100 – z4y6
= (x + y) (7 – 14) = (2/10)2 – (x2y3)2
= (2/10 + x2y3) (2/10 – x3y3) = (19/4) + 15/2x) (19/4 – 15/2x)
= (0.2 + x2y3) (0.2 – x2y3) Question no – (17)
Question no – (8) Solution :
Solution : (4p – 3q)2 – (5p – q)2
16a2 – 0.64b2 = (4p – 3q + 5p – q) (4p – 3q – 5p + q)
= (4a)2 – 64/100 b2 = (9p – 4q) (-4p – 2q)
= (4a)2 – (8/10b)2 = (9p – 4q) { – 2(p + q) }
= (4a + 8/10b) (4a – 8/10b) = -2 (9p – 4q) ( p + q)
= 4a + 0.8b) (4a – 0.8b) Question no – (18)
Question no – (9) Solution :
Solution : 94q4/121 – x8y8/256
64x – x3 = (p2q2/11)2 – (x4y4/16)2
= x(64 – x2) = (p2q2/11 + x4y4/16) (p2q2/11 – (x4y4/16)
= x {(8)2 – (x)2} Question no – (19)
= x (8 + x) (8 – x) Solution :
Question no – (10) 0.0289y2 – 0.81
Solution : = 289/10000 y2 – 81/100
25 – x8 = (14/100y)2 – (9/10)2
= (5)2 – (x4)2 = (17/100y + 9/10) (17/100y – 9/10)
= (5 + x4) (5 – x4) = (0.17y + 0.9) (0.17y – 0.9)
Question no – (11) Question no – (20)
Solution : Solution :
108 – 3x2 x2 – 6x – 16
= 3(36 –x2) = x2 – (8 – 2)x – 8 × 2
= 3 {(6)2 – (x)2} = x2 – 8x + 2x – 8 × 2
= 3 (+ x) (6 – x) = x (x – 8) + 2 (x – 8)
Question no – (12) = (x – 8) (x + 2)
Solution : Question no – (21)
25/36 x2 – y2 Solution :
= (5/6x)2 – (y)2 9x2 – 30x – 11
= (5/63x + y) (5/6 – y) = 9x2 – (33 – 3) x – 11
Question no – (13) = 9x2 – 33x + 3x – 11
Solution : = 3x (3x – 11) + 1 (3x – 11)
25 (5x – 3y)2 – 16 (3x – 2y)2 = (3x – 11) (3x + 1)
= { 5 (5x – 3y)}2 – {4(3x – 2y)}2 Factorisation Exercise 13.4 Solution :
= { 5 (5x -3y) + 4 (3x – 2y)} { 5 (5x – 3y) – 4 (3x – 2y) Question no – (1)
= (256x – 15y) + 12x – 8y) (25x – 15y – 12x + 8y) Solution :
= (37x – 23y) (13x p- 7y) x2 + 3x – 88
Question no – (14) = x2 + (11 – 8) x – 8 × 11
Solution : = x2 + 11x – 8x – 8 × 11
(5p + 7q)2 – (7p +5q)2 = x (x + 11) – 8 (x + 11)
= (5p + 7q + 7p + 5q) (5p + 7q – 7p – 5q) = (x + 11) (x – 8)
= (12p + 12q) (-2p + 2q) Question no – (2)
= 12 (p q) – 2 (q – p) Solution :
= 24 (p + q) (q – p) x2 + 16x + 64
Question no – (15) = x2 + (8 + 8)x + 8 × 8
Solution : = x2 + 8x + 8x + 8 × 8
28x3 – 7x = (x + 8) (x + 8)
= 7x (4x2 – 1) Question no – (3)
= 7x { (2x)2 – (1)2} Solution :
= 7x (2x + 1) (2x – 1) x2 + 8x + 16)
Question no – (16) = x2 + (4 – 4) x + 4 × 4
Solution : = x2 + 4x + 4x + 4 × 4
(4 3/4)2 – (7 1/2 x)2 = x (x + 4) + 4 (x + 4)
= (19/4)2 – (15/2x)2 = (x + 4) ( x + 4)
Question no – (4) x2 – 2x – 35
Solution : = x2 – (7 – 5)x – 35
x2 – 14x + 45 = x2 – 7x + 5x – 35
= x2 = -(9 + 5) x + 45 = x2 – 7x + 5x – 5 × 7
= x2 – 9x – 5x + 5 × 9 = x ( x -7) + 5 (x – 7)
= x (x – 9) – 5 (x – 9) = (x – 7) 9x + 5)
= (x – 9) ( x – 5) Question no – (12)
Question no – (5) Solution :
Solution : x2 – 12x + 36
x2 + 16x + 48 = x2 – (6 + 6) x + 6 × 6
= x2 + (12 + 4) x + 48 = x2 – 6x – 6x + 6 × 6
= x2 + 12x + 4x + 48 = x ((x – 6) – 6 (x – 6)
= x2 + 12x + 4x + 4 × 12 = (x – 6) )x – 6)
= x (x + 12) + 4 (x + 12) Question no – (13)
= x ) x + 12) + 4 ( x + 12) Solution :
= (x + 12) (x + 12) x4 – 18×2 + 72
Question no – (6) = x4 – (12 + 6) x2 + 72
Solution : = x2 – 12x2 – 6x2 + 12 × 6
x2 – 8x + 16 = x2 (x2 – 12) – 6 (x2 – 12)
= x2 – (4 + 4) x + 16 = (x2 – 12) (x2 – 6)
= x2 – 4x – 4x + 4 × 4 Question no – (14)
= x ( x – 4) – 4 (x – 4) Solution :
= x – 4) (x – 4) X4 + 42x2 + 80
Question no – (7) = x4 (40 + 2)x2 + 80
Solution : = (x4 + 40x2 + 2x2 + 40 × 2
x2 + 11x – 42 = x2 (x2 + 40) + 2 (x2 + 40)
= x2 + (14 – 3) x – 42) = (x2 + 40) (x2 + 2)
= x2 + 14x – 3x – 42 Question no – (15)
= x2 + 14x – 3x – 3 × 14 Solution :
= x (x + 14) – 3 3 (x + 14) 3x2 – 18x + 27
= (x + 14) (x – 3) = 3x2 – (9 + 9) x + 3 × 9
Question no – (8) = 3x2 – 9x – 9x + 3 × 9
Solution : = 3x (x – 3) – 9 (x – 3)
x2 + 16x – 80 = (x – 3) (3x – 9)
= x2 + (20 – 4) x – 80 Question no – (16)
= x2 + 20x – 4x – 80 Solution :
= x2 + 20x – 4x – 4 × 20 4x2 +y2 + 4xy
= x (x + 20) – 4 (x + 20) = 4x2 + 4xy + y2
= (x + 20) (x – 4) = 4x2 + (2 + 2) xy + y2
Question no – (9) = 4x2 + 2xy + 2xy + y2
Solution : = 2x (2xl + y) + 2y (2x + y)
x2 + 18x + 81 = (2x + y) (2x – y)
= x2 + (9 + 9)x + 9 × 9 Question no – (17)
= x2 + 9x + 9x + 9 × 9 Solution :
= x (x + 9) + 9 ( x + 9) x2/4 + y2/9 + xy/3
= x + 9) ( x + 9) = 9x2 + 4y2 + 12xy/36
Question no – (10) = 9x2 + 12xy + 4y2/36
Solution : = 1/36 {9x2 + (6 + 6) xy + 4y2}
x2 – 12x + 35 = 1/36 { 9x2 + 6xy + 6xy + 4y2}
= x2 – (7 + 5) x + 35 = 1/36 {3x (3x + 2y) + 2y (3x + 2y) }
= x2 – 7x – 5x + 35 = 1/36 {(3x + 2y) (3x + 2y)}
= x (x – 7) – 5 (x – 7) Question no – (18)
= (x – 7) ( x – 5) Solution :
Question no – (11) 9x2 – 16x2 – 24xy
Solution : = 9x2 – 24xy + 16y2
= 9x2 (12 + 12) xy + 16y2 = 3a2 – 6ab – 6ab + 12b32
= 9x2 – 12xy – 12xy + 3 × 4y2 = 3a (a -2b) – 6 (a – 2b)
= 3x (3x – 4y) – 4y (3x – 4y) = (a – 2b) (3a – 6b)
= (3x – 4y) (3x – 4y) Question no – (26)
Question no – (19) Solution :
Solution : 16x2 + 14x -15
X2 – 4x/y + 4/y2 = 16x2 + (24 – 10) x – 15
= x2y2 – 4xy + 4/y2 = 16x2 + 247x – 10x – 15
= x2y2 – (2 +2) xy + 4/y2 = 8x (2x + 3) – 5( 2x + 3)
= x2y2 – 2xy – 2xy + 4/y2 = (2x + 3) (8x – 5)
= xy (xy – 2) + 2 (xy – 2) /y2 Question no – (27)
= (xy – 2) (xy – 2)/y2 Solution :
Question no – (20) 12x2 – x – 6
Solution : = 12x2 – (9 – 8) x – 6
5x2 + x – 18 = 12x2 – 9x + 8x – 6
= 5x2 + (10 – 9) x – 18 = 3x (4x; – 3) + 2 (4x – 3)
= 5x2 + 10x – 9x – 18 = (4x – 3) (3x + 2)
= 5x (x + 2) – 9 (x + 2) Question no – (28)
= (x+ 2) (5x – 9) Solution :
Question no – (21) -6a3b – 18a3 + 24a3b2
Solution : = -6a3 (b + 3 – 4b2)
x2 – 6x – 40 = – 6a3 (-4b2 + b + 3)
= x2 – (10 *- 4) x – 40 = – 6a2 {- 4b2 + (4 – 3) b +9 3}
= x2 – 10x + 4x – 40 = – 6a2 {-4b2 + (4 – 3) b + 3}
= x (x – 10) + 4( x – 10) = -6a2 { -4b2 + 4b – 3b + 3}
= (x – 10) p( x + 4) = -6a2 {4b (b – 1) – 3( b – 1) }
Question no – (22) = + 6a2 {(b – 1) (4b- 3)}
Solution : Question no – (29)
-8a2 – 18b4 + 24ab2 Solution :
= – (18b4 – 24ab2 + 8a2) (a + 2b)2 – 9 + 16 – 8/3 (a + 2b)
= {18b4 – (12 + 12) ab2 + 8a2} Let, a + 2b = x
= 18b4 – 12ab2 – 12ab2 + 8a2} ∴ x2/9 + 16 – 8/3x
= {3b2 (6b – 4a) – 2a (6b 2 – 4a)} = x2 + 144 – 24x/9
= { (6b2 – 4a) (3b2 – 2a()} = x2 – 247x + 144/9
Question no – (23) = 1/9 (x2 – 24x + 144)
Solution : = 1/9 {x 2 – (12 + 12) x + 144}
6x2 + 7x – 3 = 1/9 {x2 – 12x – 12x + 12 × 12}
= 6x2 + (9 – 2) x – 3 = 1/9 { x (x – 12) – 12 (x – 12) }
= 6x2 + 9x – 2x – 3 = 1/9 { (x – 12) (x – 12) }
= 3x (2x + 3) – 1 (2x + 3) Now, putting the value of x,
= (2x + 3) (3x – 1) = 1/9 { (a + 2b – 12) (a + 2b – 12)}
Question no – (24) Question no – (30)
Solution : Solution :
-7x2 – 5x + 12 8 (1 +x/3)2 – 6 (1 +x/3) – 35
= – (7x2 + 5x – 12) = Let, 1 +x/3 = a
= – {7x2 + (12 – 7) x – 12)} ∴ 98a2 – 6a – 35
= – { 7x2 + 12x – 7x – 12} = 8a2 – (20a – 14) a – 35
= – { 7x2 + 12x – 7x – 3 × 4} = 8a2 – 20a +9 14a – 35
= – { x (7x + 12) – 1 (7x + 12)} = 4a (2a – 5) + 7 (2a – 5)
= – {(7x + 12) ( x- 1)} = (2a – 5) (4a + 7)
Question no – (25) Now, putting the value of a,
Solution : {2 (1 + 4/3)) – 5} { 4 ( 1+ 4/3) + 7}
3a2 + 12b2 – 12ab = (2 + 2x/3 – 5) (4 + 4/3x + 7)
= 3a2 – 12ab + 12b2 = (2x/3 – 3) p(11 + 4/3 x)
= 3a2 – ( 6+ 6) b = 12b2 Question no – (31)
Solution : =x>7
x2 – 10x + 21 Hence the value of x is greater than 7
= x2 – (7 + 3) x + 21 ∴ Thus the solution set is = {φ}
= x2 – 7x – 3x + 21 (c) 7 < x + 6
= x2 – 7x – 3x + 21 = Subtracting 6 on both sides
= x2 – 7x – 3x + 3 × 7 7–6<x+6–6
= x (x – 7) – 3 (x – 7) =<x
= (x – 7) (x – 3) ∴ Thus the solution set = {2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}
Question no – (32) (d) – 2 < x ≤ 3
Solution : = The value of x is between – 2 and 3
25/x2 + y2/4 – 5y/x Thus the solution set = {- 1, 0, 1, 2, 3}
= 100 +x2y2 – 20xy/4x2 (e) -11 < n < 5
= 1/4x2 (x2y2 – 20xy + 100) = The value of n is between – 11 and 5
= 1/4x2 {x2y2 – (10 + 10) xy + 100} ∴ Thus the solution set = {- 5, – 4, – 3, – 2, – 1, 0, 1, 2, 3,
= 1/4x2 { x2y2 – 10xy – 10xy} 4}
= 1/4x2 {xy (xy – 10) – 10 (xy – 10)} (f) 0 ≤ p ≤ 8
= 1/4x2 (xy – 10) (xy + 10) = The value of p is between 0 and 8
Question no – (33) ∴ Thus the solution set = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}
Solution : Question no – (2)
(3x – 2y)2 – 4 (3x – 2y) – 32 Solution :
= Let, 3x – 2y = a (a) Replacement set = {- 2, – 1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}
= a2 – 4a – 32 Here, x > – 5
= a2 – (8 – 4) a – 32 ∴ Thus the solution set = {- 2, – 1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}
= a2 – 8a + 4a – 4 × 8 (b) Replacement set = {- 10, – 9, – 8, – 7, – 6}
= a (a – 8) + 4(a – 8) Here, x > – 5
= (a – 8) (a + 4) Thus the solution set = {φ}
Now, putting the value of a Question no – (3)
= (3x – 2y – 8) (3x – 2y + 4) Solution :
Question no – (34) (a) 2x + 5 > 5, x ∈ w
Solution : => 2x + 5 – 5 > 5 – 5 (Subtracting 5 on both side)
(5x + 2)2 + 16 (5x + 2) + 60 => 2x + 0 > 0
= Let, 5x + 2 = a => 2x > 0
∴ a2 + 16 a + 60 => 2x/2 > 0/2 (Dividing both sides by 2)
= a2 (10 + 6) a + 60 => x > 0
= a2 + 10a + 6a + 60 ∴ Thus the solution set for 2x + 5 > 5
= a2 + 10a + 6a + 6 × 10 x ∈ w {1, 2, 3, 4,…..}
= a (a + 10) + 6 (a + 10) (b) – 7 < – 5p – 2, p ∈ ℤ
= (a + 10) (a + 6) => – 7 + 2 <- 5p – 2 + 2 (Adding both sides by 2)
Now, putting the value of a => – 5/- 5 < – 5p/- 5 (Dividing both sides by – 5)
= (5x +2 + 10) (5x + 2 + 6) => 1 < p, p ∈ ℤ
= (5x + 12) (5 + 8) ∴ Thus the solution set of the given inequalities {…. – 2, –
1, 0}
Joy of Mathematics Class 8 Solutions (c) 4x – 15 ≤ 42, x ∈ ℕ and divisible by 3
Chapter 14 Linear Equations and In-equations in One => 4x – 15 ≤ 42
Variable Exercise 14.3 Solution : => 4x – 15 + 15 ≤ 42 + 15 (Adding both sides by 15)
Question no – (1) => 4x ≤ 57
Solution : => 4x/4 ≤ 57/4 (Dividing both sides by 4)
The replacement set is => x ≤ 57/4
= {- 5, – 4, – 3, – 2, – 1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7} => x ≤ 14.25
(a) x ≥ 5 ∴ Thus the solution set of the given inequalities which
= Here the value of x is greater equal to 5 belongs to ℕ and divisible by 3 = {12, 9, 6, 3}
Thus the solution set = {5, 6, 7} (d) 2x/5 – 10 < 15, x ∈ ℕ
(b) x – 5 > 2 => 2x/5 – 10 + 10 < 15 + 10 (Adding both sides by 10)
= Adding 5 on both sides => 2x/5 < 25
x–5+5>2+5 => 2x/5 × 5 < 25 × 5 (Multiplying both sides by 5)
=> 2x < 125 => 5x/5 ≥ 13/5 (Dividing both sides by 5)
=> 2x < 125/2 (Dividing both sides by 2) => x ≥ 2.6
=> x < 62.5 ∴ The solution set of x = {2.6, 3,…….}
∴ Thus the solution set of the given inequalities which Since x is an real number, x = – 2, – 1, 0, 1, 2 It can be
belongs to ℕ = {1, 2, ….., 61, 62} represented on the number line as shown.
(e) 5y – 8/4 ≤ 3, y ∈ ℕ
=> 5y – 8/4 × 4 ≤ 3 × 4 (Multiplying both sides by 4)
=> 5y – 8 ≤ 12
=> 5y – 8 + 8 ≤ 12 + 8 (Adding both sides by 8)
=> 5y ≤ 20
=> 5y/5 ≤ 20/5 (Dividing both sides by 5)
=> y ≤ 4 (b) 3x – 2 > 2(x + 2)
∴ Thus the solution set of the given inequalities is = {1, 2, => 3x – 2 > 2x + 4
3, 4} => 3x – 2x > 4 + 2
(f) 5/9 P – 7 > 2, P ∈ ℕ => x > 6
=> 5/9 P – 7 + 7 > 2 + 7 (Adding both sides by 7) ∴ The solution set of x = {7, 8, 9, ……}
=> 5/9 P > 9 ∴ Since, x ∈ W, it can be represented on the number line
=> 5/9 P × 9 > 9 × 9 (Multiplying both sides by 9) as shown
=> 5P > 81
=> 5P/5 > 81/5 (Dividing both sides by 5)
=> P > 16.2
∴ Thus the solution set of the given inequalities {17, 18,
19, …..}
Question no – (4)
Solution :
(a) – 5 + 2x ≤ 4 if, x ∈ {- 6, – 5, – 4, – 3, – 2, – 1, 0, 1, 2, (c) m – 2/3 < 5, m ∈ ℕ
3, 4, 5, 6} => m – 2 < 15
=> Here, – 5 + 2x ≤ 4 => m < 15 + 2
=> – 5 + 5 + 2x ≤ 4 + 5 (Adding both sides by 5) => m < 17
=> 2x ≤ 9 ∴ Thus the solution set of m = {1, 2, 3, …. 16}
=> 2x/2 ≤ 9/2 (Dividing both sides by 2) Since, m ∈ ℕ
=> x ≤ 4.5 It can be represented on the number line as shown
∴ Thus the solution set of the given inequalities {5, 6}
Since, x is an integer x = 5, 6

(d) – 5(2P + 7) > – 55, P ∈ ℤ

(b) 4(y + 2) > 2(y – 5) + 2 => – 10P – 35 > – 55
=> 4y + 8 > 2y – 10 + 5 => – 10P > – 55 + 35
=> 4y + 8 > 2y – 5 => – 10P > – 20
=> 4y – 2y + 8 > 2y – 2y – 5 (Subtracting both sides by => P > – 20/- 10
2y) => P > 2
=> 2y + 8 > – 5 ∴ Thus the relation set of P = {3, 4, 5, 6,…..}
=> 2y + 8 – 8 > – 5 – 8 (Subtracting both sides by 8) Since, P ∈ ℤ
=> 2y > – 13 It can be represented on the number line as shown
=> y > – 13/2
=> y > – 6.5
Question no – (5)
Solution :
(a) 5x – 2 ≥ 11, x ∈ ℝ
=> 5x – 2 + 2 ≥ 11 + 2 (Adding both sides by 2)
=> 5x ≥ 13
 Joy of Mathematics Class 8 Solutions Therefore the other angles are 70, 110° and 70°
Chapter 15 Properties of Quadrilaterals Question no – (4)
Properties of Quadrilaterals Exercise 15.2 Solution : Solution :
Question no – (1) Here, sum of pair of opposite angels = 200
Solution : ∴ measure of one angle
(a) From the parallelogram = 200/2
ABCD, = 100°
Length of the CD = 6 cm Let, the other opposite two angles is x°
(∵ AB || CD) and (AB = 6cm) Now, x° + 100 + 100 + x° = 360°
(b) From ABCD parallelogram = 2x° = 360 – 200
AD = 4 cm (AD || CB, and CB = 4 cm) = 2x° = 160
(c) <C = 60° (∵ <A = 60°, since opposite angle are equal) = x = 160/2
(d) AB || CD = 80
Now, = x = 80°
<A = 60° Therefore, the other two angles will be 100° and 80°
<C = 60° Question no – (5)
Let, <B = x° Solution :
Now, Here , Ratio of two sides of a Parallelogram = 3 : 2
we all know that sum of the angle of parallelogram is 360° And,
<A + <B + <C + <D = 360° let, the sides be = 3x and 2x,
=> 60 + x + 60 + x = 360 ∴ perimeter of a parallelogram
=> 2X + 120 = 360 = 2(3x + 2X)
=> 2x = 360 – 120 = 2 × 5x cm
=> 2x = 240 = 10x cm
=> x = 120 According to the question,
∴ <D = 120° 10x = 40
Now, = x= 40/10
<A + <D = <60 + <120° =x=4
= <180° Therefore the length of the two sides are
Question no – (2) = (3 × 4)
Solution : = 12cm
Ratio of two adjacent angles are = 1 : 2 and (2 × 4)
Let, the adjacent is x and 2x = 8 cm
We know, Question no – (6)
adjacent angles of parallelogram is 180° Solution :
Then, x + 2x = 180 let , the other side of the parallelogram is = x cm
= 3x = 180 ∴ Perimeter of the parallelogram = 2 (x + 10) cm
= x = 180/3 According to the question,
= x = 60° 2(x + 10) = 100
Therefore the adjacent angles are => 2x + 20 = 100
= 60°and 2 × 60 => 2x = 100 – 20
= 120° => 2x = 80
Question no – (3) => x = 40
Solution : Therefore, the other side of the parallelogram is 40 cm.
Here, one angle of parallelogram is = 110° Question no – (7)
and the opposite angle is 110° Solution :
Let, the other two angles are x° From the figure PQRS
Now,
We know that sum of the angle of a parallelogram are ∠p = ∠R (opposite angles of a parallelogram are same)
360° ∴ y + z = 30 + t and ∠Q = ∠S
∴ 110 + 110 + x + x= 360 We know, ∠P + ∠Q + ∠R + ∠S = 360°
=> 220 + 2x = 360 => 30 + t + 110 + 30 + t + 110 = 360°
=> 2x = 360 – 220 => 2t + 280 = 360
=> 2x = 140 => 2t = 360 – 280
=> x = 70 => 2t = 80
=> t = 80/2 So, △ADF ≅ △BCE
= 40° Then, AF = EC
∴ ∠R = 30 + t = 30 + 40 = 70 And FC = DC (since, F and E are the middle point of DC
∴ ∠p = 70 = y + z and AB respectively)
∴ y = 35° So, AECF is a parallelogram. (Proved)
z = 35° Question no – (10)
and x = 110° Solution :
Therefore, each of the angle,
x = 110°
y = 35°
z = 35°
t = 40°
Question no – (8)
Solution :
In △BCA and △DAC

In the Given figure,

∠C = 3x + 15
and, ∠A = 3x + 15
(Since ∠C and ∠A are opposite angle of parallelogram
which is same)
And, ∠D = 2X + 10°
∠B = 2x + 10° {opposite single is same}
We all know that,
Given, ABCD is a parallelogram <A + <B + <C + <D = 360
AD ≅ BC (opposite side of parallelogram are equal) => 3x + 15 + 2x + 10 + 3x + 15 + 2x + 10° = 360
AB ≅ DC (opposite side of parallelogram are equal) => 10x + 50 = 360
AB ≅ DC (common side of both triangle) => 10x = 360 – 50
So, △BCA ≅ △DAC => 10x = 310
(a) Since, ABCD is a parallelogram then => x = 310/10
DC = DA (opposite side of the parallelogram are same) => x = 31
(b) ABCD is a parallelogram then Therefore the required value of x = 31°
AB = CD (opposite side of the parallelogram are same) (b) In figure,
(c) ∠B = ∠D ∠A = 5y, ∠C = 5y
ABCD is a parallelogram so opposite angles is same ∠B = 3y + 20, ∠D = 3y + 20 (Opposite angle of the
Question no – (9) parallelogram is same)
Solution : Now,
∠A + ∠B + ∠C + ∠D = 360
=> 5y = 3y + 20 + 5y + 3y + 20 = 360
=> 16y + 40 = 360
=> 16y = 360 – 40
=> 16y = 320
=> y = 320/16
=> y = 20
∴ The required value of y = 20
Question no – (11)
Solution :

In △ADF and △BCE

Given, ABCD is a parallelogram
AD || BC(opposite side of parallelogram)
DC || AB (opposite side of parallelogram)
And, ∠E = ∠F (midpoint)
Given, PQRS is a rectangle of the rectangle are equal Given, PQRS
Thus, PR = QS ∠P = 90/2
=> 3y + 5 = 2 = 45°
=> 3y = 2 – 5 ∠Q = 45°
=> 3y = – 3 ∴ Then ∠z = 180 – (45 + 45)
=> y = – 3/3 => ∠z = 180 – (90)
=–1 => z = 90°
∴ Thus the required value of y = – 1 and, ∠x = 90/2
We know, = 45° (Since SR ⊥ RQ)
∠S = 90° y = 180 – 45
=> 30° + x° = 90° = 135°
=> x = (90 – 30)° Therefore the angles of the square are x = 45°, y = 135°, z
= 60° = 90°
and, ∠Q = 90° Question no – (15)
=> 2 × Z = 90° Solution :
=> Z = 90/2
= 45°
∴ Thus the value of x and z are 60° and 45° respectively .
Question no – (12)
Solution :

Since, ABCD is a rhombus and BD, CA are diagonal.

∠COB = 90°
∠OAB = 30°
∴ ∠OBA = 180 – (90 + 30)
= 180 – 120
ABCD is a square, and ABO is an equilateral triangle then = 60°
the angle of the ABO triangle are 60° ∴ ∠y = 2 × 60 = 120°
∴ ∠X = 90 – 60 Now, from the triangle △BDC,
= 30° ∠CDB = 180 – (∠BCD + ∠DBC)
(a) ∠BCO = 180 – (30 + 90) = 180 – (60 + 60)
= 180 – 120 = 180 – 120
= 60° = 60
Question no – (13) and, ∠BOC = 60°
Solution : ∠COB = 90°
∠BCO = 180 – (90 + 60)
= 180 – 150
= 30°
∴ ∠x = 30 × 2 => (RX)2 = 72 – 62
= 60° => RX = √40 – 36
∴ ∠z = 2 × 60 = √13
= 120° Since, it is an isosceles trapezium
∴ Thus the required angles are So, RX = YE and TN = XY
∠x = 60° So, RE = RX + TN + YE
∠y = 120° = √13 + 15 + √13
∠z = 120° = 15 + 2√13
Question no – (16) Question no – (18)
Solution : Solution :

Here, ABCD is a rectangle and ∠COD = 120

Since, ABCD is a rhombus,
then, ∠AOB = 120 (Since ∠COD and ∠AOB are
(a) △AOB is a right angle triangle
Now,
(b) Here,
AO = 8cm Let, ∠ABO = x and ∠BAO = x (Since the diagonal of the
BO = 6cm rectangle is same)
From the right angle triangle From △AOB
AB² = AO2 + BO2 ∠OAB + ∠ABO + ∠AOB = 180°
= (8)2 + (6)2 => x + x + 120 = 180
= 64 + 36 => 2x = 180 – 120
= 100 => 2x = 60
∴ AB = √100 => x = 60/x
= 10 = 30
Therefore, the length of the AB = 10 cm. (a) Thus ∠ABO = 30° and ∠OAD = (90 – 30) = 60
(c) Each side of the length of the rhombus is 10 cm (b) ∠ADO = 60° (Since, ∠OAD = ∠ADO)
Question no – (17) (c) ∠OBA = 30° and ∠OBC = 90 – 30 = 60°
Solution : ∴ ∠BCO = 60 (Since ∠OCB = ∠BCO)
Question no – (19)
Solution :

Since,
TN || RE
TX ⊥ RE Here,
Then, from △RTX we get, ABCD is a rhombus AC and BD is a diagonal of the
(TR)2 = (TX)2 + (RX)2 rhombus
=> 72 = 62 + (RX)2 OA = OC ….. (i)
OB = OD ….. (ii)
From (ii) = √169
x+3=5 = 13
=> x = 5 – 3 ∴ Thus the longest part of the triangle is 13.
=> x = 2 Question no – (3)
From (i) Solution :
12 = x + y From the given figure,
=> 12 = 2 + y AP = 3 cm
=> y = 12 – 2 OA = 8/2
=> y = 10 = 4 cm
Now, BD = (x + 3) + 5 ∴ OP2 = (OA)2 + (AP)2
= (2 + 3) + 5 = 42 + 32
=5+5 => OP = √16 + 9
= 10 => Op = √25
AC = 12 + (y + x) => OP = 5
= 12 + 10 + 2 ∴ Thus the required distance between O and P is 5 cm.
= 24 Question no – (4)
From the △AOB Solution :
AB2 = OB2 + OA2 Here,
= (5)2 + (12)2
= 25 + 144
= 169
=> AB = √169 = 13
=> z = 13
∴ Perimeter of the rhombus,
= 4 × AB
= 4 × 13
= 52 units

Joy of Mathematics Class 8 Solutions Chapter 17 the radius of the circle = 25cm
Circles Exercise 17 Solution : (a) OA is 14cm then A will lie in the interior of the circle.
Question no – (1) (b) OB is 28 cm then B will lie in the exterior of the circle.
Solution : (c) OC is 25 cm, then C will lie in the circle.
The part of the circle along which the insect is Question no – (5)
crawling diameter. Solution :
Question no – (2) (a)
Solution : Here,
Here,

<ACB = 90°
AC = 12 cm => y = 90°
AB = 5 cm and, <z = 60° (∵ <DPB = <CPA)
and, let the longest part of the right angled triangle is x
From △ADB
Now,
<ADB = 90°
x2 = (AC)2 + (AB)2
and <DBA = 90/2
=> x2 = (12)2 + (5)2
=> <x = 45°
=> x = √144 + 25
Therefore the required angles are
x = 45°, y = 90°, z = 60°
(b)

So, It is an isolated triangle. An isolated triangle has one

line of symmetry.
As O is the center of the circle, Drawing :
<ACB = 90°
From the △ACB
<ACB + <ABC + <BAC = 180
=> 90 + x + 39 = 180
=> x = 180 – 129
=> x = 51
Therefore the required angle is x = 51°
(c)
(b) Required figure –

So, It is a square. A square has four lines of symmetry

long the diagonals and the lines joining the midpoints of
From the △ABC
the opposite sides.
<ABC = 90°
Drawing :
<BAC = 35°
So, <BCA = 180 – (90 + 35)
=> x = 180 – 125
=> x = 55
and, the △ADC, <ADC = 90°, <DAC = 55
<ACD = 180 – (90 + 55)
=> y = 180 – 145
=> y = 35
∴ Thus the required value of
x = 55°
y = 35°
(c) Required figure –
Joy of Mathematics Class 8 Solutions Chapter 18
Symmetry Reflection and Rotation
Exercise 18.1 Solution
Question no – (1)
Solution :
(a) Required figure –
It is an angle. An angle has only one of symmetry. (b) Required figure –
Drawing :

Line symmetry :
(d) Required figure –

This is circle and a circle has infinite number of line of (c) Required figure –
symmetry.
and, there also a equilateral triangle. it has three lines of
symmetry.
Question no – (2)
Solution :
As per the given question,
(a) The capital letters of the English alphabet which point
symmetry are H, I, O, X, S, N, Z.
(b) Here, the letters are, H, I, O, X. Line symmetry :
Question no – (3)
Solution :
Therefore, Number of axes symmetry of the figure are 6, 1
and 2.
Question no – (4)
Solution :
(a) Required figure –

Question no – (5)
Solution :
According to the given question,
Line symmetry : Required figure –
 (b)

Here, the number of line symmetry point is = M

Symmetry Reflection and Rotation Exercise 18.2 (c)
Solution
Question no – (1)
Solution :
Mirror image :
(a)

(b)

Joy of Mathematics Class 8 Solutions Chapter 19

Recognition of Solids Exercise 19.1 Solution :
Question no – (1)
(c) Solution :
Here, length = 6 cm
Breadth = 4 cm
Height = 3 m

Question no – (2)
Solution :
Rotational Symmetry
(a)
Question no – (2)
Solution :
Here, cube of side = 5 cm
Question no – (3) This is three dimensional shape. Name of the shape is
Solution : cylinder.
Here, (d)
Length = 22 cm
Breadth = 10 cm = Height of the cylinder.
∴ Then circumference = 22 cm
According to the problem,
2πr = 22
=> r = 22/2π
= 22 × 7/2 × 22
= 7/2 This is three dimensional shape. Name of the shape is
= 3.5 sphere.
∴ Thus height of the cylinder 10 cm and radius of the (e) This is three dimensional shape. Name of the shape is
cylinder 3.5 cm prism.
Question no – (4) (f) This is three dimensional shape. Name of the shape is
Solution : cube.
(g)

(b) Net of Pyramid This is three dimensional shape. Name of the shape is
Question no – (5) cone.
Solution : (h)
(a)
This is two dimensional shape. Name of the shape is
rectangle.
(i) This is three dimensional shape and it’s a cube.
Question no – (6)
Solution :
Solids Nets
This is two dimensional shape. Name of the shape is (a) (iv)
triangle. (b) (iii)
(b) (c) (v)
(d) (i)
(e) (ii)
Question no – (7)
Solution :
The cube can be used to make cube are, a, b, c, d.
Question no – (8)
This is three dimensional shape. Name of the shape is Solution :
pyramid. (a)
(c)
 Edges = 9
Now, Euler’s formula we get,
F+V–E
=5+6–9
= 11 – 9
= 2 (Proved)
Question no – (3)
Solution :
(a) Here,
Faces = 4
Vertices = 4
(b) Edges = x
Now, from Euler’s formula,
F+V–E=2
=> 4 + 4 – x = 2
=> 8 – x = 2
=> x = 6
(b) and Here,
Faces = y
Vertices = x = 6
Recognition of Solids Exercise 19.1 Solution : Edges = 12
Question no – (1) From Euler’s formula,
Solution : F+V–E=2
(a) A triangular prism has 5 faces 6 vertices and 9 edges. => Y + 6 – 12 = 2
(b) A book is in the shape of cuboid. => Y – 6 = 2
(c) A torch cell is in the shape of cylinder. => Y = 2 + 6 = 8
(d) A candle is in the shape of cylinder. (c) Here, Faces = x = 6
(e) A triangular pyramid whose all faces are equilateral Vertices = y = 8
triangles of the same size is called tetrahedron. Edges = z
(f) A pentagonal prism has 7 faces 10 vertices From Euler’s formula,
and 15 edges. F+V–E=2
Question no – (2) => 6 + 8 – z = 2
Solution : => 14 – z = 2
(a) This is a square pyramid. => – z = 2 – 14
Here, => – z = – 12
Faces = 5 => z = 12
Vertices = 5
Edges = 8
Now, Euler’s formula we get, Joy of Mathematics Class 8 Solutions Chapter 20
F+V–E Perimeter and Area of Plane Figures
=5+5–8 Exercise 20.1 Solution
= 2 (Proved) Question no – (1)
(b) This is pentagonal prism Solution :
Here, Faces = 7 The ratio of the sides = 1 : 3 : 4
Vertices = 10 Let, the sides be x, 3x and 4x
Edges = 15 ∴ Perimeter of the triangle of △PQR = (x + 3x + 4x) cm
From Euler’s formula we get, According to the problem,
F+V–E x + 3x + 4x = 40
= 7 + 10 – 15 => 8x = 40
= 17 – 5 => x = 40/8
= 12 (Proved) =5
(c) This is a Triangular prism
Here, Therefore the sides of the triangles are 5 cm 15 cm and 20
Faces = 5 cm.
Vertices = 6 Question no – (2)
Solution :
Here, the length of the rectangular = 100 m
Breadth of the rectangular = 55 m
∴ Area of the rectangular
= 100 × 55 m2
= 5500 m2
Now, the side of the square = 156 m
∴ Area of the square
= (156)2
= 24336 m2
∴ Area is left
= (24336 – 5500) m2 Here in Inward rectangular, EFGH
= 18836 m2 l1 = 27 – (6.25 + 6.25) m
∴ Area in hectares = (27 – 12.5) m
= 18836/10000 = 14.5 m
= 1.8836 hectares. b1 = 17 – (4 + 4) m
Question no – (3) = (17 – 78) m
Solution : =9m
(a) Let, length of the each side of the square is = x cm And, the out word rectangular ABCD,
∴ Diagonal of the square = length of the side × √2 l2 = 27m
According to the question, b2 = 17m
x × √2 = 4√2 ∴ Area of the shaded portion
=> x = 4√2/√2 = (27 × 17) – (14.5 × 9)
=> x = 4 = (459 – 130.5) m2
∴ Length of the each side = 4 cm = 328.5 m2
(b) Here, length of the each side = 4 cm Therefore the area of the shaded portion 328.5m2
∴ Perimeter of the square = 4 × x cm Question no – (6)
= 4 × 4 cm Solution :
= 16 cm Here, length of the carpet = 4m
Question no – (4) Breadth of the carpet = 2.5m
Solution : ∴ Area of the carpet
Here, uniform path = 2 cm = (4 × 2.5) m2
Now, = 10 m2
New length, ∴ Area of the rectangular room = 16m2
∴ Now, Area of the floor
= 50 + 2 + 2 = (16 – 10) m2
= 54 m = 6 m2
New breadth, Question no – (7)
= 36 + 2 + 2 Solution :
= 40 m
∴ Area of the track
= {(54 × 40) – (50 × 36)} m
= {2160 – 1800} m
= 360 m
∴ Thus the area of the track is 360 m.
Question no – (5)
Solution :

Here, the length of the field = 70 m

Breadth of the field = 40 m
Let, wide of path = x m
Area of path = 1000m2
Now, according to the question,
40 × 70 – {(40 – x – x) × (70 – x – x)} = 1000
=> 2800 – {(40 – 2x) (70 – 2x)} = 1000
=> 2800 – {2800 – 80x – 140x + 4x2} = 1000
=> 2800 – 2800 + 80x + 140x – 4x2 = 1000
=> – 4x2 + 220x – 1000 = 0
=> x2 – 55x + 250 = 0
=> x2 – (50 + 5)x + 250 = 0
=> x2 – 50x – 5x (x – 50) = 0
=> (x – 50) (x – 5) = 0
∴ x – 50 = 0 Here , ABCD is a rhombus
=> x = 50 AB = 13 CM
x–5=0 BC = 10 CM
=> x = 5 Now , Area of the rhombus = 2 × area of △ABC
Hence, width of the path will be 5 m. = 2 × 1/2 × AB × BC
Question no – (8) = 2 × 1/2 × 13 × 10
Solution : = 130 cm²
In 60 per m rate = 120600 So, the area of the rhombus 130 cm²
In 1 per m rate = 120600/60 Question no – (3)
= 2010 Solution :
Let, the breadth of the rectangular = x m Required Figure,
∴ Perimeter of the rectangular
= 2(l + x) m
= 2(150 + x) m
Now, according to question,
=> 2 (150 + m) = 2010
=> 300 + 2x = 2010
=> 2x = 2010 – 300
=> 2x = 1710 Here, area of parallelogram is same
=> x = 1710/2 AF × BC = AE × CD
= 855 Now , AE = 6.4 CM ,
Now, the area of the rectangular AB = 18 cm ,
= (150 × 855) m2 BC = 12 cm
= 128,250m2 AF × BC = AE × CD
Perimeter and Area of Plane Figures exercise 20.2 = AE × 12 = 6.4 × 18
Solution : = AF = 9.6 cm
Question no – (1) Question no – (4)
Solution : Solution :
Here, the base of length = 25 cm Here, the perimeter of the parallogram = 60 cm
Altitude of length = 8.4 cm Let, the length of the side be 3x and 2x cm
∴ Thus the area of a parallelogram is Now, according to the question ,
= (base × altitude) cm² 2 (3x × 2x ) = 60
= (25 × 8 . 4) cm² = 2 × 5x = 60
= (25 × 84/10) cm² = 10x = 60
= 210 cm² = x = 60/10
∴ The area of the parallelogram is 210 cm² =x=6
Question no – (2) ∴ The side of the parallelogram are 18 and 12 cm
Solution : And, altitude corresponding to the larger side = 5 cm
Required Figure, ∴ Area of the parallelogram,
= base × altidude
= 18 × 5
= 90 cm²
Let, y be the altitude corresponding to the smaller side .
Now , Area of the parallelogram
= base × altitude
= 90 = 12 × y
= y = 90/12 = 1/2 (10 + x) × 11 = 121
= 7.5 = 1/2 (10 + x) = 121/11
∴ The altitude corresponding to the smaller side is 7.5 cm . = 1/2 (10 + x) = 11
Question no – (5) = 10 + x/2 = 11
Solution : = 10 + x = 22
Here the side of triangle are 12 cm, = x = 22 – 10
35 cm and 37 cm . = x = 12
∴ Now , a = 12 cm Therefore, the length of the parallel side is 12 cm .
B = 35 cm Question no – (9)
C = 37 cm Solution :
And the area of triangle Here, the parallel sides of the trapezium is ,
= √s (s – a) (s – b) (s – c) 16 cm and 20 cm .
S = a + b + c/2 (From Her or′ s formula) ∴ Height = 12 cm
= 12 + 35 + 37/2 ∴ Area of the trapezium
= 84/2 = 1/2 × (16 + 20) × 12
∴ s = 42 = 1/2 × 36 × 12
Thus area of triangle, = 216 cm²
= √42 (42 – 12) (42 – 35) (42 – 37) cm² ∴ Thus the area of the trapezium is 216 cm²
= √42 × 30 × 7 × 5 cm² Question no – (10)
= √6 × 7 × 5 × 6 × 7 × 5 cm² Solution :
= 6 × 7 × 5 cm² Here , the parallel sides of the trapezium is = 12 m and 18
= 30 × 7 cm² m
= 210 cm² ∴ Distance between them = 6.4 m
∴ Therefore the area of triangle 210 cm² ∴ Thus the area of the trapezium is = 1/2 × (sum of
Question no – (6) parallel sides) × height
Solution : = 1/2 × (18+12) × 6.4 cm²
Here, side of the equilateral triangle is (x) = 12 cm = 1/2 × 30 × 6.4/10
∴ Thus the area of the equilateral triangle = 92 cm²
= √3/4 x² cm² Therefore, the area of the trapezium is 96 cm²
= √3/4 × (12)² cm² Question no – (11)
= √3/4 × 12 × 12 cm² Solution :
= 36√3 cm² Let , the length of the parallel side is = x cm
∴ Area of the equilateral triangle is 36√3 cm² ∴ Other side of the trapezium is = 64 cm
Question no – (7) ∴ Distance between two parallel side = 17 cm
Solution : ∴ Area of the trapezium = 1/2 × (64 + x) × 17 cm²
Let, the length of each side of the triangle is x cm . according to the question ,
∴ Area of an equilateral triangle is = 1/2 (64+x) × 17 = 850
= √3/4 × x² cm² = 64 + x/2 = 850/17
According to the question , = 64 + x/2 = 50
√3/4 × x² = 16 √3 = 64 + x = 100
= x² = 16 × 4 √3 = x = 100 – 64
= x² =16 × 4 = 36
= x = √4 × 4 × 2 × 2 Thus, length of the parallel side is 36 cm.
=x=4×2 Perimeter and Area of Plane Figures Exercise 20.3
=x=8 Solution
Therefore, the length of each side of an equilateral triangle Question no – (1)
is 8 cm . Solution :
Question no – (8) (a) Here , the radius of the circle (r) = 14 dm
Solution : = 4 × 14 dm
Let, the one of the parallel side is x other sides = 10 cm . = 5.6 dm
Here, height = 11 cm ∴ Area of the circle = πr² dm²
∴ Area of the trapezium = 1/2 × (sum of the parallel side) = π × (14)² dm²
× height = 22/7 × 14 × 14 dm²
= 1/2 × (x + 10) × 11 = 616 dm²
According to the question ,
∴ circumference and area of the circle is 56 dm and = >X = 11
respectively ∴ same wire is repent to from a circle and area of the circle
(b) Here, radius (r) = 2.1 m = π × (11)² cm²
∴ Circumference of the circle = 4 × r m = π × 11 × 11 cm²
= 4 × 2.1 m =22/7 × 11 × 11 cm²
= 8.4 m = 380.28 cm²
∴ Area of the circle = πr²m² ∴ Thus the area of the circle is 380.28 cm²
= 22/7 × (2.1)² m² Question no – (6)
= 22/7 × 2.1 × 2.1 m² Solution :
= 13.86 m² 20,000 revolution going over a distance = 15.7 km
(c) Here, radius (r) = 4.9 cm 1 revolution going over a distance
∴ Circumference of the circle = 4r cm = 15.7 × 10000/20000 × 10 cm
= 4 × 4.9 cm = 157/2 cm
= 19 .6 cm Let, the radius of the wheel = r cm
∴ Area of the circle = πr² ∴ Circumference of the wheel =2πr cm
= π × 4.9 × 4.9 cm² Now, 2πr = 157 / 2
= 22/7 × 4.9 × 4.9 cm² => r = 157/2 × 2 × 3.14
= 75.46 cm² = 12.5
Question no – (2) So, the radius of the wheel 12.5 cm
Solution : Question no – (7)
Let, the radius of the circle is = x cm Solution :
∴ Circumference of the circle is = 4x cm The radius of circle 12.5 cm
According to the question, ∴ perimeter of the circle
4x = 154 = 2 × π × 56 cm
=> x =154/4 And, Let the side of the square = x cm
= 38.5 Now, 2 × π × 56 cm = 4 × x
∴ Thus the radius of the circle is 38.5 cm => x = 2 × π × 56 / 4
Question no – (3) => x = 2 × 22/7 × 14 [∵ π = 22/7]
Solution : => x = 88
Let, the radius of the circle = x cm ∴ Thus the side of the square = 88 cm
Now, circumference of the circle = 4x cm Question no – (8)
According to the question, Solution :
4x = 44 Let, the radius of the circle = r m
=> x = 44/4 = 11 ∴ Circumference of the circle = 2πr m
∴ Thus the diameter of the circle According to the question,
= (2 × 11) cm 2πr = 35.2
= 22 cm => r = 35. 2 / 2π
Question no – (4) => 35.2 × 7 /10 × 2 × 22 [∵ π = 22/7]
Solution : => 56 / 10
Here, diameter of two circle is 3.5 cm and 4.2 cm => r = 5.6
∴ Radius of two circle is = 3.5/2 cm and 4.2/2 cm ∴ Thus the diameter of the circle = 2r
∴ Ratio of the area of the smaller circle to that of the = 2 × 5.6
bigger circle = 11.2 m
= π (3.5/2)² : π (4.2/2)² ∴ Area of the circle = πr²m²
= 12.25/4 : 17.64/4 = π.(5.6)²m²
= 12.25 : 17.64 = 22/7 × 5.6 × 5.6/10 × 10 m²
=1225 : 1764 = 176 × 56/100 m²
= 175 : 252 = 9856/100 m²
= 25 : 36 = 98.56 m²
Question no – (5) Therefore, area of the circle 98. 56 m²
Solution : Question no – (9)
Let, the length of the square encloses is x Solution :
∴ Area of the square enclose = x² , m² Let, the radius of the circle = r cm
Now, x² = 121 ∴ Area of the circle = πr²cm2
=> x = √121 Now, according to the question,
=> r² = 2464 / π 2nd packages = 18 dm × 15 dm × 21 dm
=> r2 = 2464/5 ∴ Surface area of 2nd packages
=> r² = 2464 × 7 / 22 [∵ π = 22/7] = 2 (18 × 15 + 15 × 18 + 21 × 18) dm²
=> r = √112 × 7 = 2 × 963 dm²
=> √2 × 7 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 7 = 1926 dm²
=> r = 2 × 2 × 7nctbsolution.com ∴ 2nd packages make less quantity.
Joy of Mathematics Class 8 Solutions Chapter 21 ∴ 2nd packages make less quantity by,
Surface Area and Volume of Solids = (2286 – 1926) dm²
Amit Rakshit = 360 dm²
10–13 minutes Question no – (3)
Solution :
Warning: Undefined array key Here, long (i) = 1.8 m = 180 cm
"https://nctbsolution.com/joy-of-mathematics-class-8- Wide (w) = 1.5 m = 150 cm
solutions/" in High (h) = 1.2 m = 120 cm
/home/862143.cloudwaysapps.com/hpawmczmfj/public ∴ Volume of the wooden card
_html/wp-content/plugins/wpa-seo-auto-linker/wpa- = (180 × 150 × 120 cm³
seo-auto-linker.php on line 192 = 3240000 cm³
Welcome to NCTB Solution. Here with this post we are And the volume of the cube which wide is 6 cm
going to help 8th class students for the Solutions of Joy of = (6)³
Mathematics Class 8 Book, Chapter 21 Surface Area and = 216
Volume of Solids. Here students can easily find step by ∴ Number of iron cubes that can be fitted in the wooden
step solutions of all the problems for Surface Area and create
Volume of Solids. Exercise wise proper solutions for = 3240000/216
every problems. All the problem are solved with easily = 15000
understandable methods so that all the students can Question no – (4)
understand easily. Here students will find solutions for Solution :
Exercise 21.1 and 21.2 Here, long (i) = 5.6 m
Surface Area and Volume of Solids Exercise 21.1 Wide (b) = 4.3 m
Solution High (h) = 4 m
Question no – (1) ∴ Area of the wall = 2h (l + b) cm²
Solution : = 2 × 4 × (5.6 + 4.3)
Here, l = long = 6 dm = 8 × 9.9
B = wide = 3.4 dm = 79.2 cm²
H = high = 3 dm ∴ the cost price of painting the wall at 65/- per sq. meter
∴ Surface area of card board = 2(lb + bh + hl) dm² = 79.2 × 65
= 2 (6 × 3.4 + 3.4 × 3 × 6) = 5148 Rs
= 2 (20.4 + 10.2 + 18) Question no – (5)
= 2 (48.6) Solution :
= 97.2 dm² Here, length (l) = 8 m
= 97.2 × 100 Wide (b) = 6 m
= 9720 cm² High (h0 = 4 m
∴ Surface area of card board in dm units 9.72 dm and in ∴ Area of the room
cm unit’s 5720 cm² = 2h (l + b) m²
Let, the x card board used = 2 × 4 (8 + 6) m²
Now, x × 5/6 = 9720 = 8 × 14 m²
=> 5x = 58320 = 112 m²
=> x = 11664 ∴ Area of two windows
∴ 11664 cm² card board is used . = 1.2 × 1 × 2
Question no – (2) = 3 m²
Solution : And, area of two doors
1st packages = 42 dm × 10 dm × 9 m = 2.2 × 1.2 × 2
Surface area of 1st packages = 5.28 m²
= 2 (42 × 15 + 15 × 9 × 9 × 42) dm² Now, cost of white washing the walls at 3 /- per sq. meter
= 2 × 1143 dm² = (112 × 3) – (3 × 3 + 5.28 × 3)
= 2286 dm² = 336 – (9 + 15.84)
= 336 – 24.84 ∴ side of the square based of the cuboid 16 cm
= 311.16 Rs Question no – (10)
Question no – (6) Solution :
Solution : Here, the dimensions = 19 m × 16 m × 10 m
Let, the height of the room = x m ∴ Volume of the outer dimension wood
Length (l) = 4.2 m = (13 × 16 × 10) m²
Breadth (b) = 3 m = 2080 m²
∴ Now, area of the room ∴ Thickness
= 2h (l + b) m² = 50 cm
= 2x (4.2 + 3) m² = 0.5 m
According to the question, ∴ Volume of the inner wood,
2x (7.2) = 51.2 = (13 – 2 × 0.5) × (16 – 2 × 0.5) × (10 – 2 × 0.5) m²
=> x = 51.2/2 × 7.2 = 1620 m²
= 512/144 ∴ Volume of the wood
= 3.56 = (2080-1620) m²
So, the height of the room = 3.56 m = 460 m²
Question no – (7) Question no – (11)
Solution : Solution :
The flat roof dimensions = 4 × 6 m Here, the dimension of cuboid = 63 cm × 35 cm × 21 cm
Rainfall height = 4.2 cm = 0.042 m ∴ Volume of cuboid,
Volume of the rain water collected at roof = (63 × 35 × 21) cm³
= 4 × 6 × 0.042 m³ = 46,305 cm³
Let, the depth of the water tank be = x m ∴ Cube of length 7 cm and its volume
4 × 6 × 0.042 = 3.2 × 1.5 × x = 7 × 7 × 7 cm³
=> x = 4 × 6 × 0.042/3.2 × 1.5 = 343 cm³
=> 1008/4800 ∴ Number of cube,
= 0.21 m = 46,305/343
= 210 mm = 135
So, the depth of the tank = 210 mm So, the number of cube 135
Question no – (8) Question no – (12)
Solution : Solution :
Here, volume of the lamp = 136 cm³ Here, shape of dimension = 80 cm × 50 cm
Volume of the cube which side is 2 cm ∴ Area of the sheet
= (2 × 2 × 2) cm² = (80 × 50) cm
∴ Number of cube = volume of lamp/volume of cube = 4000 cm²
= 136/2 × 2 × 2 Now, new length = 80 – 10 – 10
= 17 = 60 cm
∴ Weight of one cube And new breadth = 50 – 10 – 10
= 207/17 = 50 – 20
= 12.17 g = 30
Question no – (9) ∴ New area of sheet = 60 × 30 cm²
Solution : = 1800 cm²
Let , the length of the square based cube = a and breadth ∴ Surface area of the cuboid
of the square based cube = a (since the cuboid has a square = 2h (l + b)
base ) According to the question,
∴ Height (h) = 10 cm 2 h (l + b) = 1800
∴ Side of the cube = 8 cm => 2h (60 + 30) = 1800
∴ Now, volume of the cube = 8 × 8 × 8 cm³ =>2h = 1800/90
Volume of 5 cube = 5 × 8 × 8 × 8 cm³ => h = 10
Now, according to the question, Now, volume of the cuboid = l × b × h
5 × 8 × 8 × 8 = a × a × 10 = 60 × 30 × 10
=> a² = 5 × 8 × 8 × 8/10 = 18000 cm³
=> a = √4 × 8 × 8 Question no –(13)
=> √266 Solution :
=> a = 16 Here, length of cuboid (i) = 15 + 15 = 30 cm
Breadth (l) = 15 cm (b) Total surface area of the cylinder
Height (h) = 15 cm = 2πr (h + r)
∴ Surface area of cuboid = 2 (lb + bh + lh) = 2 × 22/7 × 70 (700 + 70)
= 2 (30 × 15 + 15 × 15 + 15 × 15) = 2 × 22/7 × 70 × 770
= 2 × 1125 cm² = 44 × 770
= 2250 cm² = 311080 cm2
∴ Volume of the cuboid = l × b × h (c) Volume of the cylinder = πr2h
= 30 × 15 × 15 = 22/7 × 70 × 70 × 700
= 30 × 225 = 220 × 4900
= 6750 cm³ = 1078000 cm2
So, the surface area of the cuboid 2250 cm² and volume of Question no – (2)
the cuboid = 6750 cm³ Solution :
Question no – (14) Let, the radius of the right circular cylinder = r
Solution : ∴ Height of the cylinder (h) = 20cm
Dimension of cuboid = 36 cm × 75 cm × 80 cm Now, volume of the cylinder = πr2h
∴ Volume of the cuboid = 36 × 75 × 80 cm³ According to the question,
Let, the sides of the cube be x πr2h = 770
∴ Volume of the cube = x³cm³ => r2 = 770/πh
According of the question, = 770 × 7/22 × 20
x³ = 36 × 75 × 80 => r = √7 × 11 × 7/2 × 11 × 2
=> x³ = 21600 => r = 7/2
=> x = 60 = 3.5
∴ The surface area of the cube ∴ Radius of the cylinder = 3.5 cm
= 6 (60)² ∴ Curved surface area = 2πrh
= 6 × 360 cm² = 2 × 22/7 × 35/10 × 20
= 2160 cm² = 440 cm2
Question no (15) Question no – (3)
Solution : Solution :
Let, the length, breadth and height of the cuboid are 1 cm, (a) Let, the radius of the base = r
b cm and h cm. ∴ Circumference of the base = 2πr
∴ then area of the adjacent rectangular faces are lb, bh, hl, ∴ 2πr = 88
cm² => r = 88/2π
Now, lb = 80 → (1) = 88 × 7/2 × 22 (∵ π = 22/7)
bh = 48 → (2) = 14
hl = 60 → (3) ∴ Radius (r) = 14 cm
Multiplying (1), (2) and (3) we get, Height (h) = 26 cm
lb × bh × hl = 230400 Now,
=> (lbh)² = 230400 Total surface area of the cylinder = 2πr = (h + r)
=> lbh = √230400 = 2 × 22/7 × 14 (26 + 14)
=> 480 = 2 × 22/7 × 14 × 40
∴ Area of the cuboid, = 3520 cm2
= 480/80, 480/48, 480/60, Volume of the cylinder = πr2h
= 6, 10, 8 cm = 22/7 × 14 × 14 × 26
Surface Area and Volume of Solids Exercise 21.2 = 16016 cm3
Solution : (b) Let, the radius of the base = r cm
Question no – (1) ∴ Area of the base = πr2 cm2
Solution : ∴ πr2 = 346.5
Here, radius of the cylinder = (r) = 70cm => r2 = 346.5 × 7/22 (∵ π = 22/7)
∴ Height of the cylinder (h) => r2 = 110.25
=7m => r = 10.5
= 700 cm ∴ radius (r) = 10.5 cm
(a) Curved surface area of the cylinder = 2πrh height (h) = 24.5 cm
= 2 × 22/7 × 70 × 700 (∵ π = 22/7) ∴ Total surface area of the cylinder
= 44 × 7000) = 2πr (h + r)
= 308000 cm2 = 2 × 22/7 × 10.5 (24.5 + 10.5)
= 2 × 22/7 × 105/10 × 35 ∴ The total cost price of painting
= 2310 cm2 = 15 × 3300m2
∴ Volume of the cylinder = πr2h = 49500m2
= 22/7 × 10.5 × 10.5 × 24.5 Question no – (8)
= 8489.25 cm3 Solution :
Question no – (4) Here, length (l) = 22cm
Solution : Wide (b) = 12cm
Let, the height of the cylinder = h Height of the cylinder (h) = 12cm
∴ diameter f the cylinder = 7 cm ∴ Circumference of base of cylinder = 22
∴ Radius of the cylinder ∴ 2πr = 22
= 7/2 cm => r = 22 × 7/2 × 22
= 3.5 cm => r = 3.5cm
∴ Volume of the cylinder = πr2h ∴ Volume of the cylinder = πr2h
= 22/7 × 3.5 × 3.5 × h = 22/7 × 3.5 × 3.5 × 12
According to the question, = 462 cm3
22/7 × 3.5 × 3.5 × h = 462 Now, circumference of base of cylinder = 12 cm
=> h = 462 × 7/22 × 3.5 × 3.5 ∴ 2πr = 12
= 12 => r = 12 × 7/2 × 22
∴ Thus the height of the cylinder 12 cm. = 42/22
Question no – (5) = 1.909 cm
Solution : and the volume of the cylinder = πr2h
Diameter of the cylinder milk tank = 3.5m = 22/7 × (1.909)2 × 12
∴ Radius of the cylinder milk tank Question no – (9)
= 3.5/2 m Solution :
= 1.75 m Here,
∴ Height (h) = 7m Side of the cube = 3.08 m
∴ Volume of the cylinder milk tank = 308 cm
= π × (1.75)2 × 7 m3 = 308000km
= 22/7 × (1.75)2 × 7 m3 ∴ Radius of the wire = 1.4cm
= 67.375m3 Let, the height of the wire = h
= 67375 liter Now,
Question no – (6) πr2h = 308000
Solution : => h = 308000/π.r2
Here, diameter of the road roller = 1.26m => 308000/3.14 × (1.4)2 (π = 3.14)
∴ Height of the cylinder (h) = 1 m = 50045 cm
∴ Area leveled by road roller in one revolution = 2πrh = 5km
= 2 × 22/7 × 1.26/100 × 1 Question no – (10)
= 36 × 22/100 = 792/100 Solution :
= 7.92 Let, the radius of the cylinder = r and height of the
∴ Area leveled in 500 complete revolution cylinder = h
= 7.92 × 500 ∴ Curved surface area = 2πrh
= 3960 ∴ Total surface area = 2πr (h + r)
Question no – (7) Now, according to the question,
Solution : 2πrh/2πr(h + r) = 3/5
Here, radius of the cylinder (r) = 35/2 cm => h/h + r = 3/5
= 17.5 cm => 5h = 3h + 3r
= 0.175 m => 5h – 3h = 3r
∴ Height of the cylinder (h) = 3m => 2h = 3r
∴ Surface area of the cylinder lamp => h/r = 3/2
= 2πrh ∴ Ratio of the height to the radius of the cylinder = 3 : 2
= 2 × 22/7 × 0.175 × 3 Question no – (11)
= 3.3 m2 Solution :
∴ Surface area of 1000 lamp Let, the radius of the cylinder 2x and 3x and height of the
= 3.3 × 1000 m2 cylinder 9h and 4h
= 3300 m2 ∴ Volume of the first cylinder (v1) = πr2h
= π × (2x)2 × 9h => R : r = 10:1
∴ Volume of the second cylinder (v2) = π(3x)2 × 4h ∴ Circumference of the circle =2πR : 2πr
∴ v1/v2 = π × 4x × 9h/ π × 9x2 × 4h = 10 : 1
∴ v1/v2 = 1/1 Question no – (13)
∴ Ratio of their volume 1 : 1 Solution :
Question no – (12) Total cost of paving = 4435.20 Rs
Solution : Rate of paving = 20 Rs
Here, the length of the pipe (h) = 35m ∴ Area of the room
∴ Outer radius of the pipe (R) = 16/2 = 8cm = 4435.20/20
∴ Inner radius of pipe (r) = 14/2 = 7cm = 221.76
∴ Volume of the metal = πh (R2 – r2) cm3 Let, r be the radius of the circle room
= 22/7 × 35 × (64 – 49)cm3 ∴ πr² = 221.76
= 22 × 5 × 15 cm3 => r² = 221.76/π
= 1650 cm3 => r² = 221.76/22 × 7
= 0.165 m3 => r² = 70.56
∴ Volume of the metal 0.165 m3 => r = 8.4
Question no – (13) ∴ Now circumference of the room = 2πr
Solution : = 2 × π × 8.4
Depth of well = 12 m = 2 × 22/7 × 8.4
Radius = 7 m = 52.8 cm
Volume of earth dug out = πr2h ∴ Cost of fencing
= 22/7 × 7 × 7 × 12 = (52.8 × 5) Rs
= 1848 m3 = 264 Rs
Let, height of the embankment = h m
wide = 7 m Joy of Mathematics Class 8 Solutions Chapter 21
=> r = 28 Surface Area and Volume of Solids
∴ Thus the radius of the circle = 28 cm Exercise 21.1 Solution
∴ Circumference of the circle Question no – (1)
= 2 × π × 28 cm Solution :
= 2 × 22/7 × 28 cm Here, l = long = 6 dm
= 8 × 22 cm B = wide = 3.4 dm
= 176 cm H = high = 3 dm
Question no – (10) ∴ Surface area of card board = 2(lb + bh + hl) dm²
Solution : = 2 (6 × 3.4 + 3.4 × 3 × 6)
Here, Diameter of the wheel (D) = 77 cm = 2 (20.4 + 10.2 + 18)
∴ Circumference of the wheel = πD cm = 2 (48.6)
= π × 77 = 97.2 dm²
= 22/7 × 77 = 97.2 × 100
= 242 cm = 9720 cm²
∴ Length of the journey = 121 × 1000 × 100 cm ∴ Surface area of card board in dm units 9.72 dm and in
∴ Number of revolution will it make to travel cm unit’s 5720 cm²
= 121 × 1000 × 100 / 242 Let, the x card board used
= 50000 Now, x × 5/6 = 9720
Thus, the required revolution 50000 => 5x = 58320
Question no – (12) => x = 11664
Solution : ∴ 11664 cm² card board is used .
Let, the radius of one circle is r and the radius of another Question no – (2)
circle is R Solution :
∴ Area of another circle = πR² 1st packages = 42 dm × 10 dm × 9 m
∴ Area of one circle = = πr² Surface area of 1st packages
Now, according to the question, = 2 (42 × 15 + 15 × 9 × 9 × 42) dm²
πR² = 100 × πr² = 2 × 1143 dm²
=> R² / r² = 100/1 = 2286 dm²
= R / r = √100/1 2nd packages = 18 dm × 15 dm × 21 dm
=> R/r = 10/1 ∴ Surface area of 2nd packages
= 2 (18 × 15 + 15 × 18 + 21 × 18) dm² Question no – (6)
= 2 × 963 dm² Solution :
= 1926 dm² Let, the height of the room = x m
∴ 2nd packages make less quantity. Length (l) = 4.2 m
∴ 2nd packages make less quantity by, Breadth (b) = 3 m
= (2286 – 1926) dm² ∴ Now, area of the room
= 360 dm² = 2h (l + b) m²
Question no – (3) = 2x (4.2 + 3) m²
Solution : According to the question,
Here, long (i) = 1.8 m = 180 cm 2x (7.2) = 51.2
Wide (w) = 1.5 m = 150 cm => x = 51.2/2 × 7.2
High (h) = 1.2 m = 120 cm = 512/144
∴ Volume of the wooden card = 3.56
= (180 × 150 × 120 cm³ So, the height of the room = 3.56 m
= 3240000 cm³ Question no – (7)
And the volume of the cube which wide is 6 cm Solution :
= (6)³ The flat roof dimensions = 4 × 6 m
= 216 Rainfall height = 4.2 cm = 0.042 m
∴ Number of iron cubes that can be fitted in the wooden Volume of the rain water collected at roof
create = 4 × 6 × 0.042 m³
= 3240000/216 Let, the depth of the water tank be = x m
= 15000 4 × 6 × 0.042 = 3.2 × 1.5 × x
Question no – (4) => x = 4 × 6 × 0.042/3.2 × 1.5
Solution : => 1008/4800
Here, long (i) = 5.6 m = 0.21 m
Wide (b) = 4.3 m = 210 mm
High (h) = 4 m So, the depth of the tank = 210 mm
∴ Area of the wall = 2h (l + b) cm² Question no – (8)
= 2 × 4 × (5.6 + 4.3) Solution :
= 8 × 9.9 Here, volume of the lamp = 136 cm³
= 79.2 cm² Volume of the cube which side is 2 cm
∴ the cost price of painting the wall at 65/- per sq. meter = (2 × 2 × 2) cm²
= 79.2 × 65 ∴ Number of cube = volume of lamp/volume of cube
= 5148 Rs = 136/2 × 2 × 2
Question no – (5) = 17
Solution : ∴ Weight of one cube
Here, length (l) = 8 m = 207/17
Wide (b) = 6 m = 12.17 g
High (h0 = 4 m Question no – (9)
∴ Area of the room Solution :
= 2h (l + b) m² Let , the length of the square based cube = a and breadth
= 2 × 4 (8 + 6) m² of the square based cube = a (since the cuboid has a square
= 8 × 14 m² base )
= 112 m² ∴ Height (h) = 10 cm
∴ Area of two windows ∴ Side of the cube = 8 cm
= 1.2 × 1 × 2 ∴ Now, volume of the cube = 8 × 8 × 8 cm³
= 3 m² Volume of 5 cube = 5 × 8 × 8 × 8 cm³
And, area of two doors Now, according to the question,
= 2.2 × 1.2 × 2 5 × 8 × 8 × 8 = a × a × 10
= 5.28 m² => a² = 5 × 8 × 8 × 8/10
Now, cost of white washing the walls at 3 /- per sq. meter => a = √4 × 8 × 8
= (112 × 3) – (3 × 3 + 5.28 × 3) => √266
= 336 – (9 + 15.84) => a = 16
= 336 – 24.84 ∴ side of the square based of the cuboid 16 cm
= 311.16 Rs Question no – (10)
Solution : ∴ Surface area of cuboid = 2 (lb + bh + lh)
Here, the dimensions = 19 m × 16 m × 10 m = 2 (30 × 15 + 15 × 15 + 15 × 15)
∴ Volume of the outer dimension wood = 2 × 1125 cm²
= (13 × 16 × 10) m² = 2250 cm²
= 2080 m² ∴ Volume of the cuboid = l × b × h
∴ Thickness = 30 × 15 × 15
= 50 cm = 30 × 225
= 0.5 m = 6750 cm³
∴ Volume of the inner wood, So, the surface area of the cuboid 2250 cm² and volume of
= (13 – 2 × 0.5) × (16 – 2 × 0.5) × (10 – 2 × 0.5) m² the cuboid = 6750 cm³
= 1620 m² Question no – (14)
∴ Volume of the wood Solution :
= (2080-1620) m² Dimension of cuboid = 36 cm × 75 cm × 80 cm
= 460 m² ∴ Volume of the cuboid = 36 × 75 × 80 cm³
Question no – (11) Let, the sides of the cube be x
Solution : ∴ Volume of the cube = x³cm³
Here, the dimension of cuboid = 63 cm × 35 cm × 21 cm According of the question,
∴ Volume of cuboid, x³ = 36 × 75 × 80
= (63 × 35 × 21) cm³ => x³ = 21600
= 46,305 cm³ => x = 60
∴ Cube of length 7 cm and its volume ∴ The surface area of the cube
= 7 × 7 × 7 cm³ = 6 (60)²
= 343 cm³ = 6 × 360 cm²
∴ Number of cube, = 2160 cm²
= 46,305/343 Question no (15)
= 135 Solution :
So, the number of cube 135 Let, the length, breadth and height of the cuboid are 1 cm,
Question no – (12) b cm and h cm.
Solution : ∴ then area of the adjacent rectangular faces are lb, bh, hl,
Here, shape of dimension = 80 cm × 50 cm cm²
∴ Area of the sheet Now, lb = 80 → (1)
= (80 × 50) cm bh = 48 → (2)
= 4000 cm² hl = 60 → (3)
Now, new length = 80 – 10 – 10 Multiplying (1), (2) and (3) we get,
= 60 cm lb × bh × hl = 230400
And new breadth = 50 – 10 – 10 => (lbh)² = 230400
= 50 – 20 => lbh = √230400
= 30 => 480
∴ New area of sheet = 60 × 30 cm² ∴ Area of the cuboid,
= 1800 cm² = 480/80, 480/48, 480/60,
∴ Surface area of the cuboid = 6, 10, 8 cm
= 2h (l + b) Surface Area and Volume of Solids Exercise 21.2
According to the question, Solution :
2 h (l + b) = 1800 Question no – (1)
=> 2h (60 + 30) = 1800 Solution :
=>2h = 1800/90 Here, radius of the cylinder = (r) = 70cm
=> h = 10 ∴ Height of the cylinder (h)
Now, volume of the cuboid = l × b × h =7m
= 60 × 30 × 10 = 700 cm
= 18000 cm³ (a) Curved surface area of the cylinder = 2πrh
Question no –(13) = 2 × 22/7 × 70 × 700 (∵ π = 22/7)
Solution : = 44 × 7000)
Here, length of cuboid (i) = 15 + 15 = 30 cm = 308000 cm2
Breadth (l) = 15 cm (b) Total surface area of the cylinder
Height (h) = 15 cm = 2πr (h + r)
= 2 × 22/7 × 70 (700 + 70) ∴ Volume of the cylinder = πr2h
= 2 × 22/7 × 70 × 770 = 22/7 × 10.5 × 10.5 × 24.5
= 44 × 770 = 8489.25 cm3
= 311080 cm2 Question no – (4)
(c) Volume of the cylinder = πr2h Solution :
= 22/7 × 70 × 70 × 700 Let, the height of the cylinder = h
= 220 × 4900 ∴ diameter f the cylinder = 7 cm
= 1078000 cm2 ∴ Radius of the cylinder
Question no – (2) = 7/2 cm
Solution : = 3.5 cm
Let, the radius of the right circular cylinder = r ∴ Volume of the cylinder = πr2h
∴ Height of the cylinder (h) = 20cm = 22/7 × 3.5 × 3.5 × h
Now, volume of the cylinder = πr2h According to the question,
According to the question, 22/7 × 3.5 × 3.5 × h = 462
πr2h = 770 => h = 462 × 7/22 × 3.5 × 3.5
=> r2 = 770/πh = 12
= 770 × 7/22 × 20 ∴ Thus the height of the cylinder 12 cm.
=> r = √7 × 11 × 7/2 × 11 × 2 Question no – (5)
=> r = 7/2 Solution :
= 3.5 Diameter of the cylinder milk tank = 3.5m
∴ Radius of the cylinder = 3.5 cm ∴ Radius of the cylinder milk tank
∴ Curved surface area = 2πrh = 3.5/2 m
= 2 × 22/7 × 35/10 × 20 = 1.75 m
= 440 cm2 ∴ Height (h) = 7m
Question no – (3) ∴ Volume of the cylinder milk tank
Solution : = π × (1.75)2 × 7 m3
(a) Let, the radius of the base = r = 22/7 × (1.75)2 × 7 m3
∴ Circumference of the base = 2πr = 67.375m3
∴ 2πr = 88 = 67375 liter
=> r = 88/2π Question no – (6)
= 88 × 7/2 × 22 (∵ π = 22/7) Solution :
= 14 Here, diameter of the road roller = 1.26m
∴ Radius (r) = 14 cm ∴ Height of the cylinder (h) = 1 m
Height (h) = 26 cm ∴ Area leveled by road roller in one revolution = 2πrh
Now, = 2 × 22/7 × 1.26/100 × 1
Total surface area of the cylinder = 2πr = (h + r) = 36 × 22/100 = 792/100
= 2 × 22/7 × 14 (26 + 14) = 7.92
= 2 × 22/7 × 14 × 40 ∴ Area leveled in 500 complete revolution
= 3520 cm2 = 7.92 × 500
Volume of the cylinder = πr2h = 3960
= 22/7 × 14 × 14 × 26 Question no – (7)
= 16016 cm3 Solution :
(b) Let, the radius of the base = r cm Here, radius of the cylinder (r) = 35/2 cm
∴ Area of the base = πr2 cm2 = 17.5 cm
∴ πr2 = 346.5 = 0.175 m
=> r2 = 346.5 × 7/22 (∵ π = 22/7) ∴ Height of the cylinder (h) = 3m
=> r2 = 110.25 ∴ Surface area of the cylinder lamp
=> r = 10.5 = 2πrh
∴ radius (r) = 10.5 cm = 2 × 22/7 × 0.175 × 3
height (h) = 24.5 cm = 3.3 m2
∴ Total surface area of the cylinder ∴ Surface area of 1000 lamp
= 2πr (h + r) = 3.3 × 1000 m2
= 2 × 22/7 × 10.5 (24.5 + 10.5) = 3300 m2
= 2 × 22/7 × 105/10 × 35 ∴ The total cost price of painting
= 2310 cm2 = 15 × 3300m2
= 49500m2 ∴ v1/v2 = π × 4x × 9h/ π × 9x2 × 4h
Question no – (8) ∴ v1/v2 = 1/1
Solution : ∴ Ratio of their volume 1 : 1
Here, length (l) = 22cm Question no – (12)
Wide (b) = 12cm Solution :
Height of the cylinder (h) = 12cm Here, the length of the pipe (h) = 35m
∴ Circumference of base of cylinder = 22 ∴ Outer radius of the pipe (R) = 16/2 = 8cm
∴ 2πr = 22 ∴ Inner radius of pipe (r) = 14/2 = 7cm
=> r = 22 × 7/2 × 22 ∴ Volume of the metal = πh (R2 – r2) cm3
=> r = 3.5cm = 22/7 × 35 × (64 – 49)cm3
∴ Volume of the cylinder = πr2h = 22 × 5 × 15 cm3
= 22/7 × 3.5 × 3.5 × 12 = 1650 cm3
= 462 cm3 = 0.165 m3
Now, circumference of base of cylinder = 12 cm ∴ Volume of the metal 0.165 m3
∴ 2πr = 12 Question no – (13)
=> r = 12 × 7/2 × 22 Solution :
= 42/22 Depth of well = 12 m
= 1.909 cm Radius = 7 m
and the volume of the cylinder = πr2h Volume of earth dug out = πr2h
= 22/7 × (1.909)2 × 12 = 22/7 × 7 × 7 × 12
Question no – (9) = 1848 m3
Solution : Let, height of the embankment = h m
Here, wide = 7 m
Side of the cube = 3.08 m
= 308 cm Joy of Mathematics Class 8 Solutions
= 308000km Chapter 23 Probability
∴ Radius of the wire = 1.4cm Exercise 23 Solution :
Let, the height of the wire = h Question no – (1)
Now, Solution :
πr2h = 308000 When two coins are tossed, the possible outcomes are HH,
=> h = 308000/π.r2 HT, TH, TT
=> 308000/3.14 × (1.4)2 (π = 3.14) ∴ Here total number of outcomes = 4
= 50045 cm (a) Probability of getting two heads = 1/4
= 5km (b) Probability of getting one tail and one head
Question no – (10) = 2/4
Solution : = 1/2
Let, the radius of the cylinder = r and height of the (c) Probability of getting two tail = 1/4
cylinder = h (d) Probability of getting at least one tail = 3/4
∴ Curved surface area = 2πrh Question no – (2)
∴ Total surface area = 2πr (h + r) Solution :
Now, according to the question, When, three coins are tossed, the possible outcomes are
2πrh/2πr(h + r) = 3/5 HHH, HHT, HTH, THH, HTT, THT, TTH, TTT
=> h/h + r = 3/5 ∴ Total outcome = 8
=> 5h = 3h + 3r (a) Probability of getting three tails = 1/8
=> 5h – 3h = 3r (b) Probability of getting no tail = 1/8
=> 2h = 3r (c) Probability of getting at least one tail = 7/8
=> h/r = 3/2 (d) Probability of getting two heads = 3/8
∴ Ratio of the height to the radius of the cylinder = 3 : 2 Question no – (3)
Question no – (11) Solution :
Solution : When a die is rolled, all possible outcomes are 1, 2, 3, 4,
Let, the radius of the cylinder 2x and 3x and height of the 5, 6
cylinder 9h and 4h ∴ Total number of outcomes = 6
∴ Volume of the first cylinder (v1) = πr2h (a) Favorable outcome (odd number) = 1, 3, 5
= π × (2x)2 × 9h ∴ P (an odd number) = 3/6 = 1/2
∴ Volume of the second cylinder (v2) = π(3x)2 × 4h (b) Favorable outcome (number greater than 3)
= 4, 5, 6 = 2/6
∴ P (a number greater than) = B/6 = 1/2 = 1/3
(c) Favorable outcome (number less than 3) (c) Probability green colored sector
= 1, 2 = 1/6
∴ P (a number less than) (d) Probability of red or blue colored sector
= 2/6 = 1/3 + 1/3
= 1/3 = 1 + 1/3
(d) Favorable outcome (a number greater than 6) = 0 = 2/3
∴ P (a number greater than) = 0/6 = 0 Question no – (6)
Question no – (4) Solution :
Solution : Here, the outcome = 8
When two dice are rolled together the sample space is, Number of letter A = 2
(1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 5), (1, 6) Number of letter B = 1
(2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6) Number of letter C = 2
(3, 1), (3, 2), (3, 3), (3, 4), (3, 5), (3, 6) Number of letter D = 2
(4, 1), (4, 2), (4, 3), (4, 4), (4, 5), (4, 6) Number of letter E = 1
(5, 1), (5, 2), (5, 3), (5, 4), (5, 5), (5, 6) (a) Probability of A = 2/8 = 1/4
(6, 1), (6, 2), (6, 3), (6, 4), (6, 5), (6, 6) (b) Probability of D = 2/8 = 1/4
∴ Total number of outcomes = 36 (c) Probability of E = 1/8
(a) Probability of two number on the top of dice as less (d) Probability of B = 1/8
than 5 Question no – (7)
= 6/36 Solution :
= 1/6 In a box, there are 15 cards.
(b) Probability of two number on the top of dice as less The cards are = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14,
than 2 15
= 0/36 (a) Favorable outcomes (even number) = 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12
=0 ∴ P (an even number)
(c) Probability of two number on the top of dice as greater = 6/15
than 12 = 2/5
= 0/36 (b) Favorable outcomes (odd number) = 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11,
=0 13, 15
(d) Probability of two numbers on the top of dice as 12 ∴ P (an odd number) = 8/15
= 1/36 (c) Favorable outcomes (factor of 15) = 1, 3, 5, 15
Question no – (5) P (factor of 15) = 4/15
Solution : (d) Favorable outcomes (composite number) = 4, 6, 8, 9,
10, 15
∴ P (composite number)
= 6/15
= 2/5
Question no – (8)
Solution :
Here, 15 beads in a necklace with 3 green, 4 red, 2 black
and 6 white
∴ Number of outcomes = 15
(a) Probability of a green bead = 3/15 = 1/5
(b) Probability of a red bead = 4/15
Here, total number of outcome = 6 (c) Probability of a black bead = 2/15
Number of red sector = 2 (d) Probability of a green or red bead
Number of black sector = 1 = 3/15 + 4/15
Number of blue sector = 2 = 3 +4/15
Number of green sector= 1 = 7/15
(a) Probability of red color sector Question no – (9)
= 2/6 Solution :
= 1/3 A bag contains 5 red, 10 black, 15 green balls.
(b) Probability of blue colored sector ∴ Here, the total number of balls
= 5 + 10 + 15 = 20 + 19/100
= 30 = 39/100
(a) Number of a red ball = 5
∴ Probability of a red ball (P)
= 5/30
= 1/6
(b) Number of a black ball = 10
∴ Probability of a black ball (P)
= 10/30
= 1/3
(c) Number of not a black ball
= 5 + 15
= 20
∴ Probability of not a black ball (P)
= 20/30
= 2/3
(d) Number of not a green ball
= 5 + 10
= 15
∴ Probability of not a green ball (P)
= 15/30
= 1/2
Question no – (10)
Solution :
Outcomes 1 2 3 4 5 6
Frequency 15 17 16 20 13 19
Here, total number of outcomes = 100
(a) Favorable outcomes (odd number) = 15, 16, 13
∴ Probability (an odd number)
= 15 + 16 + 13/100
= 44/100
= 22/50
= 11/25
(b) Favorable outcomes (even number) = 17, 20, 19
∴ Probability (an even number)
= 17 + 20 + 19/100
= 56/100
= 28/50
= 14/25
(c) Favorable outcomes (Prime number) = 17, 16, 13
∴ Probability (a prime number)
= 17 + 16 + 13/100
= 46/100
= 23/50
(d) Favorable outcomes (number less than 7)
= 15, 17, 16, 20, 13, 19
∴ Probability (a number less than 7))
= 15 + 17 + 16 + 20 + 13 + 19/100
= 100/100
=1
(e) Favorable outcomes (more than 6) = 0
∴ Probability (a number more than 6) = 0/100 = 0
(f) Favorable outcomes (composite number) = 20, 19
∴ Probability (a composite number)