Date: 06/03/2022 Time: 2hr.

30 Minutes

Number of Questions: 3 Max Marks: 51

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Answers & Solutions

for
IOQM – 2021-22
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
1. Calculators (in any form) and protractors are not allowed.

2. Rulers and compasses are allowed.

3. All questions carry equal marks. Maximum marks: 51.

4. No marks will be awarded for stating an answer without justification.

5. Answer all the questions.

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 IOQM-2021-22

Part - B
1. Let D be an interior point on the side BC of an 2. Find all natural numbers n for which there exists
acute-angled triangle ABC. Let the circumcircle of a permutation  of 1, 2, …, n such that
triangle ADB intersect AC again at E( A) and the n
  ( i )( –2)
i –1
circumcircle of triangle ADC intersect AB again at =0
F( A). Let AD, BE and CF intersect the i =1
circumcircle of triangle ABC again at D1( A), Note : A permutation of 1, 2…, n is a bijective
E1( B) and F1( C), respectively. Let I and I1 be function from {1, 2, …, n) to itself.
the incentres of triangles DEF and D1E1F1, Sol. Claim : If n = k satisfies the condition
respectively. Prove that E, F, I, I1 are concyclic. n

Sol.  (i )  (−2)i −1 = 0 , then n = k + 3 also satisfies

i =1
this condition.
Proof : Let (i) be a required permutation such
n
that  (i )  (−2)i −1 = 0 for n = k, then let a
i =1

permutation (i) for n = k + 3 such that (1) = 2,

(2) = 3, (k + 3) = 1 and (i + 2) = (i) + 3  1
 i  k.
k+3
Then  (i )  ( −2)i −1
i =1

k+ 2
= 2 − 23 +  (i )  (−2)i −1 + 1 ( −2)k + 2
i =3

k
Refer to Diagram = − 4 +  (i + 2)( −2)i +1 + ( −2)k + 2
i =1
ADF = ACF = (say)
k
and ADE = ABE = (say) = ( −2)k + 2 − 4 + 4  ( −2)i −1((i ) + 3)
So FDE =  +  i =1

 +  k k 
Hence FIE = 90° +   …(i) = ( −2)k + 2 − 4 + 4  (i )( −2)i −1 + 3 ( −2)i −1 
 2   i =1 i =1 
{because I is incentre of DEF}  3(1 − ( −2)k ) 
= ( −2)k + 2 − 4 + 4 0 + 
Similarly F1D1E1 = AD1F1 + AD1E1  3 
=+
=0
 + 
Hence F1I1E1 = 90° +   …(ii) Clearly, n = 2 and n = 3 satisfy the given condition.
 2  For n = 2,
Now, BE1D1 = BAD1 = FAD = FCD = F1CB (1) = 2 and (2) = 1
= F1E1B For n = 3,
So EE1 is angle bisector of E1 in D1E1F1 (1) = 2, (2) = 3 and (3) = 1
Similarly FF1 is also angle bisector of F1 in n
D1E1F1. Also,  (i )(−2)i −1 = 0 and (−2)i −1  1 (mod 3)
i =1
 + 
So from (ii), FI1 E = 90° +   …(iii) n
n (n + 1)
 2  So,  (i )  0 (mod 3) 
2
 0 (mod 3)
i =1
Using (i) and (iii), we can conclude that E, F, I and
I1 are concyclic. Clearly, n  1 (mod 3)

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 IOQM-2021-22

( )
2n – r
( )
n
Hence, whenever n is 3 or 3 + 2 type positive
T 2n – 1 =  2r –2
C2r –1 –1 (because T(1) = 1)
integer the given condition is satisfied (where r =2
  N).
Index of 2 in
3. For a positive integer N, let T(N) denote the
number of arrangements of the integers 1, 2, …, 2r –2
C2r –1 –1 = ( 2 – 1) + (2 – 1) + ... + (2 – 1)
r –1 r –2 1

N into a sequence a1, a2,…,aN such that ai > a2i

for all i, 1  i < 2i  N and ai > a2i + 1, for all i, 1  i –2( 2 – 1) + ( 2 – 1) + ... + ( 2 – 1)
r –2 r –3 1

< 2i + 1  N. For example, T(3) is 2, since the

possible arrangements are 321 and 312. =r–1

(a) Find T(7) So index of 2 in

( ) ( )
n
(b) If K is the largest non-negative integer so that
T 2n – 1 =  2n – r Index of 2 in 2r – 2
C2r –1 –1
2K divides T(2n –1), show that K = 2n – n – 1. r =2

(c) Find the largest non-negative integer K so n

that 2K divides T(2n + 1) =  ( r – 1)  2n – r
r =2
Sol.
= 2n – n – 1
( ) ( ( ))
2
2n –2
(a) T 2 – 1 =n
C2n–1 –1 T 2 n –1
–1
(c) (
T 2n + 1 = ) 2n
( ) (
C2n –1 –1  T 2n –1 + 1  T 2n –1 – 1  n  1 )
Because a1 (which has value has a fixed 2n–1)
position and other ai’s can be divided into two Similarly
equal groups which can be arranged in
T (2n–1 – 1) ways each.
(
T 2n –1 + 1 = ) 2n –1
(
C2n –2 –1  T 2n – 2 + 1  T 2n – 2 – 1 ) ( )
(
Hence, T 23 – 1 = 6C3 T 22 – 1 ) ( ( ))
2
(
T 2n – 2 + 1 = ) 2n –2
(
C2n–3 –1  T 2n –3 + 1  T 2n –3 – 1 ) ( )
 T(7) = 20(2)2 = 80 ………………………………………………

( ) ( ( ))
………………………………………………
2
2n –2
(b) T 2n – 1 = C2n–1 –1 T 2n –1 – 1

Similarly
(
T 22 + 1 = ) 22
(
C21 –1  T 21 + 1  T 21 – 1 ) ( )
( ( ))
____________________________________
( )
2
2n –1 –2
T 2n –1 – 1 = C2n–2 –1 T 2n –2 – 1
By multiplying all equations, we get

( ) ( ( ))
2
 n r   n –1
)   T (3 )
n –2
T 2n –2 – 1 =
( ) (
2 –2
C2n–3 –1 T 2n –3 – 1 T 2n + 1 =   2 C2r –1 –1    T 2r – 1
 r =2   r =1 
………………………………………………
2r
……………………………………………… Index of 2 in C2r –1 –1 is r, then

( ) ( ( )) n –1
2

( )
22 –2 n
T 22 – 1 = C21 –1 T 21 – 1 Index of 2 in T ( 2n + 1) =  r +  2r – r – 1 + 1
r =2 r =1
____________________________________
Eliminating intermediate terms, we get = 2n  n  2

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