Istanbul Technical University

Department of Geomatics Engineering

FUNDAMENTAL OF PROGRAMMING
TERM PROJECT

DEADLINE: 17.05.2024

BRIEFING
▪ The assignment contains two main parts. Each of these requires an understanding of
basic surveying problems.

▪ The necessary theoretical background of each part is given throughout this document.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
1. Link traverse Computation .................................................................................................2
2. Electronic Tacheometry Computation................................................................................5
3. Python Input/Output Examples...........................................................................................7
 Istanbul Technical University
Department of Geomatics Engineering

PLEASE NOTE THAT

▪ The term project should be submitted as a compressed file (*.zip) which contains python
script written in python (*.py) file(/s). Any other format uploaded to the NINOVA
system (such as *.doc, *.docx, *.png, *.jpg) will be graded as 0(zero).

▪ The script files must be named as "StudentID.py" (for example, "01010000.py"). In case
there are more than one questions, python script name must include question number
(for example, "01010000_1.py", "01010000_2.py").

▪ All python script file(/s) must be compressed as "StudentID.zip" (for example,

"01010000.zip" or "01010000.rar".)

▪ This homework is an individual work that means you should not work as groups. Any
copied code even as a small portion or similarities as examples of plagiarism will cause
your homework graded as 0(zero).

▪ You can USE any code examples given in the presentations or uploaded by yourself
during the laboratory hours in your homework freely, however you SHOULD cite these
quotation parts clearly in your code with the code example number, week number,
and/or slide numbers in the presentations.

▪ In the homework you should add “_” and the four three digits of your student ID to all
variable names. For example, if your student ID is 015163628 then a program like
a = int (input("Enter a number: "))
b = int (input("Enter a second number: "))
print ('The sum of ', a, ' and ', a, ' is ', a+b )
should be written like
a_3628 = int (input("Enter a number: "))
b_3628 = int (input("Enter a second number: "))
print ('The sum of ', a_3628, ' and ', b_3628, ' is ', a_3628+b_3628 )
Otherwise your program will be graded as 0 and if the variable names are of someone else’s
then course grade will be graded as (VF).
 Istanbul Technical University
Department of Geomatics Engineering

1. LINK TRAVERSE COMPUTATION

• Write a program to calculate coordinates of stations that are established as a Link

traverse.

• The input values (known coordinates, traverse angles, length of traverse sides, traverse
point IDs) for the program should be entered by the user manually.

• The results of the calculations should be printed to the screen using proper notation as
given in the examples.

• Every component of the calculation should be clearly explained to the user before and
after the calculation.
1.1 Theory
Link traverse does create a linked shape and begins at a point of known position and ends at a
point of known position. In computational check, it is possible to detect errors or blunders in
distance and directions.
To calculate the coordinates for each point on a traverse, the direction and distance from a
known point must also be known.
Once the distance and direction values are known, the latitude (ΔX) and departure (ΔY) can be
calculated. These values will indicate the distances north or south and east or west between the
two points.
The coordinates of the unknown point can then be determined by algebraically adding the
latitude to the northing of the known point and the departure to the easting of the known point.
 Istanbul Technical University
Department of Geomatics Engineering
 Istanbul Technical University
Department of Geomatics Engineering

2. ELECTRONIC TACHEOMETRY COMPUTATION

• Write a program to calculate an electronic tacheometry computation.

• The input values (coordinates and heights of station and target traverse points, measured
horizontal and vertical angles for detail points, instrument and reflector heights, point
IDs) for the program should be entered by the user manually.

• The results of the calculations should be printed to the screen using proper notation as
given in the examples.

• Every component of the calculation should be clearly explained to the user before and
after the calculation.
2.1 Theory
Tacheometry is a method that is used to determine the location of topographic details. This
method determines the polar coordinates of detail points via horizontal angle and horizontal
distance from stations and their elevation via slope distance and vertical angle. Electronic
tacheometric observations can be carried out by using a total station and reflector.
The steps of tacheometry measurement are as follow:
1. The instrument (i.e total station) is set on the station point C2002 and leveled. The height
of the instrument (hi) is measured.

2. The horizontal zero direction of the instrument in traverse point C2002 (denoted as
0g.0000) must be fixed to the previous traverse station C2001.

3. The reflector is located on the detail point to be measured. The height of the reflector
(hr) is measured.

4. Vertical angle is measured either as zenith or nadir, depending on the instrument. In

calculations, the geometric relations are formulated based on the zenith angle (Z).

5. Finally, the slope distance is measured between traverse point C2002 and detail point.
 Istanbul Technical University
Department of Geomatics Engineering

Example: A total station has been setup at point C2002 and referenced to point C2001 to carry
out an electronic tacheometry process for a detail survey. By using the coordinates and heights
of the point C2001 and C2002 and given measurements, calculate the coordinates and height
of detail point.
Point ID Y (m) X (m) Height (m)
C2001 417545.886 4552506.610 100.000
C2002 417740.231 4552274.937 110.000

Horizontal
Vertical Angle Slope Distance
Station ID Target ID Direction
(grad) (m)
(grad)
C2002 C2001 0.0000
sidewalk_1 168.8943 107.3064 18.139
hi=1.80 m b_corner_1 201.8482 105.6281 158.366
hr=1.50 m lamp_1 116.2822 104.3343 33.226
Solution: To find the elevation of detail point, the height difference between the station traverse
point and the detail point must be calculated via trigonometric leveling method. In this method,
the height difference ∆H is calculated as,
∆H = S ′ ∗ cos(Z) + hr − hi
So, for the first detail point (sidewalk_1);
∆H = 18.139 ∗ cos(107g . 3064) + 1.50 − 1.80 = −2.377m
The elevation of the point Hsidewalk1 can be found as;

Hsidewalk1 = HC2002 + ∆H = 110.000 + (−2.377) = 107.623m

Horizontal distance between traverse station and detail point can be calculated using slope
distance and zenith angle.
S = S ′ ∗ sin⁡(Z)
For the detail point (sidewalk_1) the horizontal distance is calculated as;
′
SC2002−sidewalk1 = SC2002−sidewalk 1
∗ sin(107g . 3064) = 18.020m
 Istanbul Technical University
Department of Geomatics Engineering

To calculate the coordinate of the detail point, one must find the azimuth angle from traverse
sidewalk
station to the detail point (i.e., t C2002 1 ). t C2001
C2002 can be calculated since their coordinates are
sidewalk1
already known. To find azimuth t C2002 ;

K = t C2001
C2002 + β1
sidewalk1
If⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡K < 200g → t C2002 = K + 200g
[ If⁡200g < K < 600g → t sidewalk
C2002
1
= K − 200g ] Conditions⁡of⁡next⁡azimuth⁡angle
sidewalk1
If⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡K > 600g → ⁡⁡t C2002 = K − 600g

Now, we have everything we need to calculate the coordinates of detail point (sidewalk_1).

sidewalk1
X sidewalk1 = X C2002 + SC2002−sidewalk1 ∗ cos⁡(t C2002 )
sidewalk1
Ysidewalk1 = YC2002 + SC2002−sidewalk1 ∗ sin⁡(t C2002 )

X sidewalk1 = 4552274.937 + 18.020 ∗ cos⁡(324g . 4582)

X sidewalk1 = 4552281.691m

Ysidewalk1 = 417740.231 + 18.020 ∗ sin(324g . 4582)

Ysidewalk1 = 417723.525m
 Istanbul Technical University
Department of Geomatics Engineering

3. PYTHON INPUT-OUTPUT EXAMPLES

3.1 Link Traverse Calculation:
 Istanbul Technical University
Department of Geomatics Engineering

3.2 Electronic Tacheometry Calculation:

 Istanbul Technical University
Department of Geomatics Engineering

Unsatisfactory Good Excellent Total

*Program does
Program Program executes correctly with
not execute 15pt (max)
execution no syntax or runtime errors (15pt)
(0pt)
Output has Program
Output is minor errors displays correct
Correct output 50pt (max)
incorrect (0pt) such as format output with no
errors (30pt) errors (50pt)
Clearly and
effectively
Implemented documented,
with some and
incomplete implemented
Design (Input
Inefficient explanations with properly
design,
design and solution is defined 35pt (max)
comments,
solution (0pt) efficient but explanations.
solutions)
there are Solution is
unnecessary efficient, easy
steps (25pt) to understand,
and maintain
(35pt)
Total 0pt 70pt 100pt 100pt (max)
*If program does not execute, other evaluation criteria will not be checked and homework
will be graded as 0 (zero) point.