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TD Slide 1 2024

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36 views

TD Slide 1 2024

Uploaded by

catotheophilus18
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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ISOMETRIC PROJECTIONS

Isometric projection
It is a type of pictorial projection in which all three dimensions of an object are shown in one
view and if required, their actual sizes can be measured directly from it.
It is an axonometric projection in which the three coordinate axes appear equally and the angle
between any two of them is 120 degrees.
The isometric drawing is drawn using 100% true length measurements on the height, width,
and depth axes.
Steps for construction
1. Begin by drawing the isometric axis, three lines, one at 900 and two at 300 to the
horizontal.

30 30
2. Draw the rest of the isometric block

3. Add details to the block

Assignment 1a:
1. Draw the following object in isometric projection:

A B
Drawing Isometric Circles
Isometric circles help in drawing cylinders and circular features in isometric view.

Steps
1. Draw an Isometric Square with each side the same size as the diameter of the circle.
Draw the horizontal and vertical center lines.

2. Draw the diagonals of the square, as shown. The corners are labelled to assist in the
explanation of the drawing technique.

3. Draw a straight line with a ruler or set square from the corner C to the mid-point of AB.
4. Use the point of intersection of the line from C with the diagonal BD as the center and
draw the arc as shown with compasses.
5. Repeat using corner A and use the point of intersection of the line from A with the
diagonal BD as the center of an arc and draw as shown with compasses.

6. Use the corner A as the center of the arc and use your compasses to complete the third
corner as shown.

7. Use the corner C as the center of the arc and use your compasses to complete the last
corner as shown.
Assignment 1b:
1. Draw the isometric view of a vertical cylinder of base diameter 50 mm and axis length
90 mm.

Or
OBLIQUE PROJECTIONS
In oblique projection, the front face of the object is shown in its true size and shape. The oblique
axis, called receding axis is drawn either at 30 or 45 degree. Therefore, objects with curved
shapes and circular features can be conveniently shown in oblique projection. However, it is
only recommended for objects that are not too large and not overly complicated.

Pictorial difference between perspective, isometric and oblique:

Steps
1. Draw the front side of the object.
2. All measurements drawn backwards are half the original measurement.
3. 45 degrees is the angle for al lines drawn backwards.
Steps in drawing a cylinder in oblique:
1. Draw the circle itself. Show the center line.

2. Draw a 45-degree line to match the length on the cylinder. At the end of this line, draw
the center line.

3. Remember, the general rule for oblique is to half all distances projected backwards. If
the cylinder is 100 mm in length, the distance back must be drawn to 50 mm.
4. Draw the second circle.

5. Draw two 45-degree lines – to join the front and back circles.

The major advantage of an oblique projection is that circular features can be drawn as true
circles on its frontal plane.
Assignment 2:
1. Draw the oblique view of a vertical cylinder of base diameter 50 mm and axis length
100 mm.
2. Draw the oblique view of the block shown below:

30

15

60

10 15 10
Orthographic Projections
If the first Quadrant is used to draw the projections, then this system is called First
Angle System.

If the third quadrant is used, then this system is called the Third Angle System.

In the First Angle System, the top view(plan) is placed below while the front view is
upward and the side view is by the side of the front view.

In the Third Angle System, the top view is upward while the front view is downward
and the side view is by the side from the front view.
Characteristics of First Angle Projection:
1. Front view always comes over the top view.
2. Top view always comes under the front view.
3. Right side view always comes to the left at the front view.
4. Left side view always comes to the right of the front view.
5. The view is always in opposite direction to the observer.

Characteristics of Third Angle Projection:


1. Top view always comes over the Front view.
2. Front view always comes under the top view.
3. Right side view always comes to the right of the front view.
4. Left side view always comes to the left of the front view.
5. The view is always formed to the side of the observer.
6. The view is always in the middle of the object and the observer.

Pictorial difference between isometric (3D) and othographic projection (2D):

Views of Orthographic Projection.


Following views are formed of an object in Orthographic Projection.

1. Front View.

2. Top View.

3. Back View.

4. Bottom View.

5. Right Side View.

6. Left Side View.


Assignment 3:

1. Determine whether it is first angle or third angle projection. Reproduce the orthographic
drawing with the right dimensions.

2. In first angle orthographic projection, draw the:


a. Front view from the direction of the arrow shown,
b. End view
c. Plan
3. In third angle orthographic projection, draw the:
a. Front view from the direction of the arrow shown,
b. End view
c. Plan

Prepared by Harold Adjarko

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