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Chapter 8
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C L E B S C H - G O R D A N C O E F F I C I E N T S A N D Sjm S Y M B O L S
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8.1. DEFINITION
The Clebsch-Gordan coefficients are vector addition coefficients. They play an important role in the decompo­
sition of reducible representations of rotation group into irreducible representations. All recoupling coefficients
or Znj symbols can be determined as the sums of products of the Clebsch-Gordan coefficients. The aforesaid
explains the extensive application of these coefficients in the quantum theory of angular momentum.

8.1.1. The Clebsch-Gordan Coefficients

Let j i and J2 be two angular momenta with projections mi and m<i on the quantization axis. A Clebsch-
Gordan coefficients represents the probability amplitude that j i and j2 are coupled into a resultant angular
momentum j with projection m. In accordance with the vector addition rules j i 4-J2 = j , the Clebsch-Gordan
coefficient vanishes unless the triangular conditions (triangular inequalities) are fulfilled, i.e.,

\ji -J2I < ; < J 1 + J 2 , (!)

and the requirement

mi + rri2 = m, (2)
is satisfied. It will also be assumed that arguments of the Clebsch-Gordan coefficients satisfy the following
conditions:
( a ) JiihiJ a r e integer or half-integer non-negative numbers; 1
(b) m i , m 2 , m are integer or half-integer (positive or negative) numbers;
(c) |mi| < j u \m2\ < j 2 , \m\ < j ;
(d) ji ■+- mi, j*2 + ^ 2 , J + m, ji -f J2 + j are integer non-negative numbers.
The absolute value of a Clebsch-Gordan coefficient is given by

[^X;,mJ2 = ^ / o 2 ^ < * / J V M ^ ^ (4)

The phase of the Clebsch-Gordan coefficients may be chosen in different ways. The phase convention proposed
by Condon and Shortley [10] is universally accepted. In accordance with this convention the Clebsch-Gordan

The extension of the Clebsch-Gordan coefficients to negative values of momenta will be considered in Sec. 8.4.5.

235
 236 Quantum Theory of A ngular Momentum

coefficients are real and their phases are fixed by the additional relation

<#U~, <&?-* = 2J£± Cda f*dfi Biafi dl

C D
"»>{a'A ^ -*{a> *7)^ -*{a'0t7) •
(5)
where
C#W» . >o.
313U2-J2
Under such a phase definition the Clebsch-Gordan coefficients satisfy the relations
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(-l)A-™. <%mihm% > 0, ( - 1 ) * + - . C * ; * ^ > 0. (6)

The Clebsch-Gordan coefficients are elements of the unitary matrix which performs direct and inverse trans­
formations between state vectors \j1m1j2m2) and \j1j2jm)
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C
3^nihm2 = {iimihm2\hJ2im) = (jiJ2Jm\jimij2m2). (7)
The unitarity relation is
E C*'m C* m
/iwiiiama Ji»**ijamj
= 8• • 8
°jj'°mm' j
mimj

The direct product of two irreducible tensors 9Ryimi and 9Ty,mj may be decomposed into irreducible tensors.
The coefficients of this decomposition are just the Clebsch-Gordan coefficients:

aWy.m, V . = £ C & i A m , {3%. ® * * }*» • (9)

>(m)
The inverse relation is
Wh ® **}/»» = J2 C , ^ , ^ . **m, • (10)
mimj

8.1.2. T h e Wigner 3jm Symbols

Not infrequently the Wigner 3jm symbols [110] are used instead of the Clebsch-Gordan coefficients. These
symbols possess simpler symmetry properties. The 3jm symbols are related to the Clebsch-Gordan coefficients
by
I 3l 32 ]3 \ _ i i\j,+mt+2u *■ ffhmt i,,\
v
\rrit ma m3 J ' y/2j3 + 1 ii—*ii*-m, • \Ll)
The inverse relation is
nismt _ / _ t « W » + m , / 2 • 4. 1 ( 31 32 33 \ (12)
C
nml}3fn3 - I 1J V2J3 + 1[mi m2 _mJ ■
The 3/m symbol represents the probability amplitude that three angular momenta j i , J2 and J3 with projections
mi,m2 and m$ are coupled to yield zero angular momentum:

/ h h J3 \ y > CJ"m' r00 (w\

The phase factor r\ = (-i)Ji-J3+J» is chosen in such a way that any cyclic permutation of columns leaves the
Sjm symbol unchanged. Below we shall use, along with the letters jtm other Latin letters (a, i,c, etc.) to
denote angular momenta, and Greek letters (a, ^ , 7 , etc.) to denote momentum projections in the arguments
of the 3jm symbols and Clebsch-Gordan coefficients.
 Clebsch - Gordon Coefficients and 3jm Symbols 237

8.1.3. Regge IE-Symbols

The Wigner Zjm symbol may be represented by a square 3x3 array ||#ifc||(t, k = 1,2,3) which is called the
Regge R-symbol [94]
# u #12 #13
fa b c\ _ #21 #22 #23 (14)
W 7/ #31 #32 #33

where
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# n = - a + 6 + c, #12 = a — 6 -|- c, #13 = a -+- 6 — c,

#21 = a + a , #22 = * + @» #23 = C + 7 i
#31 = a — a , #32 = 6 — j9 , #33 = C - 7 • (15)
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The inverse relations are

=
2a = -R21 + #31 = #12 "h #131 2a = i?21 — #31 #32 ~" #22 "+" #33 "~ #23 >
=
26 = #22 + #32 = #11 + #13 y 2fi = #22 "~ #32 #31 "" #21 "+* #33 ~~ #23 >
2c = #23 + #33 =
#11 + #12» 27 = #23 — #33 = #31 ~ #21 + #32 "" #22 • (16)

All nine elements #** are non-negative integers which satisfy the relations

(17)

where
J = a + b + c. (18)

8.2. EXPLICIT FORMS OP THE CLEBSCH-GORDAN COEFFICIENTS A N D

THEIR RELATIONS TO OTHER FUNCTIONS
Below we shall assume that the arguments of the Clebsch-Gordan coefficients and Zjm symbols satisfy
Eqs. 8.1(1)-8.1(3). In addition we introduce the A-symbol defined by

(a + b - c)\(a - 6 + c)l(-q + 6 + c)!

A{abc) = (1)
(a + 6 + c + l)!

The A-symbol is invariant under permutations of a, 6, c. Numerical values of the A-symbol are given in
Table 8.12 for § < a, 6, c < 5. If one of the momenta a, 6, c equals zero, the A-symbol is reduced to

A(aaO) = (2)
\/2a+l
 238 Quantum Theory ofA ngular Momentum

8.2.1. Representations of the Clebsch-Gordan Coefficients in the Form of Algebraic Sums

CSb/i = &,.«+*A(a6c)[(a + *)!(a - *)!.(* + 0)\(* ~ PW + 7)!(c - 7)!(2c + 1)]* (3)

X
*-* z\(a + b - c - 2f)!(a - a - *)!(& + /? - *)!(c - 6 + a + *)!(c - a - /? + z)!
(Van der Waerden [40], Racah [91])

, 1
A(abc) (o - a)l(6 - j9)!(c + 7)l(c - 7)l(2e + 1)
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3
C
°aab^ - * 7 . « + 0 (c + a - 6 ) ! ( c - o + 6)! (a + a)!(6 + /3)!
(-l)«-«+«(a + a + z)\{c + b-a-z)\
"E z\[a — a — z)\(c — 7 — z)\(b — c + a + z)\
(4)
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(Racah[9l],Fock[68j)

, I
(c + 7 ) l ( c - 7 ) ' ( 2 c + l )
C:ib/} = 6lta+0A(abc)
(a + a ) ! ( a - o ) ! ( 6 + j9)!(6-^)!j
( - l ) H * + » ( c + 6 + q - « ) l ( q - a + «)|
^ s!(c - a + 6 - *)!(c + 7 - z)\{a - 6 - 7 + 2)! (5)

(Wigner[43])

, 1
A(abc) (a + a)l(o - a)\(b - fi)\[e + i)\(2c + l)
Caab$ — ^7,<»+/9
(a - 6 + c)!(a + b-c)\[ (6 + £)!(c - 7)!

£ z!(c -( -al )+* *6 +- «z)!(c

( 2 c - « ) l ( a + 6 - c + »)!
+ 7 - z)\(a - c - 0 + z)\ (6)

(Majumdar[82])

A(abc)(a + b + c + 1)! (a-a)»(c + 7)l(2e+l)

CVabB - S1,a+0' (a - b + e)\ (o + o)!(6 + / 9 ) ! ( t - | 8 ) ! ( e - 7 ) !
( - l ) > + ^ » ( 2 c - « ) l ( c + t + tt-«)I
£^ z\(c -a + b- z)\(c + 7 - *)!(a + 6 + c + 1 - z)! (7)

(Bandzaitis and Yutsis [51])

&T,tt+fl (a + a)I(tt - a)l(c + 7)!(c - 7)I(2c + 1)

CC7 __
"a"6/? A(a6c) [ (6 + /?)!(6-/?)!
(-l)«-«+«(a + b - 7 - »)1(6 + c - a - z)\
*E z!(a - a - z)\(c - 7 - z)\(a + b + c+l-z)\
(8)

(Bandzaitis and Yutsis [51]).

In Eqs. (3)-(8) the summation index z assumes integer values for which all the factorial arguments ^ire non-
negative.
 Clebsch-Gordan Coefficients and 3jm Symbols 239

8.2.2* Quasi-Binomial Representation of the Clebsch-Gordan Coefficients

The Clebsch-Gordan coefficients can be presented in the form of quasi-binomials

C
A(abc) ( c - l ) l ( c + 7)l(2c + l) 1I * _ _ _ , 0]](a+i,-c) {9)
llbs -£y,a+/r(a + b-c)] [{a; - a ) ! ( a + a)!(6-/9)!(6 + ^)!j ^
a + a
^ P
> <° Q
A6 + W • l»J

For calculating the quasi-binomial one should use the binomial formula with all powers replaced by quasi-
powers.
(u ± t>)<fe) = £ ( ± 1 ) * ( * ) « (fe "* ) « (,) • (10)
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Quasi-powers (or generalized powers) are defined by

F
tt<«) = „(!)(•) = ("+1)
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r(u-* + i)' (11)

(-nw / . \(*i r(u + «+i)
If z is integer and positive, we get

u ^ = u(u - 1 ) . . . (u - « + 1),
1
(12)
u (- )(*) = ( u + l ) ( u + 2 ) . . . ( u + «).

8.2.3. Clebsch-Gordan Coefficients and Finite Differences

The Clebsch-Gordan coefficient are related to finite differences [41]

C i\a-e+0 (c + 7)!(q + i - c ) ! ( 2 c + l )
alb0 = 57,ot+/?(-"1) [(c - ^)!(c + a - b)\(c - a + i)!(a + 6 + c + 1)!
a-6~t) *
(«-«)(> (13)
(a - a)( a " fe - c )

where the difference of order k with respect to the argument a is given by

k
fc!
A*/(a) = EH)*""n!(ib-n)! /(a + n), (14)
n=0

In particular,
A./(a) = / ( a + l ) - / ( a ) f
(15)

Finite differences are anologous to differentials, while quasi-powers are analogous to ordinary powers. fVom
this it can be concluded that the Clebsch-Gordan coefficients are analogous to the Wigner ^-functions [20,
58]. To illustrate this similarity let us introduce the notations

j = 6, ii = c-a> v = /3, P = - ( a + 6 + c),, Q = a + a - -(a-h 6-f-c). (16)

This follows from the fact that the Clebsch-Gordan coefficients may be expressed in terms of orthogonal polynomials of a discrete
variable (Hahn polynomials); see Refs. [142, 143].
 240 Quantum Theory of Angular Momentum

Now, Eq. (3) may be rewritten in terms of quasi-powers

/g + t + c + 1 _[ *
C7 (y+M)'(j~-/«)»(/+y)'(y-^)»
V 2c+1 °-^-[ (2P)(2i) (P - Q)U+»)(P - (?)(>'+") (P + Q)(-M-") J
(P - Q)U+*+')(P + Q)U-*-»)
D- 1 )' z\(j - fi - z)!(; + i/ - z)!(p - i/ + z)! * (17)

Replacing quasi-powers in (17) by ordinary powers and introducing the angle i? according to
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. Q e [PTQ .e [P~^Q
(18)
cos $= C08 = am
P' 2 V-2P-' 2=y-2p-'
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we see that Eq. (17) reduces to the following relation for the Wigner ZMunction

(j + M)!(j - M)Ki + ")»(/ ~ *)' k

4A») = (2P)2/(p - Q)i+M(p - Q)J+"(P + Q)-»-»
1 (P-Q)}+'t+*(P + Qy-'t-'
El- )' z\(j ~ p- z)\(j +1/ - z)!(/i - i / + z)!
(19)

Equation (19) is similar to Eq. 4.3(4). The analogy between Eqs. (17) and (19) permits us to connect the
recursion relations, symmetry properties, etc. of the Wigner Z>-functions and the Clebsch-Gordan coefficients
[58]. Since for u >► z, u >> 1 quasi-powers became asymptotically equal to ordinary powers, a Clebsch-Gordan
coefficient turns into a ^-function in the large-momentum limit (Eq. 8.9(1)).

8.2.4. Expressions for the Clebsch-Gordan Coefficients in Terms of

the Binomial Coefficients [126]

( 2a )( 2b ) 1*
C
°aabB - *7,or+/?
\ J-2c)
\J-2cJ\J-2c)
\a-a) \b-8J \ c - 7 /
?<-<;%'--.?.)(/♦-,*). <2°>
where J = a -f 6 + c.

8.2.5. R e p r e s e n t a t i o n s of t h e C l e b s c h - G o r d a n Coefficients in T e r m s of
of t h e H y p e r g e o m e t r i c Functions

The Clebsch-Gordan coefficients may be expressed via the generalized hypergeometric functions 3F2 of unit
argument,

A(a6c) r(o + a)!(fe - 0)\{c + 7 )l(c - j)\(2c + l ) ] *

CVabp - Sl,<*+0(a + 6 - c)!(-6 + c + a ) ! ( - a + c - fi)\ [ (a - a)!(6 + fi)\
—a — b + c, —a + a> — 6 — ft
x3*2 (21)
- a + c - £ + l , -6 + c+ a + l
 Clebsch -Gordon Coefficients and 3jm Symbols 241

n 1
a
A(abc)(b + c - a)\ (a + g ) l ( t - f l l ( c + 7)l(2c + l) 2

C£M = * 7 , « + ^ - l ) - " (a - b'+ c)!(-a + 6 + c)\(b - c + a)!

(a-a)!(6 + fl!(c-7)!
a + a + 1, - a + a, - c + 7
X3F2 (22)
4-c-fa, t-c + a + 1

1 *

rc7 _r / .it+g A(06c)(6 + C + tt)l ( a - a ) ! ( c - 7 ) ! ( 2 c + l)

(a + a)!(& + /3)!(6-/9)!(c + 7)!j
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a — 6 — c, 0 — a + 1, —c — 7
X S3J F'S2 1 (23)
0—6 — 7 + 1 , — 6 — c — a
(Rose [30]) ,
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A(a6c)(2c)! (a + a ) l ( p - q ) I ( 6 - l ) l ( 2 c + l)
CZb0 = Sy,a+,(-l)b^
{a-b + c)!(-o + b + c)\(a -c-/3)\ (6 + /?)!(c + 7 ) ! ( c - 7 ) !
a — b — c, a + b — c + 1, — c — 7
X3 F2 (24)
-2c, a-c-0+ 1

rc7 _c / Ub+B A(a6c)(2c)!(6 + c + a)! (a-a)!(2c+l)

^«« W -*7.«+/»l 1) { a _ 6 + c ) ! ( _ a + 6 + c)! L(a + o)!(6 + /?)!(6 - /3)!(c + i)\(e - 7)!]
a— 6 — c, — a — b — c - 1, — c — 7
X3 ^2 (25)
—2c, — 6 — c — a

a_a(a+J-7)!(6 + c-a)! (o + a)!(c + 7 ) ! ( 2 c + l ) ]*

C'aaW = 6
l,a+fi{-1) A(a6c)(a + 6 + c + l)! ( a - a ) ! ( 6 + )9)!(6-/9)!(c-7)!
—a — 6 — c — 1, — a + a, — c + 7
X3 J ^ (26)
—0 — 6 + 7, —6 — c + a

Equations (21)-(26) may be associated with Eqs. (3)-(8), respectively.

According to Ref. [36], all 3 J^-functions of unit argument, which are given by finite sums, may be expressed
in terms of the Clebsch-Gordan coefficients. Any Clebsch-Gordan coefficient may also be represented in the
form of derivatives of the hypergeometric functions [46]:

1 *

C 1 a+6—c Ajabc) (a + a)l(a - a)!(6 + ^)!(c + 7)!(2c + 1) ^ 2

llb0 =*7,«+^(- ) (a + 6 - c)\(-a + 6 + c)!(a - 6 + 7)! (6-/?)!(c-7)!
db-fi
6-0
[(1 - t)a+b-cF{a - b - c, - c + 7; o - 6 + 7 + 1 (27)
. ( * ) ■

8.2.6. Representations of the 3;'m Symbols in the Form of Algebraic Sums

The explicit form of the Wigner Zjm symbols may be obtained from Eqs. (3)-(8) for the Clebsch-Gordan
coefficients. Rewriting these equations in terms of the i2-symbol elements, we get the following relations for
 242 Quantum Theory of Angular Momentum

the 3jm symbols [45]

+R»3
n (*/)!
(:;;)=<-.)«•■ (J+l)!

X
(28)
^ ^'z\{Rl3 ~ z)\{R23 ~ z)\{R3l ~ *)!(*33 ~ ^83 + *)1(*11 ~ -^32 + z)\ '
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(ab c \ = t_i\H>i+fl»i+fi»» [ ■ftisi-Rsai-RaiiflMiflaa! 1 *

l j
W-T/ LU+l)!fti!fta^3i!i?33!j
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x VV i)« (flai+«)»(*ii+ * » ! - » ) ' (29)

*!(fi 3 i - *)!(fi33 - *)!(fii3 - fisi + z)\ '

•^31+^33+^*8 fiiilfinlfi^fis^s! 1* V^f . . , (J?3iH-ar)!(.R3a + J?33-«)!

j
L(J+l)!J*ai!i*33!J*3i!i?33U V *!(J?n - «)|(Jfa - *)!(fii3 - A33 + *)!'
(30)

•Ri 1' J^21! -Rs 1' -^32! ^33! * (RlS+z)\{R2S + R33-*Y-

/?31+<R33+-R»3
l{J+l)\R13\Ra\R73\Ra9\\ \>^ ^"«!(itii'-*)l(ilbs'-')!(Aai - A33 + *)!'
(31)
^ai+iZaa+Uja (J + l)!fiii!fi 13 !fi 3 i!fi33! i * >, , x , (fiu + -R31 fiai-*)!(ii
- 'V.(Rn + ^33 - z)\
(:J;)-™ , 1;
a ! ( f i u - z ) ! ( f i 3 3 - z)!(7 + l - z ) ! ' ( 3 2 )

( l} Rn+R»i+Rn (J+l)lfi 3 l!fl33lfi3llfi33l .>, (fill + ^31 ~ *)1(-Rl3 + -«33 ~ Z)\

(:J0- - finlfiialfiisffiaalfiss! D ' zURi3-z)](R3l-z)](J + l-z)\'
)' (33)

where J = o + 6 + c.

8.2.7. Quasi-binomial Representations of the 3j'm Symbols

n ( - l ) ( * . l - * i » ) n(-l)(/l*3-«l») «(-l)(*33-*l») p(-l)(H31-«l») *

#31+^33 1121 121 ^32 £32 ( u - V ) ^ » ) . (34)
& ; ) - < - » (J + 1)!JW

The quasi-binomial may be evaluated according to Eqs. (10) and (11). Variables u and v may be chosen in
different ways [45]:

(a) —fiaVfii,'. « = R$Ri\\

) 1)
(b) « = fi2i fi[r , v-R^RiS,
(c) v-R^Rl-V, v-BJg(J + l)M. (35)
 Clebsch-Gordan Coefficients and 3jm Symbols 243

8.3. INTEGRAL R E P R E S E N T A T I O N S
8.3.1. Integrals Involving Algebraic Functions
The Clebsch-Gordan coefficients may be represented by the following integrals [41] (J = a + b + c)

/7C7 ( _- ii )\ a - c + 0 (c + -y)!(J-2c)!(J r +l)!(2c + l)

*«bf) 2j+i [(a-o)!(o+o)!(6-/9)!(6 + j9)!(e-7)!(J-2o)!(J-26J!
x £ ( 1 - «)-«(! + «)*-' j £ ^ [(1 - Xy->°{1 + x) J - 2 Vx, (1)
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_i)a-c+^ (J - 2b)\{J - 2c)!(J + l)l(2c + 1)

CfL -izliJ
a<*&/? 2 +! L(°- ) ( + Q ) ! ( 6 -^) ! ( 6 + )9)!(c-7)!(<: + 'y)!(J-2o)!
Q! ! 0

X A3-"2*
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(2)
/
Ji - «)*'(i + x?-e J^J^ |(i - «)-*(i + «)•+■»]&
In particular, i f a = ^ = 7 = 0, then

[(j 2t,! j
rco _ (-i)°"c
Wow - 2/+i a !6 ! c ! - ' i;iy""2'+i)]7j'-^^'"-^- (3)

8.3.2. Integrals Involving t h e Wigner /^-Functions

1
" ( o - f H c i l)!(a + b - c)!(2c + 1) ] »
]' J dRDla(R)Db^b(R)Dc^b(R), (4)
(2a)!(26)!
where J? means the set of the Euler angles (see Sec. 4.12)

(-1) o+c—a—7 ( J - 2 c ) ! ( J + l)!(2c + l) 1*

^acrb/? 2a+b+l (a + a ) ! ( a - a ) ! ( 6 + /?)!(6-£)!

* /j^'""(TT^) V '«-«(•»«-•)
(Akim and Levin, [46]) (5)

8.3.3. Integral Involving t h e Spherical Harmonics

If a,6,c are integers and J = a-j-6 + c = 2gis even (i.e., g is integer), then

4fT
cz* = (-1) 0-C
(2a+l)(26
(6)

8.3.4. Integral Representations for P r o d u c t s of t h e Clebsch-Gordan Coefficients

 244 Quantum Theory of Angular Momentum

In particular,
[C&oP = ^ ^ | ' ^ 8 i n t ? P a ( c o s t ? ) P 6 ( c o s t ? ) P c ( c o s t f ) . (8)

8.4, SYMMETRY PROPERTIES

The simplest way to formulate the symmetry properties of the Clebsch-Gordan coefficients and 3jm symbols
is to use the representations of these coefficients in the form of the Regge #-symbols [94] (see Sec. 8.1.3).

8.4.1. S y m m e t r y P r o p e r t i e s of t h e iJ-SymboIa
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The #-symbol possesses the following symmetry properties [94].

(a) Permutations of columns

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#11 R\2 #13 Ru Rik Ru l

#21 #22 #23 II = e
R2i #2ik # 2 / (1)
#31 #32 #33 R$i #3fc #3f 1
where
for cyclic permutation (even number of permutations),
(2)
t(-i)' for non-cyclic permutation (odd number of permutations).
and

(b) Permutations of rows

R11 R12 #13 ♦1 #t2 R%3

#21 #22 #23 = s *1 Rk2 #*3 I (3)
R31 R32 R33 11 R12 Rl3 1

(c) Transposition

#11 #12 #13 #11 #21 #31

#21 #22 #23 = #12 #22 #32 (<)
#31 #32 #33 #13 #23 #33
These symmetry transformations relate 6 x 6 x 2 = 72 generally different coefficients.

8.4.2. S y m m e t r y P r o p e r t i e s of t h e 3jm S y m b o l s
The above relations are equivalent to the following symmetry properties of the 3jm symbol.

Classical symmetries [110]

(a) Permutations of columns (corresponding to permutations of columns of the #-symbol):

fabc\_fbca\_fcab\_ , ^ a +6+c f a c b\

\a+b+c f b a c
1_ / i\a+6+c (c b a\
= (-i)a 17 0 a) '' (5)
 Clebsch - Gordon Coefficients and 3jm Symbols 245

(b) Change of signs of momentum projections (corresponding to the permutation of the second and third
rows of the JE-symbol)

(:;;)-<-»>—• U 4-'■,)■ <6>

Regge symmetries [94]
(c) Replacement of arguments:

b+c+a a+c+0 a+b+*i

2 2 2
jja+6+cj | (7)
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( : ; ; ) - < - a_b±^a 5_«±|zl c -«±|=2

(corresponding to the permutation of the first and third rows of the i?-symbol) and
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( n b+c~a 64-c-fa
2
(8)
7 * =2 « t * + 7 .
_ 6 + c *=*=*_
This corresponds to the transposition of the iZ-symbol. According to the above symmetry properties, 72
formally different Sjm symbols have the same absolute values. One can decompose these symbols into six
groups (12 coefficients in each group). The Sjm symbols which belong to different groups correspond to
triangles of different forms but the same perimeter J = a + b + c. On the other hand, all Sjm symbols which
belong to one group are related by the classical symmetry properties (5) and (6). In Eq. (9) we list one Sjm
symbol from each group.

H-g~g H-<?+« \ / 5 a+c-p a+c+p

( : ; ; ) ■ ( . : J b+0-c-n b-0-c+i J l a —c -<*-<*+c+*r -a+a+c-i

r o+fr-T o-t-H-7 \ / 6+c-q a+c-0 a+b-i

C
2 2 1 / 2 2 2

b- a 2 ± « Z ± Z 1 a-*-k+fi ) {a-a„kkZz& fc_£_*±|zl C ^ 7 _5±|Z2

b+c+a a+c+0 a+b+t

2 2 2
(9)
s±
fctftft-a-a ^f^-t-yJ |±a-c-7>

(a) 8.4.3. Symmetry Properties of the Clebsch-Gordan Coefficients

X 1 x
°aq60 - I i °fe/9aq - V i y 2fc + J ° a « c - 7 ~ V i y 2j, + ! °c-ya-q

■ ( - i),M \/iif"»- < - w i l l <**. • "o»

0>)
Cu-l-il^'C^-,- <»>
 246 Quantum Theory of A ngular Momentum

Caabfi — ^a'a'b'0' > U^)

where

2o' = (a + a) + (6 + 0 ) , 2a = (a' + a') + (6' + /?'),

2a' = (a + a) - (6 + )?), 2o = (a' + a') - (6' + p'),
26' = (a - a) + (6 - /?), 26 = (a' - a') + (6' - /9'),
2/9' = ( a - a ) - ( 6 - / ? ) , 2/3 = (a' - a') - (6' - /?'), (13)
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c' — c, c = c',
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7'= o - 6 , 7 = a' - 6 '

w
(14)
c^-t-ir'^i^^^'
where

2 a ' - ( 6 - / J ) + (c + 7 ) , 2 a = ( 6 ' - / ? ' ) + (c' + 7'),

2a' = 2(a + a ) - ( 6 - / ? ) - ( c + 7 ) , 2a = 2(a' + a') - (6' -/?') - (c' + 7'),
26' = (a - a) + (c + 7 ) , 26 = (a' - a') + (c' + 7'), (15)
2/?' = 2(6 + /?) - ( a - a ) - (c + 7 ) , 2/? = 2(6'+/?') - (a' - a') - (c' + 7 ' ) ,
2c' = (a - a) + (6 - 0), 2c = (a' - a') + (6' - p'),
27' = ( a - a ) + ( 6 - / ? ) - 2 ( c - 7 ) , 2 7 = (a' - a') + (6' - /?') - 2(c' - 7') •

8.4.4. "Mirror* Symmetry

The original relations which define the Zjm symbols and the Clebsch-Gordan coefficients may be extended
to the domain of negative integer or half-integer arguments a, 6, c. In this case the following symmetry relations
are valid [45] (here we denote I = — c — 1,^ = —7, etc.).
(a) The relations for the 3;m symbols are

(:j;) c <-^"(:{;)= f i-'r-'(^)-'Hr'(:j;). m

The Sjm symbols with negative momenta obey the symmetry relations (5) and (6) provided a, 5, Z are replaced
by —a, - 6 , - c , respectively, in the phase factors of these relations.
(b) The relations for the Clebsch-Gordan coefficients are

<EM - (-i)0+6"c cHB0 = (-1)6—" c & , = (-1)*' C&, = (-1)— c£ 5/9 = c £ M

/2c+l 6<? _ /2c+1 _ /2c+1
" V 26 + 1 " ^ ~ V 2a + 1 "'""' ~ V 2a~+~T ^ ' l17>
 Clebsch-Gordan Coefficients and 3jm Symbols 247

From Eqs. (17) one gets

CC
albfi ~ Cllb0 > ( 18 )
C
ilbfi ~ Cllip > ( 19 )
<C
aa M = c S * - (2°)
When tabulating formulas for the Clebsch-Gordan coefficients, it is convenient to use the "mirror* symmetry
properties in the form
+
c£S7- = (-i)* 'c£#. (21)
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8.4.5. Properties of the Vector-Addition Coefficients under Transformations of the

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Coordinate System and Time Reversal

The vector-addition coefficients are not invariant under transformations in question, although formally they
are independent of coordinates and time.

(a) Rotation of the coordinate system.

The projections of angular momenta vary under rotations of the coordinate system. The Zjm symbols
and the Clebsch-Gordan coefficients in a new coordinate system may be expressed as superpositions of the
corresponding quantities in the initial coordinate system. Thus

8
(: j;) - (:■ r i) - E (: j;) iwwrew.w. (22)
RC C fl
llb0 ~ CVa'bp* = zZ ^0 M'(*)^'(*)^i'(*) *
<*01

(b) Inversion of the coordinate system.

The 3jm symbols and the Clebsch-Gordan coefficients are invariant under inversion of the coordinate
system, because angular momentum is a pseudovector.

p f a b c\ _ f a b c\
*V«]»77~ W l T / ' (23)
r Kj
r aab0 ~ ^aab0 •

(c) Time reversal.

The time reversal changes signs of projections of all angular momenta (reversal of the rotation direction).
Hence
p (a b c \ - ( a b c \ - f_-M«+b+c (a b c\
%
\*filj- \~* -fi -l) ~l J
\*fil)9 (24)
 248 Quantum Theory of Angular Momentum

8.5. EXPLICIT FORMS OF THE CLEBSCH-GORDAN COEFFICIENTS

FOR SPECIAL VALUES OF THE ARGUMENTS
8.5.1. Special Values of Momenta a, 6, c
(a) c = 0 or 6 = 0:

(1)

(2)
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(b) c = a + b:
(2a)l(26)!(a + 6 + a + £)!(a + 6 - a - jg)l
(3)
. (2a + 26)!(a + a)!(a - a)!(6 + 0)!(6 - fi)\
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The following two fomiula* are equivalent to Eq. (3) (i and n are integer)

u
oo-n+»66-i+l ~
e,)(,a-\) >1*
(4)
PED J '
i
s*a+ba—ft«fn— 1
u
^
o o + n - i 6 - 6 + i - l ~"
cam
/ 2a+26 \ (5)
L V3a+*-l/ J

In particular,

/nra+6a+6 _. ^
(6)
/nra+6a—6 f(2a)!(26)!
L(2o + 26)! (7)

(c) c = o + 6 - 1:

(2o + 26 - l)(2o - 1)1(26 -> l)l(a + 6 + a + £ - l)l(a + 6 - a - £ - 1)!] *

(8)
(a + a)!(a - a)!(6 + £)!(6 - £)!(2a + 26)!
In particular,

CaVa+" = 0, if I - ? ; (9)
/? 6

'aa-166 (10)

fl
>oa+6-1 a + 6 - 1 _ /
(11)
, 1
/nra+6-la—6 __ (2o)!(26)!(2o-26-l) 3
(12)
'aab-b (2a+ 26)!
(d) c = a - b (a > 6):

fya-ba+0 _ I _ 1 «\6+/» (a + a)!(g - a)l(26)!(2a - 26 + 1)! 1*

°oab/3 —
l J (13)
(2a + 1)!(6 + 0)\{b - p)\(a - b + a + p)\{a - 6 - a - /?)!
 Clebsch - Gordon Coefficients and 3jm Symbols 249

The following two formulas are equivalent to Eq. (13) (i and n are integer)

a-6a+6-n+l _ / -1X26-1+1
Caa-n+i 66-»+l — \~~l) (14)
2a 1
+ (n-.)

\
2a-26-nU:i)(^:f)
Ca—6a—6—n+1 / -t\*H-1
2a (15)
aa-n+i 6 - 6 - i + l — V x /
[ +! (£)
In particular
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r«-6«-6_,/2a£26TT
<?oa6_fr " V 2a + l • (16)

(e) c = a - 6 + l ( a + l > 6 ) :
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1 (2a - 26 + 3)(26 - l)!(2o - 26 + l)!(a + a)!(a - a)!

C ^ " ^ = ( - 1 ) " + ' + 1 2 M + 6a + 0)
(2a + 2)!(6 + p)\(b - £)!(a - 6 + a + 0 + l)!(a -b-a-p+ 1)! J '
(17)
In particular,
a—6+la—6 (2a - 26 + 3)26 ] *
Cyaab-b
r,nh-h — (18)
(2a + 2 ) ( 2 a + l )
(f) c = a + 6 - 2:

^ ^ a ^ = [ 2 a ( 2 a - 1)26(26- 1) 1* [/ 2a \ / 26 \ / 2a + 2 6 - 4 \ r *
aab
* [2(2a + 26 - 2) (2a + 26 - 1) J [\a-a)\b-Pj\a + b-a--P-2ji

f/2a-2\/26-2\ / 2a-2 \ / 26-2 \ / 2a - 2 \ / 2 6 - 2 \ 1

X +
\\a-a)\b + p) \a-a-l)\b + p-l) \a-a~2)\b + P~-2jj'
(19)

In particular,
/nra+6—2a—6 (2a)!(26)!(2a + 2 6 - 3 ) , I
y
aa6—6 (20)
2(2a + 2 6 - l ) !
(g) c = a - 6 + 2 ( a + 2 > 6 ) :

~»a-6+2a+0 (26 - l)26(2a - 26 + 5)(2a - 26 + 4)(2a - 2 6 + 3)

y
aab0 2(2a+l)(2a + 2)(2a + 3)

\ ( 2 a \ ( 2 b \ ( 2a-26 + 4 \]"> 6+/3r/26-2\/2a-26 + 2 \

{
[\a-a)\b-pj\a-b-a-p + 2j\ ' \\b + p) \a - b - a - p)

_ / 2 6 - 2 \ / 2a-26 + 2 \ / 26-2 \ / 2a-26+ 2 \ 1

+
\b + p - l) \a - b - a - p + 1J \b + p - 2) \a - b - a - P + 2) J ' V '

In particular,
(2a - 26 + 5)26(26 - 1)
C ia—b+2
aab-b
a—b
(22)
(2a + l)(2a+2)(2a + 3)J
 250 Quantum Theory of Angular Momentum

(h) a = 6, a = fi:

0, if 2a -h c = 2$r + 1,

v
aaaa (23)
( V T > fC+7)t y 2C)
**»« / T / T ' [ feai? " 1J * » i f 2 a + c = 2 , ,
( ^ ) »(***) »(*-«)! L

gr is integer and positive.

(i) 6 = a + § , 0 = a ± § , 2 a + c = 20:
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c + 2a+ 1" *
aaa+J a+ \ a + a + 1. c,
(24)
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c - 2 a + 1" *
oaa+J a - \ a - a + 1. c,

where
(_l)c/2-«^0+^,
(2o + c + 2)(2o - c)l(c + 2a)!(c - 2a)!]
(7 = (25)
! 2(2o + c + l)!
(a-f)Kf + «)'(f-°)
6 = 0 + § , 0 = a ± ± 2o + c = 2 ^ + l :

c-2a + l
00 0+ J a+ J 0,
a+ a + 1
(26)
c+ 2a+ 1
oaa+J a ~ i D,
a-a + 1

where
(-l)V °(o + ^ ) !
f ( 2 a - c ) ! ( c + 2 a + l ) ! ( c - 2 a + 1)!]
D = (27)
£ i £ 1+a ! £ 1 a ! 2(2o + c + 2)!
("- f )'( t )( t - )
(k) 6 = a + 1; p = a, a ± 1; 2a + c = 2g:

/nrc2a-f 1 (c + 2a + l ) ( c - 2 a ) ] *
°aa<*+la+l £,
(a + a + 2)(a + a + l)J
/nrc2a 2<*
u
aao+la (28)
[(a + a + l ) ( a - a + l)]*

/nrc2a-l ( c - 2 a + l ) ( c + 2a) 1
u
aao+la-l £,
( a - a + 2 ) ( a - a + l)J

where

(-l)f "(a+lj! f(2c + l)(2a + c + 2 ) ( 2 a - c + l)!(c + 2a)!(c - 2a)!

£ = (29)
2(a-|)!(f + a)!(f-a)|l c(c + l)(2a + c + 1 ) !
 Clebsch-Gordon Coefficients and 3jm Symbols

b = a + 1; P = a, a ± 1; 2a + c = %q + 1:

c ( c + l ) + ( 2 a + l ) ( 2 a + 2) f(c + 2 a + l ) l ( c - 2 a - 1 ) !
u
aaa+la+l— f,
2(fi±l + a)!(«±l-a)! L (a + a + 2)(a + a + 1 )

/nrc 2 a 2a+ 2 (c + 2 a ) ! ( c - 2 a ) !
u
oao+la F, (30)
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/nfc2a — 1 c ( c + l ) - ( 2 a - l ) ( 2 a + 2) (c + 2 a - l ) ! ( c - 2 a + l)!
u
o a o + l a - l ~
2{^-a)\{^ + a)\ [ ( a - a + 2 ) ( a - a + l) r,
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where
(-Ij^-afr+jjl)! r ( 2 c + 1 ) ( 2 a ,c + 1)l
F= (31)
f a ^ £zjAj [c(c-hl)(2a + c + 2)!J

Equations (24)-(31) were obtained by Stone [107].

8.5.2. Special Values of Momentum Projections

(a) a = 0 •= 7 = 0:

( 0, ifa + 6 + c = 2g + l ,

WOW) — * (32)
(-!)«-« V^5+lgl r(2g-2a)l(2g-26)1(2g-2c)l] * tf . 2
I (i-a)!(*-6j!(a-c)! [ ( 2 g + l ) ! J > lta + 0 + C-Zfif,

g is integer and positive. In particular,

_ (a + 6 ) ! (2a)!(26)! I
ra+W)
y (33)
a0bO
a!6! (2a+ 26)!
/-*a—60 ^_ / 1^6 (2fe)!(2a-26+l)!
'a060 ( - i ) 6 6!(a-6)! (34)
(2a + 1 ) !

(b) Tf = c or a = a:

(2c + l)l(a + t - c ) l ( a + a ) l ( 6 + 0)l

C cc c / i\a— a
(35)
(a + b + c + l)!(a - 6 + c)!(-o + 6 + c)!(o - a)!(6 - 0)! J

(2c + l)(2o)l(-o + b + c)\{b - jg)l(e + 7)!

^aa6/? _
&"l-0,a (36)
[(a + b + c + l)!(o - 6 + c)!(a + 6 - c)!(6 + p)\(c - i)\\
 252 Quantum Theory of Angular Momentum

In particular,

Caabb " ^a+6,c i (37)

1*
(38)

(2a)!(2c + l)l *
C cc __ (39)
(a + 6 + c + l ) ! ( a - 6 + c)!j '
(2a - l)l(2c.+ l)!(a + 6 - c)(-a 4- b + c +1) ] *
(40)
aa-l&c-a+l
i
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oabc-a-1 —
(2a)l(2c + l)!(o + 6 - c + l ) ( - a -hi + c) 1 *
(a + 6 + c + l)!(a - 6 + e)\2c
*
r- (41)
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2c+1
Cao = (2c)! (42)
(2c-6)!(2c + 6 + l)!j '
(2c + l)(26)l 1 *
(43)
(2c + 6 + l)!6!
(c) 7 = c — 1 or a = a — 1:
C S # = «.+/..—i(-l)—{(» ~ /?)(* + * + 1) " (a - a)(a + a + 1)}
, 1
(2c + l)(2c - l)!(o + 6 - c)\(a + a)l(b + fi)l
(44)
[(a + 6 + c + l)!(a - 6 + c)!(-o + 6 + c)!(o - a)!(6 - /J)! J '

C^-i6/» = V/»,a-i{(c-7)(c + 7 + l ) - ( 6 + / ? ) ( 6 - ^ + l ) }
(2c + l)(2o - l)l(-a + 6 + c)!(6 - 0)\{e + 7)! *
(45)
[(a + 4 + c + l ) ! ( a - 6 + c)!(o + 6-c)!(6 + /?)!(c-7)!j '
In particular,
ee-l _ A
C <u<ur - u
> (46)
(47)
(2c + l ) ( 2 c - l ) ! ( 2 o - l ) !
£ £ - ! * = h,c-a{a{a + 1) - 6(6 +1) + e(e + 1) - 2oc} (48)
[(o + 6 + c + l ) ! ( o - 6 + c)!

8.6. RECURSION RELATIONS FOR THE CLEBSCH-GORDAN COEFFICIENTS

8.6.1. General Recursion Relations

(6 + P - 2k)\(c + 7)!(o + 6 - c)\(-a + 6 + e)l(a + 6 + c + l)!(2c + 1)

(6 + /9)!(c-7)!(a-6 + c)!

c'^-fc ••*"*'-* (c + *-e')!(e + c' + ib +1)1(^ + 4 c)!

(c' + k - 7)1(0 - 6 + c' + k) !(2c' + 1)

(c' - Jfc + 7)!(-a + 6 + c' - *)!{a + 6 - c' - *)!(o + 6 + c' - k + 1)! (1)
 Clebsch -Gordon Coefficients and Sfm Symbols 253

(Yutsis and Bandzaitis [45]) where k is integer or half-integer, 0 < A: < (b + /3)/2. In accordance with the choice
of k Eq. (1) yields different recursion relations.
Note also the relation obtained by Stone [107]

{a + b + c + l)!(a - b + c)\{a + b - c)\(b + p)\(b - 0)\{a - b + a - jJ)\{a - b -a + fi)\

( - a + b + c)\(a + a)!(a - a)!

]
Y - t e - ^ v (26 +V+ !)!(»-|)!(^+i9)!(^-i9)!
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( - a + 6 + c + t # )l(y + 2/9)1(6' - 2/9)1 i

! (2)
(a - 6 + c + V + l)!(a - 6 + c - 6') (<* - 6 - e + V)\J *
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Here a - 6 > |a - fi\ > 0, 6' is integer, b' + 26 is even, and a - 6 + c > 6' > | - a + 6 + c|, 26 > i' > |2j9|.
Equation (1) may be rewritten by the use of quasi-powers in the form [45]

2c+ 1 1* *
"<>f>0 t
L( +^) (2fc,
J£ (-l) f c + f c , ^-Vi?-*[(« + T)(k-fc,)(c - 7 + * + *')(fc+fc>) (« + b ~ c)(fc+fc<)
fe'=-fc

X ( - o + b + c)(fc"fc')(a + b + c + l)<fc-fc')(a - 6 + c + jfc + Jb')(fc+*'>(2c + 2k' + 1)]»

(2Jb)(»+»'>
(3)
(2c + k + kf + l)(3*+i)(fc + #)(*+*') '
where
integer,
S S
(a-n)!' 2 * 2 ' * \ i if 6 is half-integer.

8.6.2. Arguments a, £, 7 Change by 1

[ ( c ± 7 ) ( c T 7 + l ) l * C 2 g - [ ( a T « ) ( a ± a + l ) ] * C 2 ± 1 M + [ ( * T « ( 6 ± / J + l ) ] * C :7 (4)
aabfi±l •
In particular, for j^l = c one has

(6±/9)(feT/?+l) *
(5)
(a±a)(afa+l)

when |a| = |y9| = §

r,i _ rc0 (2»+l) + (-l)«+»-(2q+l) .
a 6 (6)
M~ °* -* 2[c(c + i)]*
and for |a| = |/8| = 1, o + J + c even, one gets

rc0 _rco c(C + l ) - q ( q + l ) - 6 ( 6 + 1 )

alb 1 Oo0W (7)
~~ 2[a(a+1)6(6 + 1)J* '

C c 2 h l —= Ce0„ ° ( q + l)(c(< + 1) ~ aia + 1) + W + 1)1 + »(» + l)[c(c + 1) + «(« + 1) - >(* + 1)] (8)
'al&l '-'oOW
""*" 2 [ a ( a + 1 ) 6 ( 6 + l ) ( c - l ) c ( c + l ) ( c + 2)]i
 254 Quantum Theory of Angular Momentum

8.6.3. Arguments Change by 1/2

(2a+l)[b±tfCllb0 = ^(aTa)(a + b-c)(a + b+ c+l))iCllia±ib_il)JFi

+ [ ( a ± a + l)(-a + 6 + c)(a-6 + c + l ) ] ^ ; i a : t i 6 _ § / J T § ) (9)

(2o + l ) [ 6 T i 8 + l ] * C 2 w = [ ( o T a ) ( a - t + c)(-a + 6 + c + l ) ] * C ^ i a : t f 6 + i / , : F i

±[{a±a+l)(a+b-c + l)(a + b + c + 2)]*C?+ia±ib+i^it (10)

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[(-« + 6 + c ) ( a - 6 + c + l)]*C2;M = ! ( a - a + l)(6-/!)]* C ^ ^ _ i 6 _ f / , + i

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+[(a + « + l)(* + 4 ) ] * C « J . + ik_i/|_J> (11)

[(o--6 + c)(-« + 6 + c + l ) ] i c 2 ; w = I ( « - « m - ^ + l ) l * ^ J . + i6+i/i-J

+[(a + a ) ( H . J + l ) ] * C £ j - _ | k + J , + J I (12)

2 c ( - a +fe+ c)(a + b + c + 1)
2c+1 I' C&, = [(6 -fl(e- 7)1* C i T A i + K» + M< + *»)!* C i ^ - * -
(13)

2c(c=F7)(a + 6 + c + l )
2c+1
(14)
2c(c =F l)(a + b - c + 1)
2c+ 1
c2„ - ±K« ± -+1)(-«+b+e)i* c:;ixi|^
T[(»±*+!)(«-* + *)]* Caa6+$/?±J
i?£*. (15)

2(c+l)(c±7+l)(a + 6-c)
2c+1 ^W-*[(«*«)(-• +> + « + 1 ) 1 * < C | 2 } M
±l(*Tfl(.-» + e H a ) l * C ^ * / ± r (16)

(c T n ) ( - a + H c)(o + b + c + 1)
[(2c + l)(6=F/?)]*C£ v =
2c
"(c ± 7 + l)(q - 6 + c + l)(q + 6 - c)]
V c+ * 7± * (17)
2(c+l)
In particular, Eqs. (9) and (10) yield
n

/orcO L/^cO (a + 6 - c ) ( a + 6 + c + l) 3
(a + f > - c - H ) ( a + 6 + c + 2)
(2a+ 1) (26-hi) ( 2 a + 1) (26+1)
(18)
 Clebsch- Gordon Coefficients and 3jm Symbols 255

if a 4- 6 + c is odd, and

■icO ycO ( - 0 + 6 + c ) ( o - 6 + c 4-1)1 _ r*cO ( a - 6 + c ) ( - o 4-64-c + 1)

. (19)
( 2 a + 1 ) (26 4-1) (2a 4-1) (26 4-1)

if a 4- 6 4- c is even.

8.6.4. The Case When a = £ = 7 = 0

Let p be integer and 2g = a 4- 6 4- c. Then
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rco _rco (s-a)i(q-6)l ( 2 a - 2 a ~ - 2 p ) ! ( 2 a - 2 6 4-2p)l

(20)
W+p06-pO - WofeO ^ _ fl _ py^g _ ft + py [ ^g _ 2ay^g _ 2 jjj
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In particular, Eq. (20) yields

(~a + 6 4 - c ) ( a - 6 4-c 4-1)

CcO _ /nrcO
(21)
a+106-10 — °o060 ( - a 4- 6 4- c - l)(a - 6 4- c 4- 2)

->c0 __
- r?co {g + p)i{9-*)li9-b)\{g-c)\
c^i-iy g\{g-a
-'a06+2p0 ~ ^aO&O + p)\{g-b-p)l[g-c + p)\

(a 4- 6 - c 4- 2p)!(a - 6 4- c - 2p)!(-a 4- 6 4- c 4- 2p)!(a 4- 6 4- c 4-1)!] »

(22)
(a 4- 6 - c)!(a - 6 4- c)!(-a 4-64- c)!(a 4- 6 4- c 4- 2p 4-1)1 J

Moreover, from Eq. (22) one gets

(a 4- 6 4- c 4- 2)(a 4- 6 - c 4- l)(a - 6 4- c)(-a 4- 6 4- c 4-1) *1

CeO /nrcO
(23)
a06+20 ~ **"~°a060 [(a 4- 6 4- c 4- 3)(a 4- 6 - c 4- 2)(a - 6 4- c - l ) ( - a 4- 6 4- c 4- 2) J

8.6.5. Arguments a, 6, c Change by 1

2[b>-p\icZ ■[(o2 - a 2 ) ( - a + 6 + e)(-o + 6 + c + l)(o - 6 + c)(a - 6 + c + 1)]*

•»»-W o(2o+l)
XC
«7-1^ +
^(^ [( ~ a + 6+ c)(a
~6 + C+ 1 ) ( a + 6
"c)(a + 6+ C + 1 ) 1
'^ bfi

{[(o + l ) 2 - a 2 ](a + 6 - c){a + 6 - c + l)(o + 6 + e + l)(a + 6 + c + 2 ) } * C £ l a W , (24)

(o+l)(2o+l)

2 ^ : ^ = - a ( 2 o 1 + 1 ) [ ( « 2 - " 2 ) ( - a + i + c + l ) ( a - 6 + c)(a + 6 - c ) ( a + f c + C+l)]ig^lab<;

~^riy {a(a+1]+b{b+1] ~c{c+1))c%**

{[(a + l ) 2 - a 2 ] ( - a + 6 + c)(a -b + c + l)(o + 6 - c + l)(o + b + c + 2 ) } * C £ l a W , (25)
(a + l ) ( 2 o + l )
 256 Quantum Theory of Angular Momentum

2[(6 + l ) 3 - / 9 2 ] i ^ 6 + ^ = - ^ ^ [ ( a 2 - a 3 ) ( a + 6- C )(a + 6 - c + l)(a + 6 + c + l)(a + 6 + c + 2)]i

X C : l l +
^ ^(^ l( " 0 + 6 + C+ 1 ) ( a
":6 + c)(0 + 6
~C + 1 ) ( 0 + 6 + C+ 2)liC
-W
2
+(o+l)[2tt + l){[(a+l) - a 2 | ( - a + t + c)(-a + 6 + C + l ) ( a - 6 + c)(a-6 + c + l)}ic:; i< , t<? , (26)

4c2(2c + l ) ( 2 c - l )
v
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aab0 — .(c + 7)(c - 7)(-o + b + c)(a - b + c)(o + 6 - c + l)(o + b + c + 1)J

f(a- fi)e(e - 1) - <*>{* + 1) + 7*(* + 1) r«-i-»

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X
\ 2c(c-l) °-W_

X
f(c - 7 - l)(c + 7 - l)(-a + b + e - l)(a - b. + c - l)(a + b - e + 2)(a + b + c)'3
(27)
4(c-l)2(2c-3)(2c-l) °aa60 f •

8.6.6* Arguments a, 6, a, £ Change by 1

[(*±«(*±/»+l)l*C2 k - W

^ 7 ^ I ( a ± a ) ( a ± o - l ) ( - a + 6 + e)(-a + 6 + e + l ) ( o - 6 + c)(a-6 + e + l ) l * C « l a T l w ± l
2o(2o

:
+2 ( a + 1 ) ( 2 a + 1) [(a Fa + l)(aTa + 2)(a + 6-c)(a + 6 - c + l ) ( a +fe+ c + l)(a +fe+ c + 2)|i

X<
?a+la?160±l • (28)

[(»¥fl(6±0 + l)l*C£:w
= ±
2a(2a + l ) ( ( a ± a ) ( ° ± ° " 1 ) ( ~° + 6 + c + XHa " 6 + CK° + 6 " eH° + b + c + ^l^-ia^ii

~2a(a 1 +l) { a ( a + X) + 6 ( 6 + 1 }
" C(C + 1)}1(a ± a ) ( a T a +
^iC^Tn0±i

T2(o+1)(2a + 1)[(a=Fo. + l)(aTa + 2)(-a +fe+ c)(o-6 + c-H)(a + 6-c-H)(a + 6 + c + 2)]^

xC,
o+laT16/J±l • (29)
 Clebsch - Gordon Coefficients and 3fm Symbols 25 7

[(&T0)(6=F/?+l)]*C£6+1/?

= ^^^[(a±a)(a±a-l)(a + b-c)(a + b-c + l)(a + b + c + l){a + b + c + 2)}^C:ila^lbp±1

±2a^+l)[(a±a){aTa + l)(-a + b + c + l){a-b + c){a + b-c + l){a + b + c + 2)}iCllTlbfi±1

+
ot x i l u _ ^ K a T a + W 0 T a + 2)(-o + 6 + c ) ( - a + 6 + c + l)(a - 6 + c)(a - 6 + c + 1)]*
(30)
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8.6.7. A r g u m e n t s c, 6,7,^8 C h a n g e by 1
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( - a + 6 + c)(a - 6 + c)(a + 6 - c + l)(a 4-fe4- c 4- l)(2c - 1)

(2c + 1)
[(6 + 0 ( 6 - I + l)(c + 7 )(c + 7 - l ) ] * ^ ; : , 1 - 2/?[c2 - ^ » C a
(31)

[(6T0(6T/J + 1)]*C2^1/I
(c ± 7)(c ± 7 - l)(o - 6 4- c)(a - 6 4- c + l)(a 4- 6 - c)(a + b - c + 1)
2c ( 2 c - l ) (2c 4-1)

(c gp 7 + l)(c T 7 + 2 ) ( - a 4- 6 4- c ) ( - a + 6 + c + l)(g + 6 + c 4- l)(a + 6 + c + 2)] * ^ c + i ^ i

4- rr—Tm——
2(c + 1) (2c+l)(2c + r3); V/^LA—«
'aaft^Tl •
(32)

[(Ai/WTiS+l)]*^
(c ± 7)(c ± 7 - l ) ( - a + 6 + c)(a - b + c){a + b - c + l)(o + 6 + c + 1)1 * - c - i ^ i
= ±-
"2c ( 2 c - l ) ( 2 c + l) ' °^aa6/?^l
—■—

+
McTI) {-a(a + 1 } + 6(6 + 1 } + C
^^ aa&^?l

*
( c ? 7 + l)(c =F 7 + 2 ) ( - a + & 4- c 4- l)(a - & 4- c 4- l)(o 4- 6 ~ c)(a 4- 6 4- c 4- 2)
2(c + l) (2c + l)(2c + 3) (33)

[(6±/?)(&±/?+l)]*C£fc+1„
(c ± 7)(c ± 7 - l ) ( - a + 6 + c)(-o + b + c + l)(a + 6 + c + l)(a + 6 + c + 2)
2c ( 2 e - l ) ( 2 e + l)
T 2 c ( c 1 + 1 ) [ ( c ± 7 ) ( c T 7 + l ) ( - a + i + c + l ) ( a - f t + c)(a + fe-c+l)(a + 6+ c + 2)]ic;^1;F1

(c =F 7 + l)(c T 7 + 2)(o - 6 + c)(a - b + c + l)(a + b- c)(a + b - c + l). I

+ 2(c + 1) (2c+l)(2c + 3)
CtSgl. (34)
 258 Quantum Theory of Angular Momentum

8.6.8. Recursion Relations for the Regge Symbols

Recursion relations for the Regge jR-symbols are very convenient because each relation is equivalent to a
variety of formally different expressions for the Clebsch-Gordan coefficients. The formulas given below represent
some recursion relations [86, 103]. In these formulas we use the notation J = £)fc=i #»* = Yli=i #»* = <*+& + £•

# n #12 #13 Rn — 1 R12 #13

[*n(J+l)I* #21 #22 #23 - [#22#33T #21 R22 ~" 1 #23
#31 #32 #33 #31 #32 #33 "~ 1
Rll — 1 J?i2 #13
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+ [#23#32] #21 #22 #23 ~" 1 = 0. (35)

#31 #32 "" 1 #33
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#11 + 1 #12 #13 #11 #12 + 1 #13

K # l l + l)#2l]* R21 "" 1 #22 #23 + [ ( / ? 1 2 + l ) # 2 2 ] * #21 #22 "~ 1 #23
#31 #32 #33 #31 #32 #33
#11 #12 #13 + 1
+ [(i? 13 + l)#23]* #21 #22 #23 "" 1 = 0. (36)
#31 #32 #33

#11 #12 #13 #11 — 1 #:12 R 13

[#11#22(J + 1)]* #21 #22 #23 — (#22 + #23) [#33] 3 #21 #22 ~" 1 #23
#31 #32 #33 #31 #32 #33 — 1 I
#11 — 1 #12 #13
-[#23#3l(#21 + l)]* i?21 + 1 #22 "" 1 #23 ~~ 1 = 0. (37)
R3I — 1 J?32 #33

#11 #12 #13 #11 #12 + 1 #13 ~~ 1

( # 1 1 + # 1 2 + 1) [#22] * #21 #22 #23 + [#13 (#23 + 1)(#12 + 1)]* #21 #22 "~ 1 #23 + 1
#31 #32 #33 #31 #32 #33
#11 - 1 #12 #13
~[#11#33(./+1)]* #21 #22 "~ 1 #23 = 0. (38)
#31 #32 #33 ~~ 1

#11 — 1 #12 #13

(R22 — #33)[#11#23#32P #21 #22 #23 '
#31 #32 "" 1 #33
#11 #12 #13 — 1
+ (#33 — # l l ) [ # 1 3 # 2 2 # 3 i r #21 #22 ~ 1 #23
R3I — 1 i?32 #33
#11 #12 ~" 1 #13
+ (#11 ~ #22)[#12#21#33P #21 ~~ 1 #22 #23 II = 0 . (39)
#31 #32 #33 "~ 1
 Clebsch-Gordan Coefficients and Sjm Symbols 259

8.7. S U M S OF P R O D U C T S OF THE CLEBSCH-GORDAN COEFFICIENTS

Sums of products of the vector-addition coefficients are more conveniently represented in terms of the 3/m
symbols than in terms of the Clebsch-Gordan coefficients, because the Zjm symbols have simpler symmetry
relations. The sums expressed in terms of the Zjm symbols will be given in Sec. 12.2. Nevertheless the Clebsch-
Gordan coefficients are also widely used. That is why we present the formulas which seem to be most useful
for sums of products containing the Clebsch-Gordan coefficients. For practical convenience we consider various
versions of the formulas which differ by permutations of upper and lower arguments. In these formulas we use
the notation

n06...<:=[(2a+i)(26+i)---(2c+i)]i-
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8.7.1. Sums Involving One Clebsch-Gordan Coefficient

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£Hr*c-«-« = n > , (2)

a
£ ( - 1 ) ^ C2b0[(a + a)!(o - a)!(t + /?)!(*- fl!(c + 7 )!(c - 7 ) ! ] " ' = 0 . (3)

8.7.2. Sums Involving Products of Two Clebsch-Gordan Coefficients

C C
J2 alb(3 labfi = Scc> * 7 7 ' > (4)

Yl Calb0 CC
alb'0> = 7^2 6bb'600> , (5)
ai lib
1 C
E i - ^ <%» c'-Yaa = ("1) C + 1 fr * * *,V - (6)

E(- 1 ) a + " Cl}«* ^ - v - ft Scc, 6„,, (7)

E °c,% C = (-1)6"°~7 J$ &cc> «n' • (8)

ap He
C C f
Yl alb(3 Z'b0' = aa' <W » (6)

E n c caL, czcl=n6 *.v hr.

cy
r2 va ua» i-r2
(io)
El-1)0"0 n! <E* <£* - IL *».-* w • (")
 260 Quantum Theory of A ngular Momentum

8.7.3. Sums Involving Products of Three ClebschrGordan Coefficients

22 CZ*bfi Cd6bfi C¥a1* -r *1 1 1 ^ CZf* ] e f d\ '

a06 K J )

/ICwc-i Cft" °^f¥> - * * " j l - * c"f¥> | e f 4J*

a^ K ' J
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k y
a0* ^
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c
E r-i^+^r» ^
a06
I l
) C
r»<** r*^
aabfi ° 6 - / J e # ^aafip ~ ^"fj
lie
iicdd Gnet
c 7 / * i g / <f f '
V ' J
\abc\

2j(-l) a " a C^ a a Cl'$d6 Cj*a_a = ^ I J C / C"/*> j e f d \ > J

a$6 K J J

^ ( - l ) 6 * * c ? - / f c 7 cd6bfiC%*fv = *i 11^ C "f* \e f d) '

2 ^ ( ~ l ) a ~ a C£ ac _ 7 C ^ . ^ CtZ/r =
*i I I M ^ / p 1 e f d f '

where #d = (-l)>+«+<*+/, K2 = (-l)«+*+«+'.

8.7.4. Sums Involving Products of Four Clebsch-Gordan Coefficients

^bfia ^e*f<p ^e*b0 ^f^a

(cba)
ZZ Cbpc-nCttf-v^e*0™!* = (-l)He"aIJ^yECOTVMCi?a« \ f ' d >,
Pi*v htc yj g k J

2
c7 C7 e, e, a-6+ - ' Jbc { C 6 " 1
2^ ^ J a a C°fl>3H CWM C
f%d6 = (- )" +
1
' \\ c e 2^, g*jn d6aa \ f e d ) »
C C

0T<P kK ( j g k J

Ees*c*.qg,,<# C7 = (-i)-+--'n EM)'""<feess-1/'').

E eg.-. <&-• ctU-0 c&_, = (-!)»—•-+• n EC-M^« I / • 1}.

07«*> AB#C Ij g kJ
 Clebsch-Gordon Coefficients and 3jm Symbols 261

{ c b a
ft d
j gk
(25)

abc
22 C
Wa "f<P '%n fljn " I J iibcdk ™'i* M*« \ d e f ( »
C C C C C (26)
0i*v kK [k g j

E c5fc-7 # / - , <£»-# <&-, - n r «-«+>+«-"n^ E <&-, ess.. I /! 5 (27)

^7«¥> ** [j g k
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{ c b a
fed
j 9k
(28)
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{ c ba 1
/ ed|
y 0* j
(29)

c 6 a
E (-i)-**-• CCM css /r cfl, e f t , = (_i)*w—' JT £C- M c&„. / • <* (30)
0i«*> fcic I i' g k

8.7.5. Sums Involving Products of the Clebsch-Gordan Coefficients and One 6/ Symbol

/-si-1)2' n. cd C
S« ^ / ^ \ e f &f =
^aabfi Caif<p • (31)

2^(-l)c+ +
11^ C€faa C^C1 1 / «J e J =
^Ifc/J ^Ib/J i (32)

D i\2e-<*+<»+^TT
^
ynrci wvy
l l a e °/-¥>*M* °e#«-« 1 j
JC/ 0 l
e fl
-^
J - ^&0<i* ^fipdS >
^o,
(33)
C7 ^ '

D
2 a b C
i\C+d-0-*> T T y^C7 ^C7 / \ _ /-Ktf •*«
(34)
x aafe aa/ 6
> lid * ° / - ^ * 1 c / d J "" * ° -***>
J
c*i \ )

Yl^1^ ILf Cal&/? CfUl I c / d | = C

^ °"«/* ' (35)

Z^C""1) C l l c / Cb0d6 Cllfv 1 dC / J C

^aa ^ ^ ' (36)

D ""^*\9+d-0ll-cddJ j " net et JOt C1 ^

°aad/9 W i W \ f d ) ~ ^ '^'
n
e
b U
^
««f<P > (37)

|\2ellocc /nr6^ ^r^ct J C f 0 I _ ^, e# ^ ^

D X
J J | °/v ? c 7 °C7aa j j e fl J - W*6/J °/¥><W * (38)
 262 Quantum Theory ofAngular Momentum

8.7.6. S u m s Involving Products of t h e Clebsch-Gordan Coefficients and One 9j Symbol

fc ba
)
/ L I!..*,., C^Pe1 C<mJ» CMoa \ f e d
) = Cf*iV C
Vtbfi Cfvci • (39)

EIL* c™« ^ ^ 'e d r c5L c

* "^ c ^ • (40)

' -i I (cba)
El-1)"'-"
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HI, <*/-* C&.CJ/, { / « * [ - C&. C-?,_, Cfc_7 , (41)

£ H ) » ' - r - ' I J ^ ofc_ 7 <£,„ <5&. / e d = (£,_„ C ^ Cfa,, (42)

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ad ( jg k)

c Ja
£ ( ^ W W ± (ll<Wj»Cfl
1MM rri
C^V_M%,„ Cft,, { / . <f } - Cfc_, C&, C&. . (43)
0J n* y gf A;
Sums of larger numbers of the, Clejjsch-GQrdan coefficients mayl^e obtained from the above equations using
the orthogonality relation (Eq. 8.1(B)). >

8.7.7. Some Additional Sums of Products of T w o Clebsch-Gordan Coefficients

We note alsotfo'meother iuihs of products of the uletsch-Gbrdan coefficients. The first two suma, obtained
by Morgan [136], are written as

„_ n (2/' - 1)(2/ - 2V + 2J + 1) r l 0 | , + / 0 ) ~ 2J + 1 ' i44J

and

£ (i^Ti." iT+3 2F+l)?i-2^ + 2J|+1 (pw{+>o°) =0

- <45)
In these equations l,l'tJ are integers.
Din proved the following identity [134]

K+l
(46)
t(, + 1 ,
Hc-6i ~°ta+-V )"j
where a, 6, c are non-negative integers, with a + 6 + c odd, which satisfy the triangular condition

|c-6|<^<c*f&.

The sum runs only over values of t for which the Clebsch-Gordan coefficient does not vanish. Dunlop and Judd
[135] give the following relation

2^camkoccU_mkQ-(-i) V^'i)i(j,4t+i)i' < 47 >

which is valid for a — c > |Af |.

 Clebsch -Gordon Coefficients and S/m Symbols 263

8,8. GENERATING FUNCTIONS

The Clebsch-Gordan coefficients may be generated by expansions of some functions in power series or finite
sums. Below we present several generating functions. In these relations J s a 4- 6 -f c.

8,8.1. Regge D e t e r m i n a n t t o Power J

Ui U2 U3 Rn R12 R\3 R%i #I-Ria # l 3 R3i „Ri2 v#1H3i w#, J* JIw# l l fl 5 3 ...#*
" l U 2 u 3 **! v2 3 l 2 w
„
*>1 »2 V$ •#21 -R22 # 2 3 (1)
Wi XV2 W$ Rik #31 #32 #33 [i2ll!jRl2!iZi3!«R2l!-R22'^23!-R3l!^32! J R33!] a

(Regge [94], Shelepin [106]). Here R^k are the elements of the i?-symbol (see Sec. 8.1.3). The iE-symbols and
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the Clebsch-Gordan coefficients are related by Eqs. 8.1(14) and 8.1(11).

8.8.2. P r o d u c t s of Binomials
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\J-2b
{h-*)'-*>(*-*)'-**(*-h)
( J + 1)!(J - 2a)l(J - 2b)\(J - 2c)l
2c+ 1 E (-ir*--1
<*,/?,7
a+0+7=O

-*C—7
(2)
[(a + a)!(a - a)!(6 + £)!(& - fi)\{e + -y)!(c - 7)»1* " " ^ '

C a iJ-2b
(V\U2 — U1V2) ( ^ l V 2 — W2V1) {uiW2 — W1U2)

( J + 1)!(J - 2a)I(J--26)l(J - 2c)!]

2c + 1
E (-1)-*-7
a+fi+n-0
+o + 7 +7
ur°«s t>?~'«S 'wr »s -7
(3)
[(a + a)!(a - a)!(ft + /9)!(6 - 0)!(c + 7 )!(c - 7)!]* " *

8.8.3. Exponential Function

exp{x!(t 2 - t 3 ) + x 2 (i 3 - *i) + z 3 (ti - t2)}

X g x l
I J Zl 2 3 H 2 H ^c-7
A(a6c) W
a, M [(2c + l)(a + a ) ! ( a ^ a ) ! ( 6 + ^)!(6^^)!(c + 7 ) K c - 7 ) ! ] * "*'
a.V»7
where A(abc) is given by Eq. 8.2(1).

8.8.4. Hyper geometric Function

(J-26)l(c + 7)l(2c + l) ( « - l ) J-2e

F(7 - c, a - 6 - c; a - b + 7 + 1; t)
(J-2a)!(J-2c)!(c-7)!(J+l)!j ( a - 6 + 7)!
= y />C7
aa6/?
^ [(a + a ) ! ( a ~ a ) ! ( i + i 9)!(6-y9)!]i
<*+0=7
(Akim and Levin [46]) (5)
 264 Quantum Theory ofAngular Momentum

8.8.5. Wigner D-Function

(2c + l) 1 % /„»= V r-H»+"r^ (coaf) (sinf)

(6)
(J+l)!(J-2e)lJ * " ' U £ < ' aa6
> [(a+ a ) ! ( a - a ) ! ( 6 + /?)!(6-/?)!]*'

where a - 6 = V, |a — 6| < c < a 4- 6.

8.8.6. Generating Function for the Coefficients C ^ w

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* uJ-2a|;J-26u;/-2c
2
1+ u + v 3
+ it;'
= £H)a - 6 (■y+i)
:2c + l
°«Q60
[(J-2a)!(J-26)!(J-2c)!]*
a6c
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(Schwinger(lOl)) (7)

8.9. CLASSICAL LIMIT A N D A S Y M P T O T I C E X P R E S S I O N S F O R

THE C L E B S C H - G O R D A N COEFFICIENTS
Asymptotic expressions permit us to simplify calculations of the Clebsch-Gordan coefficients. Note that these
expressions appear to be accurate even if the arguments Jure not very large.

8.9.1. Asymptotic Expressions for a, c > 6

(1)

where £ = c — a, t? is the angle between the momentum c and the z axis,

cos (2)

This formula was obtained by Edmonds [64], Brussard and Tolhock [60]. In particular,

(3)

(5)
^w«n(costf), (6)

(7)

<S&O*(±I)*. (8)
 Clebsch-Gordon Coefficients and Sfm Symbols 265

If a, c >• 6 2> 1 one can use in Eq. (1) the asymptotic expressions for the Wigner D-function (Eqs. 4.18(1)-
4.18(4)). Then the Clebsch-Gordan coefficients may be represented in the form

-1V*-' 2 (6+ fl!(6-£ + !)!]* cos[(26 + l ) f - f ( / 9 - 5 + §)]

Cfaab& » ( - i ) (9)
(/?-*)! [x (6 + 5)1(6-5)! J V^Ttf
tf0>*,£>O,
2 (6 + 5 ) ! ( 6 - g + l ) ! l ' co« [(26+ l ) § - f ( f i - £ + *)]
(10)

if 6>P,5>0.
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8.9.2. Asymptotic Expressions for o, 6, c, 7 » a + 6 - if

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b
- " r ( 2 c + l ) ( a - 6 + c)!(a-a)!(6 + /9)!(c-7)!(c + 7)! 1 *
^W«(-l) (a-6-a)! (11)
(0 + 6 - c)!(-a + 6 + c)\(a + 6 + c + l)!(o + a)!(6 - £)! J *
(Akim and Levin [46]).

8.9.3. Semiclassical Formulas for a,6, c > 1

°Zbfi « ( - l ) 2 6 + c + 7 + 1 y ~ ^ cos [y^! + £ 0 3 + **3 " m 2 ^ + mi<p2 + J ] , (12)

(Ponzano and Regge [89]), where

1 . , 1 1
Ji = <* + - » ^2 = & + 2 > : ? 3 = c + - , rr*i = a , rr^^p, m3 = - 7 , (13)

0 i? - mf J'l - m
2 1
1 3?-mi 0 :?! - m f 1
(14)
16 3'i - ml 3'i -ml 0 1
1 1 1 0

If mi = 77*2 = m$ = 0, Eq. (14) reduces to

53=
M a + 6 + c + 0 (_a+6+c+0 (a-6+c+0 (a+6-c+0 • (15)

2j?ml + mi{j?-jZ + jf)

cos 8i
(16)
1 J? - 3k - 3? - 2mkmi
COS <Pi =
2
V(3Z-ml)(j?-m?)-
Indices »,fc, / in (16) are those which may be obtained by cyclic permutation of 1,2,3. The quantities which
enter Eqs. (14)-(16) have a simple geometrical interpretation. Three momenta j \ = a + | tj2 = b 4- § and
y3 = c •+- I form a triangle oriented in space in such a manner that the projections of its sides on the z axis are
 266 Quantum Theory of Angular Momentum

equal to mi, ma and m3, respectively (Fig. 8.1). S is an area of the triangle projection onto the ( 4 y)-plane.
Let us construct a trihedral prism whose pidelong edges are parallel to the * axis and one of the crttts sections
coincides with the oriented triangle. Then 6+ is the angle between the normals to the planes adjacent to the
edge ft. The angles fPi are shown in £Tig $A .
In particular, if a = fi = 7 » 0, we get 0X = $2 =* *$ = */2.

cO "1+(-!)<*»-' 1 IE±k
Co060 *(-l) (17)

Equations (12)-(17) are valid, if S2 > 0.

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A=*+i

/,=»++

Fig. 8.1. Geometric interpretation of the parameter* in the asymptotic relation Eq. 8.9(12).

More accurate expressions valid not only for S 3 > 0 but also if S2 < 0 or S2 » 0 were obtained by Schulten
and Gordon [140]. In the case of S2 > Q they derived

f cos n 0 i4»(-Z).- sinfi 0 B»(-Z), if fl - 0 0 < 0,

X (18a)
1 cos Q0Bi{-Z) - sin flbAt(-2), if 0 - n 0 > 0 ,

while for S2 < 0

( cosn 0 i4t(Z)-sinn 0 Bt(Z), if f ) - n o < 0 ,

(18b)
1 cos n 0 Bi(Z) - sin ilQAi{Z\, if 0 - O0 > 0.
In these equations Ai(Z) and Bt(Z) are the Airy functions

z=(||n-no|) ,

fi = 3ih + J2O2 + Js^s —ma<pi.+ m ^ ,

 Clebsch-Gordon Coefficients and 3jm Symbols 267

9\ ' and <p\ ' being determined by the relations

* \w if w/2<Re6i < w,

(0) _ J 0 if 0 < Re 99f- < TT/2 ,

^* ~ \ TT if TT/2 < Re v?i < v.
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8.9.4. Squares of the Clebsch-Gordan Coefficients in the Classical Limit

According to Sec. 8.1.1 the square of a Clebsch-Gordan coefficient represents the probability of the coupling
of two angular momenta j x and j 2 with projections mi and m 2 into the resultant angular momentum j with i
Quantum Theory of Angular Momentum Downloaded from www.worldscientific.com

projection m. On the other hand, the same square is equal to the probability that the momenta j i and j 2
coupled into the momentum j with the projection m have the projections mi and m 2 , respectively. Let us
consider the square of the Clebsch-Gordan coefficients in the classical limit [60].
If the vector j as well as the magnitudes of ji and y2 are given, the possible positions of the end of the
vector j i form a circle (Fig. 8.2). The probability in question is proportional to the length of the circle arc
confined between the planes z = mi and z — m 2 . In the classical limit (for ji,J2,j >• 1) this probability may
be expressed by

(Cy^t**, )2 - n r i - w + J 2 < + y 4 ) + 2 { i l i l + j ! j 2 + j l f )
- ^ m 2 m + j l m i m
" > ' 2 m i m 2 » " * • <M*

Equation (19) is valid only on the average, because if ji, j*z and j are large, even fairly minor relative variations
of these quantities lead to rapid oscillations of the Clebsch-Gordan coefficients (See Eq. 8.9(12)). When
mi = m 2 = m = 0 and j \ -f- y2 — j is even, one has

CS.A0 « ("I)
21+21
-V^i-w x4 + & + J4) + 2(y?;| + Jh2 + Jh2)\
-1
4 (20)

~y

Fig. 8.2. Addition of angular momenta in the classical limit.

 268 Quantum Theory ofAngular Momentum

8.10. ZEROS OF THE VECTOR-ADDITION COEFFICDENTS

A Clebsch-Gordan coefficient C ^ t , and associated Zjm symbol I o_ ) vanish unless triangular conditions
are satisfied (Eqs. 8.1(1) and 8.1(2)). However, there ejrist nontrivial cases when the Clebsch-Gordan coefficients
are equal to sero although the triangular conditions are fulfilled. This leads to some additional selection rules
which forbid the quantum transitions whose amplitudes are proportional to the appropriate Clebsch-Gordan
coefficients. Here we point out the most important relations between the arguments for which the Clebsch-
Gordan coefficients vanish.
(») C$K = 0,ii J s a + b + c in odd;
(b) C2o« = 0,<7~ a e 7 = 0,C^ o _ a = O.if J = 2a + c is odd;
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(c)^7i££U = 0,iijVodd;

(•)CESr-0*f--■.*;
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(f) C£$ = 0 if a(* +1) - 6(6 +1) =* (a - 0)e, in particular

ess;a* o.
(g) CZ»-x = 0 if *(a +1) - e{e + 1) = -(<*,+ 7 )6 p in particular,

Below we list particular Zjm symbols with J = a + b + c<17 which vanish in nontrivial cases. They are
arranged in the order of increasing J and a < b < er Roots of other Zjm symbols may be obtained by the
use of the simplest symmetry properties of the Zjm symbols, concerned with the permutations of momenta
a, b, c and sign changes of the projections a, 0,7 {see Efs. 8.4(5) and 8<4(&))* Hence, any Zjm symbolfromthe
table given below generally represents 12 formally different versions of the $jm symbols or the Clebsch-Gordan
coefficients which are equal to sero. One should bear in mind .that tjke Zjm symbols and the Clebsch-Gordan
coefficients are related by (see Sec. 8.1.2)
1
fab e\ / ^a^b+f fir,

8.11. CONNECTION OP THE CLEBSCH-GORDAN COEFFICIENTS AND THE

Zjm SYMBOLS WITH ANALOGOUS FUNCTIONS OF OTHER AUTHORS

SJl32 Wigner[43j,
;>»imi
Eckart [15],
VanderWaerden [40],
Condon and Shortley [10],
<&*(«»»*) Fock [68],
X[J9rniJi>J2t™i) Boys [59],
C(jm;mim2) Blatt and Weisskopf [7],
mimjtn Biedenharn [115],
C{jiJ2J,mim2) Rose [30],
f Ji h j 1 Yutsis and Bandsaitis [45],
LWll ^*2 m\
I 0iminima | {jxj^jm) - Fano [66].
 Clebsch'Gordan Coefficients and 3jm Symbols 269

J=3 (M1V
\0 0 0/
J=5 /l 2 2\ /3/2 3/2 2 \
\0 0 0/ • \ l / 2 1/2 - 1 / '
/l 3 3\ /2 2 3\ /2 2 3 \ / 2 5/2 5/2\
J= 7
U 0 OJ * \0 0 0/' \1 1 - 2 / * \ - i 1/2 1/2/ *
J - 8 f23 M f3/23 7/
M
\0 2 - 2 / * \ l / 2 1 - 3 / 2 / *
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/I 4 4\ /2 3 4\ /3 3 3\ /3 3 3 \
J
~ 9 Vo o oj* loo or \o o oJ* d i —2j'
/ 2 7/2 7/2\ /5/2 3 7//2\ /5/2 5/2 4 \ /5/2 5/2 4 \
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V - l 1/2 1/2/' \3/2 0 - 3 / 2 / * \ l / 2 1/2 — 1 / ' U/2 3/2 - 3 / *

/ l 5 5\ /2 4 5\ /2 4 5 \ /3 3 5\ /3 3 5 \ /3 3 5 \
J = ll
\0 0 0 / ' VO 0 0 / ' VI 2 - 3 / * \ 0 0 0 / f \ i 1 - 2 / ' \2 2 - 4 / *
/3 4 4\ / 3 4 4\ / 2 9/2 9/2\ /3 7/2 9/2 \ /7/2 7/2 4 \
loooj' V—2 1 1/* V - l 1/2 1/2/' \2 1/2 - 5 / 2 / ' U/2 1/2 - 1 / '
(7/2 7/2 4 \
/7/2 /3/2
/3 9/2 5 \ /5/2 4 9/2^
U/2 3/2 - 3 / * Vl/2 3/2 -2J!/ '* Vl/2
\l/2 33 —7
-7/2J '
/ l 6 6\ /2 5 6\ /3 4 6\ /3 5 5\ / 3 5 5\ /4 4 5\
J = 13
VO 0 0/ * VO 0 0/ ' VO 0 0/ * VO 0 0/ ' V - 2 1 1 / ' VO 0 0/ *
/44 5 \ /4 4 5 \ 11 11/2 11/2N /7/2 9/2 5 \ /7/2 4 11/2 \
VI 1 - 2 / ' \2 2 - 4 / ' V - l 1/2 1/2 / ' U/2 - 1 / 2 - 2 / * U/2 1 - 7 / 2 / '
/ 4 9/2 9/2\ / 4 9/2 9/2\ /7/2 7/2 6 \ /7/2 7/2 6 \ /7/2 7/2 6 \
V-l 1/2 1/2/ ' V-3 3/2 3/2/ * U/2 1/2 - 1 / ' U/2 3/2 - 3 / ' U/2 5/2 - 5 / *
_ / 3 5 6\ /3 5 6 \ /3 5 6 \ /4 4 6 \ /45 5\ M 5 5 \
F
- 1 4 (i _ i oJ' b 1 - 3 / * VI 4 - 5 / ' VO 2 - 2 / * \t 3 —4/* \2 1 - 3 / '
/3 9/2 13/2 \ /5/2 5 13/2 \ /5/2 5 13/2 \ /4 9/2 11/2 \ /3/2 6 13/2 \ /5/2 U/2 6 \
VI 3/2 - 5 / 2 / ' Vl/2 1 - 3 / 2 / ' U/2 3 - 9 / 2 / * VO 7/2 - 7 / 2 / ' U/2 2 - 5 / 2 / ' U/2 1/2 - 2 / '
/ l 7 7\ 12 6 7\ /2 6 7 \ /3 5 7\ /3 6 6\ /3 6 6 \ / 3 6 6\
1
V0 0 0/ 1 V0 0 0/' 1 1 3 - 4 / * VOOO/' VOOOr V0 5 - 5 / f \—2 1 1/*
/4 5 6\ /4 5 6 \ M 4 7\ /4 4 7 \ /44 7 \ /4 4 7 \ /5 5 5\
VO 0 0/ * V3 0 - 3 / * VO 0 0 / VI 1 - 2 / V2 2 - 4 / * U 3 - 6 / f
f f
VO 0 0/ '
/5 5 5 \ /5 5 5 \ / 2 13/2 13/2\ /4 9/2 13/2 \ / 4 11/2 11 /2\ / 4 11/2 U/2\
VI 1 - 2 / * V2 2 - 4 / ' V - l 1/2 1/2/* 13 3 / 2 - 9 / 2 / ' \ - i 1/2 1 / 2 / ' V - 3 3/2 3 / 2 / '
/9/2 5 11/2 \ /9/2 9/2 6 \ /9/2 9/2 6 \ /9/2 9/2 6 \
V3/2 0 - 3 / 2 / * U/2 1/2 — 1 / f V3/2 3/2 - 3 / * U/2 5/2 - 5 / *
/ l 8 8\ /2 7 8\ /3 6 8\ /3 6 8 \ /3 7 7\ / 3 7 7\ /4 5 8\ /4 6 7\
f
""17 VOOO/' 10 0 0/' 10 0 0;' V2 4 - 6 / ' \Q 0 0/ * 1—2 1 1/' U 0 0/ f U 0 0/'
/5 5 7\ /5 5 7 \ /55 7\ /5 5 7 \ /5 6 6\ / 5 6 6\ / 5 6 6\
VO 0 0/ f U 1 - 2 / * U 2 - 4 / ' U 3 - 6 / f U 0 oJ' V-2 1 i)9 V-4 2 2/'
/ 2 15/2 15/2\ /3 13/2 15/2 \ / 4 13/2 13/2X / 4 13/2 13/2\ /5 U/2 13/2 \ /7/2 6 15/2 \
1 1
V - l 1/2 1/2/* V2 3/2 - 7 / 2 / * \ - l 1/2 1 / 2 / V - 3 3/2 3/2 J \2 1/2 - 5 / 2 / * U/2 5 - 1 3 / 2 / *
/9/2 6 13/2\ / 9/2 6 13/2\ /U/2 U/2 6 \ (11/2 U/2 6 \ /it/2 U/2 6 \ /9/2 U/2 7 \
U/2 -5 9/2/' 1-7/2 1 5/2,/' U/2 1 / 2 - 1 / ' U/2 3 / 2 - 3 / ' V5/2 5 / 2 - 5 / ' U/2 1 / 2 - 4 / '
/3/2 15/2 8 \ /9/2 9/2 8 \ /9/2 9/2 8 \ /9/2 9/2 8 \ /9/2 9/2 8 \ /9/2 5 15/2 \
Vl/2 5/2 - 3 / ' U/2 1/2 -1J ' U/2 3/2 - 3 / ' U/2 5/2 - 5 / ' U/2 7/2 - 7 / ' U/2 2 -11/2/ *
 270 Quantum Theory of Angular Momentum

( {-l)~n^2^3iV{j1j2j3imim2m3) - Racah [91],

(_l)-ji+i2+y3y(yj 2 y 3 ) m i m 2 m 3 ) - Fano and Racah [18],
- Landau and Lifshitz [25],
/ ;'i 32. h \ _ jl ji
{-l) ^^ (j\muj2m2ij3mz | 0) - Fano [66],
y mi rr\2 m$ J
X{ji32J3, rnim2m3) - Schwinger [101],
h Mh
{-i) ' U{jlj2mlm2 | h - m3) - Lubarskii [26],
I Uihte) - Sharp [102].
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8.12, A L G E B R A I C TABLES OF THE C L E B S C H - G O R D A N COEFFICIENTS

Below we present tables of algebraic formulas for the Clebsch-Gordan coefficients C^60 w * t n ^ = V ^ J *> 3/2,2,
5/2,3,7/2,4,9/2,5. If 6 = 3,7/2,4,9/2,5, we give C^b0 with p > 0, while C ^ 6 / ? with P < 0 may be obtained
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from the symmetry property

/OfC7 __/ 1 \ a + 6 - c inrC-7

The algebraic tables of the Clebsch-Gordan coefficients are also available in Ref. [10] for 6 = 1/2,1,3/2,2;
in Ref. [121, 125] for 6 = 5/2; in Refs. [117, 130] with 6 = 3; and in Ref. [126] with 6 = 7/2,4,9/2,5.

8.13. N U M E R I C A L TABLES OF THE C L E B S C H - G O R D A N COEFFICIENTS

In Table 8.11 we present numerical values of the Clebsch-Gordan coefficients for a, 6,c < 3. These values
are given in the form of square roots of rational fractions and in decimals. The Clebsch-Gordan coefficients
are separated into groups with respect to the values of c. The arguments a, a, 6,£ for the Clebsch-Gordan
coefficients given in Table 8.11 satisfy the inequalities (a) a > 6, a > 0; (b) a > 0 for a = 6. Other Clebsch-
Gordan coefficients with a, 6, c < 3 may be reduced to those in Table 8.11 by the use of the symmetry properties

U
aab0 - (~~l) ^b0aa ~ l ~ 1 i U
a-ab-0 — ^b-0a-a '

Numerical values of the Clebsch-Gordan coefficients are also given in Refs. [126, 127]. Reference [127]
presents the Clebsch-Gordan coefficients for | < a < 4, | < 6, c < 9/2 in decimals. Reference [126] gives the
Clebsch-Gordan coefficients for ~ < 6 < 6, a = 5,11/2,6 in the form of rational fractions. Numerical values of
the Zjm symbols are also available in Ref. [113].
 Tables 8.1. — 8.10. Algebraic Formulas for the Clebsch-Gordan Coefficients.
Table 8.1. Table 8.2.
aal0

? = i/2 ! = —1/2 c P= l p=o (3 = - l

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a + 1/2 r(c + T - D ( c + if)7/. T (c + t)(c-t) 7A " ( c — If — l ) ( c — Tf)" 'A

*+l L (2c-l)2c J L (2c - 1) c J (2c — 1) 2c j
=
a —1/2
f-c + 7 + 17A r(cH-Tf)(c —Tf + i) nr/. (c + 7 + l ) ( e - 7 ) "72
"L 2c+ 2 J L 2c + 2 J L 2c(c + l) J [c(c + l)]'/> L 2c (c + 1) J
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n —1 nc-T + iKc-n-OT, (c + 7 + 2) (c + 7 + 1)7/.

L (2c + 2) (2c + 3) J L (c + l)(2c + 3) J [ (2c-j-2) ( 2 c + 3)

Table 8.3.
-.C7
f*
3 = 3/2 :i/2 48 = —1/2 §
(c + -r ~ 2) (c + -l)(c + T)l/2
A + 3/2
r
T
_ ]' P 3 (c + T — 1) (c + T) (c — T) 7/»
L (2c - 2) ( 2 c - 1 ) 2c J
•3(c + T ) ( c - T - l ) ( c - T )
(2c —2) (2c —1) 2c
■l"
o + l/2 LT3 (c +(2c
L
7——2) 1) (c
(2c+—1)
if) (c2c— 7 + 1) T/'
( 2 c - 1 ) 2c ( 2 c + 2) J
r c+ 7
- 3 7 + 1 ) [ ( 2 C —l)2c(2c + 2)J
7/, c —7
(c + 3 7 + l) L (2c —1) 2c (2c + 2 ) ]'• I
T3 (c + Tf) (c — T + 1) (c — T + 2)-f/» r c—7+ 1 7/ 2 c+ 7+ 1
a— 1/2 (c "'"
"'" 3"T ") \2C
l_2c (2c
(2c -f- - ( c - 3 7 ) 2c (2c + 2) (2c +
L 2c (2c + 2) (2c + 3) j + 2)2) (2c
(2c -f
+ 3)
3) J
3(c + T + l ) ( c - T + i ) ( c - T + 2)
a—3/2
r ( c - T + l ) ( c - T + 2 ) ( c - T + 3) 7/»
L (2c + 2) (2c + 3) (2c + 4) J (2c 4- 2) (2c + 3) (2c 4 A) I "P i(c + T + l ) ( c + 7 + 2 ) ( c - T + l)
(2c + 2) (2c + 3) (2c + 4) T
Table 8.3. (Cont) Table 8.4. o
rc7
3 = -3/2 <KX20

r(c-T-2)(c-7-l)(c-V 3= 2 .3=1
a + 3/2 [ (2c —2) (2c —1) 2c
r3(c + 7 + l ) ( c - T - l ) ( c - T ) (c + 7 - 3) (c + T - 2) (c + 7 - 1) (c + 7)7/:. (c + 7 - 2 ) ( c + 7 - l ) ( c + 7 ) ( c - 7 )
« + l/2 L ( 2 c - 1 ) 2c ( 2 c + 2)
•3(c + 7 + l)(c + 7 + 2 ) ( c - T ) '
a+ 2 (2c —3) (2c —2) (2c —1) 2c j
(c + 7 - 2 ) ( c + 7 - l ) ( c + 7 ) ( c - 7 + l)1'A
(2c —3)(c —1) (2c — l ) c ?
a—1/2 ,, 9 , f ( c + 7 - l ) ( c + 7) T>
2c (2c + 2) (2c + 3) o+ l -[ (2c — 2) (2c — l ) c ( c + l) -(c - -7 + n1) I ( 2 c _ 2 ) (2c - 1) c (c + 1)J

a - 3/2 . ( 2 c +
"(c + T l)(g + T + 2)(c + T+3)'
+ 2) ( 2 c + 3) ( 2 c + 4) ,
T3 (c + 7 - 1) (c + 7) (c - 7 + 1) (c - 7 + 2)l'Aj
(1 - 27) r_i ; i ( c + 7 ) ( c - 7 + l) 7A
o L 2 ( 2 c - l ) c ( c + l ) ( 2 c + 3) l ) c ( c + l ) ( 2 c + 3) J
r ( c + 7 ) ( c - f - M ) ( c - T + 2 ) ( c - 7 + 3)7A |_ 2 (2c
(c-7 + l)(c-7+2)
o—l L c(c + l)(2c + 3)(2c + 4)
( c - 7 + l ) ( c - 7 + 2 ) ( c - 7 + 3 ) ( c - 7 + 4)-
(c
w[;
+ * " L c (c + 1) (2c + 3) (2c + 4)j J"
[-(c+7 + l ) ( c - 7 + l ) ( c - 7 + 2 ) ( c - 7 + 3 7 / ,
o-2 ( 2 c + 2) ( 2 c + 3) ( 2 c + 4) ( 2 c + 5) I (c + l)(2c + 3)(c + 2)(2c + 5) J
 Table 8.4. (Cbnt.)

1= 0 p= -l p — 2

r 3(c + 7 - l ) ( c + t)(c-t-i){e—i) r(c4-T)(c-7-2)(c-T-l)(c-7n/, (c - -3)(c-T-2)(c-f-l)(c-T)7/.

a+ 2 L ( 2 c - 3 ) (2c — 2) (2c — l ) c ]" L (2c-3)(c-l)(2c-l)c J
T
(2c — 3) (2c — 2) (2c — 1) 2c J"
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f 3(C+T)(C- ) II, :
T (c + T + l ) ( c - 1 T - 2 ) ( c - - t - l ) ( c - T ) 7 / .
a+1 T
L ( c - l ) ( 2 c - l ) c ( c + l)J (C + 2 T 4 - 1 ) L ( 2 C - 2 ) ( 2ic
,
— l ) c ( c + l) (2c — 2) (2c — l ) c ( c + l) J
31(2-C(C+1) 3(e4-T4-l)(c-1f)
:
3(c + T 4 - l ) ( c 4 - T + 2 ) ( c - T - l ) ( c - i f ) 7 / »
(2T + «»[■ 2 (2c - 1) c (c + 1) (2c + 3) 2 (2c — l ) c ( c + l ) ( 2 c + 3) J
[ ( 2 e - l ) e ( e + l)(2c + 3)],/»
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r3(c + 7 + l ) ( c - 7 + l ) 7 / , (c + T + l ) ( e + T + 2) 7/. r(c + T + l ) ( c + T + 2)(< + T + 3 ) ( c - 7 ) 7 / '

a-\ -(c-27)
T f L c ( c + l ) ( 2 c + 3)(c + 2)J c ( c + i ) ( 2 c + 3)(2c+4)J L c (c + 1) ( 2 c + 3 ) ( 2 c + 4) J
'3(e + T + l)(c + T + 2 ) ( c - T + l ) ( c - T + 2 ) - r / . (c + 7 + l ) ( c + 7 + 2 ) ( c + 7 + 3 ) ( c - 7 + l)7/: • ( c + 7 + l ) ( c + 7 + 2)(c + 7 + 3)(c + T + 4 ) 7 / ,
(c + 1) (2c + 3) (2c + 4 ) (2c + 5) J ( c + l ) ( 2 c + 3)(c f 2 ) ( 2 c + 5 ) (2c + 2) (2c + 3) (2c + 4) (2c + 5) J

Table 8.5.
Ccys

p = 5/2 R=3/2 ?
(c + T) ! (2c - 5) ! f - 5 ( c + T ) l ( c - T ) ( 2 c - 5 ) l 7/. 3
a+5/2
L(c + T f - 5 ) ! ( 2 c ) ! I" I (c + f - 4 ) ! ( 2 c ) ! J
a + 3/2 p(c - - T ) l ( c - T + l ) ( 2 c + l ) ( 2 c - 4)17/,
(c + T - 4 ) ! ( 2 c + 2 ) !
1; « M J (c + - t )!(2c + l ) ( 2 c - 4)!
-(.)c - 5 7 + 3) [
(c + 7 - 3 ) ! ( 2 c + 2 ) ! ]" I
a+1/2

a-1/2
1 0 ( c + ^ ! ( e - T + 2)l(2c + l ) ( 2 c - 3 ) !
(c + T - 3 ) l ( c - T f ) ! ( 2 c + 3 ) !
HO (c + 7)! (c - 7 + 3) 1 (2c + 1) (2c - 2) 17/.
I" ( c - 5 T + 4)[
„ f2 (c + T) I (c - T + 1) (2c + 1) (2c - 3) I
( c + 7 _ 2 ) ! ( 2 c + 3)l
„ , r 2 ( c + - r ) ( c - 7 + 2)l(2c + l ) ( 2 c - 2 ) i
I (c + 1 f - 2 ) ! ( c - T ) l ( 2 c + 4)l (c +- 5T — 3) (_ ( c _ 7 ) | ( 2 c + 4)! .
•5(C + K ) ( C - T + 4)I(2C + 1)(2C-1)1 , 0 , , , r (c - -r + 3) I (2c + 1) (2c - 1) ! 7/, 3
a —3/2
( c - 7 ) ! ( 2 c + 5)l ~(3C + 57) L (c—,)!(2c+5)l J
[ - ( c - 7 + 5) I (2c 4 1 ) 1 7 / ,
a —5/2 p (c + -r +1) (c - -r + 4) 1 (2c +1) 17/,
"L ( < = - f ) ! ( 2 c + 6 ) ! J
L (c_ 7 )!(2c + 6)! J
{3 = 1/2 P = — 1/2

a+5/2
.
' 10(c + - r ) l ( c - - r ) ! ( 2 c - 5 ) l
.(c + 7 - 3 ) ! ( c - 7 - 2 ) ! ( 2 c ) l
. , lx f2 (c + T) ' (c - T) (2c + 1 ) (2c - 4 ) 17/,
I" f 10(c + - r ) ! ( c - - r ) ! ( 2 c - 5 ) ! 7/.
L(c + t - 2 ) ! ( c - T - 3 ) ! ( 2 c ) l J
2 (c + 7) (c - 7) ! (2c + 1) (2c - 4) 17/,
a + 3/2
(c-sT+l)|_ (c + T _ 2 ) | ( 2 c + 2 ) ! J
e 3
(c + 5T + l)
[?
(c - 7 - 2) ! (2c + 2)! ]"
a + 1/2 2(3 T (2 7 -i)-(, + T -i)(, + T + i) ) p+^^+y;f -- )'j' 9 / Q 10 +
2{3Tf(2t J . 11
l) — (#c — 7 — l4w
) ( c — i +• 1)}^
.»r(c-T)(2c 4
(2e
+ 3)
D(2c-3)»7/«
| J
(c + 7 + 1) (2c 4 1) ( 2 c - 2 ) 17/,
a—1/2 _2 {37 (2T - „ - (c - T, (c - T+2), [(c-if+(12(2c)c(2+ ;|4))1! !)(2c-2)T 2{37(27 + l ) - ( c + 7)(c + 7 + 2 ) ) [
<2* + 4)t J
fl-3/2 f 2 (c + 7 + 1) (c - 7 + 2) I (2c + 1) (2c - 1) ill, , r 2 ( c + T + 2 ) l ( c - 7 + l)(2c + l ) ( 2 c - l ) l 7 / ,
(c + 5-r)
(c - 7) I (2c + 5) ! ( C - 5 T )
L (C + 7 ) I ( 2 C + 5 ) I J
10 (c + 7 + 2) I (c - 7 + 3) I (2c + 1) I 7/, [
a - 5/2
( f + T ) l ( c - T ) ! ( 2 c + 6)l 1" [
K, ( c 4. , 4. 3) 1 ( C - 7 + 2) ! ( 2 c + 1)17/.
(c + T)!(c-T)l(2c + 6)l
 Table 8.5. (Com.)

3= -3/2 p = —5/2

I- 55(c
(c + T^(c-i)l
) ( c - T ) l ( 2 e(2c-5)
- 5 ) l "]/. (c - - r ) l ( 2 c - 5 ) !
L ( c _-,_4)!(2c)!
r , „,f (c - 7) i (2c 4-1) ( 2 c - 4 ) I -T/.
J L(c-T-5)!(2c) ?
5 ( c H - f + l ) ( c — 7)! (2c 4-1) (2c — 4) I r/>
by 114.45.200.106 on 07/02/23. Re-use and distribution is strictly not permitted, except for Open Access articles.

(3c "T . d ) [ (c-T_3)l(2c+2)l J L ( c - 7 - 4 ) ! ( 2 c + 2)l J

2 (c + 7 + 1) (c — r ) i ( 2 c + 1) (2c - 3]_!7/, 10 (c 4- 7 4- 2) 1 (c — 7) ! (2c 4-1) (2c — 3) I 7/.
(c + 5-r + 4 ) [ ( c - T - 2 ) l ( 2 c + 3)l (c + T ) l ( c - T - 3 ) l ( 2 c + 3)l
Quantum Theory of Angular Momentum Downloaded from www.worldscientific.com

2 (c + 7 + 2) I (c - 7) (2c + 1) (2c 2)_!_7/, 10 (c 4- 7 4- 3) ! (c — 7) ! (2c 4-1) (2c — 2) 1

_(c_5-[_3)[- (c + 7 ) ! ( 2 c + 4 ) ! (c + 7 ) l ( c - T - 2 ) ! ( 2 c + 4)l ]"
(c + T + 3)l(2c + l ) ( 2 c - l ) l r5(c + T + 4 ) » ( e - 7 ) ( 2 c + l ) ( 2 e - l ) 17/.
-(3c-t> 7 )[_ ((c ! ( 2 c ++55) )! !
+TT))l(2e
c + J (c 4- T) ! (2c 4- 5) ! T
-[
5 (c + T + 4 ) l ( c - f + l) (2c -f 1) I7/,
(e + T )!(2c + 6)l
(c 4 - 7 + 5)1 (2c 4-1)!
. (c 4- T) ! (2c 4- 6) ! r
3
Table 8.6.
r c7
ae*30

B= 3 »-• 3

(c + i f ) l ( 2 c - 6 ) l 6 (c + )l(c-7)(2c-6)t7/.
]"
7
L'(c4-i-6)r(2c)r [ (c + f-5)!(2c)l
o

-[
6(e + 7 ) ! ( c - 7 + l)(2e + l ) ( 2 c - 5 ) l
(c + -r - 5) ! (2c + 2) 1 I" ■? n, <w x 9\ f(c (c
+47 -) 7l ()2! c( 2+c +l ) 1)
~i(ic-di-Y*)y ( c + T _ 4 ) | ( 2 c + 2 ) ! J
( 2(c2- c - 5 ) ! 7/,

(c- ■ 7 ) l ( c - 7 + 2)!(2c + l ) ( 2 c - 4 ) l
(c+Tf-4)!(c--,)!(2c4-3)l
5(c + 7 ) » ( c - 7 + 3 ) l ( 2 c + l ) ( 2 c - 3 ) l 7 / ,
(c - 3 7 4
, ,
ri10 (c 4- 7 ) ' - ( c - 7 + 1) (2c 4-1) (2c — 4) ! 1'A
3>|_- (c 4- 7 - 3)! (2c 4- 3)1
,, f30 (c + 7) ! (c - 7 + 2) I (2c 4-1) (2c - 3) 17/.
r
-[ (c + T - 3 ) l ( c - 7 ) l ( 2 e + 4)l
15 (c 4-7) I ( c - 7 + 4 ) ! (2c 4 - D ( 2 c - 2 ) 17/,
J ^(7-l)[ { e + T _ 2 ) | ( c - T ) l ( 2 c + 4)l J
„, piO (c + 7) (c ~ 7 + 3 ) ' (2c 4-1) (2c - 2) 1
(c + 7 - 2 ) l ( e - 7 ) l ( 2 e + 5)l J -(c +37-2)[ ( c - 7 ) I (2c+5) I ]"
6 ( c 4 - t ) ( c - 7 + 5 ) l ( 2 c 4 : l ) (2c - 1) I II, 2 (2c + 3.) p - T + *>'(2c-M)(2c-l)17/.
-[ ( c - 7 ) ! ( 2 c + 6)l
r ( c - 7 4-6)1 (2c 4-1)17/,
-]" I (Ic 4- 37) L (c_ 7 ) | (2c 4- 6) I J
-6 (c + 7 + 1) (c - T + 5) I (2c + 1) 17A
L (c-7)!(2c4-7)l -T ( c - T ) l (2c 4-7) I ■T
 Table 8.6. (Cont.)

?= 1 p=o
by 114.45.200.106 on 07/02/23. Re-use and distribution is strictly not permitted, except for Open Access articles.

f 15(c + 7 ) l ( c - T ) l ( 2 c - 6 ) l IV, f 5(c + - T ) l ( c - 7 ) l ( 2 c - 6 ) l 7/,

a+3 L(c + 7 - 4 ) l ( c - 7 - 2 ) ! ( 2 c ) l J J
L(c + - r - 3 ) l ( c - Y - 3 ) ! ( 2 c ) l J
r J0(c + 7)1 ( c - 7 ) (2c + l ) ( 2 c - 5)1 7/, r30(c + T)'(c-T)M2c + l ) ( 2 c - 5 ) l 7 / .
a+ 2 (c-^ + l^ (c + T — 3) ! (2c + 2) f J T
L (C + T - 2 ) I ( C - T - 2 ) ! ( 2 C + 2 ) I J
Quantum Theory of Angular Momentum Downloaded from www.worldscientific.com

9// «w J _ « - . , f 3 (c 4-1f) (c - If) (2c + 1) ( 2 c - 4 ) ! 7 / .

«+ 1 -,.. - „ t . + ■. + .<,-■»* - 3„) [<^>'1%+ g » - «' - 2 {(c - 1) (c 4-1) - 5T,2} [_ (2c~+3jl J

a 2{c(c4-i)-5T(7-l)~-/L ■>F•3 (e + 7) (c - 7( 2+c +1)4)(2cI + l)(2c - 3) If/.!

2
J -4 {3c(c4-l) -5 *-1}[-
(2c 4-1) (2c — 3)1
T
(2c 4 - 4 ) ! •1" T

3 (c 4- T + 1) (c - f 4-1) (2c 4- 1) (2c - 2) 17/,

a —1
_, (I+2 ,, c _ 5 ,_ 5 , T -„ |2l+ 3 t+2|| ["-^;f;t','^- "J1 2 {(c 4-1)2 — 5f2— 1 '[ (2c + 5) !

a-2 -(« + 3*)[:10 (c + 7

15 (c 4
+ 1) (c - -i + 3) I (2c + 1) (2c - 1) 17/,
( c - T ) ! ( 2 e + 6)l
+ 2) I (c - T 4 4) I (2c + 1) I 7/'
T *,[
30 (c 4-7 + 2 ) ! (c - 7 4- 2) I (2c 4-1) (2c - 1) I
(c + T ) l ( c - 7 ) l ( 2 e + 6)l 1" 3
o—3
7

(c + 1 f )!(c- 7 )!(2c + 7)! T A 5 ( c 4 - - r + 3 ) ! ( c - 7 4 - 3 ) l ( 2 c + 1)1

(e + 7 ) l ( c - T ) l ( 2 c + 7)l ]" 8
Table 8.7.
C
aa
P = 7/2 P = 5/2
3
r(c4--r)i(2c-7)|-f/, 7(c4-T)l(c-7)(2c-7)l
a + 7/2
L(c4-t-7)!(2c)! J [ (c + 7 - 6 ) l ( 2 c ) l ]"
7 (C + T) l ( c _ T 4 - 1 ) ( 2 c 4 - 1 ) ( 2 c - 6 ) 17/, « n 1_ n T (c + 7 ) I (2c 4-1) ( 2 c - 6 ) I -}'■
a + 5/2
-[2 i ( c 4 - (c4.1(_6)!(2c4-2)l - ( & c - 7 7 + t>)[ (c + 7 _ 5 ) | ( 2 c 4 - 2 ) l

a + 3/2
T)|(c-T4-2)l(2c4-l)(2c-5)l
(c4-7-5)l(c-7)l(2c4-3)l r «
(3c
7 . m f 3(c4-^l(c--r4-l)(2c4-l)(2c-5)17/,
_774-8)|_ (c4-7-4)!(2c4-3)l J

a + 1/2

a-1/2
r35(c4-T)'(c-T + 3)l(2c4-l)(2c-4)l
L (c4-1f-4)l(c-1)l(2c4-4)!
35 (c 4- 7) I (c — 7 + 4) 1 (2c 4- l)(2c - 3 ) I
r ~( 77 + S,
L
[-5(c4-7)'(c-T4-2)!(2<4-l)(2c-4)l7/,
( c 4 - 7 - 3 ) ! ( c - 7 ) ! ( 2 c 4-4)1
m T 5 ( c 4-7) I ( c - 7 + 3) I (2c4-1) ( 2 c - 3 ) 17/'
J

(c4-7-3)l(c-7)l(2c4-5)l - ( c 4- 77 - 8) J ( c 4 - 7 - 2 ) l ( c - T ) l ( 2 c + 5)1 J

« — 3/2

a —5/2
-[
21 (c 4- 7) I (c — 7 -f 5) I (2c 4- l)(2c — 2) I
(c4-7-2)l(c-7)l(2c4-6)l
7(c4 7)(e-7-l-6)l(2<;4-l)(2c-l)l7/'
r ,o„ ,
(3C + ?lf
7
- 5)
«r 3(c47)(c-744)l(2c4-l)(2c-2)l
L (c- 7 )l(2c + 0)l
, « , , . , r (c - 7 4-5) 1 (2c 4-1) ( 2 c - 1 ) I-[■/,
7/.
J
(c-T)l(2c4-7)l J _ ( 5 C + ?7)
L (c-7)!(2c + 7)l J
r(c-7 + 7) I (2c + 1) I r7(c474-l)(c-74-6)l(2c41)l7/'
a —7/2
L (o-D I (2c 4- 8) I -]" L ( c - 7 ) ! (2c 4-8)1 J
 Table 8.7. (Cont.)

p = 3/2

■
[ (c21+(c +f -7)5 )' !(g( c- - T)f - I2(2c) ! (- 2 7) )1il"7/,
C
by 114.45.200.106 on 07/02/23. Re-use and distribution is strictly not permitted, except for Open Access articles.

,,„ 7. 1 i>f 3(g + - r ) ' ( c - t ) ( 2 c 4 D ( 2 c - 6 ) i 7/,

-(3c - 7T + 3)L (c + Y _4)|(2c + 2)! J
( e + T ) l ( 2 c + l ) ( 2 c - 5 ) l 1'/.
{{c _ 7 t 4- 12) (e - 3-r + 1) - 87 (c - 2)} [-
(c + f - 3 ) ! ( 2 c + 3)! •T
Quantum Theory of Angular Momentum Downloaded from www.worldscientific.com

// 7 . ,w . Q^ . * 19 » r i 5 ( c + T ) l ( c - - r + l ) ( 2 c + l)(2c-4)lT-A
< ( c - 7 T + 2 ) ( c + l f - 3 ) + 4 1 f ( 2 c - 3 ) }u[ ( c + 7 - 2 ) I (2c + 4) I J

tt . 1 ,w . ,» / ,9 , r „ f 15(c + - y ) ( c - T + 2 ) ! ( 2 c + l ) ( 2 c - 3 ) ! 1 V ,
- { ( c + 7 7 - i ) ( c - T r + 4 ) - 4 7 ( 2 e + 5)}[ (( ec_- fT )) ! (| 2 c ++ 5 )
( 2c |
5)! J"

3»P
f3 (c + f + 1) (e - T + 4) I (2c + 1) (2c - 1) I 7/,
-I'
(3c + 7-j) o
L ( c - T ) ! ( 2 c + 7)l J
-21(C + T + 2)I(C-T+5)I(2C+1)I7/» I
(C + 7 ) I ( C - T ) I ( 2 C + 8 ) ! I" 9

ft
p = l/2
Si,

35 (C -+- 7) ' (c — f ) t (2c — 7) 1 7 / ,

[ (c + _4)|(c-T-3)!(2c)!.
Y •]" O
r 5 (c + T) Mc — 7) l(2c + l ) ( 2 c - 6 ) I f / ,
_ ( c - 7 T + l ) L (c+ 7 _ 3 ) | ( c _ 7 _ 2 ) ! ( 2 c 4 - 2 ) ! J
T 15 (c 4-f) I (c — Y) (2c 4-1) (2c — 5) ! 7/.
-{(e-7lr+l)(e4T-2)+4T(2c-3))[ V+-r-2)l(2e + 3)l ~J
(3 (c - 5, 4- 2) | ( c + 1) (c - 1) - 5tf - 10, (4* - 1)} [ i H . l ) ( 2 c 4 - l ) ( 2 c - 4 ) .■'
7 /]",
(2c 4-4) I
,3,« + 5, - 1 , |(« + » . - Srt +10, W - . ) , [ " - 1 + ', ) 2 f + t > '| )12 '- 3 "]'-
.«.+„„ - , + 3, - 4, *+.„ p±l±^r^g^tflO=ai]*
tr5(c + T + 2 ) l ( c - T + 3)l(2e + l ) ( 2 c - l ) l 7 / .
~(C + 7lf)
L (e + 7 ) l ( e - T ) » ( 2 c + 7)l
L
J"
c35 (c 4-T 4-3) l ( c - 7 4 - 4 ) I (2c 4-1)1 7/,
(e + 7 ) l ( c - T ) l ( 2 c + 8)l I"
 Table 8.8. ON

Ccy
aa40
P= 4
by 114.45.200.106 on 07/02/23. Re-use and distribution is strictly not permitted, except for Open Access articles.

r(c + T ) ! ( 2 c - 8 ) l ,X2(c + T ) t ( c - T ) ( 2 c - 8 ) l 7 / '

a+ 4 L(c + 7 - 8 ) l ( 2 c ) l ■I" *L (c + T-7)l(2c)l J
a-f 3 _ [.
2
2(c + f ) l ( c - T - f l ) ( 2 c + l ) ( 2 c - 7 ) l 7/,
( c + 7 _ 7 ) | ( 2 e + 2)l ]" -2(3c-4 T +3)[-
(C+T)I(2C+1)(2C-7)I
(c + 7 - 6 ) ! ( 2 c + 2)l J
7/'
Quantum Theory of Angular Momentum Downloaded from www.worldscientific.com

r7(c + « r ) l ( e - T + 2)l(2c + l)(2c-6)t-f/. ,9 /, j.«H*^4-T)l(c-T+l)(2C + l)(2c-6)l7/.

a+ 2 L (c + 7 - 6 ) ! ( c - 7 ) l ( 2 c + 3)l J
14(c + - r ) l ( c - T + 3 ) l ( 2 c + l ) ( 2 c - 5 ) l •>(r Aj , n P ( c + 1 f ) l ( c - 7 + 2 ) l ( 2 c + l ) ( 2 c - 5 ) | - T / ,
«+l
-[ (c + T - 5 ) l ( c - 7 ) ! ( 2 c + 4)!
r 70(c + 7 ) l ( c - 7 - f 4)l(2c + l ) ( 2 c - 4 ) l 7/,
J" - Z ( c - 4 7 + 6)|_ ( c + 7 _ 4 ) , !( (c c_-lf)),l (( 22 cc ++ 44)l
35 (c4- 7) I (c — 7 + 3) I (2c -f 1) (2c — 4) 1 7/»
)| J
a L (c + - r - 4 ) l ( c - i f ) l ( 2 C + 5)l J 2(3-2 T )[ (c + T - 3 ) l ( c - 7 ) ! ( 2 c + 5)l J
a-1 -,[. 14 ( c + 7 ) I ( c - 7 4-5) I ( 2 c + D ( 2 c - 3 ) 1
(« + 7 - 3 ) l ( c - T ) l ( 2 c + 6)l I 2(c + 4 7 - 5 )
7 (c + 7) I (c - - r + 4) I (2c + 1 ) (2c-3)1
(c + 7 - 2 ) l ( c - 1 f ) l ( 2 c + 6)l T
7 (e + T) l{c — -r + 6) I (2c -f 1) (2c — 2)! 14(c + - r ) ( c - 7 + 5 ) l ( 2 c + l ) (2c - 2 ) I 7/.
a —2
(c + 7 - 2 ) l ( c - 1 ) ! ( 2 c + 7)l
2(c + 7) (c - 7 + 7) I (2c + 1) (2c—1) HI,
I" -(2C + 4 T - 3 ) ( c - 7 ) I (2c+ 7) I
- 7 + 6)l(2c + l ) ( 2 c - l ) l
e

a-3
-[ ( c - 7 ) l ( 2 c + 8)! 2(3c + <«[^ ( c - 7 ) I (2c+ 8) I ]" IS
r ( c _ T + 8 )!(2c + l)l7/« 2 (c 4- Tf 4-1) (c — 7 + 7)»(2r + 1) I
a —4
. ( c - 7 ) ! ( 2 c + 9)l J ( c - 7 ) ! ( 2 c + 9)! ? i
7(c + 7 ) t ( c - 7 ) l ( 2 c - 8 ) l
a+ 4
'[•
(c + T - 6 ) ! ( c - 7 - 2 ) l ( 2 c ) l J 3
a+ 3

a-f-2 2{2(c-5T + 5 ) ( c - 2 T + l ) - 3 T ( 2 T - 3 ) ) [ / C ^ ; ^ 4 } / / 2 l 2 ; - r j / '

2 , f c , 8 , qwc T . ~ 3 _ f2 _ m r 2 ( C + 7)t(c-74-l)(2c4-l)(2c-5)l7/,
a+ 1 2{(c + 8 7 - 9 ) ( c - 7 - ( - 2 ) - 3 T ( 2 7 - l ) } ^ (c-J-7 —3) I (2c + 4) I J
a 2 He i w . 4 21 lit n n F 10 (« + T) Kc - T + «) I (2c + D (2c - 4) 17/.
- 2 {(c - 1) (c + 2) - 7 (7 - 1)2} L (c + 7 - 2 ) l ( c - 7 ) l ( 2 c + 5 ) l J
a-1 -8, 7-l)-37(27-l))[2(C +
^V-^(2c(^? ) ( 2 C 3 ) 7
2 { ( c + 10)(c + - '] '
a —2 2(2(c + 5 7 - 4 ) ( c 27)-37(27-3))[^-^l);;f[2t;)7()2r2)'r
+
ri4 (c + 7 + 1) (c - 7 + 5) I (2c + 1) (2c - 1) 17/.
a-3
~2 (C
+ 2i)
L ( c - 7 ) l ( 2 c + 8)l J
a-4 r 7 ( c + Tf + 2 ) l ( c - 7 + 6)l(2c + l ) l 7 / .
I (c + 7 ) l ( c - 7 ) ! ( 2 c + 9)l J
 r 14(c + 7 ) l ( c - 7 ) l ( 2 c - 8 ) l 7/,
a-f 4 L(« + T - 5 ) ! ( c - 7 - 3 ) ! ( 2 c ) ! j
o/, r, I t v r 7 ( c + T ) l ( c - 7 ) K 2 c + l ) ( 2 c - 7 ) 1 7 / ,
a+3
by 114.45.200.106 on 07/02/23. Re-use and distribution is strictly not permitted, except for Open Access articles.

- ^ « - 4 7 + i)|_ (c-j- T — 4) I {c — -r — 2) 1 (2c-|- 2) 1 J

a+ 2 m + 1 6 v HWc
-{(2cc + I67 - 11) (c - 7, 4
+ -1)«- 67
r . .(2
/ S .+4 -1)}
m rL 2(c + 7) I ( c_-37 ) ( 2 c + 1 3)!
) (2c-6) J
I TV.
T ( c+ T )!(2c +

a+ i 2{3(c + 7 - 2 ) ( c + 7 + l ) ( c - 4 7 + 2 ) + 2 0 7 ( 2 7 - l ) ( 7 - l ) ) [ ( - ^ ^ I ^ ^
Quantum Theory of Angular Momentum Downloaded from www.worldscientific.com

2 ( 2 T - 1 ) { 3 ( c . 1 ) ( c + 2 ) _ 7 T ( 7 . 1 ) } p^ir)(c-7H-^(2C [ + l) ( 2c-4 ) l J/,

a
(c - 7 + 2 ) I (2c+1) ( 2 c - 3 ) I 7/.
o—l -2 { 3(c-7)(c-7 + 3)(c + 47-l)-207(27-l)(7-l)}[ (C(-ViX2t
c-7)!(2c +
)
Jp" 3) 'l
+ 6)!
in, 2 (c++77++l 1)
) ((cc -—7 7++3)l(2c
3) I (2c++l)(2c-2)l7,
1) (2c — 2) I 7/,
a—2 ( fi,xi,w e 4.,» r ,._, m r2(*
{ ( 2 c - I67 + 13) (c + 7) - 67(27 + 1)}L (c-7)I(2c+7)l J
o—3 0 /(C, +. x,x
T)
r 7 ( c + 7 + 2 ) l ( c - 7 + 4)l(2c + l ) ( 2 c - l ) l 7/,
* * L ( C + 7 ) | ( c - 7 ) l ( 2 c + 8)l J
a-4 ri4(c + 7 + 3 ) l ( c - 7 + 5 ) l ( 2 c + l ) l 7 / ,
~Zl (c + 7 ) K c - 7 ) l ( 2 c + 9 ) l J

p=o
70(c + 7)l(c-7)l(2c-8)l
a+4
[ (c + 7-4)!(c-7-4)l(2c)!]'•
r;35 (c + 7) 1 (c — 7) 1 (2c + 1) (2c — 7) I 7/.
a+ 3
4T[ (c + 7-3)l(c-7-3)!(2c + 2)l J
a+ 2 - 2 {{« - 2) (c + 1) - 77*} [ (c+ 7 _ 2 ) ! ( c - 7 _ 2 ) ! ( 2 c + 3)! J
5 C 2c 5 1
a+i -47(3c»-77^-5)[ ^^ -^%V^ - ) J'
a 2 {3 (c* + 2c - 572) (c2 - 572 - 1) - 1072 (47% - 1)}[ {2°+{£ ^l^***
a-1 , ,„. , ... , , .,r 5(c + 7 + D ( c - 7 + l ) ( 2 c + l ) ( 2 c - 3 ) l
47 {3 (c + 1)2 - 77* - 5} [ (2c+ 6)1
a-2 , , , , „ . « 7 .>ri0(c + 7 + 2)l(c-7 + 2)l(2c + l)(2c-2)l7/,
-2{c(c + 3)-772}|_ (c+ 7) | (c _ T)l(2c+ 7)1 J
35 (c + 7 + 3 ) 1 (c — 7 + 3) 1 (2c + 1) (2c — 1) 1 7/.
a-3 - ^ (c + 7)l(c-7)l(2c+8)l J
a-4 {-70(c+7-M)l(c-7 + 4)l(2c+l)t7/,
L (c + 7)l(c-1f)t(2c + 9)! J
 Table 8.9.
cy 00
Caa±Q9

P = 9/2 p = 7/2
by 114.45.200.106 on 07/02/23. Re-use and distribution is strictly not permitted, except for Open Access articles.

[•(c + t) I (20-9)17/, •(c + K)l(c-if)(2c- _9)j-r/,

a + 9/2 L(c + 7 -9)l(2c)lJ "l ( c + 1 - 8 ) I (2c) I
a + 7/2
-c (c + if) 1 (e — T + 1) (2e + 1) (2e — 8)
(c + 7 - 8 ) l ( 2 c + 2)l T _ ( 7 c _ 9T + 7) r ( c 4 7)K2 C +l)(2c-8)|-T/,
(7c 97+/)|_ Cc + 7 _ 7 ) | ( 2 c + 2 ) ! J
Quantum Theory of Angular Momentum Downloaded from www.worldscientific.com

(c + -r)»(c — 7 H- 2) 1 (2c + 1) (2e — 7)» 2 (5c - 9, + 12) f(c + 7 ) l ( C - 7 + l ) ( 2 c + l ) ( 2 c - 7 ) | - r / ,

a + 5/2 2(5c-97+12)^ (c + 7 _ 6 ) | ( 2 c + 3 ) | J
(e + T - 7 ) l ( c - 7 ) l ( 2 e + 3)l
21 (c + 7) I (c - 7 + 3) 1 (2c + 1) (2c — 6) I r 21(c + 7 ) l ( c - 7 + 2)l(2c + l ) ( 2 c - 6 ) l 7/,
a + 3/2
-t (c + i f - 6 ) ! ( c - . 7 ) ! ( 2 c + 4)l ]"
14 (c + 7 ) | ( c - 7 + 4 ) l ( 2 c + l ) ( 2 c - 5 ) l 7 / ,
—2 ( c - d 7 + &)[ ( c + 7 _ 5 ) | ( c _ 7 ) | ( 2 c + 4)! J
0 , , , f i , f!4(c + 7) I ( c - 7 + 3) 1 (2c + 1) (2c - 5 ) 17/,
a+1/2 (c Ti_1
(0 + 7 - 5 ) 1 ( 0 - 7 ) 1 ( 2 0 + 5 ) 1 'L (c + - 4 ) ! ( c - 7 ) l ( 2 c + 5)l
T J
a-1/2
14(c+7)l(c-7+5)l(2c + l)(2c-4)l
(c + 7 - 4 ) l ( c - 7 ) l ( 2 c + 6)l
I" f 14 (c + 7) 1 (c - 7 + 4) I (2c + 1) (2c - 4) I 7/,
(c + 9 7 - 1 5 ) ^ (c + T _ 3 ) I ( c _ 7 ) | { 2 c + 6 ) | J
10
g

a —3/2 21 (c + 7) 1 (c - 7 + 6) I (2c + 1) (2c — 3) I Jl,

( c + 7 - 3 ) l ( c - 7 ) ! ( 2 c + 7)l
I" ? ,, , qv « f 21(c + 7 ) l ( c - 7 + 5 ) l ( 2 c + l ) ( 2 c - 3 ) l 7/,
^c+37-4)^ (c + 7 _ 2 ) l { c _ 7 ) l ( 2 c + 7 ) | J
(c + 7 ) l ( c - 7 + 7)l(2c + l ) ( 2 c - 2 ) l II, , , « . , Qv _.f(c + 7 ) ( c - 7 + 6 ) l ( 2 c + l ) ( 2 c - 2 ) 1 7 / ,
a —5/2 -[■ (c + 7 - 2 ) ! ( c - 7 ) l ( 2 c + 8)l I" 2 (5C + 9 7
" 7) L ( c - 7 ) ! ( 2 c + 8)l J
(c + T) (c — T + 8) I (2c + 1) (2c — 1) I _ f 7c + * ) r ( C - 7 + 7)l(2c + l ) ( 2 c - l ) l 7 / ,
a -7/2
( c - 7 ) ! ( 2 c + 9)l ]" (?C + 9lf)
L ( c - 7 ) ! ( 2 c + 9)l J
f ( c - 7 + 9)l(2c+l)l , r ( c + T + l ) ( c - 7 + 8)l(2c + l ) lL7 / .
a —9/2
L (c-7)|(2c+10)l ]" d
L (c-7)l(2c+10)l I" 3
3

P = 5/2

(c + 7 ) l ( e - T ) l ( 2 c - 9 ) l
o + 9/2 + 7_7)|(c-7_2)I(2c)l J"
(c + 7)l(c-7)(2c + l ) ( 2 c - 8 ) l
a + 7/2 —2 (5c — 97 + 5)[-
( c + 7 _ 6 ) | ( 2 c + 2)l ]'•
a + 5/2 2((I _ t+ , )w ,_ 16l+151+7 , 2l+1)1 [fe±li%±^ Fi3)^]''
5) I (2c + I
21(c + 7 ) l ( c - 7 + l ) ( 2 c + l ) ( 2 c - 6 ) l 7/.
a + 3/2 2{(c_7+2)(47-5)-7(27-l)}[
( c + 7 _ 4 ) | ( 2 c + 4)l J
a + 1/2 -2{(c-7+3)(c + 3 7 - 5 ) - 3 ( 7 - l ) ( 2 7 - l ) } [
14(c + 7 ) 1 ( c - T + 2)l(2c + l ) ( 2 c - 5 ) l
(c + 7 - 3 ) ! ( c - 7 ) ! ( 2 c + 5)l r
 Table 8.9. (Cont.)
(3 = 5/2

,„,,, ,w„ „ , m oly !U2r ,.,r !4(c + 1t)l(C-Tf + 3)l(2c + l)(2c-4)!T-/,

2{(C + T - 2 ) ( C - 3 T + 6 ) - 3 ( T - 1 ) ( 2 T - 1 ) > L (C + 7 - 2 ) !(c ->,) I (2c + 6) I J
1 1 3
by 114.45.200.106 on 07/02/23. Re-use and distribution is strictly not permitted, except for Open Access articles.

2 ,„ +1 . 1)|4Y - 5)+T , 2T--„,

• »L[ - -* " ^ " p j l ^ " ^ " I"
Quantum Theory of Angular Momentum Downloaded from www.worldscientific.com

2(5c +
(c + -r + l)(c--r + 6)l(2c + l)(2c-l)l7/,
(c- T )l(2e+9)l J
-s[. (c + T)l(c-T)l(2c + 10)l J
(c + T + 2 ) l ( c - 1 + 7)l(2c + l)17A

P = 3/2

£
^
21 (c -f t) 1 (c — i) 1 (2c — 9)! 7/.
(c + f - 6 ) ! ( c - T - 3 ) I ( 2 c ) ! J"
21(c + 7)l(e-f)l(2c + l ) ( 2 c - 8 ) l 7/,
§

5(c-3t + i ) [ (c + f - 5 ) ! ( c - T - 2 ) ! ( 2 c + 2)! J «4

on . « « , » . r- ..... m f 21 (c + t) I (c - f) (2c + 1) (2c - 7) If/.

2{(c-7 + l)(3-4 T ) + T(2t + l)>L (c + 1 _ 4 ) l ( 2 c + 3)! J
T (c 4- -t) ! (2c + 1) (2c — 6) f 7/, 3
2 {(c + 1) (c + 2) (4c - 15) - 217 (c - 7) (2? - 3) - 217 (T - 4)} [ ( J + \ - 3)1 (2e + 4) 1 J o
, T 6(c + T-r)I(c — +l)(2c + l)(2c —5)! 7/,
- 2 {(c i - 4) (c - 7T + 6) - 7T (T - 1) (c - 3T + 4)) [ ^ , ( e l + T 17 ^ / ^ ^ *-J

^((.-i>(.+,,i,+TX-»)-TI(t-i)(.+,T-»^

2 { e (c - 1} (4c + 19) - 21T (2T - 8) (c + T + 1) + 21T (T - 4)) [ <C ~ \ t - ^ " M ~ ^ ' J'
on . MA « . 19 ■ ... |-21 (c +T + l ) ( c - T + 4) I (2c+l) (2e-2)n7.
2 {(c + 1) (4T - 3) + T (2r + 1)) I (c--r)l(2 C + 8).l J
r 21(c + t + 2)l(c--r + 5 ) l ( 2 c + l ) ( 2 c - l ) l 7 / ,
-^(c + 3lf)L (C +
(c + TT)l(«-T)l(2c
)l(c- T )!(2c ++ 9)!
9)! J

i-
: + t + 3)I(c--r + 6)l(2c+l)
(e + T)l(c-7)l(2c + 10)! T
 Table 8.9. (Cont.)
p=l/2

„ r 14(c + 7 ) l ( c - 7 ) l ( 2 c - 9 ) l 7/.
a + 9/2 d
L(c + T - 5 ) l ( c - 7 - 4 ) ! ( 2 c ; ! j
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_ / , _ q, j . n r l 4 < c + ^ | ( c - - y ) ' ( 2 c + l ) ( 2 C - 8 ) ! 7 / ,
a + 7/2 (c »Tf + iJL (c + 7 - 4 ) l ( c - 7 - 3 ) ! ( 2 c + 2)l J
a + 5/2
^((.^-^-,+.l-^ft+.»[y/1%V'^;.,cgV7.rr
Quantum Theory of Angular Momentum Downloaded from www.worldscientific.com

a -I- 3/2
!ll, + ,„(.!|(,.Vh!H¥I,_],+!R,4it±^|Ml^.]'
« + l/2
2 {3 (d - 77* - 4) (c* _ 7T2 _ i) + 2 7 (2c + 5) (3c* - 77* - 5) - 847«) |~ (c + K ) ( ^ + ^ ~ 5 ) ' J '
« — 1/2
-2 {3 (d + 2c - 77* - 3) (ct + 2c - 77*) - 2 7 (2c - 3) (3c« + 6c - 77* - 2) - 8474) [^ <g ~ T + 1>(2tf -h^l) (2c — 4)» J/.
6(c + 7 + l ) ( c - 7 + 2 ) l ( 2 c + l ) ( 2 c - 3 ) l 7/. ! f
/i —3/2 -2{c(c+3)(c + 7 7 - l ) - 7 7 2 ( c + 3 7 - l ) - 7 7 } [ (c - )! (2c + 7) I 7 -I'
« — 5/2 2W ,- 3l+4 ,, c+1-3
,-37 (2 7
1|2l+m [»^^4^L^
(c + 7 ) l ( * - 7 ) ! ((2^
c +8 ;,'^-^j'
8)! a

a — 7/2 (c + 9 7 )[14(c + 7 + 3 ) l ( c - 7 + 4 ) l ( 2 c + l ) ( 2 c - l ) l ■
7/.
T
(e + 7 ) * ( c - 7 ) ! ( 2 c + 9 ) !
a —9/2
-4 14(c + 7 + 4 ) l ( c - 7 + 5)l(2c + l)l T/,
(c + 7)!(c-T)l(2c+10)l J
I
Table 8.10.
cy
CaaS0

P= 5 0= 4

r (c + 7) I (2c - 10)! 7/,

a-f 5 L(c + 7 - 1 0 ) ! ( 2 c ) l J ri-10(c + 7)l(c — 7)(2c-10)l
J"
10(c + 7 ) l ( c - 7 + 1) (2c+1) ( 2 c - 9 ) IT1/, L (c + 7 - 9 ) l ( 2 c ) !
,,, - , Mr(c + 7 )l(2c + l ) ( 2 c - 9 ) l 7 / ,
<i + 4 -[ (c + 7 - 9 ) ! ( 2 c + 2)l J _ 2 (4c - 57 + 4) [ (C + T _ 8 ) ( 2 C + 2)1 J
5 (c + 7) I (c - 7 + 2)! (2c + l)(2c - 8)! 1/, o ,, *. , 7v r2(c + 7 ) l ( c - 7 + l ) ( 2 c + l ) ( 2 c - 8 ) l II,
"+ 3 (c + 7 - 8 ) ! ( e - 7 ) l ( 2 e + 3 ) l J d {6c - 5 7 + 7) |_ ( c + 7 - 7 ) l ( 2 c + 3)I J
30 (c + 7)! (c - 7 + 3) 1 (2c + 1) (2c — 7)! 1/, 4(2.--C. I .»r3(c + 7 ) l ( C - 7 + 2 ) l ( 2 c + l ) ( 2 c - 7 ) 7 / ,
«+2 4(2c 5 7 + 9)L (c + T _ 6 ) , ( c _ T ) l ( 2 c + 4)l J
(^ + Tf~7)!(c-7)!(2c + 4)!
210(c + T) 1 (c - 7 + 4) 1 (2c -+ l)(2c — 6) 1 21* 5v 4- tm r21( C + 7 ) l ( C - T + 3)l(2c + l ) ( 2 c - 6 ) l TV,
a-!- 1 [ (e + 7 _ 6 ) l ( c - 7 ) ! ( 2 c + 5)l -4(c-&7 + 10J ^ ( c + T _ 5 ) ! ( c - 7 ) ( 2 c + 5)l J
r 7(c + 77 ) i ( c - 77++55))ll((22cc++ll))((22cc - 5 ) l II. f70 (c + 7) I (c - 7 + 4) I (2c + 1) (2c - 5)17/,
-6 b (1f
I (c++ 17f _- 5 ) ! ( cc--77))!!((22cc ++ 6)!
(c 6)! J ~ 4L (c + 7 - 4 ) l ( c - 7 ) l ( 2 c + 6)l J
 Clebsch-Gordan Coefficients and 3jm Symbols

— o
CM k- e^ oo XI
<*H
+^
+~ +— ^ + 1 + V)
-p ss ^ CM ,
by 114.45.200.106 on 07/02/23. Re-use and distribution is strictly not permitted, except for Open Access articles.

i O * CM
i^_^ 1 ~~
O
_ +! +|+ sr
+ rL +& + iO f - " l M
CM*

I 00
— H CM
, O
+_
Quantum Theory of Angular Momentum Downloaded from www.worldscientific.com

++ + +
i +! CM *0
+:
I- + £S |— CN
+1 00

+ CM CO CM
C?
CD —.
+
CO
+ o ^1
+ - + #2T *■+ irTl
■JT 2
I + 5+ I
tf CM
2 (4c

>-
+ £ + + til
+ + m H +x
CO,
1.2.+ + fe+ o H
o
CM
I
V)
CM
sj*
CO
1
1 Ti CD
+
«I
l ~ + -P
1
+ col

+ +
i«r +
CM
1
+ i-r- ■
+ sr + $ + sf +
& +
co
1 in
*-
m + ?Io +fi
+ CM
I s?
2 I
CM
QD XI CM!
CO
00 +
;t+i I +
+1 +1 I - +o 5 + ! |_ CM CM,
CM

+ u
± i
+ + + &
CO
CO CO
CO OO*

+
I— cS I CM CM +

H
_ i- CM
+ I
+
t+i
+

*rH CM
^ CM CO *tf ^ m vf
I I
I
«3 «
I I
«
I
«
I
«
+o + O a o
 Table 8.10. (Cont.) 00

p= 2

r30(c+T)l(c-T)l(2c-10)17/,
a+5
L(C + 7-7)!(C-T-3)!(2C)|J
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a+ 4

a+3
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a+2 4 {(c + 2) [2 (c + 67 + 1) (c - 37 + 5) - 25 (c + 1)] 4 30T (72 - 1)) [ <C ( t 4 \ - ^ 1 p i + 7 ) P ' J '

a+1 . 4 { fc + 5 >K. + T -n^iO*-4,-6 T Ce-l, + 1 5 ^

jf «w / _i_« 4 i i " ■ . „ r 2 1 0 ( c 4 l f ) l ( c - 7 + 2 ) l ( 2 C 4 1 ) ( 2 c - 5 ) l 7 / ,
a _ 4 ( T _ l ) { c ( c + l ) - 3 ( 7 t - 2 T + 2)}[_ (c + T _ 2 ) | ( c _ T ) l ( 2 c + 6)i J lO

7(c + 7)(c - 7 + 3) I (2c 4 l)(2c - 4) 17/,

a-1 4 {(C - 4) |(c - 7 4 2)2 - IO72 - 4] 4 &7 (c + 2)2 - 15 (<p 4 57
(c - 7)! (2c 4 7)! J"
a —2 - 4 <(c - 1) |2 (c - 67) (c 4 37 - 4) 4 25c] - 3O7 (72 - 1)) (c — 7 4 4)! (2c 4 1) (2c — 3)! 7/. O

o—3 . 2 U t _ l H c + 1 3 j _8 ) + U, ( 2 ,_ 1 ) ,[yi±I±i^k|±^L'j'.'
a-4 .,, , r r3(c47 + 2)l(c-746)l(2c4D(2c-l)l7
4 ( C + 57, >
L (c + T )l(c- 7 )l(2c + 10)l J
a-5 „f 3 0 ( c 4 7 + 3 ) l ( c - 7 + 7 ) l ( 2 c 4 1 ) l 7 A 3
L (C4K)l(c-7)l(2c4H)! J
2
(3 = 1

210 (c 4 7) 1 (c - 7) ! (2c - 10)! 7/,

a+5
[ ( c 4 7 - 6 ) l ( c - 7 - 4 ) ! ( 2 c ) f]"
,, r . , J 2 1 ( c 4 7 ) ' ( g - t ) ' ( 2 c 4 1 ) ( 2 c - 9 ) l 7/,
a+4 - ^ c - S T - f !)(_ ( c + 1 _ 5 ) | ( c _ 7 _ 3 ) ! ( 2 c 4 2 ) l J

a+3 it _L _i_«w ^ s « <n ,0 „ , f42(c-l- 7) I (e — T) I (2c + D (2c - 8 ) 17/,

- { ( c - f 7 + D ( g + 5 7 - 6 ) - 1 0 7 ( 2 7 - l ) ) [ ( c + T _ 4 ) , ( c _ ^ _ 2 ) 1 ( 2 c 4 3) I J
n (C 4 v) l (C _ -,) (2c 4 1) (2c — 7) !7/«
a+ 2 4 {(c 4 7 - 3 ) (c 4 7 + 1) («-5T + 2) 4 IO7 (7 - 1) & - 1)) [ ( c + \ _ 3 ) | ( 2 c 4 4) | ~J

«+ l 2 {(c 4 1) (e« - 4) (c - 147 - 15) 4 14c7 (c - 27 + 3) (3c 4 37 - 5) - 2 8 7 (5eY + 2) 4 1057 (7 - i) (7s - 7 + 2 » [^ ( t + 7 - ^ 1 (2M-7)? T
r 30 (c 4 7) (g ~ 7 + 1) (2c 4 1) (2c-5) 17/,
- 2 {[c (c 4 1) - 2| [c (c 4 1) - 6] - 77 (7 - 1) [2c (c 4 1) - 37 (7 - 1) - 6]} [: (2c 4 6) I J
 p=a
a—i 2 { c ( c - l ) ( c - f 3)(c4-147 + 1 6 ) - 1 4 ( c - j - l ) 7 ( c ^ - 2 7 - 2 ) ( 3 c - 3 7 + 8)4-287(5c7 4 5 7 - 2 ) 4 -
1 ^.w mi , _ r ( c - f + 2)l(2c + l)(2c-4)n7,
+ 105T(T - 1) (72 - 7 + 2)} I ( c - . T ) | ( 2 e + 7)l J
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7(c + f + l ) ( c - T + 3)l(2c + l)(2c - 3)! 77,

a-2 4 {(c - 7 + 4) (c - 7) (c + 5T - 1) - 10T (7 ~ 1) (2T - !)}.[
( e - 1 ) l ( 2 c + 8)l ]"
_ / f e _ 5, 4. 7 W c _ T> _ 10, (2, - i)) r ^ ( c + T + 2 ) l ( c - i f + f 44))l K( 22cC++l )l ) ( 2 c - 2 ) l 7 / ,
a-3
Quantum Theory of Angular Momentum Downloaded from www.worldscientific.com

-{(c-5lf + 7)(c-T)-iyifW-l))L (c + -T) 1 (c —f)!(2c

-f) I (2c+ 9)l 9) I J
r 2 1 ( c + - r + 3 ) l ( c - - r + 5 ) l ( 2 c + l ) ( 2 c - l ) l 7/,
a-4
-^c-f^L (e + 7 ) l ( c - 7 ) l ( 2 c + 10)l J

a-5 210 (c + 7 + 4) 1 (c — 7 + 6) ! (2c + 1) ! 7/,

(c+7)l(c-7)l(2c+H)l J

1= 0

r 7(c + T ) i ( c - - r ) l ( 2 c - 1 0 ) l 7/,
a+ 5 b
L.((cc 44 -- -- rr -- 55 ) l ( c - T f - 5 ) ! ( 2 c ) l ,J
fi f ' 70
70 (c
(c 44-- f7) ) II(c(c-—7)'(2c
7) I (2c4-1)+ 1)( 2(2c c -—
9 ) 9) ! 7A
!7/;
a+4 bT
L (c + T - 4 ) ! ( c - T - 4 ) ! ( 2 c 4 - 2 ) l J
9„ 9 W , „ . r 3 5 ( c 4 - 7 ) K c - T ) l ( 2 c + l)(2c-8)17A
a+3 -2{(c - 3) (c 4 i) - 97^} [ ( c + ^ _ 3 ) ! ( c _ 1 _ 3 ) , ( 2 c 4 - 3 ) ! J
210 (c 4-7) I (c — 7) I (2c + 1) (2c — 7) 1 7/.
a+2 _47{(c-2)(c+l)-37»-i)[- (c + T _ 2 ) ! ( c _ 7 _ 2 ) ! ( 2 c + . 4 ) £
30 (c 4: t ) ( c — 7) (2c 4-1) (2c - 6) ! 7/»
a+1 2 {(c - 1) (c + 1) (c2 - 14T2 _ 4) 4 21T2 (72 + i)}£. (2c + 5) (

T ( 2 c + 1) (2c — 5)! 7/1

a 47 {5c (c 4- 1) [3c (c + 1) - 1472 - 10] 4- 2l7 2 (372 + 5) + 12} [ (2c 4-
(2c + 6)
6) !! J
30 (c + 7 4. 1) (c - 7 + 1) (2c - H ) (2c - 4) 1 7/.
a-1 - 2 (c (c 4- 2) [(c 4- 1)2 - 1472 - 4] + 2l7 2 (72 + i)} [■
(2c + 7)! J
A / / _L<» Q2 r210(c + T + 2 ) l ( c - T + 2)l(2c + l ) ( 2 c - 3 ) 1 7 / .
a-2 47 { (c 4 3) c - 372 - 1} |_ ! ( c + 7 ) , ( c _ , ) l ( 2 e + 8)| J
„ . , , w n , , r 35 (c + 7 + 3)1 ( C - T 4 - 3 ) l ( 2 c + l ) (2c - 2 ) I 7/,
«-3 2 {(c + 4) c - 972} |_ (c4-7)l(c-7)l(2c4-9)l ~ J

a-4 67 [-70 (c 4- 7 4- 4) 1 (c — 7 + 4) I (2c + 1) (2c — 1) I 7/»

(c + 7 ) l ( c - 7 ) l ( 2 c + 10)l J

a—5
A 7(c4-7 + 5 ) l ( c - 7 + 5 ) l ( 2 c 4 - l ) 1 7 / ,
(c + 7 ) ! ( c - 7 ) l ( 2 c 4 - l l ) l J
 284 Quantum Theory of Angular Momentum

Table 8.11.
Numerical Values of the Oebsch-Gordan Coefficients.

a a b P a a b P
1
0 0 0 0 1 1.000000 5/2 5/2 2 -2 i/v^r 0.577350
1/2 1/2 1/2 -1/2 l/y/I 0.707107 5/2 3/2 2 —1 -2/^3-5 —0.516398
5/2 3/2 2 -2 1JV5T5 G.258199
1 1 1 -1 l/vsr 0.577350
5/2 1/2 2 0 0.447214
i 0 1 0 -1/vT —0.577350 i/vr
by 114.45.200.106 on 07/02/23. Re-use and distribution is strictly not permitted, except for Open Access articles.

5/2 1/2 2 —1 -^2/3T5 —0.365148

3/2 3/2 3/2 —3/2 1/2 0.500000 z^, i

3/2 1/2 3/2 -1/2 -1/2 -0.500000 3 3 5/2 —5/2 V^7 0.534522
3 2 5/2 -3/2 -•5/3T7 —0.487950
2 2 2 -2 1/vT 0.447214
Quantum Theory of Angular Momentum Downloaded from www.worldscientific.com

3 2 5/2 —5/2 i/vTT 0.218218

2 1 2 —1 -1/vT —0.447214
3 1 5/2 -1/2 2/vT^7 0.436436
2 0 2 0 l/Vb 0.447214
3 1 5/2 -3/2 -v^/vTT —0.308607
5/2 5/2 5/2 -5/2 I/V2T3 0.408248 3 0 5/2 1/2 -1/vT -0.377964
5/2 3/2 5/2 -3/2 - l / v ^ —0.408248
5/2 1/2 5/2 -1/2 i / v ^ 0.408248 a a 6 P c
a«*8
«■» * H
3 3 3 -3 1/^7" 0.377964
3 2 3 —2 -i/^r —0.377964 1/2 1/2 1/2 1/2 1 1.000000
3 1 3 —1 1/^7" 0.377964 1/2 1/2 1/2 -1/2 1/v^J 0.707107
3 0 3 0 -1/^/f —0.377964
1 1 0 0 1 1.000000
4
0 0 1 4 A/VWtAA

a a b P
X

1
1 ° 1.000000
i 1 0 1/^" 0.707107
1 1i 1 1 —1 1/^2" 0.707107
1/2 1/2 0 0 1 1.000000 | 1 0 0 0.000000
1°
1 1 1/2 -1/2 ^2/3 0.816497 3/2 3/2 1/2 -1/2 V^3/2 0.866025
1 0 1/2 1/2 -0.577350 3/2 1/2 1 1/2 1/2 -1/2 -0.500000
-1/^3"
3/2 1/2 I i/2 -1/2 1/^2" 0.707107
3/2 3/2 1 —1 1/V/2" 0.707107
3/2 1/2 1 0 -1/^3* —0.577350 3/2 3/2 3/2 -1/2 ^3/2^5 0.547723
3/2 1/2 1 —1 l/v'STa 0.408248 3/2 3/2 3/2 -3/2 3/(2vT) 0.670820
3/2 1/2 3/2 1/2 —^2/5 —0.632456
2 2 3/2 -3/2 •2/5 0.632456
2 3/2 -1/2 3/2 1/2 3/2 -1/2 -1/(2^5") —0.223607
1 —^3/2*75 —0.547723
2 1 3/2 -3/2 1/^2^5 0.316228 2 2 1 ■ —1 ^3/5
1 0.774597
2 0 3/2 1/2 1/v^sT 0.447214 2
11 1 0 ~V^275 —0.547723
 Clebsch-Gordon Coefficients and 3fm Symbols 285

Table 8.11. (Cont.)

2
a

1
a b

1 —1
P

V3/275
r»l«+P

0.547723
L.
3/2
a

3/2 1
b

0
P

>/WI>fc
clX
0.774597
2 0 1 1 I/V2T5 0.316228 3/2 ! 3/2 1 —1 1 v^/v^r I 0.632456
2 0 1 • 0 —V2JS —0.632456 3/2 1/2 1 1 -vT/^5* | —0.632456
2 2 2 -1 l/t/5" 0.447214
3/2 1/2 1 0 1/VIP3 0.258199
2 -2 3/2 1/2 1 -1 2 v^2"/v^3^5 | 0.730297
2 2 0.632456
1
2 1 2 0 —V3J275 —0.547723 2 2 1/2 -1/2 0.894427
by 114.45.200.106 on 07/02/23. Re-use and distribution is strictly not permitted, except for Open Access articles.

2/Y/5"
2 1 2 —i/%^2TS —0.316228 1 1/2 1/2 '-1/vT —0.447214
2
5/2
0
5/2
2
3/2 -3/2
0 0
1/v^
0.000000
0.707107
\i
2
1
0
1/2
1/2
-1/2 vT/vT
1/2 -vT/vT
0.774597
—0.632456
Quantum Theory of Angular Momentum Downloaded from www.worldscientific.com

5/2 3/2 3/2 - 1 / 2 —^3/2^5 —0.547723 2 2 3/2 -1/2 0.632456

5/2 3/2 3/2 —3/2 1/^5" 0.447214 2 2 3/2 -3/2 0.632456
5/2 1/2 3/2 1/2 vT/^vT) 0.387298 2 1 3/2 -v^/^5" —0.632456
5/2 1/2 3/2 - 1 / 2 —V3/2T5 -0.547723 2 1 3/2 -1/2 0 0.000000
5/2 1/2 3/2 —3/2 1/(2 VT) 0.223607 2 1 3/2 -3/2 V^/^5* | 0.632456
2 10 3/2 3/2 1/^5" 0.447214
5/2 5/2 5/2 -3/2 1/vT 0.377964
2 0 3/2 1/2 -1/vT 1 -0.447214
5/2 5/2 5/2 —5/2 0.597614
5/2 3/2 5/2 - 1 / 2 -2vT/v^5^7 —0.478091 5/2 5/2.1 —1 vT/vT 0.816497
5/2 3/2 5/2 —3/2 -3/v^2T577 —0.358569 5/2 3/2 0 -2/vT3 —0.516398
5/2 1/2 5/2 1/2 3/V5T7 ! 0.507093 5/2 3/2 1 | 0.632456
-
5/2 1/2 5/2 -1/2 ii>/2iri 0.119523 5/2 1/2 1 I/V3T5 0.258199

3 3 2 —2 V3/7 0.654654
5/2 1/2 0 -W5 —0.632456
5/2 1/2 —1 1/V5 0.447214
3 2 2 —1 —0.534522
0.377964 5/2 5/2
3 2 2 —2 1/vT
5/2 5/2 2
—1
-2
*W 0.534522
3 1 2 0 V2.3/5.7 0.414039 2vT/v^T7 0.617213
3 1 2 —1 —2 v^/vJTT —0.478091 ; 5/2 3/2 2 0 —2 tfil'/tt —X). 585540
3 1 2 -2 1/^5^7 0.169031 | 5/2 3/2 2 -1 —vT/vTHPir —0.138013
3 0 2 1 —V^/5^7 —0.292770 5/2 3/2 2 -2 4 VJ/V3-5-7 0.552052
3 0 2 0 3/^5^7 0.507093 5/2 1/2 2 1 3/v^5T? 0.507093
5/2 1/2 2 0 —>/2l>/n —0.239046
3 3 3 -2 VJ/(2vT) 0.327327
5/2 1/2 2 -1 —v^5/v^3^7 —0.487950
3 ; 3 3 —3 3/(2 vT) 0.566947
5/2 1/2 2 —2 2/V5T7 0.338062
3 2 3 —1 -v^5"/(2v/f) —0.422577
3 2 3 —2 -1/^7" —0.377964 3 \ 3 3/2 -3/2 2/vT 0.755929
3 1 3 0 j ^IT/vT^ 0.462910 3 j 2 3/2 -1/2 —VJ/vf —0.534522
3 1 3 1 —1 1/(2 vT) 0.188982 3 2 3/2 -3/2 0.534522
3 0 3 0 0 0.000000 1
3 3/2 1/2 2/v^5T7 0.338062
3 1 3/2 -1/2 -2 y/J/y/n —0.585540
a a b j 8 3 1 3/2 -3/2 2/^577 0.338062
0 3/2 -l/v^5T7
3 3/2 —0.169031
1 1 1/2 1 1/2 1 1.000000 3 . 0 3/2 1/2 3/^5^7 0.507093
1 1 1/2 - 1 / 2 l/^r 1 0.577350
3 3 5/2 - 3 / 2 0.462910
1 0 1/2 1/2 \/2/\/z 0.816497
3 3 5/2 —5/2 y/b'/y/Tl 0.597614
3/2
3/2
■3/2
1/2 1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1.000000
1.000000
3
3 J 11 5/2 - 1 / 2
5/2 j —3/2
—0.534522
-0.218218
 286 Quantum Theory of Angular Momentum ,

Table 8.11. (Cont.)

a a ,«+P
b P a a 6 ,8 C
«Zifi
3
3
2
1
5/2 '—5/2
5/2
^HTl 0.487950 1 m: 5/2 3/2 ;
-1/2 vTT^/v^l QL690066
1/2 3/^STT 0.507093 5/2.n '.5/2 ; 3/2 -3/2 y/S/fitf QI.597614
3 1 5/2 i-1/2 —l/^PF7 -rO. 097590 5/2. \ 3/2 3/2 —2 vT/v/3^7 —0L617213
1/2
3 1 5/2 M / 2 -^>/TI>/tn> -T-0.483646 5/2 , 3/2 3/2 -1/2 l/v^2T377 0.154303
3 i 5/2 1—5/2 l/t/Tf 0.267231 -1 5/2" i 3/2 3/2 —3/2 y/zjff 0.654654
3 0 5/2 3/2 -v^/v^TT —0.414039 5/2 1/2 3/2
by 114.45.200.106 on 07/02/23. Re-use and distribution is strictly not permitted, except for Open Access articles.

3/2 .1/1/7 0,377964

3 0 5/2 1/2 2//T7 0.338062 5/2 3/2 1/2 - 5 / ( 2 ••P?) —0,545545

r^
I ,1/2 3/2 -lAST?
" —1/2 —Oil 267261
a a 6 5/2.. 1/2 3/2 -r3/2 3/(2 • f ) 0,566947
Quantum Theory of Angular Momentum Downloaded from www.worldscientific.com

1 5/2 5/2 5/2 -^1/2 ^l{2\fT) 0^422577

1 i 1 l 1.000000
5/2 5/2 -3/2 0i>597614
1 1 1 1/vT 0.707107
-5/2 5/2 5/2 i i-5/2 5/(2 ^3^7) 0,545545
1 1 1 i — 1 0.408248 ,i
5£ i 3/2, 5/2 , 1/2 -3/(2^7") I —0.566947
i 0 1 o W 3 0.816497 1 5/2 i 3/2 5/2 ( ^1/2 -1/^7" \ —0.377964
3/2 3/2 1/2 V2 1 1.000000 3/2 1 5/2 -3/2 l/fc^JTy) 0j, 109109
3/2 3/2 1/2 -ly2 0.500000 5/2 1/2 5/2 0
1/2 */2 01,000000
3/2 ' 1/2 1/2 1/2 ^/2 0.866025 5/2 1/2 5/2 -1/2 —2/vT^7 —01.436436
3/2 1/2 1/2 -1/2 l/V? 0.707107
3/2 1 3/2 j 3/2 | 1/2 1/vT
3
•3 1 "T1 i vT/Vf 0*845154
0.707107 3 2 0 -•5/v^7 -0,487950
3/2 1 3/2 ' 3/2 l/v/f 0.707107 3 , ,2 —1 v^2^5/V3^7
3/2 3/2 3/2 —3/2 0.690066
1/2 0.500000
3/2 3/2 1/2 0 : 3 1 1 l/v^7 0.218218
0.000000
3/2 1/2 3/2 - 1 / 2 1/2 0.500000 3
; 1 0 - 2 vT/v'SI —0.617213
2 2 0 0 1 3 | 1 -1 V2/VT 0,534522
1.000000
2 1 0 0 1 1.000000 . 3 ' ! 0 1 i/VT 0.377964
2 0 0 0 1 1.000000 3 0 0 -Wf —0.654654
2 2 0 0.816497
3 3 2 -1 v^5"/^2T7 0.597614
2 2 —1 1/V3 0.577350 3 3 2 —2 \^5/^2T7 0.597614
2 1 1 -l/vT —0.577350 3 2 2 0 —0.597614
2 1 0 l/v^T3 0.408248 3 2 2 —1 0 0,000000
2 1 —1 1/^2 0.707107 3 2 2 —2 V5"/v^T7 0.597614
2 0 1 -1/V2" —0.707107 3 1 2 1 v^3/v^2T7 0.462910
2 0 0 0 0.000000 3 1 -l/vT
2 0 —0,377964
2 2 2 0 vT/v'f 0.534522 3 1 2 -1 —1/^7 —0.377964
2 2 2 —1 *W 0.654654 3 1 2 —2 v^r/vT^ 0,462910
2 2 2 —2 vr/v'f 0.534522 3 0 2 2 -1/V2T7 —04267261
2 1 2 1 -vT/vf —0.654654 . 3 0 2 1 i v^/v^f 0,534522
2
2
1
1
2
2
0
—1
—l/vTT?
l/v^2T7
—0.267261 3 0 2 1° !° 0.000000
0.267261 3 3 3 —1 Vs/JUTi 0,345033
2 0 2 0 -VT/i/T —0.534522 3 3 3 —2 ■ 5/(2 V3T7) 0^545545
5/2 5/2 1/2 - 1 / 2 vT/vTl 0.912871 3 3 3 —3 5/(2 v ^ ) 0,545545
5/2 j 3/2 1/2 1/2 -\HTT\ —0.408248 3 2 3 0 —y/hlfn -0,487950
5/2 3/2 j 1/2 | - 1 / 2 VI/VJ 0.816497 3 ■2 3 —t -v^/(2vT) -0,422577
5/2 1/2 ' 1/2 1/2 -l/v'J 3 2 3 —2 0 1 0,000000
—0.577350
5/2 1/2 1/2 - 1 / 2 1/V2" 3 1 3 1 v'iT/vT 0,534522
0.707107
 Clebsch-Gordon Coefficients and 3jm Symbols 287

Table 8.11. (Cont.)

L
aab?

1/V/2TFT 0.154303 5/2 3/2 -I/V/2T5T7

—0.327327 5/2 3/2 >/2li!\m
2/v^3 • 7 0.436436 5/2 3/2 3 v/37^2 • 5 • 7:
5/2 1/2 y/3/y/n
5/2 1/2
by 114.45.200.106 on 07/02/23. Re-use and distribution is strictly not permitted, except for Open Access articles.

5/2 1/2 -2 y/2/y/b^l

5/2 1/2 0
3/2 1 1 1 1.000000
5/2 1/2 3 yJzHYlTl
3/2 1 0 ^2/5 0.632456
Quantum Theory of Angular Momentum Downloaded from www.worldscientific.com

3/2 1 1—1 l/v^2T5 0.316228 3 3 1/2 -1/2 \/n/^7"

1/2 1 1 V3?5 0.774597 3 2 1/2 1/2 -1/1/7"
1/2 1 0 v^3/5 0.774597 3 2 1/2 -1/2 v^5/7
1/2 1 —1 v^3/2^5 0.547723 3 1 1/2 1/2 -\/2/7
2 1/2 1/2 1 1.000000 3 1 1/2 -1/2- 2/vT
2 0.447214 3 0 1/2 1/2
1/2 -1/2 l/v^5"
1 1/2 1/2 2/^5" 0.894427
3 3 3/2 -1/2 y/T^I(2y/T)
1 1/2 -1/2 ^2/5 0.632456
3 3 3/2 -3/2 3/(2 \f7)_
0 1/2 1/2 v^3/5 0.774597
3 2 3/2 1/2 -v^5/v^2.7
2 3/2 1/2 2/v/f 0.755929 3 2 3/2 -1/2 l/^sT?
2 3/2 -1/2 0.676123 3 2 3/2 -3/2 y/s/y/T
2 3/2 -3/2 y/I^/yf^l 0.414039 3 1 3/2 3/2 1/3/(2 i/f)
1 3/2 3/2 -^3/7 -0.654654 3 1 3/2 1/2 -fTI(2\/s)
1 3/2 1/2 l/v^5^7 0.169031 3 1 3/2 -1/2 -1/^2-5-7
1 3/2 -1/2 y/bjy/n 0.597614 3 1 3/2 -3/2 31/3/V2T5T7I
1 3/2 -3/2 3V^3"/v^2.5.7 0.621059 3 0 3/2 3/2 3/VFT7
0 3/2 3/2 -3Y2ftfT7 -0.717137 3 0 3/2 1/2 -V2T3/V5T7
0 3/2 1/2 -0.292770
3 3 5/2 -1/2 y/sly/n
5/2 0 0 1 1.000000
1.000000 3 3 5/2 -3/2
3/2 0 0 1
1/2 0 0 1 1.000000 3 3 5/2 -5/2 y/bly/Tl
5/2 0 ^5/7 0.845154 3 2 5/2 1/2 -yJVftTl
3 2 5/2 -1/2 -I/V2T7
5/2 —1 V2/7* 0.534522
3 2 5/2 -3/2 l/y/T^
3/2 1 -V^2/7 -0.534522
3 2 5/2 -5/2 y/b/y/Tl
3/2 0 3/^5^7 0.507093
3 5/2 3/2 y/2ji
3/2 —1 4/V5^7 0.676123
3 5/2 1/2 -1/V/5T7
1/2 1 -4/^5^7 -0.676123
3 -5/2 -1/2 -2VT/V/5T7
1/2 0 1/^5^7 0.169031
3 5/2 -3/2 -1/1/5T7
1/2 —1 3 vT/v^ 0.717137
3 5/2 -5/2 y/2(l
5/2 2 0 0.597614
3 0 5/2 5/2 -yfbly/2 - 3 - 7
5/2 2 —1 0.654654 3 0 5/2 3/2 yJTjyJTTl)
5/2 2 —2 y/J/y/Y^l 0.462910 3 5/2
0 1/2 2 y/IftzTb^il
3/2 2 1 -0.654654
 288 Quantum Theory of Angular Momentum

Table 8.11. (Cont.)

b P1 •>3a+0

3/2 3/2 3/2 1.000000 : 5/2 3/2 5/2 3/2| —2/3 -0.666667
3/2
3/2
3/2
3/2
3/2
1/2
—1/2
1/^2"
i/^T
0.707107
0.447214
;
5/2
5/2 3/2
1
5/2
5/2
1/2 - 1 / ( 2 V3)
-1/2 1/V2.3.5
-0,288675
0^182574
3/2 3/2 —3/2 1/(2 vT) 0.223607 •5/2 3/2 : 5/2 -3/2 7/(2.3\^) 0:521749
1/2 3/2 1/2 ^/v^5 0.774597 5/2 1/2 ! 5/2 1/2 - 2 / ^ 3 7 5 -0*516398
1/2 3/2 -1/2 3/(2 v^) 0.670820 •5/2 1/2 5/2 - 1 / 2 —2/(3 v^") -0,298142
by 114.45.200.106 on 07/02/23. Re-use and distribution is strictly not permitted, except for Open Access articles.

2 1 1 1.000000 3 3 0 0 1 1-P00000
2 0 3 2 0 0 1 UOOOOOO
0.577350 3 1 0 1J000000
1
2 -1 l/yn 0.258199 3 0 0 1 14)00000
Quantum Theory of Angular Momentum Downloaded from www.worldscientific.com

1 1 v^/vT 0.816497 3
3 0 ^/2 0.£66025
1 0 2 N^VJ^ 0.730297 3 3 -1 1/2 0.£00000
1 —1 1/vT 0.447214 3 2 1 -1/2 -0.600000
0 1 vT/vT 0.632456 3 2 0 1/^3" 0.677350
0 0 0.774597 3 2 —1 vT/(2v/3") 0.^45497
3 1 1 -v^/(2v^) -0.IB45497
2 2 1 1/^2" 0.707107
l/v^2 3 1 0 1/(2 y/J) 0.$88675
2 2 0 0.707107
v^/v^JTS 3 1 -1 ' l/VF 0.707107
2 2 i 0.547723
" 3 0 1 -1/V2" -0.1T07107
2 2 2 l/v^2T5 0.316228 3 0 0 0.([)00000
0
1 2 1 0 0.000000
1 2 3 3 2 0 vT/(2v/3") 0.645497
0 1/vT 0.447214
1 2 3 3 2 —1 vT/(2v/3") 0.645497
—1 6.632456
0 2 0 o 0.000000 3 3 2 -2 I/V/2T3 0.408248
2
5/2 1/2 1/2 3 2 1 -0.645497
l 1.000000 3 2
0
2 0 o.dooooo
5/2 1/2 -1/2 l/v/2-3 0.408248 3 2 2 —1 1/2 0.500000
3/2 1/2 1/2 v^/vT^ 0.912871 3 2 2 -2 0.^77350
3/2 1/2 -1/2 0.577350 3 2 2 1/^2.3 0.408248
1/2 1/2 1/2 VJ/y/J 0.816497 3 2 1 -1/2 -0.300000
1/2 1/2 -1/2 1/vT 0.707107 3 2 0 - ^ 3 / ( 2 v^5) -0.387298

5/2 3/2 1/2

3 2 —1 l/v^lTS 0.1B2574
*T/(2 • J ) 0.790569
3 2 -2 0.632456
5/2 3/2 -1/2 N/5"/(2v/3) 0.645497
3 0 2 2 l/v^T 0.5(77350
5/2 3/2 -3/2 1/(2 vT) 0.353553
3 0 2 1 -I/V/2T3T5 -0.182574
3/2 3/2 3/2 -v^3"/(2vT) -0.612372
3 0 2 0 -2/v(T5 -0.546398
3/2 3/2 1/2 1/(2 VT) 0.288675
3/2 3/2 -1/2 7/(2 v^2TI75) 0.639010 3 3 3 0 I/V/2T3 0.408248
3/2 3/2 —3/2 0.547723 3 3 3 -1 1/^3" 0.577350
1/2 3/2 3/2 -l/v/2" -0.707107 3 3 3 -2 i/vT 0.577350
1/2 3/2 1/2 - 1 / ( 2 v/375) -0.129099 3 3 3 -3 1/V2T3 0.408248
1/2 3/2 -1/2 1/^5" 0.447214 3 2 3 1 -l/v^3_ -0.577350
1/2 3/2 2 -0.408248
—3/2 3/(2vT) 0.670820 3 3 0 -1/^2.3
3 2 3 -1 0 O.OQOOOO
5/2 5/2 1/2 v^/(3 \fl) 0.527046 2
3 3 -2 l/v^T5 0.408248
5/2 5/2 —1/2 y/bl{2sft) 0.645497 3 1 3 1 0 0.000000
5/2 5/2 —3/2 0.577350 1 3 0 -i/v/n* -0.408248
-i/v^JTa
5/2 5/2 —5/2
1
vW(2.3) 0.372678 3
II 3
1 • 3
I 3 hi 0
-0.408248
0.000000
 Clebsch -Gordon Coefficients and 3jm Symbols 289

Table 8.12.
Numerical Values of A (abc) for -5- < a, b, c < 5.

a b c 1 A(abc) a b c 1 A (abc)
A (a&c) A(a&c)

1/2 1/2 1 0.408248 2 5/2 5/2 4V3 - 5 - 7 0.243975 10-1

1/2 1 3/2 2^3" 0.288675 2 5/2 7/2 2- 3 V 2 . 5 . 7 0.199205 10-1
1/2 3/2 2 2^5* 0.223607 2 5/2 9/2 2 3V5T7 0.281718- 10-1
by 114.45.200.106 on 07/02/23. Re-use and distribution is strictly not permitted, except for Open Access articles.

1/2 2 5/2 0.182574 3 3 2- 3 V3•5 • 7 0.162650- 10-1

1 2
1/2 5/2 3 V2T3T7 0.154303 I 2 3 4 4 3V5T7 0.140859 10-1
1/2 3 7/2 2vTT7 0.133631 2 3 5 Vs> 3 - 5 7 - 1 1 0.208063 10-1
Quantum Theory of Angular Momentum Downloaded from www.worldscientific.com

1/2 7/2 4 2-3^2" 0.117851 2 7/2 7/2 2 3 V2 • 3 - 5 - 7 0.115011 10-1

1/2 4 9/2 3V2.5 0.105409 2 7/2 9/2 2 •2.3.5.7-11 0.104031 10-1
1/2 9/2 5 V2•5 • 11 0.953463-10-1 2 4 4 2 3V5.7-11 0.849412 10-2
1 1 1 2V^^3 0.204124 2 4 5 4 3^2.5.11 0.794552 10-2
1 1 2 V2♦3 • £ 0.182574 2 9/2 9/2 4 3V3-5-11 0.648749 10-2
1 3/2 3/2 2V3.5 0.129099 2 5 5 3 •2.3.5.11.13 0.508921 10-2
1 3/2 5/2 2^3^ 0.129099 5/2 5/2 3 4 3VIP7 0.140859 20-1
1 2 2 2V2-3 5 0.912871 .10-1 5/2 5/2 4 2-3-5^7" 0.125988 10-1
1 2 3 V3 • 5 -1 0.975900 .10-1 5/2 5/2 5 2 - 3 VfTTT 0.189934 10-1
1 5/2 5/2 V2-3-5-7 0.690066 10-1 5/2 3 7/2 2 3-5V2-7 0.890871 10-2
1 5/2 7/2 2 V^2 • 3 • 7 0.771517 10"1 5/2 3 9/2 2 3^5.7.11 0.849412 10-2
1 3 3 4V^3^7 0.545545 10-1 5/2 7/2 4 2 3V2.5-7-11 0.600625 10-2
1 3 4 2-3^7" 0.629941 io-* 5/2 7/2 5 2- 3 ^ 2 - 5 - 7 - 1 1 0.600625 10-2
1 7/2 7/2 2-3^2^7 0.445435 10-1 5/2 4 9/2 4 3^5.7.11 0.424706 10-2
1 7/2 9/2 2.3^2^5 0.527046 10-1 5/2 9/2 5 4 3 ^ 5 1 1 13 0.311649 10-2
1 4 4 4-3^5" 0.372678 io-i 3 3 4 5 V2 - 3 - 7 0.771517 10-2
1 3
1 4 5 3V5TTT 0.449467 10-1 1 3 3 4 3 5V2-7-11 0.537215 10-2
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1 5 5 2V2.3-5vii 0.275241 10-1 3 7/2 7/2 2 5V2-3-7.il 0.465242 10-2
3/2 3/2 2 2 - 3 V5" 0.745356 10-1 7/2 9/2 2 3 V2- 3- 5- 7-11 0.346771 10-2
1 3
3/2 3/2 3 2V5T7 0.845154 10-1 3 4 4 4 3^2-5-7-11 ■ 0.300312 10-2
3/2 2 5/2 2V3-5 •7 0.487950 10-1 3 4 5 2 3 V5-7-11-13 0.235584 10-2
3/2 2 7/2 2V2-5 7 0.597614 10-1 3 9/2 9/2 4 /3-5-7-11-13 0.204022 10-2
3/2 5/2 3 2V2-3 5-7 0.345033 10-1 ! 3 5 5 4^/ 2 - 3 . 5 - 7 - 1 1 - 1 3 0.144265 10-2
3/2 5/2 4 2-3 vT1 0.445435 10-1 7/2 7/2 4 2 3-5V2-7-11 0.268608 10-2
3/2 3 7/2 2-3 vT 3 - 7 0.257172 10-1 j 7/2 7/2 5 2 3^2-3-7-11-13 0.215058 10-2
3/2 3 9/2 2V2-3 5-7 0.345033 10-1 7/2 4 9/2 2 3 V2.5. 7-11-13 0.166583 10-2
3/2 7/2 4 2 - 3 >/2 5-7 0.199205 10-1 7/2 2 7 V2 - 3 • 5 -11 -13 0.109054 10-2
7/2 5
9/2 5 1
3/2 2V2-3 5-11 0.275241 10-1 4 4 4 3 5V2-7-11-13 0.148997 10-2
3/2 4 9/2 2 - 3 ^2" 5-11 0.158910 10-1 4 0.995526 10-3
4 5 i 4 3.7VH.13
3/2 9/2 5 2.3^3" 5 1 1 0.129750 10-1 4 9/2 9/2 2 3-7 V5-11-13 0.890426 10-3
2 2 2 3 V2 - 5 7 0.398410 10-1 4 5 5 3 5-7 V2-11-13 0.563155 10-3
2

15
2 3 4V2-5 7 0.298807 10-1 9/2 9/2 5 2 3-7V3.5-11.13 0.514088 10-3
2 2 4 3V2-5 7 0.398410-10-1 5 5 8 3-7 V3-11* 13 0.287384-10-3