Metals
Uploaded by
Suraj AgarwalMetals
Uploaded by
Suraj AgarwalIntroduction
Elements can be classified as metals and non metals on the basis of their
properties.
Examples of some metals are: Iron (Fe), Aluminium (Al), Silver (Ag), Copper (Cu).
Examples of some non metals are: Hydrogen (H), Nitrogen (N), Sulphur (S), Oxygen
(O).
Physical properties
Property Metals Non metals
Luster Metals have shining surface They do not have shining
surface. Except Iodine.
Hardness They are generally hard. Except Generally soft. Except diamond,
sodium, lithium and potassium a form of carbon which is
which are soft and can be cut hardest natural substances.
with knife.
State Exist as solids. Except mercury Exists as solid or gaseous.
Except bromine.
Malleability Metals can be beaten into thin Non metals are non malleable.
sheets. Gold and silver are most
malleable metals.
Ductility Metals can be drawn into wires. They are non ductile.
Conductor Metals are good conductor of Non metals are poor conductor
of heat and heat and electricity. Silver and of heat and electricity. Except
electricity copper best conductor of heat. graphite.
Lead and mercury poor
conductor of heat.
Density Generally have high density and Have low density and low
high melting point. Except melting point
sodium and potassium
Sonorous Metals produce a sound on They are not sonorous
striking a hard surface
Oxides Metallic oxides are basic in Non metallic oxides are acidic in
nature nature
Chemical properties of metals
Reactivity series
Iconic compound
The compounds formed by the transfer of electrons from a metal to a non metals
are called iconic compound or electrovalent compound.
Properties of iconic compound:
Physical nature: they are solid and hard generally brittle.
Melting an boiling point: they have high melting and boiling point
Solubility
Extraction of metals from ores
Steps involved in extraction of metals from ores
Corrosion
The surface of some metals gets corroded when they are exposed to moist air for
a long period of time. This is called corrosion.
Examples:
Silver becomes black when exposed to air as it reacts with air to form a
coating of silver sulphide.
Copper reacts with moist carbon dioxide in the air and gains a green coat of
copper carbonate.
Iron when exposed to moist air acquires a coating of a brown flaky substance
called rust.
Prevention of corrosion
The rusting of iron can be prevented by painting, oiling, greasing, galvanizing,
chrome plating, anodizing or making alloys.
Galvanization: it is a method of protecting steel or iron from rusting by
coating them with a thin layer of zinc.
Alloy: an alloy is a homogeneous mixture of two or more metals or a metal
and a non metal.
