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SECTION A: MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS [40 MARKS]

1 A student put exactly 25.00 cm3 of dilute hydrochloric acid into a conical flask. The
student added 2.5 g of solid sodium carbonate and measured the rate of the reaction.
Which apparatus does the student need to use?

1 2 3 4 5

A 1, 3, and 4 B 2, 3, and 5
C 1, 2 and 4 Collecting Gases
D 2,–3
Method
and 4 3
Upward delivery
2 The diagram shows an apparatus to collect a sample of ammonia gas.
This method is used to
collect gases that are
less dense than air
(and soluble in water).

Examples of such
gases:
ammonia.

Which of the following properties of the gas can only be collected by this apparatus?
Copyright © 2006-2011 Marshall Cavendish International (Singapore) Pte. Ltd.

density of gas solubility in water

A same as air insoluble
B denser than air insoluble
C less dense than air soluble
D denser than air soluble

3 The diagram below shows a chromatogram of six different inks, A to F, produced by a

company using different components of dyes.

Solvent flow

How many different component of dyes were used to make these six ink samples?

A 4 B 5 C 6 D 9

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4 The diagram below shows a mixture of two miscible substances Y and Z placed in the
distillation flask. The boiling points of substances Y and Z are 80 C and 98 C respectively.

When the temperature reaches 82 C, at which labelled point will there be the highest
proportion of substance Y?

heat
heat

5 Which two methods can be used to separate a salt from its solution?

1 crystallisation
2 decanting
3 distillation
4 filtration

A 1 and 2 B 1 and 3 C 2 and 3 D 3 and 4

6 The following four statements describe the different arrangement of particles in

substance Y.

1 Particles are moving in all directions

2 Particles are arranged in neat rows.
3 Particles can move past each other.
4 Particles vibrate about their positions.

Which of the four statements describe the arrangement of particles in solid Y?

A 1 and 2 B 2 and 4
C 1 and 3 D 2 only

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7 The relative molecular mass of of methane,CH4, is 16 and the relative molecular mass of
ethane, C2H6, is 30.

Which row describes diffusion and the relative rates of diffusion of methane and ethane?

description of diffusion relative rate of diffusion

A particles move from a high ethane diffuses more quickly than
concentration to a low concentration methane
B particles move from a high methane diffuses more quickly than
concentration to a low concentration ethane
C particles move from a low concentration ethane diffuses more quickly than
to a high concentration methane
D particles move from a low concentration methane diffuses more quickly than
to a high concentration ethane

8 The diagram shows the heating curve of a substance.

Which letter shows that particles in this substance are in liquid state only?
Temperature / C

time
9 The structure of an atom is shown.

Key

7p • = electron
7n n = neutron
p = proton

Which element is represented by the structure?

A nitrogen B oxygen
C phosphorus D titanium

10 Which row describes the structure of the sodium ion?

protons electrons neutrons

A 11 11 12
B 11 10 12
C 17 17 18
D 17 18 18

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11 The diagram below shows elements E and F in the simplified Periodic Table.

second period E
third period F

Periodic Table

Which statement can be deduced correctly about elements E and F based on this
simplified Periodic Table?

A Both have the same number of valence electrons in the outermost shell.
B They share electrons in order to achieve noble gas electronic structure.
C The number of occupied shells in element F is greater than E.
D They give away their electrons in order to achieve noble gas electronic structures.

12 Matter exists as elements, compounds and mixtures.

Which row identifies an element, a compound and a mixture?

element compound mixture

A calcium potassium carbonate sodium chloride
B brass sodium chloride air
C calcium sodium chloride brass
D sodium chloride water potassium carbonate

13 The electronic structures of atoms P and Q are shown.

P and Q form an ionic compound.

What is the formula of the compound?

A QP B QP2 C Q3P2 D Q2P

14 Covalent bonds are formed when electrons are …1…….

Covalent compounds have …..2…. electrical conductivity.

Which words correctly complete gaps 1 and 2?

1 2
A shared high
B shared low
C transferred high
D transferred low

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15 Which statement describes the attractive forces between simple molecules?

A They are strong covalent bonds which hold molecules together.

B They are strong ionic bonds which hold molecules together.
C They are weak forces formed between covalently-bonded molecules.
D They are weak forces which hold ions together in a lattice.

16 Which pair of statements about diamond and graphite is correct?

A Diamond and graphite are both pure carbon. They are both macromolecules.
B Diamond and graphite can both be used as electrodes. Graphite is also used as a
lubricant.
C Diamond has covalent bonds. Graphite has ionic bonds.
D Diamond is hard with a high melting point. Graphite is soft with a low melting point.

17 Which of the following sets of substances contains delocalised electrons?

A Diamond, graphite, iron B Mercury, sodium chloride, iron

C Copper, graphite, mercury D Sodium chloride, diamond, argon

18 Which of the following compounds does not have the empirical formula of CH2?

A C2 H4 B C5H10
C C12H26 D C14H28

19 The structure of a molecule of a compound is shown.

What is the formula of this compound?

A C3 H7 O B C3 H8 O
C C8 H3 O D C8HO3

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20 The equation for the reaction between barium chloride and dilute sulfuric acid is shown.

BaCl2(aq)+ H2SO4(aq)→ BaSO4----+ 2HCl(aq)

Which is the correct state symbol for BaSO4?

A aq B g
C l D s

21 A reaction involving aluminium is shown.

xAl + yO2 + 6H2O → xAl(OH)3

Which values of x and y balance the equation?

x y
A 2 3
B 3 2
C 3 4
D 4 3

22 A compound has the formula CH3CO2H. What is the relative molecular mass, Mr, of
this compound?

A 29 B 96
C 66 D 60

23 Which relative molecular mass, Mr, is not correct for the molecule given?

molecule Mr
A Ammonia, NH3 17
B Carbon dioxide, CO2 44
C Methane, CH4 16
D Oxygen, O2 16

24 How many molecules are there in 15 g of ethane, C2H6, gas?

(Ar of C = 12, Ar of H = 1 ; 1 mol = 6.02 x 1023 particles)

A 0.5 x 1023 B 3.0 x 1023

C 1.8 x 1024 D 9.0 x1023

25 Magnesium burns in oxygen to form magnesium oxide. The equation for the reaction is
shown.
2Mg + O2 → 2MgO

Which mass of magnesium oxide is formed when 48 g of magnesium is burned?

(Ar of Mg = 24, Ar of O = 16)

A 20 g B 40 g C 80 g D 160 g

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26 A compound is found to have the percentage composition by mass: X, 87,5%, Y,12.5%.

What is the empirical formula of this compound? (Ar of X = 28, Ar of Y = 1)

A XY B X2Y
C XY4 D X2Y3

27 Nitrogen and hydrogen react together to make ammonia.

N2 + 3H2 2NH3

If 2.0 g of hydrogen is added to 12.0 g of nitrogen, which substance is the limiting

reactant and how much of the excess reactant remains?
(Ar of H = 1, Ar of N = 14)

limiting Reactant mass of unreacted excess reactant

A nitrogen 2.0 g
B nitrogen 10.0 g
C hydrogen 2.7 g
D hydrogen 9.3 g

28 Methane and steam react in the presence of a catalyst.

CH4(g) + H2O(g) → CO(g) + 3H2(g)

0.5 mol of methane reacts completely with 0.5 mol of steam.

What is the volume of carbon monoxide and hydrogen gas produced, measured at room
temperature and pressure?
(1 mol of gas = 24 dm3)

volume of CO / dm3 volume of H2 / dm3

A 0.5 1.5
B 1.0 3.0
C 12.0 12.0
D 12.0 36.0

29 The equation for the reaction between aqueous lead(II) nitrate and aqueous sodium
chloride is shown.

Pb(NO3)2(aq) + 2NaCl(aq) → PbCl2(s) + 2NaNO3(aq)

100 cm3 of aqueous lead(II) nitrate of concentration 0.1 mol dm-3 is reacted with an
excess of aqueous sodium chloride.

Which mass of lead(II) chloride is obtained?

(Ar of Cl = 35.5, Ar of N= 14, Ar of Na = 23, Ar of O = 16, Ar of Pb = 207)

A 1.16 g B 2.42 g C 2.78 g D 3.31 g

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30 Calcium carbonate is heated. Calcium oxide and carbon dioxide gas are formed. The
equation for the reaction is shown.

CaCO3 → CaO + CO2

225 kg of calcium carbonate is heated until there is no further change in mass. The
actual yield of calcium oxide is 85 kg.
(Mr of CaCO3 = 100, Mr of CaO = 56, Mr of CO2 = 44)

What is the percentage yield?

A 37.8% B 47.2% C 67.5% D 85.0%

31 2.34 g of sodium chloride was dissolved in 250 cm 3 of water.

What is the concentration of the sodium chloride solution in mol dm-3?
(Ar of Cl = 35.5, Ar of Na = 23)

A 0.00900 B 0.160
C 0.585 D 5.85

32 A student was given a sample of hydrochloric acid and asked to find its concentration in
mol dm-3. She titrated 25 cm3 of the acid against a solution of sodium hydroxide of
0.1 mol dm-3. The average titre of sodium hydroxide was 30 cm 3.

HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H2O

What is the concentration of the acid?

A 0.5 mol dm-3 B 0.12 mol dm-3

C 1.25 mol dm-3 D 1.0 mol dm-3

33 Which statements about acids and bases are correct?

1 An acid reacts with a metal to give off hydrogen.

2 A base reacts with an ammonium salt to give off ammonia.
3 An acid reacts with a carbonate to give off carbon dioxide.
4 A base reacts with a metal to give off oxygen.

A 1, 2 and 3 B 1, 2 and 4
C 1, 3 and 4 D 2, 3 and 4

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34 The diagram below shows the pH ranges of three indicators, X, Y and Z.

pH 0 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

X red yellow
Y colourless pink
Z red yellow

The three indicators are mixed together in a beaker.

What pH value of the solutions would only produce yellow colour when it is added to a
mixture of these indicators?

A pH 2 B pH 8 C pH 4 D pH 10

35 The graph shows how the pH of a solution changes as an acid is added to an alkali.

acid + alkali → salt + water

Which letter represents the area of the graph where both acid and salt are present?

36 When dilute sulfuric acid is added to solid X, a colourless solution is formed and a gas is
produced.

What is X?

A copper(II) oxide B sodium oxide

C copper(II) carbonate D sodium carbonate

37 Zinc oxide is an amphoteric oxide.

Which types of substances will react with zinc oxide?

A acids and bases B acids only

C bases only D neither acids nor bases

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38 The oxides of two elements, X and Y, are separately dissolved in water and the pH of
each solution tested.

oxide tested pH of solution

X 1
Y 13

Which information about X and Y is correct?

oxide is acidic oxide is basic metal non-metal

A X Y X Y
B X Y Y X
C Y X X Y
D Y X Y X

39 Which statement describes a weak acid?

A It is a proton acceptor and is fully ionised in aqueous solution.

B It is a proton acceptor and is partially ionised in aqueous solution.
C It is a proton donor and is fully ionised in aqueous solution.
D It is a proton donor and is partially ionised in aqueous solution.

40 The steps below briefly describe how to carry out a titration.

1 Add a few drops of a suitable indicator to the solution.

2 Record the final volume of the acid and repeat to obtain consistent results.
3 Fill the burette with the acid and record the volume.
4 Measure 25 cm3 of the alkali solution into a conical flask.
5 Add the acid to the alkali until the end point is reached.

What is the correct order of steps?

A 1, 3, 4, 5, 2 B 4, 1, 3, 5, 2
C 4, 2, 5, 1, 3 D 3, 1, 5, 2, 4

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SECTION B: STRUCTURED QUESTIONS [60 MARKS]

1 The table below contains the melting and boiling points of five different substances,
P to T.

substance melting point / boiling point / physical state

C C at 25C
P -236 -98
Q -32 143
R 35 120
S 23 95
T 210.4 339

(a) State the physical states of each substance in the table. [5]

(b) Substance S will undergo physical change when the temperature decreases from
25 C to 0 C.

State the physical change.

from .................................................... to ................................................................. [2]

(c) Draw the arrangement of particles of substance P at -224C.

[1]
(d) (i) Sketch the heating curve of substance R when heated from 0 C to 160 C.

160
Temperature / C

120

35

0
time/min

[1]

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(ii) What happens to the melting point and boiling point of substance R when
impurities are present?

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................ [2]

(e) Based on their properties, state a purification method used to separate the
components of the following mixtures.

Q and S ……………………………………………………….………………………………..

S and T ………………………………………………………………..………………………..
[2]

[Total: 13]

2 This question is about sodium and compounds of sodium.

(a) (i) Describe the bonding and structure in sodium metal. You may include a
diagram as part of your answer.

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................ [2]

(ii) Describe how solid sodium conducts electricity.

............................................................................................................................ [1]

(iii) Sodium is in Group I of the Periodic Table.

State one physical property of sodium which is different from the physical
properties of transition elements such as copper.

............................................................................................................................ [1]

(iv) Why are Group I metals are stored in oil in the laboratory?

............................................................................................................................ [1]

(v) Compare the reactivity between sodium and potassium.

............................................................................................................................ [1]

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(b) Some properties of sodium chloride are shown:

• melting point of 801°C
• non-conductor of electricity when solid
• conductor of electricity when molten
• soluble in water.

(i) Name the type of bonding in sodium chloride.

............................................................................................................................ [1]

(ii) Draw a ‘dot and cross’ diagram to show the arrangement of electrons for this
compound. Show the outer electrons only.

Na Cl

[2]
(iii) Explain why sodium chloride conducts electricity when molten.

.................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................ [1]

(iv) Explain why sodium chloride is classified as a compound and not a mixture.

............................................................................................................................ [1]

(c) A student determines the concentration of a solution of dilute sulfuric acid, H2SO4,
by titration with aqueous sodium hydroxide, NaOH.

step 1 25.0 cm3 of 0.200 mol dm-3 NaOH is transferred into a conical flask.
step 2 Three drops of methyl orange indicator are added to the conical flask.
step 3 A burette is filled with H2SO4
step 4 The acid in the burette is added to the conical flask until the indicator
changes colour. The volume of acid is recorded. This process is known as
titration.
step 5 The titration is repeated several times until a suitable number of results is
obtained.

(i) Name the piece of apparatus used to measure exactly 25.0 cm3 of
0.200 mol dm-3 NaOH in step 1.

............................................................................................................................ [1]

(ii) State the colour change of the methyl orange indicator in step 4.

from ....................................................... to ....................................................... [1]

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(iii) Suggest why the experiment is repeated several times.

............................................................................................................................ [1]

(d) 20.0 cm3 of H2SO4 reacts with 25.0 cm3 of 0.200 mol dm-3 NaOH.
The equation for the reaction is shown.

…. H2SO4 + …. NaOH → …. H2SO4 + ….H2O

(i) Complete the equation by adding coefficients to balance the equation. [2]

(ii) Calculate the concentration of H2SO4 using the following steps.

• Calculate the number of moles in 25.0 cm3 of 0.200 mol dm-3 NaOH.

...................................... mol

• Determine the number of moles of H2SO4 that react with the NaOH.

……............................... mol

• Calculate the concentration of H2SO4.

.............................. mol dm-3

[3]

[Total: 19]

3 The table below shows the pH values of five solutions, U to Z.

Solution U V X Y Z
pH 1 7 5 13 9

(a) (i) Which of the solutions is a strong acid?

............................................................................................................................ [1]

(ii) Explain what is meant by a strong acid.

............................................................................................................................ [1]

(b) (i) Name the reaction between solutions X and Z.

............................................................................................................................ [1]

(ii) Write an ionic equation for the reaction between X and Z.

............................................................................................................................ [1]

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(c) (i) Which of the two solutions are alkalis?

............................................................................................................................ [2]

(ii) Identify the ion that is present in the two solutions mentioned in c(i).

............................................................................................................................ [1]

(iii) Define strong alkali. Identify which solution is an example of a strong alkali and
a weak alkali.

Definition: ................................................................................................................

Strong alkali: ...........................................................................................................

Weak alkali: ........................................................................................................ [3]

[Total: 10]

4 (a) Chemical fertilisers are used to improve the quality of the soil. A farmer wishes to
increase the nitrogen level in soil using the minimum mass of fertilisers.
He is recommended with three choices of fertilisers, ammonium nitrate, NH4NO3,
ammonium sulfate, (NH4)2SO4, and sodium nitrate, NaNO3.

By doing the following calculations, determine which fertiliser would be the better one
for the farmer to use.
(Ar of H = 1, Ar of N= 14, Ar of Na = 23, Ar of O = 16, Ar of S = 32)

(i) Calculate the percentage of mass of nitrogen in ammonium nitrate, NH4NO3.

..............................% [1]

(ii) Calculate the percentage of mass of nitrogen in ammonium sulfate, (NH 4)2SO4.

..............................% [1]

(iii) Calculate the percentage of mass of nitrogen in sodium nitrate, NaNO3.

..............................% [1]
(iv) Which fertiliser should the farmer choose?

............................................................................................................................ [1]

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(b) A 11.2 g of hydrocarbon X is found to occupy a volume of 4.8 dm 3 measured at room

temperature and pressure. It contains elements carbon and hydrogen only.
The percentage of carbon by mass is 85.7% and percentage of hydrogen is 14.3%.

(i) Calculate the empirical formula of X.

……………………… [2]

(ii) Calculate the relative molecular mass, Mr, of X.

................................ [2]

(iii) Determine the molecular formula of X.

…………………… [1]

[Total: 9]

5 Sodium superoxide, NaO2, reacts with water according to the following equation.
2.20 g of sodium superoxide was reacted with excess water.

…. NaO2(s) + 2H2O(l) → 4NaOH(aq) + …. O2(g)

(a) Complete the equation by adding coefficients to balance the equation. [2]

(b) Calculate the volume of oxygen gas, O2, produced in the reaction using the following
steps.

(i) Calculate the number of moles of NaO2.

…….............................. mol

(ii) Determine the number of moles of O2.

…….............................. mol

(iii) Calculate the volume of oxygen gas, O2, produced, at room conditions.

….............................. dm3 [3]

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(c) The aqueous solution of NaOH produced in the reaction had a volume of 50 cm3.
Calculate the mass of sodium hydroxide in the solution in gram using the
following steps.

(i) Calculate the number of moles of NaOH produced.

…….............................. mol [1]

(ii) Calculate the mass of NaOH in the 50 cm3 of the solution.

......................................... g [2]

(d) What is the colour change of litmus paper when placed in the alkaline solution of
NaOH?

from............................................................ to .......................................................... [1]

[Total: 9]

-End of Questions-

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