Sample Research Work

Republic of the Philippines
NUEVA ECIJA UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
Gabaldon Campus
Gabaldon Nueva Ecija
EFFECT OF DIFFERENT ANTIBIOTICS AND PROBIOTICS ON THE

PERFORMANCE GROWTH OF BROILERS
MARC JODEN VEGIGA VICENTE

Gabaldon Campus
INTRODUCTION
It is well recognized that Antibiotics and probiotic an important role in the health and
performance of poultry. Antibiotics and probiotic are substances produced by some species of
bacteria and fungi that have the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria, or
microorganisms are minute her ability to counter the growth of other microorganisms, most
notably the microbes that cause avian diseases and antibiotics three uses: therapeutic, preventive,
additive a feed. Antibiotics continue to be used in the poultry industry as growth stimulants and
therapeutic agents. However, due to the fact that continued use of tends to stimulate development
of resistance from harmful micro-organisms, there is currently an outcry from the consumer
society and health sector to band their use as feed additives in animal and poultry feeds.
(Cavazzoni et al, 1998; Jin et al, 1998; Yeo and Kim, 1997; Mohan et al, 1996) prophylactic
(Cavazzoni et al, 1998; Yeo and Kim, 1997) and hypocholesteremic effects (Jin et al, 1998;
Mohanet al, 1996). Probiotic is alive microscopic minutes given certain doses and to increase
the effectiveness of the body, are usually non-existent bowel as an increase in these
neighborhoods over the possibility of digestion and produce immune and reduce the incidence of
certain diseases, and reduce the proportion of blood cholesterol, which materials are often certain
nutrients given to the animal to stimulate beneficial micro flora. Today, probiotics are used as
health supplements in food and feeds and they are replacing the use of antibiotic growth
promoters or chemical supplements. Under the right conditions the claims made for probiotic
preparations can be realized. In recent years, antibiotics have not been a major player in most
poultry company programs. The use of antibiotics, including chlortetracycline as growth
promoters to increase production performance and to decrease mortality, was recommended to
be banned by European Union (Perreten, 2003). This because increases in microbial resistance to
antibiotics and residues in chicken meat products can be harmful to consumers. The control of
infections and enhancement of live performance through a non-antibiotic approach is thus
urgently required. Consequently, several alternatives have been investigated to reduce or replace
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antibiotics. Because of the general problem of increased resistance of bacteria and the decreasing
acceptance of the consumers for Antibacterial Growth
Promoters (AGPs), different substances, referred to as Natural Growth Promoters (NGPs), have
been identified as effective and safe alternatives to AGPs. there is a large number of NGPs
available in the market, including probiotics, prebiotics and immune modulators. Probiotics are
defined as live microbial supplements which beneficially affect the host animal by improving
some beneficial functions in its intestinal microbial balance (Fuller, 1989). They have been used
in poultry management to enhance production performances (Mohan et al., 1996; Yeo and Kim,
1997; Jin et al., 1998), to develop and stimulate the immune response and to reduce mortality.
The use of probiotics has become widely accepted as a natural means to promote health for both
humans and animals. The health promoting effect of probiotic in the gastrointestinal tract has
been mainly associated with their capacity to stimulate the immune response and to inhibit the
growth of pathogenic bacteria (Barnes et al., 1972). Substitution of conventional and prohibited
AGPs with probiotics has received much attention in the recent years. One of the major reasons
for increased interest in the use of probiotics is because they are natural alternatives to antibiotics
for growth promotion in poultry.
Gabaldon Campus
GENERAL OBJECTIVES:
• To investigate the effects of a commercial probiotic mixture (Liptosafe-L) supplementation to

the diet of broiler chickens in comparison with Antibiotic and with use of control (no treatment)
on the growth performance of broiler chickens.
• To explore the pattern of use of antibiotics and probiotics for commercial poultry farms in
Nueva Ecija to the performance and growth of Broilers.
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES:
• To understand the pattern of health care seeking behavior and pathway of getting antibiotics
and pro biotics to the Growth of Broilers
• To assess the purpose of using antibiotics and probiotics in poultry farm.
• To describe the poultry wastes disposal in poultry farm.
TIME AND PLACE OF THE STUDY:
Nueva Ecija has 5 Cities, and one of its known cities is Cabanatuan City, this city has been lots
of poultry farm as we conducted our research study at C&D Broiler Farm. One of the densely
populated districts in Cabanatuan City that could be the best place to operate poultry farm as we
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selected to conduct our Study and they have given us a chance to be there at Sunday in the
afternoon and they welcome us.
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK:
INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT
Antibiotics and Pro Biotics

Adding probiotic powder to enhance immunity, health,
Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus your chickens' daily feed as and growth of a Broiler.
licheniformis, Streptococcus a preventive. disease prevention (meth
faecalis, Lactobacillus
mix antibiotics in water phylaxis), and growth
acidophilus.
than in feed as you then can promotion
Tetracyclines, regulate the distribution promote weight gain,
aminoglycosides, faster and better than if you increase muscle mass, and
sulfonamides, and mix it in the feed. improve feed efficiency
penicillins
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DEFINITION OF TERMS:
Antibiotics:
Antibiotic usage for disease prevention is permitted in all large poultry-producing countries.
Antibiotics are applied for the treatment of intestinal infections such as colibacillosis, necrotic
enteritis, and other diseases generally caused by Salmonella, E. coli, or Clostridium spp.
Probiotics:
Probiotics are live bacteria, fungi, or yeasts that supplement the gastrointestinal flora and help to
maintain a healthy digestive system, thereby promoting the growth performance and overall
health of poultry. Probiotics are increasingly being included in poultry diets as an alternative to
antibiotics.
Poultry:
poultry, in animal husbandry, birds raised commercially or domestically for meat, eggs, and
feathers. Chickens, ducks, turkeys, and geese are of primary commercial importance, while
guinea fowl and squabs are chiefly of local interest.
Microorganisms:
The organisms of great importance in poultry are Salmonella spp. and Campylobacter jejuni.
Several Gram negative psychrotropic bacteria viz., Pseudomonas, Acenitobacter and
Flavobacterium have also been isolated from poultry carasses.
Additives:
these additives including antibiotics and pro-biotics are primarily included to improve the
efficiency of the bird's growth and/or laying capacity, prevent disease and improve feed
utilization.
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SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY:
It could be concluded that, addition of feed additives containing Bacillus sp., Clostridium
butyricum (probiotics) or Sanguinarine (phytobiotics) to broiler diets could significantly improve
growth performance and carcass traits more efficiently and safely than antibiotic growth
promoter.
SCOPE AND DELIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY:
The scope of the study the Effect of different antibiotics and probiotics on the
performance growth of broiler focuses only on the data gathered on the selected poultry farm in
Cabanatuan City Nueva Ecija, and this study has only investigate the effects of a commercial
probiotic and antibiotic mixture to the growth of a broiler. Other details from the other poultry
farm and other concerns aside from the growth of the broiler may not be covered in this study.
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IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON FOREST

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INTRODUCTION:
There is much less agreement about how such climate change could affect the earth’s
forests. The question is important because forests are an important global source of both valuable
market goods (especially timber) and environmental benefits (such species habitat, biodiversity,
and soil and climate stabilization). This paper identifies potential sources of forest damage from
climate change and evaluates the socioeconomic consequences. Climate change will influence a
number of natural disturbances that threaten forest health. These include insect outbreaks,
invasive species, wildfires, and storms. Some disturbances, like a wildfire, take place quickly.
Others, like changes in animal or plant populations, happen over decades to centuries. Some of
their effects may be temporary, allowing a forest to recover. In other cases, a forest may suffer
lasting impacts. We conclude that the effects of climate change on forests generally and on
timber harvests in particular are likely to be positive, meaning that previous research warning of
severe consequences has overstated the risk. We also conclude that effects of climate change on
ecological values associated with forests are a source of concern in specific places but need not
be large overall, especially if climate change is relatively gradual and adaptation to climate
change is enhanced. Although the sink function of forests is important, that topic will be
developed in a future paper.
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GENERAL OBJECTIVES:
• To investigate the impacts of climate change in our forest

• To explore how climate change affects Forest
• To understand the reason why climate change can affect our forest that could give negative
impacts into our forest.
• To describe the different negative effects of climate change in our Forest.
The Department of Agriculture in cooperation of the Department of Environmental

National resources can be the source of these study, as they are monitoring this case on how the
Climate Change can affect our forest. As this study can be conduct on first Monday of the month
where these two Government Departments can be available to make these study.
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CARRYING CAPACITY OF BROILER CHICKEN DEVELOPMENT

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INTRODUCTION
Livestock is a sub-sector that plays an essential role in meeting animal protein needs.
Community needs in consuming livestock products (meat, milk, and eggs) are increasing. The
increase in consumption of livestock products is supported by the increasing population,
education level, public awareness of nutrition, and the role of food substances, especially protein
for life, and improve the community's ability to utilize livestock products; so that the
development of the livestock sector has a positive impact on the community to improve nutrition
which can have other impacts in the form of increasing welfare. The government's effort to
increase farmers' income to fulfil the animal protein needs of the community is to utilize and
develop the potential of regional livestock . Potential high-value livestock, one of them is
chicken broiler, which is a producer of meat cattle with rapid growth with a short life cycle
compared with other poultry [5]. It is one of the reasons for farmers to cultivate broiler chickens.
Cabanatuan City in Nueva Ecija has high broiler chicken production, especially in C&D Broiler
farm in Cabanatuan, each breeder with population ownership ranging from 1,000-2,000
birds/month per cage. This data was obtained based on field observations (Wednesday, 6
October 2023). Therefore, the author wants to research the title carrying capacity of broiler
chicken development at C&D Broiler Farm in Cabanatuan City Nueva Ecija. This study is
expected to determine the carrying capacity of broiler chicken development in C&D Broiler
Farm Cabanatuan City.
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GENERAL OBJECTIVES:
• To investigate the carrying capacity of broiler chicken development in C&D Broiler Farm
Cabanatuan City.
• To explore how Broiler Breeder handle the carrying capacity of a chicken per month per cage
• To understand the procedure how to handle the capacity of a broiler chicken.
• To assess the purpose of the importance of carrying capacity of a broiler in a farm.
• To describe the possible effect if the carrying capacity couldn’t meet the standard capacity of a
chicken per cage.
(Wednesday, 6 October 2023 in the morning). Therefore, the author wants to research the title
carrying capacity of broiler chicken development at C&D Broiler Farm in Cabanatuan City
Gabaldon Campus
Nueva Ecija. This study is expected to determine the carrying capacity of broiler chicken
development in C&D Broiler Farm Cabanatuan City.

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Republic of the Philippines

NUEVA ECIJA UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

EFFECT OF DIFFERENT ANTIBIOTICS AND PROBIOTICS ON THE

MARC JODEN VEGIGA VICENTE

• To investigate the effects of a commercial probiotic mixture (Liptosafe-L) supplementation to

• To assess the purpose of using antibiotics and probiotics in poultry farm.

• To describe the poultry wastes disposal in poultry farm.

TIME AND PLACE OF THE STUDY:

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

Antibiotics and Pro Biotics

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY:

SCOPE AND DELIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY:

IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON FOREST

MARC JODEN VEGIGA VICENTE

• To investigate the impacts of climate change in our forest

• To describe the different negative effects of climate change in our Forest.

TIME AND PLACE OF THE STUDY:

The Department of Agriculture in cooperation of the Department of Environmental

CARRYING CAPACITY OF BROILER CHICKEN DEVELOPMENT

MARC JODEN VEGIGA VICENTE

• To understand the procedure how to handle the capacity of a broiler chicken.

• To assess the purpose of the importance of carrying capacity of a broiler in a farm.

TIME AND PLACE OF THE STUDY:

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