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Arifah
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NED UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

FIRST YEAR (CIVIL Engineering)


SPRING SEMESTER 2024
(Formation and Solution of differential equations that arise in various applications) MT-221

Submission date :5th July Total Marks: 20

1. Find the charge and the current for t > 0 in a series RC circuit where R = 10 omega,
C = 410 − 3 F and E = 85cos150t volts.
2. A spherical mint of radius 5 mm is placed in the mouth and sucked. Four minutes later,
the radius of the mint is 3 mm. In a simple model, the rate of decrease of the radius of
the mint is inversely proportional to the square of the radius. Using this model and all the
information given, (a) find an equation linking the radius of the mint and the time. (You
should define the variables that you use.) (b) Hence find the total time taken for the mint
to completely dissolve. Give your answer in minutes and seconds to the nearest second.
3. Water is being heated in a kettle. At time t seconds, the temperature of the water is θo C.
The rate of increase of the temperature of the water at any time t is modelled by the
differential equation
dθ
= λ(120 − θ),
dt
θ ≤ 100 where λ is a positive constant.
Given that θ = 20 when t = 0, (a) solve this differential equation to show that θ =
120–100e−λt
When the temperature of the water reaches 100o C, the kettle switches off. (b) Given that
λ = 0.01, find the time, to the nearest second, when the kettle switches off.
4. Suppose a student carrying a flu virus returns to an isolated college campus of 1000 students.
If it is determined that the rate at which the virus spreads is proportional not only to the
number P (t) of students infected but also to the number of students not infected. Determine
the number of infected students after 6 days given that the number of infected students after
4 days is 50. The differential equation that models this situation is
 
dP P
= 1000r 1 − P, P (0) = 1.
dt 1000
where r > 0 is the growth rate.
5. Find the charge q(t) on the capacitor in an LRC series circuit when L = 0.25 henry, R = 10
ohms, C = 0.001 farad, E(t) = 0 volts, q(0) = q0 coulombs, and I(0) =0 amperes.
6. A resistance of 60 ohms, an inductance of 0.60 henry are in series with a battery of 10 volts.
Determine the current, I, if the initial current is zero.

7. Express the following statements as differential equations:

(i) The rate at which the population of rabbits increases is proportional to the number
present.

(ii) The volume of water leaking out of a tank is at a rate proportional to the volume of
the water.

(iii) The temperature of an object is decreasing at a rate proportional to the difference


between the temperature of the object and the background temperature of 20°C.

8. Suppose a population of insects increases according to the law of exponential growth. There
were 130 insects after the third day of the experiment and 380 insects after the seventh day.
Approximately how many insects were in the original population?

9. A zircon sample contains 4000 atoms of the radioactive element 235U. Given that 235U has
a half- life of 700 million years, how long would it take to decay to 125 atoms?
2t
10. The number of bacteria in a culture is growing at a rate of 3000e 5 per unit of time t. At t
= 0, the number of bacteria present was 7,500. Find the number present at t = 5.

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