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Network Performance Measure

Network performance note

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12 views

Network Performance Measure

Network performance note

Uploaded by

bibhakark34
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 22

3-6 PERFORMANCE

One important issue in networking is the performance of


the network—how good is it? We discuss quality of
service, an overall measurement of network performance,
in greater detail in Chapter 24. In this section, we
introduce terms that we need for future chapters.
Topics discussed in this section:
▪ Bandwidth - capacity of the system
▪ Throughput - no. of bits that can be
pushed through
▪ Latency (Delay) - delay incurred by a bit
from start to finish
▪ Bandwidth-Delay Product
3.1
Note

In networking, we use the term


bandwidth in two contexts.
▪ The first, bandwidth in hertz, refers to the
range of frequencies in a composite signal
or the range of frequencies that a channel
can pass.
▪ The second, bandwidth in bits per second,
refers to the speed of bit transmission in a
channel or link. Often referred to as
Capacity.
3.2
Example 3.42

The bandwidth of a subscriber line is 4 kHz for voice or


data. The bandwidth of this line for data transmission
can be up to 56,000 bps using a sophisticated modem to
change the digital signal to analog.

3.3
Example 3.43

If the telephone company improves the quality of the line


and increases the bandwidth to 8 kHz, we can send
112,000 bps by using the same technology as mentioned
in Example 3.42.

3.4
Throughput
• It is a measure of how fast we can actually
send data through a network.
• e.g. we may have a link with a bandwidth
of 1 Mbps, but the devices connected to
the end of the link may handle only
200kbps.

3.5
Example 3.44

A network with bandwidth of 10 Mbps can pass only an


average of 12,000 frames per minute with each frame
carrying an average of 10,000 bits. What is the
throughput of this network?

Solution
We can calculate the throughput as

The throughput is almost one-fifth of the bandwidth in


this case.
3.6
Latency(delay)

 The latency or delay defines how long it


takes for an entire message to
completely arrive at the destination from
the time the first bit is sent out from the
source.

Latency = propagation time +


transmission time + queuing time +
processing delay

3.7
Propagation time

 It measures the time required for a bit


to travel from the source to the
destination.
 Propagation time= Distance/Propagation
speed

3.8
 Propagation speed - speed at which a
bit travels though the medium from
source to destination.
 Transmission speed - the speed at
which all the bits in a message arrive at
the destination. (difference in arrival
time of first and last bit)

3.9
Transmission time
 It measure the time between the first bit
leaving the sender and the last bit
arriving at the receiver.
 The time required for transmission of a
message depends on the size of the
message and the bandwidth of the
channel.
 Transmission time = Message
size/Bandwidth

3.10
Example 3.45

What is the propagation time if the distance between the


two points is 12,000 km? Assume the propagation speed
to be 2.4 × 108 m/s in cable.

Solution
We can calculate the propagation time as

The example shows that a bit can go over the Atlantic


Ocean in only 50 ms if there is a direct cable between the
source and the destination.
3.11
Example 3.46

What are the propagation time and the transmission


time for a 2.5-kbyte message (an e-mail) if the
bandwidth of the network is 1 Gbps? Assume that the
distance between the sender and the receiver is 12,000
km and that light travels at 2.4 × 108 m/s.

Solution
We can calculate the propagation and transmission time
as shown on the next slide:

3.12
Example 3.46 (continued)

Note that in this case, because the message is short and


the bandwidth is high, the dominant factor is the
propagation time, not the transmission time. The
transmission time can be ignored.

3.13
Example 3.47

What are the propagation time and the transmission


time for a 5-Mbyte message (an image) if the bandwidth
of the network is 1 Mbps? Assume that the distance
between the sender and the receiver is 12,000 km and
that light travels at 2.4 × 108 m/s.

Solution
We can calculate the propagation and transmission
times as shown on the next slide.

3.14
Example 3.47 (continued)

Note that in this case, because the message is very long


and the bandwidth is not very high, the dominant factor
is the transmission time, not the propagation time. The
propagation time can be ignored.

3.15
Queuing Time

 the time needed for each intermediate


or end device to hold the message.
 When there is heavy traffic on the
network, the queuing time increases.

3.16
Figure 3.31 Filling the link with bits for case 1

3.17
Example 3.48

We can think about the link between two points as a


pipe. The cross section of the pipe represents the
bandwidth, and the length of the pipe represents the
delay. We can say the volume of the pipe defines the
bandwidth-delay product, as shown in Figure 3.33.

3.18
Figure 3.32 Filling the link with bits in case 2

3.19
Note

The bandwidth-delay product defines


the number of bits that can fill the link.

3.20
Figure 3.33 Concept of bandwidth-delay product

3.21
Jitter
 Jitter is the variation in delay for packets
belonging to the same flow.
 We can roughly say that jitter is a problem if different
packets of data encounter different delays and the
application using the data at the receiver site is time-
sensitive (audio and video data, for example).
 If the delay for the first packet is 20 ms, for the
second is 45 ms, and for the third is 40 ms, then the
real-time application that uses the packets endures
jitter.

3.22

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