DATA ANALYSIS & INTRODUCTION

INTERPRETATION
Course Outline

Lesson 1.Introduction to Data analysis &

interpretation

Lesson 2. Data ecosystem

Lesson 3. Data collection

Lesson 4. Hypothesis Testing

GREEN LIVING INNOVATIONS INSTITUTE 4/6/2024 2

 LEARNING OUTCOMES

After this class, you will be able to: dependent variables

Explain the value of big data and analytics Describe methods of ensuring the quality of
data
Discuss the types of decisions that can be made
analytically in an organizational setting Explain data management techniques including
transforming data, recoding data, and handling
Describe different decision making models and missing data
tools
Identify some biases and errors data collection
Identify the fundamental concepts of may be subject to
measurement including levels of measurement,
reliability and validity, errors, measurement and Distinguish between correlation and causation
information bias
Apply appropriate decision making techniques
Distinguish between independent and to a specific case

GREEN LIVING INNOVATIONS INSTITUTE 4/6/2024 3

 REQUIREMENTS

PC OR DESKTOP
MS EXCEL 2010 OR BETTER
STABLE INTERNET

GREEN LIVING INNOVATIONS INSTITUTE 4/6/2024 4

 COURSE OVERVIEW
MODULE 1
In this module, you will learn about the different types of data analysis and
the key steps in a data analysis process.
You will gain an understanding of the different components of a modern
data ecosystem, and the role Data Engineers, Data Analysts, Data Scientists,
Business Analysts, and Business Intelligence Analysts play in this ecosystem.
You will also learn about the role, responsibilities, and skillsets required to
be a Data Analyst, and what a typical day in the life of a Data Analyst looks
like.
GREEN LIVING INNOVATIONS INSTITUTE 4/6/2024 5
Modern Data Ecosystem
Key Players in the Data Ecosystem
Defining Data Analysis
Viewpoints: What is Data Analytics?
Responsibilities of a Data Analyst
Viewpoints: Qualities and Skills to be a Data Analysis
A Day in the Life of a Data Analyst
Viewpoints: Applications of Data Analytics
GREEN LIVING INNOVATIONS INSTITUTE 4/6/2024 6
 INTRODUCTION

This strategy is common sense, and it applies to personal life as well as business.
No one makes important decisions without first finding out what’s at stake, the pros
and cons, and the possible outcomes.
Similarly, no company that wants to succeed should make decisions based on bad
data. Organizations need information; they need data.
This is where data analysis or data analytics enters the picture.
The job of understanding data is currently one of the growing industries in today's
day and age, where data is considered as the 'new oil' in the market.
Our Data Analytics Program can help you learn how to make sense of data and get
trends from them.
GREEN LIVING INNOVATIONS INSTITUTE 4/6/2024 7
 Why is Data Analytics important?
Better Customer Targeting
You Will Know Your Target Customers Better
Reduce Operational Costs
Better Problem-Solving Methods
You Get More Accurate Data

GREEN LIVING INNOVATIONS INSTITUTE 4/6/2024 8

 What is Data Analytics?
Data analytics is the process of analyzing raw data to find trends and answer
questions. Or techniques used to analyze data to enhance productivity and
business gain.
It has a broad scope across the field.
This process includes many different techniques and goals that can shift from
industry to industry.
The data analytics process has components that can help a variety of initiatives.
By combining these components, a successful data analytics initiative can help
answer business questions related to historical trends, future predictions and
decision making.
GREEN LIVING INNOVATIONS INSTITUTE 4/6/2024 9
 Types of Data Analytics

Data analytics is a broad field. There are four primary types of data
analytics:
1. descriptive
2. Diagnostic
3. Predictive
4. prescriptive analytics.
Each type has a different goal and place in the data analysis process. These
are also the primary data analytics applications in business.
GREEN LIVING INNOVATIONS INSTITUTE 4/6/2024 10
GREEN LIVING INNOVATIONS INSTITUTE 4/6/2024 11
 1. Descriptive analytics
Descriptive analytics helps answer the question “What happened?” For a business, this
can be used to describe outcomes to stakeholders.
 By developing key performance indicators (KPIs), descriptive analysis strategies can help
track successes or failures.
For example, metrics such as return on investment (ROI) are often used. Specialized
metrics can also be developed to track performance specific to an industry.
This process requires the collection of relevant data, data processing, analysis and
visualization.
Together, this can provide essential insight into past performance.

GREEN LIVING INNOVATIONS INSTITUTE 4/6/2024 12

 2. Diagnostic analytics
Diagnostic analytics helps answer questions about why things happened.
These techniques supplement basic descriptive analytics.
They take the findings from descriptive analytics and dig deeper to find the causes behind
trends and outcomes.
Key performance indicators are further investigated to discover why they improved or
worsened. This analysis could look like the following steps:
◦ Identify anomalies in the data. These may be unexpected changes in a metric or a particular
market.
◦ Collect data related to these anomalies.
◦ Implement statistical techniques to find relationships and trends that explain the anomalies.

GREEN LIVING INNOVATIONS INSTITUTE 4/6/2024 13

 3. Predictive analytics
Predictive analytics helps answer questions about what will happen in the
future.
These techniques use historical data to identify trends and determine if they
are likely to reoccur or change.
Predictive analytical tools and techniques include a variety of statistical and
machine learning techniques, such as neural networks, decision trees and
regression.

GREEN LIVING INNOVATIONS INSTITUTE 4/6/2024 14

 4. Prescriptive analytics
Prescriptive analytics helps answer questions about what should be done.
By using insights from predictive analytics, data-driven decisions can be made,
even in the face of uncertainty.
Prescriptive analytics techniques rely on machine learning strategies that can
find patterns in large datasets.
These types of data analytics provide the insight that businesses need to make
effective and efficient decisions. Used in combination, they provide a well-
rounded understanding of a company’s needs and opportunities.

GREEN LIVING INNOVATIONS INSTITUTE 4/6/2024 15

 What are the tools used in Data Analytics
1. R programming – This tool is the leading analytics tool used for statistics and data modeling.
2. Python – Python is an open-source, object-oriented programming language that is easy to read,
write, and maintain.
3. Microsoft Excel
4. RapidMiner
5. Spss
6. Ms powerBI
7. SQL - (Structured Query Language) SQL is essential for tasks that involve data management or
manipulation within databases.

GREEN LIVING INNOVATIONS INSTITUTE 4/6/2024 16

 Data Analysis Process
1. Step 1: Defining objectives and questions
The first step in the data analysis process is to define the objectives and
formulate clear, specific questions that your analysis aims to answer.
This step is crucial as it sets the direction for the entire process.
It involves understanding the problem or situation at hand, identifying the data
needed to address it, and defining the metrics or indicators to measure the
outcomes.

GREEN LIVING INNOVATIONS INSTITUTE 4/6/2024 17

 Step 2: Data collection
Once the objectives and questions are defined, the next step is to collect the
relevant data.
This can be done through various methods such as surveys, interviews,
observations, or extracting from existing databases.
The data collected can be quantitative (numerical) or qualitative (non-
numerical), depending on the nature of the problem and the questions being
asked.

GREEN LIVING INNOVATIONS INSTITUTE 4/6/2024 18

 Step 3: Data cleaning
Data cleaning, also known as data cleansing, is a critical step in the data
analysis process.
It involves checking the data for errors and inconsistencies, and correcting
or removing them.
This step ensures the quality and reliability of the data, which is crucial for
obtaining accurate and meaningful results from the analysis.

GREEN LIVING INNOVATIONS INSTITUTE 4/6/2024 19

 Step 4: Data analysis
This involves applying statistical or mathematical techniques to the data to
discover patterns, relationships, or trends.
 There are various tools and software available for this purpose, such as
Python, R, Excel, and specialized software like SPSS and SAS.

GREEN LIVING INNOVATIONS INSTITUTE 4/6/2024 20

 Step 5: Data interpretation and visualization
After the data is analyzed, the next step is to interpret the results and
visualize them in a way that is easy to understand.
This could involve creating charts, graphs, or other visual representations
of the data.
Data visualization helps to make complex data more understandable and
provides a clear picture of the findings.

GREEN LIVING INNOVATIONS INSTITUTE 4/6/2024 21

 Step 6: Data Presentation
This involves presenting the findings of the analysis in a narrative form that
is engaging and easy to understand.
Data storytelling is crucial for communicating the results to non-technical
audiences and for making data-driven decisions.

GREEN LIVING INNOVATIONS INSTITUTE 4/6/2024 22

 Data analyst tasks and responsibilities
1. Gather data: Analysts often collect data themselves. This could include
conducting surveys, tracking visitor characteristics on a company website, or
buying datasets from data collection specialists.
2. Clean data: Raw data might contain duplicates, errors, or outliers. Cleaning the
data means maintaining the quality of data in a spreadsheet or through a
programming language so that your interpretations won’t be wrong or skewed.
3. Model data: This entails creating and designing the structures of a database. You
might choose what types of data to store and collect, establish how data
categories are related to each other, and work through how the data actually
appears.

GREEN LIVING INNOVATIONS INSTITUTE 4/6/2024 23

 Data analyst tasks and responsibilities
4. Interpret data: Interpreting data will involve finding patterns or
trends in data that could answer the question at hand.
5. Present: Communicating the results of your findings will be a key
part of your job. You do this by putting together visualizations like
charts and graphs, writing reports, and presenting information to
interested parties.

GREEN LIVING INNOVATIONS INSTITUTE 4/6/2024 24

 END

GREEN LIVING INNOVATIONS INSTITUTE 4/6/2024 25