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AP Bio Chapter 12 Review

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9 views2 pages

AP Bio Chapter 12 Review

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madibasouthafricastuvia
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AP Bio Chapter 12 Review

How does cell size change throughout interphase? - CORRECT ANSWER-G1 phase
is the time during which the cell makes more proteins so that it can grow to its proper
size. The protein concentration within a cell is estimated to be 100 milligrams per
milliliter. S phase is the time when the cell produces a lot more phospholipids.
Phospholipids are the molecules that make up the cell membrane and the
membrane of the cell's organelles. The amount of phospholipid doubles during S
phase. The G2 phase is the time during which a cell replicates its organelles in
preparation for mitosis. The cell has twice the amount of DNA during G2 than it did
during G1.

How does the amount DNA in the nucleus change throughout the cell cycle? -
CORRECT ANSWER-During the S phase, the cell replicates its genetic material so
that each chromosome will contain two molecules of DNA. Thus, upon completion of
the S phase, the cell has the same number of chromosomes, but its DNA content
has doubled.

What is the exact order of the steps of the cell cycle and mitosis? - CORRECT
ANSWER-G1, S, G2, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase

G1 - CORRECT ANSWER-the first growth period of the cell cycle, during interphase,
in which the cell grows and cytoplasmic organelles are replicated.

S - CORRECT ANSWER-the period of the cell cycle prior to mitosis, during which
the chromosomes are replicated.

G2 - CORRECT ANSWER-the second growth period of the cell cycle, following DNA
replication and preceding prophase, during which the cell forms the materials that
make up the spindle.

Prophase - CORRECT ANSWER-the first stage of mitosis or meiosis in eukaryotic


cell division, during which the nuclear envelope breaks down and strands of
chromatin form into chromosomes.

Metaphase - CORRECT ANSWER-the stage in mitosis or meiosis in which the


duplicated chromosomes line up along the equatorial plate of the spindle.

Anaphase - CORRECT ANSWER-the stage in mitosis or meiosis following


metaphase in which the daughter chromosomes move away from each other to
opposite ends of the cell.
Telophase - CORRECT ANSWER-the final stage of meiosis or mitosis, in which the
separated chromosomes reach the opposite poles of the dividing cell and the nuclei
of the daughter cells form around the two sets of chromosomes.

Somatic Cells - CORRECT ANSWER-body cells

At what stage of the cell cycle are cells actively dividing? - CORRECT
ANSWER-mitosis

At what stage of the cell cycle are cells not actively dividing? - CORRECT
ANSWER-interphase

When in the cell cycle could cells theoretically stop dividing and become dormant? -
CORRECT ANSWER-After G1

Haploid - CORRECT ANSWER-A cell (especially gametes or germ cells) containing


half of the number of homologous chromosomes in somatic cells

Diploid - CORRECT ANSWER-A cell or an organism consisting of two sets of


chromosomes: usually, one set from the mother and another set from the father.

How many chromatids does each chromosome contain? - CORRECT ANSWER-two

What processes in the cell cycle occur in animal cells, plant cells, and bacteria
(prokaryotic cells)? What are the major differences and similarities? - CORRECT
ANSWER-Replication of the DNA, segregation of the "original" and its "replica," and
cytokinesis ends the cell division process.
DIFFERENCES and SIMILARITIES: Cell division is simpler in prokaryotes than
eukaryotes because prokaryotic cells themselves are simpler. Prokaryotic cells have
a single circular chromosome, no nucleus, and few other organelles. Eukaryotic
cells, in contrast, have multiple chromosomes contained within a nucleus, and many
other organelles.

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