PERSONNEL SECURITY
designed to prevent unsuitable
individuals from gaining access to
classified matter or to any security
facility, and to prevent appointment,
or retention
Scope of Personnel Security
1. Personnel Security Investigation
(PSI)
2. Security Education
WHAT IS PERSONNEL
SECURITY INVESTIGATION?
an inquiry into the
character, moral,
reputation, integrity,
discretion and loyalty of
individual in order to
determine a person’s
suitability to be given
security clearance.
Types of Personnel Security
Investigation (PSI)
1. National Agency Check (NAC). – made upon the basis
of written information supplied by him in response to
official inquiry, and by reference to appropriate
national agencies. Ex:NICA, NBI, ISAFP or CIDG etc.
2. Local Agency Check (LAC) – written inquiries sent to
appropriate local government agencies, former
employees, references and schools listed by the
person under investigation. The local agencies
normally check besides the past employment,
schools and references
General Techniques of PSI
1. Background Investigation (BI)- this technique is
very expensive but necessary in personnel security. It
serves to verify information on the application form and
to obtain other information pertinent to the decision to
employ.
2. Positive Vetting- is the process of inspecting or
examining with careful thoroughness. The essence of
vetting that it is a personal interview conducted under
stress. It is based on information previously given by the
applicant. Other information issued during the interview,
such as those discovered in the BI, which confirms or
denies this given by the applicant.
3. Profiling- is the process whereby a subject’s reaction in
a future critical situation is predicted by observing his
behavior, or by interviewing him, or analyzing his
responses to a questionnaire, such as an honesty test.
The Reid Report is an example of honesty test.
4. Deception Detection Techniques- this a process of
using devices in detecting deception during the interview
stage. This includes the use of a Polygraph, Psychological
Stress Evaluator and Voice Analyzer.
5. Financial and Lifestyle Inquiry- this type of
investigation seeks to gather information on income and
mode of living, sometimes referred to as the earning-to-
debt ratio.
6. Undercover Investigation- this is the
placement of an agent in a role in which the
agent’s true identity and role remains
unknown, in order to obtain information for
criminal prosecution or for recovery or
limitation of asset losses.
7. Exit Interview- this is a valuable tool because
it gives departing employees an opportunity to
list grievances.
SECURITY EDUCATION
❑ develop security
awareness among
employees of the
company.
❑ should cover all
regardless of rank
or position.
Phases of Security
Education Program
1. Initial interview- first contact wherein the
interviewer determine the suitability of the
applicant
2. Orientation and Training- detailed
presentation of personnel security policy
3. Refresher Conference- remind
responsibilities, review guidelines and
policies, introduction of new policies
4. Security Reminders- indirect approach of
educating the employees
5. Security Promotion – emphasizing the
importance and role of security
