Table of Contents

Sl. No. Contents Page no

1 Introduction 1

2 33kv substation 2-3

3 Meter testing 4-5

4 GIS substation 6-7

5 UG cable 8-10

6 SCADA 11-12

8 Conclusion 13

9 Reference 14

10 Certificate 15
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Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION

The primary objective of Industrial Training is to gain through practical experience, a sound
appreciation and understanding of the theoretical principles learnt as a postgraduate at the
University. Industrial Training is oriented towards developing the skills, knowledge and attitudes
needed to make an effective start as a member of the engineering profession.

HUBLI ELECTRICITY SUPPLY COMPANY LIMITED

The Government of Karnataka as part of reforms in power sector has unbundled the transmission
and distribution activities in the state of Karnataka. As a result, the HESCOM Limited was
incorporated on 30.04.2002 under the Companies Act, 1956 (No. 1 of 1956) and the company
started operation W.E.F 01.06. 2002.The Company came into existence with geographical
jurisdiction of 7 Districts comprising of Dharwad, Belgaum, Gadag, Haveri, Uttar Kannada,
Bagalkot & Vijayapura with an objective to carry on the business of distribution and supply of
electricity more efficiently and canonically. The Company is operating from Hubballi City and
covering the areas where the agricultural consumption is comparatively on higher side. The
Company has withstood the initial transitional problems and achieved its objective of improving
efficiency and better consumer services. The company today is functioning as a commercial
entity in pursuance of power sector reforms undertaken by Government of Karnataka. The year
2002-03 was the first year of operation of the Company.

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Chapter 2

2.1: 33 kV Substation

Substation is a set of equipment reducing the high voltage of electrical power transmission to
that suitable for supply to consumers. So to study more about the Substation we went to the
33kv Substation located at industrial estate Gokul road Hubli.

First we saw the single line diagram of the Substation which helped us to understand the
machines and their connections and their ratings.

Fig.Single line diagram of 33kv substation

The Substation consists of a incoming line, transformers, bus bars, GOS, feeders etc. The
incoming line of 33kv was received at the Substation from two stations, one from Tarihal and
another from SRS Hubli. One line is kept ideal and charged when the load requirement is more
or the line is under maintenance or any fault condition. The line is connected to a protective
system called as GOS (group operating switch) which is used to turn on or off the line when
rvequired. The another end of the GOS is connected to a transformers through bus bars. Then
the transformers step down the voltage from 33kv to 11kv. The stepdown voltage is then
transmitted to feeders. Feeders is the system used to Distribution of power by classifying the

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load. As we can see in the single line diagram there are 7 feeders each feeder of one particular
area depending upon the load.
Each feeder has a separate voltmeter,ammeter and wattmeter to see the power usage of that
area. Through feeder then the 11kv voltage is transmitted to the areas through HT line and at
the area the 11kv voltage is converted to 415 volts with help of distribution transformers.
Substation has 2 power transformers of 5MVA rating.To maintain or to regulate the Substation
there is control room which has relays in it to prevent the power loss in the system when
system faces faults.

Fig 2.1. Feeders

Fig 2.2.Power transformer

The another use of feeder is if any area feeder has any fault then we can only off that feeder
rather than turning off the system.
The visit to the Substation helped us to understand the power flow and the working of power
System and the different machines or components involved in the power system.We learnt
about circuit breakers,types and working procedure.

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2.2: METER TESTING DIVISION

Our internship was conducted in Meter testing division which is in Hubli. The brief
explanation about the energy meters, how it works, how it is tested, was provided. The CT-
PT testing was also done in that division. The evolution of the energy meters over time was
shown by the person in-charge. Energy meter is one of the most essential part of the
electricity system, financial system because ultimately the amount of energy consumed and
other important information is shown in the energy meter. Thus it is required to test the
energy meters according to IS standards to eliminate the errors and ensure the proper reading
of the values. Thus there are many tests done to the meters before they are introduced into
the houses or commercial or the places where the energy consumed needs to be measured.
The testings are done under the IS standards and each one of them have the different IS
standards. Information was provided about the CT and PT ratio testing and also about the
operating frequency, insulation standard factor. The connection for the primary and
secondary windings for CT PT was shown. The ratio of 11kV/110V PT and 150/5A CT for
which tests were conducted and thus we got the information about the percentage of load,
ratio error, phase angle error and thus verifying the values according to the IS standards, the
final result was Pass. If the values does not matches with the IS then it is failed. In the mt
division the CT PT testing is done upto 33kV, also we got to know that for higher loads such
as 50kV higher capacity CT is used. If the supply is 3-phase 18kW, 30A meter can be
operated without CT. The newly arrived meters from the factories are then tested with
various parameters and also sealed to prevent any issues. The digital meters are used in
which the testing and operation is very easy compared to the traditional ones.
The meters are tested according to the IS standards and various parameters are considered,
thus around 15 energy meters can be tested simultaneously. The digital meters have pulses
which blinks exactly 3200times when idle, by this verification method the energy meter is in
good condition. On the other day Vijayalakshmi mam handled the session and gave much
information about the various types of energy meters used in different fields, tariffs and how
the collection of the penalty amount is done. Mam gave us a very detailed information about
how the energy meter runs, how to operate the energy meters present in the household. The
information about the drawbacks of the old meters and advantages of new meters were
provided. Hence the new digital energy meters store the energy consumed data of 6 months,

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with the help of this information the average can be calculated for the purpose of bill
payment and the tax. Also we got to know the importance of paying the electricity bill on
time and the various fines levied according to the different wrongdoings or malpractices.
The connection on the energy meters of single phase and 3 phase was shown and explained.
The meter which we use measures in kWh thus how bill amount can be calculated by
calculating the load connected in the house was shown. The electricity bill calculation was
also explained in which the how the taxes work and how the penalty amount is levied. The
basic information in the electricity bill, the tariff, the technical words was also provided.

Fig.2.2.1 (a):CT PT, Energy meters and Transformer testing laboratory

Fig.2.2.2 (b): CT PT Energy meters and Transformer testing laboratory

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2.3:GAS INSULATED SUBSTATION

Gas Insulated Substations are high voltage Substations that are compact,requiring little
maintenance when compared to air-insulated conventional Substations. Compressed Gas
Insulated Substations (CGIS) consist basically a conductor supported on insulators inside an
enclosure which is filled with sulfur hexafluoride gas (SF6). The compactness is with the use
of SF6 gas, which has high dielectric strength. The voltage withstand capability of
SF6Busduct is strongly dependent on field perturbations, such as those caused by conductor
surface imperfections and by conducting particle contaminants. The contaminants can be
produced by abrasion between components during assembly or operations. Electrical
insulation performance of compressed gas insulated Substation is adversely affected by
metallic particle contaminants. Free conducting particles, depending upon their shape, size
and location, may lead to serious deterioration of the dielectric strength of the system and
also one of the major factors causing breakdown of the system and leading to power
disruption. These particles can either be free to move in the Gas Insulated Busduct (GIB) or
they may be stuck either to an energized electrode or to an enclosure surface. The presence of
contamination can therefore be a problem with gas insulated substations operating at high
fields. If a metallic particle crosses the gap and comes into contact with the inner electrode or
if a metallic particle adheres to the inner conductor, the particle will act as a protrusion on the
surface of the electrode. Consequently, voltage required for breakdown of the GIS will be
significantly decreased. Several methods have been used to reduce the effect of conducting
particles including electrostatic trapping, use of adhesive coatings, and discharging of
conducting particles through radiation. Dielectric coating of a metallic electrode surface
affects the particle charge mechanics.

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Fig 2.3.1 Overview of Record Book Fig 2.3.2. 8 MVA Power Transformer

Fig 2.3.3.Banksend Feeders

Fig 2.3.4 UG cable visit

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2.4: Underground Cables

The power transmission achieved through cables that are laid underground are called
Underground Power Cables. Though the installation cost of these cables is high, it is considered
reliable.
An overhead lines can frequently been seen traversing the landscape from a long way away,
while underground cables are employed where it isimpracticable to use overhead lines, such
around plants and substations or where maintenance conditions do not permit the use of overhead
construction.

Construction of Cables
An underground cable essentially consists of one or more conductors covered with suitable
insulation and surrounded by a protecting cover. The main parts of underground cables are
Cores or conductors:The conductor of cable could be of aluminum or copper, cable may have
one or more than one core depending upon the type of services for application. It may be

a. Single Core

b. Two Core.

c. Three Core

d. Four Core.

1. Cable sheath – Protects the cable, against moisture in particular

2. Wire screen – Controls the electric field and discharges fault currents
3. Insulating layer – Insulates the electric conductor
4. Electric conductor – Conducts the current

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Insulation: Each core or conductor is provided with a suitable thickness of insulation, the
thickness of layer depending upon the voltage to be withstood by the cable. The commonly used
materials for insulation are impregnated paper, varnished cambric or rubber mineral.

Fig 2.4.1. Construction of undergroundcable three core

Bedding: Over the metallic sheath is applied a layer of bedding which consists of a fibrous
material, the purpose of bedding is to protect the metallic sheath against corrosion and from
mechanical damage.

Armouring:Over the bedding, armouring is provided which consists of one or two layers of
galvanized steel wire or steel tape. Its purpose is to protect the cable from mechanical injury
while laying it and during the course of handling. Armouring may not be done in the case of
some cables.

Serving:In order to protect armouring from atmospheric conditions, a layer of fibrousmaterial

(like jute) similar to bedding is provided over the armouring. This is known as serving.

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Classification of underground cables

The underground cable are classified according to voltage capacity and the construction of cable.

Voltage capacity and diagrams

• LT Cables :Low tension cables with maximum capacity of 1000 V.

• HT Cables :High tension cables with maximum capacity of 11KV.

• ST Cables :Super tension cables with rating capacity of 22KV- 33KV.

• EHT Cables :Extra High tension cables with rating capacity of 33KV- 66KV.

• Extra Super voltage cables: with maximum voltage rating beyond 132KV.

Construction of cable

• Belted Cables : Maximum voltage of 11KV.

• Screened Cables : Maximum voltage of 66KV.
• Pressure Cables : Maximum voltage of more than 66KV.

Fig 2.4.2.Underground cables

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2.5:SCADA
SCADA stands for Supervisory Control and Data acquisition. SCADA systems are used for
controlling, monitoring,and analyzing industrial devices and processes. The system consists of
both software and hardware components and enables remote and on-site gathering of data from
the industrial equipment. RTU panel is installed in the substation which collects the data of the
substation and transmits it to the head officethrough antenna. SCADA helps to identify the
generation and demand in thesystem.Which makes it easier to distribute the load according to the
demand.

. Fig 2.5.1 RTU panel Fig 2.5.2. State load

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Fig 2.5.3 SCADA representation of HESCOM

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CHAPTER 3

CONCLUSION

During 30days of Internship in first 5 days We got the information on PARTS OF

TRANSFORMER In that from which material Parts are made, advantages of materials used,
types of parts, where the parts are used in transformer, applications of those types and Working
of Parts.

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Reference:
"Transformers: basics, parts, maintenance, and diagnostics"U.S. Dept. Of the interior, bureau of
reclamation. P. 12. Retrieved mar 27, 2012.

Electrical equipment handbook: troubleshooting and maintenance - the mcgraw-hill companies,

inc. 2003

Transformers: basics, parts, maintenance, and diagnostics. Hydroelectric research and technical
services group denver, coloradoapril 2005

Https://dipslab.Com/main-parts-transformer-construction-based-electrical/

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Certificate

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