CUBISM TO INSTALLATION ART COMPRE NOTES

INTRODUCTION NOTABLE ARTISTS:

Cubism is an influential art movement that emerged Founders: Pablo Picasso, Georges Braque.
in the early 20th century, primarily developed by Other Cubists: Juan Gris, Fernand Léger, Robert
Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque around 1907- Delaunay, Albert Gleizes, Jean Metzinger, Louis
1908. It is characterized by its revolutionary Marcoussis, Marie Laurencin, Roger de La
approach to representing reality through Fresnaye.
fragmented and abstracted forms, breaking away
from traditional perspectives. Cultural Influence:
African Art:
CUBISM - Inspired by the expressive energy of African art,
Cubism, developed by Pablo Picasso and Georges focusing on style over spiritual or social
Braque in the early 20th century, was a revolutionary symbolism.
modern art style and the first abstract art
movement. It emerged in response to rapid global
changes, aiming to revitalize Western art traditions. ANALYTICAL AND SYNTHETIC CUBISM

ANALYTICAL CUBISM (1908 - 1912)

CORE CHARACTERISTICS: The early or first phase of Cubism which
lasted until about 1912
Rejection of Traditional Techniques: Here the artist analyzed the subject from
- Emphasized flat, two-dimensional surfaces. many different viewpoints and reconstructed
- Rejected perspective, foreshortening, modeling, it within a geometric framework
and chiaroscuro. Around 1912, the styles of Picasso and Braque
- Opposed the idea that art should imitate nature. were becoming predictable and Cubism was
running out of creative steam.
New Reality:
- Presented a new reality through abstract, radical KEY WORK:
depictions. Violin and Jug (1910) by Georges Braque
Dance of the Veils (1907) by Pablo Picasso

KEY WORK: KEY CHARACTERISTICS:

Les Demoiselles d’Avignon (1907) by Pablo Geometric Deconstruction
Picasso: Multiple Perspectives
- A precursor to Cubism.
Monochromatic Palette
- Features five female nudes with fractured, angular
Subtle Shading
shapes.
- Uses color to render perspective.
Complex Compositions

CUBIST VISION SYNTHETIC CUBISM (1912 - 1920s)

Challenge to Perspective: The second phase of Cubist movement
- Viewed traditional perspective as limiting. Reconstructing objects by the use of simpler
-Introduced ‘relativity’ in art by merging shapes, brighter colors, and mixed media
observations and memories. Synthetic cubist pioneered the use of mixed
media
Realistic Seeing: By integrating materials such as paper, cloth,
- Sought a more realistic view through abstraction. newsprint, text, sand, and dirt, artists like
-Depicted subjects from multiple viewpoints Picasso and Braque were able to bring a
simultaneously, reconfiguring space. greater sense of reality and texture to their
works.
 CUBISM TO INSTALLATION ART COMPRE NOTES

KEY WORK: Notable works:

Still Life with Chair Caning , 1912 (on oil canvas) “Development of a Bottle in Space" (1912)
by Pablo Picasso "Unique Forms of Continuity in Space" (1913).
 - Depicted dynamic motion and fragmented
KEY CHARACTERISTICS: planes in his sculptures.
Simplification of Forms
Use of Vibrant Colors Architecture: Antonio Sant'Elia
Collage and Mixed Media Formulated a Futurist manifesto on
Layering and Overlapping architecture in 1914.
Incorporation of Text Created visionary drawings of mechanized
cities and modern skyscrapers.
CUBISM AND BEYOND His designs prefigured imaginative 20th-
Cubism was born in France but imigrated across century urban planning.
Europe and integrated with the artistic
consciousness of several countries. It emerged as: Influence: The movement's impact spread across
Futursim in Italy Europe, significantly influenced the Russian
Vorticism in England avant-garde
Suprematism and Constructivism in Russia
Expressionism in Germany Decline: Boccioni and Sant'Elia died during
military service in 1916. Despite this, Futurism
continued to influence experimental approaches
FUTURISM in art, literature, and architectural theory.
- Was founded by Filippo Tommaso Marinetti in
1909.  First announced on February 20, 1909, in Le Characteristics of Futurism:
Figaro, through Manifesto (gives a means of Emphasized the dynamism, speed, energy,
expressing, publicising and recording ideas for the and power of modern machinery.
artist or art group): Celebrated the vitality and restlessness of
Marinetti first coined the word FUTURISM to contemporary life.
reflect his goal: to discarding the art of the past
and celebrate change, originality, and innovation.
Glorified new technology, particularly the ABSTRACT ART OR NON-OBJECTIVE ART
automobile..
Advocated for the rejection of traditional values Non-objective art is a type of abstract or
and institutions like museums and libraries non-representational art. It tends to be
Called for the destruction of cultural norms to geometric and does not represent specific
provoke controversy and inspire change. objects, people, or other subjects found in the
natural world.
 Artists (that was inspired by Marinetti’s Non-objective art can go by many names,
manifesto): including concrete art, geometric abstraction,
and minimalism.
Young Milanese (Milan) The term non-objective art was first used
Luigi Russolo, Carlo Carrà, Giacomo Balla, Gino by the Russian Constructivist artist
Severini – applied futuristic ideas to visual arts, Alexander Rodchenko (1891-1956). It was
and published several manifestos in 1910. Like then taken up by others, such as his
Marinetti, the glorified originality and disdain for compatriot Kasimir Malevich (1878-1935).
inherited artistic traditions.
Famous Non-objective Artist
Umberto Boccioni  One of the best-known non-objective artists
Focused on both painting and sculpture. is Wassily Kandinsky.
Published a sculpture manifesto in 1912. 
 CUBISM TO INSTALLATION ART COMPRE NOTES

Pioneers of Non-objective art Name Origin: Possibly derived from the

Wassily Kandinsky (1866-1944) random selection of the word "Dada" from a
Piet Mondrian (1872-1944) dictionary by Richard Huelsenbeck,
Theo van Doesburg (1883-1931) symbolizing childishness and absurdity.
Mikhail Larionov (1881-1964) Internationalism: Emphasized global unity,
Natalya Goncharova (1881-1962) opposing conventional societal norms.
Kasimir Malevich Anti-Authoritarian: No centralized leadership
Alexander Rodchenko or ideology.
Expansion: Tzara founded Galerie Dada in
STYLE 1917, promoting Dada ideas through art
Non-objective painting typically uses geometric exhibits and performances.
motifs on a shallow picture plane. Also, the
picture is purposely devoid of any references to
worldly things, either material or emotional. Non- RECEPTION, DOWNFALL, AND
objective art is abstraction in its purest form. DISSEMINATION OF DADAIST IDEALS

DADAISM Dadaists introduced bold, unconventional

Origin: Artistic and literary movement that methods that stirred controversy within
began in Zurich, Switzerland during World contemporary culture.
War I. They utilized humor and inquisitive
Reaction: Emerged as a response to the war investigation to critique and deconstruct
and the nationalism believed to have caused the traditional art world, aiming to
it. democratize art.
Influences: Cubism, Futurism, Marcel Duchamp’s concept of
Constructivism, and Expressionism. readymades was central to Dadaism.
Diverse Output: Included performance art,
poetry, photography, sculpture, painting, and
collage. PEAK AND DECLINE OF DADAISM
Philosophy: Mocked materialistic and Dadaism gripped audiences into the
nationalistic attitudes, influencing artists 1920s, gaining a significant following and
globally. becoming a notable force in the art world.
Dissipation: Gradually ended with the rise By the late 1920s, some Dadaists
of Surrealism but laid foundations for transitioned into Surrealism, which
modern and contemporary art focused more on the subconscious mind
and dream imagery.
HISTORY Man Ray: An example of an artist who
Founding: Hugo Ball and Emmy Hennings evolved from Dadaism to Surrealism.
established the Cabaret Voltaire in Zurich on Adolf Hitler- (1930) dealt a significant
February 5, 1916. blow to modern art, as the Nazis
Objective: Aimed to be a center for artistic condemned it as “degenerate,” leading
entertainment and a platform for diverse to censorship, persecution, and the
artistic expressions. dispersion of many artists.
Early Members: Hans Arp, Tristan Tzara,
Marcel Janco, Richard Huelsenbeck.
First Manifesto: Read by Ball in July 1916 at
the first Dada evening
 MAJOR SURREALISTS PAINTER
DISSEMINATION OF DADAIST IDEALS
1. Jean Arp:
Despite its decline, Dadaism’s influence
Known for his abstract sculptures and collages.
persisted beyond its peak.
His work often blurred the line between
The movement impacted various art forms conscious and unconscious expression.
globally, including performance art, literature,
music, and visual arts. 2. Max Ernst:
Dadaism’s radical ideas and provocative works Pioeered techniques like frottage (rubbing) and
have left a lasting legacy in the art world, grattage (scraping).
continually challenging and expanding the Merged dreamlike imagery with intricate details.
boundaries and definitions of art. Its influence
endures in contemporary cultural discussions 3.Andre Masson
and artistic practices. Created powerful, emotionally charged
paintings.
Masson's work reflected the chaos and turmoil
of the human psyche.
SURREALISM
The Surrealist movement, which emerged in
4. René Magritte:
Europe during the 1920s, particularly after World
Known for his thought-provoking, enigmatic
War I. With the goal of bridging the gap between compositions.
conscious and unconscious realms. Used precise, realistic techniques to depict
Inspired by Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic surreal scenarios.
theories, Surrealists explored dreamlike imagery
and unconventional artistic expression. 5. Yves Tanguy:
Surrealists believed that breaking free from logic Specialized in eerie, otherworldly landscapes.
and reason could lead to new artistic His paintings featured desolate, dreamlike
expressions. environments.
Surrealist painting was a major achievement of Tanguy's work evoked a sense of mystery and
the movement. existential contemplation.
André Breton, a French poet, he published the
Surrealist Manifesto, officially launching the 6. Salvador Dali:
movement during 1924. Iconic for his melting clocks and bizarre, dream-
infused scenes.
2 DIFFERENT TYPES OF SURREALISTS Meticulous technique combined with fantastical
elements.
1. Automatists:
Feeling/Emotion
7. Pierre Roy:
Only see art
His paintings often featured biomorphic shapes
They didn't believe the pictures should be
and fluid lines.
attempted to be understood or had any Roy's work embodied Surrealism's quest for
significance. hidden truths.

2. Veristic Surrealists: 8. Paul Delvaux:

see meaning Merged classical themes with Surrealist
Believed these images held meaning and could elements.
unlock understanding. His eerie, moonlit landscapes featured nude
figures and mysterious architecture.
Delvaux's art exuded a sense of poetic
melancholy

9. Joan Miró:
Celebrated for his playful, childlike style.
Used symbols, shapes, and vibrant colors to
express inner worlds..
 CONSTRUCTIVISM COMPRE NOTES

Constructivism:
influenced the worlds of art and politics in
Russia during the early twentieth century.
a Russian artistic and architectural
movement that was first influenced by
Cubism and Futurism.
Initiated in 1913 by Vladimir Tatlin with
"painting reliefs."

Vladimir Tatlin:
who embarked on an exploration of his own
in the collage medium, creating abstract,
three-dimensional collages made of metal
and wood.

Antoine Pevsner and Naum Gabo:

Joined Tatlin in Moscow, co-authors of the
Realist Manifesto (1920).

Constructionist Impression and Style

Constructivism:
focused on 'real materials in real space' while
Suprematism often seemed mystical
Constructivism developed side by side with
Suprematism, the two major modern art
forms to come out of Russia in the 20th
century.

Characteristics of Constructivist Art

Constructivist art is marked by a
commitment to total abstraction and a
wholehearted acceptance of modernity
It is often very geometric, experimental,
rarely emotional, and reductive
Objective forms which were thought to have
universal meaning were preferred over the
subjective or the individual
New media were often used
The Constructivists sought an art of order,
which would reject the past and lead to a
world of more understanding, unity, and
peace
 Abstract Expressionism, Characteristics or Abstract Expressionism,
Approaches and Style:

Abstract Expressionism Painters:

is a type of art that became popular in the mid- Jackson Pollock: Known for his drip painting
20th century, especially in the United States. It's technique, Pollock's work is characterized by
known for its emphasis on spontaneous, energetic, rhythmic compositions created by
automatic, or subconscious creation rather than pouring and splattering paint onto canvases
following strict rules or realistic representation. spread on the floor.

Willem de Kooning: His paintings often feature

Characteristics and approaches of Abstract expressive brushwork and abstracted figures. De
Expressionism: Kooning explored the balance between
abstraction and figuration, creating dynamic and
Emotional Expression: Artists aimed to express often emotionally charged canvases.
their emotions and inner thoughts through their
paintings. This often led to artworks that were Mark Rothko: Rothko's paintings are
intense, expressive, and sometimes chaotic. characterized by large, color-field compositions.
He used simplified forms and a limited color
Gestural Brushstrokes: Instead of carefully palette to create contemplative, meditative
planned compositions, artists used bold, energetic artworks that evoke deep emotional responses.
brushstrokes. These strokes were often quick and
seemed to capture the artist's movement and Franz Kline: Known for his bold, black-and-white
energy. abstract compositions, Kline's work features
strong, gestural brushstrokes and a focus on
Large Scale: Many Abstract Expressionist works dynamic contrasts of light and dark.
are large in size, which allows viewers to immerse
themselves in the painting and feel the impact of Abstract Expressionism influenced later
its scale. movements and remains an important part of
modern art history. Its emphasis on
Color and Form: Color was used not just to depict individuality, emotion, and freedom continues to
reality, but to evoke emotions or create a sense of inspire artists today.
atmosphere. Forms in Abstract Expressionism
could be organic or geometric, but they were
often distorted or exaggerated.

Freedom and Spontaneity: Artists valued

spontaneity and improvisation. They embraced
accidents and the unexpected, believing that
these elements added authenticity to their work.
OPTICAL ART 3. Chromatic Aberration: Using contrasting colors
Optical Art, often abbreviated as Op Art, is a style to create the illusion of movement or flicker.
of visual art that uses optical illusions. It typically
features abstract patterns that create a sense of 4. Repetitive Patterns: Repeating shapes and lines
movement, vibration, or warping through the to form a cohesive yet dynamic visual effect.
interaction of shapes, colors, and lines.

CHARACTERISTICS: FAMOUS OPTICAL ARTISTS

1. Geometric Abstraction: Op Art heavily relies on
geometric shapes like squares, circles, lines, and Victor Vasarely (1906-1997): - Often
spirals. considered the father of Op Art. - Works:
"Zebra" (1938), "Vega" series. - Style: Vasarely's
2. Black and White: Early Op Art frequently used works are characterized by their use of
black-and-white color schemes to enhance contrast geometric shapes and vivid colors to create
and optical effects. three-dimensional illusions on flat surfaces.

3. Color Contrast: Later works incorporated vibrant Bridget Riley (1931-): - One of the most
colors to create more dynamic illusions and depth. prominent Op Art artists. - Works: "Movement
in Squares" (1961), "Current" (1964). - Style:
4. Movement Illusion: Patterns that seem to move or Riley's art often involves high contrast black-
flicker, creating a sense of dynamism. 5. Perceptual and-white patterns, later incorporating colors
Ambiguity: Designs that challenge the viewer's to create a dynamic, rhythmic visual
perception, making it hard to distinguish between experience.
figure and ground or creating multiple valid
interpretations of the same image. Peter Sedgley (1930-): - A key figure in the Op
Art movement. - Works: "Corona" (1968),
ORIGINS: "Luminous Ellipse" series. - Style: Sedgley is
- 1960s Movement: Op Art emerged prominently in known for his exploration of light and color. His
the 1960s as a form of kinetic art. It drew on earlier works often incorporate lighting effects and
abstract and constructivist traditions. - Influences: kinetic elements to enhance the optical
The movement was influenced by Bauhaus teachings, experience. - Innovation: Sedgley founded the
Constructivism, and the geometric abstraction of artist cooperative "SPACE" in London,
artists like Kazimir Malevich and Piet Mondrian. promoting collaborative and innovative art
practices.
KEY EXHIBITIONS:
- “The Responsive Eye” (1965): A significant
exhibition at the Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) in LEGACY AND INFLUENCE
New York that brought Op Art to public attention. Influence on Design: Op Art's principles have
been widely applied in graphic design, fashion,
TECHNIQUES: and architecture.
1. Interference Patterns: Overlapping lines and Contemporary Artists: The movement has
shapes that create a sense of depth and movement. influenced a new generation of artists and
designers who explore digital and interactive
2. Moiré Patterns: Superimposing grids or curves to mediums to create optical effects.
produce wavy patterns. 3. Chromatic Aberration: Cultural Impact: Op Art has had a lasting
Using contrasting colors to create the illusion of impact on visual culture, influencing various
movement or flicker. 4. Repetitive Patterns: Repeating forms of media, from album covers to
shapes and lines to form a cohesive yet dynamic advertising.
visual effect.
POP ART DECLINE OF POP ART

Pop Art is an art movement that emerged in the Pop Art had been popular around the world, but
mid-1950s in the United Kingdom and later gained during the Vietnam War era, with societal
prominence in the United States during the late unrest and more anti-American sentiment
1950s and 1960s. overseas, Pop Art, which had become more
The term ‘Pop Art’ was invented by British identified with America became undermined.
curator Lawrence Alloway in 1955 to describe a
new form of popular art - a movement Even after its decline, pop art bounced back
characterized by the imagery of consumerism and has become Neo-Pop.
and popular culture. Now, Pop Art still lives on in the works of
It is characterized by its use of imagery from Damien Hirst, Jeff Koons, and Stuart Semple.
popular and mass culture, such as advertising,
comic books, and everyday consumer products. Pop Art has influenced movements such as
Photorealism, Neo-Expressionism, and Post-
KEY CHARACTERISTICS Modernism.

Imagery: Incorporates elements from popular

culture, including advertisements, celebrities, LEGACY AND CONTINUED INFLUENCE:
comic strips, and mass-produced objects
Despite its decline as a dominant movement, Pop
Bold Colors: Uses vibrant, bold colors to create Art left a lasting legacy on contemporary art and
eye-catching visuals. culture:

Commercial Techniques: Employs techniques Influence on Contemporary Art: Elements of

borrowed from commercial art, such as screen Pop Art continue to be evident in
printing. contemporary art, particularly in works that
engage with popular culture and media.
Irony and Parody: Often uses irony and parody to
comment on consumerism and mass media. Commercial Art and Advertising: The
techniques and aesthetics of Pop Art have
been widely adopted in advertising, graphic
LEADING POP ARTISTS design, and fashion.

Andy Warhol: Known for his iconic works featuring Cultural Relevance: Pop Art's commentary on
Campbell's Soup Cans and portraits of Marilyn consumerism, mass media, and celebrity
Monroe. culture remains relevant in discussions of
modern society
Roy Lichtenstein: Famous for his comic book-
style paintings, such as "Whaam!" and "Drowning
Girl."

Claes Oldenburg: Created large-scale sculptures

of everyday objects, like "Giant Hamburger."

Robert Rauschenberg
Jasper Johns
Jim Dine
Robert Indiana
Ray Johnson
Alex Katz
Tom Wesselmann
Conceptual Arts Additional Notable Artists:
Sébastien Preschoux - Uses colored strings
Conceptual Art to create intricate installations, documented
• A modern form of contemporary art which gives by photographer Ludovic Le Couster.
priority to an idea presented by visual means that
are themselves secondary to the idea. Jenny Holzer (1950) - Known for language-
• Conceptual art, while having no intrinsic financial based public works addressing consumerism,
value, can deliver a powerful message, and thus has torture, disease, and death.
served as a vehicle for socio-political comment, as - Created screen prints featuring declassified
well as broad challenge to the tradition of a ‘work of government documents on prisoner abuse.
art’ being a crafted unique object.
• The ideas behind this form of visual art were
explored by Marcel Duchamp (1887-1968), the so-
called father of Conceptual Art, although the term
was first used by Edward Kienholz (1927-94), in the
late 1950s.

Characteristics
• Conceptual art is all about “ideas and meanings”
rather than “works of art” (paintings, sculptures,
other precious objects). It is characterized its use of
text, as well as imagery, along with a variety of
ephemeral, typically everyday materials and “found
objects”.

Famous Conceptual Artworks and Artists:

Robert Rauschenberg - Portrait of Iris Clert

(1961) – A telegram declaring itself a portrait,
questioning traditional portraiture and identity.

Marcel Duchamp - Fountain – A ready-

made urinal, challenging the concept of art

Jacek Tylicki - Give If You Can, Take if

You Have To – A stone sculpture in India,
emphasizing interaction.

Damien Hirst - Mother and Child Divided

(1993) – Exhibits a cow and calf in formaldehyde,
known for spot paintings.

Robert Montgomery - Known for public

intervention art and poetry in urban settings

Joseph Kosuth - One and Three Chairs

(1965) – Consists of a chair, its photograph, and
a dictionary definition, exploring conceptual art.

Katrin Fridriks - Renowned for hyperkinetic

abstract paintings addressing environmental and
political issues.
 PHOTOREALISM
PHOTOREALISM
Also known as Super-realism
American art movement from the 1960s Key characteristics of photorealism
Draws inspiration from photography include:
Merging Real and Unreal: Photorealism
Key Artists: (part of the movement) blends the real and the unreal by basing
o Painters – created highly illusionistic images that artworks on photographs, which are
referred not to nature but to the reproduced image; representations of reality rather than direct
relied on photographs observations.
Richard Estes
Ralph Goings Non-SocialCommentary: Photorealist works
Audrey Flack avoid social commentary, focusing instead
Robert Bechtle on mass and consumer symbols like cars,
Chuck Close toys, and fast food, unlike hyperrealism.

Sculptors – relied from live models and thereby Dependence on High-Resolution

achieved a simulated reality. Photographs: Artists rely on high-resolution
Duane Hanson photographs, which some traditional artists
John De Andrea might view as cheating, to achieve their
detailed and accurate depictions.
Techniques and Approach
- Use of Photographs Emphasis on Light and Reflection:
Project photographed images onto canvas Capturing light and its interaction with
Use airbrush techniques to create highly surfaces is crucial, often using slide
illusionistic images projectors to combine color and light
elements accurately, particularly for
-Focus reflective surfaces like chrome.
Reproduce what the camera captured .
Mimic the look of a glossy photo Focus on Planning and Technique: Like pop
Emphasize the photograph rather than the art, photorealism values meticulous planning
subject itself and traditional academic techniques,
emphasizing precise draftsmanship and
According to Estes, the idea of the painting was careful brushwork over spontaneous
involved primarily with the photograph and that improvisation.
the painting was just the technique of finishing
up.
 Installation Art and its
Characteristics
Installation art:
is the term for works, room-sized or larger, in
which the whole space is considered a single
unified artwork.
developed in the 20th century.
It grew out of artists working in the 1950s and
1960s who focused on conceptual art, which
is art based on ideas rather than aesthetic
qualities of finished works.
The term 'installation art' began to be used in
the 1970s.

Characteristics of Installation Art

Immersive Experience - Installation art is

designed to fully immerse the viewer in the
artwork, inviting them to become an active
participant rather than a passive observer.
The work often fills the entire space,
surrounding the viewer and creating a
multisensory experience.
Site-Specificity - Each installation is created
specifically for the space it occupies, taking
into account the architecture, lighting, and
other environmental factors. The work is
designed to interact with and respond to the
unique qualities of the site.
Experimental Approach - Installation artists
often push the boundaries of traditional art
forms, experimenting with unconventional
materials, technologies, and spatial
arrangements to create innovative and
thought-provoking works.
Types of Installation and Installation in the Philippines
Types of Installation Art Installation art is a contemporary art form
features three dimensional objects; also where artists create environments or artworks in
encompasses displays of light or sound. a specific space, often incorporating various
media such as sculpture, sound, video, and
6 Types of Installation Art performance. It aims to transform the viewer's
perception of a space and evoke emotions or
1. Drawings or Paintings ideas through immersive experiences.
- Invites more interaction than a gallery wall.
Example: artfully paint-splattered walls, spaces Historical Context:
with paintings that appears like a realistic
window. 1.Emergence: Installation art gained prominence
globally in the 20th century, challenging
2. Found Objects traditional forms like painting and sculpture by
- To create this type of installation, the artist emphasizing spatial relationships and audience
arranges the objects in a specific way or they interaction.
might use them to create an unexpected 3d
object. 2.Philippine Influence: In the Philippines,
installation art emerged in the late 20th century
3. Light or Sound as artists began exploring new ways to engage
- In art installations that put light and sound front with societal issues, cultural heritage, and urban
and center, there may or may not be a 3D object landscapes.
with which the viewer can interact beyond the
room or space itself. Characteristics of Philippine Installation
Art
4. Readymade
- Artists choose to modify manufactured goods
1. Cultural Identity: Many Filipino installation
or some readymade for them to create
artists draw inspiration from indigenous culture,
installations.
colonial history, and contemporary Filipino
Example: stacking chairs or building a room with
identity.
the use of printed books.

2. Political and Social Commentary:

5. Sculptures
Installations often serve as platforms for
- Artists can come up with only one sculpture or
commentary on political issues, social
it might encompass multiple sculptures; it does
inequalities, environmental concerns, and
not need to be large. Sculptures can be displayed
urbanization.
both indoor and outdoor.

3. Multimedia Integration: Artists integrate

Example: a grove of sculpted trees.
various media such as found objects, recycled
materials, digital technology, and performance
6. Texts
to create multisensory experiences.
- Artists create the text from scratch using
traditional media, or found objects or other non-
traditional media to spell out a message in a way
that they feel like it has the most impact.
Types of Installation and Installation in the Philippines
Notable Artists and Works Influence of Global Trends

1. David Medalla: Known for his pioneering work in 1. Technological Integration: Filipino artists
kinetic sculpture and participatory art, Medalla's increasingly use digital technology and
installations often explore themes of movement and multimedia platforms to enhance interactive and
interactivity. immersive experiences.

2. Kawayan de Guia: Utilizes recycled materials and 2. Environmental Consciousness: Responding

found objects in his installations, addressing to global concerns, many installations address
environmental sustainability and consumerism. environmental degradation, climate change, and
sustainability.
3. Mark Justiniani: Creates immersive
environments through his use of mirrors and optical
illusions, inviting viewers to contemplate themes of Challenges and Opportunities
identity and perception.
1. Funding and Support: Limited institutional
4. Ling Quisumbing Ramilo: Focuses on feminist support and funding opportunities often hinder
perspectives and gender issues, using installations the creation and exhibition of large-scale
to challenge societal norms and explore personal installations.
narratives.
2. Audience Engagement: While installation art
Major Exhibitions and Installations attracts a niche audience, efforts are ongoing to
broaden its accessibility and appeal to diverse
1. Art Fair Philippines: An annual event showcasing communities.
contemporary Filipino art, including installation
pieces that reflect current trends and social issues.

2. Manila Biennale: Held irregularly, this event

features site-specific installations that engage with
historical and cultural contexts of Manila.