13 Circles and Area

13.1 Circles and Circumference

13.2 Perimeters of Composite Figures
13.3 Areas of Circles
13.4 Areas of Composite Figures

,
up with 3
“You end ou?”
the numb
er, don’t y
a y, n ow add 4 to t 12, and
“Ok y 3, subtr
ac
r.”
any numb
er multiply b ur original numbe
“Think of 1 and 9.” d iv id e b y yo
between

“What do you get when

you divide
the circumference of a
jack-o-lantern “Pumpkin pi, HE HE HE.”
by its diameter?”
What You
Learned Before
Identify the basic shapes in the figure. “The area
squared. Th of the circle is pi r
e area of th
Example 1 Example 2 is one-half e triangle
bh.”

Rectangle, right triangle Semicircle, square, and triangle

Identify the basic shapes in the figure.

1. 2. 3.

4. 5. 6.

Example 3 Evaluate 42. Example 4 Evaluate 3 62. ⋅

⋅
42 = 4 4 = 16 ⋅ ⋅ ⋅
3 62 = 3 (6 6) = 3 36 = 108⋅
42 means to multiply Use order of operations. Evaluate
4 by itself. the exponent, and then multiply.

Evaluate the expression.

7. 52 8. 122 ⋅
9. 3 22
10. 4 7⋅ 2
11. 3(1 + 8) 2
12. 2(3 + 7)2 − 3 4 ⋅
 13.1 Circles and Circumference

How can you find the circumference

of a circle?

Archimedes was a Greek mathematician, physicist,

engineer, and astronomer.
Archimedes discovered that in any circle the
ratio of circumference to diameter is always
the same. Archimedes called this ratio pi, or π
(a letter from the Greek alphabet).

circumference cumference
π = —— cir
diameter

er
In Activities 1 and 2, et radius
am
you will use the same di
strategy Archimedes
used to approximate π.

1 ACTIVITY: Approximating Pi
Work with a partner. Copy the table. Record your results in the table.
● Measure the perimeter of the large square Large Square
in millimeters. Small Square

● Measure the diameter of the circle in

millimeters.
● Measure the perimeter of the small square
in millimeters.
● Calculate the ratios of the two perimeters to
Geometry
In this lesson, you will the diameter.
● describe a circle in terms
● The average of these two ratios is an approximation of 𝛑.
of radius and diameter.
● understand the concept

of pi.
Large Diameter Small Large Perimeter Small Perimeter Average
● find circumferences Sides —— ——
Perimeter of Circle Perimeter Diameter Diameter of Ratios
of circles and perimeters
of semicircles.
4

10

548 Chapter 13 Circles and Area

A page from Sir
Cumference and the
First Round Table by
Cindy Neuschwander

2 ACTIVITY: Approximating Pi
Continue your approximation of pi. Complete the table from Activity 1 using
Math a hexagon (6 sides), an octagon (8 sides), and a decagon (10 sides).
Practice
Make Large Hexagon Large Octagon Large Decagon
Conjectures a. Small Hexagon b. Small Octagon c. Small Decagon
How can you use
the results of the
activity to find an
approximation of pi?

d. From the table, what can you conclude about the value of π ?
Explain your reasoning.
e. Archimedes calculated the value of π using polygons with 96 sides.
Do you think his calculations were more or less accurate than yours?

3. IN YOUR OWN WORDS Now that you know an approximation for pi,
explain how you can use it to find the circumference of a circle. Write
a formula for the circumference C of a circle whose diameter is d.
4. CONSTRUCTION Use a compass to draw three circles. Use your
formula from Question 3 to find the circumference of each circle.

Use what you learned about circles and circumference to complete

Exercises 9–11 on page 553.

Section 13.1 Circles and Circumference 549

13.1 Lesson
Lesson Tutorials

A circle is the set of all points in a plane that are the same distance from
Key Vocabulary a point called the center.
circle, p. 550
circle
center, p. 550
radius, p. 550
diameter, p. 550
circumference, p. 551 The radius is the distance center

pi, p. 551 from the center to any

semicircle, p. 552 point on the circle. The diameter is the
distance across the circle
through the center.

Radius and Diameter

Words The diameter d of a circle is twice the radius r. The radius r of
a circle is one-half the diameter d.
d
Algebra Diameter: d = 2r Radius: r = —
2

EXAMPLE 1 Finding a Radius and a Diameter

a. The diameter of a circle is b. The radius of a circle is
20 feet. Find the radius. 7 meters. Find the diameter.

20 ft

7m

d
r=— Radius of a circle d = 2r Diameter of a circle
2
20
=— Substitute 20 for d. = 2(7) Substitute 7 for r.
2

= 10 Divide. = 14 Multiply.

The radius is 10 feet. The diameter is 14 meters.

1. The diameter of a circle is 16 centimeters. Find the radius.

Exercises 3–8 2. The radius of a circle is 9 yards. Find the diameter.

550 Chapter 13 Circles and Area

 The distance around a circle is called the circumference. The ratio
circumference
—— is the same for every circle and is represented by the Greek
diameter
22
letter π, called pi. The value of π can be approximated as 3.14 or —.
Study Tip 7

When the radius or

diameter is a multiple
of 7, it is easier to use
22
— as the estimate of π. Circumference of a Circle C
7
Words The circumference C of a circle is
equal to π times the diameter d or d

π times twice the radius r. r

Algebra C = πd or C = 2π r

EXAMPLE 2 Finding Circumferences of Circles

a. Find the circumference of the flying disc. Use 3.14 for 𝛑.

5 in. C = 2π r Write formula for circumference.

⋅
≈ 2 3.14 5 ⋅ Substitute 3.14 for π and 5 for r.

= 31.4 Multiply.

The circumference is about 31.4 inches.

22
b. Find the circumference of the watch face. Use — for 𝛑.
7

C = πd Write formula for circumference.

22
≈ — 28
7 ⋅ 22
Substitute — for π and 28 for d.
7
28 mm
= 88 Multiply.

The circumference is about 88 millimeters.

22
Find the circumference of the object. Use 3.14 or — for 𝛑.
7
Exercises 9–11
3. 4. 5.
2 cm
m
14 ft 9 in.

Section 13.1 Circles and Circumference 551

 EXAMPLE 3 Estimating a Diameter
The circumference of the roll of caution tape decreases 10.5 inches
after a construction worker uses some of the tape. Which is the best
estimate of the diameter of the roll after the decrease?
○
A 5 inches ○
B 7 inches ○
C 10 inches ○
D 12 inches

After the decrease, the circumference of the roll is

C â 31.4 in.
31.4 − 10.5 = 20.9 inches.

C = πd Write formula for circumference.

20.9 ≈ 3.14 d ⋅ Substitute 20.9 for C and 3.14 for π.

21 ≈ 3d Round 20.9 up to 21. Round 3.14 down to 3.

7=d Divide each side by 3.

The correct answer is ○

B.

6. WHAT IF? The circumference of the roll of tape decreases

5.25 inches. Estimate the diameter of the roll after the decrease.

EXAMPLE 4 Finding the Perimeter of a Semicircular Region

A semicircle is one-half of a circle. Find
the perimeter of the semicircular region.
The straight side is 6 meters long. The distance
around the curved part is one-half the 6m
circumference of a circle with a diameter of 6 meters.
C πd
—=— Divide the circumference by 2.
2 2

≈—
3.14 6 ⋅ Substitute 3.14 for π and 6 for d.
2

= 9.42 Simplify.

So, the perimeter is about 6 + 9.42 = 15.42 meters.

Find the perimeter of the semicircular region.

7. 8. 7 cm 9.
Exercises 15 and 16

2 ft 15 in.

552 Chapter 13 Circles and Area

13.1 Exercises
Help with Homework

1. VOCABULARY What is the relationship between the radius and the diameter
of a circle?
2. WHICH ONE DOESN’T BELONG? Which phrase does not belong with the other
three? Explain your reasoning.

the distance around a circle π times twice the radius

π times the diameter the distance from the center to any point on the circle

6)=3
9+(- 3)=
3+(- 9)=
4+(- =
1)
9+(-

Find button.
d the radius of the but
1 3. 4. 5.

5 cm 28 mm 1
3 in.
2

Find the diameter of the object.

6. 7. 8.
6 cm 2 in. 0.8 ft

22
Find the circumference of the pizza. Use 3.14 or — for 𝛑.
7
2 9. 10. 11.
7 in.
10 in.
1

18 in.

12. CHOOSE TOOLS Choose a real-life circular object. Explain why you might need to
know its circumference. Then find the circumference.

Section 13.1 Circles and Circumference 553

 13. SINKHOLE A circular sinkhole has a circumference of 75.36 meters. A week
later, it has a circumference of 150.42 meters.
a. Estimate the diameter of the sinkhole each week.
b. How many times greater is the diameter of the sinkhole now compared to
the previous week?

14. REASONING Consider the circles A, B, C, and D.

A B C D

8 ft 2 ft 50 in.

10 in.

a. Without calculating, which circle has the greatest circumference?

b. Without calculating, which circle has the least circumference?

Find the perimeter of the window.

4 15. 16.

3 ft 20 cm

Find the circumferences of both circles.

17. 18. 19.
5 cm 9 ft 22 m

5 cm 2.5 ft

circumference
20. STRUCTURE Because the ratio —— is the same for every
diameter
circumference
circle, is the ratio —— the same for every circle? Explain.
radius

21. WIRE A wire is bent to form four semicircles. How long is the wire?

32 cm 32 cm 32 cm 32 cm

22. CRITICAL THINKING Explain how to draw a circle with a circumference of

π 2 inches. Then draw the circle.

554 Chapter 13 Circles and Area

23. AROUND THE WORLD “Lines” of latitude on Earth
Tropic of
are actually circles. The Tropic of Cancer is Cancer
the northernmost line of latitude at which the
Sun appears directly overhead at noon. The
Tropic of Cancer has a radius of 5854 kilometers.
To qualify for an around-the-world speed record,
a pilot must cover a distance no less than the
circumference of the Tropic of Cancer, cross all
meridians, and land on the same airfield where
he started.
a. What is the minimum distance that a pilot Equator
Meridian
must fly to qualify for an around-the-world
speed record?
b. RESEARCH Estimate the time it would take for a pilot
to qualify for the speed record.

24. PROBLEM SOLVING Bicycles in the late 1800s looked very

different than they do today.
a. How many rotations does each tire make after traveling
9 in. 60 in. 600 feet? Round your answers to the nearest whole number.
b. Would you rather ride a bicycle made with two large wheels
or two small wheels? Explain.

25. Logic The length of the minute hand is

150% of the length of the hour hand.
36 mm
a. What distance will the tip of the minute
hand move in 45 minutes? Explain how
you found your answer.
b. In 1 hour, how much farther does the tip of
the minute hand move than the tip of the
hour hand? Explain how you found your answer.

Find the perimeter of the polygon. (Skills Review Handbook)

26. 27. 28. 16 in.
6m 5m
4 ft
12 in. 12 in.
9m
7 ft
25 in.

29. MULTIPLE CHOICE What is the median of the data set? (Skills Review Handbook)
12, 25, 16, 9, 5, 22, 27, 20

○
A 7 ○
B 16 ○
C 17 ○
D 18

Section 13.1 Circles and Circumference 555

 13.2 Perimeters of Composite Figures

How can you find the perimeter of a

composite figure?

1 ACTIVITY: Finding a Pattern

Work with a partner. Describe the pattern of the perimeters. Use your pattern
to find the perimeter of the tenth figure in the sequence. (Each small square
has a perimeter of 4.)
a.

b.

c.

2 ACTIVITY: Combining Figures

Work with a partner.
a. A rancher is constructing a rectangular corral and a trapezoidal corral, as
shown. How much fencing does the rancher need to construct both corrals?

74 yd 50 yd

70 yd 70 yd 74 yd
Geometry
In this lesson, you will
● find perimeters of

composite figures. 74 yd

b. Another rancher is constructing

one corral by combining the two
corrals above, as shown. Does this
rancher need more or less fencing?
Explain your reasoning.
c. How can the rancher in part (b)
combine the two corrals to use
even less fencing?

556 Chapter 13 Circles and Area

 3 ACTIVITY: Submitting a Bid
Work with a partner. You want to bid on a tiling contract. You will be
supplying and installing the brown tile that borders the swimming pool.
In the figure, each grid square represents 1 square foot.
● Your cost for the tile is $4 per linear foot.
● It takes about 15 minutes to prepare, install, and clean each foot of tile.
a. How many brown tiles do you need for the border?
b. Write a bid for how much you will charge to supply and install the tile.
Include what you want to charge as an hourly wage. Estimate what you
think your profit will be.

Math
Practice
Communicate
Precisely
What do you need
to include to create
an accurate bid?
Explain.

4. IN YOUR OWN WORDS How can you find the perimeter of a composite
figure? Use a semicircle, a triangle, and a parallelogram to draw a
composite figure. Label the dimensions. Find the perimeter of the figure.

Use what you learned about perimeters of composite figures to

complete Exercises 3 –5 on page 560.

Section 13.2 Perimeters of Composite Figures 557

13.2 Lesson
Lesson Tutorials

A composite figure is made up of triangles, squares, rectangles,

Key Vocabulary semicircles, and other two-dimensional figures. Here are two examples.
composite figure,
p. 558 triangle semicircle

square rectangle

To find the perimeter of a composite figure, find the distance around

the figure.

EXAMPLE 1 Estimating a Perimeter Using Grid Paper

Estimate the perimeter of the arrow.

Count the number of grid

Count the number of diagonal lengths
square lengths around
around the arrow. There are 8.
the arrow. There are 20.

Estimate the
1
diagonal length
1 to be 1.5 units.

Length of 20 grid square lengths: 20 × 1 = 20 units

Length of 8 diagonal lengths: 8 × 1.5 = 12 units

So, the perimeter is about 20 + 12 = 32 units.

Estimate the perimeter of the figure.

Exercises 3–8 1. 2.

558 Chapter 13 Circles and Area

 EXAMPLE 2 Finding a Perimeter
The figure is made up of a semicircle and a
triangle. Find the perimeter.
The distance around the triangular part of the
8 ft 10 ft
figure is 6 + 8 = 14 feet.
The distance around the semicircle is
one-half the circumference of a circle with 6 ft
a diameter of 10 feet.

C πd
—=— Divide the circumference by 2.
2 2

≈—
3.14 10⋅ Substitute 3.14 for π and 10 for d.
2

= 15.7 Simplify.

So, the perimeter is about 14 + 15.7 = 29.7 feet.

EXAMPLE 3 Finding a Perimeter

The running track is made up of a rectangle and two semicircles.
Find the perimeter.
The semicircular ends of the track form a circle with a radius of
32 meters. Find its circumference.
32 m C = 2π r Write formula for circumference.

⋅
≈ 2 3.14 32 ⋅ Substitute 3.14 for π and 32 for r.
= 200.96 Multiply.
100 m
So, the perimeter is about 100 + 100 + 200.96 = 400.96 meters.

3. The figure is made up of a 4. The figure is made up of a

semicircle and a triangle. square and two semicircles.
Find the perimeter. Find the perimeter.
8m

Exercises 9–11 26 cm
10 cm

24 cm

Section 13.2 Perimeters of Composite Figures 559

13.2 Exercises
Help with Homework

1. REASONING Is the perimeter of the composite figure equal

to the sum of the perimeters of the individual figures? Explain.
2. OPEN-ENDED Draw a composite figure formed by a
parallelogram and a trapezoid.

6)=3
9+(- 3)=
3+(- 9)=
4+(- =
1)
9+(-

Estimate the perimeter of the figure.

1 3. 4. 5.

6. 7. 8.

Find the perimeter of the figure.

2 9. 5m 10. 15 in. 11. 6 cm

5m 8 in. 8 in. 4 cm
11 m

7m 9.5 cm
13 in. 13 in. 4 cm

25 in. 6.5 cm

12. ERROR ANALYSIS Describe and correct the error in finding the perimeter
of the figure.

4 in.

5 in. 5 in.
4 in.
✗ Perimeter = 4 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 4 + 5
= 25 in.
3 in.
4 in.

560 Chapter 13 Circles and Area

 Find the perimeter of the figure.
13. 7 in. 14. 12 in. 15.
5 in. 5 in. 3 ft 3 ft
5 in.
3 ft
9 in. 3 ft 3 ft
7 in. 5 in.

12 ft

16. PASTURE A farmer wants to fence a section of land

240 ft 285 ft
for a horse pasture. Fencing costs $27 per yard.
How much will it cost to fence the pasture?

450 ft 450 ft

450 ft 40% of a circle

of radius 225 ft

17. BASEBALL You run around the perimeter of 225 ft

the baseball field at a rate of 9 feet per second.
How long does it take you to run around the
baseball field? 300 ft

18. TRACK In Example 3, the running

track has six lanes. Explain why the
starting points for the six runners
are staggered. Draw a diagram as V I D E O
part of your explanation.

19. How can you add a figure

to a composite figure without increasing
its perimeter? Draw a diagram to support
your answer.

Evaluate the expression. (Skills Review Handbook)

20. 2.15(3)2 21. 4.37(8)2 22. 3.14(7)2 23. 8.2(5)2

24. MULTIPLE CHOICE Which expression is equivalent to (5y + 4) − 2(7 − 2y)?

(Skills Review Handbook)
A y − 10
○ B 9y + 18
○ C 3y − 10
○ D 9y − 10
○

Section 13.2 Perimeters of Composite Figures 561

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 13 Study Help
Graphic Organizer

You can use a word magnet to organize formulas or phrases that are associated with a
vocabulary word or term. Here is an example of a word magnet for circle.

Circle

Radius (Greek letter pi)

22
3.14 or 7

Diameter Area = s (radius)²

A = r²

Circumference
Center = 2 s s radius
C=2 r

Circumference Diameter = 2 s radius

(perimeter of d = 2r
a circle)

Make word magnets to help you study

these topics.

1. semicircle
2. composite figure
3. perimeter

After you complete this chapter, make word

magnets for the following topics.
4. area of a circle
5. area of a composite figure “I’m trying to make a word magnet for
happiness, but I can only think of two words.”

562 Chapter 13 Circles and Area

13.1– 13.2 Quiz
Progress Check

1. The diameter of a circle is 36 centimeters. Find the radius. (Section

i 13.1))

2. The radius of a circle is 11 inches. Find the diameter. (Section 13.1)

Estimate the perimeter of the figure. (Section 13.2)

3. 4. 5.

22
Find the circumference of the circle. Use 3.14 or — for 𝛑. (Section 13.1)
7
6. 7. 8.

6 mm
1.5 ft 7 cm

Find the perimeter of the figure. (Section 13.1 and Section 13.2)
9. 8 in. 10. 11.
8 ft 6 ft

20 in.
12 in. 8 ft

24 in. 3 ft
10 ft

12. BUTTON What is the circumference of a circular button with a diameter

of 8 millimeters? (Section 13.1)

12 ft 13. GARDEN You want to fence part of a yard to make a

vegetable garden. How many feet of fencing do you
need to surround the garden? (Section 13.2)

14 ft 8 ft 14. BAKING A baker is using two circular pans. The larger pan
10 ft has a diameter of 12 inches. The smaller pan has a diameter
of 7 inches. How much greater is the circumference of the
larger pan than that of the smaller pan? (Section 13.1)
18 ft

Sections 13.1–13.2 Quiz 563

 13.3 Areas of Circles

How can you find the area of a circle?

1 ACTIVITY: Estimating the Area of a Circle

Work with a partner. Each square in the grid is 1 unit by 1 unit.
a. Find the area of the large 10-by-10 square.
b. Copy and complete the table.

Region

Area (square units)

c. Use your results to estimate the area of the circle.

Explain your reasoning.

Geometry
In this lesson, you will
● find areas of circles

and semicircles.

d. Fill in the blanks. Explain your reasoning.

Area of large square = ⋅ 5 square units

2

Area of circle ≈ ⋅ 5 square units

2

e. What dimension of the circle does 5 represent? What can you conclude?

564 Chapter 13 Circles and Area

 2 ACTIVITY: Approximating the Area of a Circle
Work with a partner.
a. Draw a circle. Label the radius as r.
b. Divide the circle into 24 equal sections.

c. Cut the sections apart. Then arrange them to approximate

a parallelogram.

Math
Practice
Interpret a
Solution
What does the
area of the
parallelogram
represent? Explain.

d. What is the approximate height and base of the parallelogram?

e. Find the area of the parallelogram. What can you conclude?

3. IN YOUR OWN WORDS How can you find the area of a circle?

4. Write a formula for the area of a circle with radius r. Find an object
that is circular. Use your formula to find the area.

Use what you learned about areas of circles to complete

Exercises 3–5 on page 568.

Section 13.3 Areas of Circles 565

13.3 Lesson
Lesson Tutorials

Area of a Circle
Words The area A of a circle is the product of π and the square of
the radius.
Algebra A = πr2

EXAMPLE 1 Finding Areas of Circles

22
a. Find the area of the circle. Use — for 𝛑 .
7
7 cm
Estimate 3 × 7 2 ≈ 3 × 50 = 150

A = πr2 Write formula for area.

22
≈ — 72
7 ⋅ 22
Substitute — for π and 7 for r.
7
7
22
= — 49
7 ⋅ Evaluate 7 2. Divide out the common factor.
1
= 154 Multiply.

The area is about 154 square centimeters.

Reasonable? 154 ≈ 150 ✓

b. Find the area of the circle. Use 3.14 for 𝛑.
The radius is 26 ÷ 2 = 13 inches.
26 in.
Estimate 3 × 132 ≈ 3 × 170 = 510

A = πr2 Write formula for area.

⋅
≈ 3.14 13 2 Substitute 3.14 for π and 13 for r.
= 3.14 ⋅ 169 Evaluate 132.
= 530.66 Multiply.

The area is about 530.66 square inches.

Reasonable? 530.66 ≈ 510 ✓

1. Find the area of a circle with a radius of 6 feet. Use 3.14 for π.
Exercises 3–10 22
2. Find the area of a circle with a diameter of 28 meters. Use —
7
for π.

566 Chapter 13 Circles and Area

 EXAMPLE 2 Describing a Distance
You want to find the distance the monster truck travels when the tires
make one 360-degree rotation. Which best describes this distance?
A
○ the radius of the tire B the diameter of the tire
○
C
○ the circumference of the tire D the area of the tire
○
The distance the truck travels after one rotation is the same
as the distance around the tire. So, the circumference of the
tire best describes the distance in one rotation.

C .
The correct answer is ○

3. You want to find the height of one of the tires. Which measurement
would best describe the height?

EXAMPLE 3 Finding the Area of a Semicircle

Find the area of the semicircular orchestra pit.
stage
The area of the orchestra pit is one-half the area
of a circle with a diameter of 30 feet.
The radius of the circle is 30 ÷ 2 = 15 feet.
A πr2
—=— Divide the area by 2.
orchestra 2 2
30 ft
pit
≈— ⋅
3.14 152
Substitute 3.14 for π and 15 for r.
2

=— ⋅
3.14 225
Evaluate 152.
2

= 353.25 Simplify.

So, the area of the orchestra pit is about 353.25 square feet.

Find the area of the semicircle.

Exercises 13–15 4. 5. 5 yd 6.
11 cm

8m

Section 13.3 Areas of Circles 567

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13.3 Exercises
Help with Homework

1. VOCABULARY Explain how to find the area of a circle given its diameter.
2. DIFFERENT WORDS, SAME QUESTION Which is different? Find “both” answers.

What is the area of a circle What is the area of a circle

with a diameter of 1 m? with a diameter of 100 cm?

What is the area of a circle What is the area of a circle

with a radius of 100 cm? with a radius of 500 mm?

6)=3
9+(- 3)=
3+(- 9)=
4+(- =
1)
9+(-

22
Find the area of the circle. Use 3.14 or — for 𝛑 .
7
1 3. 4. 5.
9 mm 14 cm 10 in.

6. 7. 8.

3 in.
2 cm 1.5 ft

Jupiter Inlet
9. Find the area of a circle with a diameter of 56 millimeters. Lighthouse
18 mi

10. Find the area of a circle with a radius of 5 feet.

PALM BEACH

11. TORTILLA The diameter of a flour tortilla is 12 inches.

Hillsboro Inlet
What is the area? Lighthouse
BROWARD
BROW
W ARD 28 mi
12. LIGHTHOUSE The Hillsboro Inlet Lighthouse lights up how
much more area than the Jupiter Inlet Lighthouse?

568 Chapter 13 Circles and Area

 Find the area of the semicircle.
3 13. 14. 15.

40 cm 24 in
in. 2 ft

16. REPEATED REASONING Consider five circles

with radii of 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 inches. Radius Circumference Area

a. Copy and complete the table. Write your 1 2π in. π in.2

answers in terms of π. 2
b. Compare the areas and circumferences.
4
What happens to the circumference of a
circle when you double the radius? What 8
happens to the area?
16
c. What happens when you triple the radius?

17. DOG A dog is leashed to the corner of a house. How much running
area does the dog have? Explain how you found your answer.

18. CRITICAL THINKING Is the area of a semicircle with a diameter

20 ft
of x greater than, less than, or equal to the area of a circle with
1
a diameter of —x ? Explain.
2

Find the area of the shaded region. Explain how you found your answer.
19. 20. 21.

9m 4 ft
5 in.

4 ft
9m

Evaluate the expression. (Skills Review Handbook)

1
22. — (7)(4) + 6(5)
2
1
⋅
23. — 82 + 3(7)
2
24. 12(6) + — 22
1
4 ⋅
1 2
25. MULTIPLE CHOICE What is the product of −8 — and 3 — ? (Skills Review Handbook)
3 5
1 2 2 1
A −28 —
○ B −24 —
○ C 24 —
○ D 28 —
○
3 15 15 3

Section 13.3 Areas of Circles 569

 13.4 Areas of Composite Figures

How can you find the area of

a composite figure?

1 ACTIVITY: Estimating Area

Work with a partner.
a. Choose a state. On grid paper, draw a larger outline of the state.
b. Use your drawing to estimate the area (in square miles) of the state.
c. Which state areas are easy to find? Which are difficult? Why?

WA
NH ME
MT ND VT
MN
OR
WI MA
ID SD NY
WY MI RI
IA PA CT
NV NE NJ
IN OH DE
UT IL
CO WV VA MD
CA KS MO
KY
NC
TN
AZ OK AR SC
NM
MS AL GA
TX LA

FL
HI

Geometry 0 500 miles

In this lesson, you will AK
● find areas of composite

figures by separating them

into familiar figures.
● solve real-life problems.

570 Chapter 13 Circles and Area

 2 ACTIVITY: Estimating Areas
Work with a partner. The completed puzzle has an
area of 150 square centimeters.
a. Estimate the area of each puzzle piece.
b. Check your work by adding the six areas.
Why is this a check?

3 ACTIVITY: Filling a Square with Circles

Work with a partner. Which pattern fills more of the square with circles?
Math Explain.
Practice
Make a Plan a. b.
What steps will
you use to solve
this problem? 8 8

8 8

c. d.

8 8

8 8

4. IN YOUR OWN WORDS How can you find the area of a composite figure?
5. Summarize the area formulas for all the basic figures you have studied.
Draw a single composite figure that has each type of basic figure.
Label the dimensions and find the total area.

Use what you learned about areas of composite figures to complete

Exercises 3–5 on page 574.

Section 13.4 Areas of Composite Figures 571

13.4 Lesson
Lesson Tutorials

To find the area of a composite figure, separate it into figures with areas
you know how to find. Then find the sum of the areas of those figures.

EXAMPLE 1 Finding an Area Using Grid Paper

Find the area of the yellow figure.

Count the number of

Count the number of half squares
squares that lie entirely in
in the figure. There are 5.
the figure. There are 45.

The area of a half square is 1 ÷ 2 = 0.5 square unit.

Area of 45 squares: 45 × 1 = 45 square units
Area of 5 half squares: 5 × 0.5 = 2.5 square units

So, the area is 45 + 2.5 = 47.5 square units.

Find the area of the shaded figure.

Exercises 3–8 1. 2.

572 Chapter 13 Circles and Area

 EXAMPLE 2 Finding an Area
Find the area of the portion of the 19 ft
basketball court shown.
The figure is made up of a rectangle and 12 ft
a semicircle. Find the area of each figure.

Area of Rectangle Area of Semicircle

π r2
A = ℓw A=—
2
The semicircle has a
= 19(12)
≈—
3.14 6 ⋅ 2 12
radius of — = 6 feet.
2
= 228 2

= 56.52

So, the area is about 228 + 56.52 = 284.52 square feet.

EXAMPLE 3 Finding an Area

8 cm Find the area of the figure.

The figure is made up of a triangle, a rectangle, and a parallelogram.
4.5 cm
Find the area of each figure.
11.2 cm
6.7 cm Area of Triangle Area of Rectangle Area of Parallelogram
1
A = —bh A = ℓw A = bh
8 cm 2
= 8(4.5) = 8(6.7)
1
= —(11.2)(4.5)
2 = 36 = 53.6

= 25.2

So, the area is 25.2 + 36 + 53.6 = 114.8 square centimeters.

Find the area of the figure.

Exercises 9 and 10 3. 9m 4. 2 ft

7m

2 ft 2 ft

6m

2 ft

Section 13.4 Areas of Composite Figures 573

13.4 Exercises
Help with Homework

4 in.
1. REASONING Describe two different ways to find the
2 in.
area of the figure. Name the types of figures you used
and the dimensions of each.
8 in.
2. REASONING Draw a trapezoid. Explain how you can
think of the trapezoid as a composite figure to find
its area.
10 in.

6)=3
9+(- 3)=
3+(- 9)=
4+(- =
1)
9+(-

Find the area of the figure.

1 3. 4. 5.

6. 7. 8.

Find the area of the figure.

2 3 9. 7 cm 10.
4 cm 4 cm
15 ft 15 ft
10 cm 8 cm 10 cm

4 ft
19 cm

11. OPEN-ENDED Trace your hand and your foot on

grid paper. Then estimate the area of each. Which
one has the greater area?

574 Chapter 13 Circles and Area

Find the area of the figure.
12. 13 m 13. 14.
6m 5 in.
6 ft
8m

2 in. 4 in.
4m 4m 6 ft
5 in.

15. STRUCTURE The figure is made up of a

square and a rectangle. Find the area of
the shaded region.
7m

3m

16 m

20 ft 20 ft
16. FOUNTAIN The fountain is made up of two
semicircles and a quarter circle. Find the
perimeter and the area of the fountain.

17. You are deciding on two different designs for envelopes.

5.5 in.

2.5 in. 2 in.

0.75 in. 0.75 in.

5.5 in. 3 in.
4 in. 4.5 in. 4 in.
4.5 in.

3 in.
3.5 in.
2.5 in.

a. Which design has the greater area?

b. You make 500 envelopes using the design with the greater area.
Using the same amount of paper, how many more envelopes can
you make with the other design?

Write the phrase as an expression. (Skills Review Handbook)

18. 12 less than a number x 19. a number y divided by 6
20. a number b increased by 3 21. the product of 7 and a number w
22. MULTIPLE CHOICE What number is 0.02% of 50? (Skills Review Handbook)

○
A 0.01 ○
B 0.1 ○
C 1 ○
D 100

Section 13.4 Areas of Composite Figures 575

 13.3– 13.4 Quiz
Progress Check

Find the area of the figure. (Section 13.4)

1. 2. 3.

22
Find the area of the circle. Use 3.14 or — for 𝛑. (Section 13.3)
7
4. 5. 6.

12 in.

1
6 cm 3 in.
2

Find the area of the figure. (Section 13.4)

7. 8. 9. 10 cm
9 ft 15 cm 10 cm
12 ft 4m
50 cm
2m
40 cm
12 ft
6m

40 cm

10. POT HOLDER A knitted pot holder is shaped like a circle.

Its radius is 3.5 inches. What is its area? (Section 13.3)

11. CARD The heart-shaped card is made up of a square

and two semicircles. What is the area of the card?
(Section 13.4) 8 cm
m 8 ccm

14 ft
f 12. DESK A desktop is shaped like a semicircle
with a diameter of 28 inches. What is the area of
the desktop? (Section 13.3)

13. RUG The circular rug is placed on a square floor. The rug
touches all four walls. How much of the floor space is
not covered by the rug? (Section 13.4)

576 Chapter 13 Circles and Area

13 Chapter Review
Vocabulary Help

Review Key Vocabulary

circle, p. 550 circumference, p. 551
center, p. 550 pi, p. 551
radius, p. 550 semicircle, p. 552
diameter, p. 550 composite figure, p. 558

Review Examples and Exercises

13.1 Circles and Circumference (pp. 548–555)

Find the circumference of the circle. Use 3.14 for 𝛑.

The radius is 4 millimeters.

4 mm
C = 2π r Write formula for circumference.

⋅
≈ 2 3.14 4 ⋅ Substitute 3.14 for π and 4 for r.

= 25.12 Multiply.

The circumference is about 25.12 millimeters.

Find the radius of the circle with the given diameter.

1. 8 inches 2. 60 millimeters
3. 100 meters 4. 3 yards

Find the diameter of the circle with the given radius.

5. 20 feet 6. 5 meters
7. 1 inch 8. 25 millimeters

22
Find the circumference of the circle. Use 3.14 or — for 𝛑.
7
9. 10. 11.

3 ft 21 cm 42 in.

Chapter Review 577

 13.2 Perimeters of Composite Figures (pp. 556–561)

The figure is made up of a semicircle and a square. Find the perimeter.

The distance around the square part is 6 + 6 + 6 = 18 meters. The distance around
the semicircle is one-half the circumference of a circle with d = 6 meters.
C πd
—=— Divide the circumference by 2.
2 2

≈—
3.14 6⋅ Substitute 3.14 for π and 6 for d.
2
6m
= 9.42 Simplify.

So, the perimeter is about 18 + 9.42 = 27.42 meters.

Find the perimeter of the figure.

12. 13. 14.

5 in. 9 ft

9 ft 13 cm 15 cm
4 in. 5 in. 9 ft
3 in.
9 ft
9 in. 10 cm
10 cm
30 ft
14 cm

15. 20 mm 20 mm 16. 4 in. 17. 6 cm

10 cm
4 in. 6 in. 8 cm
16 mm
12 cm

6 in.

13.3 Areas of Circles (pp. 564–569)

Find the area of the circle. Use 3.14 for 𝛑.

A = πr2 Write formula for area.

⋅
≈ 3.14 20 2 Substitute 3.14 for π and 20 for r. 40 yd

= 1256 Multiply.

The area is about 1256 square yards.

578 Chapter 13 Circles and Area

 22
Find the area of the circle. Use 3.14 or — for 𝛑.
7
18. 19. 20.

4 in. 11 cm 42 mm

13.4 Areas of Composite Figures (pp. 570–575)

Find the area of the figure.

13 mi

10 mi

26 mi 24 mi

The figure is made up of a rectangle, a triangle and a semicircle.

Find the area of each figure.
Area of Rectangle Area of Triangle Area of Semicircle
1 πr2
A = ℓw A = — bh A=—
2 2
= 26(10) 1
= —(10)(24) ≈— ⋅
3.14 132
= 260 2 2

= 120 = 265.33

So, the area is about 260 + 120 + 265.33 = 645.33 square miles.

Find the area of the figure.

21. 22. 23.

6 ft
2 in.
2 in.
4 ft
5 ft 5 ft
3 in.

4 in.
2 in.
10 in.
5 in.

Chapter Review 579

 13 Chapter Test
Test Practice

Find the radius of the circle with the given diameter.

1. 10 inches 2. 5 yards

Find the diameter of the circle with the given radius.

3. 34 feet 4. 19 meters

22
Find the circumference and the area of the circle. Use 3.14 or — for 𝛑.
7
5. 6. 7.

4 ft 1m 70 in.

8. Estimate the perimeter of the figure.

Then find the area.

22
Find the perimeter and the area of the figure. Use 3.14 or — for 𝛑.
7
9. 5m 5m 10. 6 in. 2 in. 11. 7 m 14 m 7m
3m 10 in. 10 in.
6 in.
4m 12 in. 8 in.
14 m
8m

12. MUSEUM A museum plans to rope off the perimeter of 60 ft

the L-shaped exhibit. How much rope does it need?
Exhibit 20 ft
40 ft

13. ANIMAL PEN You unfold chicken wire to make a circular

pen with a diameter of 2.9 meters. How many meters of 20 ft
chicken wire do you need?

14. YIN AND YANG In the Chinese symbol for yin and yang, the
dashed curve shows two semicircles formed by the curve
separating the yin (dark) and the yang (light). Is the circumference
of the entire yin and yang symbol less than, greater than, or
equal to the perimeter of the yin?

580 Chapter 13 Circles and Area

13 Cumulative Assessment
Test-Takin
g Strateg
Answer E y
1. To make 6 servings of soup, you need 5 cups asy Ques
tions Firs
of chicken broth. You want to know how many t
servings you can make with 2 quarts of chicken
broth. Which proportion should you use?
6 2 6 x
A. — = — C. — = —
5 x 5 8
6 x 5 x
B. — = — D. — = —
5 2 6 8

2. What is the value of x?

“Scan th
e
questio test and answ
ns first. er the e
radius is You k asy
half the now that the
diamete
(2x à 1)í r.”
85í

3. Your mathematics teacher described an equation in words. Her description is in

the box below.

“5 less than the product of 7 and an

unknown number is equal to 42.”

Which equation matches your mathematics teacher’s description?

F. (5 − 7)n = 42 H. 5 − 7n = 42

G. (7 − 5)n = 42 I. 7n − 5 = 42

( 22
4. What is the area of the circle below? Use — for π .
7 )
84 cm

A. 132 cm2 C. 5544 cm2

B. 264 cm2 D. 22,176 cm2

Cumulative Assessment 581

 5. John was finding the area of the figure below.

3
3 3

John’s work is in the box below.

area of horizontal rectangle

A = 3 × (3 + 3 + 3)
=3×9
= 27 square units

area of vertical rectangle

A = (3 + 3 + 3) × 3
=9×3
= 27 square units

total area of figure

A = 27 + 27
= 54 square units

What should John do to correct the error that he made?

F. Add the area of the center square to the 54 square units.

G. Find the area of one square and multiply this number by 4.

H. Subtract the area of the center square from the 54 square units.

I. Subtract 54 from the area of a large square that is 9 units on each side.

6. Which value of x makes the equation below true?

5x − 3 = 11

A. 1.6 C. 40

B. 2.8 D. 70

582 Chapter 13 Circles and Area

 7. What is the perimeter of the figure below? (Use 3.14 for π.)

8. Which inequality has 5 in its solution set?

F. 5 − 2x ≥ 3 H. 8 − 3x > −7

G. 3x − 4 ≥ 8 I. 4 − 2x < −6

9. Four jewelry stores are selling an identical pair of earrings.

● Store A: original price of $75; 20% off during sale
● Store B: original price of $100; 35% off during sale
● Store C: original price of $70; 10% off during sale
● Store D: original price of $95; 30% off during sale
Which store has the least sale price for the pair of earrings?
A. Store A C. Store C

B. Store B D. Store D

10. A lawn sprinkler sprays water onto part of a circular region, as

shown below.

20 ft

Part A What is the area, in square feet, of the region that the sprinkler
sprays with water? Show your work and explain your reasoning.
(Use 3.14 for π .)
Part B What is the perimeter, in feet, of the region that the sprinkler
sprays with water? Show your work and explain your reasoning.
(Use 3.14 for π .)

Cumulative Assessment 583