DATE: March 14,2022
NAME:
EXPERIMENT NUMBER 8
SKILLS ASSESSED: ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
TITLE: OHM’S LAW.
PhetSimulation
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AIM: To establish the current-voltage relationship for a metallic conductor and
find its resistance.
THEORY:
Ohm’s Law is the current (I) through a conductor which is proportional to the
potential difference (V) between its ends, given that temperature and other
physical conditions remain constant. V=IR: This equation means that the Voltage
(potential difference) is proportional to the Current (I) through a conductor and
the constant of (R) which is the resistance of the conductor.
Voltage is the amount of potential difference between two points in a circuit. The
sum of the potential difference is equal to the total potential difference across the
group in a series circuit.
Current is the amount of charge flowing through a circuit at a given time. The
current through a conductor remains the same at all points in a series circuit.
Resistance is the opposition of the flow of current. Therefore the resistance of
the conductor can be found by dividing the Voltage (pd) by Current (I). R=V/I
APPARATUS: Resistor, rheostat slide, Ammeter, Voltmeter, battery, wires,
switch.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM FOR VERIFYING OHM’S LAW IN A LABORATORY
PROCEDURE:
1. The apparatus was connected as shown in figure.
2. The connections were made neat, clean and tight according to the
diagram.
3. The positive marked terminals of voltmeter and ammeter were joined
towards the positive side of the cell.
4. The rheostat (variable resistor) was adjusted so as to pass minimum
current.
5. The switch was closed and the rheostat contact was slid to see if the
ammeter and voltmeter were working properly.
6. The sliding contact of the rheostat was adjusted so that a small current
passed through the resistance coil or resistance wire.
7. The value of potential difference V from voltmeter and current I from
ammeter were recorded.
8. Repeated the experiment for the different values of pd and current.
9. A graph of voltage against current is plotted.
VARIABLES:
Manipulated: Voltage
Responding: Current
Controlled: Battery voltage
OBSERVATIONS
Table showing a ammeter and voltmeter readings and the calculated values for
resistance
TRIAL AMMETER READING, VOLTMETER RESISTANCE, R/𝝮
I/A READING, V/V (R = V / I)
1 0.20 2 10
2 0.40 4 10
3 0.60 6 10
4 0.80 8.04 10.05
5 0.90 9 10
RESULTS: The resistance of the given wire /coil = 10.01Ω
DISCUSSION:
The nature of the graph obtained was a straight line graph. Its significance is to show direct
proportionality. The given conductor was in fact ohmic because the current was directly
proportional to the voltage. The slope/gradient of the graph was found to be 10Ω. The
relationship between voltage and current is Ohm’s Law, and the slope of the line from the graph
of the two is the value of the resistance in the circuit.
PRECAUTIONS: Ensure the connection's integrity is sound.
Parallax Error should be avoided when voltmeter readings are
being taken.
CONCLUSION: The law for current carrying conductors states; the current flowing in a
conductor of resistance (R) is directly proportional to the voltage applied and its resistance was
found to be 10.01Ω.
SKILLS ASSESSED: OBSERVATION, RECORDING AND REPORTING
CRITERIA ASSESSED Marks
1. Report presented in a sequential order. 1
2. Stating correct equations for calculating volume and density. 1
3. Recording of voltage and current correctly. 2
4. Appropriate tabulations in columns with proper units. 1
5.. Graph with appropriate title, scale and correctly labelled axes,. 3
6. Correct reporting of mean resistance, R, in SI units 1
7. Appropriate conclusion of the current-voltage relationship for a metallic 1
conductor
TOTAL /10
