Class- 12 Solution SET- 1

1. Mixture(s) showing positive deviation from Raoult’s law at 35°C is (are) :

(a) carbon tetrachloride + methanol (b) carbon disulphate + acetone
(c) benzene + toluene (d) phenol + aniline
Ans. (a), (b)
2. A beaker contains a solution of substance ‘A’. Precipation of substance ‘A’ takes place
when small amount of ‘A’ is added to the solution. The solution is ………..
(a) saturated (b) supersaturated (c) unsaturated (d) concentrated
Ans. (b)
In super saturated solution, substance starts precipitating.
3. In comparision to a 0.01 M solution of glucose, the depression in freezing point of a
0.01 M MgCl2 solution is ……………..
(a) the same (b) about twice (c) about three times
(d) about six times
Ans. (c)
0.01 M glucose (i = 1) and 0.01 M MgCl2 (i = 3)
Since Tf = iKf m, MgCl2 will show about three times depression in freezing point.
4. Two liquids A and B are mixed and the resulting solution is found to be cooler. What
do you conclude about deviation from ideal behaviour?
Ans. The solution shows positive deviation from ideal behaviour.
5. Which colligative property is preferred for the molar mass determination of
macromolecules? Why?
Ans. Osmotic pressure measurement is preferred over all colligative properties because
(i) even in dilute solutions, the osmotic pressure values are appreciably high and
can be measured accurately.
(ii) osmotic pressure can be measured at room temperature. On the other hand,
elevation in boiling point is measured at high temperature where the solute may
decompose. The depression in freezing point is measured at low temperatures.
6. Boiling point of water at 750 mm Hg is 99.63°C. How much sugar is to be added to
500 g of water such that it boils at 100°C.
Ans. Tb = 100 − 99.63 = 0.37
K b  100  WB
MB =
W A  Tb
 0.522  1000  WB
342 =
500  0.37
342  500  0.37
WB = = 121.7 g
0.522  1000
7. 19.5 g of CH2FCOOH is dissolved in 500 g of water. The depression in the freezing
point of water observed is 1.0°C. Calculate the Van’t Hoff factor and dissociation
constant of fluoroacetic acid.
Ans. Molecular mass of CH2FCOOH
2  12 + 3  1 + 1  19 + 2  16 = 78
19.5
Moles of CH2FCOOH = = 0.25
78
0.25  1000
Molality = = 0.50 m
500
Tf = Kf  m
= 1.86  0.50 = 0.93 K
Van’t Hoff factor
Observed freezing point depression
=
Calculated freezing point depression
1.0
= = 1.0753
0.93
CH2FCOOH dissociates as :
CH2FCOOH CH2FCOO- + H+
Initial conc. m 0 0
After dissociation m(1 - ) m m
( is degree of dissociation)
8. Vapour pressure of water at 293 K is 17.535 mm Hg. Calculate the vapour pressure of
water at 293 K when 25 g of glucose is dissolved in 450 g of water.
p − p W MA
Ans. = x2 = B
p MB WA
17.535 − p 25  18
=
17.535 180  450
17.535 − p
= 5.56  10 − 3
17.535
 17.535 – 9 = 0.0975
 p = 17.438 mm Hg
9. The air is a mixture of number of gases. The major components are oxygen and nitrogen
with approximate proportion of 20% is to 79% by volume at 298 K. The water is in
equilibrium with air at a pressure of 10 atm. Henry’s law constants for oxygen and
nitrogen at 298 K are 3.30  107 mm and 6.51  107 mm respectively. Calculate the
composition of these gases in water.
Ans. The vapour pressure of air over water = 10 atm. The partial pressure of N2 and O2 are
79  10
pN2 = = 7.9 atm
100
= 7.9  760 mm = 6004 mm Hg
20  10
pO 2 = = 2.0 atm
100
= 2.0  760 mm Hg = 1520 mm Hg
Applying Henry’s law
p N 2 = K H (N 2 )  x N 2

pO2 1520
or xO 2 = =
K H (O2 ) 3.30  10 7

= 4.6  10-5
10. Determine the amount of CaCl2 (i = 2.47) dissolved in 2.5 litre of water such that its
osmotic pressure is 0.75 atm at 27°C.
Ans. For CaCl2, i = 2.47
 = i cRT
nB
=i  RT
V
2.47  n B  0.082  300
0.75 =
2.5
0.75  2.5
nB =
2.47  0.082  300
= 0.0308 mol.
11. Why is a person suffering from high blood pressure is advised to take minimum
quantity of common salt?
Ans. Osmotic pressure is directly proportional to the concentration of the solutes. Our body
fluids contain a number of solutes. If a person takes more salt, the concentration of Na+
 and Cl- ions entering into the body fluid, raises the concentration of the solutes. As a
result, osmotic pressure increases which may rupture the blood cells.
12. The boiling point of benzene is 353.23 K. When 1.30 g of a non-volatile solute was
dissolved in 90 g of benzene, the boiling point is raised to 354.11 K. Calculate the molar
mass of solute. (Kb for benzene = 2.53 K kg mol-1)
Ans. Molar mass of a substance can be calculate as
K b  wB  1000
MB =
Tb  w A
Kb = 2.53 K kg mol-1, wB = 1.80 g, wA = 90 g
Tb = 354.11 – 353.23 = 0.88 K
2.53  1.80  1000
 MB = = 57.5 g mol −1
90  0.88
Class- 12 Solution SET- 2
1. Non-ideal solutions showing negative deviations are :
(a) acetone + ethyl alcohol (b) acetic acid + pyridine
(c) chloroform + benzene (d) carbon tetrachloride + toluene
Ans. (b), (c)
2. On dissolving sugar in water at room temperature solution feels cool to touch. Under
which of the following cases dissolution of sugar will be most rapid?
(a) Sugar crystals in cold water (b) Sugar crystals in hot water
(c) Powdered sugar in cold water (d) Powdered sugar in hot water
Ans. (d)
Since the solution is cool to touch, the dissolution is endothermic. Therefore, high
temperature will favour dissolution. Further, powdered sugar has large surface area and
is favourable for dissolution.
3. Which of the following aqueous solutions should have the highest boiling point?
(a) 1.0 M NaOH (b) 1.0 M Na2SO4 (c) 1.0 M NH4NO3 (d) 1.0 M KNO3
Ans. (b)
1.0 M Na2SO4 because i = 3.
4. Maximum boiling point azeotrops show which type of deviation from Raoult’s law?
Ans.
5. 2 g of benzoic acid (C6H5COOH) dissolved in 25 g of benzene shows a depression in
freezing point equal to 1.62 K. Molar depression constant for benzene is 4.9 K kg mol-
1
. What is the percentage association of acid if it forms double molecules (dimer) in
solution?
Ans. Let us first calculate observed molar mass,
K f  wB  1000
MB =
T f  w A

wB = 2g, wA = 25 g, Tf = 1.62 K

Kf = 4.9 K kg mol-1
4.9  2  1000
MB = = 241.98 g mol −1
1.62  25
Observed molar mass = 241.98 mol-1
Normal molar mass of C6H5COOH
= 7  12 + 6  1 + 2  16 = 122 g mol-1
 Benzoic acid associates as :
2C6H5COOH (C6H5COOH)2
If  is the degree of association
Initial moles 1 0
Moles after association 1- /2
Total moles after association = 1 -  + /2 = 1 - /2
Normal molar mass 122
i= = = 0.504
Observed molar mass 241.98

1−
Now i= 2 = 0.504
1

− = 0.504 − 1
2

− = −0.496
2
 = 0.496  2 = 0.992
Thus, degree of association of benzoic acid in benzene = 99.2%
6. Calculate the mass of ascorbic acid (Vitamin C, C6H8O6) to be dissolved in 75 g of
acetic acid to lower its melting point by 1.5°C. Kf = 3.9 K kg mol-1.
Ans. Tf = 1.5°
M = 6  12 + 1  8 + 6  16 = 176
K f  1000  WB
M =
W A  T f

3.9  1000  WB
176 =
75  1.5
176  75  1.5
WB = = 5.08 g
3.9  1000
7. Determine the osmotic pressure of a solution prepared by dissolving 25 mg of K 2SO4
in 2 litre of water at 25°C, assuming that it is completely dissociated.
Ans. If K2SO4 is completely dissociated,
K2SO4 2K+ + SO42-
i=3
Mol. Mass of K2SO4 = 2  39 + 32 + 4  16 = 174
 = i cRT
 WB  RT
=i
M B V

3  25  10 −3  0.082  298
=
174  2.0
= 5.27  10-3 atm
8. Why water cannot be separated completely from ethanol by fractional distillation?
Ans. Ethanol and water (95.4% ethanol and 4.6% H2O) form a constant boiling mixture
(azeotrope) boiling at 351.5 K. Hence, further water cannot be removed by fractional
distillation.
9. 45 g of ethylene glycol (C2H6O2) is mixed with 600 g of water. Calculate the freezing
point depression. (Kf for water = 1.86 K kg mol-1)
K f  wB  1000
Ans. T f =
wA  M B
wA = 600 g, wB = 45 g, Kf = 1.86 K kg mol-1
MB = 2  12 + 6  1 + 2  16 = 62 mol-1
1.86  45  1000
 T f =
600  62
= 2.25 K
 Freezing point depression = 2.25 K
10. Define the following terms :
(i) Molarity
(ii) Molal elevation constant (Kb)
K b  wB  1000
Ans. Tb =
M B  wA

1.15  5  1000
= = 1.28
60  75