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attachment, loyalty, and pro-environmental behaviour matter?. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism
Research, 24(3), 250-267.

, Giotis, & Papadionysiou, (2022). The role of managerial and technological innovations in the
tourism industry: review of the empirical literature. Sustainability, 14(9), 5182.

Baloglu, S. (2001). An investigation of a loyalty typology and the multidestination loyalty of

international travelers. Tourism Analysis, 6(1), 41-52.

Damanik, J., & Yusuf, M. (2022). Effects of perceived value, expectation, visitor management,
and visitor satisfaction on revisit intention to Borobudur Temple, Indonesia. Journal of Heritage
Tourism, 17(2), 174-189.

Deng, W., Lu, C., Lin, Y., & Chen, W. (2021). A study on the effect of tourists value co-creation
on the perceived value of souvenirs: mediating role of psychological ownership and authenticity.
Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 26(2), 200-214. Kumail, T., Qeed, M. A. A.,
Aburumman, A., Abbas, S. M., & Sadiq, F. (2022). How destination brand equity and destination
brand authenticity influence destination visit intention: evidence from the United Arab Emirates.
Journal of Promotion Management, 28(3), 332-358. Ponting, S. S. A. (2022). Responding to
organizational identity change: ethnographic insights from multinational hotel subsidiaries.
Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology, 13(1), 14-33. Lee, Y. K., Pei, F., Ryu, K. S., &
Choi, S. (2019). Why the tripartite relationship of place attachment, loyalty, and pro-
environmental behaviour matter?. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 24(3), 250-267..
(.) . Retrieved from

According to the Merriam Webster dictionary, home stay is "a place hosted by a local family for
travelers, especially visiting foreign students." It can be said that homestay accommodation is a
kind of tourist product. Lanier and Berman (1993) define an apartment as "a private residence
where spare rooms are rented out to increase income and meet friends". Nepal Government Act
"Family Work Procedures 2067 B.S." defines home stay as " a place of residence where a
homestay family provides food, accommodation and other services to their guests and individual
employees or community groups". The program also divides homes into two types: one is a
private homestay inner-city homestay and the other is a rural homestay program. For LDCs like
Nepal, tourism can be an important source of economic development (Biswakarma, 2015). The
city's main poverty reduction goal can be achieved by developing tourism and providing
alternative livelihoods in remote areas (Espiner et al., 2017). Since the 1990s, the Government of
Nepal has prioritized the tourism industry with the support of community organizations to
provide economic benefits to disadvantaged groups (Bhandari, 2019). Historically, tourism in
Nepal started after colonial rule in the 1950s when international tourists were allowed to enter
the country (Biswakarma, 2015). Later, different leaders supported tourism by following the
policy process of the country (Regmi and Walter, 2017). However, Nepal began gaining
international success as a tourist destination when climbing began in 1953 (MCTCA, 2017).
Nepal has a diverse ethnic and cultural heritage that is beneficial for tourism (Espiner et al .,
2017). Cultural and religious beliefs are popular among the 59 indigenous groups in this small
country (Bhusal, 2007). Homestay tourism attracts culture and nature lovers in many parts of the
country (Biswakarma, 2015). 8 of the 14 highest mountains in the world at 8,000 meters above
sea level are in Nepal (Musa et al., 2004). Diversity and animals are very important for nature
lovers ( Dahal et al., 2020). National parks in the south of the country are famous for wildlife
tourism and have valuable animals such as tigers, rhinos and crocodiles (K.C. et al.; 2021). Nepal
prioritizes shelters to provide employment opportunities and other sources of income for rural,
poor and indigenous people (Achary & Halpenny, 2013). There are two types of housing in
Nepal: private housing and community housing. For a homestay family to be registered as a
homestay community, there must be at least five families managed by the community board.
Compliance with the standards specified in homestay business procedures is checked by local
tourism authorities during registration and periodically thereafter (MCTCA, 2010). Community
involvement can provide local communities with ownership of tourism (Bhandari, 2019). These
homestays help develop local communities by supporting the economy of these local people
(Regmi & Walter, 2017). It encourages the participation of indigenous people, the poor and the
vulnerable in tourism in different parts of the country (Bhandari, 2019). To own a house, you
must have a safe and clean room, a clean and hygienic bathroom, a clean environment and safe
drinking water. As of 2017, Nepal has 283 registered hospitals providing 554 rooms and 948
beds (MCTCA, 2017). Homestay tourism has many effects on the environment, health and
culture ( Dahat et al., 2020). In public housing, community members work together to maintain
personal hygiene and keep their environment cleans (Walter et al., 2018). The problem of waste
management in the family environment is addressed by the regular collection of waste by
community members ( Dahal et al., 2020). Some home stays support solar water heaters and
install stoves to use renewable technologies and other energy sources. Home stays help maintain
good relations and peace between villagers, local government, district administration and visitors
(Acharya & Halpenny, 2013).Home stays host tourists in certain seasons due to its location and
weather conditions. Tourists cannot easily go to the Nepal Mountains from June to September
and during the cold winter months (Biswakarma, 2015). In recent years, indiscriminate road
construction and the removal of ground cover near mountain villages have also reduced natural
beauty (Beazley & Lassoie, 2017). Dust from cars and animals discourages adventurers from
visiting homestay communities.

The ability of service providers to provide uninterrupted hospitality is becoming more and more
important as a competitive strategy. According to Kufedjian (2003), experience is the
individual's association with an event with various cues that he has awareness and sense of real-
time interaction. Rather than focusing on trivial experiences (all other experiences), Kufedjian
emphasizes important experiences (someone instead of one, present instead of past or future,
reality rather than a dream or imagination). Experience is not defined precisely, but is defined as
a consumption perception such as taste, hearing, hearing, seeing and/or feeling. Awareness varies
from situation to situation, and nearly all beneficial situations involve emotions (Havlena &
Holbrook, 1986; Zhao et al., 2020). Service experience is delivery mentality because homestay is
more of a service business (Groth & Gilliland, 2001). Andersson and Mossberg 1130 argue that
during the coronavirus crisis (2004) there were certain factors that affected the level of
knowledge management of holiday workers, including homestay management performance and
management, food management, good cooking, in-house cafes, good organization, and
diverse guests . . It is said that the level of arousal and the sense of help are affected by certain
factors. Information management also explains the sense of proximity that the buyer needs
during service (Hui & Bateson, 1991), believing in the exchange between the buyer and the
environment or security when information management is inadequate. It is known that emotions
are contagious in relationships (Soderlund & Rosengren, 2007). Consumers buy travel services
that create memories, not useful products. As is known, many researchers tend to believe that
customer service will increase customer satisfaction and trust in the hospitality industry (Kim &
Moon, 2009; Leino et al., 2021; Zhao et al ., 2020).