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CPP Asgn 22bai10314

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9 views

CPP Asgn 22bai10314

Uploaded by

xalisiw650
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Name – Siddhartha Singh Malan

Reg No. – 22BAI10314

Q1) Explain the concept of polymorphism by an example in C++.

Polymorphism in C++ is the ability of a function or an object to take on many forms. There are two
types of polymorphism: compile-time (overloading) and runtime (overriding).

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

class Base {

public:

virtual void display() {

cout << "Display of Base class" << endl;

};

class Derived : public Base {

public:

void display() override {

cout << "Display of Derived class" << endl;

};

int main() {

Base* basePtr;

Derived derivedObj;

basePtr = &derivedObj;

basePtr->display(); // Output: Display of Derived class


return 0;

Q2) Define Object-oriented programming and Explain feature of Object oriented

programming. How it is different than procedure oriented programming.

Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm based on the concept of "objects",


which can contain data and methods. Key features of OOP include:

Encapsulation: Bundling of data and methods that operate on the data within a single unit, e.g., a
class.

Inheritance: Mechanism by which one class can inherit properties and methods from another class.

Polymorphism: Ability of different classes to be treated as instances of the same class through a
common interface.

Abstraction: Hiding the complex implementation details and showing only the essential features of
the object.

Procedure-oriented programming (POP), on the other hand, is based on procedures or routines. The
main differences include:

Structure: POP is structured around functions and procedures, whereas OOP is structured around
objects.

Data Access: In POP, data is usually exposed and can be accessed by any function. In OOP, data is
encapsulated within objects and accessed via methods.

Reusability: OOP promotes reusability through inheritance and polymorphism, which is not
inherently supported in POP.

Modularity: OOP provides better modularity by organizing related data and functions into objects,
making the code more maintainable and scalable.

Q3 ) Classify the different statements available in C++ with examples.

C++ has various types of statements, including:

• Declaration Statements: Declare variables or constants.

int a;

const double pi = 3.14;

Expression Statements: Perform computations and assignments.


a = 5 + 3;
Compound Statements (Blocks): Group multiple statements.
{

int b = 10;

a = a + b;

Control Statements: Direct the flow of execution.

• Selection Statements: if, else, switch

if (a > 5) {

cout << "a is greater than 5";

} else {

cout << "a is not greater than 5";

switch (a) {

case 8:

cout << "a is 8";

break;

default:

cout << "a is not 8";

break;

Iteration Statements: for, while, do-while.


for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {

cout << i << " ";

int i = 0;

while (i < 10) {

cout << i << " ";

i++;

}
i = 0;

do {

cout << i << " ";

i++;

} while (i < 10);

Jump Statements: break, continue, return, goto.


for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {

if (i == 5) {

continue;

if (i == 8) {

break;

cout << i << " ";

return 0;

Q4) Write a program in C++ that display entered string into reverse order.

#include <iostream>

#include <string>

using namespace std;

int main() {

string str;

cout << "Enter a string: ";

getline(cin, str);

cout << "Reversed string: ";

for (int i = str.length() - 1; i >= 0; i--) {


cout << str[i];

cout << endl;

return 0;

Q5) Discuss the data types in C++ programming.

1. Basic Data Types


-Integer Types: `int`, `short`, `long`, `long long`, and their unsigned versions.

int a = 10;
unsigned int b = 20;

- Character Types: `char`, `signed char`, `unsigned char`, `wchar_t`.


char ch = 'A';
unsigned char uch = 255;

- Floating-point Types: `float`, `double`, `long double`.


float f = 3.14f;
double d = 3.14159;

- Boolean Type: `bool`.


bool isTrue = true;

2. Derived Data Types

- Arrays: Collection of elements of the same type.

int arr[5] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};


- Pointers: Store the memory address of another variable.
int* ptr;
int a = 10;
ptr = &a;

- References: Alias for another variable.


int& ref = a;

- Function Types: Define functions.


void func() {
// Function body
}

3. User-defined Data Types

- Structures: Group different data types.


struct Person {
string name;
int age;
};

- Classes: Similar to structures but with access specifiers.


class Car {
public:
string brand;
int year;
};

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