DIGITAL SRI LANKA 2030

Digital Sri Lanka 2030

A National Digital Strategy for Sri Lanka

Contents
I. The Context for a National Digital Strategy ............................................................................... 2
II. The 2030 Vision for a Digital Sri Lanka..................................................................................... 3
III. Core Principles ............................................................................................................................ 4
1. We Are Inclusive .................................................................................................................... 4
2. We Are Innovative .................................................................................................................. 4
3. We Are Sustainable................................................................................................................. 5
4. We Are Global ........................................................................................................................ 6
5. We Are Human-Centric .......................................................................................................... 6
6. We Are Rights-Based.............................................................................................................. 7
IV. Critical Enablers.......................................................................................................................... 7
1. A Forward-Looking Legal and Regulatory Framework ......................................................... 7
2. Foundational and Secure Digital Identity Systems ................................................................. 8
3. A Comprehensive and Transparent Data Governance Framework ......................................... 8
4. Consistent and Proactive Stakeholder Engagement ................................................................ 9
5. Collaborative and Effective Institutional Governance ............................................................ 9
6. Targeted Private Investment ................................................................................................... 9
V. Strategic Areas for Action......................................................................................................... 10
1. Infrastructure, Connectivity and Access ............................................................................... 10
2. Skills, Literacy, Industry and Jobs ........................................................................................ 12
3. Connected Digital Government ............................................................................................ 13
4. Cybersecurity, Safety, and Privacy ....................................................................................... 14
5. Digital Financial Services ..................................................................................................... 16
6. Digitalization across Sectors and MSMEs ............................................................................ 17
VI. Implementation Arrangements .................................................................................................. 18
Annex A: Indicative Implementation Plan............................................................................................ 21
Annex B: Sri Lanka’s Digital Landscape: Current State of Play (Background Paper) ........................ 40

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DIGITAL SRI LANKA 2030

I. The Context for a National Digital Strategy

A dynamic Sri Lankan digital economy can drive economic competitiveness and growth, employment
creation, sustainable development, and service delivery.
Sri Lanka has made significant strides in its digital capabilities between the 1980s and early 2000s but
has lagged regional peers in the last decade. As part of an inclusive and resilient recovery, Sri Lanka
will need to shift gears towards a new economic model including digital transformation and relevant
strategic measures to help the country navigate ongoing economic challenges and take advantage of
the wide-reaching benefits of digital and emerging technologies.
The focus moving forward is on Sri Lanka in Global Rankings
developing the Sri Lankan digital
ecosystem as a core component of a 2020 2022/23
more-vibrant, socially inclusive, export- Global Services 25 out of 50 44 out of 78
Location Index (2019) (2023)
oriented, and green economy. The
present national digital strategy will be ITU Global 83 out of 194 n/a
an integral part of the country’s Cybersecurity (2020)
economic recovery and growth between Index
now and 2030 and will be implemented
in phases. In the first phase, over the UN E-government 85 out of 193 95 out of 193
(EGDI Index) (2020) (2022)
next two years (until end of 2025), the
emphasis will be on setting the stage Network readiness 83 out of 134 81 out of 131
through reforms and selected index (2020) (2022)
investments to position the country for
recovery. This will require strengthening institutions to rebuild the business climate, attracting private
investment, and driving service exports, whilst ensuring that inclusive and improved digital services
support improved governance and accountability. Beyond 2026, the focus will shift to strategically
positioning the country as a digital innovation and entrepreneurship hub in the Asia-Pacific, investing
in the future of technology and jobs, and fully integrating digital technology across all of society and
the economy.
We recognize the importance of building a robust, export-oriented economy, and the need to create
strong economic and technological partnerships with partners around the world. For the country to be
successful in its journey towards digital transformation while minimizing the reliance on public
financing, a vibrant private sector will be a key partner. In addition, measures to enhance regulatory
capacity, efficient use of public investments and assets, and greater social inclusion will be critical for
sustainable development.
The national digital strategy, with its associated implementation plan, should be seen as a living
document that will keep pace with the constantly evolving global digital economy and achieve the
country’s vision of becoming a high-income economy by 2048. Desired outcomes include sustainable
economic growth and competitiveness, greater social inclusion, a stronger skills base, good and well-
paying jobs with dignity, and trusted and inclusive services. The focus is to reconstruct, rebuild and
set the stage for the future of Sri Lanka’s digital landscape. This will also require constant monitoring
and evaluation to ensure that the country invests wisely in its digital foundations.
Sri Lanka has begun its digital journey with some of the key elements in place (see the Background
Paper contained in Annex C), but with room to improve and expand access, innovation, and
capabilities of people, businesses, and the government. This includes widespread basic connectivity, a
growing base of IT businesses and increasing use of digital tools by traditional businesses, initial
development of a digital connected government, a trust ecosystem, an entrepreneurship ecosystem,

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and functional elements of a digital financial system. This strategy also builds on, and learns from,
earlier efforts—including policies, strategies, and frameworks—to grow the digital economy and
integrate digital elements in trade and economic growth, governance, and social services, as proposed
and promoted by the government, industry associations, and public agencies.

II. The 2030 Vision for a Digital Sri Lanka

The vision for 2030 is to have:

A digitally empowered
Sri Lanka for innovation,
inclusion and
sustainable growth
To achieve the desired outcomes mentioned above, the national digital strategy for Sri Lanka includes
actions across six strategic areas. Underpinning these areas are six core principles and six critical
enablers, as set out in the figure below.

The digital strategy vision is based on a coherent and cohesive approach. All desired outcomes are
achieved by actions under each of the six strategic areas, which reflect the core principles and are
supported by key critical enablers. The following illustrates how the strategic areas identified
contribute to achieving the outcomes:
 Sustainable economic growth and competitiveness will depend on infrastructure connectivity
and access, and the digitalization of sectors and MSMEs.
 Employment opportunities that afford dignity will be enabled by actions under the areas of
connected government, skills, literacy, industry, and jobs.
 Safe, trusted, and inclusive services will rely on a connected digital government, the adoption
of digital financial services, and actions related to cybersecurity, safety, and privacy.

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III. Core Principles

In developing and implementing our national digital strategy, we will be guided by our mission to
improve the overall wellbeing of citizens, society, and the planet. Sri Lanka’s safe and equitable
digital transformation will be based on the six core principles set out below.

1. We Are Inclusive
We will build an inclusive digital economy and society where every Sri Lankan will benefit from
the nation’s digital transformation.
Digital technology is a powerful tool for progress and economic development. It empowers citizens,
communities and businesses and can improve access to education, government services and support
networks.
To realize this vision, it is essential that everyone has access to the myriad opportunities that digital
development offers, irrespective of their location or circumstances.
This requires necessary investments in digital infrastructure, with priority being given to underserved
areas and populations. The development of digital skills and knowledge should always be guided by
the inclusiveness principle, as we promote digital and media literacy across age, gender, and socio-
economic status, and provide tailored programs for disadvantaged populations (such as the elderly,
women, marginalized and estate communities).
To stimulate innovation and entrepreneurship, across all sectors, we will facilitate the implementation
of mechanisms that seeks to promote and support rural development and women-led businesses and
start-ups, through educational and mentorship programs and opportunities for access to finance.
Our objective is to establish a robust and inclusive digital framework within Sri Lanka that fosters
widespread access to digital dividends.

2. We Are Innovative
We will adopt an innovative approach to the digital economy, promoting an entrepreneurial
mindset across business, government, and society.
Digital technology is the cornerstone of modern life, constantly evolving the way we work, play, live
and conduct business. It has become embedded in social and economic structure, providing a strong
basis for individual empowerment, social development, and economic growth.
For businesses, digital technologies provide the potential to significantly enhance efficiency, elevate
customer service, and diminish operational costs. They unlock avenues for small businesses that were
once exclusive to larger enterprises, thereby expanding opportunities across the business landscape.
New tools, powered by emerging technologies such as Machine Learning (ML) and Artificial
Intelligence (AI), can facilitate informed decision-making, generate new revenue streams, while
delivering personalized services and unlocking new markets and opportunities. To drive this
opportunity into fruition, the government has allocated LKR 1 billion (USD 3.3 million) towards the
development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in 2024, with an emphasis on green energy and renewable
technologies. Concurrently, the Ministry of Education has committed to incorporating Information
Technology (IT) and AI into school curricula starting from 2024.
The pace of change today is rapid and unpredictable, with disruptive technologies presenting vital
opportunities and along with it a series of new challenges. In order to adopt to this new landscape,

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businesses must evolve to become agile, innovative and responsible in their approaches to integrating
technology into their operations.
To stimulate growth and exports, it is vital to promote innovation as a core value. Public and private
sectors will be encouraged to collaborate to facilitate creative and unconventional solutions. These
will encompass solutions including but not limited to evidence-based sandbox environments,
including regulatory sandboxes, and innovation test beds. These initiatives will span diverse sectors,
encompassing government services, cybersecurity, and industry-specific applications like FinTech.
We will also put into place measures to create a holistic Research and Development (R&D) ecosystem
while supporting entrepreneurs through start-up accelerators, incubators, and tech parks.
A comprehensive skills development strategy will be embraced across the population, with a
particular emphasis on digital proficiency, as well as fostering creative and entrepreneurial skills.

3. We Are Sustainable
We will approach digital development in a sustainable manner, both with respect to the
environment and the economy, while utilizing digital solutions to achieve critical climate goals.
Our strategy is designed to incorporate measures that are not only effective but also efficient, ensuring
the economic and financial sustainability of digital development. Additionally, we are committed to
accelerating climate action through secure and sustainable digital initiatives.
The widespread impact of climate change, affecting populations globally and posing a threat to
millions by pushing them into poverty, underscores the urgency of our commitment to addressing this
critical issue. Sri Lanka’s Climate Prosperity Plan 2022 commits that “clean technologies are
leveraged to digitize or provide new digital support to 50% of the economy across all sectors by 2025
(75% by 2030 and 100% by 2035).”
Digital technologies play a crucial role in mitigating greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, particularly in
high-emitting sectors such as energy, transportation, and manufacturing. These technologies are
instrumental in improving disaster management, enhancing climate resilience of communities, and
boosting agricultural production.
While digital technologies offer substantial benefits, it is essential to recognize their potential
contribution to environmental degradation. Millions of metric tons of e-waste are generated from
obsolete and discarded digital devices, while smartphone production requires large scale mining of
rare earth minerals. And the environmental impact of large data farms is still being evaluated.
To align with our climate action goals as a nation, strategies such as greening digital products and
services, creating green jobs, enhancing resilience and energy efficiency in networks, data centers,
and critical information infrastructure, managing e-waste in accordance with international standards
and transitioning to renewable sources of energy are necessary.
For economic and environmental sustainability, a requisite talent pool and strong partnerships
between the government and the private sector will be critical, as will awareness and education among
businesses and the public. Given the potential benefits of emerging and disruptive technologies, such
as Distributed Ledger Technologies (DLTs), AI and the Internet of things (IoT), we will explore their
adoption and use with a view to identify and promoting efficiency gains and green technology
solutions.

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4. We Are Global
We understand that digital transformation is a global phenomenon and will open wide our
country to the world to boost innovation and investment, drive exports, and attract talent.
Concerted action must be taken to position Sri Lanka as hotspot international destination for
investment, entrepreneurship, and talent. Initiatives such as digital nomad and entrepreneurship
residency programs will be pursued in order to attract individuals with skills and capacities to
contribute to the dynamism of the nation’s business landscape.
To increase and sustain foreign trade and investment, our commitment lies in establishing a regulatory
and legal framework, aligned with international best practices that can support innovation while
simultaneously creating a safe and trustworthy environment for consumers and businesses.
Additionally, we will broaden the nation’s visibility and engagement within the global context
through bilateral and multilateral trade negotiations, collaborations with chambers of commerce, and
strategic partnerships with development agencies.
Positioning Sri Lanka within the global stage will unlock new possibilities for small- and large-scale
businesses, through potential for increased export revenues, access to a diverse talent pool and entry
onto new markets.
Businesses will be supported in their adoption of digital standards and practices, and in an evolving
gig economy, we will actively recognize, facilitate, and reward digital freelancers and entrepreneurs.
Furthermore, measures will be implemented to foster cross-border digital payments, support trade,
remittances, and tourism flows.

5. We Are Human-Centric
We believe that a digital economy and society should be human-centric, with the needs and
interests of people placed at the heart of a safe and trusted digital environment.
Digital technologies are intertwined with and reshaping our daily lives, revolutionizing the way we
approach education, consume entertainment, communicate with one another and access financial
services. It is empowering the populace, by affording them the possibility to increase their quality of
life, through convenience, wider support systems, quick access to government services, tailored
products and flexible employment.
However, unregulated, rapid technology adoption can lead to the exposure of critical vulnerabilities
from privacy violations, fraud and misinformation.
Our approach to digital development prioritizes being human centric and ethical, emphasizing the
importance of serving concrete social and societal needs instead of being built solely on technological
or business considerations.
Achieving this requires embracing multi- disciplinary thinking, involving stakeholders across diverse
domains while employing data driven and evidence-based policy approaches.

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6. We Are Rights-Based
We consider that digital access is not only an essential human need but also a fundamental
human right, and we will adopt a rights-based approach to digital development.
Economic and technological development should act as a catalyst for social transformation, rather
than exacerbating existing inequities. In pursuit of digital development that is both ethical and rights-
based, we are guided by principles of non-discrimination, accountability, and equality.
Accountable and transparent decision making, upholding principles of fairness and non-
discrimination, will be a guiding force in our digital transformation journey. Adoption of a rights-
based approach will serve to protect individuals and build trust in online spaces while encouraging
widespread adoption and stimulating innovation that aligns with interest of both business and society.

IV. Critical Enablers

To achieve the digital strategy’s ambitious goals, critical cross-cutting enablers will be needed to
sustain policy interventions, tackle important national and global challenges, and manage possible
risks.
The recent crisis has also eroded development gains made over the last decade, diminished trust
between citizens and government, and weakened the overall investment climate.
To address this, a collaborative approach to governance across government agencies is a critical factor
together with a strong enabling legal and regulatory framework, which could improve regulatory
predictability and transparency, increase competition, stabilize markets, and protect consumers. A
foundational identity system that is secure and interoperable would help widen access to public
services whilst creating a trusted digital ecosystem, through digital public infrastructure, for citizens
and businesses. Challenging economic conditions and a weak investment climate can be partially
addressed through an effective strategy for targeted public-private investment, greater stakeholder
engagement and buy-in, and better access to capital. Finally, in a rapidly changing technological
landscape that relies increasingly on big data (e.g., for services based on artificial intelligence, data
analytics, distributed ledger technologies, and connected objects), a comprehensive and transparent
data governance framework is crucial to stimulating innovation while ensuring that user rights are
safeguarded.
We have identified six critical enablers for the national digital strategy which will frame the policy
actions and initiatives included therein. These are set out below.

1. A Forward-Looking Legal and Regulatory Framework

To build a sustainable and dynamic digital economy, our legal and regulatory framework should
keep up with the pace of technological development and create the right environment for business
growth, infrastructure roll-out, socio-economic development, human safety, and inclusion. The
implementation of a robust enabling legal and regulatory framework will foster trust and confidence
in the digital economy and ensure that digital technologies are successfully adopted and utilized,
benefiting everyone, from small and large businesses to entrepreneurs and individual users.
The regulatory framework should support innovation and growth, and at the same time protect
businesses from predatory practices and individuals from harm. In this context, legislation will be
enacted to regulate competition in the digital market and facilitate intellectual property rights.

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We will enact rules and regulations to safeguard personal data, protect privacy, ensure secure digital
transactions, and enhance online safety for users, whilst reinforcing the security of our critical
information infrastructure.
These measures will serve to boost the adoption of digital technology across sectors and contexts.
Moreover, as the processing of data becomes increasingly pervasive, we will also make sure that it is
handled ethically, transparently, securely and in line with the rule of law. By establishing robust
institutions and effective enforcement mechanisms.
To expand connectivity and enhance digital access and opportunities to all Sri Lankans, we will
advocate for pro innovation policies while developing regulations and frameworks that facilitate
infrastructure sharing, optimize spectrum use, and connect underserved areas.

2. Foundational and Secure Digital Identity Systems

To unlock the benefits of a digital economy for all, a foundational and secure digital identity
system should be a core element of the national digital public infrastructure to facilitate online
authentication, exchange, and transaction.
By taking the lead in developing a multi-purpose and universal digital identity, we will not only create
a more convenient, efficient, and secure system for accessing important government services, but will
also build the foundation for broader digital transformation across the country, which will boost
innovation, stimulate economic growth, and create jobs.
In the development of identity systems, security must be made priority with the implementation of
measures such as encryption becoming crucial to safeguard sensitive data and ensure the integrity of
the identity system. The identity system will integrate with existing government infrastructure to
facilitate adoption and use, prioritizing interoperability and common application interfaces.
Multi-stakeholder dialogue will be critical to develop shared principles, standards and practices that
are in the best interest of organizations and people alike.

3. A Comprehensive and Transparent Data Governance Framework

In our growing reliance on data-driven services, spanning healthcare, education, financial services,
and retail, it is crucial to view data as a tool for positive impact rather than an end. In this context, a
comprehensive and transparent data governance framework will help inform meaningful decision-
making, promote trust, and prevent misuse, and is particularly critical for government organizations as
stewards of social welfare and well-being.

The data governance framework should consist of publicly available guidelines, protocols, and
standards that manage how data is handled, accessed, stored, shared, distributed, and discarded when
necessary. These include data sharing policies, data classification and management policies, data
quality control, data privacy and information security policies.
By setting the right tone for data governance, the government can encourage private sector actors and
civil society organizations to put in place their own data governance policies to boost growth and
stimulate innovation in the public interest.
It will be critical to facilitate better use of data within entities and across entities, and to open certain
datasets for use by innovators and businesses, resulting in better investments and innovation. The
Government has convened a committee to formulate a strategy for AI in Sri Lanka, and this effort will

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complement and link with the present strategy, building on the wider and consent-based availability of
data under an appropriate data governance framework.

4. Consistent and Proactive Stakeholder Engagement

To implement a comprehensive approach to the digital economy at the national level, we will actively
solicit input from a diverse range of stakeholders spanning various sectors and geographical regions.
Consistent stakeholder engagement will help us better grasp national and global trends, understand
the requirements and challenges of all segments of society, manage risk, inform policy interventions,
and prioritize program rollout. Collaboration and co-creation through, inter alia, technical and
regulatory sandboxes, stakeholder consultations and public consultations, will result in better
outcomes for both business and society.
The private sector is poised to play an increasingly important role in fostering the growth of the digital
economy and creating a business environment that is conducive to innovation and entrepreneurship.
As the landscape of work evolves, the private sector can influence and support skills development,
literacy, and educational programs.
Educational institutes and academia, too, have much to contribute to making Sri Lanka a dynamic hub
for research, innovation, and creativity. We also plan to engage user groups and civil society to make
sure we are actively listening to the needs and concerns of society at large. Only through collaborative
efforts can the full potential of the digital economy be unlocked to drive equitable and sustainable
economic growth.

5. Collaborative and Effective Institutional Governance

For the successful implementation of the national digital strategy, transparent, effective, and
collaborative institutional governance is needed to instill trust among stakeholders, ensure
accountability and provide stability. Government entities, private sector organizations, and civil
society must work together harmoniously to ensure a successful and holistic digital transformation
across society and across sectors.
Collaborative institutional arrangements will make more efficient use of resources, reduce waste,
simplify budgeting processes, maximize return on investment, and allocate funding to digital projects
of the highest priority. This approach to governance will also help us develop a shared vision and a set
of common values, as well as promote coordination and knowledge sharing among stakeholders (from
government departments to industry associations and user groups).
We will nurture platforms for dialogue and coordination on the best way to implement, and benefit
from, digital transformation. With holistic and collaborative governance, a linchpin of our national
digital strategy, we will build trust among citizens, investors, and international allies, and create a
conducive environment for digital investments and partnerships.

6. Targeted Private Investment

The public sector and its investments alone will not be adequate to drive a sustainable digital
transformation. Private investment will play a significant role in driving innovation and stimulating
economic growth.
With this in mind, we intend to create a regulatory framework that encourages private capital,
streamlines administrative procedures, reduces bureaucratic hurdles, and provides tax incentives for
greater private sector participation.

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Private investors bring substantial financial resources, which complements government investments,
helping accelerate digital infrastructure development and technology adoption. In addition to capital
investments, the private sector can also help attract and build talent and disseminate knowledge.
Both startups and established technology firms, supported by private capital, can develop solutions
specifically tailored to Sri Lanka’s unique challenges, in areas such as healthcare, agriculture, and e-
commerce. Additionally, Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) can be used to strategically combine
government and private sector resources and know-how to spearhead large-scale digital projects like
smart city initiatives and e-governance platforms.

V. Strategic Areas for Action

In realizing the 2030 objectives, the government will have an ‘online and digital first’ policy across all
sectors. The multi-strategy approach based on six thematic pillars will be monitored with proper
milestones and a KPI driven culture.

Infrastructure, Connectivity and Access

The government plays a crucial role in establishing a favorable
investment climate and simplifying processes for broadband Target for 2025:
infrastructure development. It should also promote competitive markets,  Nationwide access to
encourage sharing of infrastructure, and develop policies for optimizing broadband with
wireless broadband usage. It is estimated that over US$1 billion will be speeds of at least 20
needed by 2030 to achieve universal high-speed broadband access. Mbps and all
institutions equipped
Regulatory frameworks should be fair, non-discriminatory, and with speeds of at least
competitive, with an emphasis on maintaining high-quality service and 100 Mbps.
ethical business practices. Monopolistic and anti-competitive practices  >99% broadband
must be curbed to encourage innovation, reduce prices, foster inclusion, coverage across both
promote adoption, and attract investment. Regulatory entities should be urban rural areas
proactive and flexible, adapting to new technological developments and  US$250 million
market dynamics. private investment in
advanced and high-
Collaboration with private sector entities, educational institutions, and
speed broadband
civil society is crucial. Public-private partnerships can help mobilize
mobilized
resources and address market failures to ensure that no one is left
unconnected in the digital economy. It is important to establish a
comprehensive national broadband plan, invest in digital skills
development, and enhance collaboration across stakeholders.

Monitoring progress is essential to identify gaps and challenges and take corrective measures.
Continuous efforts are required to improve broadband accessibility and affordability in Sri Lanka, as
it is a fundamental element for the development of a thriving digital economy.

The core strategic actions under this strategic area are as follows:

1) Reform the authorization regime to promote investment and innovation.

We intend to revise the current authorization regime to better keep pace with rapid technological
developments, address inefficiencies, and seize opportunities for growth. Rules and regulations should
stimulate investment and foster innovation while lowering barriers to entry and protecting consumers.

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Complex licensing processes, excessive taxation, and inflexible compliance regulations can
discourage potential participants from entering the market, restrict the growth of established service
providers, and impede innovation. To address this, we will streamline authorization procedures and
introduce a unified licensing scheme. We will also facilitate licensing for companies providing
passive infrastructure like telecommunications towers and cables.

By reducing bureaucratic red tape and creating a conducive investment environment, we can attract
more local and international investors. Adaptable regulatory frameworks will allow established
enterprises to explore new services and technologies, playing a crucial role in fostering innovation.
This can lead to more economically efficient services, enhanced coverage, and the emergence of new
communication technologies.

These measures will contribute to the development of a robust and dynamic broadband industry,
enabling the growth of a digital economy in Sri Lanka.

2) Establish rules to increase competition and reduce the cost of infrastructure roll-out.

Implementing regulations to promote competition and assess Significant Market Power (SMP) will
create a level playing field and lead to better services and lower prices for consumers. Competition
encourages companies to invest in research, service diversification, and customer service
improvements, resulting in better network speeds, quality, and subscription options. Increasing
competition also attracts investors and supports business growth and market expansion.
To lower infrastructure costs, we will implement measures such as shared infrastructure, expedited
approval processes, and subsidies. Clear guidelines on active and passive infrastructure sharing will
reduce duplication of resources and enable faster deployment, particularly in underserved regions.
This will promote digital inclusion and social equity.

3) Improve spectrum assignment and management procedures.

Optimized spectrum assignment and management procedures are crucial for implementing wireless
broadband technologies like 5G. They support the development of sectors such as healthcare,
education, and transportation, where reliable and fast connections are essential. Enhancing spectrum
management will reduce inefficiencies, improve user experience, and ensure readiness for future
technological advancements. Well-structured spectrum policies and periodic assessments will
promote competition, innovation, equitable access, quality of service, and affordability.

4) Define rules and create initiatives to sustainably expand access to affordable broadband.

Ensuring affordable and widespread access to high-speed broadband is vital for a digital economy.
Access disparities can deepen existing socioeconomic and geographical inequalities. Broadband has
become an essential human need, facilitating access to education, healthcare, markets, knowledge, and
public engagement.
To achieve sustainable expansion, policies like "dig once" can lower infrastructure deployment costs
by integrating broadband in new public works projects. Operator incentives and efficient allocation of
funding programs will expand infrastructure in rural and underserved areas, ensuring equal access for
all. Specialized and cost-effective plans for educational institutions will provide students with equal
opportunities for digital learning and participation in the digital economy.

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These strategic actions will support the development of a robust and inclusive broadband industry,
enabling the digital transformation of Sri Lanka.

7. Skills, Literacy, Industry and Jobs

The digital revolution and the impact of technologies like AI and IoT Targets for 2025:
are transforming industries and the workforce globally. Sri Lanka, like
 75% of the population
many countries, faces a demand for digital skills that outstrips supply.
is digitally literate and
To address this, we will develop a National Digital Skills and Inclusion 50% of all women are
Strategy. This strategy aims to accelerate digital transformation across digitally (basic literacy
sectors, ensuring a diverse and adaptable workforce while leaving no as per new definition)
one behind. Collaboration with the private sector in curriculum
development and investment in teacher training will bridge skill gaps  Digital (ICT-BPM)
and keep education aligned with rapid technological advancements. export earnings of
USD $3bn
Supporting businesses to scale, attract global investment, and foster
entrepreneurship is also crucial. We will create an innovation and  1,200 digital startups
entrepreneurship-oriented ecosystem through collaborative cross-sector
 200,000 strong ICT
initiatives, forward-looking talent acquisition, and retention strategies.
workforce
Government recruitment and capacity-building programs will lead by
example, emphasizing dynamic skills-based hiring.

To position Sri Lanka as a hub of innovation and entrepreneurship, we will leverage our strengths in
business process management (BPM) and integrate into digitalized global value chains. We aim to
provide strong support for entrepreneurs, ensuring access to finance and building robust networks and
infrastructure. Special attention will be given to supporting female entrepreneurs and women-led
businesses.

The core strategic actions under this strategic area are as follows:

1) Integrate the development of digital capabilities in the educational system.

Expanding digital literacy and skills is crucial for an inclusive digital economy. We will develop a
national skills and inclusion strategy, including a digital skills framework and industry-recognized
credentials. We prioritize connectivity for educational purposes, ensuring equal access and sustainable
inclusion.
2) Facilitate investment, entrepreneurship, and digital business growth.
Policies and mechanisms will be established to simplify bureaucratic practices, promote new work
models, and prevent anti-competitive practices. Public-private partnerships will improve access to
capital for diverse players. Digitalization efforts for smaller firms will drive integration into global
value chains and investment in green technologies. Female entrepreneurs will receive dedicated
support.
3) Promote innovation and market access for the digital industry.
We aim to increase Sri Lanka's visibility as an innovation hub, facilitating business expansion, market
access, and attracting investment, R&D, and specialized talent. We will implement policies to open
access to cross-border marketplaces and support local start-ups in public procurement.
4) Develop digital skills and talent for government and industry.

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Government recruitment and capacity-building efforts will prioritize skills-based hiring and the
retention of digital talent. Across all sectors, reskilling and upskilling programs will be promoted,
particularly for underrepresented groups. Collaboration with the private sector, academia, and
stakeholders is critical for strengthening the skills base.
These strategic actions will drive Sri Lanka's digital transformation, develop a skilled workforce, and
foster entrepreneurship and innovation.

8. Connected Digital Government

Digital technologies have the potential to transform public service delivery by improving ease of use,
security, and personalization. Our vision is to create a citizen-centric 'Connected Digital Government'
that collaborates, shares information, and leverages the government's digital and data infrastructure to
serve the public effectively. We will develop digital services based on citizen Targets for 2025:
and business needs, using a life-events approach to address specific
requirements at each stage. User-friendly services will be designed with  Implementation of a
human-centric design principles in mind. citizen authentication
platform
To ensure integrated and seamless online government services, we will  Implementation of
establish a single access point for all services. This eliminates system a government-wide
duplication, increases adoption, and reduces costs. A common digital public digital payment system
infrastructure will be developed to be accessible to all government agencies.  Implementation of
This infrastructure will include scalable, reusable, and interoperable digital a data-sharing platform
tools. We will also leverage commercial cloud offerings, including updating for the government
the Lanka Government cloud. Additionally, we will utilize AI, data analytics, (NDZ)
and other tools to enhance decision-making, resource allocation, and service  Increase Sri
delivery. Collaboration with the private sector will be crucial for innovation, Lanka’s ranking in the
and regular monitoring and evaluation will be conducted to ensure Government AI
continuous improvement. Readiness Index from
To meet the evolving needs of a connected government, we will prioritize 105th to 95th
internal capacity and human resources. This includes considering the
appointment and flexibility in assigning technically qualified individuals within the government.

The core strategic actions under this strategic area are as follows:

1) Build an inclusive and resilient common digital public infrastructure

To promote seamless integration and efficiency, a common digital public infrastructure (DPI) will be
developed. This DPI will include a digital ID, payment gateway, and data exchange platform,
ensuring scalability and interoperability across government agencies. By eliminating the need for
individual systems, costs will be reduced, IT silos will be removed, and user convenience and
engagement will improve.
2) Enhance use of the public and private cloud for a connected government
To optimize hosting infrastructure, a cloud-first policy will be implemented. Government applications
will be hosted on data centers and cloud platforms, with sensitive applications remaining on-premises
and non-sensitive applications migrating to the commercial cloud. This approach will lead to cost
savings, increased efficiency, and improved responsiveness to changing demands. The Lanka
Government Cloud will also undergo upgrades to become a hybrid cloud with disaster-recovery
capabilities.

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DIGITAL SRI LANKA 2030

3) Roll out integrated and responsive citizen-centric services

A citizen and human-centric approach will guide the delivery of government services. By
adopting a life event-based strategy, tailored services will be designed to address specific
needs during key life events. Legal frameworks, policies, and guidelines will support
departments in developing services aligned with their mandates. Integrated service delivery
through a single point of contact, along with an integrated payment gateway, will streamline
citizen access. Multi-channel communication and access options will also be provided,
ensuring inclusivity and user satisfaction.
4) Use data and disruptive technologies for innovative service delivery
The utilization of AI, data, and disruptive technologies will enhance government processes, enable
data-driven decisions, and promote transparency and accountability. Embracing AI-powered solutions
will automate tasks, enhance service quality, and personalize delivery. Open data portals and APIs
will be expanded, allowing private sector firms, academics, and researchers to innovate based on
available data. An AI Strategy Playbook for the Public Sector will establish guidelines for ethical and
responsible AI use while identifying opportunities for shared resources and knowledge.
In conclusion, through the creation of an inclusive and resilient common digital public infrastructure,
the enhancement of cloud utilization, the roll-out of citizen-centered services, and the utilization of
data and disruptive technologies, Sri Lanka aims to establish a connected digital government. This
vision focuses on improving service delivery, building public trust, and driving innovation for the
benefit of citizens, businesses, and government agencies.

9. Cybersecurity, Safety, and Privacy Targets for 2025:

Risks to Sri Lanka's digital infrastructure and services must be  Improve Sri Lanka
effectively managed to support the growth of the digital economy and ranking in the
regain stability in the wake of recent crises. Cyber-attacks, cybercrime, Global
and data breaches pose a threat to citizen safety, undermine public trust Cybersecurity Index
in digital services, and hinder the development of online commerce and (ITU) ranking from
digital businesses. It is crucial to establish robust digital safeguards, 83rd to 60th
including a foundational digital identity system, to protect vital
information infrastructure and sensitive data in the face of emerging  Data Protection
technologies. Authority fully
staffed and
While Sri Lanka has passed comprehensive legislation for data operational
protection, implementation is still in the early stages. Strengthening the
cybersecurity ecosystem requires collaboration between the
 Implementation of
government, private sector, civil society, academia, and citizens. Efforts
should prioritize the protection of all stakeholders, particularly 30 community
vulnerable groups such as women, children, senior citizens, people with focused cyber
disabilities, minority communities with language barriers, rural areas, security awareness
and low-income communities. raising programs
available in all three
To create an enabling environment for cybersecurity, comprehensive languages, with at
legislation should be enacted and implemented. This should be least 30% female
accompanied by widespread public awareness of user rights and participation
obligations, as well as the promotion of online safety skills and
practices. Partnerships and collaboration at national and international

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DIGITAL SRI LANKA 2030

levels will facilitate knowledge sharing and collective action to enhance resilience in the digital
economy.

In summary, effective cybersecurity measures are essential for supporting digital services, ensuring
inclusive and sustainable growth, and protecting the privacy and safety of citizens in Sri Lanka.

The core strategic actions under this strategic area are as follows:

1) Establish a policy and regulatory framework that promotes trust.

Establishing a policy and regulatory framework that promotes trust is crucial for addressing
cybersecurity and safety risks. This includes passing stand-alone cybersecurity legislation,
establishing a cyber security regulatory authority, and setting up a separate Data Protection Authority.
Sector-specific guidelines will be developed, and efforts will be made to ensure compliance with rules
and regulations. The regulatory framework will be regularly updated to keep up with technological
advances.

2) Create local and global partnerships for an effective whole-of-nation cybersecurity

ecosystem.

Partnerships, both locally and globally, are essential for effective cybersecurity management.
Collaborative opportunities will be created to exchange threat intelligence, develop expertise and
training programs, and adopt common approaches to building cyber resilience. Consideration will be
given to joining regional and global frameworks to enforce cross-border data breaches and improve
data protection and privacy policies. Public-private partnerships, as well as partnerships with
academia and civil society, will be strengthened to enhance the country's ability to handle specific
cyber incidents.

3) Promote awareness, build capacities, strengthen digital safeguards, and mitigate

cyberthreats.

Promoting awareness, building capacities, strengthening digital safeguards, and mitigating cyber threats
are key actions to enhance trust in online spaces. Educational programs will be designed to empower
all stakeholders, including individuals, small businesses, government workers, and corporations, with
knowledge of their rights, obligations, and potential risks. Priority will be given to smaller enterprises
and vulnerable groups. Efforts will be made to develop a future-proof cybersecurity talent pool and
ensure appropriate training for data protection officers. Integration of cybersecurity into core curricula
in schools and educational institutions will be pursued to foster digital skills development and child
online protection.

In summary, Sri Lanka aims to establish a robust policy and regulatory framework, foster partnerships
for an effective cybersecurity ecosystem, and promote awareness while building capacities to mitigate
cyber threats.

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DIGITAL SRI LANKA 2030

10. Digital Financial Services

Digital financial inclusion is crucial for a robust and equitable digital Targets for 2025:
economy. Access to affordable, secure, efficient, and inclusive financial
transactions enables active participation and benefits from a growing  Expansion of
economy. DFS allows users to store and transfer funds, make payments, Financial
borrow, and save, and invest and insure. It benefits individuals, businesses, Services into
and governments by providing faster, more efficient, and affordable Remote Areas
transactions with reduced fraud risk. A conducive legal and regulatory to Foster
framework, along with an enabling financial and digital infrastructure, is Financial
necessary for the development of DFS. Government support systems, such as Inclusion
secure digital identity, are also vital to create trustworthy markets and attract  Increase the
investment. volume of
digital
The government plays an important role in boosting financial inclusion and transactions by
promoting the use of DFS. Secure online transactions with businesses and the 50%
government, along with reliable payment infrastructures, promote service
adoption and enhance efficiency in government assistance. Integration of  Digital
digital payment systems across all government services, including welfare payment
payments and unemployment benefits, improves financial literacy among mechanisms on
poorer populations. The government will collaborate with private sector public transport
entities, such as banks, fintech businesses, and telecommunication companies, (by the end of
to promote DFS in rural and underserved regions. National strategies may 2024)
include the implementation of digital kiosks, measures to improve smartphone
affordability, and subsidized data subscriptions. By prioritizing DFS,
opportunities for financial empowerment are created for individuals of all socio-economic
backgrounds, improving social equity and inclusion.

In summary, Sri Lanka aims to promote digital financial inclusion through the development of an
enabling regulatory framework, financial and digital infrastructure, and government support systems.
The government will integrate digital payment systems across services, collaborate with private sector
entities, and implement strategies to facilitate DFS adoption in underserved regions, fostering
opportunities for financial empowerment and social equity.

The core strategic actions under this strategic area are as follows:

1) Boost digital financial literacy, awareness, and adoption among individuals.

Efforts to increase digital financial literacy will raise awareness and knowledge of DFS products &
services and promote their adoption. It is crucial to educate individuals about the benefits of DFS,
such as opening bank accounts, saving money, and using online banking and e-commerce services.
Financial literacy initiatives should also inform users about potential risks, such as online fraud, and
provide guidance on managing these risks and understanding consumer rights and redress procedures.
By improving financial literacy, people will gain confidence in making financial decisions, trust the
digital ecosystem, and incentivize service providers to enhance security and diversify offerings.
2) Create a secure and interoperable environment for Digital Financial Services.
Ensuring a secure environment for DFS is essential to build trust and protect user data and
transactions. Robust security measures, including encryption, authentication, and real-time
monitoring, are necessary. Interoperability enables users on different platforms or with different

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DIGITAL SRI LANKA 2030

financial institutions to transact seamlessly. Open API standards, a national QR code standard for e-
payment acceptance, and open banking initiatives contribute to greater interoperability. Competition
between service providers is encouraged to drive adoption, innovation, efficiency, and service quality.
3) Promote innovative, easy, and affordable digital financial services.
DFS can facilitate financial inclusion for disadvantaged and rural populations by providing safe,
accessible, and low-cost transactions. Digital wallets and mobile money services are particularly
beneficial in these communities. Innovative digital financial services also have the potential to
enhance small business growth and attract large corporate investments. Cost-effective and user-
friendly services reduce transaction costs, improve efficiency, and competitiveness. Collaboration
with fintech companies and banks can develop low-cost service models tailored for underserved and
low-income populations. Technical and regulatory sandboxes can encourage co-creation and
innovation, and regulatory incentives can reward DFS providers who meet affordability benchmarks.
4) Create use-cases in the public sector to promote digital financial services.
Embedding DFS and digital payments in the public sector sets an example and encourages adoption
across the economy. Implementing DFS in areas like transport, utility bill payments, tax payments,
and public sector salaries and assistance demonstrates the benefits and efficiency of digital
transactions. Collaboration with the Central Bank ensures efficient delivery and addresses challenges.
A comprehensive legal framework, including payment services regulations, data protection laws, and
cybersecurity regulations, promotes DFS innovation while protecting consumer interests. Policies that
promote service provider compatibility and data exchange contribute to interoperability. Public-
private partnerships (PPPs) can expedite DFS deployment through collaboration between the public
sector and private fintech companies.

11. Digitalization across Sectors and MSMEs

The rapid adoption of digital technologies is transforming industries
Target for 2025:
worldwide, including Sri Lanka. Digitalization promotes innovation and
competitiveness, enabling businesses to create new products, reach broader
markets, and respond to changing consumer demands. It also improves 100,000 MSMEs
access to essential services like healthcare and education, fostering embrace digital
inclusive economic development. Advancements in technology, such as AI, solutions
cloud computing, and IoT, have made digital solutions cost-effective and 30% MSMEs
efficient. completed Digital
Prioritizing digitalization in key sectors like health, education, agriculture, Maturity
transport, tourism, retail, and manufacturing is essential for Sri Lanka's Assessment
economic resurgence. In agriculture, digital tools optimize crop Digitalization
management for higher yields. Telemedicine services in healthcare provide Roadmaps for
remote access to medical professionals, improving timely care. Citizen- selected key sectors
centric health record apps enable individuals to manage their health data. developed and
AR tourism apps enhance travel experiences by overlaying digital adopted
information on real-world locations. Real-time public transit tracking (Agriculture,
improves journey planning in the transport sector. Tourism, Retail,
MSMEs face challenges in adopting digital transformation due to limited Health)
resources and knowledge gaps. Effective awareness and adoption programs 5 strategic PPP
will support MSMEs, along with access to financing options for adopting Digital initiatives
digital technologies. Collaboration between the public and private sectors is for key sectors
crucial for a coordinated approach to digitalization. initiated

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DIGITAL SRI LANKA 2030

In conclusion, prioritizing digitalization across sectors and supporting MSMEs is essential for Sri
Lanka's economic revival. Embracing digital technologies, fostering innovation, and promoting
collaboration will unlock the full potential of digitalization and drive economic growth.

The core strategic actions under this strategic area are as follows:

1) Increase awareness and adoption of digital technologies among MSMEs.

To support the growth and innovation of MSMEs, we will launch strategic initiatives that address
common challenges in digital adoption. These initiatives will include awareness programs, digital
maturity assessments, and dedicated digital solution centers. By promoting a supportive business
environment for digital adoption, we can empower MSMEs, enhance competitiveness, and strengthen
Sri Lanka's resilience in the global landscape.
2) Partner with industry to promote digitalization in strategic sectors.
To overcome fragmentation and inefficiencies, we will partner with industry to develop Digitalization
Roadmaps for key sectors. Industry Interest Groups will play a crucial role in championing sectoral
digital initiatives and fostering collaboration. Public-Private Partnerships will be leveraged to drive
innovation and efficiency in large-scale digital projects.
3) Facilitate and enable digital innovation in business.
Creating an ecosystem that supports digital transformation, investment, and innovation is essential for
maintaining competitiveness. We will invest in robust infrastructure, provide access to finance for
startups and MSMEs, establish Centers of Excellence as innovation hubs, and develop regulatory
frameworks that promote resilient and secure business growth. Our government will lead by example
through the adoption of digital technologies in service delivery and process streamlining.

VI. Implementation Arrangements

For the successful implementation of Sri Lanka's digital strategy, a solid institutional framework with
clear structures and enabling policy frameworks is crucial. Efficient coordination, resource allocation,
and transparent accountability mechanisms will be established. Coordinated efforts between
government agencies, the private sector, and other stakeholders will be encouraged.
Overall, these measures will drive digital adoption, foster innovation, and promote economic growth
and competitiveness in Sri Lanka.
Institutional arrangements for the implementation of Sri Lanka’s digital strategy will be based on the
following principles,

a) High-level ownership by the President and Cabinet committee, with parliamentary

committee oversight.

Having high-level ownership from the President and Cabinet committee ensures alignment with
national goals and enables critical decision-making. Parliamentary committee oversight provides
transparency and accountability.

b) A single empowered body, under the office of the President and with a clearly defined
mandate, responsible for overseeing and guiding the implementation of the digital strategy.

18
DIGITAL SRI LANKA 2030

A single body will provide clear leadership, coordination, and accountability for the successful
implementation of the strategy, while monitoring and evaluation mechanisms will ensure
adaptability and evidence-based decision making.

c) Implementing partners that will include many of the existing agencies, suitably staffed
and capacitated, such as TRCSL, DPA, CSA, CBSL, Ministries, and private sector partners.

Collaboration with existing government agencies, academic institutions, civil society

organizations, private sector partners and other stakeholders will leverage their expertise and
resources, promoting inclusive growth and needs-based innovation.

d) A suitably empowered digital government agency with a mandate focused on the technical
aspects of the connected digital government.

This agency would be responsible for the technical elements of a connected digital government
that would play a critical role in enabling efficient, secure, and integrated digital services. A new
Digital Government Agency (DigiGov) should be a highly competent technical agency, with the
following functions:
 Develop the Digital Government Blueprint and implement digital strategies
 Build, Manage, and Operate Whole-of-Government (WOG) Digital Infrastructure and
Products in collaboration with public and private sector agencies
 Build, Manage, and Operate Government-wide Shared Applications and Services in
collaboration with public and private sector agencies
 Establish, oversee, and support compliance to Digital Policies and Standards
 Provide Technical Expertise, Advice, and Support across the Government to support digital
transformation, including to work across the public sector to develop and support strategic
sectoral digital products
 Increase Digital Capabilities within the public sector

e) Arrangements to support the digital economy’s private sector development.

The government will also need to consider how it can continue private sector development in the
digital economy, including startups, digitalization of traditional businesses, and innovation. These
could be within a new digital innovation agency, an agency to support the implementation of the
upcoming artificial intelligence (AI) policy, or within the Ministry of Technology. This
arrangement needs to be defined, and additional details are in Annex 2.

f) Sufficient and appropriate competencies and capabilities

Having the right people with the necessary competencies is crucial for leading and driving
implementation. Technical expertise, strategic planning, leadership, and stakeholder engagement
skills will be necessary for sustainable impact.

Technical expertise, together with competencies in areas such as strategic planning, leadership,
policy development and stakeholder engagement, are critical in crafting a clear roadmap, managing
implementation, and navigating any challenges that arise. These individuals should be both
empowered to drive the transformation with appropriate guidance from Government leadership
and be empowered to make changes for sustainable impact.

g) Clear and concise performance monitoring framework

A performance monitoring framework will offer insights into progress, identify areas for
improvement, and foster transparency and trust by communicating progress to stakeholders.

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DIGITAL SRI LANKA 2030

The implementation plan (Annex A) provide guidance for the successful implementation of the national
digital strategy. These documents will be periodically reviewed to ensure alignment with changing
circumstances. Legal reforms will also be necessary to provide cross-cutting and enabling legal backing
to the strategy's implementation.
Implementation of these measures will position Sri Lanka for a digital and vibrant future, advancing
economic growth and societal development.

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DIGITAL SRI LANKA 2030

Annex A: Indicative Implementation Plan

Note: Responsibilities throughout this Annex refer to existing agencies and organizations as listed, or their successors and assigns.

This section provides a list of action items identified for the six strategic pillars. While most of the action items are proposed to be initiated within the next 24
months, it is important to note that some of these action items will continue beyond 2025. This Implementation Plan is a live document and will be reviewed
periodically to assess its effectiveness and outcome in driving Sr Lanka’s social economy development. Improvement will be made to ensure that we derive
optimum value from the digital transformation initiative

1. INFRASTRUCTURE, CONNECTIVITY AND ACCESS

Focus Areas and Description Key Areas for Action / Objective-Oriented Responsibility Timeline KPI(s)
1.1. Reform the 1.1.1. Revise and streamline present licensing regime to MoT, TRCSL ST Coverage and
authorization regime to introduce a unified licensing scheme. capacity of high-
promote investment 1.1.2. Simplify and expedite licensing for companies MoT, TRCSL I speed broadband
and innovation providing passive telecommunications infrastructure increases to at
such as towers and cables. least 20 Mbps

1.2. Establish rules to 1.2.1. Establish guidelines and protocols for both active MoT, TRCSL, ST Adoption of
increase competition and passive telecom infrastructure sharing, including RDA, CEB infrastructure
and to reduce the cost rights of way, to reduce entry barriers, promote sharing
of infrastructure roll- efficiency, and reduce duplication of investment,
out 1.2.2. Develop a comprehensive legal framework that MoT, TRCSL ST
allows issuance of licenses to passive infrastructure
service providers, comprehensive infrastructure
sharing framework and enables telecom providers to
share government utility infrastructure and rights of
way, expediting approval processes and reducing the
time needed to deploy new telecom infrastructure.
1.2.3. Establish streamlined approvals to facilitate quicker MoT, TRCSL, I
site deployments in areas lacking building approval RDA, CEB

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DIGITAL SRI LANKA 2030

Focus Areas and Description Key Areas for Action / Objective-Oriented Responsibility Timeline KPI(s)
plans, thereby improving coverage and quality of
service.
1.2.4. Formulate and enforce regulations to prevent anti- MoT, TRCSL,
competitive practices and foster a level-playing field, Consumer Affairs
leading to wider consumer choices, lower prices, and Authority
enhanced service quality in the broadband sector.
1.2.5. Strengthening the human and technical resources of MoT, TRCSL IST
the regulatory agency. (ongoing)
1.3. Improve spectrum 1.3.1. Introduction of spectrum assignment mechanism for MoT, TRCSL I >99% wireless
assignment and broadband services including 5G in efficient, broadband
management equitable & transparent process balancing revenue coverage across
procedures generation with digital inclusion objectives. both urban rural
1.3.2. Develop a forward-looking roadmap for Wireless MoT, TRCSL I areas
Broadband, that anticipates future technologies,
ensuring that citizens and businesses have access to
the latest wireless broadband advancements.
1.3.3. Periodically assess and optimize the distribution of TRCSL ST
spectrum assigned for broadband networks to ensure
equitable access, thereby improving the Quality of
Service (QoS) and throughput rates.
1.3.4. Develop a framework for the assignment of MoT, TRCSL I
spectrum and licensing for wireless broadband.
1.4. Define rules and create 1.4.1. Create tailored, affordable broadband access plans MoT, TRCSL, ST Increased rate of
initiatives to for educational institutions and students to support Operators adoption and use
sustainably expand digital learning. of internet
access to affordable 1.4.2. Expand broadband connectivity in underserved MoT, TRCSL Ongoing nationwide
broadband areas, through incentives for operators or use of
universal service funds.
1.4.3. Reform the Universal Service Program to serve MoT, TRCSL ST
vulnerable and marginalized groups and rural areas
with a focus on financial sustainability and cost-
efficient allocation.

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DIGITAL SRI LANKA 2030

Focus Areas and Description Key Areas for Action / Objective-Oriented Responsibility Timeline KPI(s)
1.4.4. Designate the telecom industry as an Essential Office of the I
Service, making it eligible for special benefits such President
as reduced electricity tariffs. TRCSL
MoT

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DIGITAL SRI LANKA 2030

2. CONNECTED DIGITAL GOVERNMENT

Focus Areas and Description Key Areas for Action / Objective-Oriented Responsibility Timeline KPI(s)
2.1. Build an Inclusive and 2.1.1. Adopt a policy on Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI) MOT ST Adoption of
Resilient Digital Public and service delivery, which will require all Policy on DPI and
infrastructure government agencies to utilize the common digital data sharing
public infrastructure for their operations, including
Digital ID for authentication, e-payment gateway, and
a data exchange platform.
2.1.2. Adopt a data sharing policy for government (including MOT ST
a data exchange platform and API gateway), which
covers data governance, management and sharing, in
line with the Lanka Interoperability framework (LIFe)
and personal data protection laws and regulations, and
including the implementation of the “Ask Once”
principle whereby user data can be pre-populated on
user sign-in.
2.1.3. Integrate the Digital ID system across government MOT, other MT
agencies to enable users to authenticate themselves to departments
access public services and transact with the
government conveniently and securely.
2.1.4. Enhance the digital payment gateway connecting MOT and MOF MT
multiple payment options (credit cards, debit cards,
internet banking, QR payments, mobile payment
wallets etc.), removing the need to make separate
payments for different government services from
social protection and pension to taxes.
2.1.5. Develop a data exchange platform with API gateway MOT MT
so that agencies can access and exchange trusted user
information for purposes of delivering digital services
to citizens and businesses.
2.1.6. Strengthen cybersecurity safeguards and enablers, MOT, CERT ST
including standards, guidelines, and information

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DIGITAL SRI LANKA 2030

Focus Areas and Description Key Areas for Action / Objective-Oriented Responsibility Timeline KPI(s)
security audits, as well as raise awareness among
public agencies of the importance of cybersecurity
2.2. Enhance competence to 2.2.1. Upgrade and expand data hosting, cloud, and data MOT MT Cloud first policy
leverage Cloud center facilities, with a view to implementing energy- and data
Computing for a efficient and green standards and practices. classification
Connected Digital 2.2.2. Leverage commercial cloud platforms for a hybrid MOT ST policy is in place
Government Lanka Government Cloud, including with disaster-
recovery capabilities.
2.2.3. Adopt a cloud-first policy for government, which will MOT, ST
require government agencies to consider cloud-based government
solutions for all new IT projects, and a data agencies
classification policy that ensures that less sensitive
data can be hosted on the commercial cloud.
2.3. Roll out integrated 2.3.1. Adopt a policy on citizen-centric service delivery that MOT ST Number of
citizen-centric services requires all government agencies to design and deliver services developed
government services prioritizing the needs and based on life-
requirements of citizens. events for citizens
2.3.2. Design and integrate citizen services and business Ministries/ ST and and businesses
services based on a life-events approach. agencies, MOT ongoing
2.3.3. Strengthen citizen engagement through the MOT ST
implementation of integrated service delivery whereby
citizens can access multiple services through a single
point of contact. and providing multi-channel
communication access to government services (e.g.,
web portals, mobile applications, social media,
kiosks/physical service centers and telephone
helplines) including services to address complaints.
2.3.4. Develop implementation standards on best practices MOT ST
for the design of citizen-centric digital services, such
as use of local languages, intuitive design and
useability, accessibility, and inclusivity.
2.4. Harness Data and 2.4.1. Develop an Artificial Intelligence (AI) and disruptive MOT, industry ST Number and type
disruptive technologies technology Strategy Playbook for the Public Sector, to representatives of data sets
drive the adoption of AI and other disruptive (SLASSCOM) published on

25
DIGITAL SRI LANKA 2030

Focus Areas and Description Key Areas for Action / Objective-Oriented Responsibility Timeline KPI(s)
for innovative service technologies in the government, and leverage data Data.gov.lk, per
delivery analytics for data-driven decision making. agency
2.4.2. Establish an inter-agency working group to coordinate MOT / PMO MT
and oversee the use of AI and disruptive technologies
across government, including the establishment of a
set of standards and guidelines governing the ethical
and responsible use of AI.
2.4.3. Enhance the data.gov.lk open data portal and MOT ST
accelerate the release of open datasets, to boost service
and product innovation across sectors, create services
and spur innovation by providing firms, entrepreneurs,
researchers, and other stakeholders with access to
valuable data that can be used to develop new
products, services, and insights.

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DIGITAL SRI LANKA 2030

3. CYBERSECURITY, SAFETY AND PRIVACY

Focus Areas and Description Key Areas for Action / Objective-Oriented Responsibility Timeline KPI(s)
3.1. Establish a policy and 3.1.1. Adopt cybersecurity legislation, including MoT, SL- ST Cyber security law
regulatory framework, provisions related to the establishment of a CERT enacted and the Cyber
and strong institutions robust institutional framework. Security Regulatory
to promote trust 3.1.2. Implement the Cyber Security Policy for MoT, SL- MT - Ongoing Authority (CSRA)
Government Institutions, which establishes CERT, CNIIs established
strong commitments for implementation,
related to Critical National Information
Infrastructure Service Providers (CNIIs).
3.1.3. Adopt an updated national cyber security MoT, SL- ST- Ongoing
strategy that considers the latest institutional CERT
framework (subject to enactment of
legislation) and future proofing the cyber
environment against evolving cyber threats,
and new and emerging technologies
3.1.4. Strengthen and capacitate the data DPA MT - Ongoing
protection authority, institutional
framework, and enforcement mechanisms,
including the development of industry
guidelines in key sectoral areas, such as
health, finance, and technology, as well as
MSMEs.
3.1.5. Strengthen regulations, policies, Ministry of ST
institutional frameworks, and standards for Public Security
online safety. A strong focus should be
placed in protecting vulnerable groups, such
as children, women, people with disabilities,
poor and rural communities.
3.2. Set up local and 3.2.1. Build partnerships and foster collaboration MoT, SL- MT Increase in number of
global partnerships to with regional and global entities, to create a CERT regional and international
foster knowledge robust cybersecurity ecosystem and cooperation
exchange, and create a facilitate exchange of threat intelligence bodies/forums/agreements
robust cybersecurity 3.2.2. Join regional and international MoT, SL- MT on data protection/privacy
frameworks/cooperation bodies to enforce CERT

27
DIGITAL SRI LANKA 2030

Focus Areas and Description Key Areas for Action / Objective-Oriented Responsibility Timeline KPI(s)
and data protection cross-border breaches, develop and improve in which Sri Lanka
ecosystem policies, awareness, assistance participates
3.2.3. Partner with industry and education sector MoT, SL- MT
to provide cyber security, data privacy CERT, DPA
certifications and knowledge development.
This could also be done in collaboration
with the private sector, academia, and civil
society.
3.3. Build skills and 3.4.1. Accelerate cyber security, awareness, MoT, SL- MT Improve rankings in the
capacities, and education, and skills. Implement measures CERT ITU Global Cybersecurity
promote awareness, to to educate, and build capabilities of citizens, index from 83 to 60 by
strengthen digital government agencies on cyber security risks 2025
safeguards and and safeguards, and develop a competent
mitigate cyberthreats cyber security workforce to build Sri
and compromised use Lanka’s muscle to respond to cyber threats,
of data. including a focus on emerging technologies
3.4. (AI, blockchain, quantum computing, IoT,
and cloud services). This could be a part of
core curriculum in schools and universities
with the idea of enhancing cyber literacy
and safeguards. Establishing collaboration
with international certifying
bodies/associations for certifications, and
education of privacy professionals and
conducting training programs would
produce enough privacy professionals in the
country (e.g., accounting, financial,
economists)
3.4.2. Implement public outreach and awareness DPA
building programs on data privacy and MT
protection. Carry out outreach programs to
educate and empower all citizens including
vulnerable communities, businesses, and
public entities with awareness and

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DIGITAL SRI LANKA 2030

Focus Areas and Description Key Areas for Action / Objective-Oriented Responsibility Timeline KPI(s)
knowledge of the PDPA, individual rights,
and available safeguards. This will be done,
at the minimum, in three common languages
of Sri Lanka (Sinhala, Tamil, and English)
with the idea of fostering cyber hygiene as a
life skill
3.4.3. Accelerate capacity building of all DPA ST
businesses and public entities to comply
with PDPA. Ensure Data Protection
Officers (DPO) designated in entities as per
the PDPA are trained to carry out their
tasks, including a standardized approach for
data protection management and data
protection impact assessments.
3.4.4. Include digital literacy, security, and safety Ministry of LT
as a core curricular program in formal Education,
education, with an aim to develop digitally MoT, SL-
competent, responsible, and empowered CERT, DPA
individuals who can navigate the digital
landscape with confidence, contribute
positively to society, and thrive in the
digital age.

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DIGITAL SRI LANKA 2030

4. DIGITAL FINANCIAL SERVICES

Focus Areas and Description Key Areas for Action / Objective-Oriented Responsibility Timeline KPI(s)
4.1. Boost digital financial 4.1.1. Run financial literacy and inclusion CBSL I Increase of digital
literacy, awareness, and campaigns to raise awareness about, and payments made
adoption among promote the adoption of, Digital Financial domestically as a
individuals Services (DFS), with special attention given proportion of total
to women, youth, elderly, and vulnerable payments
groups.
4.1.2. Create initiatives to incentivize individuals Government I
to opt for digital payments for goods and CBSL
services and ensure that merchants and Fintechs and Banks
service providers have access to affordable
digital payment platforms.
4.1.3. Promote the use of digital and mobile Government I
banking for the unbanked and underbanked, CBSL
including access to loans and financial Fintechs and Banks
planning, through collaboration with
financial institutions and fintech
companies.
4.1.4. Promote simplified digital customer CBSL I
onboarding policies. FIs
4.2. Create a secure and 4.2.1. Establish a comprehensive regulatory I Regulatory
interoperable framework for DFS that mitigates CBSL Framework for DFS
environment for digital cybersecurity risks, strengthens LankaPay published
financial services authentication measures, and prevents FIs
fraud.
4.2.2. Standardize digital transaction protocols CBSL MT
and APIs across sectors, to ensure safety, FIs
interoperability, and availability of DFS.
4.2.3. Publish technical guidelines on Government MT
interoperability between different digital Central Bank
payment systems, APIs, and platforms, and Fis
the implementation of relevant standards.
4.3.1. Drive the broader adoption of digital Government ST Increase in number of
payment systems by reducing transaction CBSL mobile money

30
DIGITAL SRI LANKA 2030

Focus Areas and Description Key Areas for Action / Objective-Oriented Responsibility Timeline KPI(s)
4.3. Promote innovative, fees to a level that is lower than traditional providers, including
easy, and affordable banking and payment options. non-bank
digital financial services 4.3.2. Stimulate competition in the finance CBSL ST organizations
domain to reduce costs and spur innovation, LankaPay
while optimizing current payment systems FIs
for greater efficiency and cost- Fintechs
effectiveness.
4.3.3. Create opportunities for partnerships CBSL ST
between financial institutions, fintech firms LankaPay
and banking regulators to craft affordable FIs
and user-friendly digital transaction
channels, including fintech sandboxes.
4.3.4. Enhance the fund transfer experience by LankaPay I
simplifying user requirements, e.g., allow FIs
funds to be transferred effortlessly using
unique identifiers like mobile numbers or
nicknames, while being backed by rigorous
account number and mobile number
validation processes.
4.4. Create use-cases in the 4.4.1. Introduce digital payments for the Ministry of Transport ST Pilot Roll out of
public sector to promote transportation system, making it easy and CBSL digital payments
digital financial efficient for bus/train commuters to pay LankaPay platform in transport
services. digitally via contactless payment cards, FIs sector
NFC-enabled mobile apps, and other
payment apps.
4.4.2. Create a centralized verified database of Welfare Benefits ST- Ongoing
eligible welfare beneficiaries and promote Board
the take-up of digital accounts to facilitate
the disbursements of welfare benefits,
especially in remote areas.

31
DIGITAL SRI LANKA 2030

Focus Areas and Description Key Areas for Action / Objective-Oriented Responsibility Timeline KPI(s)
4.4.3. Improve digital payment facilities available Sri Lanka Post ST
at post offices and extend the use of trained FIs
agents for banking in remote areas, to
encourage adoption of digital banking and
payments across the country.

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DIGITAL SRI LANKA 2030

5. DIGITALIZATION ACROSS SECTORS AND MSMES

Focus Areas and Description Key Areas for Action / Objective-Oriented Responsibility Timeline KPI(s)
5.1. Increase awareness and 5.1.1. Develop and launch a digitalization awareness Ministry of Industry IST 100,000 MSMEs
adoption of digital campaign on the benefits of digitalization for (MoI), CCC have embraced digital
technologies among business communities, including workshops, solutions
MSMEs training programs, and Proof of Concept
programs for selected sectors.
5.1.2. Develop a SME digitalization Playbook, MoI, CCC ST
containing best practices and guidance, to help
SMEs effectively integrate and utilize digital
technologies in their operations. to optimize
their efficiency, productivity, and
competitiveness.
5.1.3. Conduct Digital Maturity Assessments of MoI, CCC ST, MT
SMEs to identify existing digital gaps, to
develop targeted policies that could support
their digital transformation.
5.1.4. Establish Digital Solution Centers for SMEs to ST, MT
assist them in navigating the complexities of MoT, MoI, CCC,
digital transformation, including advisory FITIS
services, and sharing of best practice.
5.1.5. Undertake a study to assess and forecast the ST
impact of digital transformation on the overall MoT, MoI, CCC,
economy and society of Sri Lanka FITIS
5.2. Partner with industry to 5.2.1. Develop Digitalization Roadmaps for key MoI, MOT, CCC, Digitalization
promote digitalization sectors, with priority given to sectors that and Ministries Roadmaps for
in strategic sectors contribute significantly to GDP, job creation responsible for selected key sectors
and export potential. specific sectors developed and
5.2.2. Establish Industry Interest Groups to promote MoI, CCC adopted (Agriculture,
collaboration and coordination among Tourism, Retail,
businesses within the same industry, and Health)
encourage larger, more tech-savvy companies
to mentor or partner with smaller enterprises
5.2.3. Foster Public-Private Partnerships to MoT, CCC ST, MT
encourage digitalization and promote joint

33
DIGITAL SRI LANKA 2030

Focus Areas and Description Key Areas for Action / Objective-Oriented Responsibility Timeline KPI(s)
projects between government and industry to
develop and implement digital solutions that
address sector-specific challenges.
5.2.4. Launch an eCommerce Adoption Initiative to MoI, CCC, FITIS IST, ST
empower businesses in establishing an online
presence, broadening their customer base,
simplifying transactions, and boosting
competitiveness.
5.3. Facilitate and enable 5.3.1. Facilitate access to financing options for CBSL, CCC ST 30% SMEs possess
digital innovation in businesses, especially SMEs and MSMEs, digital skills by 2025
business looking to invest in digital technologies and
solutions, including technology-specific loans
or venture capital support.
5.3.2. Establish industry-specific Centers of MoI, CCC, FITIS ST, MT
Excellence (CoEs) that bring together
technology startups, entrepreneurs, and
investors to foster innovation and
collaboration and develop industry ready
digital solutions, through best practice sharing.
These CoEs are intended to knowledge,
research, and skills development hubs.
5.3.3. Promote the use e-government services by MoT, CCC IST, ST
businesses (for services ranging from online
permits and licensing to procurement), to
encourage digital transformation.
5.3.4. Build affordable and reliable data centers, MoT ST
equipped with high-speed connectivity, to
respond to the storage and processing needs of
businesses in all sectors of the economy.

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DIGITAL SRI LANKA 2030

6. SKILLS, LITERACY, INDUSTRY AND JOBS

Focus Areas and Description Key Areas for Action / Objective-Oriented Responsibility Timeline KPI(s)
6.1. Integrate the 6.1.1. Adopt a structured National Digital Skills and MoT, IST and ST 75% of the
development of digital Inclusion Strategy, that measures and responds Ministry of population by 2025
capabilities in the to skills gaps, considering Education is digitally literate,
educational system regional/rural/gender disparities, specifically of which 50% are
targeting skills development among youth, women (basic
elderly, women, unemployed and literacy as per new
marginalized communities, thereby meeting definition)
industry demand as well as the country’s
evolving social fabric.
6.1.2. Develop, as part of the National Digital Skills MoT IST and ST
and Inclusion Strategy, a Common Digital Ministry of
Skills Framework, which establishes a new Education
formal definition of “digital literacy” that can SLASSCOM
be embedded in inclusion, education, and
workforce policies, identifies and
characterizes different levels of digital skills
(from foundational to advanced, including for
new and disruptive technologies such as AI),
sets up a skills monitoring and evaluation
framework that measures skill levels for
targeted interventions, and creates
standardized, industry-recognized credentials.
6.1.3. Integrate and prioritize the teaching of digital MoT IST and ST
skills, soft skills (e.g., communication, critical Ministry of
thinking, creativity, collaboration) and Education
entrepreneurial skills essential to digital
transformation, across K-12, higher education,
and vocational training, including
strengthening teaching capacity for such skills,
providing opportunities for distance and
blended learning, internships, and assessing
progress through periodic monitoring and
evaluation.

35
DIGITAL SRI LANKA 2030

Focus Areas and Description Key Areas for Action / Objective-Oriented Responsibility Timeline KPI(s)
6.1.4. Reform, strengthen and scale the ICT and Ministry of ST
STEAM education ecosystem (for both Education, FITIS, in
vocational and higher education, across collaboration with
regions) to meet demand, through prioritized SLASSCOM
government investments, incentives for
private education, public-private partnerships,
and greater collaboration among stakeholders
(government, industry, academia, and civil
society).
6.2. Facilitate investment, 6.2.1. Foster an enabling environment for the growth Ministry Of IST and ST
entrepreneurship, and and proliferation of digital businesses, such as Industries Digital (ICT-BPM)
digital business growth the introduction of relevant regulatory export earnings of
provisions to prevent anti-competitive USD $3bn by 2025
practices, support for businesses in meeting
international standards, and the equivalence of
paper-based and electronic forms of exchange.
6.2.2. Integrate and simplify investment and transit Ministry of ST and MT
requirements across multiple government Investment
agencies. Promotion

Ministry of Finance
6.2.3. Review (modernize) labor and immigration Ministry of Labour ST and MT
legislation to spur new models of work (e.g.,
hybrid, part-time and remote), attract talent Ministry of Defense
and encourage innovation (e.g., through digital
nomad/entrepreneurship visa and tax incentive Ministry of Foreign
programs), and adapt to a rapidly evolving Affairs
technological landscape.

6.2.4. Establish and foster a consistent, inclusive and Ministry of ST

resilient entrepreneurship ecosystem for Technology
supporting digital startups through a coherent
national entrepreneurship strategy, which Ministry of Finance
includes better access to finance and venture

36
DIGITAL SRI LANKA 2030

Focus Areas and Description Key Areas for Action / Objective-Oriented Responsibility Timeline KPI(s)
capital (including micro-financing), Ministry of
community-driven innovation, startup Industries
incubators and accelerators, hubs and
technology parks, an enabling IPR framework, Ministry of
collaboration with academia and industry, and Investment
supportive enablers for sole trader and self- Promotion
employed/freelancer businesses in a gig
economy (e.g., registration and recognition) Department of
Commerce

6.2.5. Provide specific support and financial Ministry of IST and ST

incentives to women entrepreneurs, e.g., Technology
facilitated lending, mentorship networks and
dedicated incubator and accelerator programs. Ministry of Finance

Ministry of Women,
Child Affairs and
Social Empowerment
6.2.6. Adopt responsible environmental, social and Ministry of MT
governance (ESG) practices and regulations Technology
across industry and government
Department of
Commerce
6.3. Promote innovation 6.3.1. Promote the Sri Lankan digital industry Ministry of MT ad LT 300 local companies
and market access for around the world (e.g., in key export markets, Technology have acquired at
the digital industry trade missions, bilateral/multilateral trade least 3 new qualified
negotiations, start-up collaborations), with a Department of international lead
view to positioning the country as a world- Commerce annually by 2026
class dynamic digital hub and a viable and
attractive destination for Research and
Development (R&D), investment and talent.

37
DIGITAL SRI LANKA 2030

Focus Areas and Description Key Areas for Action / Objective-Oriented Responsibility Timeline KPI(s)
6.3.2. Adopt policies that support the development Ministry of IST and ST
of local R&D capabilities (such as tax Technology
incentives and preferred financing)

6.3.3. Implement policies and initiatives for public Ministry of Finance ST and MT
procurement that diversify access to tendering
opportunities for digital projects. Ministry of Public
Administration and
Home Affairs
6.3.4. Create regulatory sandboxes and innovation Ministry of ST and MT
testbeds, particularly for emerging Technology
technologies (such as AI and Internet of
Things), to ease the market entry of firms,
develop partnerships, strengthen competition,
and inform regulation.
6.3.5. Review and adopt legislation that can facilitate Ministry of ST and MT
access to cross-border markets, such as Industries
allowing the entry of international payment Department of
providers for inward payments. Commerce
CBSL
6.4. Develop digital skills 6.4.1. Introduce skills-based hiring practices to Ministry of IST and ST 200’000-strong
and talent for bridge digital skills gaps across industry and Technology digital (ICT-BPM)
Government and encourage the redistribution of labour and skill workforce by 2025
Industry sets to promote talent and create adaptable and Ministry of Public
agile workforces. Administration and
Home Affairs
6.4.2. Develop an integrated Digital skills Ministry of IST and ST
development and capacity-building strategy Technology
for a connected government, across all skills
levels, which promotes recruitment and Ministry of Public
retention of digitally skilled staff, and the Administration and
establishment of a Digital Academy for Home Affairs
training and curriculum development.

38
DIGITAL SRI LANKA 2030

Focus Areas and Description Key Areas for Action / Objective-Oriented Responsibility Timeline KPI(s)
6.4.3. Design and make available, in collaboration Ministry of IST and ST
with industry, reskilling and up-skilling Technology
programs (including train-the-trainer
programmes) to build a future-ready Ministry of Public
workforce and a digital economy that remains Administration and
relevant and competitive. Home Affairs
6.4.4. Create specific programs and initiatives to Ministry of IST and ST
develop digital skills (including advanced Technology
skills) among women, youth, rural,
unemployed, and marginalized communities,
to boost their participation in the digital
economy and fill important digital skills gaps.
6.4.5. Create a unified Jobs Portal, in collaboration Ministry of Public MT
with industry, to help businesses fill important Administration and
digital talent gaps, promote job mobility and Home Affairs
workforce adaptability, and enhance access for Ministry of Sports
job seekers to employment opportunities in the and Youth Affairs
digital space. Ministry of Women
and Child Affairs
Ministry of Labour

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DIGITAL SRI LANKA 2030

Annex B: Sri Lanka’s Digital Landscape: Current State of Play

(Background Paper)

This background paper aims to provide an overview of Sri Lanka’s current digital landscape, with a
focus on the key strategic areas of the national digital strategy. Each section assesses the current state
of play for the relevant strategic area, citing key indicators and references, as well as important gaps
and bottlenecks. The paper concludes with a section on the outlook to 2030.

Infrastructure, Connectivity and Access

The digital sector in Sri Lanka is well-established and mature. There is a high level of competitioni
across all services (except for DSL, where a single operator maintains a strong monopoly), with fixed
infrastructure sharing implemented through commercial agreements. Since 1991, the market has been
regulated by an independent and autonomous regulatory body - the Telecommunication Regulatory
Commission of Sri Lanka or TRCSLii. The country’s digital regulatory readiness has been ranked as
advanced by the ITU G5 benchmark (ITU-ICT Eye, 2020).
Digital infrastructure facilities in Sri Lanka have developed relatively well over the last two decades.
Both mobile voice and mobile data connections are on the rise. Operators are phasing out the
Broadband 3G coverage and two mobile operators have already shut down their 3G networks based
on the guideline given by TRCSL mobile coverage is available throughout the country. The regulator
TRCSL has been working towards enhancing island-wide 4G coverage to ensure seamless access to
digital services across the country, in collaboration with the private sector, namely through its project
'Gamata Sanniwedanaya' (‘Communication to the village’): under this project, 38 tower sites were
built and made operational by the end of 2022. Due to financial constraints and economic stresses, the
project was delayed and is now set to be completed by 2026 (CBSL, 2023). Furthermore, 5G trials are
being conducted by operators with the approval of TRC. TRCSL had expressed its intention of
deploying commercial 5G services by the end of Q1 2024.
The country has four mobile service providers (Dialog Axiata, SLT Mobitel, Hutchison
Telecommunications Lanka, and Bharti Airtel Lanka), and three fixed access service providers (Sri
Lanka Telecom (SLT), Dialog Broadband Networks, and Lanka Bell). In addition, there is one
facility-based Internet Service Provider (ISP) and three non-facility-based ISPs (TRCSL, 2023). High-
speed fiber connectivity is being extended beyond urban areas to rural areas, e.g., the SLT Group
recently expanded its fiber network across the country to cover a total of 65,000 km (SLT Mobitel,
2022).
Prices for internet data in Sri Lanka are relatively affordable when compared to other countries.
According to a research report by Cable, a UK-based provider of broadband, TV, phone and mobile
services, Sri Lanka was ranked the 8th country in terms of mobile data affordability for consumers in
2020. The average price for a gigabyte of mobile data in Sri Lanka decreased significantly by 34.6%
to USD 0.51 in 2020, relative to the previous year, based on the analysis of 38 mobile data plans
offered by providers in Sri Lanka (Daily Mirror, 2020a). This is largely attributed to the presence of a
dynamic and competitive market.
Despite the progress made on infrastructure rollout, and the affordable retail prices, Internet usage
remains limited in the country, due to low awareness, and poor digital literacy and skills: 62% of aged
15-65 Sri Lankans have heard of the internet but only 37% use it. 61% of non-internet users state that
they do not know what the internet is or what it has to offer and 6% do not know how to get online or

40
DIGITAL SRI LANKA 2030

make use of the internet. These figures are even lower for women and the elderly, and in rural, less
educated, and low-income communities (LIRNEAsia, 2019a).

On average, mobile users spend USD 5.30 per month on voice, SMS, and data, or 1.6% GDP per
capita (LIRNEAsia, 2019a), which is below the Broadband Commission’s affordability threshold iii.
Indeed, as is the case with Internet use, affordability is not the only critical factor hindering mobile
phone usage: social and cultural issues, individual needs, and level of education and literacy are even
more relevant. According to a 2019 Policy Brief from LIRNEAsia, among those who do not use a
mobile phone, 58% state that they do not need a mobile phone and 11% state that they do not know
how to use one (LIRNEAsia, 2019b). The same study found that 47% of mobile phone users use a
smartphone while the rest use either a feature phoneiv (7%) or a basic phone (46%). Significant access
and usage disparities exist between urban and rural areas: mobile phone ownership among
individuals aged 15-65 years stands at 84% in urban areas vs 77% in rural areas; Internet usage stands
at 45% in urban areas vs 35% in rural areas (LIRNEAsia, 2019a); and the percentage of households
with computers is 35.6% in urban areas vs only 20.3% in rural areas (Department of Census and
Statistics, Sri Lanka, 2022). Gender disparities, too, persist, although these are comparatively lower
than in some other South Asian countries: women lag men in terms of mobile phone ownership (72%
vs. 86%), Internet use (30% vs. 45%), and social media usage (21% vs. 39%) (LIRNEAsia, 2019a).
Surveys conducted by the country’s Department of Census and Statistics measure computer literacy
rates, and these have risen by 5.7% from 2017 – 2021 (with the greatest increase reported among
individuals proficient in the English language), reaching 34.3% in 2021 (but still higher among men,
at 36.1%, than among women, at 32.6%). Computer literacy among school children and the youth
population improved between 2019 and 2020. For example, the literacy rate of the age group 15-19
has jumped from 64.9% to 67.9% within a period of a year, with other adjacent age groups showing
similar improvements. However, the survey’s definition of computer literacy as "anybody who uses a
computer on his/her own" is limited in scope: under this definition, for instance, even a 5-year-old
child playing a simple computer game would be considered literate. A more comprehensive and
meaningful definition of “digital literacy” would be necessary to better identify measures and
initiatives that would leverage the benefits of a digital economy for all. Furthermore, the rationale
behind using a population sample of aged only between 5-69 years may need to be clarified and
revisited.

Skills, Literacy, Industry and Jobs

The information and communications technology (ICT) sector in Sri Lanka has experienced
remarkable growth, with its contribution to the national economy increasing from USD 166 million in
2006 to USD 1.2 billion in 2021. Sri Lankan software and services companies have established a
strong presence in the international market (EDB, undated). However, the Information and
Communication Technology-led Business Process Outsourcing (ICT/BPO) sector faced significant
challenges in 2022 due to the country's economic crisis. Economic instability led many professionals
in the sector to seek better opportunities abroad, leading to a significant brain drain. If this trend
continues, it could pose a severe threat to the growth of the ICT sector in Sri Lanka. Another
significant hurdle during the year was the mandatory conversion of export service proceeds, which
was enforced for a brief period in 2022. These unfavorable developments contributed to a negative
growth in the export of computer services in 2022 compared to the previous year, further impacting
the overall performance of the sector (CBSL, 2023).
The ICT-BPM (Business Process Management) workforce in Sri Lanka is undergoing deep structural
changes, with digital skills in this area steadily improving. According to the latest ICT-BPM survey

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DIGITAL SRI LANKA 2030

released in 2019, the overall strength of the ICT-BPM workforce has grown from 82,854 in 2014 to
124,873 in 2018, or 51% over five years. Assuming the same growth rate for the next three years, the
total ICT-BPM workforce has the potential to reach 207,000 by end of 2023 (a conservative estimate
as the rate itself is also likely to increase annually). The survey also finds that 84% of the workforce
possess at least a basic degree in either ICT or a non-ICT field, and 12% of the workforce even hold a
Master's degree or above. There has also been some progress in gender equality: between 2013 and
2018, women’s participation in the ICT-BPM workforce grew from 29% to 34%. BPM companies
have maintained a nearly balanced gender ratio, with over 48% women participation. The survey also
highlights a growing demand for ICT professionals: over 21,000 new professionals will be needed
annually, compared to a supply of only 12,000 (in 2018).
Historically, state-owned non-fee-levying universities were the primary source of both ICT and non-
ICT graduates. The situation has since changed, with fee-levying degree-awarding institutions now
producing a higher share of ICT-trained graduates, accounting for 70% of the total, while state-owned
universities contribute 30% (ICTA, 2019). Although this indicates an improvement of digital skills in
the ICT-trained workforce, it also highlights the important gap between skills supply and demand.
Students not selected by state or fee-levying universities often choose to pursue vocational training
courses provided by state and private institutes. Technical and Vocational Education and Training
(TVET) programs in Sri Lanka encompass a wide range of subjects (from agriculture to ICT) but
graduates tend to be employed by local companies at salaries significantly lower than university
graduates. In 2005, the National Vocational Qualification (NVQ) framework was introduced to
establish a standardized system for evaluating and certifying vocational skills. In 2022, the Ministry
of Education, in collaboration with ICTA and the private sector, developed the ‘National Policy for
Digital Transformation of Education’, which just received approval from the Cabinet of Ministers
(May 2023). The policy serves as a guiding framework for the advancement of digital education and
the development of a skilled ICT workforce in Sri Lanka.
Sri Lanka's startup ecosystem is in its early stages and is valued at USD 228 million in 2021. Key
initiatives such as the Startup Sri Lankav, the Startup Sri Lanka Acceleratorvi, and the SLASSCOM
Women Technopreneurs initiativevii are significantly making a value addition towards the growth of
the startups in the country. In 2016, the Suhuruliya (‘smart woman’) program was launched to
empower women by promoting entrepreneurship and digital literacy: the program provides support to
women leaders in villages and women entrepreneurs (ICTA, 2018). Recognizing the importance of
startups, the government has made amendments to the procurement law in 2021, allowing startups to
participate in government digitization projects valued up to LKR 2 million (approximately USD
6600). However, a major impediment faced by the ecosystem is the lack of an innovative and
entrepreneurial culture, where cultural norms that favor traditional jobs and joining the government
service discourage young people, especially women, from engaging in entrepreneurial activities
(SLASSCOM, 2021).

Connected Digital Government

Fueled by increasing data demand, Sri Lanka's digital data and services infrastructure is undergoing a
rapid transformation led by both the government and the private sector. In 2022, the total monthly
data usage in Sri Lanka, based on data from operators collated by the Central Bank of Sri Lanka, was
between 200-240 in Peta Bytes, up from 80-160 Peta Bytes in 2020-21 (CBSL, 2023).
Although there was a surge in the use of digital services during COVID-19, this was only a temporary
phenomenon. Several digital government services are already available to citizens, but are not
frequently used, particularly when offline alternatives exist. Although 26% of Sri Lankan Internet
users have accessed government information online, a mere 2% have interacted with government

42
DIGITAL SRI LANKA 2030

officers through web-based platforms, and only 4% have transacted with the government
(LIRNEAsia, 2019a). For example, although the online E-Revenue License (whereby vehicle owners
obtain and renew vehicle licenses) has been operational since 2009), in February 2023 only 3%
availed themselves of the online service (ICTA, 2023a).
The adoption of data services requires foundational identity system based on acceptance and trust.
With a view to promoting trust, the government issued in May 2023 a call for proposals to develop a
biometric-based Unique Digital Identity Framework (SLUDI). The primary objective is to establish a
foundational ID platform that will enable the issuance of new national identity cards for over 16.5
million adult individuals in the country. The establishment of this foundational ID platform will pave
the way for enhanced digital identity management and improved service delivery to the citizens of Sri
Lanka, including e-KYC services for both public and private transactions.
Despite the existence of government policies such as the Digital Government/Governance Policyviii,
Data Sharing Policyix, Information and Services Classificationx, and the Lanka Interoperability
Framework (LIFe)xi, a whole-of-government approach to the digital government agenda has not yet
been adopted: state entities continue to operate within digital silos instead of adopting a cohesive
‘connected government’ framework. To address this issue and facilitate smooth transactions across
various government departments, the nationwide Government Enterprise Architecture (GEA) was
developed and presented to the government by the Information and Communication Technology
Agency (ICTA) (Figure 02). The GEA has the potential to enable seamless and efficient data
exchange between diverse government organization, facilitated by a National Data Exchange (NDX).
The government's cloud computing infrastructure, known as The Lanka Government Cloud (LGC
2.0), provides secure and reliable infrastructure facilities to the government to host any type of
application or system (ICTA, 2018). Public agencies store their data largely on LGC 2.0, but private
companies are making good use of international public cloud services. Sri Lanka boasts two tier 3
data centers in Colombo and would have the potential to become an international data hub. However,
this would require the country to reposition itself on the international market rather than merely
catering to local demand.

Digital Financial Services

During 2022, the value of credit and debit card transactions grew by 42.1% and 67.4% to USD 1.1
billion and USD 1.45 billion, respectively, while the volume and value of the cheques dropped. This
is a clear indication of the increasing popularity of digital transactions (CBSL, 2023). It is not
surprising therefore that mobile banking applications on offer by banks, telecom companies, and
third-party providers have gained popularity for their increased convenience and security. Popular
services include eZ Cash (from mobile operator Dialog Axiata) and mCash (from mobile operator
SLT Mobitel). Applications that enable bill payments of utility services (water, electricity, telecom)
are also becoming increasingly popular.
The Sri Lanka e-commerce sector is currently experiencing significant growth, despite being highly
concentrated in Colombo. Recent reports (such as The World Bank’s DE4SA Digital Economy for
South Asia: Country Report Sri Lanka) indicate that the online retail industry in Sri Lanka was valued
between USD 85-90 million in 2020. The current market leader, Daraz, a subsidiary of Alibaba, has
established a formidable presence in Sri Lanka since its launch in 2016 (World Bank, 2021).
Furthermore, various businesses, such as select supermarket chains, bookstores, and consumer goods
delivery shops, offer online shopping platforms.
Sri Lanka surpasses the average financial account ownership rate in South Asia, currently standing at
an impressive 88%. However, more work needs to be done to increase financial inclusion and make

43
DIGITAL SRI LANKA 2030

sure no one is left behind. For instance, although the government established a monthly support
program of LKR 5,000 (approximately USD 16) for impoverished families during COVID-19
lockdowns, many eligible families were not able to receive assistance, as, in the absence of
established payment systems, distributions were carried out manually through the village government
officers (or ‘grama niladharis'). There were also instances of misappropriation of funds (Daily Mirror,
2020b). Furthermore, low financial inclusion has given rise to informal channels for cross-border
transactions, such as Hawala and Undiyal. The Central Bank of Sri Lanka has conducted an analysis
on this matter and identified potential risks associated with informal money transfer methods, from a
decrease in tax revenue to terrorist financing and money laundering. Considering these significant
threats to the economy, efforts to restrict the growth of Hawala and Undiyal channels were reinforced
in 2021 (CBSL, 2022).
In 2021, the government, through the Central Bank of Sri Lanka, launched its first National Financial
Inclusion Strategy (NFIS), with the primary objective to enhance the accessibility, efficiency, and
affordability of financial services, primarily over digital channels. To achieve these goals, the NFIS
intends to facilitate financial service outreach, by increasing the number of physical banking facilities,
such as branches, automated teller machines (ATMs), and Point of Sale (POS) devices, as well as by
expanding online digital services. Moreover, the strategy strives to foster a heightened demand for
financial services by cultivating an environment that encourages their utilization. A noteworthy aspect
of the NFIS is its commitment to bridging the gender gap by empowering women entrepreneurs to
promote gender equality and inclusivity (CBSL, 2022).
All electronic communications and transactions are governed by the Electronic Transactions Act No.
19 of 2006 and its Amendment Act No. 25 of 2017 (collectively referred to as the “ETA”). The ETA
recognizes and facilitates the formation of contracts, the creation and exchange of data messages,
electronic documents, electronic records, and other communications, in electronic form in Sri Lanka.
Sri Lanka CERT |CC (www.cert.gov.lk ) is Sri Lanka’s National Root Certification Authority
(https://nca.gov.lk) and LankaSign has been appointed as the sole Certification Service Provider
(ICTA, 2022).

Cybersecurity, Safety and Privacy

In a notable milestone, the government of Sri Lanka was the first country in South Asia to introduce a
comprehensive legislative framework for data protection. The Personal Data Protection Act in 2022
reflects the government's commitment to ensuring the security and privacy of personal information.
Under the provisions of the act, a dedicated and independent data regulator will be established to
oversee and enforce compliance with data protection regulations, in close collaboration with key
institutions such as the Central Bank, Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), and the
Telecommunications Regulatory Commission of Sri Lanka (TRCSL). However, at the time of writing
(May 2023), the data regulator has yet to be established. It is anticipated that the government will
undertake the necessary steps to establish this agency soon (Sunday Times, 2023).
In terms of cybersecurity protection, Sri Lanka has made significant strides, including the
establishment of the Sri Lanka Computer Emergency Readiness Team - Coordination Centre
(SLCERT|CC) as the primary agency responsible for preventing and mitigating cyber threats and
incidents, in close collaboration with law enforcement agencies and other stakeholders. In addition, a
Cyber Security Act is currently in the pipeline, to implement the 2019-2023 National Information and
Cybersecurity Strategy, to provide for the establishment of the Digital Infrastructure Protection
Agency of Sri Lanka, for the empowerment of SLCERT|CC and other key institutions, and for the
protection critical information infrastructure (SLCERT|CC, 2019). The delay in passing the Cyber
Security Act has resulted in a more vulnerable environment to cyber threats. According to

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SLCERT|CC, reported cyber security incidents have been on the rise from 2019 to 2020. This
increase is seen mainly in number of ransomware incidents (6 to 24), scams (5 to 157), financial and
e-mail frauds (7 to 57), phishing (5 to 17) and server attacks (2 to 6). The year 2020 also saw 15,895
cyber security incidents related to social media (CERT, 2020). The government has recently made
assurances that the Cyber Security Act will be passed by parliament before the end 2023. (Daily
Mirror, 2023)
The government has also invested in training and awareness programs to educate individuals and
organizations about cyber security best practices. Despite these efforts, however, cyber threats remain
a concern in Sri Lanka, and continued investment and attention to cyber security is necessary to
ensure the safety and security of the country's digital infrastructure. Absence of the proper security
measures could result in more incidents such as the massive data loss (over 2,000 GB), at Sri Lanka’s
state-run medicines regulator, the National Medicines Regulatory Authority (NMRA) (Sunday Times,
2021).

Digitalization across Sectors and MSMEs

The ICT industry is currently the second largest contributor to Sri Lanka’s export revenue, comprising
over 500 companies and catering to a multitude of industry verticals including communications,
apparel and textiles, banking financial services and insurance, healthcare, manufacturing, media,
retailing, transportation, travel and leisure.
In Sri Lankan hospitals, for example, various information management systems are being used for
patient and logistics management, together with different kinds of digital medical equipment. At the
national and provincial levels, hospitals use the Hospital Health Information Management System
(HHIMS), which significantly improves the quality of outpatient departments by providing timely
access to critical clinical information, facilitating the mobilization of resources, and promoting
accountability. Moreover, HHIMS offers monitoring capabilities to decision-makers, aiding in the
detection and control of emerging and endemic health issues (ICTA, 2021). The country’s Ministry of
Health has also developed a Hospital Information Management System (HIMS), which serves as a
comprehensive electronic system supporting various functions within hospitals, although private
hospitals often deploy their own systems for information management purposes.
Sri Lanka’s Banking and Financial sector has also embraced extensive digitization and automation in
recent years to streamline operations. The Central Bank of Sri Lanka (CBSL) is currently leading the
digitalization efforts of the country's payments infrastructure. The national payment system consists
of two main components: the Real Time Gross Settlement (RTGS) system for high-value payments
and the Common Electronic Fund Transfer Switch (CEFTS) for real-time retail transactions. To
ensure seamless transactions, interoperable ATMs are managed through a Common ATM Switch
(CAS), while a shared POS terminal enables the use of any debit/credit card via the Common POS
Switch (CPS), regardless of the issuing bank. To further enhance financial inclusion and reduce
reliance on cash, licensed financial institutions, CBSL, and LankaClear have introduced the
LANKAQR code, which facilitates direct money transfers from customer accounts to service
providers, offering a cost-effective digital payment solution aimed specifically at small and medium
enterprises (CBSL, 2023).
In the country’s education sector, ICTs are increasing being used to cater to the needs of its 4.3
million student population. One notable example is E-thaksalawa, led by the Ministry of Education --
an online learning content management system (LCMS) that serves as a platform for various
educational purposes and offering features such as online collaboration, communication tools, access
to traditional and modern forms of entertainment, counseling services, and web-based learning
content. The educational material in the platform is regularly updated to ensure it is aligned with the

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national syllabus and made easily accessible to both students and teachers. During the COVID-19
lockdowns, this system played a vital role in ensuring uninterrupted education by enabling remote
learning (Ministry of Education, Undated).

Looking Forward to 2030

In addition to the six thematic areas mentioned above, digitization has the potential to bring about
long-term positive impacts in many other areas and can help achieve the Sustainable Development
Goals (SDGs) from education to healthcare. Digital technologies hold great potential for disaster risk
reduction: for example, cell broadcasting can be used to send out early warning messages to people in
areas at risk of natural disasters. In the power and energy sector, digital transformation can help to
minimize energy waste and create a more sustainable balance between power generation and
environmental impact.
The advancement of emerging technologies presents a significant opportunity for Sri Lanka to achieve
a sudden and substantial transformation of its digital landscape. Sri Lankan President Ranil
Wickremesinghe has underscored the importance of building a robust, export-oriented economy, and
emphasized the significance of fostering extensive economic and technological partnerships with
neighboring countries. Furthermore, the president has disclosed that the government has allocated
LKR 1 billion (USD 3.3 million) towards the development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in 2024, with
a particular emphasis on green energy and renewable energy technologies (Newswire, 2023).
Meanwhile, the Ministry of Education has decided to incorporate Information Technology and
Artificial Intelligence into school curricula from 2024 (Adaderana, 2023). This concerted focus is
primed to be instrumental in helping the country navigate the ongoing the economic challenges it
confronts. It is essential that the private sector play a key role in these efforts. Furthermore,
implementing measures to enhance regulatory capacity, promoting public capital investment,
fostering collaboration between the private and public sectors, and striving for greater social
inclusiveness are key proactive initiatives for future progress.
However, the adoption of government-wide initiatives to stimulate the digital economy is currently
hindered by several challenges. One of the primary obstacles is the varying levels of maturity among
governmental entities, as not all entities fully comprehend the importance of connectivity,
inclusiveness, and interoperability. Another recurring issue is the disruption of implementation plans
caused by changes in political leadership. Overcoming these challenges will require consistent
strategy development, monitoring of progress, and strong top-level support.

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ENDNOTES
i
The Fair Trading Commission Act (FTCA) was enacted in Sri Lanka in 1987, thereby introducing
competition law in the country. The FTCA holds a broad purview with regards to regulating
monopolies, mergers, anti-competitive practices, and shaping a national price policy. The
responsibility for implementing this Act has been delegated to appropriate authorities.
ii
Sri Lanka Telecommunication Act of 1991 created the Regulatory Authority and converted the
former Department of Telecommunication to a public company.
iii
See https://a4ai.org/affordable-internet-journey-from-1-to-5/
iv
i.e., a low-priced model but with a color screen, such as Nokia 3310
v
Launched in 2015, towards fostering the entrepreneurial and innovation landscape in the country.
vi
Introduced in 2020, addressing the need for structured acceleration programs tailored for scale-ups.
vii
Launched to encourage more women entrepreneurs in the tech industry, aiming to support and
catalyze the growth of women-led startups, contributing towards the industry's target of facilitating
1,000 startups by 2025.
viii
https://www.icta.lk/icta-assets/uploads/2022/06/Digital-Govt-Policy_Ver-4.2_Latest.pdf
ix
https://www.nsdi.gov.lk/national-data-sharing-policy-draft
x
https://www.gov.lk/elaws/wordpress/wp-
content/uploads/2015/08/Information_Classification_FW_Report-v3-1.pdf
xi
https://www.life.gov.lk/index.php?lang=en

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