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Microbio Notes

microbio

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Noquillo Franzy
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5 views

Microbio Notes

microbio

Uploaded by

Noquillo Franzy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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BACTERIA &  Prokaryotic Nature: Both bacteria and archaea are prokaryotic, meaning their cells lack

ARCHAEA nuclei and their genes are not enclosed by a membrane.


 Cell Walls:
o Bacteria: Cell walls contain peptidoglycan; some lack cell walls.
o Archaea: Cell walls do not contain peptidoglycan; composed of different
chemicals.
 Reproduction: Both groups reproduce asexually.
 Size: Generally smaller than eukaryotic cells.
 Habitats:
o Found in various moist environments.
o Archaea thrive in extreme conditions like saline lakes, acidic hot springs, and
oxygen-depleted swamps.
o No archaea known to cause human diseases.
 Bacteria Reputation:
o Majority are non-pathogenic and beneficial to humans and ecosystems.
o Essential for body health and preventing diseases.
o Decompose dead matter, recycling essential elements like phosphorus, sulfur,
nitrogen, and carbon.

FUNGI  Eukaryotic Nature: Fungi are eukaryotic, meaning their cells contain a nucleus with
genetic material enclosed by a membrane.
 Differences:
o From plants: Obtain food from other organisms, not self-sustaining.
o From animals: Have cell walls.
 Microscopic Fungi: Includes molds and yeasts.
 Molds:
o Typically multicellular.
o Grow as long filaments that intertwine to form the mold body.
o Reproduce via sexual and asexual spores.
o Visible as cottony growths on cheese, bread, and jams.
o Penicillium chrysogenum produces penicillin.
 Yeasts:
o Unicellular, often oval to round.
o Reproduce asexually by budding; some also produce sexual spores.
o Saccharomyces cerevisiae is used in baking and alcohol production.
o Candida albicans is known for causing yeast infections in women.

PROTOZOA  Protozoa: Single-celled eukaryotes, often likened to animals in terms of nutritional needs
and cellular structure.
 Locomotion: Classified by their locomotive structures:
o Pseudopods: Cell extensions that flow in the direction of travel.
o Cilia: Numerous short protrusions that beat rhythmically for movement.
o Flagella: Fewer, longer, and more whiplike extensions than cilia.
 Non-motile Protozoa: Some, like the malaria-causing Plasmodium, are non-motile in
mature forms.
 Habitat: Many live freely in water; others reside inside animal hosts and can cause
diseases.
 Reproduction: Most reproduce asexually; some have sexual reproduction as well.

ALGAE  Photosynthetic Eukaryotes: Algae are unicellular or multicellular organisms that make
their own food from sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water.
 Differences from Plants: They have simpler reproductive structures and differ in
pigmentation and cell wall composition.
 Large Algae (Seaweeds and Kelps):
o Found commonly in oceans.
o Source of gelatinous chemicals for food and cosmetics.
o Agar extracted from algae is used to solidify laboratory media.
 Unicellular Algae:
o Present in freshwater and marine environments.
o Primary food source for small aquatic animals.
o Major contributors to the world’s oxygen through photosynthesis.
o Diatoms have glasslike cell walls used in polishing compounds.

OTHER  Parasitic Worms:


ORGANISMS OF o Range from microscopic to over 10 meters in length.
IMPORTANCE o Studied by early microbiologists due to disease causation.
TO o Diagnosis involves finding eggs and immature stages in various specimens.
MICROBIOLOGI  Viruses:
STS o Smaller than the smallest prokaryote, not visible by light microscopy.
o Seen with the invention of the electron microscope in 1932.
o Acellular obligatory parasites with genetic material encased in a protein coat.
 Historical Context:
o Leeuwenhoek reported microorganisms in the late 1600s.
o Microbiology didn’t advance significantly for almost two centuries due to
Leeuwenhoek’s secrecy and the loss of his microscope-making technique.
o The field developed with a new philosophy demanding experimental evidence,
improved microscopes, and new laboratory techniques in the late 1800s.

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