Lab - View the Switch MAC Address Table

Topology

Addressing Table
Device Interface IP Address Subnet Mask

S1 VLAN 1 192.168.1.11 255.255.255.0

S2 VLAN 1 192.168.1.12 255.255.255.0
PC-A NIC 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
PC-B NIC 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.0

Objectives
Part 1: Build and Configure the Network
Part 2: Examine the Switch MAC Address Table

Background / Scenario
The purpose of a Layer 2 LAN switch is to deliver Ethernet frames to host devices on the local network. The
switch records host MAC addresses that are visible on the network, and maps those MAC addresses to its
own Ethernet switch ports. This process is called building the MAC address table. When a switch receives a
frame from a PC, it examines the frame’s source and destination MAC addresses. The source MAC address
is recorded and mapped to the switch port from which it arrived. Then the destination MAC address is looked
up in the MAC address table. If the destination MAC address is a known address, then the frame is forwarded
out of the corresponding switch port associated with that MAC address. If the MAC address is unknown, then
the frame is broadcasted out of all switch ports, except the one from which it came. It is important to observe
and understand the function of a switch and how it delivers data on the network. The way a switch operates
has implications for network administrators whose job it is to ensure secure and consistent network
communication.
Switches are used to interconnect and deliver information to computers on local area networks. Switches
deliver Ethernet frames to host devices identified by network interface card MAC addresses.
In Part 1, you will build a multi-switch topology with a trunk linking the two switches. In Part 2, you will ping
various devices and observe how the two switches build their MAC address tables.

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Lab - View the Switch MAC Address Table

Note: The switches used are Cisco Catalyst 2960s with Cisco IOS Release 15.2(2) (lanbasek9 image). Other
switches and Cisco IOS versions can be used. Depending on the model and Cisco IOS version, the
commands available and output produced might vary from what is shown in the labs.
Note: Make sure that the switches have been erased and have no startup configurations. If you are unsure
contact your instructor.

Required Resources
 2 Switches (Cisco 2960 with Cisco IOS Release 15.2(2) lanbasek9 image or comparable)
 2 PCs (Windows with terminal emulation program, such as Tera Term)
 Console cables to configure the Cisco IOS devices via the console ports
 Ethernet cables as shown in the topology
Note: The Fast Ethernet interfaces on Cisco 2960 switches are autosensing and an Ethernet straight-through
cable may be used between switches S1 and S2. If using another model Cisco switch, it may be necessary to
use an Ethernet crossover cable.

Instructions

Part 1: Build and Configure the Network

Step 1: Cable the network according to the topology.

Step 2: Configure PC hosts.

Step 3: Initialize and reload switches as necessary.

Step 4: Configure basic settings for each switch.

Open configuration window

a. Configure device name as shown in the topology.

b. Configure IP address as listed in Addressing Table.
c. Assign cisco as the console and vty passwords.
d. Assign class as the privileged EXEC password.
Close configuration window

Part 2: Examine the Switch MAC Address Table

A switch learns MAC addresses and builds the MAC address table, as network devices initiate
communication on the network.

Step 1: Record network device MAC addresses.

a. Open a command prompt on PC-A and PC-B and type ipconfig /all.
Open Windows command prompt
Question:

What are the Ethernet adapter physical addresses?

PC-A MAC Address:

Câu trả lời sẽ phụ thuộc vào NIC trên PC của bạn. Nó sẽ được hiển thị dưới dạng
xx-xx-xx-xx-xx-xx.Type your answers here.
PC-B MAC Address:

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Lab - View the Switch MAC Address Table

TCâu trả lời sẽ phụ thuộc vào NIC trên PC của bạn. Nó sẽ được hiển thị dưới dạng
xx-xx-xx-xx-xx-xx.ype your answers here.
Close Windows command prompt

b. Console into switch S1 and S2 and type the show interface F0/1 command on each switch.
Open a configuration window
Questions:

On the second line of command output, what is the hardware addresses (or burned-in address [bia])?
S1 Fast Ethernet 0/1 MAC Address:

Câu trả lời sẽ phụ thuộc vào địa chỉ MAC của switch. Địa chỉ MAC có dạng
xxxx.xxxx.xxxx.Type your answers here.
S2 Fast Ethernet 0/1 MAC Address:

Câu trả lời sẽ phụ thuộc vào địa chỉ MAC của switch. Địa chỉ MAC có dạng
xxxx.xxxx.xxxx.Type your answers here.
Close a configuration window

Step 2: Display the switch MAC address table.

Console into switch S2 and view the MAC address table, both before and after running network
communication tests with ping.
a. Establish a console connection to S2 and enter privileged EXEC mode.
Open a configuration window

b. In privileged EXEC mode, type the show mac address-table command and press Enter.
S2# show mac address-table
Even though there has been no network communication initiated across the network (i.e., no use of ping),
it is possible that the switch has learned MAC addresses from its connection to the PC and the other
switch.
Questions:

Are there any MAC addresses recorded in the MAC address table?

Bộ chuyển mạch có thể có một hoặc nhiều địa chỉ MAC trong bảng của nó, dựa
trên việc học sinh có nhập lệnh ping khi định cấu hình mạng hay không. Switch
rất có thể đã học được địa chỉ MAC thông qua cổng switch F0/1 của S1. Switch sẽ
ghi lại nhiều địa chỉ MAC của các máy chủ đã học được thông qua kết nối với
switch còn lại trên F0/1.Type your answers here.

What MAC addresses are recorded in the table? To which switch ports are they mapped and to which
devices do they belong? Ignore MAC addresses that are mapped to the CPU.

TCó thể có nhiều địa chỉ MAC được ghi trong bảng địa chỉ MAC, đặc biệt là các
địa chỉ MAC được học qua cổng chuyển đổi F0/1 của S1. Trong ví dụ đầu ra ở
trên, địa chỉ MAC S1 F0/1 và địa chỉ MAC PC-A được ánh xạ tới S2 F0/1.ype your
answers here.

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Lab - View the Switch MAC Address Table

If you had not previously recorded MAC addresses of network devices in Step 1, how could you tell which
devices the MAC addresses belong to, using only the output from the show mac address-table
command? Does it work in all scenarios?

TĐầu ra của lệnh show mac address-table hiển thị cổng mà địa chỉ MAC đã được
học. Trong hầu hết các trường hợp, điều này sẽ xác định địa chỉ MAC thuộc về
thiết bị mạng nào, ngoại trừ trường hợp có nhiều địa chỉ MAC được liên kết với
cùng một cổng. Điều này xảy ra khi các switch được kết nối với các switch khác và
ghi lại tất cả địa chỉ MAC của các thiết bị được kết nối với switch kia.ype your
answers here.

Step 3: Clear the S2 MAC address table and display the MAC address table again.
a. In privileged EXEC mode, type the clear mac address-table dynamic command and press Enter.
S2# clear mac address-table dynamic
b. Quickly type the show mac address-table command again.
Questions:

Does the MAC address table have any addresses in it for VLAN 1? Are there other MAC addresses
listed?

Không. Học sinh rất có thể sẽ phát hiện ra rằng địa chỉ MAC cho cổng chuyển
mạch F0/1 của switch kia đã nhanh chóng được lắp lại vào bảng địa chỉ MAC.Type
your answers here.

S2# show mac address-table

Mac Address Table
-------------------------------------------

Vlan Mac Address Type Ports

---- ----------- -------- -----
All 0100.0ccc.cccc STATIC CPU
All 0100.0ccc.cccd STATIC CPU
All 0180.c200.0000 STATIC CPU
All 0180.c200.0001 STATIC CPU
All 0180.c200.0002 STATIC CPU
All 0180.c200.0003 STATIC CPU
All 0180.c200.0004 STATIC CPU
All 0180.c200.0005 STATIC CPU
All 0180.c200.0006 STATIC CPU
All 0180.c200.0007 STATIC CPU
All 0180.c200.0008 STATIC CPU
All 0180.c200.0009 STATIC CPU
All 0180.c200.000a STATIC CPU
All 0180.c200.000b STATIC CPU

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Lab - View the Switch MAC Address Table

All 0180.c200.000c STATIC CPU

All 0180.c200.000d STATIC CPU
All 0180.c200.000e STATIC CPU
All 0180.c200.000f STATIC CPU
All 0180.c200.0010 STATIC CPU
All ffff.ffff.ffff STATIC CPU
1 001a.e3cf.b883 DYNAMIC Fa0/1
Total Mac Addresses for this criterion: 21

Wait 10 seconds, type the show mac address-table command, and press Enter. Are there new
addresses in the MAC address table?

TyCác câu trả lời sẽ khác nhau. Có thể có nhiều địa chỉ MAC hơn trong bảng.pe
your answers here.
Close a configuration window

Step 4: From PC-B, ping the devices on the network and observe the switch MAC address table.
a. From PC-B, open a command prompt and type arp -a.
Open a command prompt
Question:

Not including multicast or broadcast addresses, how many device IP-to-MAC address pairs have been
learned by ARP?

Các câu trả lời sẽ khác nhau. Bộ đệm ARP có thể không có mục nào trong đó hoặc
có thể có địa chỉ IP cổng vào ánh xạ địa chỉ MAC
C:\Users\PC-B> arp –a
<output omitted>
Interface: 192.168.1.2 --- 0x6
Internet Address Physical Address Type
192.168.1.255 ff-ff-ff-ff-ff-ff static
224.0.0.22 01-00-5e-00-00-16 static
224.0.0.252 01-00-5e-00-00-fc static
255.255.255.255 ff-ff-ff-ff-ff-ff static

.Type your answers here.

b. From the PC-B command prompt, ping PC-A, S1, and S2.
Question:

Did all devices have successful replies? If not, check your cabling and IP configurations.

Nếu mạng được nối cáp và được cấu hình đúng thì câu trả lời sẽ là cóType your
answers here.
Close a command prompt

c. From a console connection to S2, enter the show mac address-table command.
Open a configuration window
Question:

Has the switch added additional MAC addresses to the MAC address table? If so, which addresses and
devices?

Có thể chỉ có một ánh xạ địa chỉ MAC bổ sung được thêm vào bảng, rất có thể là
địa chỉ MAC của PC-AT
S2# show mac address-table
Mac Address Table
-------------------------------------------

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Lab - View the Switch MAC Address Table

Vlan Mac Address Type Ports

---- ----------- -------- -----
All 0100.0ccc.cccc STATIC CPU
All 0100.0ccc.cccd STATIC CPU
All 0180.c200.0000 STATIC CPU
All 0180.c200.0001 STATIC CPU
All 0180.c200.0002 STATIC CPU
All 0180.c200.0003 STATIC CPU
All 0180.c200.0004 STATIC CPU
All 0180.c200.0005 STATIC CPU
All 0180.c200.0006 STATIC CPU
All 0180.c200.0007 STATIC CPU
All 0180.c200.0008 STATIC CPU
All 0180.c200.0009 STATIC CPU
All 0180.c200.000a STATIC CPU
All 0180.c200.000b STATIC CPU
All 0180.c200.000c STATIC CPU
All 0180.c200.000d STATIC CPU
All 0180.c200.000e STATIC CPU
All 0180.c200.000f STATIC CPU
All 0180.c200.0010 STATIC CPU
All ffff.ffff.ffff STATIC CPU
1 001a.e3cf.b883 DYNAMIC Fa0/1
1 001a.e3cf.b8c0 DYNAMIC Fa0/1
1 0050.56b3.27d6 DYNAMIC Fa0/1
1 0050.56b3.ff54 DYNAMIC Fa0/18
Total Mac Addresses for this criterion: 24

ype your answers here.

Close a configuration window
Open a command prompt

From PC-B, open a command prompt and retype arp -a.

Question:

Does the PC-B ARP cache have additional entries for all network devices that were sent pings?

Các câu trả lời có thể khác nhau nhưng bộ nhớ đệm ARP trên PC-B sẽ có nhiều
mục nhập hơn.T
C:\Users\PC-B> arp –a
<output omitted>
Interface: 192.168.1.2 --- 0x6
Internet Address Physical Address Type
192.168.1.1 00-50-56-b3-27-d6 dynamic
192.168.1.11 00-1a-e3-cf-b8-c0 dynamic
192.168.1.12 00-25-83-e6-90-c0 dynamic
192.168.1.255 ff-ff-ff-ff-ff-ff static
224.0.0.22 01-00-5e-00-00-16 static
224.0.0.252 01-00-5e-00-00-fc static
239.255.255.250 01-00-5e-7f-ff-fa static

ype your answers here.

Close a command prompt

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Lab - View the Switch MAC Address Table

Reflection Question
On Ethernet networks, data is delivered to devices by their MAC addresses. For this to happen, switches and
PCs dynamically build ARP caches and MAC address tables. With only a few computers on the network this
process seems fairly easy. What might be some of the challenges on larger networks?

TChương trình phát sóng ARP có thể gây ra cơn bão phát sóng. Vì bảng ARP và
switch MAC không xác thực hoặc xác thực địa chỉ IP thành địa chỉ MAC nên rất dễ
giả mạo một thiết bị trên mạng.ype your answers here.

1. End of DocumentDevice Configs

Part 3: Switch S1
S1# show running-config
Building configuration...

version 15.0
no service pad
service timestamps debug datetime msec
service timestamps log datetime msec
no service password-encryption
!
hostname S1
!
boot-start-marker
boot-end-marker
!
enable secret 5 $1$lRkm$DFlxhlhb6FCHl4J.ux4Fb/
!
no aaa new-model
system mtu routing 1500
!
spanning-tree mode pvst
spanning-tree extend system-id
!
vlan internal allocation policy ascending
!
!
!
interface FastEthernet0/1
!
interface FastEthernet0/2
!
interface FastEthernet0/3
!
interface FastEthernet0/4
!
interface FastEthernet0/5
!
interface FastEthernet0/6
!

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Lab - View the Switch MAC Address Table

interface FastEthernet0/7
!
interface FastEthernet0/8
!
interface FastEthernet0/9
!
interface FastEthernet0/10
!
interface FastEthernet0/11
!
interface FastEthernet0/12
!
interface FastEthernet0/13
!
interface FastEthernet0/14
!
interface FastEthernet0/15
!
interface FastEthernet0/16
!
interface FastEthernet0/17
!
interface FastEthernet0/18
!
interface FastEthernet0/19
!
interface FastEthernet0/20
!
interface FastEthernet0/21
!
interface FastEthernet0/22
!
interface FastEthernet0/23
!
interface FastEthernet0/24
!
interface GigabitEthernet0/1
!
interface GigabitEthernet0/2
!
interface Vlan1
ip address 192.168.1.11 255.255.255.0
!
ip http server
ip http secure-server
!
line con 0
line vty 0 4
password cisco
login
line vty 5 15
login
!
end

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Lab - View the Switch MAC Address Table

Part 4: Switch S2
S2#show running-config
Building configuration...

version 15.0
no service pad
service timestamps debug datetime msec
service timestamps log datetime msec
no service password-encryption
!
hostname S2
!
boot-start-marker
boot-end-marker
!
enable secret 5 $1$lRkm$DFlxhlhb6FCHl4J.ux4Fb/
!
no aaa new-model
system mtu routing 1500
!
spanning-tree mode pvst
spanning-tree extend system-id
!
vlan internal allocation policy ascending
!
interface FastEthernet0/1
!
interface FastEthernet0/2
!
interface FastEthernet0/3
!
interface FastEthernet0/4
!
interface FastEthernet0/5
!
interface FastEthernet0/6
!
interface FastEthernet0/7
!
interface FastEthernet0/8
!
interface FastEthernet0/9
!
interface FastEthernet0/10
!
interface FastEthernet0/11
!
interface FastEthernet0/12
!
interface FastEthernet0/13
!
interface FastEthernet0/14
!
interface FastEthernet0/15
!

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Lab - View the Switch MAC Address Table

interface FastEthernet0/16
!
interface FastEthernet0/17
!
interface FastEthernet0/18
!
interface FastEthernet0/19
!
interface FastEthernet0/20
!
interface FastEthernet0/21
!

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