COPENHAGEN :

A SUSTAINABLE AND SMART CITY

SUZAN JOHNS 18BAC08

VISHAL GUPTA 18BAC09
 COPENHAGEN: PLANNING

• In 1947, Copenhagen established the Five Finger Plan.

• The plan for the city’s growth designated five corridors of urban
development, along railway lines to provide convenient
transportation to Copenhagen’s business district in the central
part of the city.
• Planned suburbs were to be built along these corridors and
linked together like beads on a string.

• The development plan resembles a hand with five fingers

stretching out away from the city center.
• The plan allowed for controlled urban growth while leaving
space open for recreation and agriculture.
• These green spaces were to occupy the land between the
fingers.
 COPENHAGEN :
PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM

• The 170 km s-tog lines of the Five Finger Plan, along with an
extensive bus system, four lines of waterbuses and a small but
efficient metro (2002-2007), make up Copenhagen’s city
public transportation system.
 SUSTAINABILITY: INTRODUCTION

Three pillars of sustainability are :

• Economic development (ability to support

economic production indefinitely)
• Social development (ability of a social system to
function at a defined level of social well-being
indefinitely)
• Environmental protection (ability to maintain rates
of renewable resource harvest, pollution creation,
and non-renewable resource depletion that can be
continued indefinitely)

A sustainable society leads to equal access to health care, nutrition, clean water, shelter, education, energy,
economic opportunities and employment in which humans live in harmony in the present and preserve for future
as well.
 INTRODUCTION
Copenhagen, Denmark
Copenhagen is a coastal city in Denmark that is leading the way in sustainable development.
Copenhagen is a part of sustainable city project because it aims for sustainability, has received European Green Capital Award
for 2014 and it seeks to become Carbon neutral capital by 2025.

• Integrating Climate into Energy Supply

• Greener Transport
• Energy Efficient Buildings
• Copenhageners and Climate
• Climate in Urban Development
• Adapting to the Future Climate
 COPENHAGEN: A SUSTAINABILTY MODEL

• Leading model of urban sustainability.

• Cited as an exemplary city on countless occasions, experts
coincide in considering it the world's greenest city.
• A title it was officially awarded in 2017, when the C40 group of
cities recognized its urban ecology.
• Today, more than 30% of Denmark's energy requirements come
from renewables, and it expects to reach 50% by 2030 and
achieve energy independence by 2050.
• A considerable part of this energy sustainability is from biofuels
and waste management.
 COPENHAGEN: A
SUSTAINABILTY MODEL
 COPENHAGEN SUSTAINABILITY GOALS

Copenhagen has maintained a strategy focused

on adapting public spaces, fostering renewable
energies and the rationalization of cleaner
mobility.
The authorities intend to neutralize 100% of the
city's polluting emissions by 2025, while taking
into account that its urban population of 1.3
million will increase by 20%.
• Sensitivity to Climate Change
• District Heating/Cooling
• Energy Efficient Buildings
• Preserving Green Space
• The Municipality Behind Sustainability
• Public Service
• Global Initiatives
 ADAPTING TO THE FUTURE CLIMATE

The most pressing issues for the coastal city of Copenhagen are sea level rise and increased precipitation, which can lead to
damaging floods.
Also, as population rises, cities around the world are vulnerable to the “heat island effect”, so Copenhagen must also plan for
and minimize heat waves.

Pocket parks & Green Roofs

• Reduces the heat island effect that contributes to many
cities’ heat waves and demand for energy consuming
artificial cooling.
• Green roofs, green wall, and pocket parks increase the
amount of infiltration into groundwater and relieves sewage
systems of excess water, restoring natural water cycles as
much as possible
• Bicycle routes have been created to enable an easy
transportation alternative to driving
• By 2015, 90% of Copenhageners will live within 15 minutes
walking distance of a public park and 14 pocket parks will be
established throughout the city.
 BICYCLES: THE MOST COMMON MODE
OF TRANSPORT

• In 2016, there were 675,000 bicycles and just 120,000 cars

on the streets of Copenhagen.
• It is not that the city was not supporting electric vehicles as
a sustainable solution; it is that, directly, a vast majority of
citizens do not need a car.
• Around 62% of the city's residents commute to work or
school by bike and almost one third of all journeys across
the city are done with this mode of transport.
• The aim is to reach 50% by 2050.
USE OF RENEWABLES

• It is estimated that 66% of the city's CO2 emissions

are from energy consumption. To continue with the
record drop in emissions and reach the national
emissions target, the city has drawn up a climate
plan focusing on four pillars:
• Energy consumption.
• Energy production.
• Mobility.
• City administration initiatives.
 ENERGY EFFICIENT BUILDINGS

• Energy Efficient Buildings Goals: 10% of total CO2 reductions will be achieved through construction and renovation
projects
• Expected savings of 2 million Euros/year in energy savings from municipal buildings
• The Adelgade cooling plant takes cold seawater from canals and pumps it through pipes to cool homes. Every degree
Celsius saved by using this system saves 15% on electricity
• Heating will come from biomass fuel and geothermal systems
 SUSTAINABILTY AND AWARENESS

• After switching from a collective water bill shared by

apartment buildings to individual water meters, water
consumption fell by 26%.
• Moving forward: Through citizens’ daily efforts, Copenhagen
will achieve 4% of its CO2 reduction goal.
• Copenhagen will establish new educational institutions, such
as its new virtual climate science center, which will motivate
Copenhageners to participate in sustainable practices.
• In September 2013, the United Nations Environmental
Programme and the Technical University of Denmark created
the Copenhagen Centre on Energy Efficiency that culminates
the efforts of government, private, and public entities.
• This is a governance managerial approach propelled by the
United Nations Secretary General’s Sustainable Energy for All
(SE4ALL) initiative.
• Copenhagen falls in line with this global initiative, rising as a
leader in sustainability.
 INTEGRATING CLIMATE INTO ENERGY SUPPLY

• By 2020, 50% of electricity will be supplied by wind power - Citizens can buy shares in turbines to make yearly profits
• Plan to implement 100 wind turbines by 2025
• Biomass will replace 40% of traditional coal at Amager power station
• Hearing with geothermal energy will increase 6-fold at Margretheholm facility
 WATER
Copenhagen has taken measures to modernize its sewage system and wastewater treatment plants, which has reduced urban
flooding, reintroduced biodiversity, saved energy, and created space for recreation
• Instead of draining wastewater into the harbor, it is stored in rainwater reservoirs until there is adequate space in the
sewage system
• Excess sludge at sewage plants undergoes a conversion process to be used as energy and heat. – This process fuels 77% of
energy consumption of the treatment plants, and surplus can be used to heat nearby homes.
• Careful cooperation with neighboring coastal cities prevents overexploitation of freshwater resources.
 ADAPTIVE URBAN PLANNING

• Convex streets to redirect excess or storm water to the harbor

• Planting trees along roads to mitigate flooding to decrease impervious land area
• Establish new bicycle lanes to encourage cycling
• Since 2010, regulations require all newly-constructed buildings to incorporate green roofs.
• These roofs not only prevent the artificial aspects of metal and bricks in major cities, but they also help absorb particle
pollution and they are connected to the water supply with rainwater catchment systems absorbing 80 % of the abundant
rainfall.
 CONCLUSION

• Copenhagen has based its resilience on a dynamic economy and a green and inclusive urban
environment for its inhabitants.
• The two building blocks of this strategy are green “future-proof” infrastructure and an inclusive
social fabric.
• This has materialized through comprehensive urban planning.
• Renovated and newly built neighborhoods are thought through to reach economic, social and
environmental objectives.
• This means that urban areas mix shops, working spaces, housing and green areas, which reduces
the exposure of each neighborhood and its inhabitants to localized shocks.
THANK YOU