Experiment-1

Aim: Design and Simulate 5G Microstrip Antenna

Software Required: HFSS

Theory

The upgrade in the worldwide network requires immediate transformations in the devices to be
compatible with the new network. The entire communication system has to be reconfigured without
which the new network becomes redundant. However, the expeditious evolution would bring changes
in the antennas. Thus, the necessity of designing an antenna working in 5G communication range has to
be appreciated

Microstrip patch antennas are one of the most sought antennas in this regard. Due to their small size
and ease of fabrication, microstrip antennas are preferred across most of the communication industries
wherever low profile can be adapted. By most found adaptations in smartphones, their ability of
miniaturization of the entire circuit is a major advantage.

Micro strip antenna consists of a very thin metallic strip placed on a ground plane with a di-electric
material in-between. The radiating element and feed lines are placed by the process of photo-etching on
the di-electric material. Usually, the patch or micro-strip is chosen to be square, circular or rectangular
in shape for the ease of analysis and fabrication.

Specifications of Antenna:

Substrate: Rogers RT Duroid 5880

Substrate dielectric: 2.2

Substrate height: 0.5 mm

Frequency: 28 GHz (5G Frequency)

Length and width of patch:…………….

Length and width of substrate:……….

Screenshot:
 XY Plot 2 HFSSDesign1
0.00 Curve Info
dB(S(1,1))
-2.50 Setup1 : Sw eep

-5.00

-7.50
dB(S(1,1))

-10.00

-12.50

-15.00

-17.50

-20.00
25.00 26.00 27.00 28.00 29.00 30.00
Freq [GHz]
 Radiation Pattern 1 HFSSDesign1
0 Curve Info

-30 30 dB(GainTotal)
Setup1 : LastAdaptive
5.00 Freq='28GHz' Phi='0deg'

0.00
-60 60
-5.00

-10.00

-90 90

-120 120

-150 150
-180

Result: We have successfully designed and simulated 5G Microstrip patch antenna

 Experiment-2

Aim: 5G Communications Link Analysis with Ray Tracing

Software Required: MATLAB

Theory

We can use ray tracing to analyze communication links and coverage areas in an urban environment. It
includes
• Import and visualize 3-D buildings data into Site Viewer
• Define a transmitter site and ray tracing propagation model corresponding to a 5G urban scenario
• Analyze a link in non-line-of-sight conditions
• Visualize coverage using the shooting and bouncing rays (SBR) ray tracing method with different
numbers of reflections, diffractions, and launched rays

Define Transmitter Site

Define a transmitter site to model a small cell scenario in a dense urban environment. The transmitter site
represents a base station that is placed on a pole servicing the surrounding area which includes a
neighboring park. The transmitter uses the default isotropic antenna, and operates at a carrier frequency
of 28 GHz with a power level of 5 W.

View Coverage Map for Line-of-Sight Propagation

Create a ray tracing propagation model using the shooting and bouncing rays (SBR) method. The SBR
propagation model uses ray tracing analysis to compute propagation paths and their corresponding path
losses. Path loss is calculated from free-space loss, reflection and diffraction loss due to interactions with
materials, and antenna polarization loss.

Define Receiver Site in Non-Line-of-Sight Location

Define a receiver site to model a mobile receiver in an obstructed location. Plot the line-of-sight path to
show the obstructed path from the transmitter to the receive

Plot Propagation Path Using Ray Tracing

Adjust the ray tracing propagation model to include single-reflection paths, then plot the rays. The result
shows signal propagation along a single-reflection path. View the corresponding propagation
characteristics, including the received power, phase change, distance, and angles of departure and
arrival, by clicking on the plotted path.

Matlab code

viewer = siteviewer("Buildings","canary.osm","Basemap","topographic");

tx = txsite("Name","Small cell transmitter", "Latitude",51.5054581, "Longitude",-0.0200490,

"AntennaHeight",10, "TransmitterPower",20, "TransmitterFrequency",28e9);

show(tx)

rtpm = propagationModel("raytracing", "Method","sbr", "MaxNumReflections",0,

"BuildingsMaterial","perfect-reflector", "TerrainMaterial","perfect-reflector");
coverage(tx,rtpm, "SignalStrengths",-120:-5, "MaxRange",250, "Resolution",3, "Transparency",0.6)

rx = rxsite("Name","Small cell receiver", "Latitude",51.5044579, "Longitude",-0.0171370,

"AntennaHeight",1);

los(tx,rx)

rtpm.MaxNumReflections = 1;

clearMap(viewer)

raytrace(tx,rx,rtpm)

%Compute the received power.%

ss = sigstrength(rx,tx,rtpm);

disp("Received power using perfect reflection: " + ss + " dBm")

%Update the model to use concrete for the buildings and terrain materials%

rtpm.BuildingsMaterial = "concrete";

rtpm.TerrainMaterial = "concrete";

raytrace(tx,rx,rtpm)

ss = sigstrength(rx,tx,rtpm);

disp("Received power using concrete materials: " + ss + " dBm")

Screenshots:
Result: We have successfully performed the analysis of 5G communication link using ray tracing
 Experiment-3

Aim: 5G Waveform Generation

Software Required: MATLAB

Theory:

The nrWaveformGenerator function provides a programmatic interface to configure the waveform using
a configuration object. Instead of specifying all parameters manually, which is time consuming, you can
configure the waveform in the 5G Waveform Generator app and export this configuration to a MATLAB
script. We can run this MATLAB script to generate the configured 5G waveform.
Create a default downlink waveform configuration object. The waveconfig object contains the full
waveform specification and is fully configurable.

MATLAB code:

waveconfig = nrDLCarrierConfig
[waveform,waveformInfo] = nrWaveformGenerator(waveconfig);
%Plot spectrogram of waveform for first antenna port
samplerate = waveformInfo.ResourceGrids(1).Info.SampleRate;
nfft = waveformInfo.ResourceGrids(1).Info.Nfft;
figure;
spectrogram(waveform(:,1),ones(nfft,1),0,nfft,'centered',samplerate,'yaxis','MinThres
hold',-130);
title('Spectrogram of 5G Downlink Baseband Waveform');

waveconfig.PDSCH{1}.PRBSet = 0:10;
[waveform,waveformInfo] = nrWaveformGenerator(waveconfig);

% Plot spectrogram of waveform for first antenna port

samplerate = waveformInfo.ResourceGrids(1).Info.SampleRate;
nfft = waveformInfo.ResourceGrids(1).Info.Nfft;
figure;
spectrogram(waveform(:,1),ones(nfft,1),0,nfft,'centered',samplerate,'yaxis','MinThres
hold',-130);
title('Spectrogram of 5G Downlink Baseband Waveform');
Result: The spectrogram of 5G waveform is successfully generated