MECH 105B: FLUID MECHANICS

Unit IV:
Relative Equilibrium
• Shaira Camille M. Santos
• Instructor 1
• [email protected]

COLLEGE
COLLEGEOF
OFARTS & SCIENCES
ENGINEERING Department
Department of Agricultural andof LanguagesEngineering
Biosystems & Literature
Rectilinear Acceleration
Moving Vessel
Horizontal Motion:
a
Moving Vessel
Horizontal Motion:
a

θ
Moving Vessel
Horizontal Motion:
a

θ
Moving Vessel
Horizontal Motion:
a

W
Moving Vessel
Horizontal Motion:
a

W
REF
θ
Moving Vessel
Horizontal Motion:
a

W
REF
θ
N θ
Moving Vessel
Horizontal Motion:
a

W
REF
θ
N θ

N θ W

ma
Moving Vessel
Horizontal Motion:
a tangent θ =
.

W
REF
θ
N θ

N θ W

ma
Moving Vessel
Horizontal Motion:
a tangent θ = ��
.

W
REF
θ
N θ

N θ W

ma
Moving Vessel
Horizontal Motion: ��
a tangent θ =
��
�
.

W ������� � =
REF �
θ
N θ

N θ W

ma
Moving Vessel
Inclined Motion: a

β
Moving Vessel
Inclined Motion: a

β
Moving Vessel
Inclined Motion: a

W
F
RE
β
θ
Nθ

θ
N W
ma

β
Moving Vessel
Inclined Motion: a

W
F
RE
β
θ
Nθ

θ
N W
ma
���
���

β
Moving Vessel
Inclined Motion: a ��ℎ
tangent θ =
�� + ���
��
.

������� � =
W � ± ��
F
RE
β

Nθ
θ
Note: use (+) sign for
upward motion and (-) sign
for downward motion
θ
N W
ma
���
���

β
Moving Vessel
Vertical Motion:
Moving Vessel
Vertical Motion:
Moving Vessel
Vertical Motion:
a

h
A
Moving Vessel
Vertical Motion:
a

REF
W
h
A
F
Moving Vessel
Vertical Motion: � = � + ���
a �� = �� + ��
�� = �� + ���
REF �
�� = ��ℎ + �ℎ�
W �
h �
A � = �ℎ + ℎ�
�
F
�
� = �ℎ(1 ± )
�
Note: use (+) sign for upward motion and (-) sign for
downward motion. Also note that a is positive for
acceleration and negative for deceleration.
Problem 1

An open tank 3 m long, 1.8 m wide and 1.5 m high contains

water to a depth of 1.2 m. It is moving parallel to a pair of
longest sides. Determine the following:
a) maximum acceleration withour spilling any liquid
b) the unbalanced force causing the acceleration in part (1)
c) the volume of water spilled if accelerated at 3�/�2
d) the volume of water retained when accelerated at 5.4 �/�2 .
Open vessel a
Open vessel a
NO volume spill!

L
Open vessel a
NO volume spill!

�
�
�
�

L
Open vessel a
NO volume spill!

�
�
�
�

L
Open vessel a
Volume spill!

�
�
�
�

L
Open vessel a
Volume spill!

�
�
�
�

L
Open vessel a
YES volume spill!

�
�
�
�

L
 Problem 1

a) maximum acceleration withour spilling any liquid

0.3

1.2

3
 Problem 1

a) maximum acceleration withour spilling any liquid

NO Volume spill!

0.3 0.3

1.2 1.2
a

3
 Problem 1

a) maximum acceleration withour spilling any liquid

NO Volume spill!

0.3 0.3 1.5

θ

1.5
1.2 1.2
a

3
 Problem 1

a) maximum acceleration withour spilling any liquid

NO Volume spill!

0.3 0.3 1.5

θ

1.5
1.2 1.2
a

�
��� � =
�
 Problem 1

a) maximum acceleration withour spilling any liquid

NO Volume spill!

0.3 0.3 1.5

θ

1.5
1.2 1.2
a

� 0.3 �
��� � = ; = ; �=
� 1.5 9.81
 Problem 1

a) maximum acceleration withour spilling any liquid

NO Volume spill!

0.3 0.3 1.5

θ

1.5
1.2 1.2
a

� 0.3 �
��� � = ; = ; � = �. ��� � �
� 1.5 9.81 �
 Problem 1

b) the unbalanced force causing the acceleration in part (1)

NO Volume spill!

0.3 0.3 1.5

θ

1.5
1.2 1.2
F

3
 Problem 1

b) the unbalanced force causing the acceleration in part (1)

NO Volume spill!

0.3 0.3 1.5

θ

1.5
1.2 1.2
F

3
� = ��
 Problem 1

b) the unbalanced force causing the acceleration in part (1)

NO Volume spill!

0.3 0.3 1.5

θ

1.5
1.2 1.2
F

3
� = �� = ���
 Problem 1

b) the unbalanced force causing the acceleration in part (1)

NO Volume spill!

0.3 0.3 1.5

θ

1.5
1.2 1.2
F

3
� = �� = ���
� = 1000[(3)(1.2)(1.8)(1.962)]
 Problem 1

b) the unbalanced force causing the acceleration in part (1)

NO Volume spill!

0.3 0.3 1.5

θ

1.5
1.2 1.2
F

3
� = �� = ���
� = 1000[(3)(1.2)(1.8)(1.962)]
� = ��, ���. �� �
 Problem 1

c) the volume of water spilled if accelerated at 3�/�2

0.3

1.2

3
� 3
��� � = =
� 9.81
� = ��°
 Problem 1

c) the volume of water spilled if accelerated at 3�/�2

0.3

1.2

�
3
� 3
��� � = =
� 9.81
� = ��°
 Problem 1

c) the volume of water spilled if accelerated at 3�/�2

0.3

1.2

�
3
� 3
��� � = = 1.5
� 9.81 ��� � =
� = ��° 3
� = ��. ��°
 Problem 1

c) the volume of water spilled if accelerated at 3�/�2

0.3

1.2

� �
3
� 3
��� � = = 1.5
� 9.81 ��� � =
� = ��° 3
� = ��. ��°
 Problem 1

c) the volume of water spilled if accelerated at 3�/�2

0.3

1.5
1.2
3�/�2
� � = ��. �� �

3 3
� 3
��� � = = 1.5
� 9.81 ��� � =
� = ��° 3
� = ��. ��°
 Problem 1

c) the volume of water spilled if accelerated at 3�/�2

YES Volume spill!
17ᵒ
0.3

y
1.5
1.2
3�/�2
α = ��. �� 17ᵒ

3 3
� 3
��� � = = 1.5
� 9.81 ��� � =
� = ��° 3
� = ��. ��°
 Problem 1

c) the volume of water spilled if accelerated at 3�/�2

YES Volume spill!
17ᵒ
0.3

0.917
1.5
1.2
3�/�2
α = ��. �� 17ᵒ

3 3
� 3
��� � = = 1.5
� 9.81 ��� � =
� = ��° 3
� = ��. ��°

�
��� 17 =
3
� = �. ��� �
 Problem 1

c) the volume of water spilled if accelerated at 3�/�2

YES Volume spill!
17ᵒ
0.3

y
1.5
1.2
3�/�2
α = ��. �� 17ᵒ

3 3
� 3 ������ = ������(������) − ������(�����)
��� � = = 1.5
� 9.81 ��� � =
� = ��° 3 ������ = ����(�����) − ����(������)
� = ��. ��°

�
��� 17 =
3
� = �. ��� �
 Problem 1

c) the volume of water spilled if accelerated at 3�/�2

YES Volume spill!
17ᵒ
0.3

y
1.5
1.2
3�/�2
α = ��. �� 17ᵒ

3 3
� 3
��� � = =
� 9.81 ��� � =
1.5 ������ = ������(������) − ������(�����)
� = ��° 3
� = ��. ��° ������ = ����(�����) − ����(������)
�
� ������ = (�)(�. ���)(�. �) − (�)(�. �)(�. �)
��� 17 =
3 �
� = �. ��� �
������ = �. ��� ��
 Problem 1

d) the volume of water retained if accelerated at 5.4�/�2

0.3

1.2

α = ��. ��

3
 Problem 1

d) the volume of water retained if accelerated at 5.4�/�2

0.3

1.2

α = ��. ��

3
� 5.4
��� � = =
� 9.81
� = ��. ��°
 Problem 1

d) the volume of water retained if accelerated at 5.4�/�2

YES Volume spill!

0.3

1.5
1.2
5.4�/�2
α = ��. �� 28.83ᵒ

3 x
� 5.4
��� � = =
� 9.81
� = ��. ��°
 Problem 1

d) the volume of water retained if accelerated at 5.4�/�2

YES Volume spill!

0.3

1.5
1.2
5.4�/�2
α = ��. �� 28.83ᵒ

3 x
� 5.4
��� � = =
� 9.81
� = ��. ��°

1.5
��� 28.83 =
�
� = �. ��� �
 Problem 1

d) the volume of water retained if accelerated at 5.4�/�2

YES Volume spill!

0.3

1.5
1.2
5.4�/�2
α = ��. �� 28.83ᵒ

3 x
� 5.4 1
��� � = = ��������� = (2.725)(1.5)(1.8)
� 9.81 2
� = ��. ��° ��������� = �. ��� ��

1.5
��� 28.83 =
�
� = �. ��� �
Problem 2

A closed tank 2.4 m long, 1.2 m wide and 1.4 m high contains
water 1.1 m deep. A small hole is located near the center of the
cover. It moves in the direction parallel to the 2.4 m dimension.
a) Determine the acceleration needed so that the water surface
will just touch the bottom of the front wall.
b) Determine the pressure at the bottom of the rear wall.
c) Determine the pressure at the top of the tank
d) Determine the total force acting on the bottom of the tank
Closed vessel(partially full) a
Closed vessel(partially full) a

�
�
�
�

�
Closed vessel(partially full) a

�
�
�
�

�
Closed vessel(partially full) a

�
�
�
�

�
Closed vessel(partially full) a

�
�
�
�

�
 Problem 2 (Open vessel partially full)

a) Determine the acceleration needed so that the water surface

will just touch the bottom of the front wall.

0.3

1.1

2.4
 Problem 2 (Open vessel partially full)

a) Determine the acceleration needed so that the water surface

will just touch the bottom of the front wall.
x
a
�
0.3

1.1

2.4
 Problem 2 (Open vessel partially full)

a) Determine the acceleration needed so that the water surface

will just touch the bottom of the front wall.
x ����(������) = ����(�����)
a
�
0.3

1.1

2.4
 Problem 2 (Open vessel partially full)

a) Determine the acceleration needed so that the water surface

will just touch the bottom of the front wall.
x ����(������) = ����(�����)
a

0.3
� 2.4(0.3)(1.2)=

1.1

2.4
 Problem 2 (Open vessel partially full)

a) Determine the acceleration needed so that the water surface

will just touch the bottom of the front wall.
x ����(������) = ����(�����)
a
1
0.3
�
2.4(0.3)(1.2)= (�)(1.4)(1.2)
2

1.1

2.4
 Problem 2 (Open vessel partially full)

a) Determine the acceleration needed so that the water surface

will just touch the bottom of the front wall.
x ����(������) = ����(�����)
a
1
0.3
�
2.4(0.3)(1.2)= (�)(1.4)(1.2)
2
� = 1.029 �
1.1

2.4
 Problem 2 (Open vessel partially full)

a) Determine the acceleration needed so that the water surface

will just touch the bottom of the front wall.
x ����(������) = ����(�����)
a
1
0.3
�
2.4(0.3)(1.2)= (�)(1.4)(1.2)
2
� = 1.029 �
�
1.1
��� � =
�
�

2.4
 Problem 2 (Open vessel partially full)

a) Determine the acceleration needed so that the water surface

will just touch the bottom of the front wall.
x ����(������) = ����(�����)
a
1
0.3
�
2.4(0.3)(1.2)= (�)(1.4)(1.2)
2
� = 1.029 �
�
1.1
��� � =
�
� 1.4 �
=
2.4 1.029 9.81
 Problem 2 (Open vessel partially full)

a) Determine the acceleration needed so that the water surface

will just touch the bottom of the front wall.
x ����(������) = ����(�����)
a
1
0.3
�
2.4(0.3)(1.2)= (�)(1.4)(1.2)
2
� = 1.029 �
�
1.1
��� � =
�

; � = ��. �� �
� 1.4 �
=
2.4 1.029 9.81 ��
 Problem 2 (Open vessel partially full)

b) Determine the pressure at the bottom of the rear wall

1.029
a
�
0.3

1.1

2.4
 Problem 2 (Open vessel partially full)

y
b) Determine the pressure at the bottom of the rear wall
im
ag
ina
ry

1.029
1.371 � a
�
0.3 ����

1.1

2.4
 Problem 2 (Open vessel partially full)

y
b) Determine the pressure at the bottom of the rear wall
� 1.4
= ; � = 1.865 �
im
ag

1.371 1.029
ina
ry

1.029
1.371 � a
�
0.3 ����

1.1

2.4
 Problem 2 (Open vessel partially full)

y
b) Determine the pressure at the bottom of the rear wall
� 1.4
= ; � = 1.865 �
im
ag

1.371 1.029
ina
ry

1.029
1.371 � a � = �ℎ
�
0.3 ���� �������(����) = 9.81(1.4 + 1.865)
�������(����) = ��. �� ���
1.1

2.4
 Problem 2 (Open vessel partially full)

y
c) Determine the pressure at the top of the tank
� 1.4
= ; � = 1.865 �
im
ag
1.371 1.029
ina

� = �ℎ
ry

1.029
1.371 � a �������(����) = 9.81(1.4 + 1.865)
� �������(����) = ��. �� ���
0.3 ����

���� = ����������
1.1

2.4
 Problem 2 (Open vessel partially full)

y
c) Determine the pressure at the top of the tank
� 1.4
= ; � = 1.865 �
im
ag
1.371 1.029
ina

� = �ℎ
ry

1.029
1.371 � a �������(����) = 9.81(1.4 + 1.865)
� �������(����) = ��. �� ���
0.3 ����

���� = ����������
1
1.1
���� = 9.81[ (1.371)(1.865)(1.2)]
2
�
���� = ��. �� ��
2.4
 Problem 2 (Open vessel partially full)

y
d) Determine the total force acting on the bottom of the tank
im
ag
ina
ry

1.029
1.371 � a
�
0.3

1.1
�������

2.4
 Problem 2 (Open vessel partially full)

y
d) Determine the total force acting on the bottom of the tank
im
ag
ina

������� = ���������
ry

1.029
1.371 � a
�
0.3

1.1
�������

2.4
 Problem 2 (Open vessel partially full)

y
d) Determine the total force acting on the bottom of the tank
im
ag
ina

������� = ���������
ry

1.029
1.371 � a 1
������� = 9.81[ (2.4)(1.4 + 1.865)(1.2)]
� 2
0.3

1.1
�������

2.4
 Problem 2 (Open vessel partially full)

y
d) Determine the total force acting on the bottom of the tank
im
ag
ina

������� = ���������
ry

1.029
1.371 � a 1
������� = 9.81[ (2.4)(1.4 + 1.865)(1.2)]
� 2
0.3
������� = ��. �� ��

1.1
�������

2.4
Closed vessel(full) a
Closed vessel(full) a

�
Problem 3 (Open vessel full)

An open circular cylinder with 2 m of water is acted by an

unbalanced upward force of 20 kN. The volume of water inside
the cylinder is 6.28 �3 .
a) Compute the acceleration of the tank.
b) Compute the pressure at the bottom of the tank.
c) Calculate the force on the bottom of the tank.
Problem 3 (Open vessel full)
An open circular cylinder with 2 m of water is acted by an unbalanced upward force of 20 kN. The volume of
water inside the cylinder is 6.28 �3 .
a) Compute the acceleration of the tank.
20 kN � = ��

2 V= 6.28 �3
Problem 3 (Open vessel full)
An open circular cylinder with 2 m of water is acted by an unbalanced upward force of 20 kN. The volume of
water inside the cylinder is 6.28 �3 .
a) Compute the acceleration of the tank.
20 kN � = ��
20000 = (1000)(6.28)�
� = �. �� � �
�

2 V= 6.28 �3
Problem 3 (Open vessel full)
An open circular cylinder with 2 m of water is acted by an unbalanced upward force of 20 kN. The volume of
water inside the cylinder is 6.28 �3 .
b) Compute the pressure at the bottom of the tank.
20 kN
� = ��
20000 = (1000)(6.28)�
� = 3.18 � 2
�
�
� = �ℎ(1 ± )
�

2 V= 6.28 �3
Problem 3 (Open vessel full)
An open circular cylinder with 2 m of water is acted by an unbalanced upward force of 20 kN. The volume of
water inside the cylinder is 6.28 �3 .
b) Compute the pressure at the bottom of the tank.
20 kN
� = ��
20000 = (1000)(6.28)�
� = 3.18 � 2
�
�
� = �ℎ(1 ± )
�
3.18
������� = 9.81(2)(1 + )
9.81
������� = ��. �� ���
2 V= 6.28 � 3
Problem 3 (Open vessel full)
An open circular cylinder with 2 m of water is acted by an unbalanced upward force of 20 kN. The volume of
water inside the cylinder is 6.28 �3 .
c) Compute the force at the bottom of the tank.
� = ��
20 kN
20000 = (1000)(6.28)�
� = 3.18 � 2
�
�
� = �ℎ(1 ± )
�
3.18
������� = 9.81(2)(1 + )
9.81
������� = 25.98 ���

2 V= 6.28 �3
������� = ������� �������
Problem 3 (Open vessel full)
An open circular cylinder with 2 m of water is acted by an unbalanced upward force of 20 kN. The volume of
water inside the cylinder is 6.28 �3 .
c) Compute the force at the bottom of the tank.
� = ��
20 kN
20000 = (1000)(6.28)�
� = 3.18 � 2
�
�
� = �ℎ(1 ± )
�
3.18
������� = 9.81(2)(1 + )
9.81
������� = 25.98 ���

2 V= 6.28 �3
������� = ������� �������
6.28
������� = 25.98( )
2
������� = ��. �� ��
Get in Touch
With Us
Send us a message or
visit us
City of Batac, Ilocos Norte,
Philippines
(63) 77-600-0459
[email protected]

Follow us for updates

facebook.com/MMSUofficial
www.mmsu.edu.ph