THE ADVENTURES OF GIL BLAS OF

SANTILLANE

By

Alain-René Lesage

Translated from the French

By
Tobias Smollett

Published by the Ex-classics Project, 2009

http://www.exclassics.com
Public Domain

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CONTENTS

Bibliographic Note and Acknowlegdements .................................................................9

The Author's Declaration. ............................................................................................10
Gil Blas to the Reader. .................................................................................................11
Introduction by Wm. Morton Fullerton. ......................................................................12
HISTORY OF GIL BLAS OF SANTILLANE.
BOOK THE FIRST.
CH. I. -- The birth and education of Gil Blas. .............................................................22
CH. II -- Gil Blas' alarm on his road to Pegnaflor; his adventures on his arrival in that
town; and the character of the men with whom he supped..........................................24
CH III. -- The muleteer's temptation on the road; its consequences, and the situation of
Gil Blas between Scylla and Charybdis.......................................................................29
CH IV. -- Description of the subterraneous dwelling and its contents. .......................31
CH V. -- The arrival of the banditti in the subterraneous retreat, with an account of
their pleasant conversation...........................................................................................33
CH VI. -- The attempt of Gil Blas to escape, and its success. .....................................37
CH VII. -- Gil Blas, not being able to do what he likes, does what he can. ................39
CH VIII. -- Gil Blas goes out with the gang, and performs an exploit on the
highway.......................................................................................................................40
CH. IX. -- A more serious incident..............................................................................42
CH. X. -- The lady's treatment from the robbers. The event of the great design,
conceived by Gil Blas. .................................................................................................44
CH. XI -- The history of Donna Mencia de Mosquera. ...............................................47
CH. XII. -- A disagreeable interruption. ......................................................................51
CH. XIII. -- The lucky means by which Gil Blas escaped from prison, and his travels
afterwards.....................................................................................................................53
CH. XIV. -- Donna Mencia's reception of him at Burgos. ..........................................55
CH. XV. -- Gil Blas dresses himself to more advantage, and receives a second present
from the lady. His equipage on setting out from Burgos. ............................................57
CH. XVI. -- Showing that prosperity will slip through a man's fingers. .....................60
CH. XVII. -- The measures Gil Blas took after the adventure of the ready-furnished
lodging. ........................................................................................................................64
BOOK THE SECOND.
CH. I. -- Fabricio introduces Gil Blas to the Licentiate Sédillo, and procures him a
reception. The domestic economy of that clergyman. Picture of his housekeeper......69

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CH. II. -- The canon's illness; his treatment; the consequence; the legacy to
Gil Blas. .......................................................................................................................73
CH. III. -- Gil Blas enters into Doctor Sangrado's service, and becomes a famous
practitioner. ..................................................................................................................76
CH. IV. -- Gil Blas goes on practising physic with equal success and ability.
Adventure of the recovered ring. .................................................................................80
CH. V. -- Sequel of the foregoing adventure. Gil Blas retires from practice, and from
the neighbourhood of Valladolid. ................................................................................85
CH. VI. -- His route from Valladolid, with a description of his fellow-traveller. .......89
CH. VII. -- The journeyman barber's story. .................................................................91
CH. VIII. -- The meeting of Gil Blas and his companion with a man soaking crusts of
bread at a spring, and the particulars of their conversation. ......................................103
CH. IX. -- The meeting of Diego with his family; their circumstances in life; great
rejoicings on the occasion; the parting scene between him and Gil Blas. .................105
BOOK THE THIRD
CH. I. -- The arrival of Gil Blas at Madrid. His first place there...............................108
CH. II. -- The astonishment of Gil Blas at meeting Captain Rolando in Madrid, and
that robber's curious narrative....................................................................................112
CH. III -- Gil Blas is dismissed by Don Bernard de Castil Blazo, and enters into the
service of a beau.........................................................................................................115
CH. IV. -- Gil Blas gets into company with his fellows; they shew him a ready road to
the reputation of wit, and impose on him a singular oath..........................................120
CH. V. -- Gil Blas becomes the darling of the fair sex, and makes an interesting
acquaintance...............................................................................................................124
CH. VI. -- The Prince's company of comedians. .......................................................129
CH. VII. -- History of Don Pompeyo de Castro. .......................................................132
CH. VIII. -- An accident, in consequence of which Gil Blas was obliged to look out
for another place. .......................................................................................................136
CH. IX. -- A new service, after the death of Don Matthias de Silva. ........................139
CH. X. -- Much such another as the foregoing. .........................................................141
CH. XI. -- A theatrical life and an author's life..........................................................144
CH. XII. -- Gil Blas acquires a relish for the theatre, and takes a full swing of its
pleasures, but soon becomes disgusted......................................................................147
BOOK THE FOURTH
CH. I. -- Gil Blas not being able to reconcile himself to the morals of the actresses,
quits Arsenia, and gets into a more reputable service................................................149
CH. II. -- Aurora's reception of Gil Blas. Their conversation. ..................................152
CH. III. -- A great change at Don Vincent's. Aurora's strange resolution. ................154
CH. IV. -- The Fatal Marriage; a Novel.....................................................................157

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CH. V. -- The behaviour of Aurora de Guzman on her arrival at Salamanca. ..........173

CH. VI. -- Aurora's devices to secure Don Lewis Pacheco's affections. ...................178
CH. VII -- Gil Blas leaves his place and goes into the service of Don Gonzales
Pacheco. .....................................................................................................................184
CH. VIII. -- The Marchioness of Chaves: her character, and that of her company. ..191
CH. IX. -- An incident that parted Gil Blas and the Marchioness of Chaves. The
subsequent destination of the former. ........................................................................194
CH. X. -- The history of Don Alphonso and the fair Seraphina. ...............................197
CH. XI. -- The old hermit turns out an extraordinary genius, and Gil Blas finds
himself among his former acquaintance. ...................................................................205
BOOK THE FIFTH.
CH. I. -- History of Don Raphael...............................................................................208
CH. II -- Don Raphael's consultation with his company, and their adventures as they
were preparing to leave the wood. .............................................................................249
BOOK THE SIXTH.
CH. I. -- The fate of Gil Blas and his Companions after they took leave of the Count
de Polan. One of Ambrose's notable contrivances set off by the manner of its
execution. ...................................................................................................................252
CH. II -- The determination of Don Alphonso and Gil Blas after this adventure......258
CH. III. -- An unfortunate occurrence, which terminated to the high delight of Don
Alphonso. Gil Blas meets with an adventure which places him all at once in a very
superior situation........................................................................................................260
BOOK THE SEVENTH.
CH. I. -- The tender attachment between Gil Blas and Dame Lorenza Sephora. ......262
CH. II. -- What happened to Gil Blas after his retreat from the castle of Leyva;
shewing that those who are crossed in love are not always the most miserable of
mankind......................................................................................................................268
CH. III. -- Gil Blas becomes the Archbishop's favourite, and the channel of all his
favours........................................................................................................................272
CH. IV. -- The Archbishop is afflicted with a stroke of apoplexy. How Gil Blas gets
into a dilemma, and how he gets out..........................................................................276
CH. V. -- The course which Gil Blas took after the archbishop had given him his
dismissal. His accidental meeting with the licentiate who was so deeply in his debt,
and a picture of gratitude in the person of a parson...................................................279
CH. VI. -- Gil Blas goes to the play at Grenada. His surprise at seeing one of the
actresses, and what happened thereupon. ..................................................................282
CH. VII. -- Laura's Story............................................................................................286
CH. VIII. -- The reception of Gil Blas among the players at Grenada; and another old
acquaintance picked up in the green- room. ..............................................................295

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CH. IX. -- An extraordinary companion at supper; and an account of their

conversation. ..............................................................................................................297
CH. X. -- The Marquis de Marialva gives a commission to Gil Blas. That faithful
secretary acquits himself of it as shall be related.......................................................299
CH. XI. -- A thunderbolt to Gil Blas. ........................................................................301
CH. XII. -- Gil Blas takes lodgings in a ready-furnished house. He gets acquainted
with Captain Chinchilla. That officer's character and business at Madrid. ...............303
CH. XIII. -- Gil Blas comes across his dear friend Fabricio at court. Great ecstacy on
both sides. They adjourn together, and compare notes; but their conversation is too
curious to be anticipated. ...........................................................................................308
CH. XIV. -- Fabricio finds a situation for Gil Blas in the establishment of Count
Galiano, a Sicilian nobleman. ....................................................................................314
CH. XV. -- The employment of Gil Blas in Don Galiano's household. ....................317
CH. XVI. -- An accident happens to the Count de Galiano's monkey; his lordship's
affliction on that occasion. The illness of Gil Blas, and its consequences. ...............321
BOOK THE EIGHTH
CH. I. -- Gil Blas scrapes an acquaintance of some value, and finds wherewithal to
make him amends for the Count de Galiano's ingratitude. Don Valerio de Luna's
story............................................................................................................................326
CH. II. -- Gil Blas is introduced to the Duke of Lerma, who admits him among the
number of his secretaries, and requires a specimen of his talents, with which he is well
satisfied. .....................................................................................................................330
CH. III. -- All is not gold that glitters. Some uneasiness resulting from the discovery
of that principle in philosophy, and its practical application to existing circumstances.
....................................................................................................................................333
CH. IV. -- Gil Blas becomes a favourite with the Duke of Lerma, and the confidant of
an important secret.....................................................................................................336
CH. V. -- The joys, the honours, and the miseries of a court life, in the person of Gil
Blas. ...........................................................................................................................338
CH. VI. -- Gil Blas gives the Duke of Lerma a hint of his wretched condition. That
minister deals with him accordingly. .........................................................................341
CH. VII. -- A good use made of the fifteen hundred ducats. A first introduction to the
trade of office, and an account of the profit accruing therefrom. ..............................344
CH. VIII. -- History of Don Roger de Rada. .............................................................346
CH. IX. -- Gil Blas makes a large fortune in a short time, and behaves like other
wealthy upstarts. ........................................................................................................351
CH. X. -- The morals of Gil Blas become at court much as if they had never been at
all. A commission from the Count de Lemos, which, like most court commissions,
implies an intrigue......................................................................................................355
CH. XI. -- The Prince of Spain's secret visit, and presents to Catalina. ....................359

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CH. XII. -- Catalina's real condition a worry and alarm to Gil Blas. His precautions
for his own ease and quiet..........................................................................................361
CH. XIII. -- Gil Blas goes on personating the great man. He hears news of his family:
a touch of nature on the occasion. A grand quarrel with Fabricio. ............................363
BOOK THE NINTH
CH. I. -- Scipio's scheme of marriage for Gil Blas. The match, a rich goldsmith's
daughter. Circumstances connected with this speculation.........................................366
CH. II. -- In the progress of political vacancies, Gil Blas recollects that there is such a
man in the world as Don Alphonso de Leyva; and renders him a service from motives
of vanity. ....................................................................................................................369
CH. III. -- Preparations for the marriage of Gil Blas. A spoke in the wheel of Hymen.
....................................................................................................................................371
CH. IV. -- The treatment of Gil Blas in the tower of Segovia. The cause of his
imprisonment. ............................................................................................................372
CH. V. -- His reflections before he went to sleep that night, and the noise that waked
him. ............................................................................................................................374
CH. VI -- History of Don Gaston de Cogollos and Donna Helena de Galisteo. .......376
CH. VII. -- Scipio finds Gil Blas out in the tower of Segovia, and brings him a budget
of news. ......................................................................................................................384
CH. VIII. -- Scipio's first journey to Madrid: its object and success. Gil Blas falls sick.
The consequence of his illness...................................................................................386
CH. IX. -- Scipio's second journey to Madrid. Gil Blas is set at liberty on certain
conditions. Their departure from the tower of Segovia, and conversation on their
journey. ......................................................................................................................389
CH. X. -- Their doings at Madrid. The rencounter of Gil Blas in the street, and its
consequences..............................................................................................................391
BOOK THE TENTH.
CH. I. -- Gil Blas sets out for the Asturias; and passes through Valladolid, where he
goes to see his old master, Doctor Sangrado. By accident, he comes across Signor
Manuel Ordonnez, governor of the hospital. .............................................................393
CH. II. -- Gil Blas continues his journey, and arrives in safety at Oviedo. The
condition of his family. His father's death, and its consequences..............................398
CH. III. -- Gil Blas sets out for Valencia, and arrives at Lirias; description of his
seat; the particulars of his reception, and the characters of the inhabitants he found
there............................................................................................................................403
CH. IV. -- A journey to Valencia, and a visit to the lords of Leyva. The conversation
of the gentlemen, and Seraphina's demeanour...........................................................407
CH. V. -- Gil Blas goes to the play, and sees a new tragedy. The success of the piece.
The public taste at Valencia.......................................................................................410
CH. VI. -- Gil Blas, walking about the streets of Valencia, meets with a man of
sanctity, whose pious face he has seen somewhere else. What sort of man this man of
sanctity turns out to be. ..............................................................................................413

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CH. VII. -- Gil Blas returns to his seat at Lirias. Scipio's agreeable intelligence, and a
reform in the domestic arrangements.........................................................................417
CH. VIII. -- The loves of Gil Blas and the fair Antonia. ...........................................419
CH. IX. -- Nuptials of Gil Blas with the fair Antonia; the style and manner of the
ceremony; the persons assisting thereat; and the festivities ensuing there upon. ......423
CH. X. -- The honey-moon (a very dull time for the reader as a third person)
enlivened by the commencement of Scipio's story. ...................................................427
CH. XI. -- Continuation of Scipio's story. .................................................................440
CH. XII. -- Conclusion of Scipio's story....................................................................447
BOOK THE ELEVENTH
CH. I. -- Containing the subject of the greatest joy that Gil Blas ever felt, followed up,
as our greatest pleasures too generally are, by the most melancholy event of his life.
Great changes at court, producing, among other important revolutions, the return of
Santillane....................................................................................................................458
CH. II. -- Gil Blas arrives in Madrid, and makes his appearance at court: the king is
blessed with a better memory than most of his courtiers, and recommends him to the
notice of his prime minister. Consequences of that recommendation. ......................461
CH. III. -- The project of retirement is prevented, and Joseph Navarro brought upon
the stage again, by an act of signal service. ...............................................................465
CH. IV. -- Gil Blas ingratiates himself with the Count of Olivarez. .........................467
CH. V. -- The private conversation of Gil Blas with Navarro, and his first employment
in the service of the Count d'Olivarez........................................................................469
CH. VI. The application of the three hundred pistoles, and Scipio's commission
connected with them. Success of the state paper mentioned in the last chapter........473
CH. VII. -- Gil Blas meets with his friend Fabricio once more; the accident, place, and
circumstances described; with the particulars of their conversation together. ..........476
CH. VIII. -- Gil Blas gets forward progressively in his master's affections. Scipio's
return to Madrid, and account of his journey.............................................................479
CH. IX.. -- How my lord duke married his only daughter, and to whom: with the bitter
consequences of that marriage. ..................................................................................481
CH. X. -- Gil Blas meets with the poet Nunez by accident, and learns that he has
written a tragedy, which is on the point of being brought out at the theatre royal. The
ill fortune of the piece, and the good fortune of its author. .......................................483
CH. XI. -- Santillane gives Scipio a situation: the latter sets out for New Spain. .....486
CH. XII. -- Don Alphonso de Leyva comes to Madrid; the motive of his journey a
severe affliction to Gil Blas, and a cause of rejoicing subsequent thereon................488
CH. XIII. -- Gil Blas meets Don Gaston de Cogollos and Don Andrew de Tordesillas
at the drawing-room, and adjourns with them to a more convenient place. The story of
Don Gaston and Donna Helena de Galisteo concluded. Santillane renders some
service to Tordesillas. ................................................................................................490
CH. XIV. -- Santillane's visit to the poet Nunez, the company and conversation. ....494

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BOOK THE TWELFTH.

CH. I. -- Gil Blas sent to Toledo by the minister. The purpose of his journey and its
success........................................................................................................................496
CH. II. -- Santillane makes his report to the minister, who commissions him to send
for Lucretia. The first appearance of that actress before the court. ...........................500
CH. III. -- Lucretia's popularity; her appearance before the king; his passion, and its
consequences..............................................................................................................501
CH. IV. -- Santillane in a new office. ........................................................................504
CH. V. -- The son of the Genoese is acknowledged by a legal instrument, and named
Don Henry Philip de Guzman. Santillane establishes his household, and arranges the
course of his studies. ..................................................................................................506
CH. VI. -- Scipio's return from New Spain. Gil Blas places him about Don Henry's
person. That young nobleman's course of study. His career of honour, and his father's
matrimonial speculation on his behalf. A patent of nobility conferred on Gil Blas
against his will. ..........................................................................................................508
CH. VII. -- An accidental meeting between Gil Blas and Fabricio. Their last
conversation together, and a word to the wise from Nunez.......................................510
CH.. VIII. -- Gil Blas finds that Fabricio's hint was not without foundation. The king's
journey to Saragossa. .................................................................................................512
CH. IX. -- The revolution of Portugal, and disgrace of the prime minister...............514
CH. X. -- A difficult, but successful, weaning from the world. The minister's
employments in his retreat. ........................................................................................516
CH. XI. -- A change in his lordship for the worse. The marvellous cause, and
melancholy consequences, of his dejection. ..............................................................518
CH. XII. -- The proceedings at the Castle of Loeches after his lordship's death, and the
course which Santillane adopted................................................................................520
CH. XIII. -- The return of Gil Blas to his seat. His joy at finding his god-daughter
Seraphina marriageable; and his own second venture in the lottery of love. ............522
CH. XIV. -- A double marriage, and the conclusion of the history. ..........................524

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Bibliographic Note and Acknowlegdements

The text of this version is taken from The Adventures of Gil Blas by A.R.
LeSage, Translated from the French by Tobias Smollett with an introduction by
William Morton Fullerton, George Routledge & Sons. 1913 We wish to acknowledge
the courtesy and helpfulness of Ms. Sally Sweet of ITPS and Ms Marion Mainwaring,
biographer and literary executor of W. M. Fullerton, in clearing copyright for this
publication.

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The Author's Declaration.

THERE are some people in the world so mischievous as not to read a work
without applying the vicious or ridiculous characters it may happen to contain to
eminent or popular individuals. I protest publicly against the pretended discovery of
any such likenesses. My purpose was to represent human life historically as it exists:
God forbid I should holdmyself out as a portrait-painter. Let not the reader then take
to himself public property; for if he does, he may chance to throw an unlucky light on
his own character: as Phaedrus expresses it, Stulte nudabit animi conscientiam.
Certain physicians of Castille, as well as of France, are sometimes a little too
fond of trying the bleeding and lowering system on their patients. Vices, their patrons,
and their dupes, are of every day's occurrence, To be sure, I have not always adopted
Spanish manners with scrupulous exactness; and in the instance of the players at
Madrid, those who know their disorderly modes of living may reproach me with
softening down their coarser traits: but this I have been induced to do from a sense of
delicacy, and in conformity with the manners of my own country.

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Gil Blas to the Reader.

READER! hark you, my friend! Do not begin the story of my life till I have
told you a short tale. Two students travelled together from Penafiel to Salamanca.
Finding themselves tired and thirsty, they stopped by the side of a spring on the road.
While they were resting there, after having quenched their thirst, by chance they
espied on a stone near them, even with the ground, part of an inscription, in some
degree effaced by time, and by the tread of flocks in the habit of watering at that
spring. Having washed the stone, they were able to trace these words in the dialect of
Castille; Aqui esta encerrada el alma del licenciado Pedro Garcias. "Here lies interred
the soul of the licentiate Peter Garcias."
Hey-day! roars out the younger, a lively, heedless fellow, who could not get
on with his deciphering for laughter: This is a good joke indeed: "Here lies interred
the soul." . . . . A soul interred! . . . . I should like to know the whimsical author of this
ludicrous epitaph. With this sneer he got up to go away. His companion, who had
more sense, said within himself: Underneath this stone lies some mystery; I will stay,
and see the end of it. Accordingly, he let his comrade depart, and without loss of time
began digging round about the stone with his knife till he got it up. Under it he found
a purse of leather, containing an hundred ducats with a card on which was written
these words in Latin: "Whoever thou art who hast wit enough to discover the meaning
of the inscription, I appoint thee my heir, in the hope thou wilt make a better use of
my fortune than I have done!" The student, out of his wits at the discovery, replaced
the stone in its former position, and set out again on the Salamanca road with the soul
of the licentiate in his pocket.
Now, my good friend and reader, no matter who you are, you must be like one
or the other of these two students. If you cast your eye over my adventures without
fixing it on the moral concealed under them, you will derive very little benefit from
the perusal: but if you read with attention you will find that mixture of the useful with
the agreeable, so successfully prescribed by Horace.

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Introduction by Wm. Morton Fullerton.

WALTER SCOTT, who craved the beatitude -- the word is his own -- that
would attend the perusal of another book as entrancing as Gil Blas, was on the side of
the untutored public which knows nothing of technical classifications or of M.
Brunetière's theory of the "evolution des genres." Lesage's great book, though
scarcely answering to the exact technical definition of a picaresque novel -- the
biography of a picaro or rogue -- belongs, nevertheless, by its external form, to the
picaresque type of fiction; and Scott would certainly have admitted that its
picaresqueness was very good of its kind; that it was in fact as picaresque as could be
expected of a Frenchman who was conspicuously an "honnête homme" and who
signed himself "bourgeois de Paris." But In all likelihood he would have instantly
added that it was not the "picaresqueness" of Gil Blas which has given that production
its fame; and that, if Lesage's masterpiece has lived so long, and if it lives to-day with
such a fresh and abundant life, this constant appeal has been made in spite of its
resemblance to the Spanish picaresque prototype. The application of the scientific
method to literary criticism during the last generation has steadily tended to define
works of art as "documents" of their epoch, and at the same time to classify them
according to their structural variations rather than to accept them wholly as sources of
human pleasure. The novel of Lesage for the purposes of classification, may be
viewed as a picaresque novel, and it is interesting and legitimate to note that it is no
doubt the best of its kind; yet there is equally little doubt that thousands of readers
who do not know what the word "picaresque" means have for several generations
regarded Gil Blas as simply the best of all novels, and that their reasons have been
based on qualities quite independent of the mould into which it happened to be run.
This is, in fact, the truth which these brief remarks are meant to set forth. In order to
become a classic, and in order to hold its own among the books of the world, Gil Blas
has had to live down its picaresqueness. The book has survived, and become one of
the great books, notwithstanding the characteristics which seemed destined to confine
it to the museum of antique literary forms.

I
Walter Scott's recognition of the supreme delightfulness of Gil Blas has not
been general among the critics; indeed, the sense of its intrinsic value as a definition
of life must rather be placed to the credit of the uncritical public. Voltaire, referring to
Lesage in his "Siècle de Louis XIV," limits his praise to the remark : "His novel Gil
Blas has survived because of the naturalness of the style." The curtness and
inadequacy of this remark are probably due rather to the fact that Voltaire did not see
beyond the superficial traits of this novel, its general picaresque atmosphere, than, as
has so often been asserted, to any malicious intent to decry a book in which he
supposed himself to have been held up to ridicule. [The traditional view is, however,
plausible enough, as Mr. James Fitzmaurice-Kelly has shown in his introduction to
the edition of Gil Blas published in the "World's Classics." There can be no doubt as
to Lesage having ridiculed Voltaire in two of his plays.] Joubert, whose delicacy was
a hothouse fruit grown in the thin subsoil and the devitalised air in which he was
compelled to live, corroborates Voltaire, while revealing his own prejudices --after
all, is not the main interest of criticism the light it throws upon the critic? -- in a
characteristic utterance : "Lesage's novels would appear to have been written in a café
by a domino-player, after spending the evening at the play." Evidently this is a long

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way from the "beatitude" of Walter Scott, but it is nearer the point of view of Mr.
Warner Allen, who, while he notes in his remarkable General Introduction to his
edition of Celestine in the Picaresque Section of the "Library of Early Novelists," to
which this volume belongs, that Gil Blas "has a conscience," is ingeniously effective
in arguing that the spirit of Gil Blas is essentially picaresque -- by which he means
that realism and materialism are so predominantly its note that it must be classed well
below "Don Quixote," where the heterogeneous picaresque material is beautifully
fused by the 1magination of an idealist. "It is just because Lesage ignores the
idealistic side of man," Mr. Allen says, "that Gil Blas misses being a great creation."
On the other hand, La Harpe, who had read many books, but was no doubt the very
opposite of a scientific critic of literature, praises Gil Blas not merely, as did Scott, for
its entertainment, its agrément, but also for its moral inspiration; utile dulci, he insists,
ought to be the device of this excellent book, forgetting that Lesage has himself
written the precept of Horace on its title-page. "C'est l'école du monde que Gil Blas,"
La Harpe continues; and he remarks with singular felicity that Lesage in Gil Blas "has
not fallen into that gratuitous profusion of minute detail which is nowadays taken to
be truth." This comment suggests the probability that the reproach addressed to
Lesage as to his lack of idealism is one that La Harpe would be disinclined to accept;
and that they who make it have other standards for judging a work of art than those of
the public to whom it is addressed, or indeed than those of the artist himself,
especially such an artist as Lesage, who in his "Declaration" to the reader says
expressly: "My sole aim has been to represent life as it is" : "Je ne me suis proposé
que de représenter la vie des hommes telle qu'elle est."
Certain of Lesage's predecessors had already declared it to be their aim to
write books which should be a wholesome reaction against the romanticism of the
tales of chivalry that had so long delighted the taste of Europe. The sub-title of
Alemán's famous novel, Guzmán de Alfarache, was Atalaya de la Vida which
Chapelain translated by "Image" or "Miroir de la Vie Humaine." And long before
Lesage, the author of L'Histoire Comique de Francion used almost the identical terms
of Alemán and Lesage in announcing his tale "Nous avons dessein de voir une image
de la vie humaine, de sorte qu'il nous en faut montrer ici diverses pièces." Francion,
less picaresque than the hero of Alemán, was undoubtedly what he has been called by
one of Lesage's biographers, M. Lintilhac, a direct precursor of Gil Blas; and there
can be no question as to the importance of the influence exercised upon Lesage by
Charles Sorel's admirable performance. But, however easily even a little erudition can
discover possible prototypes of Gil Blas in the late sixteenth and early seventeenth
century literature of both France and Spain -- however picaresque, in a word, Gil Blas
may be, and whatever else it may be -- its picaresqueness was obviously, for Lesage,
not an end in itself, but merely a device for carrying out his main project, which was
"the representation of life"; and the meaning he put into those words was
incomparably richer than was their connotation on the lips of an Alemán or even a
Sorel. Lesage found ready to his hand one of the most convenient literary forms tint
the novel ever assumed for the achievement of the end he had in view. That end was
to hold a mirror up to Nature, and to the whole of Nature.
This ambitious project has haunted most observers who have essayed the
novel form. It was obviously the end and aim of the author of Anna Karenina. But
such is the complexity of human relations, such the variety of the kinds of human
plights, such the swift passage of events, such are the endless differences and the
fleeting character of the situations presented to the artistic consciousness at any
moment of time, that only the most self-confident craftsman would be tempted, in his

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sane mind, to undertake their complete representation. The mirror in which a writer
would seek to converge and to foreshorten the vast spectacle of things must needs be
an all-but unmanageable revolving mirror of gigantic dimensions, unless some way he
found of dispensing with such machinery altogether. Tolstoi made no attempt to
achieve an artistic synthesis of life as a whole. He was content to map life out on a
sort of Mercator's projection. Balzac despaired altogether of success, and confined
himself to "doing" the multitudinous phases of human activity piecemeal. Lesage, on
the other hand, hit on the happy idea of using the picaro type, the picaresque tradition
in the novel, to facilitate his project. And what device, in fact, could be neater and
more rapid? Certainly not the invention of Zola. The author of the series of the
Rougon-Macquart set himself the task of describing the whole of French society at the
end of the last century. He believed himself to have improved on Balzac's method by
conceiving of a family-tree, with branches sufficiently wide- spreading to illustrate
every kind of activity of which French men or French women were capable in his
time. The unity of his result was to be secured by postulating a family, the sum of the
several lives of whose members should be coterminous with the Conscious existence
of all their essential French fellow-types at a certain historical period. The plan was
ingenious but artificially ingenuous.
Lesage, writing at the opening of the eighteenth century, had, it is true, the
luck to be free to employ -- or, in fact, to have thrust upon him by the literary taste of
his time -- a simpler trick for the representation of life, The literary air was full of
picaresque odours. But, while Lesage came after Sorel and Alemán, and a score of
other same story-tellers eager to temper the bombast of the hour by the saving salt of
realism, the living models that surrounded him were quite as suggestive as any he
might have been led to imitate in the books of his predecessors. Lintilhac, Cherbuliez,
Brunetière, have dwelt in detail on this fact. What need had Lesage of a Guzmán or a
Francion, when before his very eyes were such conspicuous models for the study of
the valet parvenu as the Cardinals Dubois and Alberoni? And why go farther afield
than the memoirs of the famous Gourville, which appeared in 1673, if one really feels
impelled at all costs to account for the origin of Gil Blas, and to answer the futile
question, "Where did Lesage get his idea?" That kind of inquiry explains everything
except the essential. Homer and Shakespeare, Walter Scott and Corneille, have been
put to the same torture as Lesage; and in the folds of their royal robes whole colonies
of industrious parasitic moths are still furiously and often enviously at work. There is
a "Lesage question" as there is an "Homeric question." But of this the public recks
little. It sanely holds the view of M. de Maurepas, who wittily defined an author as
"un homme qui prend aux livres tout ce qui lui passe par la tête." The public rightly
judges the work of art by the criterion of pleasure which it is capable of giving. By
that standard Gil Blas was long ago classed among the delightful books of the world.
How many of its beauties are plagiarisms, or whether any of them are, are inquiries
which the wise are content to leave to the mandarins of literature. [While the oft-
reported story of the pillage by Lesage of a lost Spanish manuscript is a myth, it is
incontestable that in the last books of Gil Blas he embodied long passages from a
French translation of two Italian pamphlets on The Disgrace of Count Olivares, and
from a book published in 1683 at Cologne entitled, Le Ministre Parfait ou le Comte-
Duc. It is easy to prove also that Lesage had read Lazarilla de Tormes and a great
many Spanish tales and plays; but, as M. Lintilhac says, so had Corneille, yet the Cid
remains the Cid.]

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 GIL BLAS

II
The representation of life, then, is the avowed object of Lesage. Gil Blas is a
microcosm. One might apply to Lesage the words of Balzac in allusion to the
Comedie Humaine : "J'aurai porté une société toute entière dans ma tête." Gil Blas is a
picture, singularly vivid and comprehensive, of the society of France at the close of
the reign of Louis XIV and at the beginning of the Regency. Lesage, like St. Simon,
sought to reflect the life of his time; but he is greater than St. Simon because of the
larger general interest and significance of his literary form. Lesage was a gentleman,
serenely, gaily taking notes on the world that surrounded him; but, as it pleased him to
publish all his notes in his own lifetime, he adopted the novel form and the device of a
Spanish atmosphere. Happily the society that surrounded Lesage in the Paris of the
end of the seventeenth and the beginning of the eighteenth centuries was sufficiently
complex and representative for an exhaustive picture of that world to assume a typical
value.
Gil Blas is an encyclopadia of human types. No other single book contains so
rich a collection of specimens of the genus homo. The success with which Lesage has
introduced into Gil Blas virtually every form of human character, all sorts and
conditions of men, is one of the miracles of literary art. The purely traditional picaro
types, the vagabond and the beggar, the unscrupulous highwayman and the cut-throat,
have, after all, comparatively small importance in the great comedy of life which
Lesage depicts. These picaro types move in and out of the vast throng peopling his
pages much as their counterparts in the flesh, the Apaches of the Marais quarter,
jostled on the Pont Neuf the honest workman, the country bumpkin, the banker
Turcaret, the bourgeois merchant, the strutting soldier, the barefoot monk, the daintily
stepping petits maîtres, the authors and the actors, the ministers and the high officials,
the servants and the adventurers, the priests, and the précieuses peering from their
vinaigrettes. From the brigand cave that sheltered the jail-bird to the drawing-room of
the Marquise de Chaves, from the boudoir of the enticing Laure to the cabinet of the
Duke of Olivares, we visit every haunt of human activity and every social condition,
conversing on the way with comedians, doctors, poets, lawyers, statesmen, valets,
judges of the Inquisition, shopkeepers, courtesans, archbishops, and countless other
actors of the Human Comedy. The final impression is that we have been in contact
with the whole of life and with life as a whole. In this connexion it is pertinent to
quote the verdict of Nodier in the "Notice" prefixed to the famous and now rare
edition of Gil Blas containing the woodcuts of Jean Gigoux (Paris 1835) : "Comme il
avait embrassé tout ce qui appartient à l'homme dans sa composition, il osa se
prescrire d'embrasser toute la langue dans son travail." In other words, the
grammarian and the lexicographer have in Gil Blas what Nodier is justified in calling
"un monument de la langue."
We have witnessed the amusing spectacle arm-in-arm with Gil Blas de
Santillane, a puppet of circumstance, but the most good- natured of companions. No
youth of sprightlier wit, of keener observation, or of more unfailing good humour was
ever born of mortal man or immortal writer. Gil Blas is too agreeable a fellow for us
to dream of parting company with him merely because of his escapades. Moreover, no
one was ever long in his company without discovering that the firstfruit of his innate
gift of observation is a habit of reflection gradually conducting him to the point of
view of the great American pragmatist. For Gil Blas, as for Franklin, whatever else
honesty may be, it is at all events the best policy. His ambition "to get on," to succeed,
is not the ambition of a Julien Sorel. He is not ready and willing to succeed at any
price. He would not say cynically with Marie- Caroline of Naples :"je vois trop que la

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force seule compte et que la bonne foi ne sert qu'a être dupe." (Letter to the Marquis
de Gallo, July 2, 1800.) In the case of Gil Blas, the habit of reflection has engendered
a conscience. As he grows older in experience, the practical promptings of that
conscience tend to arrest many an impulse to indulge his petty vices and to reinforce
the virtues which he is prudent enough to regard as useful. His efforts to better his lot,
while they bring to the fore his harmless vanity, and often indeed a certain less
agreeable snobbishness, are after all to his credit. He is the first to laugh at his own
mistakes, as he is the first to learn the lesson of his blunders. Here is a characteristic
utterance of his:
"I let myself go with the current for three weeks. I gave myself up to every
form of voluptuous pleasure. But I will say at the same time that in the midst of it all a
sense of remorse often mingled bitterness with my delight. Debauch did not stifle this
remorse; my remorse increased, on the contrary, in proportion as I became more and
more of a debauchee; and, as a result of my fortunately honest nature, the disorder of
the theatrical life began to strike me with horror. Ah, wretch that you are, I said to
myself, is it thus that you are fulfilling the expectations of your family? Is it
impossible, merely because you are a servant, to be an honest man? Do you really find
it worth while to live with such a vicious crew? Envy, anger and avarice dominate
some of them; modesty is unknown to others. Some have given themselves up to
intemperance and idleness, while in others pride has become insolence. Enough of
this! I will dwell no longer with the seven deadly sins."
From all that we know of Lesage himself, as well as from a comparison of Gil
Blas with the author's other Works, it seems legitimate to conclude that the good
humour of his most famous hero is merely the expression of his own philosophic
gaiety, at all events of his own disabused placidity, his bourgeois moderation and
practical sense, his bias toward taking things easily. Life, when viewed at the angle
adopted by Lesage, is an endless series of comic situations of a highly diverting and
edifying character. Many of its conventions, which are nurtured on hypocrisy and
snobbery, form a constant object of his good- humoured raillery, just as they form the
subject-matter of the comic verve of his great master, Molière. Both have the most
refreshing sense of values and an unimpeachable intellectual honesty.
The most comic incidents of the tale are the series of rebuffs experienced by
Lesage's naive hero before he finally reaches the point where discretion becomes
second nature. With what touching and respectful candour does Gil Blas fall a prey to
the pretensions and foibles of the great! Note the art with which Lesage, juxtaposing
his hero with, for instance, an Archbishop of Granada, shows the vain prelate so
enamoured of his own productions as to suffer no honest criticism from even the most
disinterested of his acolytes. First cajoled by flattery, then infuriated by the naive
frankness of Gil Blas, whose opinion he had solicited, he shows the rash youth the
door; and Gil Blas returns once again to his life of adventure. It is his rich fund of
good sense that saves him here as throughout his career, and that keeps his judgment
sane and his heart true amid all the eccentricities and affectations and passing
passions, and even the temptations, which surround and beset him during his
checkered years. This jolly easy-going boon companion is a long time learning to be
canny, but he is never really a fool. He comes out ultimately the poorer for the loss of
a good many illusions, but profoundly convinced that straightforwardness in human
relations is as desirable a good as simplicity in art. Watch him with his friend Fabrice,
turned writer à la mode, after having been the astute lackey who early in life defined
with such cold-blooded cynicism the ideals of a servant:

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 GIL BLAS

"le métier de laquais est impossible, je l'avoue, pour un imbecile; mais il a des
charmes pour un garçon d'esprit. Un génie supérieur qui se met en condition ne fait
pas son service matériellement comme un nigaud. Il entre dans une maison pour
commander plutôt que pour servir. Il commence par étudier son maître, il se prête à
ses défauts, gagne sa confiance et le mène ensuite par le nez."
Fabrice, seized by "la rage d'écrire," as Gil Blas calls it, and convinced that he
has in him the stuff of a great writer, ignores the sage advice of his employer who has
warned him that poetry is not all beer and skittles, and comes up to Madrid, the centre
of "les beaux esprits," "in order to form his taste." He falls under the influence of one
of the leaders in a log-rolling literary set, and so adroitly imitates the fashion of the
hour that he is regarded as one of the cleverest writers of the younger generation. He
and Gil Blas meet, after many years, over a bottle of wine; and Fabrice reads to his
friend a sonnet which Gil Blas finds absurdly obscure. "A poet capable of producing
such rubbish as that," he says, "can deceive only his time"; and he adds, "your sonnet
is merely pompous nonsense." The tortured, involved, affected style disgusts Gil Blas
as such a style always disgusted Lesage, whose one ambition was to be an "écrivain
naturel qui parle comme le commun des hommes," and who detested "le langage
précieux" which the great ladies and certain wits of his time took to be the mark of
genius and a password for immortality. Fabrice becomes angry. "Tu n'es qu'une bête
avec ton style naturel," he exclaims; and he maliciously reminds Gil Blas of what
befell him with the Archbishop of Granada. The allusion makes the two old friends
laugh, and they finish the evening over a third bottle.
Yes, Gil Blas, who is a kind of joyous jack-of-all trades, capable, as Fabrice
on another occasion puts it, of fulfilling all kinds of employment, since he possesses
"l'outil universel," is interesting and sympathetic quite as much because of his sound
sense and ready wit as because of his amusing adventures. But this good sense and
this wit, it should be remembered, are the fruits of his experience. Gil Blas's character
is slowly formed by life under the reader's eye. Successively the dupe of the habits
and the manners, the prejudices and the ideals of each social condition which he
traverses in his advance towards the stable equilibrium of middle age, he is too
intelligent ever to remain dazzled by his surroundings for more than a brief period.
You constantly hear him, after each fresh round with Fate, saying in his natural
French way: "ça n'est pas ça; there must be some thing better than that in store for
me!" Even the seduction of life at Court ceases eventually to charm him; and one of
his most poignant regrets is the fact that he had forgotten under that corrupting
influence his father and mother and the old canon, his uncle. He does his best later on
to make amends for this neglect. On his way to his country place at Lirias he is
suddenly filled with remorse, and he turns aside towards Oviedo, where his parents
live. His own dream now is to watch over their last years; and he looks forward, on
arriving home, to inscribing in gold letters on the door of his father's house the Latin
verses:
"Inveni portum. Spes et Fortuna, valete! Sat me lusistis; ludite nunc alios!"
Alas! it is almost too late, for he arrives just in time to bury his father. He had
previously entered the country inn, where he had been recognised by the inn keeper
with lively joy. "By Saint Anthony of Padua," his host had exclaimed, "here is the son
of the good Blas de Santillane"; and his wife had chimed in with, "Why, yes, so it is.
Oh, I recognise him. He is hardly changed. It's that wide-awake little Gil Blas who
had more intelligence than inches. I can still see him dropping in here for a bottle of
wine for his uncle's supper." Gil Blas has changed, nevertheless. Fabrice is too keen
not to perceive it some time afterwards when Gil Blas visits him at the hospital.

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Fabrice remarks upon his modest bearing and observes: "You haven't the vain and
insolent air that prosperity is wont to give." Gil Blas explains the reason why: "Les
disgraces ont purifié ma virtu; et j'ai appris a l'école de l'adversité à jouir des richesses
sans m'en laisser posséder." He is now and then to be a backslider still, but we know
that he has learned the essential lesson of life. Really, as the Italians say, "il tempo è
galantuomo."

III
The rapidity of the narrative enhances the effect of optimism which is so
inspiriting throughout the whole book. The transitions from the episodes of bad luck
to those of good fortune take place, as Smollett has already pointed out, so suddenly
that the reader positively has no time to pity Gil Blas. He is speedily inspired with a
firm confidence in Lesage's ingenuity, which somehow manages to extricate his hero
from every possible embarrassment. Lesage's point of view, as an observer of life, is
thus quickly revealed to be a lively sense of life's chronic succession of ups and
downs, and of the merely relative importance of its plights. When Gil Blas loses his
place with Count Galiano, he remarks:
"I began to lose courage when I found myself back again in so miserable a
case. I had grown accustomed to the conveniences of existence, and I could no longer,
as before, regard indigence with cynicism. Yet I will confess I was wrong to indulge
in sadness after having so many times discovered that no sooner had Fortune upset me
than it put me on my feet again."
Lesage accepts the stoical ideal of patience in adversity, but he does not accept
it in the stoical way. His philosophy is the Christian belief in a Providence upon
whom sane mortals may serenely rely. Providence, he knows, can be counted upon to
hold the balance true on that Day of Judgment, when all human things will be set
right, and when there will be a startling reversal of human verdicts. Convinced, like
Bishop Butler, that things will be as they will be, his experience of life has taught him
that the best philosophy is to bide one's me, all one's antennae out For Lesage the
logical result of having been frequently a fool is to cease being dupe.
It would be possible and amusing to draw a parallel in this connection between
the philosophy of Lesage and that of an even more successful French playwright of
the present day, M. Alfred Capus -- who has not yet, however, written a Gil Blas --
and to contrast the manner of the two with that of Beyle in his characterisation of
Julien Sorel, Gil Blas is too often, if you like, a genial rascal, as are so many of M.
Capus's heroes, but he is never an odiously cynical one like his servant Scipion, and
like Julien. While Lesage could say with Philinte, discreetly blaming the vices of
mankind:
"Je prends tout doucement les hommes comme ils sont, J'accoutume mon âme
à soufirir ce qu'ils font . . . Oui, je vois ces défauts dont votre âme murmure Comme
vices unis à l'humaine nature, Et mon esprit enfin n'est pas plus offensé De voir un
homme fourbe, injuste, intéressé, Que de voir des vautours affamés de carnage, Des
singes malfaisants et des loups pleins de rage,"
Beyle did not confine himself to "accustoming his soul to suffer" the
enormities that men commit, but positively created in Julien Sorel an unscrupulous
professor of energy whom he would appear to have regarded as an excellent model.
Lesage, on the other hand, must be looked upon as a moralist; a moralist indulgent, no
doubt -- such indulgence was the finest flower of his inexhaustible knowledge of life -
-yet a moralist in the same sense in which Shakespeare and Molière are moralists.
Moreover, Lesage has no cynical Blas forcing him to confine the subject-matter of his

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 GIL BLAS

novel to such naturalistic notations as were the stock-in-trade of the Goncourts and, to
a large extent, of Zola. He had notably no such bias, either "cynical" or "moral," as
has wittingly altered the reports of so many British observers of life, who have
regarded the pursuit of literature as a mission, to be accepted with a high and
strenuous purpose, for the improvement of their fellows. Thus, even a Thackeray
wrote first and foremost for edification. In a recently published letter to his friend
Robert Hall, Thackeray refers as follows to Vanity Fair:
"I want to leave everybody dissatisfied and unhappy at the end of the story --
we ought all to be with our own and all other stories. Good God! don't I see (in that
maybe cracked and warped looking-glass in which I am always looking) my own
weaknesses, wickednesses, lusts, follies, shortcomings? in company, let us hope, with
better qualities about which we will pretermit discourse. We must lift up our voices
about these and howl to a congregation of fools: so much, at least, has been my
endeavour." (The Times, July 17, 1911.)
The idea of "howling to a congregation of fools" would have struck Lesage as
a counsel of impertinent illbreeding, or, at all events, as a grotesque attitude for a self-
respecting novelist. Of course, Thackeray was in the tradition of a literature which
counts among its chief masterpieces the Pilgrim's Progress; but if the Puritan point of
view is good sociology and good Tolstoism, it is not necessarily for that reason good
art; and it would even seem to make "good art" a more difficult achievement. In the
great book just mentioned there is no laugh of Tom Jones to clear the air. Thackeray
would have seemed, indeed, in Vanity Fair to have been more of an artist than his
pamphleteering preoccupations appeared likely to allow him to become. He himself
states his object in that book to have been to indicate in cheerful terms that we are for
the most part an abominably foolish and selfish people. Incorrigible misanthropist, he
sets out to draw up a savage indictment of the society of his time. He is cheerful, as
cheerful as he knows how to be; but, as he has resolved to give no one in his book a
chance, his cheerfulness fails to produce all its intended effect. Finally, one and all,
even Amelia, are branded because foredoomed. But what is the result? Gibbeted for
an example, they inspire more pity than horror; and not only does all our sympathy go
out to them against the despotic heartlessness of the author, who so unfairly nailed
them to the cross, but we fail even to draw the whole of the useful general moral
which Thackeray holds to be essential. Thus Thackeray upsets even his own ends;
anxious, by the confessed clarion-toned morality of his appeal, to produce the effect
aimed at by a prophet in Israel, he nevertheless inspires in his reader a quick and sane
recoil before the arbitrary injustice, or, at all events, the incredibility of the author's
misanthropy. In literary art, in fact, the only way to convey the illusion of reality is to
tell the average truth about the average man. Lesage, like the Tolstoi of the good
period, had the tact and good sense to perceive this. He does not make the unscientific
and inartistic blunder of humiliating his heroes. Like a Balzac or a Tolstoi or a Henry
James, he gives them their full value, takes them for all they are worth. The pretension
that naturalism, because superficially true to a certain aspect of life, is realism in the
complete sense of the word, is a view which Lesage in Gil Blas triumphantly
repudiates; and he differs from many playwrights of contemporary France, who
appear to be so enamoured of caddishness as to regard its manifestations as pre-
eminently worthy of presentation in the novel or on the stage. One of the ablest of
Lesage's commentators has called him the Homer of naturalism; no neater phrase
could be found to define his importance and his manner.
Nor is it the fault of Lesage if his immediate influence upon the literature of
his time was perhaps not wholly what he would himself have wished it to be. It is a

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 ALAIN-RENÉ LESAGE

commonplace to note that Lesage helped to prepare in France that eighteenth century
with which he was in so many respects out of sympathy. There was a whole side of
Lesage that was out of touch with the modern world surrounding him. M. Faguet
seems to me absolutely right as to this point. The spirit, the attitude of Lesage are
seventeenth- century -- for, after all, the seventeenth century was realist while so
eminently moralist; he believes in the superiority of the clear old form of expression;
he abominates an affected style; he prefers natural utterance that everybody can
understand to individual experiments in ingenious phraseology. Moreover, while not
at all the conscious moralist, he is a moralist all the same; he has a certain generalising
habit, the liking for large vistas, harmonious inclusive ranges of thought; his thought-
scapes have the perfection and the proportions of a garden by Le Nôtre. But it is
nevertheless certain that the immense success of Lesage as a realist, the fact that he
made realism look so easy, constituted a terrible incentive to imitation; and that, as a
matter of fact, his example was just one of those which no writer could afford to
follow who had not his marvellous good sense and his mental and moral poise.
Without such moral balance and such good sense the would-be realist is almost
certain to become addicted to the grosser forms of naturalism, to exercise, that is, his
faculty of clear vision on special salient and picturesque, even salacious and perverse
cases, rather than upon the types of the average world with which average men are
familiar. Thus there can be no doubt that Lesage's unconcern for positive edification,
his indifference to matters of conscience, was a trait of the eighteenth century, and a
trait for which he may to a certain extent be held responsible. It was inevitable that he
should find imitators, and that, in this sense, he may be said to open the way to a
Crébillon fils and a Laclos, even to a Louvet, for whom he would have refused to be
responsible, and to prepare an eighteenth century with which there is every reason to
suppose he would have become utterly out of sympathy, not merely as a man, but as
an artist in letters.

IV
It remains to consider Gil Blas as a work of literary art. In style it is one of the
most perfect examples of narrative prose in the world, comparable for limpidity, ease,
and precision, with that of Cervantes in Don Quixote. With regard to its composition,
it is noticeable that the novel begins at the same pitch of calm lucidity which is to
characterise it to the end. The reader feels that the promise of the author in his
"Declaration," "I have merely undertaken to represent life as it is," is likely to be kept.
Lesage speaks with authority. The artists who inspire confidence with their very first
stroke are not numerous. They belong to the aristocracy of the masters. What do such
certainty and distinction imply? They mean that the product is the fruit of a mature
intelligence; that the artist, be he sculptor, writer, or painter, has not undertaken to
express until his mind is, as we say, thoroughly made up as to the nature of its
content, nor until he is serenely master of the means at his disposal; that, in a word, he
knows his business. In the case of Lesage it is peculiarly significant that, when he
published the first part of Gil Blas in 1715, he was already forty-seven years of age;
that the second part did not appear until 1724, nine years later; and that he was already
an old gentleman with a family of boys, one of whom had entered the Church, when
he ended his lifework, by the publication of the third part, in 1735. Gil Blas, in short,
is the product of the maturity of one of the keenest observers that ever looked out
upon the spectacle of things. The broad good-humoured gaiety of the earlier book,
which vibrates with a picaresque lilt, is shaded gradually down, in the second volume,
into a finer, serener, more intellectual irony. This change betrays the natural evolution

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 GIL BLAS

in the author's interests and curiosities during the period reaching from his forty-
seventh to his sixty-seventh year. The gaiety of the six books of the first part is to be
contrasted with the soberer, more reflective spirit of the tale as it proceeds. We seem
to be suiting our pace to the increasingly graver temper of a man whose knowledge of
life has become richer, his insight keener, his heart more tolerant and generous. With
the steady elimination of the picaresque element the novel becomes more and more an
inclusive criticism of life. The author seems to be brooding over his pages with a
tenderer care, as if he were more and more conscious of the significance, the
magnificence even, of his task.
It is one of the results of this long gestation that Gil Blas has become a book of
world-wide popularity. In the history of letters it has been an inexhaustible source of
energy. It inspired the realistic novel. From Smollett and Marivaux to Dickens and
Zola, and even to an Anatole France and to a Pio Baroja, Lesage has been the avowed
or unavowed model of those writers who have been passionately enamoured of life,
and irrepressibly compelled to express it. The influence of Lesage on the author, for
instance, of Le Rouge et le Noir and of La Chartreuse de Parme -- perhaps particularly
on the Stendhal of the Chartreuse de Parme -- seems incontestable. In August 1804,
Beyle, writing to his sister Pauline, recommends her to read Gil Blas in order to learn
to know the world, and cites the famous anecdote of the Archbishop of Granada's
sermons. In April 1805, he promises to bring her the book. In another undated letter to
his sister, Beyle writes: "the most accurate picture of human nature as it is, in the
France of the eighteenth century, is still the book of Lesage, Gil Blas. Meditate well
this excellent work." And finally, in his Journal, under the date of "10 Floréal, an xiii,
1805," Beyle notes his intention to cure himself of romanticism, and to learn to judge
men as they are, by re-reading a certain number of books, among which he mentions
Beaumarchais, the tales and La Pucelle of Voltaire, Chamfort, and Gil Blas. That is to
say, at the most impressionable period of his intellectual life Beyle read and re- read
Gil Blas; a fact which a discerning critic might easily guess, as to the truth of which,
indeed, such a critic would feel an absolute conviction, and which the documents cited
appear to leave beyond a doubt It would perhaps be an exaggeration to pretend that
but for Gil Blas, Beyle would not have been Stendhal; but I may be permitted to quote
the following passage from a private letter of M. Paul Arbelet, the editor of Stendhal's
Journal d'Italie.
"Votre hypothèse me parait très séduisante. Il y a sans aucun doute quelque
parenté intellectuelle entre Lesage et Stendhal, tous deux curieux d'observation
morale, tous deux juges sans illusions des faiblesses humaines, mais point
misanthropes, car ils s'indignent peu des vices ou des ridicules, qui les amusent plutôt
ou les intéressent. D'ailleurs l'un et l'autre manquent d'imagination et de poésie. Je
comprends donc très bien que vous ayez eu l'idée d'une influence de Lesage sur
Stendhal."
Furthermore, while Lesage is all this, the fountain-head of a great literary
current, he is at the same time, as a moralist, in the sanest Latin and French tradition,
that which is marked, in successive epochs, by the serene temper of a Horace, by the
gay science, the pantagruelism of a Rabelais, by the irony of a Beaumarchais, who "se
hâta de rire de tout, de peur d'être obligé d'en pleurer," and finally by the tranquil
mansuetude of a Renan: observers, one and all, who, after having told the towers of
all the citadels of science, became amusedly aware that the only really absolute truth
in the world is that all things are relative.

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 ALAIN-RENÉ LESAGE

HISTORY OF GIL BLAS OF SANTILLANE.

BOOK THE FIRST.

CH. I. -- The birth and education of Gil Blas.
MY father, Blas of Santillane, after having borne arms for a long time in the
Spanish service, retired to his native place. There he married a chamber-maid who
was not exactly in her teens, and I made my debut on this stage ten months after
marriage. They afterwards went to live at Oviedo, where my mother got into service,
and my father obtained a situation equally adapted to his capacities as a squire. As
their wages were their fortune, I might have got my education as I could, had it not
been for an uncle of mine in the town, a canon, by name Gil Perez. He was my
mother's eldest brother, and my god-father. Figure to yourself a little fellow, three feet
and a half high, as fat as you can conceive, with a head sunk deep between his
shoulders, and you have my uncle to the life. For the rest of his qualities, he was an
ecclesiastic, and of course thought of nothing but good living, I mean in the flesh as
well as in the spirit, with the means of which good living his stall, no lean one,
provided him.
He took me home to his own house from my infancy, and ran the risk of my
bringing up. I struck him as so brisk a lad, that he resolved to cultivate my talents. He
bought me a primer, and undertook my tuition as far as reading went: which was not
amiss for himself as well as for me; since by teaching me my letters he brushed up his
own learning, which had not been pursued in a very scholastic manner; and, by dint of
application, he got at last to read his breviary out of hand, which he had never been
able to do before. He would have been very glad to have taught me Latin, to save
expense, but, alas! poor Gil Perez! he had never skimmed the first principles of it in
the whole course of his life. I should not wonder if he was the most ignorant member
of the chapter, though on a subject involving as many possibilities as there were
canons, I presume not to pledge myself for anything like certainty. To be sure, I have
heard it suggested, that he did not gain his preferment altogether by his learning: but
that he owed it exclusively to the gratitude of some good nuns whose discreet factor
he had been, and who had credit enough to procure him the order of priesthood
without the troublesome ceremony of an examination.
He was obliged therefore to place me under the correction of a master, so that
I was sent to Doctor Godinez, who had the reputation of being the most accomplished
pedant of Oviedo. I profited so well under his instructions, that by the end of five or
six years I could read a Greek author or two, and had no very inadequate conception
of the Latin poets. Besides my classical studies, I applied to logic, which enabled me
to become an expert arguer. I now fell in love with discussions of all kinds to such an
excess, that I stopped his Majesty's subjects on the high road, acquaintance or
strangers, no matter! and proposed some knotty point of controversy. Sometimes I fell
in with a clan of Irish, and an altercation never comes amiss to them! That was your
time, if you are fond of a battle. Such gestures! such grimaces! such contortions! Our
eyes sparkling, and our mouths foaming! Those who did not take us for what we
affected to be, philosophers, must have set us down for madmen.
But let that be as it will, I gained the reputation of no small learning in the
town. My uncle was delighted, because he prudently considered that I should so much

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 GIL BLAS

the sooner cease to be chargeable to him. Come here, Gil Blas, quoth he one day, you
are got to be a fine fellow. You are past seventeen, and. a clever lad; you must bestir
yourself, and get forward in the world. I think of sending you to the university of
Salamanca: with your wit you will easily get a good post. I will give you a few ducats
for your journey, and my mule, which will fetch ten or twelve pistoles at Salamanca,
and with such a sum at setting out, you will be enabled to hold up your head till you
get a situation.
He could not have proposed to me anything more agreeable: for I was dying to
see a little of life. At the same time, I was not such a fool as to betray my satisfaction;
and when it came to the hour of parting, by the sensibility I discovered at taking leave
of my dear uncle, to whom I was so much obliged, and by calling in the stage effect of
grief, I so softened the good soul, that he put his hand deeper into his pocket than he
would have done, could he have pried into all that was passing in the interior of my
hypocritical little heart. Before my departure I took a last leave of my papa and
mamma, who loaded me with an ample inheritance of good advice. They enjoined me
to pray to God for my uncle, to go honestly through the world, not to engage in any
ill, and above all, not to lay my hands on other people's property. After they had
lectured me for a good while, they made me a present of their blessing which was all
my patrimony and all my expectation. As soon as I had received it, I mounted my
mule, and saw the outside of the town.

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 ALAIN-RENÉ LESAGE

CH. II -- Gil Blas' alarm on his road to Pegnaflor; his adventures on his arrival
in that town; and the character of the men with whom he supped.
HERE I am, then, on the other side of Oviedo, in the road to Pegnaflor, with
the world before me, as yet my own master, as well master of a bad mule and forty
good ducats, without reckoning on a little supplementary cash purloined from my
much- honoured uncle. The first thing I did was to let my mule go as the beast liked,
that is to say, very lazily. I dropped the rein, and taking out my ducats, began to count
them backwards and forwards in my hat. I was out of my wits for joy, never having
seen such a sum of money before, and could not help looking at it and sifting it
through my fingers. I had counted it over about the twentieth time, when all at once
my mule, with head raised, and ears pricked up, stood stock still in the middle of the
high road. I thought, to be sure, something was the matter; looked about for a cause,
and perceiving a hat upon the ground, with a rosary of large beads, at the same time
heard a lugubrious voice pronounce these words: Pray, honoured master, have pity on
a poor maimed soldier! Please to throw a few small pieces into this hat; you shall be
rewarded for it in the other world. I looked immediately on the side whence the voice
proceeded, and saw, just by a thicket, twenty or thirty paces from me, a sort of a
soldier, who had mounted the barrel of a confounded long carbine on two cross sticks,
and seemed to be taking aim at me. At a sight which made me tremble for the
patrimony of the Church committed to my care, I stopped short, made sure of my
ducats, and taking out a little small change, as I rode by the hat, placed to receive the
charity of those quiet subjects who had not the courage to refuse it, dropped in my
contribution in detail, to convince the soldier how nobly I dealt by him. He was
satisfied with my liberality, and gave me a blessing for every kick I gave my mule in
my impatience to get out of his way; but the infernal beast, without partaking in the
slightest degree of my impatience, went at the old steady pace. A long custom of
jogging on fair and softly under my uncle's weight had obliterated every idea of that
motion called a gallop.
The prospect of my journey was not much improved by this adventure as a
specimen. I considered within myself that I had yet some distance to Salamanca, and
might, not improbably, meet with something worse. My uncle seemed to have been
very imprudent not to have consigned me to the care of a muleteer. That, to be sure,
was what he ought to have done; but his notion was, that by giving me his mule, my
journey would be cheaper; and that entered more into his calculation than the dangers
in which I might be involved on the road. To retrieve his error, therefore, I resolved, if
I had the good luck to arrive safe at Pegnaflor, to offer my mule for sale, and take the
opportunity of a muleteer going to Astorga, whence I might get to Salamanca by a
similar conveyance. Though I had never been out of Oviedo I was acquainted with the
names of the towns through which I was to pass; a species of information I took care
to procure before my setting out.
I got safe and sound to Pegnaflor, and stopped at the door of a very decent
looking inn. My foot was scarcely out of the stirrup before the landlord was at my
side, overwhelming me with public- house civility. He untied my cloakbag with his
own hands, swung it across his shoulders, and ushered my Honour into a room, while
one of his men led my mule to the stable. This landlord, the most busy prattler of the
Asturias, ready to bother you impertinently about his own concerns, and, at the same
time, with a sufficient portion of curiosity to worm himself into the knowledge of
yours, was not long in telling me that his name was Andrew Corcuelo; that he had

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 GIL BLAS

seen some service as a sergeant in the army, which he had quitted fifteen months ago,
and married a girl of Castropol, who, though a little tawny or so, knew how to make
both ends meet as well as the best of them. He told me a thousand things besides
which he might just as well have kept private. Thinking himself entitled, after this
voluntary confidence, to an equal share of mine, he asked me in a breath, and without
further preface, whence I came, whither I was going, and who I was. To all this I felt
myself bound to answer, article by article, because, though rather abrupt in asking
them, he accompanied each question with so apologetic a bow, beseeching me with so
submissive a grimace not to be offended at his curiosity, that I was drawn in to gratify
it whether I would or no. Thus by degrees did we get into a long conversation, in the
course of which I took occasion to hint that I had some reasons for wishing to get rid
of my mule, and travel under convoy of a muleteer. He seemed on the whole to
approve of my plan, though he could not prevail with himself to tell me so briefly; for
he introduced his remarks by descanting on all the possible and probable mischances
to which travellers are liable on the road, not omitting an awkward story now and
then. I thought the fellow would never have done. But the conclusion of the argument
was, that if I wanted to sell my mule, he knew an honest jockey who would take it off
my hands. I begged he would do me the favour to fetch him, which was no sooner
said than done.
On his return he introduced the purchaser, with a high encomium on his
integrity. We all three went into the yard, and the mule was brought out to show paces
before the jockey, who set himself to examine the beast from head to foot. His report
was bad enough. To be sure, it would not have been easy to make a good one; but if it
had been the pope's mule, and this fellow was to cheapen the bargain, it would have
been just the same: nay, to speak with all due reverence, if he had been asked to give
an opinion of the pope's great toe, from that disparaging habit of his, he would have
pronounced it no better than the toe of any ordinary man. He laid it down, therefore,
as a principle, that the mule had all the defects a mule could have: appealing to the
landlord for a confirmation of his judgment, who, doubtless, had reasons of his own
for not controverting his friend's assertion. Well! says the jockey, with an air of in
difference, What price have you the conscience to ask for this devil of an animal?
After such a panegyric, and master Corcuelo's certificate, whom I was fool enough to
take for a fair-dealing man and a good judge of horse-flesh, they might have had the
mule for nothing. I therefore told the dealer that I threw myself on his mercy: he must
fix his own sum, and I should expect no more. On this he began to affect the
gentleman, and answered that I had found out his weak side when I left it to his
honour. He was right enough in that! his honour was his weak side! for instead of
bidding up to my uncle's estimate of ten or twelve pistoles, the rascal had the
impudence to offer three ducats, which I accepted with as light a heart as if I had got
the best of the bargain.
Having disencumbered myself of my mule in so tradesmanlike a manner, I
went with my landlord to a carrier who was to set out early the next morning for
Astorga, and engaged to call me up in time. When we had settled the hire of the mule,
as well as the expenses on the road, I turned back towards the inn with Corcuelo, who,
as we went along, got into the private history of this muleteer. When I had been
pestered with all the tittle- tattle of the town about this fellow, the changes were just
beginning to ring on some new subject; but, by good luck, a pretty-looking sort of a
man very civilly interrupted my loquacious friend. I left them together, and sauntered
on without the slightest suspicion of being at all concerned in their discourse.

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I ordered supper as soon as I got to the inn. It was a fish day: but I thought
eggs were better suited to my finances. While they were getting ready I joined in
conversation with the landlady, whom I had not seen before. She seemed a pretty
piece of goods enough, and such a stirring body, that I should have concluded, if her
husband had not told me so, her tavern must have plenty of custom. The moment the
omelet was served up I sat down to table by myself, and had scarcely got the relish of
it, when my landlord walked in, followed by the man who had stopped him in the
street. This pleasant gentleman wore a long rapier, and might, perhaps, be about thirty
years of age. He came up to me in the most friendly manner possible. Mr Professor,
says he, I have just now heard that you are the renowned Gil Blas of Santillane, that
ornament of Oviedo and luminary of philosophy. And do my eyes behold that very
greatest of all great scholars and wits, whose reputation has run hither so fast before
him? Little do you think, continues he, directing his discourse to the landlord and
landlady, little do you imagine, I say, what good luck has befallen you. Why, you
have got hold of a treasure. In this young gentleman you behold the eighth wonder of
the world. Then running up and throwing his arms about my neck, Excuse me, added
he; but worlds would not bribe me to suppress the rapturous emotions your honoured
presence has excited.
I could not answer him so glibly as I wished, not so much for want of words as
of breath; for he hugged me so tight that I began to be alarmed for my wind pipe. As
soon, however, as I had got my head out of durance, I replied, Signor cavalier, I had
not the least conception that my name was known at Pegnaflor. Known? resumed he
in the same pompous style; we keep a register of all great persons within a circuit of
twenty leagues round us. You have the character of a prodigy here; and I have not a
shadow of doubt, but one day or other Spain will be as proud of numbering you
among her rare productions, as Greece of having given birth to her seven wise men.
This fine speech was followed as before; and I really began to think that with all my
classical honours I should at last be doomed to share the fate of Antaeus. If I had been
master of ever so little experience, I should not have been the dupe of his
rhodomontade. I must have discovered him by his outrageous compliments, to be one
of those parasites who swarm in every town, and get into a stranger's company on his
arrival, to appease the wolf in their stomachs at his expense; but my youth and vanity
tempted me to draw a quite opposite conclusion. My admirer was very clever in my
eyes, and I asked him to supper on the strength of it. Oh! most willingly, cried be:
with all my heart and soul. My fortunate star predominates, now that I have the
honour of being in company with the illustrious Gil Blas of Santillane, and I shall
certainly make the most of my good fortune as long as it lasts. My appetite is rather
delicate, but I will just sit down with you by way of being sociable, and if I can
swallow a bit! only just not to look sulky; for we philosophers are careless of the
body.
These words were no sooner out of his mouth, than my panegyrist took his
seat opposite to me. A cover was laid for him in due form and order. First he fell on
the omelet with as much perseverance as if he had not tasted food for three whole
days. By the complacency with which he eyed it I was morally certain the poor
pancake was at death's door. I therefore ordered its heir apparent to succeed; and the
business was despatched with such speed, that the second made its appearance on the
table, just as we; -- no: -- I beg pardon; -- just as he had taken the last lick of its
predecessor. He pressed forward the main business, however, with a diligence and
activity proportioned to the importance of the object he had in view: so that he
contrived to load me with panegyric on panegyric, without losing a single stroke in

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the progress of mastication. Now all this gave me no slender conceit of my pretty little
self. When a man eats, he must drink. The first toast of course was my health. The
second, in common civility, was my father and mother, whose happiness in having
such an angel of a son, he could not sufficiently envy or admire. All this while he kept
filling my glass, and challenging me to keep pace with him. It was impossible to be
backward in doing justice to such excellent toasts and sentiments: the compliments
with which they were seasoned did not come amiss; so that I got into such a convivial
mood, at observing our second omelet to disappear not insensibly, as just to ask the
landlord if he could not find us a little bit of fish. Master Corcuelo, who to all
appearance played booty with the parasite, told me he had an excellent trout; but those
who eat him must pay for him. I am afraid he is meat for your masters. Meat for our
masters! exclaims my very humble servant in an angry tone of voice: that is more than
you know, my friend. Are you yet to learn that the best of your larder is not too good
for the renowned Gil Blas of Santillane? Go where he will, he is fit to table with
princes.
I was very glad that he took up the landlord's last expression; because if he had
not, I should. I felt myself a little hurt at it, and said to Corcuelo with some degree of
hauteur: Produce this trout of yours, and I will take the consequences. The landlord,
who had got just what he wanted, set himself to work, and served it up in high order.
At the first glance of this third course I saw such pleasure sparkling in the parasite's
eyes, as proved him to be of a very complying temper; just as ready to do a kindness
by the fish, as by those said eggs of which he had given so good an account. But at
last he was obliged to lay down his arms for fear of accidents; as his magazine was
crammed to the very throat. Having eat and drank his fill, he bethought him of putting
a finishing hand to the farce. Master Gil Blas, said he, as he rose from the table, I am
too well pleased with my princely entertainment to leave you without a word of
advice, of which you seem to stand in much need. From this time forward be on your
guard against extravagant praise. Do not trust men till you know them. You may meet
with many another man, who, like me, may amuse himself at your expense, and
perhaps carry the joke a little further. But do not you be taken in a second time, to
believe yourself; on the word of such fellows, the eighth wonder of the world. With
this sting in the tail of his farewell speech he very coolly took his leave.
I was as much alive to so ridiculous a circumstance, as I have ever been in
after-life to the most severe mortifications. I did not know how to reconcile myself to
the idea of having been so egregiously taken in, or, in fact, to lowering of my pride.
So, so! quoth I, this rascal has been putting his tricks upon travellers, has he? Then he
only wanted to pump my landlord! or more likely they were both in a story. Ah! my
poor Gil Blas, thou hadst better hide thy silly head! To have suffered such knaves as
these to turn thee into ridicule! A pretty story they will make of this! It is sure to
travel back to Oviedo; and will give our friends a hopeful prospect of thy success in
life. The family will be quite delighted to think what a blessed harvest all their pious
advice has produced. There was no occasion to preach up morals to thee; for verily
thou hast more of the dupe than the sharper in thy composition. Ready to tear my eyes
out or bite my fingers off from spite and vexation, I locked myself up in my chamber
and went to bed, but not to sleep; of which I had not got a wink when the muleteer
came to tell me, that he only waited for me to set out on his journey. I got up as
expeditiously as I could; and while I was dressing Corcuelo put in his appearance,
with a little bill in his hand; -- a slight memorandum of the trout! -- But paying
through the nose was not the worst of it; for I had the vexation to perceive, that while
I was counting over the cost, this hang-dog was chuckling at the recollection of the

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night before. Having been fleeced most shamefully for a supper, which stuck in my
stomach though I had scarcely come in for a morsel of it, I joined the muleteer with
my baggage, giving to as many devils as there are saints in the calendar, the parasite,
the landlord, and the inn.

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 GIL BLAS

CH III. -- The muleteer's temptation on the road; its consequences, and the
situation of Gil Blas between Scylla and Charybdis.
I WAS not the only passenger. There were two young gentlemen of Pegnaflor;
a little chorister of Mondognedo, who was travelling about the country, and a young
tradesman of Astorga, returning home from Verco with his new-married wife. We
soon got acquainted, and exchanged the usual confidence of travellers, telling one
another whence we came and whither we were going. The bride was young enough;
but so dark-complexioned, with so little of what a man likes to look at in a woman,
that I did not think her worth the trouble. But she had youth and a good crummy
person on her side, and the muleteer, being rather less nice in his taste, was resolved
to try if he could not get into her good graces. This pretty project occupied his
ingenuity during the whole day; but he deferred the execution till we should get to
Cacabelos, the last place where we were to stop on the road. We alighted at an inn in
the out skirts of the town, a quiet convenient place, with a landlord who never
troubled himself about other people's concerns. We were ushered into a private room,
and got our supper snugly: but just as the cloth was taken away in comes our carrier in
a furious passion: -- Death and the devil! I have been robbed. Here had I a hundred
pistoles in my purse! But I will have them back again. I am going for a magistrate;
and those gentry will not take a joke upon such serious subjects. You will all be put to
the rack, unless you confess, and give back the money. The fellow played his part
very naturally, and burst out of the room, leaving us in a terrible fright.
We had none of us the least suspicion of the trick, and being all strangers,
were afraid of one another. I looked askance at the little chorister, and he, perhaps,
had no better opinion of me. Besides, we were all a pack of greenhorns, and were
quite unacquainted with the routine of business on these occasions. We were fools
enough to believe that the torture would be the very first stage of our examination.
With this dread upon our spirits, we all made for the door. Some effected their escape
into the street, others into the garden: but the whole party preferred the discretion of
running away to the valour of standing their ground. The young tradesman of Astorga
had as great an objection to bone-twisting as the rest of us: so he did as Eneas, and
many another good husband has done before him; -- ran away and left his wife
behind. At that critical moment the muleteer, as I was told afterwards, who had not
half so much sense of decency as his own mules, delighted at the success of his
stratagem, began moving his motives to the citizen's wife: but this Lucrece of the
Asturias, borrowing the chastity of a saint from the ugliness of the devil who tempted
her, defended her sweet person tooth and nail; and showed she was in earnest about it
by the noise she made. The patrol, who happened to be passing by the inn at the time,
and knew that the neighbourhood required a little looking after, took the liberty of just
asking the cause of the disturbance. The landlord, who was trying if he could not sing
in the kitchen louder than she could scream in the parlour, and swore he heard no
music but his own, was at last obliged to introduce the myrmidons of the police to the
distressed lady, just in time to rescue her from the necessity of a surrender at
discretion. The head officer, a coarse fellow, without an atom of feeling for the tender
passion, no sooner saw the game that was playing, than he gave the amorous muleteer
five or six blows with the butt end of his halberd, representing to him the indecency of
his conduct in terms quite as offensive to modesty as the naughty propensity which
had called forth his virtuous indignation. Neither did he stop here; but laid hold of the
culprit, and carried plaintiff and defendant before the magistrate. The former, with her
charms all heightened by the discomposure of her dress, went eagerly to try their

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effect in obtaining justice for the outrage they had sustained. His Worship heard at
least one party; and after solemn deliberation pronounced the offence to be of a most
heinous nature. He ordered him to be stripped, and to receive a competent number of
lashes in his presence. The conclusion of the sentence was, that if the Endymion of
our Asturian Diana was not forthcoming the next day, a couple of guards should
escort the disconsolate goddess to the town of Astorga, at the expense of this mule-
driving Acteon.
For my part, being probably more terrified than the rest of the party, I got into
the fields, scampering over hedge and ditch, through enclosures and across commons,
till I found myself hard by a forest. I was just going for concealment to ensconce
myself in the very heart of the thicket, when two men on horseback rode across me,
crying, Who goes there? As my alarm prevented me from giving them an immediate
answer, they came to close quarters, and holding each of them a pistol to my throat,
required me to give an account of myself; who I was, whence I came, what business I
had in that forest, and above all, not to tell a lie about it. Their rough interrogatives
were, according to my notion, little better than the rack with which our friend the
muleteer had offered to treat us. I represented myself however as a young man on my
way from Oviedo to Salamanca; told the story of our late fright, and faithfully
attributed my running away in such a hurry to the dread of a worse exercise under the
torture. They burst into an immoderate fit of laughter at my simplicity; and one of
them said: Take heart, my little friend; come along with us, and do not be afraid; we
will put you in a place where the devil shall not find you. At these words, he took me
up behind him, and we darted into the forest.
I did not know what to think of this odd meeting; yet on the whole I could not
well be worse off than before. If these gentry, thought I to myself, had been thieves,
they would have robbed, and perhaps murdered me. Depend on it, they are a couple of
good honest country gentlemen in this neighbourhood, who, seeing me frightened,
have taken compassion on me, and mean to carry me home with them and make me
comfortable. But these visions did not last long. After turning and winding backward
and forward in deep silence, we found ourselves at the foot of a hill, where we
dismounted. This is our abode, said one of these sequestered gentlemen. I looked
about in all directions, but the deuce a bit of either house or cottage: not a vestige of
human habitation! The two men in the mean time raised a great wooden trap, covered
with earth and briars, to conceal the entrance of a long shelving passage under-
ground, to which from habits the poor beasts took very kindly of their own accord.
Their masters kept tight hold of me, and let the trap down after them. Thus was the
worthy nephew of my uncle Perez caught, just for all the world as you would catch a
rat.

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 GIL BLAS

CH IV. -- Description of the subterraneous dwelling and its contents.

I NOW knew into what company I had fallen; and I leave it to any one to
judge whether the discovery must not have rid me of my former fear. A dread more
mighty and more just now seized my faculties. Money and life, all given up for lost!
With the air of a victim on his passage to the altar did I walk, more dead than alive,
between my two conductors, who finding that I trembled, frightened me so much the
more by telling me not to be afraid. When we had gone two hundred paces, winding
down a declivity all the way, we got into a stable lighted by two large iron lamps
suspended from the vault above. There was a good store of straw, and several casks of
hay and corn with room enough for twenty horses: but at that time there were only the
two which came with us. An old Negro, who seemed for his years in pretty good case,
was tying them to the rack where they were to feed.
We went out of the stable. By the melancholy light of some other lamps,
which only served to dress up horror in its native colours, we arrived at a kitchen
where an old harridan was broiling some steaks on the coals, and getting supper
ready. The kitchen furniture was better than might be expected, and the pantry
provided in a very plentiful manner. The lady of the larder's picture is worth drawing.
Considerably on the wrong side of sixty! -- In her youth her hair had been of a fiery
red; though she would have called it auburn. Time had indeed given it the fairer tint of
grey; but a lock of more youthful hue, interspersed at intervals, produced all the
variegated effect of the admired autumnal shades. To say nothing of an olive
complexion, she had an enormous chin turning up, an immense nose turning down,
with a mouth in the middle, modestly retiring inwards, to make room for its
encroaching neighbours. Red eyes are no beauty in any animal but a ferret; -- hers
were purple.
Here, dame Leonard, said one of the horsemen as he presented me to this
angelic imp of darkness, we have brought you a young lad. Then looking round, and
observing me to be miserably pale, Pluck up your spirits, my friend; you shall come to
no harm. We want a scullion, and have met with you. You are a lucky dog! We had a
boy who died about a fortnight ago: you shall succeed to the preferment. He was
rather too delicate for his place. You seem a good stout fellow, and may live a week
or two longer. We find you in bed and board, coal and candle; but as for day-light,
you will never see that again. Your leisure hours will pass off very agreeably with
Leonard, who is really a very good creature, and tolerably tender-hearted; you will
have all your little comforts about you. I flatter myself you have not got among
beggars. At this moment the thief seized a flambeau; and as I feared, "with zeal to
destroy;" for he ordered me to follow him.
He took me into a cellar, where I saw a great number of bottles and earthen
pots full of excellent wine. He then made me cross several rooms. In some were
pieces of cloth piled up; in others, stuffs and silks. As we passed through I could not
help casting a sheep's eye at the gold and silver plate peeping out of the different
cupboards. After that, I followed him into a great hall illuminated by three copper
lustres, and serving as a gallery between the other rooms. Here he put fresh questions
to me; asking my name; -- why I left Oviedo; -- and when I had satisfied his curiosity:
Well, Gil Blas, said he, since your only motive for quitting your native place was to
get into something snug and eligible, to be sure you must have been born to good
luck, or you would not have fallen into our hands. I tell you once for all, you will live
here on the fat of the land, and may souse over head and ears in ready money.
Besides, you are in a place of perfect safety. The officers of the holy brotherhood

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might pass through the forest a hundred times without discovering our subterraneous
abode. The entrance is only known to myself and my comrades. You may perhaps ask
how it came to be contrived, without being perceived by the inhabitants in the
neighbourhood. But you are to understand, my friend, that it was made long ago, and
is no work of ours. After the Moors had made themselves masters of Granada, of
Arragon, and nearly the whole of Spain, the Christians, rather than submit to the
tyranny of infidels, betook themselves to flight, and lay concealed in this country, in
Biscay, and in the Asturias, whither the brave Don Pelagio had withdrawn himself.
They lived in a state of exile, on the mountains, or in the woods, dispersed in little
knots. Some took up their residences in natural caves, others in artificial dwellings
under-ground, like this we are in. In process of time, when by the blessing of
Providence they had driven their enemies out of Spain, they returned to the towns.
From that time forth their retreats have served as a rendezvous for the gentlemen of
our profession. It is true that several of them have been discovered and destroyed by
the holy brotherhood: but there are some yet remaining; and, by great good luck, I
have tenanted this without paying any rent for it almost these fifteen years: Captain
Rolando, at your service! I am the leader of the band; and the man you saw with me is
one of my troopers.

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 GIL BLAS

CH V. -- The arrival of the banditti in the subterraneous retreat, with an account

of their pleasant conversation.
JUST as Captain Rolando had finished his speech six new faces made their
appearance in the hall; the lieutenant and five privates returning home with their
booty. They were hauling in two great baskets full of sugar, cinnamon, pepper, figs,
almonds, and raisins. The lieutenant gave an account of their proceedings to the
captain, and told him they had taken these articles, as well as the sumpter-mule, from
a grocer of Benavento. An official report having thus been made to the prime-
minister, the grocer's contribution was carried to account; and the next step was to
regale after their labours. A large table was set out in the hall. They sent me back to
the kitchen, where dame Leonarda told me what I had to do. I made the best of a bad
bargain, finding the luck ran against me; and, swallowing my grievances, set myself
to wait on my noble masters.
I cleaned my plate, set out my sideboard, and brought up my wine. As soon as
I announced dinner to be on table, consisting of two good black peppery ragouts for
the first course, this high and mighty company took their seats. They fell too most
voraciously. My place was to wait; and I handed about the glasses with so butler-like
an air, as to be not a little complimented on my dexterity. The chief entertained them
with a short sketch of my story, and praised my parts. But I had recovered from my
mania by this time, and could listen to my own panegyric with the humility of an
anchorite or the contempt of a philosopher. They all seemed to take a liking to me,
and to think I had dropped from the clouds on purpose to be their cup-bearer. My
predecessor was a fool to me. Since his death, the illustrious Leonarda had the honour
of presenting nectar to these gods of the lower regions. But she was now degraded,
and I had the felicity of being installed in her office. Thus, old Hebe being a little the
worse for wear, young Ganymede tripped up her heels. A substantial joint of meat
after the ragouts at length blunted the edge of their appetites. Eating and drinking
went together: so that they soon got into a merry pin, and made a roaring noise. Well
done, my lads! All talkers and no listeners. One begins a long story, another cuts a
joke; here a fellow bawls, there a fellow sings; and they all seem to be at cross
purposes. At last Rolando, tired of a concert in which he could hardly hear the sound
of his own voice, let them know that he was maestro di capella, and brought them into
better tune. Gentlemen, said he, I have a question to put. Instead of stunning one
another with this infernal din, had we not better enjoy a little rational conversation? A
thought is just come into my head. Since the happy day that united us we have never
had the curiosity to inquire into each other's pedigrees, or by what chain of
circumstances we were each of us led to embrace our present way of life. There would
be no harm in knowing who and who are together. Let us exchange confidence: we
may find some amusement in it. The lieutenant and the rest, like true heroes of
romance, accepted the challenge with the utmost courtesy, and the captain told the
first story to the following effect: -- Gentlemen, you are to know that I am the only
son of a rich citizen in Madrid. The day of my birth was celebrated in the family by
rejoicings without end. My father, no chicken, thought it a considerable feat to have
got an heir, and my mother was kind enough to suckle me herself. My maternal
grandfather was still living: a good old man, who did not trouble himself about other
people's concerns, but said his prayers, and fought his campaigns over and over again;
for he had been in the army. Of course I was idolized by these three persons; never
out of their arms. My early years were passed in the most childish amusements, for
fear of hurting my health by application. It will not do, said my father, to hammer

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much learning into children till time has ripened their understanding. While he waited
for this ripening, the season went by. I could neither read nor write: but I made up for
that in other ways. My father taught me a thousand different games. I became
perfectly acquainted with cards, was no stranger to dice, and my grandfather set me
the example of drawing the long bow, while he entertained me with his military
exploits. He sung the same songs repeatedly one after another every day; so that
when, after saying ten or twelve lines after him for three months together, I got to
boggle through them without missing, the whole family were in raptures at my
memory. Neither was my wit thought to be at all less extraordinary; for I was suffered
to talk at random, and took care to put in my oar in the most impertinent manner
possible. O the pretty little dear! exclaimed my father, as if he had been fascinated.
My mother made it up with kisses, and my grandfather's old eyes overflowed. I played
all sorts of dirty and indecent tricks before them with impunity; everything was
excusable in so fine a boy: an angel could not do wrong. Going on in this manner, I
was already in my twelfth year without ever having a master. It was high time; but
then he was to teach me by fair means: he might threaten, but must not flog me. This
arrangement did me but little good; for sometimes I laughed when my tutor scolded:
at others, I ran with tears in my eyes to my mother or my grandfather, and complained
that he had used me ill. The poor devil got nothing by denying it. My word was
always taken before his, and he came off with the character of a cruel rascal. One day
I scratched myself with my own nails, and set up a howl as if I had been flogged. My
mother ran, and turned the master out of doors, though he vowed and protested he had
never lifted a finger against me.
Thus did I get rid of all my tutors, till at last I met with one to my mind. He
was a bachelor of Alcala. This was the master for a young man of fashion. Women,
wine, and gaming, were his principal amusements. It was impossible to be in better
hands. He hit the right nail on the head: for he let me do what I pleased, and thus got
into the good graces of the family, who abandoned me to his conduct. They had no
reason to repent. He perfected me betimes in the knowledge of the world. By dint of
taking me about to all his haunts, he gave such a finish to my education, that barring
literature and science, I be came an universal scholar. As soon as he saw that I could
go alone in the high road to ruin he went to qualify others for the same journey.
During my childhood I had lived at home just as I liked, and did not sufficiently
consider, that now I was beginning to be responsible for my own actions. My father
and mother were a standing jest. Yet they were themselves thrown into convulsions at
my sallies; and the more ridiculous they were made by them, the more waggish they
thought me. In the mean time I got into all manner of scrapes with some young
fellows of my own kidney; and, as our relations kept us rather too short of cash for the
exigencies of so loose a life, we each of us made free with whatever we could lay our
hands on in our own families. Finding this would not raise the supplies, we began to
pick pockets in the streets at night. As ill luck would have it, our exploits came to the
knowledge of the police. A warrant was out against us; but some good-natured friend,
thinking it a pity we should be nipped in the bud, gave us a caution. We took to our
heels, and rose in our vocation to the rank of highwaymen. From that time forth,
gentlemen, with a blessing on my endeavours, I have gone on till I am almost the
father of the profession, in spite of the dangers to which it is exposed.
Here the captain ended, and it came to the turn of the lieutenant. Gentle men,
extremes are said to meet; -- and so it will appear from a comparison of our
commander's education and mine. My father was a butcher at Toledo. He passed, with
reason, for the greatest brute in the town, and my mother's sweet disposition was not

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 GIL BLAS

mended by the example. In my childhood, they whipped me in emulation of one

another; I came in for a thousand lashes of a day! The slightest fault was followed up
by the severest punishment. In vain did I beg for mercy with tears in my eyes, and
protest that I was sorry for what I had done. They never excused me, and nine times
out of ten flogged me for nothing. When I was under my father's lash, my mother, not
thinking his arm stout enough, lent her assistance, instead of begging me off. The
favours I received at their hands gave me such a disgust, that I quitted their house
before I had completed my fourteenth year, took the Arragon road, and begged my
way to Saragossa. There I associated with vagrants, who led a merry life enough.
They taught me to counterfeit blindness and lameness, to dress up an artificial wound
in each of my legs, and to adopt many other methods of imposing on the credulity of
the charitable and humane. In the morning, like actors at rehearsal, we cast our
characters, and settled the business of the comedy. We had each our exits and our
entrances; till in the evening the curtain dropped, and we regaled at the expense of the
dupes we had deluded in the day. Wearied, however, with the company of these
wretches, and wishing to live in more worshipful society, I entered into partnership
with a gang of sharpers. These fellows taught me some good tricks: but Saragossa
soon became too hot to hold us, after we had fallen out with a limb of the law, who
had hitherto taken us under his protection. We each of us provided for ourselves, and
left the devil to take the hindmost. For my part, I enlisted in a brave and veteran
regiment, which had seen abundance of service on the king's highway: and I found
myself so comfortable in their quarters, that I had no desire to change my birth. So
that you see, gentlemen, I was very much obliged to my relations for their bad
behaviour; for if they had treated me a little more kindly, I might have been a
blackguard butcher at this moment, instead of having the honour to be your lieutenant.
Gentlemen, -- interrupted a hopeful young freebooter who sat between the captain and
the lieutenant, -- the stories we have just heard are neither so complicated nor so
curious as mine. I peeped into existence by means of a country woman in the
neighbourhood of Seville. Three weeks after she had set me down in this system, a
nurse child was offered her. You are to understand she was yet in her prime, comely
in her person, and had a good breast of milk. The young suckling had noble blood in
him, and was an only son. My mother accepted the proposal with all her heart, and
went to fetch the child. It was entrusted to her care. She had no sooner brought it
home, than, fancying a resemblance, she conceived the idea of substituting me for the
brat of high birth, in the hope of drawing a handsome commission at some future time
for this motherly office in behalf of her infant. My father, whose morals were on a
level with those of clodhoppers in general, lent himself very willingly to the cheat: so
that with only a change of clouts the son of Don Rodrigo de Herrera was packed off in
my name to another nurse, and my mother suckled her own and her master's child at
once in my little person.
They may say what they will of instinct and the force of blood! The little
gentleman's parents were very easily taken in. They had not the slightest suspicion of
the trick; and were eternally dandling me till I was seven years old. As it was their
intention to make me a finished gentleman, they gave me masters of all kinds; but I
had very little taste for their lessons, and above all, I detested the sciences. I had at
any time rather play with the servants or the stable boys, and was a complete kitchen
genius. But tossing up for heads or tails was not my ruling passion. Before seventeen I
had an itch for getting drunk. I played the devil among the chamber-maids; but my
prime favourite was a kitchen girl, who had infinite merit in my eyes. She was a great
bloated horse-god-mother, whose good case and easy morals suited me exactly. I

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boarded her with so little circumspection that Don Rodrigo took notice of it. He took
me to task pretty sharply; twitted me with my low taste; and, for fear the presence of
my charmer should counteract his sage counsels, showed the goddess of my devotions
the outside of the door.
This proceeding was rather offensive; and I determined to be even with him. I
stole his wife's jewels; and ravishing my Helen from a laundress of her acquaintance,
went off with her in open day, that the transaction might lose nothing in point of
notoriety. But this was not all. I carried her among her relations, where I married her
according to the rites of the church, as much from the personal motive of mortifying
Herrera, as from the patriotic enthusiasm of encouraging our young nobility to mend
the breed. Three months after marriage, I heard that Don Rodrigo had gone the way of
all flesh. The intelligence was not lost upon me. I was at Seville in a twinkling, to
administer in due form and order to his effects; but the tables were turned. My mother
had paid the debt of nature, and in her last agonies had been so much off her guard as
to confess the whole affair to the curate of the village and other competent witnesses.
Don Rodrigo's son had already taken my place, or rather his own, and his popularity
was increased by the deficiency of mine; so that as the trumps were all out in that
hand, and I had no particular wish for the present my wife was likely to make me, I
joined issue with some desperate blades, with whom I began my trading ventures.
The young cut-purse having finished his story, another told us that he was the
son of a merchant at Burgos; that, in his youth, prompted more by piety than wit, he
had taken the religious habit and professed in a very strict order, and that a few years
afterwards he had apostatized. In short, the eight robbers told their tale one after
another, and when I had heard them all, I did not wonder that the destinies had
brought them together. The conversation now took a different turn. They brought
several schemes upon the carpet for the next campaign; and after having laid down
their plan of operations, rose from table and went to bed. They lighted their night
candles, and withdrew to their apartments. I attended Captain Rolando to his. While I
was fiddling about him as he undressed: Well! Gil Blas, said he, you see how we live!
We are always merry; hatred and envy have no footing here; we have not the least
difference, but hang together just like monks. You are sure, my good lad, to lead a
pleasant life here; for I do not think you are fool enough to make any bones about
consorting with gentlemen of the road. In what does ours differ from many a more
reputable trade? Depend on it, my friend, all men love two hands in their neighbour's
purse, though only one in their own. Men's principles are all alike; the only difference
lies in the mode of carrying them into effect. Conquerors, for instance, make free with
the territories of their neighbours. People of fashion borrow and do not pay. Bankers,
treasurers, brokers, clerks, and traders of all kinds, wholesale and retail, give ample
liberty to their wants to overdraw on their consciences. I shall not mention the
hangers-on of the law; we all know how it goes with them. At the same time it must
be allowed that they have more humanity than we have; for as it is often our vocation
to take away the life of the innocent for plunder, it is sometimes theirs for fee and
reward to save the guilty.

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 GIL BLAS

CH VI. -- The attempt of Gil Blas to escape, and its success.

AFTER the captain of the banditti had thus apologized for adopting such a line
of life, he went to bed. For my part, I returned to the hall, where I cleared the table,
and set everything to rights. Then I went to the kitchen, where Domingo, the old
negro, and dame Leonarda had been expecting me at supper. Though entirely without
appetite, I had the good manners to sit down with them. Not a morsel could I eat; and,
as I scarcely felt more miserable than I looked, this pair so justly formed to meet by
nature, undertook to give me a little comfort. Why do you take on so, my good lad?
said the old dowager: you ought rather to bless your stars for your good luck. You are
young, and seem a little soft; you would have a fine kettle of fish of it in the busy
world. You might have fallen into bad hands, and then your morals would have been
corrupted; whereas here your innocence is insured to its full value. Dame Leonarda is
in the right, put in the old negro gravely, the world is but a troublesome place. Be
thankful, my friend, for being so early relieved from the dangers, the difficulties, and
the afflictions of this miserable life.
I bore this prosing very quietly, because I should have got no good by putting
myself in a passion about it. At length Domingo, after playing a good knife and fork,
and getting gloriously muddled, took himself off to the stable. Leonarda, by the
glimmering of a lamp, showed me the way to a vault which served as a last home to
those of the corps who died a natural death. Here I stumbled upon something more
like a grave than a bed. This is your room, said she. Your predecessor lay here as long
as he was among us, and here he lies to this day. He suffered himself to be hurried out
of life in his prime: do not you be so foolish as to follow his example. With this kind
advice, she left me with the lamp for my companion and returned to the kitchen. I
threw myself on the little bed, not so much for rest as meditation. O heaven!
exclaimed I, was there ever a fate so dreadful as mine? it is determined then I am to
take my leave of daylight! Beside this, as if it were not enough to be buried alive at
eighteen, my misery is to be aggravated by being in the service of a banditti; by
passing the day with highwaymen, and the night in a charnelhouse. These reflections,
which seemed to me very dismal, and were indeed no better than they seemed, set me
crying most bitterly. I could not conceive what cursed maggot my uncle had got in his
head to send me to Salamanca; repented running away from Cacabelos, and would
have compounded for the torture. But, considering how vain it was to shut the door
when the steed was stolen, I determined, instead of lamenting the past, to hit upon
some expedient for making my escape. What! thought I, is it impossible to get off?
The cut-throats are asleep; cooky and the black will be snoring ere long. Why cannot
I, by the help of this lamp, find the passage by which I descended into these infernal
regions? I am afraid, indeed, my strength is not equal to lifting the trap at the entrance.
However, let us see. Faint heart never won fair lady. Despair will lend me new force,
and who knows but I may succeed?
Thus was the train laid for a grand attempt. I got up as soon as Leonarda and
Domingo were likely to be asleep. With the lamp in my hand, I stole out of the vault,
putting up my prayers to all the spirits in paradise, and ten miles round. It was with no
small difficulty that I threaded all the windings of this new labyrinth. At length I
found myself at the stable door, and perceived the passage which was the object of my
search. Pushing on I made my way towards the trap with a light pair of heels and a
beating heart: but, alas! in the middle of my career I ran against a cursed iron grate
locked fast, with bars so close as not to admit a hand between them. I looked rather
foolish at the occurrence of this new difficulty, which I had not been aware of at my

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entrance, because the grate was then open. However, I tried what I could do by
fumbling at the bars. Then for a peep at the lock; or whether it could not be forced!
When all at once my poor shoulders were saluted with five or six good strokes of a
bull's pizzle. I set up such a shrill alarum, that the den of Cacus rang with it; when
looking round, who should it be but the old negro in his shirt, holding a dark lanthorn
in one hand, and the instrument of my punishment in the other. Oh, ho! quoth he, my
merry little fellow, you will run away, will you? No, no! you must not think to set
your wits against mine. I heard you all the while. You thought you should find the
grate open, did not you? You may take it for granted, my friend, that henceforth it will
always be shut. When we keep any one here against his will, he must be a cleverer
fellow than you to make his escape.
In the mean time, at the howl I had set up two or three of the robbers waked
suddenly; and not knowing but the holy brotherhood might be falling upon them, they
got up and called their comrades. Without the loss of a moment all were on the alert.
Swords and carabines were put in requisition, and the whole posse advanced forward
almost in a state of nature to the place where I was parleying with Domingo. But as
soon as they learned the cause of the uproar, their alarm resolved itself into a peal of
laughter. How now, Gil Blas, said the apostate son of the church, you have not been a
good six hours with us, and are you tired of our company already? You must have a
great objection to retirement. Why, what would you do if you were a Carthusian friar?
Get along with you, and go to bed. This time you shall get off with Domingo's
discipline; but if you are ever caught in a second attempt of the same kind, by Saint
Bartholomew! we will flay you alive. With this hint he retired, and the rest of the
party went back to their rooms. The old negro, taking credit to himself for his
vigilance, returned to his stable; and I found my way back to my charnel-house, where
I passed the remainder of the night in weeping and wailing.

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 GIL BLAS

CH VII. -- Gil Blas, not being able to do what he likes, does what he can.
FOR the first few days I thought I should have given up the ghost for very
spite and vexation. The lingering life I led was nearly akin to death itself; but in the
end my good genius whispered me to play the hypocrite, I aimed at looking a little
more cheerful; began to laugh and sing, though it was some times on the wrong side
of my mouth; in a word, I put so good a face on the matter, that Leonarda and
Domingo were completely taken in. They thought the bird was reconciled to his cage.
The robbers entertained the same notion. I looked as brisk as the beverage I poured
out, and put in my oar whenever I thought I could say a good thing. My freedom, far
from offending, was taken in good part. Gil Blas, quoth the captain one evening,
while I was playing the buffoon, you have done well, my friend, to banish
melancholy. I am delighted with your wit and humour. Some people wear a mask at
first acquaintance; I had no notion what a jovial fellow you were.
My praises now seemed to run from mouth to mouth. They were all so partial
to me, that, not to miss my opportunity; -- Gentlemen, quoth I, allow me to tell you a
piece of my mind. Since I have been your guest, a new light breaks in upon me. I have
bid adieu to vulgar prejudices, and caught a ray at the fountain of your illumination. I
feel that I was born to be your knight companion. I languish to make one among you,
and will stand my chance of a halter with the best. All the company cried Hear! -- I
was considered as a promising member of the senate. It was then determined
unanimously to give me a trial in some inferior department; afterwards to bespeak me
a good desperate encounter in which I might show my prowess; and if I answered
expectation to give me a high and responsible employment in the commonwealth.
It was necessary therefore to go on exhibiting a copy of my countenance, and
doing my best in my office of cup-bearer. I was impatient beyond measure; for I only
aspired after the honours of the sitting, to obtain the liberty of going abroad with the
rest; and I was in hopes that by running the risk of getting my neck into one noose I
might get it out of another. This was my only chance. The time nevertheless seemed
long to wait, and I kept my eye on Domingo, with the hope of outwitting him: but the
thing was not feasible; he was always on the watch. Orpheus as leader of the band,
with a complete orchestra of performers as good as himself, could not have soothed
the savage breast of this Cerberus. The truth is, by the by, that for fear of exciting his
suspicion, I did not set my wits against him so much as I might have done. He was on
the look-out, and I was obliged to play the prude, or my virtue might have come into
disgrace. I therefore stopped proceedings till the time of my probation should expire,
to which I looked forward with impatience, just as if I was waiting for a place under
government.
Heaven be praised, in about six months I gained my end. The commandant
Rolando addressing his regiment, said: Comrades, we must stand upon honour with
Gil Blas. I have no bad opinion of our young candidate; we shall make something of
him. If you will take my advice, let him go and reap his first harvest with us to-
morrow on the king's highway. We will lead him on in the path of honour. The
robbers applauded the sentiments of the captain with a thunder of acclamation; and to
show me how much I was considered as one of the gang, from that moment they
dispensed with my attendance at the side board. Dame Leonarda was reinstated in the
office from which she had been discharged to make room for me. They made me
change my dress, which consisted in a plain short cassock a good deal the worse for
wear, and tricked me out in the spoils of a gentleman lately robbed. After this
inauguration, I made my arrangements for my first campaign.

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 ALAIN-RENÉ LESAGE

CH VIII. -- Gil Blas goes out with the gang, and performs an exploit on the
highway.
IT was past midnight in the month of September, when I issued from the
subterraneous abode as one of the fraternity. I was armed, like them, with a carabine,
two pistols, a sword, and a bayonet, and was mounted on a very good horse, the
property of the gentleman in whose costume I appeared. I had lived so long like a
mole under-ground, that the daybreak could not fail of dazzling me: but my eyes got
reconciled to it by degrees.
We passed close by Pontferrada, and were determined to lie in ambush behind
a small wood skirting the road to Leon. There we were waiting for whatever fortune
might please to throw in our way, when we espied a Dominican friar, mounted,
contrary to the rubric of those pious fathers, on a shabby mule. God be praised,
exclaimed the captain with a sneer, this is a noble beginning for Gil Blas. Let him go
and trounce that monk: we will bear witness to his qualifications. The connoisseurs
were all of opinion that this commission suited my talents to a hair, and exhorted me
to do my best Gentlemen, quoth I, you shall have no reason to complain. I will strip
this holy father to his birth-day suit, and give you complete right and title to his mule.
No, no, said Rolando, the beast would not be worth its fodder: only bring us our
reverend pastor's purse; that is all we require. Hereupon I issued from the wood and
pushed up to the man of God, doing penance all the time in my own breast for the sin
I was committing. I could have liked to have turned my back upon my fellows at that
moment; but most of them had the advantage of better horses than mine: had they
seen me making off they would have been at my heels, and would soon have caught
me, or perhaps would have fired a volley, for which I was not sufficiently case-
hardened. I could not therefore venture on so perilous an alternative; so that claiming
acquaintance with the reverend father, I asked to look at his purse, and just put out the
end of a pistol. He stopped short to gaze upon me; and, without seeming much
frightened, said, My child, you are very young; this is an early apprenticeship to a bad
trade. Father, replied I, bad as it is, I wish I had begun it sooner. What! my son,
rejoined the good friar, who did not understand the real meaning of what I said, how
say you? What blindness! give me leave to place before your eyes the unhappy
condition. Come, come, father! interrupted I, with impatience, a truce to your
morality, if you please. My business on the high road is not to hear sermons. Money
makes my mare to go. Money said he, with a look of surprise; you have a poor
opinion of Spanish charity, if you think that people of my stamp have any occasion
for such trash upon their travels. Let me undeceive you. We are made welcome
wherever we go, and pay for our board and lodgings by our prayers. In short, we carry
no cash with us on the road; but draw drafts upon Providence. That is all very well,
replied I; yet for fear your drafts should be dishonoured, you take care to keep about
you a little supply for present need. But come, father, let us make an end: my
comrades in the wood are in a hurry; so your money or your life. At these words,
which I pronounced with a determined air, the friar began to think the business grew
serious. Since needs must, said he, there is wherewithal to satisfy your craving. A
word and a blow is the only rhetoric with you gentlemen. As he said this, be drew a
large leathern purse from under his gown, and threw it on the ground. I then told him
he might make the best of his way: and he did not wait for a second bidding, but stuck
his heels into the mule, which, giving the lie to my opinion, for I thought it on a par
with my uncle's, set off at a good round pace. While he was riding for his life, I
dismounted. The purse was none of the lightest. I mounted again, and got back to the

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wood, where those nice. observers were waiting with impatience to congratulate me
on my success. I could hardly get my foot out of the stirrup, so eager were they to
shake hands with me. Courage, Gil Blas, said Rolando; you have done wonders. I
have had my eyes on you during your whole performance, and have watched your
countenance. I have no hesitation in predicting that you will become in time a very
accomplished highwayman. The lieutenant and the rest chimed in with the prophecy,
and assured me that I could not fail of fulfilling it hereafter. I thanked them for the
elevated idea they had formed of my talents, and promised to do all in my power not
to discredit their penetration.
After they had lavished praises, the effect rather of their candour than of my
merit, they took it into their heads to examine the booty I had brought under my
convoy. Let us see, said they, let us see how a friar's purse is lined. It should be fat
and flourishing, continued one of them, for these good fathers do not mortify the flesh
when they travel. The captain untied the purse, opened it, and took out two or three
handfuls of little copper coins, an Agnus-Dei here and there, and some scapularies. At
sight of so novel a prize, all the privates burst into an immoderate fit of laughter. God
be praised! cried the lieutenant, we are very much obliged to Gil Blas: his first attack
has produced a supply, very seasonable to our fraternity. One joke brought on another.
These rascals, especially the fellow who had retired from the church to our
subterraneous hermitage, began to make themselves merry on the subject. They said a
thousand good things, such as showed at once the sharpness of their wits and the
profligacy of their morals. They were all on the broad grin except myself. It was
impossible to be butt and marksman too. They each of them shot their bolt at me, and
the captain said: Faith, Gil Blas, I would advise you as a friend not to set your wit a
second time against the church: the biter may be bit; for you must live some time
longer among us, before you are a match for them.

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 ALAIN-RENÉ LESAGE

CH. IX. -- A more serious incident.

WE lounged about the wood for the greater part of the day, without lighting on
any traveller to pay toll for the friar. At length we were beginning to wear our
homeward way, as if confining the feats of the day to this laughable adventure, which
furnished a plentiful fund of conversation, when we got intelligence of a carriage on
the road drawn by four mules. They were coming at a hard gallop, with three
outriders, who seemed to be well armed. Rolando ordered the troop to halt, and hold a
council, the result of whose deliberations was to attack the enemy. We were regularly
drawn up in battle-array, and marched to meet the caravan. In spite of the applause I
had gained in the wood, I felt an oozing sort of tremour come over me, with a chill in
my veins and a chattering in my teeth that seemed to bode me no good. As it never
rains but it pours, I was in the front of the battle, hemmed in between the captain and
the lieutenant, who had given me that post of honour, that I might lose no time in
learning to stand fire. Rolando, observing the low ebb of my animal spirits, looked
askew at me, and muttered in a tone more resolute than courtly: Hark ye! Gil Blas,
look sharp about you! I give you fair notice, that if you play the recreant, I shall lodge
a couple of bullets in your brain. I believed him as firmly as my catechism, and
thought it high time not to neglect the hint; so that I was obliged to lay an embargo on
the expression of my fears, and to think only of recommending my soul to God in
silence.
While all this was going on, the carriage and horsemen drew near. They
suspected what sort of gentry we were; and guessing our trade by our badge, stopped
within gun-shot. They had carabines and pistols as well as ourselves. While they were
preparing to give us a brisk reception, there jumped out of the coach a well- looking
gentleman richly dressed. He mounted a led horse, and put himself at the head of his
party. Though they were but four against nine, for the coachman kept his seat on the
box, they advanced towards us with a confidence calculated to redouble my terror.
Yet I did not forget, though trembling in every joint, to hold myself in readiness for a
shot: but, to give a candid relation of the affair, I blinked and looked the other way in
letting off my piece; so that from the harmlessness of my fire, I was sure not to have
murder to answer for in another world.
I shall not give the particulars of the engagement; though present, I was no
eye-witness; and my fear, while it laid hold of my imagination, drew a veil over the
anticipated horror of the sight. All I know about the matter is, that after a grand
discharge of musquetry, I heard my companions hallooing Victory! Victory! as if their
lungs were made of leather. At this shout the terror which had made a forcible entry
on my senses was ejected, and I beheld the four horse men stretched lifeless on the
field of battle. On our side, we had only one man killed. This was the renegade
parson, who had now filled the measure of his apostasy, and paid for jesting with
scapularies and such sacred things. The lieutenant received a slight wound in the arm;
but the bullet did little more than graze the skin.
Master Rolando was the first at the coach-door. Within was a lady of from
four to five-and-twenty, beautiful as an angel in his eyes, in spite of her sad condition.
She had fainted during the conflict, and her swoon still continued. While he was fixed
like a statue on her charms, the rest of were in profound meditation on the plunder.
We began by securing the horses of the defunct; for these animals, frightened at the
report of our pieces, had got to a little distance, after the loss of their riders. For the
mules, they had not wagged a hair, though the coachman had jumped from his box
during the engagement to make his escape. We dismounted for the purpose of

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unharnessing and loading them with some trunks tied before and behind the carriage.
This settled, the captain ordered the lady, who had not yet recovered her faculties, to
be set on horseback before the best mounted of the robbers; then, leaving the carriage
and the uncased carcases by the road-side, we carried off with us the lady, the mules,
and the horses.

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 ALAIN-RENÉ LESAGE

CH. X. -- The lady's treatment from the robbers. The event of the great design,
conceived by Gil Blas.
THE night had another hour to run when we arrived at our subterraneous
mansion. The first thing we did was to lead our cavalry to the stable, where we were
obliged to groom them ourselves, as the old negro had been confined to his bed for
three days, with a violent fit of the gout, and an universal rheumatism. He had no
member supple but his tongue; and that he employed in testifying his indignation by
the most horrible impieties. Leaving this wretch to curse and swear by himself, we
went to the kitchen to look after the lady. So successful were our attentions, that we
succeeded in recovering her from her fit. But when she had once more the use of her
senses, and saw herself encompassed by strangers, she knew the extent of her
misfortune, and shuddered at the thought. All that grief and despair together could
present, of images the most distressing, appeared depicted in her eyes, which she
lifted up to heaven, as if in reproach for the indignities she was threatened with. Then,
giving way at once to these dreadful apprehensions, she fell again into a swoon, her
eyelids closed once more, and the robbers thought that death was going to snatch from
them their prey. The captain, therefore, judging it more to the purpose to leave her to
herself than to torment her with any more of their assistance, ordered her to be laid on
Leonarda's bed, and at all events to let nature take its course.
We went into the hall, where one of the robbers, who had been bred a surgeon,
looked at the lieutenant's arm and put a plaister to it. After this scientific operation, it
was thought expedient to examine the baggage. Some of the trunks were filled with
laces and linen, others with various articles of wearing apparel: but the last contained
some bags of coin; a circumstance highly approved by the receivers-general of the
estate. After this investigation, the cook set out the side-board, laid the cloth, and
served up supper. Our conversation ran first on the great victory we had achieved. On
this subject said Rolando, directing himself to me, Confess the truth, Gil Blas: you
cannot deny that you were devilishly frightened. I candidly admitted the fact; but
promised to fight like a crusader after my second or third campaign. Hereupon all the
company took my part, alleging the sharpness of the action in my excuse, and that it
was very well for a novice, not yet accustomed to the smell of powder.
We next talked of the mules and horses just added to our subterraneous stud. It
was determined to set off the next morning before day-break, and sell them at
Mansilla, before there was any chance of our expedition having got wind. This
resolution taken, we finished our supper, and returned to the kitchen to pay our
respects to the lady. We found her in the same condition. Nevertheless, though the
dregs of life seemed almost exhausted, some of these poachers could not help casting
a wicked leer at her, and giving visible signs of a motion within them, which would
have broken out into overt act, had not Rolando put a spoke in their wheel by
representing that they ought at least to wait till the lady had got rid of her terrors and
squeamishness, and could come in for her share of the amusement. Their respect for
the captain operated as a check to the incontinence of their passions. Nothing else
could have saved the lady; nor would death itself probably have secured her from
violation.
Again therefore did we leave this unhappy female to her melancholy fate.
Rolando contented himself with charging Leonarda to take care of her, and we all
separated for the night. For my part, when I went to bed, instead of courting sleep, my
thoughts were wholly taken up with the lady's misfortunes. I had no doubt of her
being a woman of quality, and thought her lot on that account so much the more

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piteous. I could not paint to myself, without shuddering, the horrors which awaited
her; and felt myself as sensibly affected by them, as if united to her by the ties of
blood or friendship. At length, after having sufficiently bewailed her destiny, I mused
on the means of preserving her honour from its present danger, and myself from a
longer abode in this dungeon. I considered that the old negro could not stir, and
recollected that since his illness the cook had the key of the grate. That thought
warmed my fancy, and gave birth to a project not to be hazarded lightly: the stages of
its execution were the following.
I pretended to have the colic. A lad in the colic cannot help whining and
groaning; but I went further, and cried out lustily, as loud as my lungs would let me.
This roused my gentle friends, and brought them about me to know what the deuce
was the matter. I informed them that I had a swinging fit of the gripes, and to humour
the idea, gnashed my teeth, made all manner of wry faces till I looked like a
bedlamite, and twisted my limbs as if I had been going to be delivered of a heathen
oracle. Then I became calm all at once, as if my pains had abated. The next minute I
flounced up and down upon my bed, and threw my arms about at random. In a word, I
played my part so well that these more experienced performers, knowing as they
were, suffered themselves to be thrown off their guard, and to believe that my malady
was real. All at once did they busy themselves for my relief. One brought me a bottle
of brandy, and forced me to gulp down half of it; another, in spite of my
remonstrances, applied oil of sweet almonds in a very offensive manner: a third went
and made a napkin burning hot, to be clapped upon my stomach. In vain did I cry
mercy; they attributed my noise to the violence of my disorder, and went on inflicting
positive evil by way of remedy for that which was artificial. At last, able to bear it no
longer, I was obliged to swear that I was better, and entreat them to give me quarter.
They left off killing me with kindness, and I took care not to complain any more, for
fear of experiencing their tender attentions a second time.
This scene lasted nearly three hours. After which the robbers, calculating it to
be near day-break, prepared for their journey to Mansilla. I was for getting up, as if I
had set my heart on being of the party; but that they would not allow. No, no, Gil
Blas, said Signor Rolando, stay here, my lad; your colic may return. You shall go with
us another time; to-day you are not in travelling condition. I did not think it prudent to
urge my attendance too much, for fear of being taken at my word; but only affected
great disappointment with so natural an air, that they all went off without the slightest
misgiving of my design. After their departure, for which I had prayed most fervently,
I said to myself: Now is your time, Gil Blas, to be firm and resolved. Arm yourself
with courage to go through with an enterprise so propitiously begun. Domingo is tied
by the leg, and Leonarda may show her teeth, but she cannot bite. Pounce down upon
opportunity while it offers; you may wait long enough for another. Thus did I spirit
myself up in soliloquy. Having got out of bed, I laid hold of my sword and pistols;
and away I went to the kitchen. But before I made my appearance I stopped to hear
what Leonarda was talking about to the fair incognita, who was come to her senses,
and, on a view of her misfortune in its extremity, took on most desperately. That is
right, my girl, said the old hag, cry your eyes out, sob away plentifully, you know the
good effect of woman's tears. The sudden shock was too much for you; but the danger
is over now the engines can play. Your grief will abate by little and little, and you wilt
get reconciled to living with our gentlemen, who are very good sort of people. You
will be better off than a princess. You do not know how fond they will be of you. Not
a day will pass without your being obliged to some of them. Many a woman would
give one of her eyes to be in your place.

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I did not allow Leonarda time to go on any longer with this babbling. In I
went, and putting a pistol to her breast, insisted with a menacing air on her delivering
up the key of the grate. She did not know what to make of my behaviour; and, though
almost in the last stage of life, had such a propensity to linger on the road as not to
venture on a refusal. With the key in my hand I directed the following speech to the
distressed object of my compassion: Madam, Heaven sends you a deliverer in me;
follow, and I will see you safe whithersoever you wish to be conducted. The lady was
not deaf to my proposal, which made such an impression on her grateful heart that she
jumped up with all the strength she had left, threw herself at my feet, and conjured me
to save her honour. I raised her from the ground, and assured her she might rely on
me. I then took some ropes which were opportunely in the kitchen, and with her
assistance tied Leonarda to the legs of a large table, protesting that I would kill her if
she only breathed a murmur. After that, lighting a candle, I went with the incognita to
the treasury, where I filled my pockets with pistoles, single and double, as full as they
could hold. To encourage the lady not to be scrupulous, I begged she would think
herself at home, and make free with her own. With our finances thus recruited, we
went towards the stable, where I marched in with my pistols cocked. I was of opinion
that the old blackamoor, for all his gout and rheumatism, would not let me saddle and
bridle my horse peaceably, and my resolution was to put a finishing hand to all his
ailments if he took it into his head to play the churl: but, by good luck, he was at that
moment in such pain that I stole the steed without his perceiving that the door was
open. The lady in the mean time was waiting for me. We were not long in threading
the passage leading to the outlet; but reached the grate, opened it, and at last got to the
trap. Much ado there was to lift it, which we could not have done, but for the new
strength we borrowed from the hopes of our escape.
Day was beginning to dawn when we emerged from that abyss. Our first
object was to get as far from it as possible. I jumped into the saddle: the lady got up
behind me, and taking the first path that offered, we soon gal loped out of the forest.
Coming to some cross-roads we took our chance. I trembled for fear of its leading to
Mansilla, and our encountering Rolando and his comrades. Luckily my apprehensions
were unfounded. We got to Astorga by two o'clock in the afternoon. The people
looked at us as if they had never seen such a sight before as a woman riding behind a
man. We alighted at the first inn. I immediately ordered a partridge and a young rabbit
to the spit. While my orders were in a train of execution, the lady was shown to a
room, where we began to scrape acquaintance with one another; which we had not
done on the road, on account of the speed we made. She expressed a high sense of my
services, and told me that after so gentlemanly a conduct, she could not allow herself
to think me one of the gang from whom I had rescued her. I told her my story to
confirm her good opinion. By these means I entitled myself to her confidence, and to
the knowledge of her misfortunes, which she recounted to the following effect.

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CH. XI -- The history of Donna Mencia de Mosquera.

I WAS born at Valladolid, and am called Donna Mencia de Mosquera. My
father, Don Martin, after spending most of his family estate in the service, was killed
in Portugal at the head of his regiment. He left me so little property, that I was a bad
match, though an only daughter. I was not, however, without my admirers,
notwithstanding the mediocrity of my fortune. Several of the most considerable
cavaliers in Spain sought me in marriage. My favourite was Don Alvar de Mello. It is
true he had a prettier person than his rivals; but more solid qualities determined me in
his favour. He had wit, discretion, valour, probity; and in addition to all these, an air
of fashion. Was an entertainment to be given? His taste was sure to be displayed. If he
appeared in the lists, he always fixed the eyes of the beholders on his strength and
dexterity. I singled him out from among all the rest, and married him.
A few days after our nuptials, he met Don Andrew de Baësa, who had been his
rival, in a private place. They attacked one another sword in hand, and Don Andrew
fell. As he was nephew to the corregidor of Valladolid, a turbulent man, violently
incensed against the house of Mello, Don Alvar thought he could not soon enough
make his escape. He returned home speedily, and told me what had happened while
his horse was getting ready. My dear Mencia, said he at length, we must part. You
know the corregidor: let us not flatter ourselves; he will hunt me even to death. You
are unacquainted with his influence; this empire will be too hot to hold me. He was so
penetrated by his own grief and mine as not to be able to articulate further. I made
him take some cash and jewels: then he folded me in his arms, and we did nothing but
mingle our sighs and tears for a quarter of an hour. In a short time the horse was at the
door. He tore himself from me, and left me in a condition not easily to be expressed. It
had been well if the excess of my affliction had destroyed me! How much pain and
trouble might I have escaped by death! Some hours after Don Alvar was gone, the
corregidor became acquainted with his flight. He set up a hue and cry after him,
sparing no pains to get him into his power. My husband, however, eluded his pursuit,
and got into safe quarters; so that the judge, finding himself reduced to confine his
vengeance to the poor satisfaction of confiscating, where he meant to execute,
laboured to good purpose in his vocation. Don Alvar's little property all went to the
hammer.
I remained in a very comfortless situation, with scarcely the means of
subsistence. A retired life was best suited to my circumstances, with a single female
servant. I passed my hours in lamenting, not an indigence, which I bore patiently, but
the absence of a beloved husband, of whom I received no accounts. He had indeed
pledged himself, in the melancholy moments of our parting, to be punctual in
acquainting me with his destiny, to whatever part of the world his evil star might
conduct him. And yet seven years roiled on without my hearing of him. My suspense
respecting his fate afflicted me most deeply. At last I heard of his falling in battle,
under the Portuguese banner, in the kingdom of Fez. A man newly returned from
Africa brought me the account, with the assurance that he had been well acquainted
with Don Alvar de Mello; had served with him in the army, and had seen him drop in
the action. To this narrative of facts he added several collateral circumstances, which
left me no room to doubt of my husband's premature death.
About this time Don Ambrosio Mesia Carillo, Marquis de la Guardia, arrived
at Valladolid. He was one of those elderly noblemen who, with that good breeding
acquired by long experience in courts, throw their years into the background, and
retain the faculty of making themselves agreeable to our sex. One day he happened by

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accident to hear the story of Don Alvar; and, from the part I bore in it and the
description of my person, there arose a desire of being better acquainted. To satisfy
his curiosity, he made interest with one of my relations to invite me to her house. The
gentleman was one of the party. This first interview made not the less impression on
his heart for the traces of sorrow which were too obvious on my countenance. He was
touched by its melancholy and languishing expression, which gave him a favourable
forecast of my constancy. Respect, rather than any warmer sentiment, might perhaps
be the inspirer of his wishes. For he told me more than once what a miracle of good
faith he considered me, and my husband's fate as enviable in this respect, however
lamentable in others. In a word, he was struck with me at first sight, and did not wait
for a review of my pretensions, but at once took the resolution of making me his wife.
The intervention of my kinswoman was adopted as the means of inducing me
to accept his proposal. She paid me a visit; and in the course of conversation, pleaded,
that as my husband had submitted to the decree of Providence in the kingdom of Fez,
according to very credible accounts, it was no longer rational to coop up my charms. I
had shed tears enough over a man to whom I had been united but for a few moments
as it were, and I ought to avail myself of the present offer, and had nothing to do but
to step into happiness at once. In furtherance of these arguments, she set forth the old
marquis's pedigree, his wealth, and high character: but in vain did her eloquence
expatiate on his endowments, for I was not to be moved. Not that my mind misgave
me respecting Don Alvar's death; nor that the apprehension of his sudden and
unwelcome appearance hereafter, checked my inclinations. My little liking, or rather
my extreme repugnance, to a second marriage, after the sad issue of the first, was the
sole obstacle opposed to my relation's urgency. Neither was she disheartened: on the
contrary, her zeal for Don Ambrosio resorted to endless stratagems. All my family
were pressed into the old lord's service. So beneficial a match was not to be trifled
with! They were eternally besetting, dunning, and tormenting me. In fact, my
despondency, which increased from day to day, contributed not a little to my yielding.
As there was no getting rid of him, I gave way to their eager suit, and was
wedded to the Marquis de la Guardia. The day after the nuptials, we went to a very
fine castle of his near Burgos, between Grajal and Rodillas. He conceived a violent
love for me: the desire of pleasing was visible in all his actions: the anticipation of my
slenderest wishes was his earliest and his latest study. No husband ever regarded his
wife more tenderly, no lover could pour forth more devotion to his mistress. Nor
would it have been possible for me to steel my heart against a return of passion,
though our ages were so disproportioned, had not every soft sentiment been buried in
Don Alvar's grave. But the avenues of a constant heart are barred against a second
inmate. The memory of my first husband threw a damp on all the kind efforts of the
second. Mere gratitude was a cold retribution for such tenderness; but it was all I had
to give.
Such was my temper of mind, when, taking the air one day at a window in my
apartment, I perceived a peasant-looking man in the garden, viewing me with fixed
attention. He appeared to be a common labourer. The circumstance soon passed out of
my thoughts; but the next day, having again taken my station at the window, I saw
him on the self-same spot, and again found myself the object of his eager gaze. This
seemed strange! I looked at him in my turn; and, after an attentive scrutiny, thought I
could trace the features of the unhappy Don Alvar. This seeming visit from the tombs
roused all the dormant agony of my soul, and extorted from me a piercing scream.
Happily, I was then alone with Inès, who of all my women engaged the largest share
of my confidence. I told her what surmise had so agitated my spirits. She only laughed

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at the idea, and took it for granted that a slight resemblance had imposed on my fancy.
Take courage, madam, said she, and do not be afraid of seeing your first husband.
What likelihood is there of his being here in the disguise of a peasant? Is it even
within the reach of credibility that he is yet alive? However, I will go down into the
garden, and talk with this rustic. I will answer for finding out who be is, and will
return in all possible haste with my intelligence. Inès ran on her errand like a lapwing;
but soon returned to my apartment with a face of mingled astonishment and emotion.
Madam, exclaimed she, your conjecture is but too well grounded; it is indeed Don
Alvar whom you have seen; he made himself known at once, and pleads for a private
interview.
As I had the means of admitting Don Alvar instantaneously, by the absence of
the Marquis at Burgos, I commissioned my waiting-maid to introduce him into my
closet by a private staircase. Well may you imagine the hurry and agitation of my
spirits. How could I support the presence of a man, who was entitled to overwhelm
me with reproaches? I fainted at his very foot-fall as he entered. They were about me
in a moment -- he as well as Inès; and when they had recovered me from my swoon,
Don Alvar said -- Madam, for heaven's sake, compose yourself. My presence shall
never be the cause of pain to you; nor would I for the world expose you to the
slightest anxiety. I am no savage husband, come to account with you for a sacred
pledge; nor do I impute to criminal motives the second contract you have formed. I
am well aware that it was owing to the importunity of your friends; your persecutions
from that quarter are not unknown to me. Besides, the report of my death was current
in Valladolid; and you had so much the more reason to give it credit, as no letter from
me gave you any assurance to the contrary. In short, I am no stranger to your habits of
life since our cruel separation; and know that necessity, not lightness of heart, has
thrown you into the arms Ah! sir, interrupted I with sobs, why will you make excuses
for your unworthy wife? She is guilty, since you survive. Why am I not still in the
forlorn state in which I languished before my marriage with Don Ambrosio? Fatal
nuptials! -- alas! but for these, I should at least have had the consolation in my
wretchedness of seeing the object of my first vows again without a blush.
My dear Mencia, replied Don Alvar, with a look which marked how deeply he
was penetrated by my contrition, I make no complaint of you; and far from upbraiding
you with your present prosperity, as heaven is my witness, I return it thanks for the
favours it has showered on you. Since the sad day of my departure from Valladolid,
my own fate has ever been adverse. My life has been but a tissue of misfortune; and,
as a surcharge of evil destiny, I had no means of letting you hear from me. Too secure
in your affection, I could neither think nor dream but of the condition to which my
fatal love might have reduced you. Donna Mencia in tears was the lovely, but killing
spectre that haunted me; of all my miseries, your dear idea was the most acute. Some
times, I own, I felt remorse for the transporting crime of having pleased you. I wished
you had lent an ear to the suit of some happier rival, since the preference with which
you had honoured me was to fall so cruelly on your own head. To cut short my
melancholy tale -- after seven years of suffering, more enamoured than ever, I
determined to see you once again. The impulse was not to be resisted; and the
expiration of a long slavery having furnished me with the power of giving way to it, I
have been at Valladolid under this disguise at the hazard of a discovery. There, I
learned the whole story. I then came to this castle, and found the means of admission
into the gardener's service, who has engaged me as a labourer. Such was my stratagem
to obtain this private interview. But do not suppose me capable of blasting, by my
continuance here, the happiness of your future days. I love you better than my own

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life; I have no consideration but for your repose; and it is my purpose, after thus
unburdening my heart, to finish in exile the sacrifice of an existence which has lost its
value since no longer to be devoted to your service.
No, Don Alvar, no, exclaimed I at these words; you shall never quit me a
second time. I will be the companion of your wanderings; and death only shall divide
us from this hour. Take my advice, replied he, live with Don Ambrosio; unite not
yourself with my miseries, but leave me to stand under their undivided weight. These
and other such entreaties he used; but the more willing he seemed to sacrifice himself
to my welfare, the less did I feel disposed to take advantage of his generosity. When
he saw me resolute in my determination to follow him, he all at once changed his
tone; and assuming an aspect of more satisfaction, Madam, said he, since you still
love Don Alvar well enough to prefer adversity with him before your present ease and
affluence, let us then take up our abode at Betancos, in the interior of Galicia. There I
have a safe retreat. Though my misfortunes may have stripped me of all my effects,
they have not alienated all my friends; some are yet faithful, and have furnished me
with the means of carrying you off. With their help I have hired a carriage at Zamora;
have bought mules and horses, and am accompanied by perhaps the three boldest of
the Galicians. They are armed with carabines and pistols, waiting my orders at the
village of Rodillas. Let us avail ourselves of Don Ambrosio's absence. I will send the
carriage to the castle gate, and we will set out without loss of time. I consented. Don
Alvar flew towards Rodillas, and shortly returned with his escort. My women, from
the midst of whom I was carried off, not knowing what to think of this violent
proceeding, made their escape in great terror. Inès only was in the secret; but she
would not link her fate with mine, on account of a love affair with Don Ambrosio's
favourite man.
I got into the carriage, therefore, with Don Alvar, taking nothing with me but
my clothes and some jewels of my own before my second marriage; for I could not
think of appropriating any presents of the Marquis. We travelled in the direction of
Galicia, without knowing if we should be lucky enough to reach it. We had reason to
fear Don Ambrosio's pursuit on his return, and that we should be overtaken by
superior numbers. We went forward for two days without any alarm, and in the hope
of being equally fortunate the third, had got into a very quiet conversation. Don Alvar
was relating the melancholy adventure which had occasioned the rumour of his death,
and how he recovered his freedom, after five years of slavery, when yesterday we met
upon the Leon road the banditti you were with. He it was whom they killed with all
his attendants, and it is for him the tears flow, which you see me shedding at this
moment.

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 GIL BLAS

CH. XII. -- A disagreeable interruption.

DONNA MENCIA melted into tears as she finished this recital. I allowed her
to give a free passage to her sighs; I even wept myself for company, so natural is it to
be interested for the afflicted, and especially for a lovely female in distress. I was just
going to ask her what she meant to do in the present conjuncture, and possibly she
was going to consult me on the same subject if our conversation had not been
interrupted; but we heard a great noise in the inn, which drew our attention whether
we would or no. It was no less than the arrival of the corregidor, attended by two
alguazils and their marshalmen. They came into the room where we were. A young
gentleman in their train came first up to me, and began taking to pieces the different
articles of my dress. He had no occasion to examine them long. By Saint James,
exclaimed he, this is my identical doublet! It is the very thing, and as safely to be
challenged as my horse. You may commit this spark on my recognizance; he is one of
the gang who have an undiscovered retreat in this country.
At this discourse, which gave me to understand my accuser to be the
gentleman robbed, whose spoils to my confusion were exclusively my own, I was
without a word to say for myself, looking one way and the other, and not knowing
where to fix my eyes. The corregidor, whose office was suspicion, set me down for
the culprit; and, presuming on the lady for an accomplice, ordered us into separate
custody. This magistrate was none of your stem gallows-preaching fellows, he had a
jocular epigrammatic sort of countenance. God knows if his heart lay in the right
place for all that! As soon as I was committed, in came he with his pack. They knew
their trade, and began by searching me. What a forfeit to these lords of the manor! At
every handful of pistoles, what little eyes did I see them make! The corregidor was
absolutely out of his wits! It was the best stroke within the memory of justice! My
pretty lad, said his Worship with a softened tone, we only do our duty, but do not you
tremble for your bones before the time: you will not be broken on the wheel if you do
not deserve it. These blood-suckers were emptying my pockets all the time with their
cursed palaver, and took from me what their betters of the shades below had the
decency to leave - - my uncle's forty ducats. They stuck at nothing! Their staunch
fingers, with slow but certain scent, routed me out from top to toe; they whisked me
round and round, and stripped me even to the shame of modesty, for fear some
sneaking portrait of the king should slink between my shirt and skin. When they could
sift me no further, the corregidor thought it time to begin his examination. I told a
plain tale. My deposition was taken down; and the sequel was, that he carried in his
train his bloodhounds, and my little property, leaving me to toss without a rag upon a
beggarly wisp of straw.
Oh the miseries of human life! groaned I, when I found myself in this
merciless and solitary condition. Our adventures here are whimsical, and out of all
time and tune. From my first outset from Oviedo, I had got into a pleasant round of
difficulties; hardly had I worked myself out of one danger, before I soused into
another. Coming into town here, how could I expect the honour of the corregidor's
acquaintance? While thus communing with my own thoughts, I got once more into the
cursed doublet and the rest of the paraphernalia which had got me into such a scrape;
then plucking up a little courage, never mind, Gil Blas, thought I, do not be chicken-
hearted. What is a prison above- ground, after so brimstone a snuffle as thou hast had
of the regions below? But, alas! I hallo before I am out of the wood! I am in more
experienced hands than those of Leonarda and Domingo. My key will not open this

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grate! I might well say so, for a prisoner without money is like a bird with its wings
clipt; one must be in full feather to flutter out of distance from these gaol-birds.
But we left a partridge and a young rabbit on the spit! How they got off I know
not; but my supper was a bit of sallow- complexioned bread, with a pitcher of water to
render it amenable to mastication! and thus was I destined to bite the bridle in my
dungeon. A fortnight was pretty well without seeing a soul but my keeper, who had
orders that I should want for nothing in the bread and water way! Whenever he made
his appearance I was inclined to be sociable, and to parley a little to get rid of the blue
devils; but this majestic minister was above reply, he was mum! he scarcely trusted
his eyes but to see that I did not slip by him. On the sixteenth day, the corregidor
strutted in to this tune -- You are a lucky fellow! I have news for you. The lady is
packed off for Burgos. She came under my examination before her departure, and her
answers went to your exculpation. You will be at large this very day if your carrier
from Pegnaflor to Cacabelos agrees in the same tale. He is now in Astorga. I have sent
for him, and expect him here; if he confirms the story of the torture, you are your own
master.
At these words I was ready to jump out of my skin for joy. The business was
settled! I thanked the magistrate for the abridgment of justice with which he had
deigned to favour me, and was getting to the fag end of my compliment, when the
muleteer arrived, with an attendant before and behind. I knew the fellow's face; but
he, having as a matter of course sold my cloak-bag with the contents, from a deep-
rooted affection to the money which the sale had brought, swore lustily that he had no
acquaintance with me, and had never seen me in the whole course of his life. Oh! you
villain, exclaimed I, go down on your knees and own that you have sold my clothes.
Prythee, have some regard to truth! Look in my face; am not I one of those shallow
young fellows whom you had the wit to threaten with the rack in the corporate town
of Cacabelos? The muleteer turned upon his toe, and protested he had not the honour
of my acquaintance. As he persisted in his disavowal, I was recommitted for further
examination. Patience once more! It was only reducing feasts and fasts to the level of
bread and water, and regaling the only sense I had the means of using with the sight of
my tongue-tied warden. But when I reflected how little innocence would avail to
extricate me from the clutches of the law, the thought was death; I panted for my
subterraneous paradise. Take it for all in all, said I, there were fewer grievances than
in this dungeon. I was hail fellow well met with the banditti! I bandied about my jokes
with the best of them, and lived on the sweet hope of an escape; whereas my
innocence here will only be a passport to the galleys.

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 GIL BLAS

CH. XIII. -- The lucky means by which Gil Blas escaped from prison, and his
travels afterwards.
WHILE I passed the hours in tickling my fancy with my own gay thoughts,
my adventures, word for word, as I had set my hand to them, were current about the
town. The people wanted to make a show of me! One after another, there they came,
peeping in at a little window of my prison, not too capacious of daylight; and when
they had looked about them, off they went! This raree show was a novelty. Since my
commitment, there had not been a living creature at that window, which looked into a
court where silence and horror kept guard. This gave me to understand that I was
become the town-talk, and I knew not whether to divine good or evil from the omen.
One of my first visitors was the little chorister of Mondognedo, who had a
fellow-feeling with me for the rack, and an equally light pair of heels. I knew him at
once, and he had no qualms about acknowledging me as an acquaintance. We
exchanged a kind greeting, then compared notes since our separation. I was obliged to
relate my adventures in due form and order. The chorister, on his part, told me what
had happened in the inn at Cacabelos, between the muleteer and the bride, after we
had taken to our heels in a panic. Then with a friendly assurance at parting, he
promised to leave no stone unturned for my release. His companions of mere curiosity
testified their pity for my misfortune; assuring me that they would lend a helping hand
to the little chorister, and do their utmost to procure my freedom.
They were no worse than their word. The corregidor was applied to in my
favour, who, no longer doubtful of my innocence, above all when he had heard the
chorister's story, came three weeks afterwards into my cell. Gil Blas, said he, I never
stand shilly- shally: begone, you are free; you may take yourself off whenever you
please. But, tell me, if you were carried to the forest, could you not discover the
subterraneous retreat? No, sir, replied I: as I only entered in the night, and made my
escape before day-break, it would be impossible to fix upon the spot. Thereupon the
magistrate withdrew, assuring me that the gaoler should be ordered to give me free
egress. In fact, the very next moment the turnkey came into my dungeon, followed by
one of his outriding establishment with a bundle of clothes under his arm. They both
of them stripped me with the utmost solemnity, and without uttering a single syllable,
of my doublet and breeches, which had the honour to be made of a bettermost cloth
almost new; then, having rigged me in an old frock, they shoved me out of their
hospitable mansion by the shoulders.
The taking I was in to see myself so ill equipped, acted as a cooler to the usual
transport of prisoners at recovering their liberty. I was tempted to escape from the
town without delay, that I might withdraw from the gaze of the people, whose prying
eyes I could not encounter but with pain. My gratitude, however, got the better of my
diffidence. I went to thank the little chorister, to whom I was so much obliged. He
could not help chuckling when he saw me. That is your trim, is it? said he. As far as I
see, you cannot complain that your case has not been sifted to the bottom. I have
nothing to say against the laws of my country, replied I; they are as just as need be. I
only wish their officers would take after them! They might have spared me my suit of
clothes: I have paid for them over and over again. I am quite of your mind, rejoined
he; but they would tell you that these are little formalities of old standing, which
cannot be dispensed with. What! you are foolish enough to suppose, for instance, that
your horse has been restored to its right owner? Not a word of it, if you please: the
beast is at this present in the stables of the register, where it has been impounded as a
witness to be brought into court: if the poor gentleman comes off with the crupper, he

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will be so much in pocket. But let us change the subject. What is your plan? What do
you mean to do with yourself? I have an inclination, said I, to take the road for
Burgos. I may light on my rescued lady; she will give me a little ready cash: I shall
then buy a new short cassock, and betake myself to Salamanca, where I shall see what
I can make of my Latin. All my trouble is, how to get to Burgos: one must live on the
road. I understand you, replied he. Take my purse: it is rather thinly lined, to be sure;
but you know a chorister's dividends are not like a bishop's. At the same time he drew
it from his pouch, and inserted it between my hands with so good a grace, that I could
not do otherwise than accept it, for want of a better. I thanked him as though he had
made me a present of a gold mine, and tendered him a thousand promises of
recompense, to be duly honoured and punctually paid at doom's-day. With this I left
him, and skulked out of the town, not paying my respects to my other benefactors; but
giving them a thousand blessings from my heart.
The little chorister had reason for speaking modestly of his purse, it was not
orthodox. By good luck, I had been used for these two months to a very slender diet,
and had still a little small change left when I reached Ponte de Mula, not far from
Burgos. I halted there to inquire after Donna Mencia. The hostess of the inn I put up at
was a little withered, spiteful, emaciated bit of mortality. I saw at a glance, by the
mouths she made at me aside, that my frock did not hit her fancy; and I thought it a
proof of her taste. So I sat myself down at a table; ate bread and cheese, and drank a
few glasses of execrable wine, such as innkeepers technically call cassecoquin.
During this meal, which was of a piece with the outward appearance of the guest, I
did my utmost to come to closer quarters with my landlady. Did she know the
Marquis de la Guardia? Was his castle far out of town? Above all, what was become
of my lady marchioness? You ask many questions in a breath, replied she, bridling
with disdain. But I got out of her, though by hard pumping, that Don Ambrosio's
castle was but a short league from Ponte de Mula.
After I had done eating and drinking, as it was night, I thought it natural to go
to bed, and asked for my room. A room for you! shrieked my landlady, darting at me
a glance of contempt and pride; I have no rooms for fellows who make their supper on
a bit of cheese. All my beds are bespoke. There are people of fashion expected, and
our accommodations are all kept for them. But I will not be unchristian: you may lie
in my barn: I suppose your soft skin will not be incommoded by the feel of straw. She
spoke truth without knowing it. I took it all in silence, and slunk to my roosting-place,
where I fell asleep like a man, the excess of whose labours are his ready passport to
the blessings of repose.

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 GIL BLAS

CH. XIV. -- Donna Mencia's reception of him at Burgos.

I WAS no sluggard, but got up the next morning betimes. I paid my bill to the
landlady, who was already stirring, and seemed a little less lofty and in better humour
than the evening before; a circumstance I attributed to the endeavours of three kind
guardsmen belonging to the holy brotherhood. These gentlemen had slept in the inn:
they were evidently on a very intimate footing with the hostess: and doubtless it was
for guests of such note that all the beds were bespoke.
I inquired in the town my way to the castle where I wanted to present my. self.
By accident I made up to a man not unlike my landlord at Pegnaflor. He was not
satisfied with answering my question to the point; but informed me that Don
Ambrosio had been dead three weeks, and the marchioness his lady had taken the
resolution of retiring to a convent at Burgos, which he named. I proceeded
immediately towards that town, instead of taking the road to the castle, as I had first
meant to do, and flew at once to the place of Donna Mencia's retreat. I besought the
attendant at the turning-box to tell that lady that a young man just discharged from
prison at Astorga wanted to speak with her. The nun went on the message
immediately. On her return, she showed me into a parlour, where I did not wait long
before Don Ambrosio's widow appeared at the grate in deep mourning.
You are welcome, said the lady. Four days ago I wrote to a person at Astorga,
to pay you a visit as from me, and to tell you to come and see me the moment you
were released from prison. I had no doubt of your being discharged shortly: what I
told the corregidor in your exculpation was enough for that. An answer was brought
that you had been set at liberty, but that no one knew what was become of you. I was
afraid of not seeing you any more, and losing the pleasure of expressing my gratitude.
Never mind, added she, observing my confusion at making my appearance in so
wretched a garb; your dress is of very little consequence. After the important services
you have rendered me, I should be the most ungrateful of my sex, if I were to do
nothing for you in return. I undertake, therefore, to better your condition: it is my
duty, and the means are in my power. My fortune is large enough to pay my debt of
obligation to you, without putting myself to inconvenience.
You know, continued she, my story up to the time when we both were
committed to prison. I will now tell you what has happened to me since. When the
corregidor at Astorga had sent me to Burgos, after having heard from my own lips a
faithful recital of my adventures, I presented myself at the castle of Ambrosio. My
return thither excited extreme surprise: but they told me that it was too late; the
marquis, as if he had been thunderstruck at my flight, fell sick; and the physicians
despaired of his recovery. Here was a new incident in the melancholy tragedy of my
fate. Yet I ordered my arrival to be announced. The next moment I ran into his
chamber, and threw myself on my knees by his bedside, with a face running down
with tears and a heart oppressed with the most lively sorrow. Who sent for you hither?
said he as soon as he saw me; are you come to contemplate your own contrivance?
Was it not enough to have deprived me of life? But was it necessary to satisfy your
heart's desire, to be an eye-witness of my death? My lord, replied I, Inès must have
told you that I fled with my first husband; and, had it not been for the sad accident
which has taken him from me for ever, you never would have seen me more. At the
same time, I acquainted him that Don Alvar had been killed by banditti, whose
captive I had consequently been in a subterraneous dungeon. After relating the
particulars of my story to the end, Don Ambrosio held out to me his hand. It is
enough, said he affectionately, I will make no more complaints. Alas! Have I in fact

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any right to reproach you? You were thrown once more in the way of a beloved
husband; and gave me up to follow his fortunes: can I blame such an instance of your
affection? No, madam, it would have been vain to resist the will of fate. For that
reason I gave orders not to pursue you. In my rival himself I could not but respect the
sacred rights with which he was invested, and even the impulse of your flight seemed
to have been communicated by some superior power. To close all with an act of
justice, and in the spirit of reconciliation, your return hither has re-established you
completely in my affection. Yes, my dear Mencia, your presence fills me with joy:
but, alas! I shall not long be sensible to it. I feel my last hour to be at hand. No sooner
are you restored to me, than I must bid you an eternal farewell. At these touching
expressions, my tears flowed in torrents. I felt and expressed as much affliction as the
human heart is capable of containing. I question whether Don Alvar's death, doting on
him as I did, had cost me more bitter lamentations. Don Ambrosio had given way to
no mistaken presage of his death, which happened on the following day; and I
remained mistress of a considerable jointure, settled on me at our marriage. But I shall
take care to make no unworthy use of it. The world shall not see me, young as I still
am, wantoning in the arms of a third husband. Besides that such levity seems
irreconcilable with the feelings of any but the profligate of our sex, I will frankly own
the relish of life to be extinct in me; so that I mean to end my days in this convent, and
to become a benefactress to it.
Such was Donna Mencia's discourse about her future plans. She then drew a
purse from beneath her robe, and put it into my hands, with this address: Here are a
hundred ducats simply to furnish out your wardrobe. That done, come and see me
again. I mean not to confine my gratitude within such narrow bounds. I returned her a
thousand thanks, and promised solemnly not to quit Burgos, without taking leave of
her. Having given this pledge, which I had every inclination to redeem, I went to look
out for some house of entertainment. Entering the first I met with, I asked for a room.
To parry the ill opinion my frock might convey of my finances, I told the landlord
that, however appearances might be against me, I could pay for my night's lodging as
well as a better dressed gentleman. At this speech, the landlord, whose name was
Majuelo, a great banterer in a coarse way, running over me with his eyes from top to
toe, answered with a cool, sarcastic grin, that there was no need of any such
assurance; it was evident I should pay my way liberally, for he discovered something
of nobility through my disguise, and had no doubt but I was a gentle man in very easy
circumstances. I saw plainly that the rascal was laughing at me; and, to stop his
humour before it became too convulsive, gave him a little insight into the state of my
purse. I went so far as to count over my ducats on a table before him, and perceived
my coin to have inclined him to a more respectful judgment. I begged the favour of
him to send for a tailor. A broker would be better, said he; he will bring all sorts of
apparel, and you will be dressed up out of hand. I approved of this advice, and
determined to follow it; but, as the day was on the point of closing, I put off my
purchase till the morrow, and thought only of getting a good supper, to make amends
for the miserable fare I had taken up with since my escape from the forest.

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 GIL BLAS

CH. XV. -- Gil Blas dresses himself to more advantage, and receives a second
present from the lady. His equipage on setting out from Burgos.
THEY served me up a plentiful fricassee of sheep's trotters, almost the whole
of which I demolished. My drinking kept pace with my eating: and when I could stuff
no longer, I went to bed. I lay comfortably enough, and was in hopes that a sound
sleep would have the kindness without delay to commit a friendly invasion on my
senses. But I could not close an eye for ruminating on the dress I should choose. What
shall I do, thought I? Shall I follow my first plan? Shall I buy a short cassock, and go
to Salamanca to set up for a tutor? Why should I adopt the costume of a licentiate?
For the purpose of going into orders? Do I feel an inward call? No? If I have any call,
it is quite the contrary way. I had rather wear a sword than an apron: and push my
fortune in this world, before I think of the next.
I made up my mind to take on myself the appearance of a gentleman. Waiting
for the day with the greatest impatience, its first dawn no sooner greeted my eyes,
than I got up. I made such an uproar in the inn, as to wake the most inveterate sleeper,
and called the servants out of bed, who returned my salute with a volley of curses. But
they found themselves under a necessity of stirring, and I let them have no rest till
they had sent for a broker. The gentleman soon made his appearance, followed by two
lads, each lugging in a great bundle of green cloth. He accosted me very civilly, to the
following effect: Honoured sir, you are a happy man to have been recommended to
me rather than any one else. I do not mean to give my brethren an ill word: God forbid
I should offer the slightest injury to their reputation! They have none to spare. But,
between ourselves, there is not one of them that has any bowels; they are more
extortionate than the Israelites. There is not a broker but myself that has any moral
sense. I keep within the bounds of a reasonable profit. I am satisfied with a pound in
the penny; -- no, no! -- that is wrong: -- with a penny in the pound. Thanks to heaven,
I get forward fair and softly in the world.
The broker, after this preface, which I, like a fool, took for chapter and verse,
told his journeymen to undo their bundles. They showed me suits of every colour in
the rainbow, and exposed to sale a great choice of plain cloths. These I threw aside
with contempt, as thinking them too undrest; but they made me try on one which
fitted me as well as if I had been measured for it, and just hit my fancy, though it was
a little the worse for wear. It was a doublet with slashed sleeves, with breeches and a
cloak, the whole of blue velvet with a gold embroidery. I felt a little hankering after
this particular article, and attempted to beat down the price. The broker, who saw my
inclination, told me I had a very correct taste. By all that is sacred! exclaimed he, it is
plain you are no younker. Take this with you! That dress was made for one of the first
nobility in the kingdom, and has not been on his back three times. Look at the velvet;
feel it: nothing can be richer or of a better colour; and for the embroidery, come now!
tell truth: did you ever see better workmanship? What is the price of it? said I. Only
sixty ducats, replied he. I have refused the money, or else I am a liar. The alternative
could not fail in one proposition or the other. I bid five and forty: two or three and
twenty would have been nearer the mark. My worthy master, said the broker coolly, I
never ask too much. I have but one price. But here, added he, holding up the suits I
had thrown aside; take these: I can afford to sell them a better bargain. All this only
inflamed my eagerness to buy what I was cheapening; and as I had no idea that he
would have made any abatement, I paid him down sixty ducats. When he saw how
easily a fool and his money were parted, I verily believe that in spite of the moral
sense, he heartily repented not having taken a hint from the extortionate Israelite. But

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reconciling himself as well as he could to the small profit, to which he professed to

confine himself, of a pound upon a penny, he retreated with his journeymen. I was not
suffered to forget that they must have something for their trouble.
I had now a cloak, a doublet, and a very decent pair of breeches. The rest of
my wardrobe was to be thought of: and this took up the whole morning. I bought
some linen, a hat, silk stockings, shoes, and a sword; and concluded by putting on my
purchases. What pleasure was it to see myself so well accoutred! My eyes were never
cloyed, as it were, with the richness of my attire. Never did peacock look at his own
plumage with less philosophy. On that very day, I paid a second visit to Donna
Mencia, who received me with her usual affability. She thanked me over again for the
service I had rendered her. On that subject, rapid was the interchange of compliments.
Then, wishing every kind of success, she bade me farewell, and withdrew, without
giving me anything but a ring worth thirty pistoles, which she begged me to keep as a
remembrance.
I looked very foolish with my ring! I had reckoned on a much more
considerable present. Thus, little satisfied with the lady's bounty, I measured back my
steps in a very musing attitude: but as I entered the inn door, a man over took me, and
throwing off his wrapping cloak, discovered a large bag under his arm. At the vision
of the bag, apparently full of current coin, I stood gaping as did most of the company
present. The voice of angel or archangel could not have been sweeter, than when this
messenger of earthly dross, laying the bag upon the table, said: Signor Gil Blas, the
lady marchioness desires her compliments. I bowed the bearer out, with an
accumulation of fine speeches; and, as soon as his back was turned, pounced upon the
bag, like a hawk upon its quarry, and bore it between my talons to my chamber. I
untied it without loss of time, and the contents were; -- a thousand ducats! The
landlord who had overheard the bearer, came in just as I had done counting them, to
know what was in the bag. The sight of my riches displayed upon a table, struck him
in a very forcible manner. What the devil! here is a sum of money! So, so! you are the
man! pursued he with a waggish sort of leer, you know how to -- tickle the -- fancies
of the ladies! Four and twenty hours only have you been in Burgos, and
marchionesses, I warrant you, have surrendered at the first summons!
This discourse was not so much amiss. I was half inclined to leave Majuelo in
his error; for it flattered my vanity. I do not wonder young fellows are fond of passing
for men of gallantry. But as yet the purity of my morals was proof against the
suggestions of my pride. I undeceived my landlord, by telling him Donna Mencia's
story, to which he listened very attentively. Afterwards I let him into the state of my
affairs; and, as he seemed to take an interest in them, besought him to assist me with
his advice. He ruminated for some time; then said with a serious air: Master Gil Blas,
I have taken a liking to you; and since you are candid enough to open your heart to
me, I will tell you sincerely what I think would suit you best. You were evidently born
for a court life: I recommend you to go thither, and to get about the person of some
considerable nobleman. But make a point either of getting at his secrets, or
administering to his pleasures; unless you do that, it will be all lost time in his family.
I know the great: they reckon nothing upon the zeal and attachment of a real friend;
but only care for pimping sycophants. You have, besides, another string to your bow.
You are young, with an attractive person: parts out of the question, for they are not at
all times necessary, it is hard if you cannot turn the head of some rich widow, or
handsome wife with a broomstick for her husband. Love may ruin men of fortune; but
it makes amends by feathering the nests of those who have none. My vote, therefore,
is for Madrid: but you must not make your appearance there without an establishment.

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There, as elsewhere, people judge by the outside; and you will only be respected
according to the figure you make. I will find you a servant, a tried domestic, a prudent
lad; in a word, a fellow of my own creation. Buy a couple of mules; one for yourself,
the other for him: and set off as fast as you can.
This counsel was too palatable to be refused. On the day following I purchased
two fine mules, and bargained with my new servant. He was a young man of thirty, of
a very simple and godly appearance. He told me he was a native of Galicia, by name
Ambrose de Lamela. Other servants are selfish, and think they never can have wages
enough. This fellow assured me he was a man of few wants, and should be contented
with whatever I had the goodness to give him. I bought a pair of boots, with a
portmanteau to lock up my linen and my money. Having settled with my landlord, I
set out from Burgos the next morning before sun- rise, on my way to Madrid.

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CH. XVI. -- Showing that prosperity will slip through a man's fingers.
WE slept at Duengnas the first night, and reached Valladolid on the following
day, about four o'clock in the afternoon. We alighted at the inn of the most respectable
appearance in the town. I left the care of the mules to my fellow, and went up to a
room whither I ordered my portmanteau to be carried by a waiter. As I felt a little
weary, I threw myself on a couch in my boots, and fell asleep involuntarily. It was
almost night when I awoke. I called for Ambrose. He was not to be found in the
house; but made his appearance in a short time. I asked him where he had been: he
answered in his godly way, that he was just come from church, whither he went for
the purpose of thanksgiving, by reason that we had been graciously preserved from all
perils and dangers between Burgos and Valladolid. I commended his piety; and
ordered a chicken to be roasted for supper.
At the moment when I was giving this order, my landlord came into my room
with a light in his hand. That cursed candle served to introduce a lady, handsome, but
not young, and very richly attired. She leant upon an usher, none of the youngest, and
a little blackamoor was her train-bearer. I was under no small surprise when this fair
incognita, with a profound obeisance, begged to know if my name might happen to be
Signor Gil Blas of Santillane? I had no sooner blundered out yes, than she released
her sweet hand from the custody of the usher, and embraced me with a transport of
joy, of which I knew less and less what to make. Heaven be praised, cried she, for all
its mercies! You are he, noble sir, the very man of whom I was in quest. By this
introduction I was reminded of my friend the parasite at Pegnaflor, and was on the
point of suspecting the lady to be no better than an honest woman should be: but her
finale gave me a much higher opinion of her. I am, continued she, first cousin to
Donna Mencia de Mosquera, whom you have so greatly befriended. It was but this
morning I received a letter from her. She writes me word that having learnt your
intention of going to Madrid, she wished me to receive you hospitably on your
journey, if you went this way. For these two hours have I been parading the town.
From inn to inn have I gone to inform myself what strangers were in the house; and I
gathered from the landlord's description that you were most likely to have been my
cousin's deliverer. Since then I have found you out, you shall know by experience my
gratitude to the friends of my family, and especially to my dear cousin's hero. You
will take up your abode, if you please, at my house. Your accommodations will be
better. I wished to excuse myself; and told the lady that I could not be so troublesome:
but her importunities were more than a match for my modesty. A carriage was waiting
at the door of the inn to convey us. She saw my portmanteau taken care of with her
own eyes, because, as she justly observed, there were a great many light-fingered
gentry about Valladolid -- to be sure there were a great many light- fingered gentry
about Valladolid, as she justly observed! In short, I got into the carriage with her and
the old usher, and suffered myself to be carried off bodily from the inn, to the great
annoyance of the landlord, who saw himself thus weaned from all the little perquisites
he had reckoned on from my abode under his roof.
Our carriage, having rolled on some distance, stopped. We alighted at the door
of a handsome house, and went up-stairs into a well-furnished apartment, illuminated
by twenty or thirty wax candles. Several servants were in waiting, of whom the lady
inquired whether Don Raphael was come. They answered, No. She then addressed
herself to me: Signor Gil Blas, I am waiting for my brother's return from a country
seat of ours, about two leagues distant. What an agreeable surprise will it be to him to
find a man under his roof to whom our family is so much indebted! At the very

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moment she had finished this pretty speech we heard a noise, and were informed at
the same time that it was occasioned by the arrival of Don Raphael. This spark soon
made his appearance. He was a young man of portly figure and genteel manners. I am
in ecstacy to see you back again, brother, said the lady; you will assist me in doing the
honours to Signor Gil Blas of Santillane. We can never do enough to show our sense
of his kindness to our kinswoman, Donna Mencia. Here, read this letter I have just
received. Don Raphael opened the envelope, and read aloud as follows:
My dear Camilla, Signor Gil Blas of Santillane, the saviour of my honour and
my life, has just set out for court. He will of course pass through Valladolid. I conjure
you by our family connection, and still more by our indissoluble friendship, to give
him an hospitable reception, and to detain him for some time as your guest. I flatter
myself that you will so far oblige me, and that my deliverer will receive every kind of
polite attention from yourself, and my cousin, Don Raphael. Your affectionate cousin,
DONNA MENCIA.
Burgos.
What! cried Don Raphael, casting his eyes again over the letter, is it to this
gentleman my kinswoman owes her honour and her life? Then heaven be praised for
this happy meeting. With this sort of language, he advanced to wards me; and
squeezing me tightly in his arms: What joy to me is it, added he, to have the honour of
seeing Signor Gil Blas of Santillane! My cousin the marchioness had no need to press
the hospitality. Had she only told us simply that you were passing through Valladolid,
that would have been enough. My sister Camilla and I shall be at no loss how to
conduct ourselves towards a young gentleman who has conferred an obligation, not to
be repaid, on her of all our family most tenderly beloved by us. I made the best
answer I could to these speeches, which were followed by many others of the same
kind, and interlarded with a thousand bows and scrapes. But Lord bless me, he has his
boots on! The servants were ordered in, to take them ofF.
We next went into another room, where the cloth was lain. Down we sat at
table, the brother, sister, and myself. They paid me a hundred compliments during
supper. Not a word escaped me, but they magnified it into an admirable hit! It was
impossible not to observe the assiduity with which they both helped me out of every
dish. Don Raphael often pledged me to Donna Mencia's health. I could not refuse the
challenge; and it looked a little as if Camilla, who was a very good companion, ogled
at me with no questionable meaning. I even thought I could perceive that she watched
her opportunity, as if she was afraid of being detected by her brother. An oracle could
not have convinced me more firmly that the lady was caught; and I looked forward to
a little delicate amusement from the discovery, during the short time I was to stay at
Valladolid. That hope was my tempter to comply with the request they made me, of
condescending to pass a few days with them. They thanked me kindly for indulging
them with my company; and Camilla's restrained, but visible transport, confirmed me
in the opinion that I was not altogether disagreeable in her eyes.
Don Raphael, finding I had made up my mind to be his guest for a few days,
proposed to take me to his country house. The description of it was magnificent, and
the round of amusements he meditated for me was not to be described. At one time,
said he, we will take the diversion of the chase, at another that of fishing; and
whenever you have a mind for a saunter, we have charming woods and gardens. In
addition, we shall have agreeable society. I flatter myself you will not find the time
hang heavy on your hands. I accepted the invitation, and it was agreed that we should
go to this fine country house the following day. We rose from the table with this
pleasant scheme in our mouths. Don Raphael seemed in ecstacy. Signor Gil Blas, said

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he, embracing me, I leave you with my sister. I am going presently to give the
necessary orders, and send invitations round to the families I wish to be of the party.
With these words he sallied forth from the room where we were sitting. I went on
chatting with the lady, whose topics of discourse did not bely the glances of her
expressive eyes. She took me by the hand, and playing with my ring, You have a
mighty pretty brilliant there, said she, but it is small. Are you a judge of jewellery? I
answered, no! I am sorry for that, resumed she, because I was in hopes you could have
told me what this is worth. As she uttered these words, she showed me a large ruby on
her finger; and, while I was looking at it, said -- An uncle of mine, who was governor
of the Spanish settlements in the Philippine isles, gave me this ruby. The jewellers at
Valladolid value it at three hundred pistoles. It cannot be worth less, said I, for it is
evidently a very fine stone. Why, then, since you have taken a fancy to it, replied she,
an exchange is no robbery. In a twinkling she whisked off my ring, and placed her
own on my little finger. After this exchange, a genteel way enough of making a
present, Camilla pressed my hand and gazed at me with expressive tenderness; then,
all at once breaking off the conversation, wished me good night, and re tired to hide
her blushes, as if she had been ready to sink at the indiscreet avowal of her
sentiments.
No one hitherto had trod less in the paths of gallantry than myself! Yet I could
not shut my eyes to the vista vision opened to me by this precipitate retreat. Under
these circumstances, a country excursion might have its charms. Full of this flattering
idea, and intoxicated with the prosperous condition of my affairs, I locked myself into
my bed-room, after having told my servant to call me betimes in the morning. Instead
of going to sleep, I gave myself up to the agreeable reflections which my
portmanteau, snug upon the table, and my ruby excited in my breast. Heaven be
praised, thought I, though misfortunes have been my lot, I am unfortunate no longer.
A thousand ducats here, a ring of three hundred pistoles' value there! I am in cash for
a considerable time. In deed Majuelo was no flatterer, I see clearly. The ladies of
Madrid will take fire like touchwood, since the green sticks of Valladolid are so
inflammable. Then the kind regards of the generous Camilla arrayed themselves in all
their charms, and I tasted by anticipation the amusements Don Raphael was preparing
for me at his villa. In the mean while, amid so many images of pleasure, sleep was on
the watch to strew his poppies on my couch. As soon as I felt myself drowsy, I
undressed and went to bed.
The next morning, when I awoke, I found it rather late. It was odd enough that
my servant did not make his appearance, after such particular orders. Ambrose,
thought I to myself, my devout Ambrose is either at church, or abominably lazy this
morning. But I soon let go this opinion of him to take up a worse; for getting out of
bed, and seeing no portmanteau, I suspected him to have stolen it during the night. To
clear up my suspicions, I opened my chamber door, and called the religious rascal
over and over again. An old man answered, saying -- What is your pleasure, sir? All
your folks left my house before day-break. Your house! How now! exclaimed I; am I
not under Don Raphael's roof? I do not know the gentleman, said he. You are in a
ready-furnished lodging, and I am the landlord. Yesterday evening, an hour before
your arrival, the lady who supped with you came hither, and engaged this suite of
apartments for a nobleman of high rank, travelling incognito, as she called it. She paid
me beforehand. I was now in the secret. It was plain enough what sort of people
Camilla and Don Raphael were; and I conjectured that my servant, having wormed
himself into a complete knowledge of my concerns, had betrayed me to these
impostors. Instead of blaming myself for this sad accident, and considering that it

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could never have happened but for my indiscretion in so unnecessarily betraying my

confidence to Majuelo, I gave bad language to the poor harmless dame fortune, and
cursed my ill star in a hundred different formularies. The master of the ready-
furnished lodging, to whom I related the adventure, which perhaps was as much his as
mine, showed some little outward sensibility to my affliction. He lamented over me,
and protested he was deeply mortified that such a play should have been acted in his
house; but I verily believe, not withstanding his fine words, that he had an equal share
in the cheat with mine host at Burgos, to whom I have never denied the merit of so
ingenious an invention.

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CH. XVII. -- The measures Gil Blas took after the adventure of the ready-
furnished lodging.
AFTER the first transports of my grief were over, I began to consider, that
instead of giving way to remorse, I ought rather to bear up against my ill fate. I
summoned back my resolution, and, by way of comfort, said to myself as I was
dressing -- I am still in luck that the knaves have not carried off my clothes and what
little money I had in my pocket. I gave them some credit for being so considerate.
They had even been generous enough to leave me my boots, which I parted with to
the landlord for a third of their cost. At last I sallied out of the ready-furnished
lodging, unencumbered, heaven be praised, with baggage or attendance. The first
thing I did was to go and see if my mules were still at the inn where we alighted the
evening before. It was not to be supposed that Ambrose would have neglected a due
attention to them; and it would have been well for me if I had always taken such exact
measure of his character. I learned that he had not waited for the morning, but had
been careful to fetch them by over-night. Under the circumstances, satisfied I should
never see them again, any more than my portmanteau, I walked sulkily along the
streets, musing on the future plans I should adopt. I was tempted to go back to Burgos,
and once more have recourse to Donna Mencia; but, regarding this as an abuse of that
lady's goodness, and being aware, moreover, what a fool I should look like, I thought
it best to forego that idea. I made a vow too for the future to be on my guard against
women. I could have sent the chaste Susanna to the house of correction. From time to
time my ring caught my eye, it was a present from Camilla! and I was ready to burst
with anguish. Alas! thought I, I am no judge of jewellery, but I shall be, by experience
of these hucksters who exchange without a robbery. I need not go to a jeweller to be
told I am an ass! I can see my own face in my ruby.
Yet I did not neglect to know the truth respecting the value of my ring, and
showed it to a lapidary, who rated it at three ducats. At such an estimate, though as
much as I expected, I made a formal surrender to the devil, of the Philippine isles, the
governor and his niece; or rather, I only restored his own subjects to their lawful
sovereign. As I was going out of the lapidary's shop a young fellow brushed by me,
and on looking round, made a full stop. I could not recollect his name at first, though
his features were perfectly familiar to me. How now, Gil Blas, said he, are you
ashamed of an old acquaintance? or have two years so altered the son of Nunez the
barber, that you do not know him? Do not you recollect Fabricio, your townsman and
schoolfellow? How often have we kept, before Doctor Godinez, upon universals and
metaphysics!
These words did not flow so fast as my recollection, and we embraced with
mutual good will. Well, my friend, resumed he, I am overjoyed to meet with you.
Words fall short -- But how is this? Why, you look like -- as heaven is my judge, you
are dressed like a grandee! A gentleman's sword, silk stockings, a velvet doublet and
cloak, embroidered with silver! Plague take it! this is getting on in the world with a
vengeance. I will lay a wager you are in with some old monied harridan. You reckon
without your host, said I, my affairs are not so prosperous as you imagine. That will
not do for me, replied he, I know better things; but you have a mind to be close. And
that fine ruby on your finger, master Gil Blas, whence comes that, if I may be so
bold? It comes, quoth I, from an infernal jade. Fabricio, my dear Fabricio, far from
being point, quint, and quatorze with the ladies of Valladolid, you are to know, my
friend, that I am their complete bubble.

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I uttered these last words so ruefully, that Fabricio saw plainly that some trick
had been played upon me. He was anxious to learn why I was out of humour with the
lovely sex. I had no difficulty in satisfying his curiosity; but as the story was a long
one, and besides we had no mind to part in a hurry, we went into a coffee- house to be
a little more at ease. There I recounted to him, during breakfast, all that had happened
to me since my departure from Oviedo. My adventures he thought whimsical enough;
and testifying his sympathy in my present uneasy circumstances, added -- We must
make the best, my good lad, of all our misfortunes in this life. Is a man of parts in
distress? he waits patiently for better luck. Such an one, as Cicero truly observes,
never suffers himself to be humbled so low, as to forget that he is a man. For my own
part, that is just my character; in or out of favour there is no sinking me; I always float
on the surface of ill-luck. For example, I was in love with a girl of some family at
Oviedo, and was beloved by her in return. I asked her of her father in marriage, he
refused. Many a young fellow would have died of grief; but no! mark my spirit, I
carried off the little baggage. She was lively, heedless, and coquettish: pleasure
consequently was always uppermost to the prejudice of duty. I took her with me for
six months backwards and forwards about Galicia; thence, adopting my taste for
travelling, she had a mind to go to Portugal, but in other company -- more food for
despair. Yet I did not give in under the weight of this new affliction; but, improving
on Menelaus, thought myself much obliged to the Paris who had whispered in the ear
of my Helen, for ridding me of a bad bargain; I therefore determined to keep the
peace. After that, not finding it convenient to return to the Asturias and balance
accounts with justice, I went forward into the kingdom of Leon, spending between
one town and another all the loose cash remaining from the rape of my Indian
princess; for we had both of us birdlimed our fingers at our departure from Oviedo. I
got to Palencia with a solitary ducat, out of which I was obliged to buy a pair of shoes.
The remainder would not go far. My situation became rather perplexing. I began
already to be reduced to short allowance; something must be done. I resolved to go
out to service. My first place was with a woollen-draper in a large way, whose son
was a lad of wit and fashion; here was a complete antidote to fasting, but then there
was a little awkwardness. The father ordered me to dog the son, the son begged my
assistance in imposing on the father; it was necessary to take one side or other.
Entreaties sound more musical than commands, and my taste for music got me turned
out of doors. The next service I entered into was with an old painter, who undertook,
as a matter of favour, to teach me the principles of his art; but he was so busy in
feeding me with knowledge, that he forgot to give me any meat. This neglect of
substance for shadow disgusted me with my abode at Palencia. I came to Valladolid,
where, by the greatest good luck in the world, I was hired by a governor of the
hospital; I am with him still, and delighted with my quarters. My master, Signor
Manuel Ordonnez, is a man of profound piety. He always walks with his eyes cast
downwards, and a large rosary in his hand. They say that from his early youth, having
been a close inspector of the poor, he has interested himself in their affairs with
unwearied zeal. Charity draws down a blessing on the charitable, everything has
prospered with him. What a favourite of heaven! The more he does for the poor, the
richer he grows.
As Fabricio was going on in this manner, I interrupted him. It is well you are
satisfied with your lot; but, between ourselves, surely you might play your part better
in the world. Do not you believe it, Gil Blas, replied he; be assured that for a man of
my temper a more agreeable situation could not possibly have been devised. The trade
of a lacquey is toilsome, to be sure, for a poor creature; but for a lad of spirit it is all

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enchantment. A superior genius, when he gets a service, does not go about it like a
lumpish simpleton. He enters into a family as viceroy over the master, not as an
inferior minister. He begins by measuring the length of his employer's foot; by
lending himself to his weaknesses, he gains his confidence, and ends with leading him
by the nose. Such has been my plan of operation at the governor's. I knew the pilgrim
at once by his staff; his wish was for an earthly canonization. I pretended to believe
him to be the saint he wished to be taken for, hypocrisy costs nothing. Nay, I went
further, for I took pattern by him; and playing the same part before him which he
played before others, I out-cozened the cozener, and by degrees got to be major-
domo. I am in hopes some day or other, under his wing, to have the fingering of the
poor- box. It may bring a blessing upon me as well as another; for I have caught the
flame from him, and already feel deeply for the interests of charity.
These are fine hopes, my dear Fabricio, replied I; and I congratulate you upon
them. For my part, I am determined on my first plan. I shall straightway convert my
embroidered suit into a cassock, repair to Salamanca, and there, enlisting under the
banner of the university, fulfil the sacred duties of a tutor. A fine scheme! exclaimed
Fabricio, a pleasant conceit! What madness, at your age, to turn pedant! Are you
aware, you stupid fellow, what you take upon yourself by that choice? As soon as you
are settled, all the house will be upon the watch, your most trivial actions will be
minutely sifted. You will lead a life of incessant constraint; you must set yourself off
with a counterfeit outside, and affect to entertain a double set of the cardinal virtues in
your bosom. You will not have a moment to bestow on pleasure. The everlasting
censor of your pupil, your days will pass in teaching grammar and administering
saintly reprehension, when he shall say or do anything against decorum. After so
much labour and confinement, what will be your reward? If the little gentleman is a
pickle, they will lay all the blame on your bad management; and you will be kicked
out of the family, it may be without your stipend. Do not tell me then of a tutor's
employment; it is worse than a cure of souls. But talk as much as you will about a
lacquey's occupation, that is a sinecure, and pledges you to nothing. Suppose one's
master not to be immaculate? A servant of superior genius will flatter his vices, and
not unfrequently turn them to account. A footman lives at his ease in a good family.
After having ate and drank his fill, he goes to bed peaceably, without troubling
himself who pays the bills.
I should never have done, my dear fellow, pursued he, were I to enumerate all
the advantages of service. Trust me, Gil Blas, discard for ever your foolish wish of
being a tutor, and follow my example. So be it: but, Fabricio, replied I, governors like
yours are not to be met with every day; and if resolved to go to service, I should like
at least to get a good situation. Oh! you are in the right, said he, and that shall be my
concern. I will get you a comfortable place, if it were only to snatch a fine fellow from
the jaws of the university.
The near approach of poverty with which I was threatened, and Fabricio's
apparent good case, having more weight with me than his arguments, I determined to
wear a livery. On which we sallied forth from the tavern, and my townsman said: I am
going to introduce you to a man, to whom most of the servants resort when they are
on the ramble; he has eaves-droppers about him to pick up all that passes in families.
He knows at once where the servants are going away, and keeps a correct register, not
only of vacant places, but of vacant masters, with their good and bad properties. The
fellow has been a friar in some convent or other. In short, he it was who got me my
place.

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While we were conversing about so singular an office of intelligence, the son

of Nunez the barber took me into a street which had no thoroughfare. We went into a
mean house, where we found a man about fifty writing at a table. We wished him
good day, with quite as much humility as became us: but, whether it was from natural
pride, or that, from a habit of seeing none but lacqueys and coachmen, he had got a
trick of receiving his company with an easy freedom, without rising from his seat, he
just gave a slight nod. He seemed surprised that a young man in embroidered velvet
should want a place; he had rather expected me to have wanted a servant. However,
he was not kept long in doubt, since Fabricio said at once: Signor Arias de Londona,
give me leave to introduce one of my best friends. He is a youth of good connections,
whom adverse circumstances have reduced to the necessity of going to service. Have
the goodness to provide for him handsomely, and you may trust to his gratitude.
Gentlemen, replied Arias coolly, this is the way with you all; before you are settled,
you make the finest promises in the world: but afterwards, Lord help us! your
memories are very short. The deuce! replied Fabricio, why you do not complain of
me? Have not I done the thing genteelly? You ought to have done it much better,
rejoined Arias: your place is better than a clerk in a public office, and you paid me as
if I had quartered you upon a poor author. Here I interfered, and told Master Arias,
that to convince him I was not a shabby fellow, I would make my acknowledgments
beforehand; at the same time taking out two ducats, with an assurance of not stopping
there if he got me into a good berth.
He seemed to like my mode of dealing. There are, said he, some very good
places vacant. I will give you a list of them, and you shall take your choice. With
these words, he put on his spectacles, opened a register on the table, turned over a few
of the leaves, and began reading to this effect: Captain Torbellino wants a footman; a
hasty, hair-brained, humoursome chap; scolds incessantly, swears, kicks his servants,
and very often cripples them. Go on to the next, cried I, at this picture; such a captain
will never do for me. My sprightliness made Arias smile, and he went on with his
catalogue thus: Donna Manuela de Sandoval, a superannuated dowager, peevish and
fantastical, is in want at this very time; she keeps but one, and him never for four-and-
twenty hours. There has been a livery in the house for these ten years, which fits every
new-corner, whether tall or short. They only just try it on; so that it is as good as new
though it has had two thousand owners. Doctor Alvar Fanez wants a journeyman; an
eminent member of the faculty! He boards his family very handsomely, has
everything comfortable about him, and gives very high wages; but he is a little too
fond of experiments. When he gets a parcel of bad drugs, which happens very often,
there is a pretty quick succession of new servants.
Oh! I do not in the least doubt it, interrupted Fabricio with a horse-laugh.
Upon my word, you give me a fine character of your customers. Patience, said Arias
de Londona; we have not yet got to the end: there is variety enough. Thereupon he
continued to read on: Donna Alfonsa de Solis, an old devotee, who lives two- thirds of
her time at church, and always keeps her servant at her apron string, has been in want
for these three weeks. The Licentiate Sédillo, an old prebendary of the chapter here,
turned away his servant yesterday evening Halt there, Signor Arias de Londona,
cried Fabricio at that passage; we will stick to the church. The Licentiate Sédillo is
one of my master's friends, and I am very well acquainted with him. I know he has for
his housekeeper an old hypocrite, called Dame Jacintha, who is complete mistress of
the family. It is one of the best houses in Valladolid. A very idle life, and plenty of
excellent meat and drink. Besides, his reverence is an old, gouty, infirm man, likely
soon to make his will: there is a legacy to be looked after. That is a delightful prospect

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for one of our cloth! Gil Blas, added he, turning round to me, let us lose no time, my
friend, but go immediately to the licentiate's house. I will introduce you myself, and
give you a character. At these words, for fear of missing such an opportunity, we took
a hasty leave of Signor Arias, who assured me, for my money, that if I failed here, he
would do something as good for me elsewhere.

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 GIL BLAS

BOOK THE SECOND.

CH. I. -- Fabricio introduces Gil Blas to the Licentiate Sédillo, and procures him
a reception. The domestic economy of that clergyman. Picture of his
housekeeper.
WE were so dreadfully afraid of offending against the regular hours of the old
licentiate, that we made but a hop, skip, and jump, from the street with one outlet, to
the prebendal residence. The gates were barred: but we ventured to announce our
arrival. A girl of ten years old, the housekeeper's professed niece, and slander could
not gainsay the relationship, opened the door to us. As we asked to speak with his
reverence, Dame Jacintha made her appearance. She was a lady of ripe person and
parts, but by no means past her prime; and I was particularly attracted by the clearness
of her complexion. She wore a long woollen gown of the most ordinary quality, with a
large leathern girdle, whence hung suspended a bunch of keys on one side, and on the
other a tremendous string of beads. As soon as we got a glimpse of her, we made our
obeisances with all possible reverence. She returned our salutation with similar good
breeding, but with an air of modesty, and eyes communing with the ground.
I have been told, said my fellow servant, that the reverend the Licentiate
Sédillo wants an honest lad, and I have one at his service with whom he will be well
satisfied. The superintendent of the household turned up her eyes at these words with
a significant side glance at me; and, finding it difficult to reconcile my laced jacket
with Fabricio's exordium, asked if it was this fine gentleman who was come after the
place. Yes, said the son of Nunez, it is this interesting and engaging youth. Just as you
see him, the ups and downs of this transitory life have compelled him to wear an
epaulette: but fate will have made him ample amends, added he with an affected
languish, if he is so happy as to be an inmate here, and to profit by the society of the
virtuous Jacintha. The patriarch of the Indies might have sighed for the virtuous
Jacintha at the head of his establishment. At these words, this withered branch of piety
withdrew her penetrating regards from me, to contemplate this courteous spokesman.
Struck with certain lines which were not new to her, in his face, I have some floating
idea of having seen you before, said she; but my memory wants a lift. Holy Jacintha,
replied Fabricio, it is enough for me to have been blessed with your pious notice.
Twice have I been under this venerable roof with my master, Signor Manuel
Ordonnez, governor of the hospital. Ah! just so, answered the lady chamberlain, I
recollect! You are an old acquaintance. Well-a-day now! Your very belonging to
Signor Ordonnez is enough to prove you a youth of merit and strict propriety. A
servant is known by his place, and this lad could not have had a better sponsor. Come
along with me; I will introduce you to Signor Sédillo. I am sure he will be glad to
engage a lad at your recommendation.
We followed Dame Jacintha. The canon lived in the lower part of the house, in
a comfortable suite of wainscotted apartments. She begged us to wait a moment in the
anti-chamber, while she went into the licentiate's room. After some private parley
with him, merely that he might know what he was about, she came to tell us we might
walk in. We kenned the old cripple, immersed in an elbow chair, with a pillow under
his head, cushions under his arms, and his legs supported on a large stool, stuffed with
down. We were no niggards of our bows as we advanced; and Fabricio, still taking the
lead, not only repeated over again what he had said to the housekeeper, but set about

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extolling my merit, and expatiated in an especial manner on the honours I had gained
in the schools under Doctor Godinez on all metaphysical questions: as if it was
necessary for a prebendary's footman to be as learned as his master. However that
might be, it served as a tub to the whale. Besides, Dame Jacintha did not look
forbidding, and my surety received the following answer: Friend, I receive into my
service the lad you recommend. I like him well enough; and as for his morals, they
cannot be much amiss, since he presents himself under the wing of a domestic
belonging to Signor Ordonnez.
As soon as Fabricio saw me safe landed, he made a low bow to the
prebendary, a still lower to the lady, and withdrew in high good humour, whispering
in my ear that we should meet again, and that I had only to make good my footing. As
soon as he had left the room, the licentiate inquired my name, why I had left my
native place; and drew me on by his questions to relate my adventures before Dame
Jacintha. They were both highly amused, above all by my last rencounter. Camilla and
Don Raphael gave such play to their risible muscles, that I thought old chalkstone
would have burst: for, as he laughed with all his might, so violent a cough laid hold of
him, as went very near to have carried him off. His will was not made. What an alarm
for the housekeeper! Trembling, distracted, off she flew to the good man's succour,
and just like a nurse with a puking child, paddled about his forehead and tapped him
on the back. Luckily it was a false alarm; the old gentleman left off coughing, and the
housekeeper tormenting him. When it was over, I was for going on with my narrative;
but Dame Jacintha, in awe of a second fit, set herself against it. She therefore took me
with her out of the room to a ward robe, where, among several suits, was that of my
predecessor. This I was to take, and leave my own in its room, which I was not sorry
to see laid up safe, in the hope it might be of further use. After this, we went together
to get dinner ready.
I knew what I was about in the art of dressing meat. Dame Leonarda, with
whom I had served my time, might have passed for a very decent plain cook; but a
mere turnspit to dame Jacintha. The latter might almost have borne away the bell from
the archbishop of Toledo's man. She was mistress of everything; gravy soups, of the
most delicious texture and relish; and, for made dishes, she could season them up or
soften them down to the most delicate or voluptuous palate. At dinner-time we
returned to his reverence's apartment. While I was arranging the grand concern close
by his arm-chair, the lady of all work crammed a napkin under the old boy's chin, and
pinned it behind his back. Without losing a moment, in marched I with a stew, fit to
be set before the first gourmand in Madrid, and two courses, to have tickled the gills
of a viceroy, only that Dame Jacintha had touched the spice-box with discretion, for
fear of exasperating the gout. At the first glimpse of this goodly mess, my old master,
whom I conceived to have lost the use of his limbs, made me to understand that his
arms were exempted from the interdict He availed himself of their assistance, to get
clear of his pillow and cushions, and proceeded gaily to the attack. His hand shook, to
be sure; but somehow or other it contrived to do its duty. He sent it backwards and
forwards fast enough; though it brought but half its cargo to the landing-place at a
lading: the table cloth and napkin took toll. I carried off the soup when he had done,
and brought in a partridge flanked by two roast quails, which Dame Jacintha cut up
for him. She took care to make him take a good draught of wine, a little lowered at
proper intervals, out of a large, deep, silver cup, which she held to his mouth, as if he
had been an infant. He winged the partridge, and came down slap- dash upon all the
rest of the dishes. When he had done cramming, that saint of the saucepan unpinned
his napkin, reinstated his pillow and cushions; then, leaving him composed in his arm-

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chair to the enjoyment of his usual nap after dinner, we took away, and demolished
the remainder with appetites worthy of our master.
The dinner of to-day was the ordinary bill of fare. Our canon played the best
knife and fork in the chapter. But the supper was a mere bauble; seldom more than a
chicken and a little confectionery. I larded my inside in this house, and led a good
easy life. There was but one awkward circumstance; and that was sitting up with my
master, to save the expense of a nurse. Besides a strangury, which kept him on the
fidget ten times in an hour, he was very much given to perspire; and in that event, I
shifted him. Gil Blas, said he, on the second night, you are an active, clever fellow; I
foresee that we shall jog on very well together. I only just give you a hint to keep in
with Dame Jacintha; the girl has been about me for these fifteen years, and manages
all my little matters; she comforts my outward man, and I cannot do too much for her.
For that reason, you are to know, that she is more to me than all my family. There is
my nephew, my own sister's son; why, I have turned him out of doors, only to please
her. He had no regard for the poor lass: and so far from giving her credit for all her
little assiduities, the saucy rascal swore she did not care a farthing for me! But now-a-
days, young people think virtue and gratitude all a farce. Heaven be praised, I am rid
of the varlet. What claim has blood, in comparison with unquestionable attachment? I
am influenced by a give-and-take principle in my connections. You are right, sir,
replied I; gratitude ought to be the first thing, and natural affection the last. Ay!
resumed he; and my will shall be a comment on that text. My housekeeper shall be
residuary legatee; and you shall have a corner in a codicil, if you go on as well as you
have begun. The footman I turned off yesterday has lost a good legacy, by not
knowing where to hit the right nail on the head. If the blockhead had not obliged me,
by his ill behaviour, to send him packing, I would have made a man of him: but the
beggar on horseback gave himself airs to Dame Jacintha! Then master lazy-bones did
not like sitting up! I might pass the night as I could, provided he had no trouble with
me. Oh! the unfeeling scoundrel! exclaimed I, in the true spirit of Fabricio, he was not
a man to be about so good a master. The lad for your money should be a humble, but
confidential friend; he should not make a toil of what ought to be a pleasure, but think
nothing of going through fire and water for your ease.
These professions were not lost upon the licentiate. Neither were my
assurances of due submission to Dame Jacintha's authority less acceptable. Puffing
myself off for a servant, who was not afraid of work, I got through my business as
cheerfully as I could. I never complained of my nursery. Though to be sure it was
irksome enough; and if the legacy had not settled my stomach, I should have sickened
at the nature of my employment. It is true I got some hours' rest during the day. The
housekeeper, to do her justice, was kind enough to me; owing to the insinuating
manner in which I wormed myself into her good graces. Suppose me at table, with her
and her niece Inésilla! I changed their plates, filled their glasses, never thought of my
own dinner before they had everything they wanted. This was the way to thrive in
their esteem. One day when Dame Jacintha was gone to market, finding myself alone
with Inésilla, I began to make myself agreeable. Were her father and mother alive?
Oh! no, answered she; they have been dead this long, long time; for my good aunt
says they have, and I have never seen them. I religiously believed the little innocent,
though her answer was not of the clearest; and she got into such an humour of talking,
as to tell me more than I wanted to know. She informed me, or rather I inferred it
from her artless simplicity, that her good aunt had a good friend, who lived likewise
with an old canon. The temporalities of the church were under his administration; and
these lucky domestics reckoned upon entwining the spoils of their masters round the

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pillars of the hymeneal temple, into whose sanctuary they had penetrated by
anticipation. Dame Jacintha, as I have said before, though a little stricken in years,
had still some bloom. To be sure, she spared no pains to cherish it: besides daily
evacuations, she took plentiful doses of all-powerful jelly. She got her sleep in the
night too, while I sat up with my master. But what perhaps contributed most to the
freshness of this everlasting flower, was an issue in each leg, of which I should never
have known, but for that blab Inésilla.

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 GIL BLAS

CH. II. -- The canon's illness; his treatment; the consequence; the legacy to Gil
Blas.
I STAID three months with the Licentiate Sédillo, without complaining of bad
nights. At the end of that time he fell sick. The distemper was a fever; and it inflamed
the gout For the first time in his life, which had been long, he called in a physician.
Doctor Sangrado was sent for; the Hippocrates of Valladolid. Dame Jacintha was for
sending for the lawyer first, and touched that string; but the patient thought it was
time enough, and had a little will of his own upon some points. Away I went therefore
for Doctor Sangrado; and brought him with me. A tall, withered, wan executioner of
the sisters three, who had done all their justice for at least these forty years! This
learned forerunner of the undertaker had an aspect suited to his office: his words were
weighed to a scruple; and his jargon sounded grand in the ears of the uninitiated. His
arguments were mathematical demonstrations: and his opinions had the merit of
originality.
After studying my master's symptoms, he began with medical solemnity: The
question here is, to remedy an obstructed perspiration. Ordinary practitioners, in this
case, would follow the old routine of salines, diuretics, volatile salts, sulphur and
mercury; but purges and sudorifics are a deadly practice! Chemical preparations are
edged tools in the hands of the ignorant. My methods are more simple, and more
efficacious. What is your usual diet? I live pretty much upon soups, replied the canon,
and eat my meat with a good deal of gravy. Soups and gravy! exclaimed the petrified
doctor. Upon my word, it is no wonder you are ill. High living is a poisoned bait; a
trap set by sensuality, to cut short the days of wretched man. We must have done with
pampering our appetites: the more insipid, the more wholesome. The human blood is
not a gravy! Why then you must give it such a nourishment as will assimilate with the
particles of which it is composed. You drink wine, I warrant you? Yes, said the
licentiate, but diluted. Oh! finely diluted, I dare say, rejoined the physician. This is
licentiousness with a vengeance! A frightful course of feeding! Why, you ought to
have died years ago. How old are you? I am in my sixty-ninth year, replied the canon.
So I thought, quoth the practitioner, a premature old age is always the consequence of
in temperance. If you had only drank clear water all your life, and had been contented
with plain food, boiled apples for instance, you would not have been a martyr to the
gout, and your limbs would have performed their functions with lubricity. But I do not
despair of setting you on your legs again, provided you give yourself up to my
management. The licentiate promised to be upon his good behaviour.
Sangrado then sent me for a surgeon of his own choosing, and took from him
six good porringers of blood, by way of a beginning, to remedy this obstinate
obstruction. He then said to the surgeon; Master Martin Onez, you will take as much
more three hours hence, and to-morrow you will repeat the operation. It is a mere
vulgar error, that the blood is of any use in the system; the faster you draw it off the
better. A patient has nothing to do but to keep himself quiet; with him, to live is
merely not to die; he has no more occasion for blood than a man in a trance; in both
cases, life consists exclusively in pulsation and respiration. When the doctor had
ordered these frequent and copious bleedings, he added a drench of warm water at
very short intervals, maintaining that water in sufficient quantities was the grand
secret in the materia medica. He then took his leave, telling Dame Jacintha and me,
with an air of confidence, that he would answer for the patient's life, if his system was
fairly pursued. The housekeeper, though protesting secretly against this new practice,
bowed to his superior authority. In fact, we set on the kettles in a hurry; and, as the

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physician had desired us above all things to give him enough, we began with pouring
down two or three pints at as many gulps. An hour after we beset him again; then,
returning to the attack time after time, we fairly poured a deluge into his poor stomach
The surgeon, on the other hand, taking out the blood as we put in the water, we
reduced the old canon to death's door in less than two days.
This venerable ecclesiastic, able to hold it out no longer, as I pledged him in a
large glass of his new cordial, said to me in a faint voice -- Hold, Gil Blas, do not give
me any more, my friend. It is plain death will come when he will come, in spite of
water; and, though I have hardly a drop of blood in my veins, I am no better for
getting rid of the enemy. The ablest physician in the world can do nothing for us,
when our time is expired. Fetch a notary; I will make my will. At these last words,
pleasing enough to my fancy, I affected to appear unhappy; and concealing my
impatience to be gone: Sir, said I, you are not reduced so low, thank God, but you
may yet recover. No, no, interrupted he, my good fellow, it is all over. I feel the gout
shifting, and the hand of death is upon me. Make haste, and go where I told you. I
saw, sure enough, that he changed every moment: and the case was so urgent, that I
ran as fast as I could, leaving him in Dame Jacintha's care, who was more afraid than
myself of his dying without a will. I laid hold of the first notary I could find; Sir, said
I, the Licentiate Sédillo, my master, is drawing near his end; he wants to settle his
affairs; there is not a moment to be lost. The notary was a dapper little fellow, who
loved his joke; and inquired who was our physician. At the name of Doctor Sangrado,
hurrying on his cloak and hat: For mercy's sake! cried he, let us set off with all
possible speed; for this doctor dispatches business so fast, that our fraternity cannot
keep pace with him. That fellow spoils half my jobs.
With this sarcasm, he set forward in good earnest, and, as we pushed on, to get
the start of the grim tyrant, I said to him: Sir, you are aware that a dying testator's
memory is sometimes a little short; should my master chance to for get me, be so
good as to put in a word in my favour. That I will, my lad, replied the little proctor;
you may rely on it. I will urge something handsome, if I have an opportunity. The
licentiate, on our arrival, had still all his faculties about him. Dame Jacintha was by
his bedside, laying in her tears by wholesale. She had played her game, and bespoken
a handsome remembrance. We left the notary alone with my master, and went
together into the anti-chamber, where we met the surgeon, sent by the physician for
another and a last experiment. We laid hold of him. Stop, Master Martin, said the
housekeeper, you cannot go into Signor Sédillo's room just now. He is giving his last
orders; but you may bleed away when the will is made.
We were terribly afraid, this pious gentlewoman and I, lest the licentiate
should go off with his will half finished; but by good luck, the important deed was
executed. We saw the proctor come out, who, finding me on the watch, slapped me on
the shoulder, and said with a simper: Gil Blas is not forgotten. At these words, I felt
the must lively joy; and was so well pleased with my master for his kind notice, that I
promised myself the pleasure of praying for his soul after death, which event
happened anon; for the surgeon having bled him once more, the poor old man, quite
exhausted, gave up the ghost under the lancet. Just as he was breathing his last, the
physician made his appearance, and looked a little foolish, notwithstanding the
universality of his death-bed experience. Yet far from imputing the accident to the
new practice, he walked off, affirming with intrepidity, that it was owing to their
having been too lenient with the lancet, and too chary of their warm water. The
medical executioner, I mean the surgeon, seeing that his functions also were at an end,
followed Doctor Sangrado.

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As soon as we saw the breath out of our patron's body, Dame Jacintha,
Inésilla, and myself, joined in a decent chorus of funeral lamentation, loud enough to
produce a proper effect in the neighbourhood. The emblem of a life to come, though
she had more reason than any of us to rejoice, took the soprano part, and screamed out
her afflictions in a most pathetic manner. The room in an instant was crowded with
people, attracted less by compassion than curiosity. The relations of the deceased no
sooner got wind of his departure than they pounced down upon the premises, and
sealed up everything. From the housekeeper's distreess they thought there was no will;
but they soon found their mistake, and that there was one without a flaw. When it was
opened, and they learned the disposition of the testator's principal property, in favour
of Dame Jacintha and the little girl, they pronounced his funeral oration in terms not a
little disparaging to his memory. They gave a broad apostrophe at the same time to the
godly legatee, and a few blessings to me in my turn. It must be owned I had earned
them. The licentiate, heaven reward him for it, to secure my remembrances through
life, expressed himself thus in a paragraph of his will -- Item, as Gil Blas has already
some little smattering of literature, to encourage his studious habits, I give and
bequeath to him my library, all my books and my manuscripts, without any drawback
or exception.
I could not conceive where this said library might be; I had never seen any. I
only knew of some papers, with five or six bound books, on two little deal shelves in
my master's closet; and that was my legacy. The books too could be of no great use to
me; the title of one was, The complete Man Cook; another, A Treatise on Indigestion,
with the Methods of Cure; the rest were the four parts of the breviary, half eaten up by
the worms. In the article of manuscripts, the most curious consisted of documents
relating to a lawsuit in which the prebendary was once engaged for his stall. After
having examined my legacy with more minuteness than it deserved, I made over my
right and title to these invidious relations. I even renounced my livery, and took back
my own suit, claiming my wages as my only reward. I then went to look out for
another place. As for Dame Jacintha, besides her residue under the will, she had some
snug little articles, which, by the help of her good friend, she had appropriated to her
own use during the last illness of the licentiate.

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CH. III. -- Gil Blas enters into Doctor Sangrado's service, and becomes a famous
practitioner.
I DETERMINED to throw myself in the way of Signor Arias de Londona, and
to look out for a new berth in his register; but as I was on my way to No
Thoroughfare, who should come across me but Doctor Sangrado, whom I had not
seen since the day of my master's death. I took the liberty of touching my hat. He
kenned me in a twinkling, though I had changed my dress; and with as much warmth
as his temperament would allow him; Hey day! said he, the very lad I wanted to see;
you have never been out of my thought. I have occasion for a clever fellow about me,
and pitched upon you as the very thing, if you can read and write. Sir, replied I, if that
is all you require, I am your man. In that case, rejoined he, we need look no further.
Come home with me; it will be all comfort: I shall behave to you like a brother. You
will have no wages, but everything will be found you. You shall eat and drink
according to the true faith, and be taught to cure all diseases. In a word, you shall
rather be my young Sangrado than my footman.
I closed in with the doctor's proposal, in the hope of becoming an Esculapius
under so inspired a master. He carried me home on the spur of the occasion, to instal
me in my honourable employment; which honourable employment consisted in
writing down the name and residence of the patients who sent for him in his absence.
There had indeed been a register for this purpose, kept by an old domestic; but she
had not the gift of spelling accurately, and wrote a most perplexing hand. This
account I was to keep. It might truly be called a bill of mortality; for my members all
went from bad to worse during the short time they continued in this system. I was a
sort of book-keeper for the other world, to take places in the stage, and to see that the
first come were the first served. My pen was always in my hand, for Doctor Sangrado
had more practice than any physician of his time in Valladolid. He had got into
reputation with the public by a certain professional slang, humoured by a medical
face, and some extraordinary cases, more honoured by implicit faith than scrupulous
investigation.
He was in no want of patients, nor consequently of property. He did not keep
the best house in the world; we lived with some little attention to economy. The usual
bill of fare consisted of peas, beans, boiled apples or cheese. He considered this food
as best suited to the human stomach, that is to say, as most amenable to the grinders,
whence it was to encounter the process of digestion. Nevertheless, easy as was their
passage, he was not for stopping the way with too much of them: and, to be sure, he
was in the right. But though he cautioned the maid and me against repletion in respect
of solids, it was made up by free permission to drink as much water as we liked. Far
from prescribing us any limits there, he would tell us sometimes -- Drink, my
children; health consists in the pliability and moisture of the parts. Drink water by
pails full, it is a universal dissolvent; water liquefies all the salts. Is the course of the
blood a little sluggish? this grand principle sets it forward: too rapid? its career is
checked. Our doctor was so orthodox on this head, that he drank nothing himself but
water, though advanced in years. He defined old age to be a natural consumption
which dries us up and wastes us away: on this principle, he deplored the ignorance of
those who call wine old men's milk. He maintained that wine wears them out and
corrodes them, and pleaded with all the force of eloquence against that liquor, fatal in
common both to the young and old, that friend with a serpent in its bosom, that
pleasure with a dagger under its girdle.

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In spite of these fine arguments, at the end of a week a looseness ensued, with
some twinges, which I was blasphemous enough to saddle on the universal dissolvent,
and the new- fashioned diet. I stated my symptoms to my master, in the hope he
would relax the rigour of his regimen, and qualify my meals with a little wine, but his
hostility to that liquor was inflexible. If you have not philosophy enough, said he, for
pure water, there are innocent infusions to strengthen the stomach against the nausea
of aqueous quaffings. Sage, for example, has a very pretty flavour: and if you wish to
heighten it into a debauch, it is only mixing rosemary, wild poppy, and other simples,
but no compounds.
In vain did he crack off his water, and teach me the secret of composing
delicious messes. I was so abstemious, that, remarking my moderation, he said -- In
good sooth, Gil Blas, I marvel not that you are no better than you are; you do not
drink enough, my friend. Water taken in a small quantity serves only to separate the
particles of bile and set them in action; but our practice is to drown them in a copious
drench, Fear not, my good lad, lest a superabundance of liquid should either weaken
or chill your stomach; far from thy better judgment be that silly fear of unadulterated
drink. I will ensure you against all consequences; and if my authority will not serve
your turn, read Celsus. That oracle of the ancients makes an admirable panegyric on
water; in short, he says in plain terms that those who plead an inconstant stomach in
favour of wine, publish a libel on their own bowels, and make their organization a
pretence for their sensuality.
As it would have been ungenteel in me to have run riot on my entrance into
the career of practice, I affected thorough conviction; indeed, I thought there was
something in it. I therefore went on drinking water on the authority of Celsus, or, to
speak in scientific terms, I began to drown the bile in copious drenches of that
unadulterated liquor; and though I felt myself more out of order from day to day,
prejudice won the cause against experience. It is evident, therefore, that I was in the
right road to the practice of physic. Yet I could not always be insensible to the qualms
which increased in my frame, to that degree, as to determine me on quitting Doctor
Sangrado. But he invested me with a new office which changed my tone. Hark you,
my child, said he to me one day, I am not one of those hard and ungrateful masters,
who leave their household to grow grey in service without a suitable reward. I am
well pleased with you, I have a regard for you, and without waiting till you have
served your time, I will make your fortune. Without more ado, I will initiate you in
the healing art, of which I have for so many years been at the head. Other physicians
make the science to consist of various unintelligible branches; but I will shorten the
road for you, and dispense with the drudgery of studying natural philosophy,
pharmacy, botany, and anatomy. Remember, my friend, that bleeding and drinking
warm water are the two grand principles; the true secret of curing all the distempers
incident to humanity. Yes, this marvellous secret which I reveal to you, and which
nature, beyond the reach of my colleagues, has failed in rescuing from my pen, is
comprehended in these two articles -- namely, bleeding and drenching. Here you have
the sum total of my philosophy; you are thoroughly bottomed in medicine, and may
raise yourself to the summit of fame on the shoulders of my long experience. You
may enter into partnership at once, by keeping the books in the morning, and going
out to visit patients in the afternoon. While I dose the nobility and clergy, you shall
labour in your vocation among the lower orders; and when you have felt your ground
a little, I will get you admitted into our body. You are a philosopher, Gil Blas, though
you have never graduated; the common herd of them, though they have graduated in

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due form and order, are likely to run out the length of their tether without knowing
their right hand from their left.
I thanked the doctor for having so speedily enabled me to serve as his deputy;
and, by way of acknowledging his goodness, promised to follow his system to the end
of my career, with a magnanimous indifference about the aphorisms of Hippocrates.
But that engagement was not to be taken to the letter. This tender attachment to water
went against the grain, and I had a scheme for drinking wine every day snugly among
the patients. I left off wearing my own suit a second time, to take up one of my
master's, and look like an inveterate practitioner. After which I brought my medical
theories into play, leaving them to look to the event whom it might concern. I began
on an alguazil in a pleurisy; he was condemned to be bled with the utmost rigour of
the law, at the same time that the system was to be replenished copiously with water.
Next I made a lodgment in the veins of a gouty pastry-cook, who roared like a lion by
reason of gouty spasms. I stood on no more ceremony with his blood than with that of
the alguazil, and laid no restriction on his taste for simple liquids. My prescriptions
brought me in twelve rials; an incident so auspicious in my professional career, that I
only wished for the plagues of Egypt on all the hale subjects of Valladolid. As I was
coming out of the pastry-cook's whom should I meet but Fabricio, a total stranger
since the death of the licentiate Sédillo! He looked at me with astonishment for some
seconds; then set up a laugh with all his might, and held his sides. He had no reason to
be grave, for I had a cloak trailing on the ground, with a doublet and breeches of four
times my natural dimensions. I was certainly a complete original. I suffered him to
make merry as long as he liked, and could scarcely help joining in the ridicule; but I
kept a guard on my muscles to preserve a becoming dignity in public, and the better to
enact the physician, whose part in society is not that of a buffoon. If the absurdity of
my appearance excited Fabricio's merriment, my affected gravity added zest to it; and
when he had nearly exhausted his lungs -- By all the powers, Gil Blas, quoth he, thou
art in complete masquerade. Who the devil has dressed you up in this manner? Fair
and softly, my friend, replied I, fair and softly, be a little on your good behaviour with
a modern Hippocrates. Understand me to be the substitute of Doctor Sangrado, the
most eminent physician in Valladolid. I have lived with him these three weeks. He has
bottomed me thoroughly in medicine; and, as he cannot perform the obsequies of all
the patients who send for him, I visit a part of them to take the burden off his
conscience. He does execution in great families, I among the vulgar. Vastly well,
replied Fabricio; that is to say, he grants you a lease on the blood of the commonalty,
but keeps to himself the fee-simple of the fashionable world. I wish you joy of your
lot; it is a pleasanter line of practice among the populace than among great folk. Long
live a snug connection in the suburbs! a man's mistakes are easily buried, and his
murders elude all but God's revenge. Yes, my brave boy, your destiny is truly
enviable; in the language of Alexander, were I not Fabricio, I could wish to be Gil
Blas.
To show the son of Nunez, the barber, that he was not much out in his
reckoning on my present happiness, I chinked the fees of the alguazil and the pastry-
cook; and this was followed by an adjournment to a tavern, to drink to their perfect
recovery. The wine was very fair, and my impatience for the well-known smack made
me think it better than it was. I took some good long draughts, and without gainsaying
the Latin oracle, in proportion as I poured it into its natural reservoir, I felt my
accommodating entrails to owe me no grudge for the hard service into which I pressed
them. As for Fabricio and myself, we sat some time in the tavern, making merry at the
expense of our masters, as servants are too much accustomed to do. At last, seeing the

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night approach, we parted, after engaging to meet at the same place on the following
day after dinner.

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CH. IV. -- Gil Blas goes on practising physic with equal success and ability.
Adventure of the recovered ring.
I WAS no sooner at home than Doctor Sangrado came in. I talked to him
about the patients I had seen, and paid into his hands eight remaining rials of the
twelve I had received for my prescriptions. Eight rials! said he, as he counted them,
mighty little for two visits! But we must take things as we find them. In the spirit of
taking things as he found them, he laid violent hands on six, giving me the other two -
- Here, Gil Blas, continued he, see what a foundation to build upon. I make over to
you the fourth of all you may bring me. You will soon feather your nest, my friend;
for, by the blessing of Providence, there will be a great deal of ill health this year.
I had reason to be content with my dividend; since, having determined to keep
back the third part of what I received in my rounds, and afterwards touching another
fourth of the remainder, half of the whole, if arithmetic is anything more than a
deception, would become my perquisite. This inspired me with new zeal for my
profession. The next day, as soon as I had dined, I resumed my medical paraphernalia,
and took the field once more. I visited several patients on the list, and treated their
several complaints in one invariable routine. Hitherto things went on under the rose,
and no individual, thank heaven, had risen up in rebellion against my prescriptions.
But let a physician's cures be as
extraordinary as they will, some quack or other is always ready to rip up his
reputation. I was called in to a grocer's son in a dropsy. Whom should I find there
before me but a little black- looking physician, by name Doctor Cuchillo, introduced
by a relation of the family. I bowed round most profoundly, but dipped lowest to the
personage whom I took to have been invited to a consultation with me. He returned
my compliment with a distant air; then, having stared me in the face for a few seconds
-- Signor Doctor, said he, I beg pardon for being inquisitive, I thought I had been
acquainted with all my brethren in Valladolid, but I confess your physiognomy is
altogether new. You must have been settled but a short time in town. I avowed myself
a young practitioner, acting as yet under the direction of Doctor Sangrado. I wish you
joy, replied he politely, you are studying under a great man. You must doubtless have
seen a vast deal of sound practice, young as you appear to be, He spoke this with so
easy an assurance, that I was at a loss whether he meant it seriously, or was laughing
at me. While I was conning over my reply, the grocer, seizing on the opportunity, said
-- Gentlemen, I am persuaded of your both being perfectly competent in your art; have
the goodness without ado to take the case in hand, and devise some effectual means
for the restoration of my son's health.
Thereupon the little pulse-counter set himself about reviewing the patient's
situation; and after having dilated to me on all the symptoms, asked me what I thought
the fittest method of treatment. I am of opinion, replied I, that he should be bled once
a day, and drink as much warm water as he can swallow. At these words, our
diminutive doctor said to me with a malicious simper -- And so you think such a
course will save the patient? Never doubt it, exclaimed I in a confident tone; it must
produce that effect, because it is a certain method of cure for all distempers. Ask
Signor Sangrado. At that rate, retorted he, Celsus is altogether in the wrong; for he
contends that the readiest way to cure a dropsical subject is to let him almost die of
hunger and thirst. Oh! as for Celsus, interrupted I, he is no oracle of mine, as fallible
as the meanest of us; I often have occasion to bless myself for going contrary to his
dogmas. I discover by your language, said Cuchillo, the safe and sure method of
practice Doctor Sangrado instils into his pupils. Bleeding and drenching are the extent

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of his resources. No wonder so many worthy people are cut off under his direction . . .
. No defamation! interrupted I with some acrimony; a member of the faculty had
better not begin throwing stones. Come, come, my learned doctor, patients can get to
the other world without bleeding and warm water; and I question whether the most
deadly of us has ever signed more passports than yourself. If you have any crow to
pluck with Signor Sangrado, write against him, he will answer you, and we shall soon
see who will have the best of the battle. By all the saints in the calendar! swore he, in
a transport of passion, you little know whom you are talking to. I have a tongue and a
fist, my friend; and am not afraid of Sangrado, who, with all his arrogance and
affectation, is but a ninny. The size of the little death-dealer made me hold his anger
cheap. I gave him a sharp retort; he sent back as good as I brought, till at last we came
to cuffs. We had pulled a few handfuls of hair from each other's heads before the
grocer and his kinsman could part us. When they had brought this about, they feed me
for my attendance, and retained my antagonist, whom they thought the more skilful of
the two.
Another adventure succeeded close on the heels of this. I went to see a huge
chanter in a fever. As soon as he heard me talk of warm water, he showed himself so
averse to this specific, as to fall into a fit of swearing. He abused me in all possible
shapes, and threatened to throw me out at window. I was in a greater hurry to get out
of his house than to get in. I did not choose to see any more patients that day, and
repaired to the inn where I had agreed to meet Fabricio. He was there first. As we
found ourselves in a tippling humour, we drank hard, and returned to our employers in
a pretty pickle, that is to say, so-so in the upper story. Signor Sangrado was not aware
of my being drunk, because he took the lively gestures which accompanied the
relation of my quarrel with the little doctor, for an effect of the agitation not yet
subsided after the battle. Besides, he came in for his share in my report; and feeling
himself nettled by Cuchillo -- You have done well, Gil Blas, said he, to defend the
character of our practice against this little abortion of the faculty. So he takes upon
him to set his face against watery drenches in dropsical cases? An ignorant fellow! I
maintain, I do, in my own person, that the use of them may be reconciled to the best
theories. Yes, water is a cure for all sorts of dropsies, just as it is good for
rheumatisms and the green sickness. It is excellent, too, in those fevers where the
effect is at once to parch and to chill, and even miraculous in those disorders ascribed
to cold, thin, phlegmatic, and pituitous humours. This opinion may seem strange to
young practitioners like Cuchillo; but it is right orthodox in the best and soundest
systems: so that if persons of that description were capable of taking a philosophical
view, instead of crying me down, they would become my most zealous advocates.
In his rage, he never suspected me of drinking: for, to exasperate him still
more against the little doctor, I had thrown into my recital some circumstances of my
own addition. Yet, engrossed as he was by what I had told him, he could not help
taking notice that I drank more water than usual that evening.
In fact, the wine had made me very thirsty. Any one but Sangrado would have
distrusted my being so very dry, as to swallow down glass after glass: but as for him,
he took it for granted, in the simplicity of his heart, that I began to acquire a relish for
aqueous potations. Apparently, Gil Blas, said he with a gracious smile, you have no
longer such a dislike to water. As heaven is my judge! you quaff it off like nectar. It is
no wonder, my friend, I was certain you would take a liking to that liquor. Sir, replied
I, there is a tide in the affairs of men: with my present lights, I would give all the wine
in Valladolid for a pint of water. This answer delighted the doctor, who would not
lose so fine an opportunity of expatiating on the excellence of water. He undertook to

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ring the changes once more in its praise, not like a hireling pleader, but as an
enthusiast in the cause. A thousand times, exclaimed he, a thousand and a thousand
times of greater value, as being more innocent than our modern taverns, were those
baths of ages past, whither the people went not shamefully to squander their fortunes
and expose their lives, by swilling themselves with wine, but assembled there for the
decent and economical amusement of drinking warm water. It is difficult enough to
admire the patriotic forecast of those ancient politicians, who established places of
public resort, where water was dealt out gratis to all comers, and who confined wine
to the shops of the apothecaries, that its use might be prohibited but under the
direction of physicians. What a stroke of wisdom! It is doubtless to preserve the seeds
of that antique frugality, emblematic of the golden age, that persons are found to this
day, like you and me, who drink nothing but water, and are persuaded they possess a
prevention or a cure for every ailment, provided our warm water has never boiled; for
I have observed that water, when it has boiled, is heavier, and sits less easily on the
stomach.
While he was holding forth thus eloquently, I was in danger more than once of
splitting my sides with laughing. But I contrived to keep my countenance: nay, more;
to chime in with the doctor's theory. I found fault with the use of wine, and pitied
mankind for having contracted an untoward relish to so pernicious a beverage. Then,
finding my thirst not sufficiently allayed, I filled a large goblet with water, and after
having swilled it like a horse: Come, sir, said I to my master, let us drink plentifully of
this beneficial liquor. Let us make those early establishments of dilution you so much
regret, to live again in your house. He clapped his hands in ecstacy at these words, and
preached to me for a whole hour about suffering no liquid but water to pass my lips.
To confirm the habit, I promised to drink a large quantity every evening; and, to keep
my word with less violence to my private inclinations, I went to bed with a
determined purpose of going to the tavern every day.
The trouble I had got into at the grocer's did not discourage me from
phlebotomizing and prescribing warm water in the usual course. Coming out of a
house where I had been visiting a poet in a phrenzy, I was accosted in the street by an
old woman who came up and asked me if I was a physician. I said yes. As that is the
case, replied she, I entreat you with all humility to go along with me. My niece has
been ill since yesterday, and I cannot conceive what is the matter with her. I followed
the old lady to her house, where I was shown into a very decent room, occupied by a
female who kept her bed. I went near, to consider her case. Her features struck me
from the first; and I discovered beyond the possibility of a mistake, after having
looked at her some little time, the she-adventurer who had played the part of Camilla
so adroitly. For her part, she did not seem to recollect me at all, whether from the
oppression of her disorder, or from my dress as a physician rendering me not easy to
be known again. I took her by the hand, to feel her pulse; and saw my ring upon her
finger. I was all in a twitter at the discovery of a valuable, on which I had a claim both
in law and equity. Great was my longing to make a snatch at it; but considering that
these fair ones would set up a great scream, and that Don Raphael or some other
defender of injured innocence might rush in to their rescue, I laid an embargo on my
privateering. I thought it best to come by my own in an honest way, and to consult
Fabricio about the means. To this last course I stuck. In the mean time the old woman
urged me to inform her with what disease her niece was troubled. I was not fool
enough to own my ignorance; on the contrary, I took upon myself as a man of science,
and after my master's example, pronounced solemnly that the disorder accrued to the
patient from the defect of natural perspiration; that consequently she must lose blood

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as soon as possible, because if we could not open one pore, we always open another:
and I finished my prescription with warm water, to do the thing methodically.
I shortened my visit as much as possible, and ran to the son of Nunez, whom I
met just as he was going out on an errand for his master. I told him my new
adventure, and asked his advice about laying an information against Camilla. Pooh!
Nonsense! replied he; that would not be the way to get your ring again. Those gentry
think restitution double trouble. Call to mind your imprisonment at Astorga; your
horse, your money, your very clothes, did not they all centre in the hands of justice?
We must rather set our wits to work for the recovery of your diamond. I take on
myself the charge of inventing some stratagem for that purpose. I will deliberate it in
my way to the hospital, where I have to say but two words from my master to the
purveyor. Do you wait for me at our house of call, and do not be on the fret: I will be
with you shortly.
I had waited, however, more than three hours at the appointed place, when he
arrived. I did not know him again at first. Besides that he had changed his dress and
platted his hair, a pair of false whiskers covered half his face. He wore an immense
sword with a hilt of at least three feet in circumference, and marched at the head of
five men of as swaggering an air as himself, with bushy whiskers and long rapiers.
Good day to you, Signor Gil Blas, said he by way of salutation; behold an alguazil
upon a new construction, and marshalmen of like materials in these brave fellows my
companions. We have only to be shown where the woman lodges who purloined the
diamond, and we will obtain restitution, take my word for it. I hugged Fabricio at this
discourse, which let me into the plot, and testified loudly my approval of the
expedient. I paid my respects also to the masquerading marshalmen. They were three
servants and two journeymen barbers of his acquaintance, whom he had engaged to
act this farce. I ordered wine to be served round to the detachment, and we all went
together at night-fall to Camilla's residence. The door was shut, and we knocked. The
old woman, taking my companions to be on the scent of justice, and knowing they
would not come into that neighbourhood for nothing, was terribly frightened. Cheer
up again, good mother, said Fabricio; we are only come here upon a little business
which will be soon settled. At these words we made our entry, and found our way to
the sick chamber, under the guidance of the old dowager who walked before us, and
by favour of a wax taper which she carried in a silver candlestick. I took the light,
went to the bed-side, and, making Camilla take particular notice of my features,
Traitress, said I, call to mind the too credulous Gil Blas whom you have deceived Ah!
thou wickedness personified, at last I have caught thee. The corregidor has taken
down my deposition, and ordered this alguazil to arrest you. Come, officer, said I to
Fabricio, do your duty. There is no need, replied he, swelling his voice, to inflame my
severity. The face of that wretch is not new to me: she has long been marked with red
letters in my pocket-book. Get up, my princess, dress your royal person with all
possible dispatch. I will be your squire, and lodge you in durance vile, if you have no
objection.
At these words, Camilla, ill as she was, observing two marshalmen with large
whiskers ready to drag her out of bed by main force, sat up of herself, clasped her
hands in an attitude of supplication; and looking at me ruefully, said, Signor Gil Blas,
have compassion on me: I call as a witness to my entreaties the chaste mother whose
virtues you inherit. Guilty as I am, my misfortunes are greater than my crimes. I will
give you back your diamond, so do not be my ruin. Speaking to this effect, she drew
my ring from her finger, and gave it me back. But I told her my diamond was not
enough, and that she must refund the thousand ducats they had embezzled in the

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ready-furnished lodging. Oh! as for your ducats, replied she, ask me not about them.
That false- hearted deceiver, Don Raphael, whom I have not seen from that time to
this, carried them off the very same night. O ho! my little darling, said Fabricio in his
turn, that will not do, you had a hand in the robbery, whether you went snacks in the
profit or no. You will not come off so cheaply. Your having been accessory to Don
Raphael's manoeuvres is enough to render you liable to an examination. Your past life
is very equivocal; and you must have a good deal upon your conscience. You will
have the goodness, if you please, just to step into the town jail, and there unburden
yourself by a general confession. This good old lady shall keep you company; it is
hard if she cannot tell a world of curious stories, such as Mr Corregidor will be
delighted to hear.
The two women, at these words, brought every engine of pity into play to
soften us. They filled the air with cries, complaints, and lamentations. While the old
woman on her knees, sometimes to the alguazil and sometimes to his attendants,
endeavoured. to melt their stubborn hearts, Camilla implored me, in the most touching
terms, to save her from the hands of justice. I pretended to relent. Officer, said I to the
son of Nunez, since I have got my diamond, I do not much care about anything else. It
would be no pleasure to me to be the means of pain to that poor woman; I want not
the death of a sinner. Out upon you, answered he, you set up for humanity! you would
make a bad tipstaff. I must do my errand. My positive orders are to arrest these virgins
of the sun; his honour the corregidor means to make an example of them. Nay! for
mercy's sake, replied I, pay some little deference to my wishes, and slacken a little of
your severity, on the ground of the present these ladies are on the point of offering to
your acceptance. Oh! that is another matter, rejoined he; that is what you may call a
figure of rhetoric suited to all capacities and all occasions. Well, then, let us see, what
have they to give me? I have a pearl necklace, said Camilla, and drop ear-rings of
considerable value. Yes; but, interrupted he roughly, if these articles are the produce
of the Philippine Isles, I will have none of them. You may take them in perfect safety,
replied she: I warrant them real. At the same time she made the old woman bring a
little box, whence she took out the necklace and ear-rings, which she put within the
grasp of this incorruptible minister. Though he was much such a judge of jewellery as
myself, he had no doubt of the drops being real, as well as the pearls. These trinkets,
said he, after having looked at them minutely, seem to be of good quality and fashion:
and if the silver candlestick is thrown into the bargain, I would not answer for my own
honesty. You had better not, said I in my turn to Camilla, for a trifle, reject so
moderate and fair a composition. While uttering these words, I returned the taper to
the old woman, and handed the candlestick over to Fabricio, who, stopping there
because perhaps he espied nothing else that was portable in the room, said to the two
women: Farewell, my dainty misses, set your hearts at rest, I will report you to his
worship the corregidor, as purer than unsmutched snow. We can turn him round our
finger; and never tell him the truth, but when we are not paid for our lies.

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CH. V. -- Sequel of the foregoing adventure. Gil Blas retires from practice, and
from the neighbourhood of Valladolid.
AFTER having thus carried Fabricio's plan into effect, we took our leave of
Camilla's lodging, hugging ourselves on a success beyond our expectation; for we had
only reckoned on the ring. We carried off without ceremony all we could get besides.
Far from making it a point of conscience not to steal from a description of ladies
whose names are commonly associated with rogues, we thought to cover some scores
of other sins by so meritorious an action. Gentle men, said Fabricio, when we were in
the street, my counsel is for returning to our tavern, and devoting the night to a regale.
To-morrow we will sell the candlestick, the necklace, the drop ear-rings, and then
share the prize money like brother adventurers, after which every man shall tramp
home again, and make the best excuse he can to his master. His worship the alguazil's
idea seemed equally bright and judicious. We returned rank and file to the tavern,
some in the pious hope of finding a plausible excuse for having slept abroad, others in
a desperate indifference about being turned out of doors without a character.
We ordered a good supper to be got ready, and sat down to table with our
physical and mental powers in full vigour. The relish was heightened by a thousand
pleasant anecdotes. Fabricio, of all men in the world, having the happy knack of a
chairman in a company of jovial spirits, kept the table in a roar. There escaped from
him I know not how many charges of true Castilian wit, worth more either in the
schools of philosophy or the exchange of commerce than the drug of Attic salt. While
we were in a full peal of laughter, we were made to laugh on the other side of our
mouths by an unforeseen occurrence. There appeared at table a man of no
contemptible prowess, followed by two other as ill-looking dogs as ever existed. After
this specimen we had three others, and reckoned up to a dozen, marching in by
triplets. They were armed with carbines, swords, and bayonets. We could not mistake
their office, and were at no loss to guess their business. At first we had a mind to be
refractory; but they beset us in an instant, and kept us under, as much by their
numbers as by their weapons. Gentlemen, said the captain commandant in a jeering
strain, I have been informed by what ingenious artifice you have recovered a ring
from the custody of a lady no better than she should be. Undoubtedly, the device was
admirable, and well deserves a civic crown; the patriotism of our police will not be
found wanting. Justice, with her lodgings to let for gentry of your description, will not
be deficient in her acknowledgments for so brilliant a display of genius. The company
to whom this introductory address was directed, looked a little sheepish on the
occasion. Our countenances fell; and Camilla had her full revenge. Fabricio, however,
though pale and puzzled, made an attempt at a defence. Sir, said he, we did it in the
innocence of our hearts, and. of course we shall be forgiven this not immoral fraud?
What the devil, replied the commandant in a rage, do you call this a not immoral
fraud? Moral or immoral, it may bring you to the gallows. Besides that the power of
restitution is too sacred to be assumed by the individual, you have made away with a
candlestick, a necklace, and a pair of drop ear-rings: and what is worse, you have
committed your rascalities in the livery of the law. Scoundrels dressing them selves
up like the pillars of morality to undermine its very foundation! I shall wish you much
joy if you are condemned to nothing worse than mowing the salt marsh. When he had
impressed it on our convictions that the affair was even more serious than our first
fears, we threw ourselves on his mercy, and implored him to have pity on our tender
years, but his stubborn heart was relentless. He rejected moreover the proposal of
relinquishing the necklace, ear-rings, and candlestick; nay, he was deaf to the rhetoric

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of my ring: perhaps because I offered it before too many witnesses: in short, he was
the most obdurate dog of his kennel. He ordered my companions to be handcuffed,
and sent us in a body to the public prison. As we were on our way, one of the
marshalmen acquainted me that Camilla's old vixen, suspecting us not to be licensed
scouts of justice, had dogged us to the tavern; and having satisfied her doubts, in
revenge informed against us to the patrole.
We were searched in the first instance. Away went the necklace, the ear rings,
and the candlestick. They picked my pocket of my ring, and my ruby of the Philippine
Isles; without even sparing the few fees I had received in the forenoon for my
prescriptions: so that it was plain trade was carried on by the same firm at Valladolid
as at Astorga, and that all these reformers held the same creed. While they rifled me
of my trinkets and money, the lord in waiting of the patrole made known our
adventure to the inferior agents of legal rapine. The trespass appeared so audacious
that the majority voted it capital. A few kind souls were of opinion that we might
come off for two hundred lashes a piece, with a few years on board the galleys.
Waiting his worship's sentence, we were locked up in a cell, where we lay upon straw,
spread over our stable like a litter for horses. There might we have foddered for an
age, and at last have been turned out to grass in the galleys, if on the morrow Signor
Manuel Ordonnez had not got wind of our affair, and determined to release Fabricio;
which he could not do without making a general gaol delivery. He was a man of the
first credit in the town: his interest was exerted for us, and partly by his own
influence, and partly by that of his friends, he obtained our enlargement at the end of
three days. But the period of delivery is always moulting time with gaol birds; the
candlestick, the necklace, the ear- rings, my ring, and the ruby, all was left behind.
One could not help repeating those excellent lines of Virgil, beginning with Sic vos
non vobis.
As soon as we were at liberty we returned to our masters. Doctor Sangrado
received me kindly; My poor Gil Blas, said he, it was but this morning I was
acquainted with thy misfortune. I was just setting about an active canvass for thee. We
must derive comfort from adversity, my friend, and attach ourselves more than ever to
the practice of physic. I affirmed that to be my intention; and in truth I laid about me.
Far from wanting employment, it happened by a kind providence, as my master had
foretold, to be a very sickly season. The smallpox and a malignant fever took alternate
possession of the town and the suburbs. All the physicians in Valladolid had their
share of business, and we not the least. We saw eight or ten patients a day; so that the
kettle was kept on the simmer, and the blood in the action of transpiring. But things
will happen cross; they died to a man, either by our fault or their own. If their case
was hopeless, we were not to blame; and if it was not hopeless, they were. Three visits
to a patient was the length of our tether. About the second, we sometimes ran foul of
the undertaker; or when we had been more fortunate than usual, the patient had got no
further than the point of death. As I was but a young physician, not yet hardened to
the trade of an assassin, I grieved over the melancholy issue of my own theory and
practice. Sir, said I, one evening to Doctor Sangrado, I call heaven to witness on the
spot that I have never strayed from your infallible method; and yet I have never saved
a patient: one would think they died out of spite, and were on the other side of the
great medical question. This very day I came across two of them, going into the
country to be buried. My good lad, replied he, my experience nearly comes to the
same point. It is but seldom I have the pleasure of curing my kind and partial friends.
If I had less confidence in my principles, I should think my prescriptions had set their
faces against the work they were intended to perform. If you will take a hint, sir,

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replied I, we had better vary our system. Let us give, by way of experiment, chemical
preparations to our patients; the worst they can do is to tread in the steps of our pure
dilutions and our phlebotomizing evacuations. I would willingly give it a trial,
rejoined he, if it were a matter of indifference, but I have published on the practice of
bleeding and the use of drenches: would you have me cut the throat of my own fame
as an author! Oh! you are in the right, resumed I; our enemies must not gain this
triumph over us; they would say that you were out of conceit with your own systems,
and would ruin your reputation for consistency. Perish the people, perish rather our
nobility and clergy! But let us go on in the old path. After all, our brethren of the
faculty, with all their tenderness about bleeding, have no patent for longevity any
more than ourselves; and we may set off their drugs against our specifics.
We went on working double tides, and did so much execution, that in less than
six weeks we made as many widows and orphans as the siege of Troy. The plague
must have got into Valladolid by the number of funerals. Day after day came some
father or other to know what was become of his son, who was last seen in our hands;
or else a stupid fellow of an uncle, who had a foolish hankering after a deceased
nephew. With respect to the nephews and sons, on whose uncles and fathers we had
equalized our system of destruction, they thought that least said was soonest mended.
Husbands were altogether on their good behaviour, they would not split a hair about
the loss of a wife or two. The real sufferers to whose reproaches we were exposed,
were sometimes quite savage in their grief; without being mealy-mouthed in their
expressions, they called us blockheads and assassins. I was concerned at their bad
language; but my master, who was up to every circumstance, listened to their abuse
with the utmost indifference. Yet I might have grown as callous as himself to popular
reproach, if heaven, interposing its shield between the invalids of Valladolid and one
of their scourges, had not providentially raised up an incident to disgust me with
medicine, which from the outset had been disgusted with me.
The idle fellows about town assembled every day in our neighbourhood for a
game at tennis. Among the number was one of those professed bullies who set up for
great Dons, and are the complete cocks of the tennis-court. He was a Biscayan, and
assumed the title of Don Roderic de Mondragon. His age might be about thirty. His
size was somewhat above the common, but he was lean and bony. Besides two
sparkling little eyes rolling about in his head, and throwing out defiance against all
bystanders, a very broad nose came in between a pair of red whiskers, which turned
up like a hook as high as the temples. His phraseology was so rough and uncouth that
the very sound of his voice would throw a quiet man into an ague. This tyrant over
both the rackets and the game was lord paramount in all disputes between the players;
and there was no appeal from his decisions, but at the risk of receiving a challenge the
next day. Precisely as I have drawn Signor Don Roderic, whom the Don in the
foreground of his titles could never make a gentleman, Signor Don Roderic was sweet
upon the mistress of the tennis-court. She was a woman of forty, in good
circumstances, as charming as forty can well be, just entering on the second year of
her widowhood. I know not how he made himself agreeable; certainly not by his
exterior recommendations, but probably by that within which passeth show. However
that might be, she took a fancy to him, and began to turn her thoughts towards the
holy state of matrimony; but while that great event was in agitation, for the
punishment of her sins she was taken with a malignant fever, and with me for a
physician. Had the disorder been ever so slight, my practice would have made a
serious job of it. At the expiration of four days there was not a dry eye in the tennis-
court. The mistress joined the outward- bound colony of my patients, and her family

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administered to her effects. Don Roderic, distracted at the loss of his mistress, or
rather disappointed of a good establishment, was not satisfied with fretting and
fuming at me, but swore he would run me through the body, or even frown me into a
nonentity. A good-natured neighbour apprised me of this vow, with a caution to keep
at home, for fear of coming across this devil of a fellow. This warning, though taken
in good part, was a source of anxiety and apprehension. I was eternally fancying the
enraged Biscayan laying siege to the outworks of my citadel. There was no getting a
moment's respite from alarm. This circumstance weaned me from the practice of
medicine, and I thought of nothing but deliverance from my horrors. On went my
embroidered suit once more. Taking leave of my master, who did all he could to
detain me, I got out of town with the dawn, not heedless of that terrible Don Roderic,
who might waylay me on the road.

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CH. VI. -- His route from Valladolid, with a description of his fellow-traveller.
I TRUDGED on at a great rate, and looked behind from time to time, to see if
that dreadful Biscayan was not following me. My imagination was so engrossed by
the fellow, that he haunted me in every tree and bush; my heart was in my mouth for
fear at every foot-fall. But I took courage again at the distance of about a league, and
went on more gently towards Madrid, whither I proposed directing my steps. I had no
attachment to Valladolid. All my regret was at tearing myself from Fabricio, my dear
Pylades, of whom I had not so much as taken my leave. It was no grievance to give up
physic; on the contrary, I prayed heaven to forgive me for having tampered with it.
Yet I did not count over the contents of my purse with less pleasure, because they
were the wages of murder. In this I took after those ladies who retire with a fortune to
lead pious lives, and think it hard if they may not fatten religiously on the hard
earnings of their libertine profession. I had, in rials, somewhere about the value of five
ducats, and this was the sum total of my property. With these I designed repairing to
Madrid, where I had no doubt of finding a good service. Besides, I wished above all
things to be in that magnificent city, the boasted epitome of the world and all its
wonders.
While I was recollecting what I had heard of it, and enjoying beforehand the
pleasures it affords, I heard the voice of a man coming after me, and singing till he
had scraped his throat. He had a wallet on his back, a guitar suspended from his neck,
and a long sword by his side. He got on at such a rate, as soon to overtake me. Who
should it be but one of the two journeymen barbers with whom I had been in gaol for
the adventure of the ring. We knew one another at once, though we had shifted our
dresses, and were in a thousand marvels at meeting so unexpectedly on the highway.
If I testified my delight at having such a fellow-traveller, he seemed on his side to feel
an excess of rapture at the renewal of our acquaintance. I told him why I had left
Valladolid, and he trusted his own secret to me in return, by stating himself to have
had a little brush with his master, on which they had taken an everlasting leave of one
another. Had it been my pleasure, continued he, to have taken up my abode longer in
Valladolid, ten shops would take me in for one that would have turned me out; since,
vanity apart, I may safely say there is not a barber in all Spain better qualified to
shave all sorts of beards, with the grain or against the grain, and to curl a pair of
whiskers. But I could no longer fight against a hankering after my native place,
whence I departed full ten years since. I wish to inhale a little of my own country air,
and to learn the present situation of my family. I shall be among them the day after to-
morrow, at a place called Olmédo, a populous village on this side of Segovia.
I resolved on accompanying this barber home, and going to Segovia for the
chance of a cast to Madrid. We began entertaining one another with indifferent
subjects as we went along. The young fellow was perfectly good-humoured, with a
ready wit. After an hour's conversation, he asked me if I was hungry. I referred him to
the first house of call for my answer. To stop dilapidations till we get there, said he,
we may renew our term by a little breakfast from my wallet. When I am on a journey I
am always my own caterer. None of your woollen drapery, nor linen drapery, nor any
of your frippery or trumpery. I hate ostentation. My wallet contains nothing but a little
exercise for my grinders, my razors, and a wash-ball. I extolled his discretion, and
agreed with all my heart to the bargain he proposed. My appetite was keen and sharp
set for a comfortable meal; after what he had said, I could expect no less. We drew
aside a little from the high road, and sat down upon the grass. There my little
journeyman barber laid out his provisions, consisting of five or six onions, with some

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scraps of bread and cheese; but the best lot in the auction was a little leathern bottle,
full, as he said, of choice, delicate wine. Though the solids were not very relishing,
the calls of hunger did not allow either of us to be dainty; and we emptied the bottle
too, containing about two pints of a wine one could not recommend without some
remorse of conscience. We then rose from table and set out again on the tramp in high
glee. The barber, who had heard some little snatches of my story from Fabricio,
entreated me to furnish him with the whole from the best authority. It was impossible
to refuse so munificent a host; I therefore gave him the satisfaction he required. In my
turn I called on him, as an acknowledgement of my frankness, to communicate the
leading circumstances of his terrestrial peregrinations. Oh! as for my adventures,
exclaimed he, they are scarcely worth re cording, a mere catalogue of common
occurrences. Nevertheless, since we have nothing else to do, I will run over the
narrative, such as it is. At the same time he entered on the recital nearly in the
following terms.

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CH. VII. -- The journeyman barber's story.

I TAKE up my tale from the origin of things. My grandfather, Ferdinand Perez
de la Fuenta, barber-general to the village of Olmédo for fifty years, died, leaving four
sons. The eldest, Nicholas, succeeded to the shop, and lathered himself into the good
graces of the customers. Bertrand, the next, having taken a fancy to trade, set up for a
mercer; and Thomas, who was the third, turned schoolmaster. As for the fourth, by
name Pedro, feeling within himself the high destinies of learning, he sold a dirty acre
or two which fell to his share, and went to settle at Madrid, where he hoped one day to
distinguish himself by his genius and erudition. The other three brothers would not
part; they fixed their quarters at Olmédo, marrying peasants' daughters, who brought
their husbands very little dowry, except an annual present of a chopping young rustic.
They had a most public-spirited emulation in child-bearing. My mother, the barber's
wife, favoured the world with a contribution of six within the first five years of her
marriage. I was among the number. My father initiated me betimes in the mysteries of
shaving; and when he saw me grown up to the age of fifteen, laid this wallet across
my shoulders, presented me with a long sword, and said -- Go, Diego, you are now
qualified to gain your own livelihood; go and travel about. You want a little
acquaintance with the world to give you a polish, and improve you in your art. Off
with you! and do not return to Olmédo till you have made the tour of Spain, nor let me
hear of you till that is accomplished. Finishing with this injunction, he embraced me
with fatherly affection, and shoved me out of doors by the shoulders.
Such were the parting benedictions of my sire. As for my mother, who had
more the touch of nature in her manners, she seemed to feel somewhat at my
departure. She dropped a few tears, and even slipped a ducat by stealth into my hand..
Thus was I sent from Olmédo into the wide world, and took the road of Segovia. I did
not go two hundred yards without stopping to examine my bag. I had a mind to view
its contents, and to know the precise amount of my possessions. There I found a case
with two razors, which must have travelled post over the chins of ten generations, by
the evidence of their wear and tear, with a strap to set them, and a bit of soap. In
addition to this, a coarse shirt quite new, a pair of my father's shoes quite old, and
what rejoiced me more than all the rest, a rouleau of twenty rials in a linen bag.
Behold the sum total of my personals. You may conclude master Nicholas, the barber,
to have reckoned a good deal on my ingenuity, by his turning me adrift with so
slender a provision. Yet a ducat and twenty rials, by way of fortune, was enough to
turn the head of a young man unaccustomed to money concerns. I fancied my stock of
cash inexhaustible; and pursued my journey in the sun shine of brilliant anticipation,
looking from time to time at the hilt of my rapier, while the blade was striking against
the calf of my leg at every step, or tripping up my heels.
In the evening I reached the village of Ataquinés with a very catholic stomach.
I put up at the inn; and, as if I meant to spend freely, asked, in a lofty tone, what there
was for supper. The landlord examined my pretensions with his eye, and finding
according to what cloth my coat was cut, said with true publican's civility -- Yes, yes,
my worthy master, you shall have no reason to complain; we will treat you like a lord.
With this assurance, he showed me into a little room, whither he brought me, a quarter
of an hour afterwards, a ragout made of a great he cat, on which I feasted with as
famous an appetite as if it had been hare or rabbit. This excellent dish was washed
down by so choice a wine, that the king had no better in his cellars. I found out,
however, that it was pricked; but that was no hindrance to my doing it as much honour
as the he cat. The last article in this entertainment for a lord was a bed better adapted

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to drive sleep away than to invite it. Figure it to yourself about the width of a coffin,
and so short that I could not stretch my legs, though none of the longest. Besides,
there was neither mattress nor feather bed, but merely a little straw sewed up in a
sheet folded double, which was laid down clean for every hundredth traveller, and
served the other ninety-nine, one after another, without washing. Nevertheless, in such
a bed, with a stomach distended to a surfeit by fricasseed cat, and then raked by sour
wine, thanks to youth and a good constitution, I slept soundly, and passed the night
without being disturbed.
On the following day when I had breakfasted, and paid the reckoning as I had
been treated, like a lord, I made but one stage to Segovia. On my arrival, I had the
good fortune to find a shop, where they took me in for my board and lodging; but I
staid there only six months; a journeyman barber, with whom I got acquainted, was
going to Madrid, and drew me in to set off with him. I had no difficulty in procuring a
situation on the same footing as at Segovia. I got into a shop of the very best custom.
It is true, it was near the church of the Holy Cross, and that the neighbourhood of the
Prince's Theatre brought a great deal of business. My master, two stirring fellows, and
myself, could scarcely lather the chins of the people who came to be shaved. They
were of all trades and conditions; among the rest, players and authors. One day, two
persons of the last description happened to meet. They began conversing about the
poets and pieces in vogue, when one of them mentioned my uncle's name: a
circumstance which drew my attention more particularly to their discourse. Don Juan
de Zavaleta, said one, will never do any good as an author. A man of a cold genius,
without a spark of fancy! he has written himself down at a terrible rate by his last
publication. And Louis Velez de Guevara, said the other, what has he done? A fine
work to bring before the public! Was there ever anything so wretched? They
mentioned I know not how many poets besides, whose names I have forgotten: I only
recollect that they said no good of them. As for my uncle, they made a more
honourable mention of him, agreeing that he was a personage of merit, Yes, said one,
Don Pedro de la Fuenta is an excellent author; there is a sly humour in his
compositions, blended with solid sense, which communicates an attic poignancy to
their general effect. I am not surprised at his popularity both in court and city, nor at
the pensions settled on him by the great. For many years past, said the other, he has
enjoyed a very large income. He lives at the Duke de Medina Coeli's table, and has an
apartment in his house, so that he is at no expense: he must be very well in the world.
I lost not a syllable of what these poets were saying about my uncle. We had
learnt in the family, that he made a noise in Madrid by his works; some travellers,
passing through Olmédo, had told us so; but as he took no notice of us, and seemed to
have weaned himself from all natural ties, we on our side lived in a state of perfect
indifference about him. Yet nature will prevail: as soon as I had heard that he was in a
fair way, and had learned where he lived, I was tempted to go and call upon him. One
thing staggered me a little; the literati had styled him Don Pedro. This don was an
awkward circumstance: I had my doubts whether he might not be some other poet of
the name, and not my uncle. Yet that apprehension did not damp my ardour. I thought
he might have been ennobled for his wit, and determined to pay him a visit. For this
purpose, with my master's leave, I tricked myself out one morning as well as I could,
and sallied from our shop, a little proud of being nephew to a man who had gained so
high a character by his genius. Barbers are not the most diffident people in the world.
I began to conceive no mean opinion of myself; and riding the high horse with all the
arrogance of greatness, inquired my way to the Duke de Medina Coeli's palace. I rang
at the gate, and said, I wanted to speak with Signor Don Pedro de la Fuenta. The

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porter pointed with his finger to a narrow staircase at the fag end of the court, and
answered -- Go up there, then knock at the first door on your right. I did as he directed
me; and knocked at a door. It was opened by a young man, whom I asked if those
were the apartments of Signor Don Pedro de la Fuenta. Yes, answered he, but you
cannot speak to him at present. I should be very glad, said I, just to say, How are you?
I bring him news of his family. An you brought him news of the pope, replied he, I
could not introduce you just now. He is writing, and while his wits are at work, he
must not be disturbed. He will not be able to receive company till noon; take a turn,
and come back about that time.
I departed, and walked about town all the morning, incessantly meditating on
the reception my uncle would give me. I think, said I within myself; he will be
overjoyed to see me. I measured his feelings by my own, and prepared myself for a
very affecting discovery. I returned punctually to the appointed hour. You are just in
time, said the servant: my master was going out. Wait here a moment: I will announce
you. With these words, he left me in the ante-chamber. He returned almost
immediately, and showed me into his master's room. The face struck me all at once as
a family likeness. To be sure he was the very image of my uncle Thomas; they might
have been taken for twins. I bowed down to the ground, and introduced myself as the
son of Master Nicholas de la Fuenta, the barber of Olmédo. I likewise informed him,
that I had been working at my father's trade in Madrid, for these three weeks, as a
journeyman, and intended making the tour of Spain to complete my education. While
I was speaking, my uncle was evidently in a brown study. He seemed to doubt
whether he should disown me at once, or get rid of me with some little sacrifice to
decency. The latter course he adopted. Affecting the affable: Well, my good kinsman,
how are your father and your uncles? Do they get on in the world? I began thereupon
by laying before him the family knack at propagation. All the children, male and
female, called over by their names, with their godfathers and godmothers included in
the list! He took no extravagant interest in the particulars of my tale; but leading to his
own purposes, Diego, replied he, I am quite of your mind. You should go from place
to place, and see a variety of practice. I would not have you tarry longer at Madrid: it
is a very dangerous residence for youth; you may get into bad habits, my sweet
fellow. Other towns will suit you better; the state of society in the provinces is more
patriarchal and philosophical. Determine on emigration; and when your departure is
fixed, come and take your leave. I will contribute a pistole to the tour of Spain. With
this kind assurance, he handed me out of the room, and sent me packing.
I had not worldly wisdom enough to find out that he wanted to get quit of me.
I went back to our shop, and gave my master an account of the visit I had paid. He
looked no deeper than myself into Signor Don Pedro's motives, and observed: I
cannot help differing from your worthy uncle, so far from advising you to travel the
provinces, the real thing would be, in my opinion, to give you a comfortable
settlement in this city. He is hand in glove with the first people; it is an easy matter for
him to establish you in a great family; and that is a for tune at once. Struck with this
lucky discovery, which seemed to settle the point without difficulty, I called on my
uncle again two days afterwards, and made a proposal to him for a situation about
some leading character at court. But the hint was not taken kindly. A proud man,
living at free quarters among the great, and dining with them in a family party, did not
exactly wish that, while he was sitting at my lord's table, his nephew should be a guest
in the servants' hall. Little Diego might bring a scandal on Signor Don Pedro. He had
no hesitation, therefore, in fairly turning me out of doors, and that with a flea in my
ear. What, you little rascal, said he in a fit of extravagance, do you mean to relinquish

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your calling? Begone, I consign you to the reptile whose pernicious counsels will be
your ruin. Take your leave of these premises, and never set your foot on them again,
or you shall have the reception you deserve! I was absolutely stunned at this language,
and still more at the peremptory tone my uncle assumed. With tears in my eyes I
withdrew, quite overcome by his severity. Yet, as I had always been lively and
confident in my temper, I soon wiped away my tears. My grief was even turned into
resentment, and I determined to take no further notice of this unnatural relative, whose
kind offices I had hitherto been contented to want.
My attention was henceforth directed to the cultivation of my professional
talent; I was quite a plodding fellow at my trade. I scraped away all day; and in the
evening, by way of relief to my scraping, I twanged the guitar. My master on that
instrument was an old Senor Escudero whom I shaved. He taught me music in return;
and he was an adept. To be sure he had formerly been a chorister in a cathedral. His
name was Marcos de Obregon. He was a man of the world, with good natural parts
and acquired knowledge, which jointly induced him to fix on me as an adopted son.
He was engaged as an attendant on a physician's lady, resident within thirty yards of
our house. I went to him in the evening, when shop was shut, and we two, sitting on
the threshold of the door, made up a little concert not displeasing to the
neighbourhood. It was not that our voices were very fine; but in thrumming on the
catgut, we made a pretty regular accompaniment to our duet, and filled up the
harmony sufficiently for the gratification of our hearers. Our music was particularly
agreeable to Donna Mergelina, the physician's wife; she came into the passage to hear
us, and sometimes encored us in her favourite airs. Her husband did not interfere with
her amusement. Though a Spaniard and in years, he was not possessed with jealousy;
besides, his profession took up all his time; and as he came home in the evening, worn
out with his numerous visits, he went to bed at an early hour, without troubling
himself about his wife or our concerts. Possibly, if he thought about them at all, he
might consider them as little likely to produce dangerous consequences. He had an
additional security in his wife. Mergelina was young and handsome with a witness;
but of so fierce a modesty, that she started at the very shadow of a man. How could he
take umbrage at an amusement of so harmless and decorous a nature? He gave us
leave to sing our hearts out.
One evening, as I came to the physician's door, intending to take my usual
recreation, I found the old squire waiting for me. He took me by the hand: saying that
he wished to take a little walk with me before we struck up our little concert. At the
same time he drew me aside into a by-street, where, finding an opportunity of opening
his mind: Diego, my good lad, said he with a melancholy air, I want to give you a hint
in private. I much fear, my good and amiable youth, that we shall both have reason to
repent of beguiling our evenings with little musical parties at my master's door. Rely
on my sincere friendship: I do not grudge your lessons in singing and on the guitar;
but if I could have foreseen the storm now brewing, in the name of charity! I would
have selected some other spot to communicate my instructions. This address alarmed
me. I entreated the gentle squire to be more explicit, and to tell me what we had to
fear; for I was no Hector, and the tour of Spain was not yet finished. I will relate to
you, replied he, what it concerns you to know, that you may take proper measure of
our present danger.
When I got into the service of the physician, about a year ago, he said one
morning, after having introduced me to his wife: There, Marcos, you see your
mistress; that is the lady you are to accompany in all her peregrinations. I was smitten
with Donna Mergelina: she was lovely in the extreme, a model for an artist, and her

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principal attraction was the pleasantness of her deportment. Honoured sir, replied I to
the physician, it is too great a happiness to be in the train of so charming a lady. My
answer was taken amiss by Mergelina, who said rather crustily, A pleasant gentleman
this! He is perfectly free and easy. Believe me! His fine speeches may go a begging
for me. These words, dropped from such lovely lips, seemed rather inconsistent; the
manners and ideas of bumpkins and dairy-maids coupled with all the graces of the
most lovely woman in the world! As for her husband, he was used to her ways; and,
hugging himself on the unrivalled character of his rib, Marcos, said he, my wife is a
miracle of chastity. Then, observing her put on her veil, and make herself ready to go
to mass, he told me to attend on her at church. We were no sooner in the street than
we met, and it was no wonder, blades who, struck with Donna Mergelina's genteel
carriage, told her a thousand flattering tales as they passed by. She was not backward
in her answers; but silly and ill-timed, beyond what you can conceive. They were all
in amaze, and could not imagine how a woman should take it amiss to be
complimented. Why really! madam, said I to her at first, you had better be silent, or
shut your ears to their addresses, than reply with asperity. No, no, replied she: I will
teach these coxcombs that I am not a woman to put up with impertinence. In short, her
absurdity went so far, that I could not help telling her my mind, at the hazard of her
displeasure. I gave her to understand, yet with the greatest possible caution, that she
was unjust to nature, whose handiwork she marred by her preposterous ferocity; that a
woman of mild and polished manners might inspire love without the aid of beauty;
whereas the loveliest of the sex, divested of female softness, was in danger of
becoming the public scorn. To this ratiocination, I added collateral arguments, always
directed to the amendment of her manners. After having moralized to no purpose, I
was afraid my freedom might exasperate my mistress, and draw upon me some
taunting repartee. Nevertheless she did not mutiny against my advice; but silently
rendered it of no avail, and thus we went on from day to day.
I was weary of pointing out her errors to no purpose, and gave her up to the
ferocious temperament of her nature. Yet, could you think it? the savage humour of
that proud woman is entirely changed within these two months. She has a kind word
for all the world, and manners the most accommodating. It is no longer the same
Mergelina who gave such homely answers to the compliments of her swains: she is
become assailable by flattery; loves to be told she is handsome, that a man cannot
look at her without paying for it: her ears itch for fine speeches, and she is become a
very woman. Such a change is almost inconceivable: and the best of the joke is, that
you are the worker of this unparalleled miracle. Yes, my dear Diego, it is you who
have transformed Donna Mergelina; you have softened down the tigress into a
domestic animal; in a word, you have made her feel. I have observed it more than
once; and never trust my knowledge of the sex, if she is not desperately in love with
you. Such, my dear boy, is the melancholy news I have to communicate, the awkward
predicament in which we stand.
I do not see, said I in my turn to the old man, that there is anything so
melancholy in this accident, or any peculiar awkwardness in being the object of a
pretty woman's partiality. Ah! Diego, replied he, you argue like a young man: you
only see the bait, without guarding against the hook: pleasure is your lure; while my
thoughts are directed to the unpleasant circumstances attending it. Murder will out. If
you go on singing at our door, you will provoke Mergelina's passion; and she
probably, losing all command over herself; will betray her weakness to her husband,
Doctor Oloroso. That wretched husband, so complying now that he thinks there is no
ground for jealousy, will run wild, take signal vengeance upon her, and perhaps play

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some dog's trick or other to you and me. Well, then! rejoined I, your reasons shall be
conclusive with me, and your sage counsels my rule. Lay down the line of conduct I
am to adopt for the prevention of any left-handed catastrophe. We will have no more
concerts, was his peremptory decree. Do not show yourself any more to my mistress:
when the sight of you does not inflame her, she will recover her composure. Stay
within doors: I will call in upon you, and we will torture the guitar with impunity.
With all my heart, said I, and I will never set my foot again in your premises. In good
truth, I was determined to serenade no longer before the physician's door, but
henceforth to keep within the precincts of my shop, since my attractions as a man
were so formidable.
In the mean time good Squire Marcos, with all his prudence, experienced in
the course of a few days that the plan he had devised to quench Donna Mergelina's
flame produced a directly opposite effect. The lady on the second night not hearing
me sing, asked why we had discontinued our concerts, and the reason of my absence.
He told her I was so busy as not to have a moment to spare for relaxation. She seemed
satisfied with that excuse, and for three days longer bore the disappointment of all her
hopes like a heroine; but at the end of that period, my martyr to the tender passion lost
all patience, and said to her conductor - - You are playing false with me, Marcos;
Diego has not discontinued his visits without a cause. This mystery must be
unravelled. Speak, I command you; conceal nothing from me. Madam, answered he,
making use of another subterfuge, since the truth must be told, it has often happened
to him to find the cloth taken away at home after the concert; he cannot run the risk
any longer of going to bed without his supper. What, without his supper! exclaimed
she in an agony, why did not you tell me so sooner? Go to bed without his supper!
Oh! the poor little sufferer! Go to him this instant, and let him come again this
evening; he shall not go home starving any more, there shall always be a luncheon for
him.
What do I hear? said the squire, affecting astonishment at this language; oh
heaven, what a reverse! Is this you, madam, and are these your sentiments? Well-a-
day! Since when are you so compassionate and tender-hearted? Since, replied she
significantly, since you have lived in this house, or rather since you disapproved my
disdainful manners, and have laboured to soften the acrimony of my temper. But,
alas! added she, in a melting mood, I have gone from one extreme to the other. Proud
and insensible as I was, I am become too susceptible, too tender. I am enamoured of
your young friend Diego, and I can not help myself; his absence, far from allaying my
ardour, only adds fuel to the fire. Is it possible, resumed the old man, that a young
fellow with neither face nor person should have inspired so strong a passion? I could
make allowance for your feelings, if they had been set afloat by some nobleman of
distinguished merit -- Ah! Marcos, interrupted Mergelina, I am not like the rest of my
sex; or rather, spite of your long experience, your penetration is but shallow if you
fancy merit to have much share in our choice. Judging by myself, we all leap before
we look. Love is a mental derangement, forcibly drawing all our views and
attachments into one vortex; a species of hydrophobia. Have done then with your
hints that Diego is not worthy of my tenderness; that he has it is enough, to invest him
with a thousand perfections too aetherial for your gross sight, and perhaps too
unsubstantial for any but a lover's perception. In vain you disparage his features or his
stature; in my eyes he was created to undo, and encircled by the hand of nature with
the glories of the opening day. Nay, more, there is a thrilling sweetness in his voice;
his touch on the guitar has the taste of an amateur, and the execution of a professor.
But, madam, subjoined Marcos, do you consider who Diego is? The meanness of his

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station -- My own is very little better, interrupted she again; though were I of noble
birth, it would make no difference in my sensations.
The result of that conference was that the squire, concluding he should make
no impression on the mind of his mistress, gave over struggling with her obstinacy, as
a skilful pilot runs before the storm, though it carries him out to sea from his intended
port. He did more: to satisfy his patroness he paid me a visit, took me aside, and after
having related what had passed between them -- You see, Diego, said he, that we
cannot dispense with the performance of our concerts at Mergelina's door. Absolutely,
my friend, that lady must see you again; otherwise she may commit some act of
desperation fatal to her good name. I was not inexorable, but answered Marcos that I
would attend with my guitar early in the evening; and dispatched him to his mistress
with the happy tidings. He executed his office, and the impassioned dame was out of
her wits with joy, in the delicious prospect of hearing and seeing me in a few hours.
A most disagreeable circumstance, however, was very near disappointing her
in that hope. I could not leave home before night, and for my sins, it was dark as
pitch. I went groping along the street, and had got, may be, half way, when down from
a window came upon my head the contents of a perfuming pan, which did not tickle
my olfactory nerves very pleasantly. I may say that not a whiff was wasted, so exactly
had the giver taken measure of the receiver. In this situation I was at a loss on what to
resolve: to go back by the way I came, what an exhibition before my comrades! It was
surrendering myself to all their nasty witticisms. Then again, go to Mergelina in such
a glorious trim, that hurt my feelings on the other side. I determined, at length, to get
on towards the physician's. The old usher was waiting for me at the door. He said that
Doctor Oloroso was gone to bed, and we might amuse ourselves as we liked. I
answered that the first thing was to purify my drapery, at the same time relating my
misfortune. He seemed to feel for me, and showed me into a hall where his mistress
was sitting. As soon as the lady got wind of my adventure, and had confirmed the
testimony of her nose by the evidence of her eyes, she mourned over me as grievously
as if my miseries had been mortal; then, apostrophising the absent cause of my foul
array, she uttered a thousand imprecations. Well, but madam! said Marcos, do
moderate this ecstacy of grief; consider that such casualties will happen, there is no
occasion to take on so bitterly. Why, exclaimed she with vehemence, why would you
debar me from the privilege of weeping over the injuries of this tender lamb, this dove
without gall, who does not so much as murmur at the affront he has sustained? Alas!
why am I not a man at this moment to avenge him!
She uttered numberless soothing expressions besides, to mark distinctly the
excess of her devotion, and her actions corresponded with her words; for while
Marcos was employed in wiping me down with a towel, she ran into her chamber and
brought out a box furnished with every variety of perfumes. She burned sweet-
smelling drugs, and perfumed my clothes with them, after which she drenched me in a
deluge of essences. The fumigation and aspersion ended, this bountiful lady went
herself and fetched from the kitchen bread, wine, and some good slices of roast
mutton, set by on purpose for me. She forced me to eat, and taking a pleasure in
waiting on me, sometimes carved for me, and some times filled my glass, in spite of
all that Marcos and myself could do to anticipate her condescension. When I had done
supper, the gentlemen of the orchestra struck the key note, and tuned their sweet
voices to the pitch of their guitars. We played and sung to the heart's delight of
Mergelina. To be sure we took care to carol none but amorous ditties; and as we sung,
I every now and then leered at her with such a roguish meaning, as to throw oil upon
the fire, for the game began to be interesting. The concert, though the acts were long,

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was not tedious. As for the lady, to whom hours seemed to fly like seconds, she could
have been content to exhaust the night in listening, if the old squire, with whom the
seconds seemed to lag like hours, had not hinted how late it was. She gave him the
trouble of enforcing his moral on the lapse of time by at least ten repetitions. But she
was in the hands of a man not to be turned aside from his purpose, he let her have no
rest till I was gone. Sensible and provident as he was, seeing his mistress given up to a
mad passion, he dreaded lest our harmony should be resolved by some discord. His
fears were ominous: the physician, whether his mind misgave him of foul play, or the
spirit of jealousy, hitherto on its good behaviour, had a mind to harass him
gratuitously, bethought himself of quarrelling with our concerts. He did more, he put a
broad negative upon them; and, without assigning his reasons for acting in this violent
way, declared that he would suffer no more strangers to come about his premises.
Marcos acquainted me with this mortifying declaration, particularly levelled
against my rising hopes. I had begun bobbing at this dainty cherry, and did not like to
lose my game. Nevertheless, to act the part of a faithful reporter and true historian, I
must own my impatience did not affect my health or spirits. Not so with Mergelina,
her feelings were more alive than ever. My dear Marcos, said she to her usher, it is
only from you that I look for succour. Contrive, I beseech you, that I may see Diego
in private. What do you require? asked the old man with a reproachful accent. I have
been but too indulgent to you. I am not a person to crown your wanton wishes at the
expense of my master's honour, your good fame, and my own eternal infamy; the
infamy of a man whose past life has been one continued series of faithful service and
exemplary conduct. I had rather leave the family than stay in it on such scandalous
conditions. Alas! Marcos, interrupted the lady, frightened out of her wits at these last
words, you wring my heart by talking in this manner. Obdurate man! Can you bear the
thought of sacrificing her who lays all her present agony to your account? Give me
back my former pride, and that savage soul you have taken from me. Why am I no
longer happy in my very imperfections? I might now have been at peace, but your
rash counsels have robbed me of the repose I then enjoyed. You, the corrector of my
manners, have tampered with my morals -- But why do I rave, unhappy wretch as I
am? why upbraid you thus wrongfully? No, my guardian angel, you are not the fatal
source of my miseries; my evil destiny had decreed these tortures to await me. Lay
not to heart, I conjure you on my knees, these transports of a disordered imagination.
Oh mercy! my passion drives me mad, have compassion on my weakness; you are my
sole support and stay: if then my life is not indifferent to you, deny me not your aid.
At these words her tears flowed in fresh torrents, and stifled her lugubrious
accents. She took out her handkerchief, and throwing it over her face, fell into a chair,
like a person overcome by her affliction. Old Marcos, who was perhaps one of the
most tractable go-betweens in the world, could no longer steel his heart against so
touching a spectacle. Pierced to the quick, he even mingled his tears with those of his
mistress, and spoke to her in a softened tone -- Ah! madam, why are you thus
bewitching! I cannot hold out against your sorrowful complaints, my virtue yields
under the pressure of my pity. I promise you all the relief in my power. No longer do I
marvel at the oblivious influence of passion over duty, since mere sympathy can
mislead my footsteps from its thorny paths. Thus did this pander, whose past life had
been one continued series of faithful service and exemplary conduct, sell himself to
the devil to feed Mergelina's illicit flame. One morning he came and talked over the
whole business with me, saying at his departure, that he had a scheme in his head, to
bring about a private interview between us. At the thought my hopes were all re-
kindled, but they glimmered tremblingly in the socket at a piece of news I heard two

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hours afterwards. A journeyman apothecary in the neighbourhood, one of our

customers, came in to be shaved. While I was making ready to trim his bushy
honours, he said -- Master Diego, do you know anything about your friend, the old
usher, Marcos de Obregon? Is he not going to leave Doctor Oloroso? I said, No. But
he is though, replied he; he will get his dismission this very day. His master and mine
were talking about it just now in my hearing, and their conversation was to the
following effect: -- Signor Apuntador, said the physician, I have a favour to beg of
you. I am not easy about an old usher of mine, and should like to place my wife under
the eye of a trusty, strict, and vigilant duenna. I understand you, interrupted my
master. You want Dame Melancia, my wife's directress, and indeed mine for the last
six weeks, since I have been a widower. Though she would be very useful to me in
housewifery, I give her up to you, from a paramount regard to your honour. You may
rely upon her for the security of your brow; she is the phoenix of the duenna tribe -- a
spring-gun and a man- trap set in the purlieus of female chastity. During twelve whole
years that she was about my wife, whose youth and beauty, you know, were not
without their attractions, I never saw the least semblance of manhood within my
doors. No, no! by all the powers! That game was not so easily played. And yet I must
let you know that the departed saint, heaven rest her soul! had in the outset a great
hankering after the delights of the flesh; but Dame Melancia cast her in a new mould,
and regenerated her to virtue and self-denial. In short, such a guardian of the weaker
sex is a treasure, and you will never have done thanking me for my precious gift.
Hereupon the doctor expressed his rapture at the issue of the conference; and they
agreed, Signor Apuntador and he, on the duenna's succeeding the old usher on this
very day.
This news, which I thought probable, and turned out to be true, disturbed the
pleasurable ideas, just beginning to flow afresh, and renovate my soul. After dinner,
Marcos completed the convulsion, by confirming the young drugpounder's story: My
dear Diego, said the good squire, I am heartily glad that Doctor Oloroso has turned me
off; it spares me a world of trouble. Besides that it hurt my feelings to be invested
with the office of a spy, endless must have been the shifts and subterfuges to bring
you and Mergelina together in private. We should have been rarely gravelled! Thanks
to heaven, I am set free from all such perplexing cares, to say nothing of their
attendant danger. On your part, my dear boy, you ought to be comforted for the loss of
a few soft moments, which must have been dogged at the heels by a thousand fears
and vexations. I relished Marcos' sermon well enough, because my hopes were at an
end, the game was lost. I was not, it must be confessed, among the number of those
stubborn lovers who bear up against every impediment; but though I had been so,
Dame Melancia would have made me let go my hold. The established character of
that duenna would have daunted the adventurous spirit of a knight-errant. Yet, in
whatever colours this phoenix of the duenna tribe might have been painted, I had
reason to know, two or three days after wards, that the physician's lady had unset the
man-trap and spring-gun, and given a stop to this watch-dog of lubricity. As I was
going out to shave one of our neighbours, a civil old gentlewoman stopped me in the
street, and asked if my name was Diego de la Fuenta. I said, Yes. That being the case,
replied she, I have a little business with you. Place yourself this evening at Donna
Mergelina's door; and when you are there, give a signal, and you shall be let in. Vastly
well! said I, what must the signal be? I can take off a cat to the life: suppose I was to
mew a certain number of times? The very thing, replied this Iris of intrigue; I will
carry back your answer. Your most obedient, Signor Diego! Heaven protect the sweet
youth! Ah! you are a pretty one! By St Agnes, I wish I was but sweet fifteen, I would

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not go to market for other folks! With this hint, the old procuress waddled out of
sight.
You may be sure this message put me in no small flutter. Where now was the
morality of Marcos? I waited for night with impatience, and, calculating the time of
Dr Oloroso's going to bed, took my station at his door. There I set up my
caterwauling, till you might hear me ever so far off, to the eternal honour of the
master who instructed me in that imitative art. A moment after Mergelina opened the
door softly with her own dear hands, and shut it again with me on the inside. We went
into the hall, where our last concert had been performed. It was dimly lighted by a
small lamp, which twinkled in the chimney. We sat down side by side, and began our
tender parley, each of us overcome by our emotions, but with this difference; that hers
were all inspired by pleasure, while mine were somewhat tainted by fear. In vain did
the divinity of my adorations assure me that we had nothing to fear from her husband.
I felt the access of an ague, which unmanned my vigour. Madam, said I, how have
you eluded the vigilance of your directress? After what I have heard of Dame
Melancia, I could not have conceived it possible for you to contrive the means of
sending me any intelligence, much less of seeing me in private. Donna Mergelina
smiled at this remark, and answered: You will no longer be surprised at our being
together to-night, when I tell you what has passed between my duenna and me. As
soon as she came to her place, my husband paid her a thousand compliments, and said
to me: Mergelina, I consign you to the guidance of this wary lady, herself an abstract
of all the virtues: in this glass you may look without a blush, and array yourself in
habits of wisdom. This extraordinary personage has for these twelve years been a light
to the ways of an apothecary's wife of my acquaintance; but how has she been a light
to them? -- why, as ways never were enlightened before: she turned a very slippery
piece of mortal flesh into a downright nun.
This panegyric, not belied by the austere mien of Dame Melancia, cost me a
flood of tears, and reduced me to despair. I fancied the din of eternal lectures from
morning till night, and daily rebukes too harsh to be endured. In short, I laid my
account in a life of wretchedness, beyond the patience of a woman. Keeping no
measures in the expectation of such cruel sufferings, I said bluntly to the duenna, the
moment I was alone with her: You mean, no doubt, to exercise your tyranny most
wantonly on my poor person; but I cannot bear much severity, I warn you before-
hand. I give you, moreover, fair notice, that I shall be as savage as you can be. My
heart cherishes a passion, which not all your remonstrances shall tear from it: so you
may act accordingly. Watch me as closely as you please; it is hard if I cannot outwit
such an old thing as you. At these taunting words, I thought this saracen in petticoats
was going to give me a specimen of her discipline. But so far from it, she smoothed
her brow, relaxed her surly features, and primming up her mouth into a smile,
promulgated this comfortable doctrine: Your temper charms me, and your frankness
calls for a return. We must have been made for one another. Ah! lovely Mergelina,
little do you fathom my character, to be deceived by the fine compliments of your
husband the Doctor, or by my Tartar contour. There never was a creature more
fortified against moral prejudices! My inducement for getting into the service of
jealous husbands is to lend myself to the enjoyments of their pretty wives. Long have
I trodden the stage of life in masquerade; and I may call myself doubly happy, in the
spiritual rewards of virtue, and the temporal indulgences of the opposite side.
Between ourselves, mine is the system of all mankind in the long run. Real virtue is a
very expensive article; plated goods look just as well, and are within the reach of all
purchasers.

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Put yourself under my direction. We will make Doctor Oloroso pay the piper
to our dancing, or I am no duenna. By my troth, he shall go the way of Signor
Apuntador and all mankind. There is no reason why the forehead of a physician
should be smoother than the brow of an apothecary. Poor dear Apuntador! What fun
have we had with him, his wife and I! A charming woman, that wife of his! A dear
little creature, open to all mankind, and prejudiced by none! Well! she is at peace, and
has not left her fellow behind her! Take my word, short as her time was, she made the
most of it. Let me see how many rampant chaps have been brought to their bearings in
that house, without the dear deluded husband being waked out of his evening's nap!
Now, madam, you may see me in my true light; and assure yourself, whatever might
be the abilities of your old usher, you will not fare the worse for going further. If he
was a benefit to you, I shall be a blessing.
You may judge for yourself, Diego, continued Mergelina, how well I took it of
the duenna, that she laid herself open so frankly. I had taken her virtue to be of the
impenetrable cast. Look you now, how much women are liable to be scandalized. But
her character of plain dealing won my heart at once. I threw my arms about her neck
in a rapture, which bespoke my warm and tender feelings at the thoughts of such a
mother abbess. I gave her carte blanche of all my private thoughts, and put in for a
speedy tête-à-tête with your own dear self. She met me on my own ground. This very
morning she engaged the old woman who spoke to you, to take the field: she is an old
stager, a veteran in the service of the apothecary's wife. But the best of the joke in this
comedy, added she in a paroxysm of laughter, is that Melancia, on my assurance that
my husband's habit is to pass the night without stirring, is gone to bed by his side, and
drones out my useless office at this moment. So much the worse, madam, said I then
to Mergelina; your device is more plausible than profitable. Your husband is very
likely to wake, and discover the fraud. He will not discover anything about it, replied
she with no little urgency; set your heart at rest about that, and let not an empty fear
poison the fountains of a pleasure, which ought to drown every vulgar and earthly
consideration in the arms of a young lady who is yours for ever and ever.
The old doctor's help-mate, finding that her assurances had little effect upon
my courage, left no stone unturned to put me in heart again; and she had so many
encouraging ways with her, that a very coward must have plucked up a little. My
thoughts were all with Jupiter and Alcmena; but at the very moment that the urchin
Cupid, with his train of smiles and antics, was weaving a garland to compliment the
crisis of our endeavours, we were stopped in our career by an importunate knocking at
the street door. In a moment, away flew love and all his covey, like game at the report
of a fowling-piece. Mergelina popped me like an article of household furniture under
the hall table, blew out the lamp, and, by previous agreement with her governess, in
the event of so unlucky an accident, placed herself at the door of her husband's
bedchamber. In the mean time, the knocking continued with reiterated violence, till
the whole house resounded. The physician awoke suddenly, and called Melancia. The
duenna flung herself out of bed, though the doctor, taking her for his wife, begged of
her not to disturb herself. She ran to her mistress, who, catching hold of her in the
dark, began calling Melancia! and told her to go and see who was at the door. Madam,
answered the directress, here I am at your service, go to bed again if you please; you
shall soon know who it is. During this parley, Mergelina having undressed, got into
bed to the doctor, who had not the least suspicion of the farce that was playing. To be
sure the stage was darkened, and the actresses had very little occasion for a prompter;
one of them was familiar with the boards, and the other wanted only a rehearsal or
two to be perfect in her part.

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The duenna, in her night-gown, made her appearance soon after, with a candle
in her hand -- Good doctor, said she to her master, have the goodness to get up. Our
neighbour Fernandez de Buendia, the bookseller, is in an apoplectic fit: you are sent
for; time presses. The physician got on his clothes as fast as he could, and went out.
His wife, in her bed-gown, came into the hall with the duenna. They dragged me from
under the table more dead than alive. You have nothing to fear, Diego, said
Mergelina, put yourself in proper order. At the same time she told me how things
were in two words. She had half a mind to renew our amorous intercourse; but the
directress knew better. Madam, said she, your husband may possibly be too late to
help the bookseller to the other world, and then he will return immediately. Besides,
added she, observing me benumbed with fright, it would be all lost labour upon this
poor youth! He is not in a condition to answer your demands. You had better send him
home, and defer the debate till to-morrow evening. Donna Mergelina was sorry for the
delay, as well knowing that a bird in hand is worth two in the bush; and I flatter
myself she was disappointed at not putting a cuckold's night-cap on the doctor's head.
As for me, less grieved at having drawn a blank in the lottery of love, than
rejoiced at getting my neck out of an halter, I returned to my master's, where I passed
the remainder of the night in moralizing on the scene I had left. For some time, I was
in doubt whether to keep my appointment on the following evening. I thought it was a
foolish business from first to last; but the devil, who is always lurking for his prey, or
rather taking possession of us as his lawful property, whispered in my ear that I
should be a great fool to pack up my alls when the prize was falling into my hands.
Mergelina too with opening and unfathomable charms! The exquisite pleasures that
awaited me! I determined to stick to my text; and promising myself a larger share of
self-possession, took my station the next evening at the doctor's door, between eleven
and twelve, in a most spirit- stirring humour. The heavens were completely darkened,
not a star to prate of my whereabout. I mewed twice or thrice to give warning of my
being in the street; and, as no one answered my signal, I was not satisfied with going
over the old ground, but ran up and down the cat's gamut from bass to treble, and
from treble to bass, just as I used to sol-fa with a shepherd of Olmédo. I tuned my
fundamental bass so musically, that a neighbour, on his return home, taking me for
one of those animals whose mewings I counterfeited, picked up an unlucky flint lying
at his feet, and threw it at me with all his force, saying -- The devil fetch that tom cat!
I received the blow on my head, and was so stunned for the moment, that I was very
near falling backwards. I found the skin was broken. This was enough in all
conscience to give me a surfeit of gallantry; so that, my passion oozing out with my
blood, I made the best of my way homewards, where I rendered night hideous by my
howling, and knocked all the family up. My master probed my wound, and played the
true surgeon on it; he pronounced the consequences to be uncertain. He did all he
could to make them certain; but flesh will heal in spite of the faculty; and there was
not a scar remaining in three weeks. During all this time, I heard not a word from
Mergelina. The probability is that Dame Melancia, to wean her impure thoughts from
me, engaged her in some better sport. However, I did not concern myself about the
matter; but left Madrid to continue my tour of Spain, as soon as I found myself
perfectly recovered.

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CH. VIII. -- The meeting of Gil Blas and his companion with a man soaking
crusts of bread at a spring, and the particulars of their conversation.
SIGNOR Diego de la Fuenta related some other adventures which had since
happened to him; but they were so little worthy of preservation, that I shall pass them
by in silence. Yet there was no getting rid of the recital, which was tedious enough: it
lasted as far as Ponte de Duero. We halted in that town the remainder of the day. Our
commons at the inn consisted of a vegetable soup and a roast hare, whose genus and
species we took especial pains to verify. At daybreak on the following morning we
resumed our journey, after having replenished our flask with some very tolerable
wine, and our wallet with some pieces of bread, and half the hare we had left at
supper.
When we had gone about two leagues we waxed hungry; and, espying at about
two hundred yards from the high road some spreading trees, which threw an agreeable
shade over the plain, we made up to the spot, and rested on our arms. There we met
with a man from seven to eight and twenty, who was dipping crusts of bread into a
spring. He had a long sword lying by him on the grass, with a soldier's knapsack, of
which he had eased his shoulders. We thought his air and person better than his attire.
We accosted him with civility; and he returned our salutation. He then offered us his
crusts, and asked with a smile if we would take potluck with him. We answered in the
affirmative, provided he had no objection to our clubbing our own breakfast, by way
of making the meal more substantial. He agreed to it with the utmost readiness, and
we immediately produced our provisions; which were not unacceptable to the
stranger. What is all this, gentlemen, exclaimed he in a transport of joy, here is
ammunition for an army! By your forecast, you must be commissaries or
quartermasters. I do not travel with so much contrivance, for my part; but depend a
good deal on the chances of the road. At the same time, though appearances may be
against me, I can say, without vanity, that I sometimes make a very brilliant figure in
the world. Would you believe that princely honours are commonly bestowed on me,
and that I have guards in attendance? I comprehend you, said Diego; you mean to tell
us, you are a player. You guess right, replied the other; I have been an actor for these
fifteen years at least. From my very infancy, I was sent on the boards in children's
parts. To deal freely, rejoined the barber, shaking his head, I do not believe a word of
it. I know the players; those gentry do not travel on foot, like you, nor do they mess
with St Anthony. I doubt whether you are anything better than a candle-snuffer. You
may, quoth the son of Thespis, think of me as you please; but my parts, for all that,
are in the first line; I play the lovers. If that be the case, said my companion, I wish
you much joy, and am delighted that Signor Gil Blas and myself have the honour of
breakfasting with so eminent a character.
We then began to pick up our crumbs, and to gnaw the precious relics of the
hare, bestowing such hearty smacks upon the bottle, as to empty it very shortly. We
were all three so deeply engaged in the great affair of eating, that we said very little
till we had finished, when we resumed our conversation. I wonder, said the barber to
the player, that you should be so much out at elbows. For a theatrical hero, you have
but a needy exterior! I beg pardon if I speak rather freely. Rather freely! exclaimed
the actor; Ah! by my troth, you are not yet acquainted with Melchior Zapata. Heaven
be praised, I have no mind to see things in a wrong light. You do me a pleasure by
speaking so confidently: for I love to unbosom myself without reserve. I honestly own
I am not rich. Here, pursued he, showing us his doublet lined with playbills, this is the
common stuff which serves me for linings; and if you are curious to see my wardrobe,

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you shall not be disappointed. At the same time he took out of his knapsack a dress,
laced with tarnished frippery, a shabby head-dress for an hero, with an old plume of
feathers; silk stockings full of holes, and red morocco shoes a great deal the worse for
wear. You see, said he again, that I am very little better than a beggar. That is
astonishing, replied Diego: then you have neither wife nor daughter? I have a very
handsome young wife, rejoined Zapata, and yet I might just as well be without her.
Look with awe on the lowering aspect of my horoscope. I married a personable
actress, in the hope that she would not let me die of hunger; and, to my cost, she is
cursed with incorruptible chastity. Who the devil would not have been taken in as well
as myself? There was but one virtuous princess in a whole strolling company, and she,
plague take her! fell into my hands. It was throwing with bad luck most undoubtedly,
said the barber. But then, why did not you look out for an actress in the regular theatre
at Madrid? You would have been sure of your mark. You are perfectly in the right,
replied the stroller; but the mischief is, we underlings dare not raise our thoughts to
those illustrious heroines. It is as much as an actor of the prince's company can
venture on; nay, some of them are obliged to match with citizens' daughters. Happily
for our fraternity, citizens' daughters now-a-days contract theatrical notions; and you
may often meet with characters among them, to the full as eccentric as any bona roba
of the green-room.
Well! but have you never thought, said my fellow-traveller, of getting an
engagement in that company? Is it necessary to be a Roscius for that purpose? That is
very well of you! replied Melchior, you are a wag, with your Roscius! There are
twenty performers. Ask the town what it thinks of them, and you will hear a pretty
character of their acting. More than half of them deserve to carry a porter's knot. Yet
for all that, it is no easy matter to get upon the boards. Bribery or interest must make
up for the defect of talent. I ought to know what I say since my debut at Madrid,
where I was hissed and cat-called as if the devil had got among the grimalkins, though
I ought to have been received with thunders of applause; for I whined, ranted, and
offered all sorts of violence to nature's modesty: nay, I went so far as to clench my list
at the heroine of the piece; in a word, I adopted the conceptions of all the great
performers; and yet that same audience condemned by bell, book, and candle in me,
what was thought to be the first style of playing in them. Such is the force of
prejudice! So that, being no favourite with the pit, and not having wherewithal to
insinuate myself into the good graces of the manager, I am on my return to Zamora.
There we shall all huddle together again, my wife and my fellow-comedians, who are
making but little of the business. I wish we may not be obliged to beg our way out of
town; a catastrophe of too frequent occurrence!
At these words, up rose the stage-struck hero, slung across him his knapsack
and his sword, and made his exit with due theatric pomp: Farewell, gentlemen; may
all the gods shower all their bounties on your heads! And you, answered Diego with
corresponding emphasis, may you find your wife at Zamora, softened down in her
relentless virtue, and in comfortable keeping. No sooner had Signor Zapata turned
upon his heel, than he began gesticulating and spouting as he went along. The barber
and myself immediately began hissing, to remind him of his first appearance at
Madrid. The goose grated harsh upon his tympanum; he took it for a repetition of
signals from his old friends. But looking behind him, and seeing that we were
diverting ourselves at his expense, far from taking offence at this merry conceit of
ours, he joined with good humour in the joke, and went his way laughing as hard as he
could. On our part, we returned the compliment in kind. After this, we got again into
the high road, and pursued our journey.

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CH. IX. -- The meeting of Diego with his family; their circumstances in life; great
rejoicings on the occasion; the parting scene between him and Gil Blas.
WE stopped for the night at a little village between Moyados and Valpuesta; I
have forgotten the name: and the next morning, about eleven, we reached the plain of
Olmédo. Signor Gil Blas, said my companion, behold my native place. So natural are
these local attachments, that I can hardly contain myself at the sight of it. Signor
Diego, answered I, a man of so patriotic a soul as you profess to be, might, methinks,
have been a little more florid in his descriptions. Olmédo looks like a city at this
distance, and you called it a village; it cannot be anything less than a corporate town. I
beg its township's pardon, replied the barber; but you are to know that after Madrid,
Toledo, Saragossa, and all the other large cities I have passed through in my tour of
Spain, these little ones are mere villages to me. As we got further on the plain, there
appeared to be a great concourse of people about Olmédo: so that, when we were near
enough to distinguish objects, we were in no want of food for speculation.
There were three tents pitched at some distance from each other; and hard by,
a bevy of cooks and scullions preparing an entertainment. Here a party was laying
covers on long tables set out under the tents; there a detachment was crowning the
pitchers of Tellus with the gifts of Bacchus. The right wing was making the pots boil,
the left was turning the spits and basting the meat. But what caught my attention more
than all the rest, was a temporary stage of respectable dimensions. It was furnished
with pasteboard scenes, painted in a tawdry style, and the proscenium was decorated
with Greek and Latin mottoes. No sooner did the barber spy out these inscriptions,
than he said to me -- All these Greek words smell strongly of my uncle Thomas's
lamp. I would lay a wager he has a hand in them, for between ourselves, he is a man
of parts and learning. He knows all the classics by heart. If he would keep them to
himself it would be very well, but he is always quoting them in company, and that
people do not like. But then to be sure he has a right, because this uncle of mine has
translated ever so many of the Latin poets and hard Greek authors with his own hand
and pen. He has got all antiquity at his fingers' ends, as you may know by his
ingenious and profound criticisms. If it had not been for him, we might never have
learned that the Athenian school boys cried when they were flogged; we owe that fact
in the history of education to his fundamental knowledge of the subject.
After my fellow-traveller and myself had looked about us, we had a mind to
inquire what these preparations were for. Going about on the hunt, Diego recognized
in the manager Signor Thomas de la Fuenta, to whom we made up with great
eagerness. The schoolmaster did not recollect the young barber at first, such a
difference had ten years made. But when convinced of his being his own flesh and
blood, he gave him a cordial embrace, and said with much appearance of kindness --
Ah! here you are, Diego, my dear nephew, here you are, restored after your
wanderings to your native land. You come to revisit your household gods, your
Penates, and heaven delivers you back safe and sound into the bosom of your family.
Oh happy day, happy in all the proportions of arithmetic! A day worthy to be marked
with a white stone and inserted among the Fasti! We have annals in abundance for
you, my friend; your uncle Pedro, the poetaster, has fallen a sacrifice at the shrine of
Pluto: to speak to the comprehension of the vulgar, he has been dead these three
months. That miser, in his lifetime, was afraid of wanting necessaries -- Argenti
pallebat amore. Though the great were heaping wealth upon his head, his annual
expenditure did not amount to ten pistoles. He had but one miserable attendant, and
him he starved. This crazy fellow, more wrong-headed than the Grecian Aristippus,

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who ordered his slaves to leave all their costly baggage in the heart of Lybia, as an
incumbrance on their march, heaped up all the gold and silver he could scrape
together. And to what end? for those very heirs whom he refused to acknowledge. He
died worth thirty thousand ducats, shared between your father, your uncle Bertrand,
and myself. We shall be able to do very well for our children. My brother Nicholas
has already married off your sister Theresa to the son of a magistrate in this place --
Connubio junxit stabili propriamque dica vit. These very hymeneals, greeted
auspiciously by all the nuptial powers, have we been celebrating for these two days
with all this pomp and luxury. These tents in the plain are of our pitching. Pedro's
three heirs have each a booth of his own, and we defray the expenses of the day
alternately. I wish you had come sooner, you might have seen the whole progress of
our festivities. The day before yesterday, the wedding-day, your father gave his treat.
It was a superb entertainment, succeeded by running at the ring. Your uncle, the
mercer, regaled us yesterday with a fête champêtre, and paid the piper handsomely.
There were ten of the best grown boys, and ten young girls, dressed out in pastoral
weeds; all the frippery in his shop was brought out to prank them up. This assemblage
of Ganymedes and Houris ran through all the mazes of the dance, and warbled forth a
thousand tender and spirit-stirring lays. And yet, though nothing was ever more
genteel, the effect was not thought striking; but that must be owing to the bad taste of
the spectators, the simplicity of pastoral is lost upon the present age.
To-day, the wheels are greased by your humble servant, and I mean to pre sent
the burgesses of Olmédo with a pageant of my own invention -- Finis coronabit opus.
I have got a stage erected, on which, God willing, shall be represented by my scholars
a piece of my own composing, entitled and called -- The Amusements of Muley
Bugentuf, King of Morocco. It will be played to perfection, for my pupils declaim like
the players of Madrid. They are lads of family at Penafiel and Segovia, boarders with
me. They know how to touch the passions! To be sure they have rehearsed under my
tuition; their emphasis will seem as if struck in the mint of their master -- ut ita dicam.
With respect to the piece I shall not say a word about it, you shall be taken by
surprise. I shall simply state that it must produce a deep impression on the audience. It
is one of those tragic subjects which harrow up the soul, by images of death presented
to the senses in all their fearful forms. I am of Aristotle's mind, terror is a principal
engine. Oh! if I had written for the stage, I would have introduced none but bloody
tyrants, and death- dispensing heroes. Not all the perfumes of Arabia should have
sweetened this blood-polluted hand, I would have been up to my elbows in gore.
There would have been tragedy with a vengeance; principal characters! ay, guards and
attendants, should all have been sprawling together. I would have butchered every
man of them, and the prompter into the bargain. In a word, I refine upon Aristotle, and
border on the horrible, that is my taste. These plays to tear a cat in, are the only things
for popularity; the actors live merrily on their own dying speeches, and the authors
roll in luxury on the devastation of mankind.
Just as this harangue was over, we saw a great crowd of both sexes coming out
of town into the plain. Who should it be but the new-married couple, attended by their
families and friends, with ten or twelve musicians in the van, producing a most
obstreperous din of harmony. We went up to them, and Diego introduced himself.
Peals of congratulation were immediately rung through the assembly, and every one
was eager to shake him by the hand. He had enough upon his shoulders to receive all
their fraternal embraces. Relations and strangers all were for having a pull at him. At
length his father said -- You are welcome, Diego. You find your kinsmen living upon
the fat of the land, my friend. I shall say no more at present, a nod is as good as a

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wink. Meanwhile the company went forward upon the plain, took their stations under
the tents, and sat down to table. I kept close to my companion, and we both dined with
the happy couple, who appeared to be suitably matched. The meal was not soon over,
for the schoolmaster had the vanity to give three courses, for the purpose of cutting
out his brothers, who had not been so magnificent in their hospitalities.
After the banquet, all the guests expressed their longing to see Signor
Thomas's play, not doubting but the performance of so extraordinary a genius would
deserve all their ears. We came in front of the stage; the musicians had taken
possession of the orchestra, for the overture and act-tunes. While every one was
waiting in profound silence for the rising of the curtain, the actors appeared on the
boards; and the author, with the piece in his hand, sat down at the wing, in the
prompter's place. Well might he call it a tragedy, for in the first act the King of
Morocco, by way of diversion, shot an hundred Moorish slaves with arrows; in the
second he beheaded thirty Portuguese officers, taken prisoners by one of his captains:
and in the third and last, this monarch, surfeited with long-indulged libertinism, set
fire with his own hands to the seraglio where his wives were confined, and reduced it
to ashes with its inhabitants. The Moorish slaves, as well as the Portuguese officers,
were puppets on a very curious construction; and the palace, built of pasteboard,
looked very naturally in flames by means of an artificial firework. This conflagration,
accompanied by a thousand piercing cries, issuing from the ruins, concluded the
piece, and the curtain dropped upon this amiable entertainment. The whole plain
resounded with the applause of this fine tragedy; which spoke for the good taste of the
poet, and proved that he knew where to look out for a subject.
I did not suppose there was anything more to be seen after The Amusements
of Muley Bugentuf, but I was mistaken. Kettle-drums and trumpets announced a new
exhibition -- the distribution of prizes -- for Thomas de la Fuenta, to give additional
solemnity to his olympics, had made all his boys, as well dayscholars as boarders,
write exercises; and on this occasion he was to give to those who had succeeded best,
books bought at Segovia out of his own pocket. All at once were brought upon the
stage two long forms out of the school, with a press full of old worm-eaten books in
fine new bindings. At this signal all the actors returned upon the stage, and took their
places round Signor Thomas, who looked as big as the head of a college. He had a
sheet of paper in his band, with the names of the successful candidates. This he gave
to the King of Morocco, who began calling over the list with an authoritative voice.
Each scholar, answering to his name, went humbly to receive a book from the hands
of the bum-jerker; after this he was crowned with laurel, and seated on one of the two
benches to be exposed to the gaze of the admiring company. Yet, desirous as the
schoolmaster might be to send the spectators away in good humour, he brought his
eggs to a bad market; for, having distributed almost all the prizes to the boarders,
according to the usual etiquette of pedagogues, that those who pay most must
necessarily be the cleverest fellows, the mammas of certain day-scholars caught fire at
this instance of partiality, and fell foul of the disciplinarian thereupon: so that the
festival, hitherto so much to the glory of the donor, seemed likely to have ended to the
same tune as the carousal of the Lapithae.

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BOOK THE THIRD

CH. I. -- The arrival of Gil Blas at Madrid. His first place there.
I MADE some stay with the young barber. At my departure, I met with a
traveller of Segovia passing through Olmédo. He was returning with four mules from
a trading expedition to Valladolid, and took me by way of back carriage. We got
acquainted on the road, and he took such a fancy to me that nothing would serve him
but I must be his guest at Segovia. He gave me free quarters for two days, and when
he found me determined to leave him for Madrid under convoy of a muleteer, he
troubled me with a letter, begging me to deliver it in person according to the
superscription, without hinting that it was a letter of recommendation. I was punctual
in calling on Signor Matheo Melendez. He was a woollen-draper, living at the gate of
the Sun, at the corner of Trunkmaker street. No sooner had he broken the cover and
read the contents, than he said with an air of complacency -- Signor Gil Blas, my
correspondent, Pedro Palacio, has written to me so pressingly in your favour, that I
cannot do otherwise than offer you a bed at my house; moreover, he desires me to find
you a good master, and I undertake the commission with pleasure. I have no doubt of
suiting you to a hair.
I embraced the offer of Melendez the more gratefully because my funds were
getting much below par; but I was not long a burden on his hospitality. At the week's
end, he told me that he had mentioned my name to a gentleman of his acquaintance,
who wanted a valet-de-chambre, and, according to present appearances, the place
would not be long vacant. In fact, this gentleman happened to make his appearance in
the very nick -- Sir, said Melendez, pushing me forward, you see before you the
young man as by former advice. He is a pupil of honour and integrity. I can answer
for him as if he was one of my own family. The gentleman looked at me with
attention, said that my face was in my favour, and hired me at once. He has nothing to
do but to follow me, added he, I will put him into the routine of his employment. At
these words he wished the tradesman good morning, and took me into the High-
street, directly over against St Philip's church. We went into a very handsome house,
of which he occupied one wing; then going up five or six steps, he took me into a
room secured by strong double doors, with an iron grate between. From this room we
went into another, with a bed and other furniture, rather neat than gaudy.
If my new master had examined me closely, I had all my wits about me as well
as he. He was a man on the wrong side of fifty, with a saturnine and serious air. His
temper seemed to be even, and I thought no harm of him. He asked me several
questions about my family; and liking my answers -- Gil Blas, said he, I take you to
be a very sensible lad, and am well pleased to have you in my service. On your part,
you shall have no reason to complain. I will give you six rials a day board wages,
besides vails. Then I require no great attendance, for I keep no table, but always dine
out. You will only have to brush my clothes, and be your own master for the rest of
the day. Only take care to be at home early in the evening, and to be in waiting at the
door, that is your chief duty. After this lecture, he took six rials out of his purse, and
gave them to me as earnest. We then went out, he locked the doors after him, and
taking care of the keys -- My friend, said he, you need not go with me, follow the
devices of your own heart; but on my return this evening, let me find you on that
staircase. With this injunction he left me to dispose of myself as seemed best in my
own eyes.

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In good sooth, Gil Blas, said I in a soliloquy, you have got a jewel of a master.
What! fall in with an employer to give you six rials a day for wiping off the dust from
his clothes, and putting his room to rights in the morning, with the liberty of walking
about and taking your pleasure like a schoolboy in the holidays! By my troth! it is a
place of ten thousand. No wonder I was in a hurry to get to Madrid, it was doubtless
some mysterious boding of good fortune prepared for me. I spent the day in the
streets, diverting myself with gaping at novelties -- a busy occupation. In the evening,
after supping at an ordinary not far from our house, I squatted myself down in the
corner pointed out by my master. He came three quarters of an hour after me, and
seemed pleased with my punctuality. Very well, said he, this is right, I like attentive
servants. At these words, he opened the doors of his apartment, and closed them upon
us again as soon as we had got in. As we had no candle, he took his tinder-box and
struck a light. I then helped him to undress. When he was in bed, I lighted, by his
order, a lamp in his chimney, and carried the wax-light into the antechamber, where I
lay in a press-bed without curtains. He got up the next day between nine and ten
o'clock; I brushed his clothes. He paid me my six rials, and sent me packing till the
evening. My mysterious master went out himself too, not without great caution in
fastening the doors, and we parted for the remainder of the day.
Such was our course of life, very agreeable to me. The best of the joke was,
that I did not know my master's name. Melendez did not know it himself. The
gentleman came to his shop now and then, and bought a piece of cloth. My
neighbours were as much at a loss as myself; they all assured me that my master was a
perfect stranger, though he had lived two years in the ward. He visited no soul in the
neighbourhood, and some of them, a little given to scandal, concluded him to be no
better than he should be. Suspicions got to be more rife; he was suspected of being a
spy of Portugal, and it was thought but fair play to give a hint for my own good. This
intimation troubled me. Thought I to myself, should this turn out to be a fact, I stand a
chance for seeing the inside of a prison at Madrid. My innocence will be no security;
my past ill-usage makes me look on justice with antipathy. Twice have I experienced
that if the innocent are not condemned in a lump with the guilty, at least the rights of
hospitality are too little regarded in their persons to make it pleasant to pass a summer
in the purlieus of the law.
I consulted Melendez in so delicate a conjuncture. He was at a loss how to
advise me. Though he could not bring himself to believe that my master was a spy, he
had no reason to be confident on the other side of the question. I determined to watch
my employer, and to leave him if he turned out to be an enemy of the state; but then
prudence and personal comfort required me to be certain of my fact. I began,
therefore, to pry into his actions; and to sound him, Sir, said I one evening while he
was undressing, I do not know how one ought to live so as to be secure from
reflections. The world is very scurrilous! We, among others, have neighbours not
worth a curse. Sad dogs! You have no notion how they talk of us. Do they indeed, Gil
Blas? quoth he. Be it so! but what can they say of us, my friend? Ah! truly, replied I,
evil tongues never want a whet. Virtue herself furnishes weapons for her own
martyrdom. Our neighbours say that we are dangerous people, that we ought to be
looked after by government; in a word, you are taken for a spy of Portugal. In
throwing out this hint, I looked hard at my master, just as Alexander squinted at his
physician, and pursed up all my penetration to remark upon the effect of my
intelligence. There seemed to be a hitch in the muscles of my mysterious lord,
altogether in unison with the suspicions of the neighbourhood; and he fell into a
brown study, which bore no very auspicious interpretation. However, he put a better

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face on the matter, and said with sufficient composure: Gil Blas, leave our neighbours
to discourse as they please, but let not our repose depend on their judgments. Never
mind what they think of us, provided our own consciences do not wince.
Hereupon he went to bed, and I did the like, without knowing what course to
take. The next day, just as we were on the point of going out in the morning, we heard
a violent knocking at the outer door on the staircase. My master opened the inner, and
looked through the grate. A well-dressed man said to him: Please your honour, I am
an alguazil, come to inform you that Mr Corregidor wishes to speak a word with you.
What does he want? answered my pattern of secrecy. That is more than I know, sir,
replied the alguazil; but you have only to go and wait on him; you will soon be
informed. I am his most obedient, quoth my master; I have no business with him. At
the tail of this speech, he banged the inner door; then, after walking up and down a
little while, like one who pondered on the discourse of the alguazil, he put my six rials
into my hand, and said: Gil Blas, you may go out, my friend; for my part, I shall stay
at home a little longer, but have no occasion for you. He made an impression on my
mind, by these words, that he was afraid of being taken up, and was therefore obliged
to remain in his apartments. I left him there; and, to see how far my suspicions were
founded, hid myself in a place whence I could see if he went out. I should have had
patience to have staid there all the morning, if he had not saved me the trouble. But an
hour after, I saw him walk the street with an ease and confidence which dumb-
founded my sagacity. Yet far from yielding to these appearances, I mistrusted them;
for my verdict went to condemnation. I considered his easy carriage as put on; and his
staying at home as a finesse to secure his gold and jewels, when probably he was
going to consult his safety by speedy flight. I had no idea of seeing him again, and
doubted whether I should attend at his door in the evening; so persuaded was I, that
the day would see him on the outside of the city, as his only refuge from impending
danger. Yet I kept my appointment; when, to my extreme surprise, my master
returned as usual. He went to bed without betraying the least uneasiness, and got up
the next morning with the same composure.
Just as he had finished dressing, another knock at the door! My master looked
through the grate His friend the alguazil was there again, and he asked him what he
wanted. Open the door, answered the alguazil; here is Mr Corregidor. At this dreadful
name, my blood froze in my veins. I had a devilish loathing of those gentry since I
had passed through their hands, and could have wished myself at that moment an
hundred leagues from Madrid. As for my employer, less startled than myself; he
opened the door, and received the magistrate respectfully. You see, said the
corregidor, that I do not break in upon you with a whole posse: my maxim is to do
business in a quiet way. In spite of the ugly reports circulated about you in the city, I
think you deserve some little attention. What is your name, and business at Madrid?
Sir, answered my master, I am from New Castile, and my title is Don Bernard de
Castil Blazo. With respect to my way of life, I lounge about, frequent public places,
and take my daily pleasure in a select circle of polite company. Of course you have a
handsome fortune! replied the judge. No, sir, interrupted my Mecaenas, I have neither
annuities, nor lands, nor houses. How do you live then? rejoined the corregidor. I will
show you, replied Don Bernard. At the same time he lifted up a part of the hangings,
before a door I had not observed, opened that and one beyond, then took the
magistrate into a closet containing a large chest chuck full of gold.
Sir, said he again, you know that the Spaniards are proverbially indolent; yet,
whatever may be their general dislike to labour, I may compliment myself on
bettering the example. I have a stock of laziness, which disqualifies me for all

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exertion. If I had a mind to puff my vices into virtues, I might call this sloth of mine a
philosophical indifference, the work of a mind weaned from all that worldlings court
with so much ardour; but I will frankly own myself constitutionally lazy, and so lazy,
that rather than work for my subsistence, I would lay myself down and starve.
Therefore, to lead a life befitting my fancy, not to have the trouble of looking after my
affairs, and above all to do without a steward, I have converted all my patrimony,
consisting of several considerable estates, into ready money. In this chest there are
fifty thousand ducats; more than enough for the remainder of my days, should I live to
be an hundred! For I do not spend a thousand a year, and am already more than fifty
years old. I have no fears, therefore, for futurity, since I am not addicted, heaven be
praised, to any one of the three things which usually ruin men. I care little for the
pleasures of the table; I only play for my amusement; and I have given up women.
There is no chance of my being reckoned, in my old age, among those libidinous
grey-beards to whom jilts sell their favours by troy weight.
You are a happy man! said the corregidor. They are in the wrong to suspect
you of being a spy: that office is quite out of character for a man like you. Take your
own course, Don Bernard: continue to live as you like. Far from disturbing your
peace, I declare myself your protector; I request your friendship, and pledge my own.
Ah! sir, exclaimed my master, thrilled with these kind expressions, I accept with equal
joy and gratitude your precious offer. In giving me your friendship you augment my
wealth, and carry my happiness to its height. After this conversation, which the
alguazil and myself heard; from the closet door, the corregidor took his leave of Don
Bernard, who could not do enough to express his sense of the obligation. On my part,
mimicking thy master in doing the honours of the house, I overburdened the alguazil
with civilities. I made him a thousand low bows, though I felt for him in my sleeve the
contempt and hatred which every honest man naturally entertains for an alguazil.

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CH. II. -- The astonishment of Gil Blas at meeting Captain Rolando in Madrid,
and that robber's curious narrative.
DON Bernard de Castil Blazo, having attended the corregidor to the street,
returned in a hurry to fasten his strong box, and all the doors which secured it. We
then went out, both of us well satisfied, he at having acquired a friend in power, and
myself at finding my six rials a day secured to me. The desire of relating this
adventure to Melendez made me bend my steps towards his house; but, near my
journey's end, whom should I meet but Captain Rolando! My surprise was extreme,
and I could not help quaking at the sight of him. He recollected me at once, accosted
me gravely, and, still keeping up his tone of superiority, ordered me to follow him. I
tremblingly obeyed, saying inwardly: Alas! he means, doubtless, to make me pay my
debts! Whither will he lead me? There may, perhaps, be some subterraneous retreat in
this city. Plague take it! If I thought so, I would soon show him I have not got the
gout. I walked, therefore, behind him carefully looking out where he might stop, with
the pious design of putting my best leg foremost, if there was anything in the shape of
a trap-door.
Rolando soon dispersed my alarms. He went into a well-frequented tavern; I
followed him. He called for the best wine, and ordered dinner. While it was getting
ready, we went into a private room, where the captain addressed me as follows: You
may well be astonished, Gil Blas, to renew your acquaintance with your old
commander; and you will be still more so, when you have heard my tale. The day I
left you in the cave, and went with my troop to Mansilla, for the purpose of selling the
mules and horses we had taken the evening before, we met the son of the corregidor
of Leon, attended by four men on horseback well armed, following his carriage. Two
of his people we made to bite the dust, and the other two ran away. On this the
coachman, alarmed for his master, cried out to us in a tone of supplication -- Alas! my
dear gentlemen, in God's name, do not kill the only son of his worship the corregidor
of Leon. These words were far from softening my comrades; on the contrary, their
fury knew no bounds. Good folks, said one of them, let not the son of a mortal enemy
to men like us escape our vengeance. How many ornaments of our profession has his
father cut off in their prime! Let us repay his cruelty with interest, and sacrifice this
victim to their offended ghosts. The whole troop applauded the fineness of this
feeling, and my lieutenant himself was preparing to act as high priest at this
unhallowed altar, when I interdicted the rites. Stop, said I; why shed blood without
occasion? Let us rest contented with the youth's purse. As he makes no resistance, it
would be against the laws of war to cut his throat. Besides, he is not answerable for
his father's misdeeds; nay, his father only does his duty in condemning us to death, as
we do ours in rifling travellers.
Thus did I plead for the corregidor's son, and my intercession was not
unavailing. We only took every farthing of his money, and carried off with us the
horses of the two men whom we had slain. These we sold with the rest at Mansilla.
Thence we returned to the cavern, where we arrived the following morning a little
before daybreak. We were not a little surprised to find the trap open, and still more so,
when we found Leonarda handcuffed in the kitchen. She unravelled the mystery in
two words. We wondered how you could have overreached us; no one could have
thought you capable of serving us such a trick, and we forgave the effect for the merit
of the invention. As soon as we had released our kitchen wench, I gave orders for a
good luncheon. In the mean time we went to look after our horses in the stable, where
the old negro, who had been left to himself for four-and-twenty hours, was at the last

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gasp. We did all we could for his relief, but he was too far gone; indeed so much
reduced, that, in spite of our endeavours, we left the poor devil on the threshold of
another world. It was very sad; but it did not spoil our appetites, and, after an
abundant breakfast, we retired to our chambers, and slept away the whole day. On our
awaking, Leonarda apprized us that Domingo had paid the debt of nature. We carried
him to the charnel-house where you may recollect to have lodged, and there
performed his obsequies, just as if he had been one of our own order.
Five or six days afterwards, it fell out that one morning, on a sally, we
encountered three companies of the Holy Brotherhood, on the outskirts of the wood.
They seemed waiting to attack us. We perceived but one troop at first. These we
despised, though superior in number to our party, and rushed forward to the onset. But
while we were at loggerheads with the first, the two others in ambuscade came
thundering down upon us; so that our valour was of no use. There was no
withstanding such a host of enemies. Our lieutenant and two of our gang gave up the
ghost on this occasion. As for the two others and myself, we were so closely pressed
and hemmed in, as to be taken prisoners: and, while two detachments convoyed us to
Leon, the third went to destroy our retreat. How it was discovered, I will briefly tell
you. A peasant of Luceno, crossing the forest on his way home, by chance espied the
trap-door of our subterraneous residence, which a certain young runaway had not shut
down after him, for it was precisely the day when you took yourself off with the lady.
He had a violent suspicion of its being our abode, without having the courage to go in.
It was enough to mark the adjacent parts, by lightly peeling with his knife bark from
the nearest trees, and so on, from distance to distance, till he was quite out of the
wood. He then betook himself to Leon, with this grand discovery for the corregidor,
who was so much the better pleased, as his son had been robbed by our gang. This
magistrate collected together three companies to lay hold of us, and the peasant
showed them the way.
My arrival in the town of Leon was as good as that of a wild beast to the
inhabitants. Even though I had been a Portuguese general made prisoner of war, the
people could not have been more anxious to see me. There he goes, was the cry; that
is he, the famous captain, the terror of these parts. It would serve him right to tear him
piecemeal with pincers, and make his comrades join in the chorus. To the corregidor,
was the universal cry; and his worship began insulting me. So, so! said he, scoundrel
as you are, the powers of justice, worn to a thread with your past irregularities, hand
over the task of punishment to me as their delegate. Sir, answered I, great as my
crimes may have been, at least the death of your only son is not to be laid at my door.
His life was saved by me; you owe me some acknowledgment on that score. Oh!
wretch, exclaimed he, there are no measures to be kept with people of your
description. And though it were my wish to save you, my sacred office would not
allow me to indulge my feelings. Having spoken to this effect, he committed us to a
dungeon, where my companions had no time to lament their hard fate. They got out of
confinement, at the end of three days, to expatiate with tragic energy at the place of
execution. For my part, I took up my quarters in limbo for three complete weeks. My
punishment seemingly was deferred only to render it more terrible; and I was looking
out for some refinement on the ordinary course of criminal justice, when the
corregidor, having summoned me before him, said: Give ear to your sentence. You
are free. Had it not been for you, my only son would have been assassinated on the
highway. As a father, my gratitude was due for this service; but not being competent
to acquit you in my capacity of a magistrate, I have written up to court in your favour;
have solicited your pardon, and have obtained it. Go, then, whithersoever it may seem

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good to you. But take my advice; profit by this lucky escape. Look to your paths, and
give up the trade of a highwayman for good and all.
I was deeply impressed by this advice, and took my departure for Madrid, in
the firm determination of mending my ways, and living quietly in that city. There I
found my father and mother dead, and what they left behind them in the hands of an
old kinsman, who administered duly and truly, as all trustees of course do. I saved
three thousand ducats out of the fire; scarcely a quarter of what I was entitled to. But
where was the remedy? There was no standing to the quirks and evasions of the law.
Just to be doing something, I have purchased an alguazil's place. My colleagues
would have set their faces against my admission, for the honour of the cloth, had they
known my history. Luckily they did not, or at least affected not to know it, which was
just as good as the reality; for, in that illustrious body, it is the bounden duty and
interest of every member to wear a mask. The pot cannot call the kettle hard names,
thank heaven. The devil would have no great catch in the best of us. And yet, my
friend, I could willingly unbosom myself to you without disguise. My present
occupation is much against the grain; it requires too circumspect and too mysterious a
conduct; there is nothing to be done but by underhand dealings, gravity, and cunning.
Oh! for my first trade! The new one is safer, to be sure; but there is more fun in the
other, and liberty is my motto. I feel disposed to get rid of my office, and to set out
some sunshiny morning for the mountains at the source of the Tagus. I know of a
retreat thereabouts, inhabited by a numerous gang, composed chiefly of Catalonians;
when I have said that, I need say no more. If you will go along with me, we will swell
the number of those heroes. I shall be second in command. To make your footing
respectable at once, I will swear that you have fought ten times by my side. Your
valour shall mount to the very skies. I will tell more good of you than a commander-
in-chief of a favourite officer. I will not say a word about the run-away trick, that
would render you suspected of turning nose, therefore mum is the word. What say you
to it? Are you ready to set off? I am impatient to know your mind.
Every one to his own fancy, said I then to Rolando, you were born for bold
exploits, and your friend for a serene and quiet life. I understand you, interrupted he;
the lady whom love induced you to carry off still preserves her influence over your
heart, and you doubtless lead with her that serene life of which you are enamoured.
Own the truth, master Gil Blas, she is become a thing of your own, and you are both
living on the pistoles carried off from the subterraneous retreat. I told him he was
mistaken; and, to set him right, related the lady's adventures and my own while we sat
at dinner. When our meal was finished he led back to the subject of the Catalonians,
and attempted once more to engage me in his project. But finding me inflexible, he
looked at me with a terrific frown, and said seriously -- Since you are dastard enough
to prefer your servile condition to the honour of enlisting in a troop of brave fellows, I
turn you adrift to your own grovelling inclinations. But mark me well, a lapse may be
fatal. Forget our meeting of to-day, and never prate about me to any living soul; for if
I catch you bandying about my name in your idle talk . . . . you know my ways, I need
say no more. With these words he called for the landlord, paid the reckoning, and we
rose from table to go away.

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CH. III -- Gil Blas is dismissed by Don Bernard de Castil Blazo, and enters into
the service of a beau.
As we were coming out of the tavern, and taking our leave, my master was
passing along the street. He saw me, and I observed him look more than once at the
captain. I had no doubt but he was surprised at meeting me in such company. It is
certain that Rolando's physiognomy and air were not much in favour of moral
qualities. He was a gigantic fellow, with a long face, a parrot's beak, and a very
rascally contour, without being absolutely ugly.
I was not mistaken in my guess. In the evening I found Don Bernard harping
on the captain's figure, and charmingly disposed to believe all the fine things I could
have said of him, if my tongue had not been tied. Gil Blas, said he, who is that great
shark I saw with you awhile ago? I told him it was an alguazil, and thought to have
got off with that answer, but he returned to the charge; and observing my confusion,
from the remembrance of the threats used by Rolando, broke off the conversation
abruptly and went to bed. The next morning, when I had performed my ordinary
duties, he counted me over six ducats instead of six rials, and said -- Here, my friend,
this is what I give you for your services up to this day. Go and look out for another
place. A servant keeping such high company is too much for me. I bethought myself
of saying, in my own defence, that I had known that alguazil, by having prescribed for
him at Valladolid, while I was practising medicine. Very good, replied my master, the
shift is ingenious enough; you might have thought of it last night, and not have looked
so foolish. Sir, rejoined I, in good truth prudence kept me silent, and gave to my
reserve the aspect of guilt. Undoubtedly, resumed he, tapping me softly on the
shoulder, it was carrying prudence very far, even to the confines of cunning. Go, lad, I
have no further occasion for your services.
I went immediately to acquaint Melendez with the bad news, who told me, for
my comfort, that he would engage to procure me a better berth. Indeed, some days
after, he said -- Gil Blas, my friend, you have no notion of the good luck in store for
you. You will have the most agreeable post in the world. I am going to settle you with
Don Matthias de Silva. He is a man of the first fashion, one of those young noblemen
commonly distinguished by the appellation of beaus. I have the honour of his custom.
He takes up goods of me, on tick, indeed, but these great men are good pay in the long
run, they often marry rich heiresses, and then old scores are wiped off; or, should that
fail, a tradesman who understands his business puts such a price upon his articles, that
if three-fourths of his debts are bad, he is no loser. Don Matthias's steward is my
intimate friend. Let us go and look for him. It will be for him to present you to his
master, and you may rely upon it, that for my sake he will treat you with high
consideration.
As we were on our way to Don Matthias's house, this honest shopkeeper said -
- It is fit, methinks, that you should be let into the steward's character. His name is
Gregorio Rodriguez. Between ourselves, he is a man of low birth, with a talent for
intrigue, in which vocation he has laboured till a stewardship in two distressed
families completed their ruin, and made his fortune. I give you notice, that his vanity
is excessive; he loves to see the under-servants creeping and crawling at his feet. It is
with him they must make interest if they have any favour to beg of their master, for
should they happen to obtain it without his interference, he has always some shift or
other at hand to get the boon revoked, or at least render it of no avail. Regulate your
conduct on this hint, Gil Blas; pay court to Signor Rodriguez in preference to your
master himself, and leave no stone unturned to get into his good graces. His friendship

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will be of material service to you. He will pay your wages to the day; and, if you have
management enough to worm yourself into his confidence, you may chance to pick up
some of the fragments which fall from his table. There are enough for an hungrier dog
than you! Don Matthias is a young nobleman, with no thought to throw away but on
his pleasures, nor the slightest suspicion how his own affairs are going on. What a
house for a steward who knows how to be a steward!
When we got to our journey's end, we asked to speak with Signor Rodriguez.
We were told that we should find him in his own apartment. There he was, sure
enough, and with him a clownish sort of fellow holding a blue bag, full of money. The
steward, looking more wan and yellow than a girl in a hurry for a husband, ran up to
Melendez with open arms; the draper was not behindhand with him, and they each
hugged the other with a shew of friendship, at least as much indebted to art as nature
for its plausible effect. After this, the next question was about me. Rodriguez
examined me from top to toe; saying very civilly at the same time that I was just such
an one as Don Matthias wanted, and that he would with pleasure take upon himself to
present me to that nobleman. Thereupon Melendez gave him to understand how
deeply he was interested in my behalf; he begged the steward to take me under his
protection, and leaving me with him, after plenty of compliments, withdrew. As soon
as he was gone out, Rodriguez said, I will introduce you to my master the moment I
have dispatched this honest husbandman. He called the country man to him forthwith,
and taking his bag, Talego, said he, let us see if the five hundred pistoles are all right.
He counted over the money himself. As the sum was found to be exact, the
countryman took a receipt and went away. The cash was put back again into the bag.
It was my turn next to be attended to. We may now, said my new patron, go to my
master's levee. He usually gets up about noon, it is now near one o'clock, and must be
daylight in his apartment.
Don Matthias had indeed just risen. He was still in his morning gown, kicking
his heels in a great chair, with a leg tossed over one of the elbows, swinging
backwards and forwards, and manufacturing his own snuff. His conversation was
addressed to a footman in waiting, who officiated as a temporary valet-de- chambre.
My lord, said the steward, here is a young man whom I take the liberty of presenting
to your lordship in the place of him you discharged the day before yesterday. Your
draper, Melendez, has given him a character; he undertakes for his qualifications, and
I believe you will be very well pleased with him. That is enough, answered the young
nobleman, since he has your recommendation, I adopt him blindfold into my retinue.
He is my valet-de-chambre at once; that business is settled. Let us talk of other
matters, Rodriguez, you are come just in time, I was going to send for you. I have a
budget of bad news, my dear Rodriguez. I played with ill luck last night, an hundred
pistoles in my pocket lost, and two hundred more on credit. You know how
indispensable it is for persons of high rank to pay their debts of honour. As for any
other, it is no matter when they are paid. Punctuality is all very well between one
tradesman and another, but they cannot expect it from one of us. These two hundred
pistoles must be raised forthwith and sent to the Countess de Pedrosa. Sir, quoth the
steward, that is sooner said than done. Where, prythee, am I to get such a sum?
Threaten as I will, I never touch a maravedi from your tenants. And yet your
establishment is to be kept up in style, and I am wearing myself to a thread in
furnishing the ways and means. It is true that hitherto, heaven be praised, we have
rubbed on, but what witch to conjure for a wind, now, I know not, the case is
desperate. All this prosing is extremely impertinent, interrupted Don Matthias; this
countinghouse talk makes me hideously nervous. So then, Rodriguez, you really think

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to undertake my reform, and metamorphose me into a plodding manager of my own

estates? A very elegant sort of pastime for a man in my station of life; a man of rank
and fashion! Grant me patience, replied the steward; at the rate we are driving now, it
is easily calculated how soon you will be released from all those cares. You are a very
great bore, resumed the young nobleman rather peevishly, this brutal importunity is
downright murder to one's feelings. I hate loud music, be so good as to let me be
ruined pianissimo. I tell you I want two hundred pistoles, and I must have them. Why,
then, said Rodriguez, we must have recourse to the old rascal who has lent you so
much already on usurious terms. Have recourse to the devil, if he will do you any
good, answered Don Matthias; only let me have two hundred pistoles, and it is the
same thing to me how you manage to get them.
While he was uttering these words in a hasty and fretful tone, the steward went
out; and Don Antonio Centellés, a young man of quality, came in. What is the matter,
my friend? said this last to my master: your atmosphere is overcast; I trace passion in
the lines of your countenance. Who can have ruffled that sweet temper? I would lay a
wager, it was that booby just gone out. Yes, answered Don Matthias, he is my
steward. Every time he comes to speak to me, I am in an agony for a quarter of an
hour or twenty minutes. He rings the changes on the state of my affairs; and tells me
that I am spending principal and interest A beast! He will say next, that I have ruined
him into the bargain! My dear fellow, replied Don Antonio, I am exactly in the same
situation. My man of business is just such another scarecrow as your steward. When
the sneaking scoundrel, after repeated demands, brings me some niggardly supply, it
is just as if he was lending me his own. He expostulates most barbarously. Sir, says
he, you are going to rack and ruin; there is an execution out against you. I am obliged
to cut him short, and beg him to remonstrate in epitome. The worst of it is, said Don
Matthias, that there is no doing without these fellows; they are the penance attached to
our elegant indiscretions. Just so, replied Centellés. But listen, pursued he, bursting
into a fit of laughter; a pleasant idea has just struck me. Nothing was ever more
farcically fancied. We may introduce a buffo caricato into our serious opera, and
relieve the knell of our departed goods and chattels with an humorous divertissement.
The plot is thus: let me try to borrow from your steward whatever you want. You shall
do the same with my man of business. Then let them both preach as they please; we
shall hearken with the utmost composure. Your steward will come and open his case
to me; my man of business will plead the poverty of the land to you. I shall hear of
nothing but your extravagance; and you will see your own in mine as in a glass. It will
be vastly entertaining.
A thousand brilliant conceits followed this flight of genius, and put the young
patricians into high spirits, so that they kept up the ball with vivacity, if not with wit.
Their conversation was interrupted by Gregorio Rodriguez, who brought back with
him a little old man with a bald head. Don Antonio was for moving off. Farewell, Don
Matthias, said he, we shall meet again anon. I leave you with these gentlemen; you
have, doubtless, some state affairs to discuss in council. Oh! no, no, answered my
master, you had better stop; you will not interrupt us. This warm old gentleman has
the moderation to lend me money at twenty per cent. What! at twenty per cent!
exclaimed Centellés in a tone of astonishment. In good truth! I wish you joy on being
in such hands. I do not come off so cheaply, for my part: I pay through the nose for
every farthing I get. My loans are generally raised at double that per cent. There is
usury! said the father of the usurious tribe; unconscionable dogs! Where do they
expect to go when they die? I do not wonder there is so strong a prejudice against
money-lenders. It is the exorbitant profit which some of them derive from their

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discounts, that brings reproach and ill- will upon us all. If all my brethren of the blue
balls were like me, we should not be treated so scurvily; for my part, I only lend to do
my duty towards my neighbour. Ah! if times were as good now as in my early days,
my purse should be at your service as a friend; and even now, in the present distress
of the money- market, it goes against the grain to take a poor twenty per cent. But one
would think the money was all gone back to the mines whence it came: there is no
such thing to be had, and the scarcity compels me to depart a little from the
disinterested severity of my benevolence. How much do you want? pursued he,
addressing my master. Two hundred pistoles, answered Don Matthias. I have four
hundred here in a bag, replied the usurer; it is only to give you half of them. At the
same time he drew from underneath his cloak a blue bag, looking just like that in
which farmer Talego had left five hundred pistoles with Rodriguez. I was not long in
forming my judgment of the matter, and saw plainly that Melendez had not bragged
without reason of the steward's aptness in the ways of the world. The old man emptied
the bag, displayed the cash on a table, and set about counting it. The sight set all my
master's extravagant passions in a flame; the sum total proved very striking to his
comprehension. Signor Descomulgado, said he to the usurer, I have just made a very
sensible reflection: I am a great fool. I only borrow enough to redeem my credit,
without thinking of my empty pockets. I should be obliged to give you the trouble of
coming again to-morrow. I think, therefore, it will be best to spare your age and
infirmities, and ease you of the four hundred at once. My lord, answered the old man,
I had destined half of this money to a good licentiate, who lays out the income of his
large preferments in those pious and charitable uses for which they were originally
given to the clergy, as stewards of the poor, and guides to the young and unwary. In
pursuance of this end, it is his great delight to wean young girls from the seductions of
a wicked world, and place them in a snug well-furnished little box of his own, where
they may be obnoxious to his ghostly admonitions by day and by night. But, since you
have occasion for the whole sum, it is at your disposal. Some thing by way of security
. . . . Oh! as for security, interrupted Rodriguez, taking a paper out of his pocket, you
shall have as good as the bank. Here is a note which Signor Don Matthias has only
just to sign. He makes over five hundred pistoles, due from one of his tenants, Talego,
a wealthy yeoman of Mondejar. That is enough, replied the usurer, I never split hairs,
but deal upon the square. The steward insinuated a pen between his master's fingers,
who signed his name at the bottom of the note, without reading it; and whistled as he
signed, for want of thought.
That business settled, the old man took his leave of my noble employer, who
shook him cordially by the hand, saying: Till I have. the pleasure of seeing you again,
good master pounds, shillings, and pence, I am your most devoted humble servant. I
do not know why you should all be lumped together for a set of blood-suckers; you
seem to me a necessary link in the chain of well-ordered society. You are as good as a
physician to us pecuniary invalids of quality, and keep us alive by artificial
restoratives in the last stage of a consumptive purse. You are in the right, exclaimed
Centellés. Usurers are a very gentlemanly order in society, and I must not be denied
the privilege of paying my compliments to this illustrious specimen, for the sake of
his twenty per cent. With this banter, he came up and threw his arms about the old
man's neck: and these two overgrown children, for their amusement, began sending
him backward. and forward between them like a shuttlecock. After they had tossed
him about from pillar to post, they suffered him to depart with the steward, who ought
to have come in for his share of the game, and for something a little more serious.

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When Rodriguez and his stalking-horse had left the room, Don Matthias sent,
by the lacquey in waiting, half his pistoles to the Countess de Pedrosa, and deposited
the other half in a long purse worked with gold and silk, which he usually wore in his
pocket. Very well pleased to find himself in cash, he said to Don Antonio, with an air
of gaiety: What shall we do with ourselves to-day? Let us call a council. That is
talking like a statesman, answered Centellés: I am your man: let us ponder gravely.
While they were collecting their deliberative wisdom on the course they were to
pursue for the day, two other noblemen came in; Don Alexo Segiar and Don
Ferdinand de Gamboa; both nearly about my master's age, that is, from eight and
twenty to thirty. These four jolly blades began with such hearty salutations, as if they
had not met for these ten years. After that, Don Ferdinand, a professed bacchanalian,
made his proposals to Don Matthias and Don Antonio: Gentlemen, said he, where do
you dine to-day? If you are not engaged, I will take you to a tavern, where you shall
quaff celestial liquor. I supped there last night, and did not come away till between
five and six this morning. Would to heaven, exclaimed my master, I had done the
same! I should not have lost my money.
For my part, said Centellés, I treated myself yesterday evening with a new
amusement; for variety has always its charms for me. Nothing but a change of
pleasures can make the dull round of human life supportable. One of my friends
introduced me neck and heels to one of those gentry ycleped tax-gatherers, who do the
government business and their own at the same time. There was no want of
magnificence, good taste, or a well-designed set out table! but I found in the family
itself an highly seasoned relish of absurdity. The farmer of the revenues, though the
most meanly extracted of the whole party, must set up for a great man; and his wife,
though hideously ugly, was a goddess in her own estimation, and made a thousand
silly speeches, the zest of which was heightened by a Biscayan accent. Add to this,
that there were four or five children with their tutor at table. Judge if it must not have
been an amusing family party.
As for me, gentlemen, said Don Alexo Segiar, I supped with Arsenia the
actress. We were six at table: Arsenia, Florimonde, a coquette of her acquaintance, the
Marquis de Zenette, Don Juan de Moncade, and your humble servant. We passed the
night in drinking and talking bawdy. What a flow of soul! To be sure, Arsenia and
Florimonde are not strong in their upper works; but then they have a facility in their
vocation which is more than all the wit in the world. They are the dearest madcaps,
gay, romping, and rampant: they are an hundred times better than your modest women
of sense and discretion.

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CH. IV. -- Gil Blas gets into company with his fellows; they shew him a ready
road to the reputation of wit, and impose on him a singular oath.
THOSE noblemen pursued this strain of conversation, till Don Matthias, about
whose person I was fiddling all the while, was ready to go out. He then told me to
follow him; and this bevy of fashionables set sail together for the tavern, whither Don
Ferdinand de Gamboa proposed to conduct them. I began my march in the rear rank
with three other valets; for each of the gentlemen had his own. I remarked with
astonishment that these three servants copied their masters, and assumed the same
follies. I introduced myself as a new comer. They returned my salute in form; and one
of them, after having taken measure of me very accurately, said -- Brother, I perceive,
by your gait, that you have never yet lived with a young nobleman. Alas! no,
answered I, neither have I been long in Madrid. So it appears, replied he, you smell
strong of the country. You seem timid and embarrassed; there is an hitch in your
deportment. But no matter, we will soon wear off all stiffness, take my word for it.
Perhaps you think better of me than I deserve, said I. No, resumed he, no; there is no
such cub as we cannot lick into shape; assure yourself of that.
This specimen was enough to convince me that I had hearty fellows for my
comrades, and that I could not be in better hands to initiate me into high life below-
stairs. On our arrival at the tavern, we found an entertainment ready which Signor
Don Ferdinand had been so provident as to order in the morning. Our masters sat
down to table, and we arranged ourselves behind their chairs. The conversation was
spirited and lively. My ears tingled to hear them. Their humour, their way of thinking,
their mode of expression diverted me. What fire! what sallies of imagination! They
appeared like a new order of beings. With the dessert, we set before them a great
choice of the best wines in Spain, and left the room, to go to dinner in a little parlour,
where our cloth was laid.
I was not long in discovering that the combatants in our lists had more to
recommend them than appeared at first sight. They were not satisfied with aping the
manners of their masters, but even copied their phrases; and these varlets gave such a
facsimile, that bating a little vulgarity, they might have passed themselves off very
well. I admired their free and easy carriage; still more was I charmed with their wit,
but despaired of ever coming up to them in my own person. Don Ferdinand's servant,
on the score of his master treating ours, did the honours; and, determined to do the
thing genteelly, he called the landlord, and said to him -- Master tapster, give us ten
bottles of your very best wine; and, as you have an happy knack of doing, make the
gentlemen up stairs believe that they have drank them. With all my heart, answered
the landlord; but, Master Gaspard, you know that Signor Don Ferdinand owes me for
a good many dinners already. If through your kind intervention I could get some little
matter on account . . . . Oh! interrupted the valet, do not be at all uneasy about your
debt: I will take it upon myself; put it down to me. It is true that some unmannerly
creditors have preferred legal measures to a reliance on our honour; but we shall take
the first opportunity of obtaining a replevy, and will pay you without looking at your
bill. To have my master on your books is like so many ingots of gold. The landlord
brought us the wine, in spite of unmannerly creditors; and we drank to a speedy
replevy. It was as good as a comedy to see us drinking each other's health every
minute, under our masters' titles. Don Antonio's servant called Don Ferdinand's plain
Gamboa, and Don Ferdinand's servant called Don Antonio's Centellés: they dubbed
me Silva; and we kept pace in drunkenness, under these borrowed names, with the
noblemen to whom they properly belonged.

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Though my wit was less conspicuous than that of the other guests, they lost no
opportunity of testifying their pleasure in my acquaintance. Silva, said one of our
merriest soakers, we shall make something of you, my friend. I perceive that you have
wit at will, if you did but know how to draw upon it. The fear of talking absurdly
prevents you from throwing out at all; and yet it is only by a bold push that a thousand
people now-a-days set themselves up for good companions. Do you wish to be bright?
You have only to give the reins to your loquacity, and to venture indiscriminately on
whatever comes uppermost: your blunders will pass for the eccentricities of genius.
Though you should utter an hundred extravagances, let but a single good joke be
packed up in the bundle, the nonsense shall be all forgotten, the witticism bandied
about, and your talent be puffed into high repute. This is the happy method our
masters have devised, and it ought to be adopted by all new candidates. Besides that I
had but too strong a wish to pass for a clever fellow, the trick they taught me appeared
so easy in the performance, that it ought not to be buried in obscurity. I tried it at
once, and the fumes of the wine contributed to my success; that is to say, I talked at
random, and had the good luck to strike out of much absurdity some flashes of
merriment, very acceptable to my audience. This first essay inspired me with
confidence. I redoubled my sprightliness, to sparkle in repartee; and chance gave a
successful issue to my endeavours.
Well done! said my fellow-servant who had addressed me in the street, do not
you begin to shake off your rustic manners? You have not been two hours in our
company, and you are quite another creature: your improvement will be visible every
day. This it is to wait on people of quality. It causes an elevation, which the mind can
never attain under a plebeian roof. Doubtless, answered I -- and for that reason I shall
henceforth dedicate my little talents to the nobility. That is bravely said, roared out
Don Ferdinand's servant, half seas over, commoners are not entitled to possess such a
fund of superior genius as exists in us. Come, gentlemen, let us make a vow never to
colleague with any such beggarly fellows; let us swear to that by Styx. We laughed
heartily at Gaspard's conceit: the proposal was received with applause: and we took
this mock oath with our glasses in our hands.
Thus sat we at table till our masters were pleased to get up from it. This was at
midnight; an outrageous instance of sobriety, in the opinion of my colleagues. To be
sure, these noble lords left the tavern so early only to visit a celebrated wanton,
lodging in the purlieus of the court, and keeping open house night and day for the
votaries of pleasure. She was a woman from five and thirty to forty, still in the height
of her charms, entertaining in her discourse, and so perfect a mistress in the art of
pleasure, that she sold the waste and refuse of her beauty at a higher price than the
first sample of the unadulterated article. She had always two or three other pieces of
damaged goods in the house, who contributed not a little to the great concourse of
nobility resorting thither. The afternoon was spent in play; then supper, and the night
passed in drinking and making merry. Our masters staid till morning, and so did we,
without thinking the time long; for, while they were toying with the mistresses, we
attacked the maids. At length, we all parted when daylight peeped in on our festivities,
and went to bed each of us at our separate homes.
My master getting up at his usual time, about noon, dressed himself. He went
out. I followed him, and we paid a visit to Don Antonio Centellés, with whom we
found one Don Alvaro de Acuna. He was an old gentleman, who gave lectures on the
science of debauchery. The rising generation, if they wanted to qualify themselves for
fine gentlemen, put themselves under his tuition. He moulded their ductile habits to
pleasure, taught them to make a distinguished figure in the world, and to squander

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their substance: he had no qualms as to running out his own, for the deed was done.
After these three blades had exchanged the compliments of the morning, Centellés
said to my master -- In good faith, Don Matthias, you could not have come at a more
lucky time. Don Alvar is come to take me with him to a dinner, given by a citizen to
the Marquis de Zenette and Don Juan de Moncade; and you shall be of the party. And
what is the citizen's name? said Don Matthias. Gregorio de Noriega, said Don Alvar,
and I will describe the young man in two words. His father, a rich jeweller, is gone
abroad, to attend the foreign markets, and left his son, at his departure, in the
enjoyment of a large income. Gregorio is a blockhead, with a turn for every sort of
extravagance, and an awkward hankering after the reputation of wit and fashion, in
despite of nature. He has begged of me to give him a few instructions. I manage him
completely; and can assure you, gentlemen, that I lead him a rare dance. His estate is
rather deeply dipped already. I do not doubt it, exclaimed Centellés; I see the vulgar
dog in an almshouse. Come, Don Matthias: let us honour the fellow with our
acquaintance, and be in at the death of him. Willingly, answered my master, for I
delight in seeing the fortune of these plebeian upstarts kicked over, when they affect
to mix among us. Nothing, for instance, ever entertained me so much as the downfall
of the toll-gatherer's son, whom play, and the vanity of figuring among the great, have
stripped, till he has not a house over his head. Oh! as for that, replied Don Alvar, he
deserves no pity, he is as great a coxcomb in his poverty as he was in his prosperity.
Centellés and my master accompanied Don Alvar to Gregorio de Noriega's
party. We went there also, that is, Mogicon and myself; both in ecstasy at having an
opportunity of spunging on a citizen, and pleasing ourselves with the thought of being
in at the death of him. At our entrance, we observed several men employed in
preparing dinner; and there issued from the ragouts they were taking up, a vapour
which conciliated the palate through the medium of the nostrils. The Marquis de
Zenette and Don Juan de Moncade were just come. The founder of the feast seemed a
great simpleton. He aped the man of fashion with a most clumsy grace; a wretched
copy of admirable originals, or, more properly, an idiot in the chair of wisdom and
taste. Figure to yourself a man of this character in the centre of five bantering fellows,
all intent on making a jest of him, and drawing him into ridiculous expenses.
Gentlemen, said Don Alvar, after the first interchange of civilities, give me leave to
introduce you to Signor Gregorio de Noriega, a most brilliant star in the hemisphere
of fashion. He owns a thousand amiable qualities. Do you know that he has an highly
cultivated understanding? Choose your own subject, he is equally at home in every
branch, from the subtilty and closeness of logic, to the elementary science of the criss-
cross-row. Oh! this is really too flattering, interrupted the scot and lot gentleman with
a very uncouth laugh. I might, Signor Alvaro, put you to the blush as you have put
me; for you may truly be termed a reservoir as it were, a common sewer of erudition. I
had no intention, replied Don Alvaro, to draw upon myself so savoury an encomium;
but truly, gentlemen, Signor Gregorio cannot fail of establishing a name in the world.
As for me, said Don Antonio, what is so delightful in my eyes, far above the honours
of logic or the criss-cross row, is the tasteful selection of his company. Instead of
demeaning himself to the level of tradesmen, he associates only with the young
nobility, and sets the expense at nought. There is an elevation of sentiment in this
conduct which enchants me: and this is what you may truly call disbursing with taste
and judgment.
These ironical speeches were only the preludes to a continual strain of banter.
Poor Gregorio was attacked on all hands. The wits shot their bolts by turns, but they
made no impression on the fool; on the contrary, he took all they said literally, and

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seemed highly pleased with his guests, as if they did him a favour by making him
their laughing-stock. In short, he served them for a butt while they sat at table, which
they did not quit during the afternoon, nor till late at night. We, as well as our masters,
drank as we liked, so that the servants'-hall and the dining-room were in equally high
order when we took our leave of the young jeweller.

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CH. V. -- Gil Blas becomes the darling of the fair sex, and makes an interesting
acquaintance.
AFTER some hours' sleep I got up in fine spirits; and calling the advice of
Melendez to mind, went, till my master was stirring, to pay my court to our steward,
whose vanity was rather flattered by this attention. He received me with a gracious
air, and inquired how I was reconciled to the habits and manners of the young
nobility. I answered, that they were strange to me as yet, but that use and good
example might work wonders in the end.
Use and good example did work wonders, and that right soon. My temper and
conduct were quite altered. From a discreet, sober lad, I got to be a lively, heedless
merry-andrew. Don Antonio's servant paid me a compliment on my transformation,
and told me that there wanted nothing but a tender interest in the lovely part of the
creation to shine like a new star dropped from the heavens. He pointed out to me that
it was an indispensable requisite in the character of a pretty fellow, that all our set
were well with some fine woman or other; and that he himself; to his own share,
engrossed the favours of two beauties in high life. I was of opinion that the rascal lied.
Master Mogicon, said I, you are doubtless a very dapper, lively little fellow, with a
modest assurance; but still I do not comprehend how women of quality, not having
your sweet person on their own private establishments, should run the risk of being
detected in an intrigue with a footman out of doors. Oh! as for that, answered he, they
do not know my condition. To my master's wardrobe, and even to his name, am I
indebted for these conquests. I will tell you how it is. I dress myself up as a young
nobleman, and assume the manners of one. I go to public places, and tip the wink first
to one woman and then to another, till I meet with one who returns the signal. Her I
follow, and find means to speak with her. I take the name of Don Antonio Centellés. I
plead for an assignation, the lady is squeamish about it; I am pressing, she is kind, et
caetera. Thus it is, my fine fellow, that I contrive to carry on my intrigues, and I
would have you profit by the hint.
I was too ambitious of shining like a new star dropped from the heavens, to
turn a deaf ear to such counsel; besides, there was about me no aversion to an amour. I
therefore laid a plan to disguise myself as a young nobleman, and look out for
adventures of gallantry. There was a risk in assuming my masquerade dress at home,
lest it might be observed. I took a complete suit from my master's wardrobe, and made
it up into a bundle, which I carried to a barber's, where I thought I could dress and
undress conveniently. There I tricked myself out to the best advantage. The barber too
lent a helping hand to my attire. When we thought it adjusted to a nicety, I sauntered
towards Saint Jerome's meadow, whence I felt morally certain that I should not return
without making an impression. But I could not even get thither, without a proof of my
own attractions.
As I was crossing a bye-street, a lady of genteel figure, elegantly dressed,
came out of a small house, and got into an hired carriage standing at the door. I
stopped short to look at her, and bowed significantly, so as to convey an intimation
that my heart was not insensible. On her part, to show me that her face was not less
lovely than her person, she lifted up her veil for a moment. In the mean time the coach
set off, and I stood stock still in the street, not a little stiffened at this vision. A vastly
pretty woman! said I to myself, bless us! this is just what is wanting to make me
perfectly accomplished. If the two ladies who share Mogicon between them are
equally handsome, the scoundrel is in luck! I should be delighted with her for a
mistress. Ruminating on these things, I looked by chance towards the house whence

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that lovely creature had glided, and saw at a window on the ground floor an old
woman beckoning me to come in.
I flew like lightning into the house, and found, in a very neat parlour, this
venerable and wary matron, who, taking me for a marquis at least, dropped a low
curtsey, and said -- I doubt not, my lord, but you must have a bad opinion of a woman
who, without the slightest acquaintance, beckons you out of the street; but you will
perhaps judge more favourably of me when you shall know that I do not pay that
compliment promiscuously. You look like a man of fashion! You are perfectly in the
right, my old girl, interrupted I, stretching out my right leg, and throwing the weight
of my body on my left hip; mine is, vanity apart, one of the best families in Spain. It
must be so by your looks, replied she, and I will fairly own that I delight in doing a
kindness to people of quality, that is my weak side. I watched you through my
window. You looked very earnestly at a lady who has just left me. Perhaps you may
have taken a fancy to her? tell me so plainly. By the honour of my house, answered I,
she has shot me through the heart. I never saw anything so tempting; a most divine
creature! Do bring us acquainted, my dear, and rely on my gratitude. It is worth while
to do these little offices for us of the beau monde; they are better paid than our bills.
I have told you once for all, replied the old woman, I am entirely devoted to
people of condition; it is my passion to be useful to them: I receive here, for example,
a certain class of ladies, whom appearances prevent from seeing their favourites at
home. I lend them my house, and thus the warmth of their constitutions is indulged,
without risk to their characters. Vastly well, quoth I, and you have just done that
kindness to the lady in question? No, answered she, this is a young widow of quality,
in want of an admirer; but so difficult in her choice, that I do not know whether you
will do for her, however great your requisites may be. I have already introduced to her
three well-furnished gallants, but she turned up her nose at them. Oh! egad, my life,
exclaimed I confidently, you have only to stick me in her skirts, I will give you a good
account of her, take my word for it. I long to have a grapple with a beauty of such
peremptory demands, they have not yet fallen in my way. Well, then, said the old
woman, you have only to come hither to-morrow at the same hour, your curiosity
shall be satisfied. I will not fail, rejoined I; we shall see whether a young nobleman
can miss a conquest.
I returned to the little barber's without looking for other adventures, but deeply
interested in the event of this. Therefore, on the following day, I went, in splendid
attire, to the old woman's an hour sooner than the time. My lord, said she, you are
punctual, and I take it kindly. To be sure the game is worth the chase. I have seen our
young widow, and we have had a good deal of talk about you. Not a word was to be
said; but I have taken such a liking to you that I cannot hold my tongue. You have
made yourself agreeable, and will soon be a happy man. Between ourselves, the lady
is a relishing morsel, her husband did not live long with her; he glided away like a
shadow: she has all the merit of an absolute girl. The good old lady, no doubt, meant
one of those clever girls, who contrive not to live single, though they live unmarried.
The heroine of the assignation came soon in an hired carriage, as on the day
before, dressed very magnificently. As soon as she came into the room, I led off with
five or six coxcombical bows, accompanied by the most fashionable grimaces. After
this, I went up to her with a very familiar air, and said -- My adored angel, you behold
a gentleman of no mean rank, whom your charms have undone. Your image, since
yesterday, has taken complete possession of my fancy; you have turned a duchess
neck and heels out of my heart, who was beginning to establish a footing there. The
triumph is too glorious for me, answered she, throwing off her veil, but still my

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transports are not without alloy. Young men of fashion love variety, and their hearts
are, they say, bandied about from one to the other like a piece of base money. Ah! my
sovereign mistress, replied I, let us leave the future to shift for itself; and think only of
the present. You are lovely, I am in love. If my passion is not hateful to you, let it take
its course at random. We will embark like true sailors, set the storms and shipwreck of
a long voyage at defiance, and only take the fair weather of the time present into the
account.
In finishing this speech, I threw myself in raptures at the feet of my nymph;
and the better to hit off my assumed character, pressed her with some little
peevishness not to delay my bliss. She seemed a little touched by my remonstrances,
but thought it too soon to yield, and giving me a gentle rebuff -- Hold, said she, you
are too importunate, this is like a rake. I fear you are but a loose young fellow. For
shame, madam, exclaimed I; can you set your face against what women of the first
taste and condition encourage? A prejudice against what is vulgarly called vice may
be all very well for citizens' wives. That is decisive, replied she, there is no resisting
so forcible a plea. I see plainly that with men of your order dissimulation is to no
purpose; a woman must meet you half way. Learn then your victory, added she with
an appearance of disorder, as if her modesty suffered by the avowal; you have
inspired me with sentiments such as are new to my heart, and I only wait to know who
you are, that I may take you for my acknowledged lover. I believe you a young lord
and a gentleman, yet there is no trusting to appearances; and however prepossessed I
may be in your favour, I would not give away my affections to a stranger. I
recollected at the moment how Don Antonio's servant had got out of a similar
perplexity; and determining, after his example, to pass for my master -- Madam, said I
to my dainty widow, I will not excuse myself from telling you my name, it is one that
will not disparage its owner. Have you ever heard of Don Matthias de Silva? Yes,
replied she; indeed I have seen him with a lady of my acquaintance. Though
considerably improved in impudence, I was a little troubled by this discovery. Yet I
rallied my forces in an instant, and extricated myself with a happy presence of mind.
Well then, my fair one, retorted I, the lady of your acquaintance . . . . knows a lord . . .
. of my acquaintance . . . . and I am of his acquaintance; of his own family, since you
must know it. His grandfather married the sister-in-law of my father's uncle. You see
we are very near relations. My name is Don Caesar. I am the only son of the great
Don Ferdinand de Ribera, slain fifteen years ago, in a battle on the frontiers of
Portugal. I could give you all the particulars of the action; it was a devilish sharp one .
. . . but to fight it over again would be losing the precious moments of mutual love.
After this discourse I got to be importunate and impassioned, but without
bringing matters at all forwarder. The favours which my goddess winked at my
snatching, tended only to make me languish for what she was more chary of. The
tyrant got back to her coach, which was waiting at the door. Nevertheless, I withdrew,
well enough pleased with my success, though it still fell short of the only perfect
issue. If said I to myself, I have obtained indulgences but by halves, it is because this
lady, forsooth, is a high-born dame, and thinks it beneath her quality to play the very
woman at the first interview. The pride of pedigree stands in the way of my
advancement just now, but in a few days we shall be better acquainted. To be sure, it
did not once come into my head. that she might be one of those cunning gipsies
always on the catch. Yet I liked better to look at things on the right side than on the
wrong, and thus maintained a favourable opinion of my widow. We had agreed at
parting to meet again on the day after the morrow; and the hope of arriving at the

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summit of my wishes gave me a foretaste of the pleasures with which I tickled my

fancy.
With my brain full of joyous traces, I returned to my barber. Having changed
my dress, I went to attend my master at the tennis-court. I found him at play, and saw
that he won; for he was not one of those impenetrable gamesters who make or mar a
fortune without moving a muscle. In prosperity he was flippant and overbearing, but
quite peevish on the losing side. He left the tennis-court in high spirits, and went for
the Prince's Theatre. I followed him to the boxdoor, then putting a ducat into my
hand-- Here, Gil Blas, said he, as I have been a winner to- day, you shall not be the
worse for it; go, divert yourself with your friends, and come to me about midnight at
Arsenia's, where I am to sup with Don Alexo Segiar. He then went in, and I stood
debating with whom I should disburse my ducat, according to the pious will of the
founder. I did not muse long. Clarin, Don Alexo's servant, just then came in my way. I
took him to the next tavern, and we amused ourselves there till midnight. Thence we
repaired to Arsenia's house, where Clarin had orders to attend. A little footboy opened
the door, and showed us into a room down- stairs, where Arsenia's waiting-woman,
and the lady who held the same office about Florimonde, were laughing ready to split
their sides, while their mistresses were above-stairs with our masters.
The addition of two jolly fellows just come from a good supper, could not be
unwelcome to abigails, and to the abigails of actresses too; but what was my
astonishment when in one of these lowly ladies I discovered my widow, my adorable
widow, whom I took for a countess or a marchioness! She appeared equally amazed to
see her dear Don Caesar de Ribera metamorphosed into the valet of a beau. However,
we looked at one another without being out of countenance; indeed, such a tingling
sensation of laughter came over us both, as we could not help indulging in. After
which Laura, for that was her name, drawing me aside while Clarin was speaking to
her fellow-servant, held out her hand to me very kindly, and said in a low voice --
Accept this pledge, Signor Don Caesar; mutual congratulations are more to the
purpose than mutual reproaches, my friend. You topped your part to perfection, and I
was not quite contemptible in mine. What say you? confess now, did not you take me
for one of those precious peeresses who are fond of a little smuggled amusement? It is
even so, answered I, but whoever you are, my empress, I have not changed my
sentiments with my paraphernalia. Accept my services in good part, and let the valet-
de-chambre of Don Matthias consummate what Don Caesar has so happily begun. Get
you gone, replied she, I like you ten times better in your natural than in your artificial
character. You are as a man what I am as a woman, and that is the greatest
compliment I can pay you. You are admitted into the number of my adorers. We have
no longer any need of the old woman as a blind, you may come and see me whenever
you like. We theatrical ladies are no slaves to form, but live higgledy- piggledy with
the men. I allow that the effects are sometimes visible, but the public wink hard at our
irregularities; the drama's patrons, as you well know, give the drama's laws, and
absolve us from all others.
We went no further, because there were bystanders. The conversation be came
general, lively, jovial, inclining to loose jokes, not very carefully wrapped up. We all
of us bore a bob. Arsenia's attendant above all, my amiable Laura, was very
conspicuous; but her wit was so extremely nimble, that her virtue could never
overtake it. Our masters and the actresses on the floor above, raised incessant peals of
laughter, which reached us in the regions below; and probably the entertainment was
much alike with the celestials and the infernals. If all the knowing remarks had been
written down, which escaped from the philosophers that night assembled at Arsenia's,

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I really think it would have been a manual for the rising generation. Yet we could not
arrest the chaste moon in her progress; the rising of that blab, the sun, parted us.
Clarin followed the heels of Don Alexo, and I went home with Don Matthias.

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CH. VI. -- The Prince's company of comedians.

My master getting up the next day, received a note from Don Alexo Segiar,
desiring his company immediately. We went, and found there the Marquis de Zenette,
and another young nobleman of prepossessing manners, whom I had never seen. Don
Matthias, said Segiar to my protector, introducing the stranger, give me leave to
present Don Pompeyo de Castro, a relation of mine. He has been at the court of
Portugal almost from his childhood. He reached Madrid last night, and returns to
Lisbon to-morrow. He can allow me only one day. I wish to make the most of the
precious moments, and thought of asking you and the Marquis de Zenette to make out
the time agreeably. Thereupon my master and Don Alexo's relation embraced heartily,
and complimented one an other in the most extravagant manner. I was much pleased
with Don Pompeyo's conversation, it showed both acuteness and solidity.
They dined with Segiar; and the gentlemen, after the dessert, amused
themselves at play till the theatre opened. Then they went all together to the Prince's
House, to see a new tragedy, called The Queen of Carthage. At the end of the piece
they returned to supper, and their conversation ran first on the composition, then upon
the actors. As for the work, cried Don Matthias, I think very lightly of it. Eneas is a
more pious blockhead there than in the Eneid. But it must be owned that the piece was
played divinely. What does Signor Don Pompeyo think of it? He does not seem to
agree with me. Gentlemen, said the illustrious stranger with a smile, you are so
enraptured with your actors, and still more with your actresses, that I scarcely dare
avow my dissent. That is very prudent, interrupted Don Alexo with a sneer, your
criticisms would be ill received. You should be tender of our actresses before the
trumpeters of their fame. We carouse with them every day, we warrant them sound in
their conceptions: we would give vouchers for the justness of their expression if it
were necessary. No doubt of it, answered his kinsman, you would do the same kind
office by their lives and their manners, from the same motives of companionable
feeling.
Your ladies of the sock and buskin at Lisbon, said the Marquis de Zenette,
laughing, are doubtless far superior? They certainly are, replied Don Pompeyo. They
are some of them at least perfect in their cast. And these, resumed the Marquis, would
be warranted by you in their conceptions and expressions? I have no personal
acquaintance with them, rejoined Don Pompeyo. I am not of their revels, and can
judge of their merit without partiality. Do you, in good earnest, think your company
first-rate? No, really, said the Marquis, I think no such thing, and only plead the cause
of a few individuals. I give up all the rest. Will you not allow extraordinary powers to
the actress who played Dido? Did she not personate that queen with the dignity, and at
the same time with all the bewitching charms, calculated to realize our idea of the
character? Could you help admiring the skill with which she seizes on the passions of
the spectator, and harmonizes their tone to the vibrations she purposes to produce?
She may be called perfect in the exquisite art of declaiming. I agree with you, said
Don Pompeyo, that she can touch the string either of terror or of pity: never did any
actress come closer to the heart, and the performance is altogether fine; but still she is
not without her defects. Two or three things disgusted me in her playing. Would she
denote surprise? she glances her eyes to and fro in a most extravagant manner,
altogether unbecoming her supposed majesty as a princess. Add to this, that in
swelling her voice, which is of itself sound and mellifluous, she goes out of her
natural key, and assumes a harsh ranting tone. Besides, it would seem as if she might

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be suspected in more than one passage, of not very clearly comprehending her author.
Yet I would in candour rather suppose her wanting in diligence than capacity.
As far as I see, said Don Matthias to the critic, you will never write
complimentary odes to our actresses! Pardon me, answered Don Pompeyo. I can
discover high talent through all their imperfections. I must say that I was enchanted
with the chambermaid in the interlude. What fine natural parts! With what grace she
treads the stage! Has she anything pointed to deliver? she heightens it by an arch
smile, with a keen glance and sarcastic emphasis, which convey more to the
understanding than the words to the ear. It might be objected that she sometimes gives
too much scope to her animal spirits, and exceeds the limits of allowable freedom, but
that would be hypercritical. There is one bad habit I should strongly advise her to
correct. Sometimes in the very crisis of the action, and in an affecting passage, she
bursts in all at once upon the interest with some misplaced jest, to curry favour with
the mob of barren spectators. The pit, you will say, is caught by her artifice; that may
be well for her popularity, but not for their taste.
And what do you think of the men? interrupted the Marquis; you must give
them no quarter, since you have handled the women so roughly. Not so, said Don
Pompeyo. There are some promising young actors, and I am particularly well pleased
with that corpulent performer who played the part of Dido's prime minister. His
recitation is unaffected, and he declaims just as they do in Portugal. If you can bear
such a fellow as that, said Segiar, you must be charmed with the representative of
Eneas. Did not you think him a great, an original performer? Very original, indeed,
answered the critic; his inflections are quite his own, they are as shrill as an hautboy.
Almost always out of nature, he rattles the impressive words of the sentence off his
tongue, while he labours and lingers on the expletives; the poor conjunctions are
frightened at their own report as they go off. He entertained me excessively, and
especially when he was expressing in confidence his distress at abandoning the
princess; never was grief more ludicrously depicted. Fair and softly, cousin, replied
Don Alexo; you will make us believe at last that good taste is not greatly cultivated at
the court of Portugal. Do you know that the actor of whom we are speaking is
esteemed a phenomenon? Did you not observe what thunders of applause he called
down? He cannot therefore be contemptible. That therefore does not prove the
proposition, replied Don Pompeyo. But, gentlemen, let us lay aside, I beseech you, the
injudicious suffrages of the pit; they are often given to performers very unseasonably.
Indeed, their boisterous tokens of approbation are more frequently bestowed on paltry
copies than on original merit, as Phedrus teaches us by an ingenious fable. Allow me
to repeat it as follows: -- The whole population of a city was assembled in a large
square to see a pantomime played. Among the performers there was one whose feats
were applauded every instant. This buffoon, at the end of the entertainment, wished to
close the scene with a new device. He came alone upon the stage, stooping clown,
covering his head with his mantle, and began counterfeiting the squeak of a pig. He
acquitted himself so naturally as to be suspected of having the animal itself concealed
within the folds of his drapery. He stripped, but there was no pig. The assembly rang
with more furious applause than ever. A peasant, among the spectators, was disgusted
at this misplaced admiration. Gentlemen, exclaimed he, you are in the wrong to be so
delighted with this buffoon, he is not so good a mimic as you take him for. I can enact
the pig better; if you doubt it, only attend here this time to-morrow. The people,
prejudiced in the cause of their favourite, collected in greater numbers on the next
day, rather to hiss the countryman than to see what he could do. The rivals appeared
on the stage. The buffoon began, and was more applauded than the day before. Then

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the farmer stooping down in his turn, with his head wrapped up in his cloak, pulled
the ear of a real pig under his arm, and made it squeal most horribly. Yet this
enlightened audience persisted in giving the preference to their favourite, and hooted
the countryman off the boards; who producing the pig before he went, said --
Gentlemen, you are not hissing me, but the original pig. So much for your judgment.
Cousin, said Don Alexo, your fable is rather satirical. Nevertheless, in spite of
your pig, we will not bate an inch of our opinion. But let us change the subject, this is
grown threadbare. Then you set off to-morrow, do what we can to keep you with us
longer? I should like, answered his kinsman, to protract my stay with you, but it is not
in my power. I have told you already that I am come to the court of Spain on an affair
of state. Yesterday, on my arrival, I had a conference with the prime minister; I am to
see him to-morrow morning, and shall set out immediately afterwards on my return to
Lisbon. You are become quite a Portuguese, observed Segiar, and, to all appearance,
we shall lose you entirely from Madrid. I think otherwise, replied Don Pompeyo, I
have the honour to stand well with the King of Portugal, and have many motives of
attachment to that court; yet with all the kindness that sovereign has testified towards
me, would you believe that I have been on the point of quitting his dominions for
ever. Indeed! by what strange accident? said the Marquis. Give us the history, I
beseech you. Very readily, answered Don Pompeyo, and at the same time my own, for
it is closely interwoven with the recital for which you have called.

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CH. VII. -- History of Don Pompeyo de Castro.

DON ALEXO knows, that from my boyish days, my passion was for a
military life. Our own country being at peace, I went into Portugal; thence to Africa
with the Duke of Braganza, who gave me a commission. I was a younger brother,
with as slender a provision as most in Spain; so that my only chance was in attracting
the notice of the commander-in-chief by my bravery. I was so far from deficient in my
duty, that the Duke promoted me, step by step, to one of the most honourable posts in
the service. After a long war, of which you all know the issue, I devoted myself to the
court; and the King, on strong testimonials from the general officers, rewarded me
with a considerable pension. Alive to that sovereign's generosity, I lost no opportunity
of proving my gratitude by my diligence. I was in attendance as often as etiquette
would allow me to offer myself to his notice. By this conduct I gained insensibly the
love of that prince, and received new favours from his hands.
One day, when I distinguished myself in running at the ring, and in a bull fight
preceding it, all the court extolled my strength and dexterity. On my return home, with
my honours thick upon me, I found there a note, informing me that a lady, my
conquest over whom ought to flatter me more than all the glory I had gained that day,
wished to have the pleasure of my company; and that I had only to attend in the
evening, at a place marked out in the letter. This was more than all my public
triumphs, and I concluded the writer to be a woman of the first quality. You may
guess that I did not loiter by the way. An old woman in waiting, as my guide,
conducted me by a little garden-gate into a large house, and left me in an elegant
closet, saying -- Stay here, I will acquaint my mistress with your arrival. I observed a
great many articles of value in the closet, which was magnificently illuminated; but
this splendour only caught my attention as confirming me in my previous opinion of
the lady's high rank. If appearances strengthened that conjecture, her noble and
majestic air on her entrance left no doubt on my mind. Yet I was a little out in my
calculation.
Noble sir, said she, after the step I have taken in your favour it were
impertinent to disown my partiality. Your brilliant actions of to-day, in presence of
the court, were not the inspirers of my sentiments, they only urge forward this avowal.
I have seen you more than once, have inquired into your character, and the result has
determined me to follow the impulse of my heart. But do not suppose that you are
well with a Duchess. I am but the widow of a captain in the King's Guards; yet there
is something to throw a radiance round your victory . . . . the preference you have
gained over one of the first noblemen in the kingdom. The Duke d'Almeyda loves me,
and presses his suit with ardour, yet without success. My vanity only induces me to
bear his importunities.
Though I saw plainly, by this address, that I had got in with a coquet, my
presiding star was not a whit out of my good graces for involving me in this
adventure. Donna Hortensia, for that was the lady's name, was just in the ripeness and
luxuriance of youth and dazzling beauty. Nay, more, she had refused the possession of
her heart to the earnest entreaties of a duke, and offered it unsolicited to me. What a
feather in the cap of a Spanish cavalier! I prostrated myself at Hortensia's feet, to
thank her for her favours. I talked just as a man of gallantry always does talk, and she
had reason to be satisfied with the extravagance of my acknowledgments. Thus we
parted the best friends in the world, on the terms of meeting every evening when the
Duke d'Almeyda was prevented from coming; and. she promised to give me due

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notice of his absence. The bargain was exactly fulfilled, and I was turned into the
Adonis of this new Venus.
But the pleasures of this life are transitory. With all the lady's precautions to
conceal our private treaty of commerce from my rival, he found means of gaining a
knowledge, of which it concerned us greatly to keep him ignorant: a disloyal
chamber- maid divulged the state secret. This nobleman, naturally generous, but
proud, self-sufficient, and violent, was exasperated at my presumption. Anger and
jealousy set him beside himself. Taking counsel only with his rage, he resolved on an
infamous revenge. One night when I was with Hortensia, he waylaid me at the little
garden-gate, with all his servants provided with cudgels. As soon as I came out, he
ordered me to be seized, and beat to death by these wretches. Lay on, said he, let the
rash intruder give up the ghost under your chastisement; thus shall his insolence be
punished. No sooner had he finished these words, than his myrmidons assaulted me in
a body, and gave me such a beating, as to stretch me senseless on the ground: after
which they hurried off with their master, to whom this butchery had been a delicious
pastime. I lay the remainder of the night, just as they had left me. At daybreak some
people passed by, who, finding that life was still in me, had the humanity to carry me
to a surgeon. Fortunately my wounds were not mortal; and, falling into skilful hands, I
was perfectly cured in two months. At the end of that period I made my appearance
again at court, and resumed my former way of life, except that I steered clear of
Hortensia, who on her part made no further attempt to renew the acquaintance,
because the Duke, on that condition, had pardoned her infidelity.
As my adventure was the town talk, and I was known to be no coward, people
were astonished to see me as quiet as if I had received no affront; for I kept my
thoughts to myself; and seemed to have no quarrel with any man living. No one knew
what to think of my counterfeited insensibility. Some imagined that, in spite of my
courage, the rank of the aggressor overawed me, and occasioned my tacit submission.
Others, with more reason, mistrusted my silence, and considered my inoffensive
demeanour as a cover to my revenge. The King was of opinion with these last, that I
was not a man to put up with an insult, and that I should not be wanting to myself at a
convenient opportunity. To discover my real intentions, he sent for me one day into
his closet, where he said: Don Pompeyo, I know what accident has befallen you, and
am surprised, I own, at your forbearance. You are certainly acting a part. Sire,
answered I, how can I know whom to challenge? I was attacked in the night by
persons unknown: it is a misfortune of which I must make the best. No, no, replied the
King, I am not to be duped by these evasive answers. The whole story has reached my
ears. The Duke d'Almeyda has touched your honour to the quick. You are nobly born,
and a Castilian: I know what that double character requires. You cherish hostile
designs. Admit me a party to your purposes; it must be so. Never fear the
consequences of making me your confidant.
Since your majesty commands it, resumed I, my sentiments shall be laid open
without reserve. Yes, sir, I meditate a severe retribution. Every man, wearing such a
name as mine, must account for its untarnished lustre with his family. You know the
unworthy treatment I have experienced; and I purpose assassinating the Duke
d'Almeyda, as a mode of revenge correspondent to the injury. I shall plunge a dagger
in his bosom, or shoot him through the head, and escape, if I can, into Spain. This is
my design.
It is violent, said the King: and yet I have little to say against it, after the
provocation which the Duke d'Almeyda has given you. He is worthy of the
punishment you destine for him. But do not be in a hurry with your project. Leave me

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to devise a method of bringing you together again as friends. Oh! sir, exclaimed I with
vexation, why did you extort my secret from me? What expedient can . . . . If mine is
not to your satisfaction, interrupted he, you may execute your first intention. I do not
mean to abuse your confidence. I shall not implicate your honour; so rest contented on
that head.
I was greatly puzzled to guess by what means the King designed to terminate
this affair amicably: but thus it was. He sent to speak with the Duke d'Almeyda in
private. Duke, said he, you have insulted Don Pompeyo de Castro. You are not
ignorant that he is a man of noble birth, a soldier who has served with credit, and
stands high in my favour. You owe him reparation. I am not of a temper to refuse it,
answered the Duke. If he complains of my outrageous behaviour, I am ready to justify
it by the law of arms. Some thing very different must be done, replied the King: a
Spanish gentleman understands the point of honour too well to fight on equal terms
with a cowardly assassin. I can use no milder term; and you can only atone for the
heinousness of your conduct, by presenting a cane in person to your antagonist, and
offering to submit yourself to its discipline. Oh heaven! exclaimed the Duke: what!
sir, would you have a man of my rank degrade, debase himself before a simple
gentleman, and submit to be caned! No, replied the monarch, I will oblige Don
Pompeyo to promise not to touch you. Only offer him the cane, and ask his pardon:
that is all I require from you. And that is too much, sir, interrupted the Duke
d'Almeyda warmly; I had rather remain exposed to all the secret machinations of his
resentment. Your life is dear to me, said the king; and I should wish this affair to have
no bad consequences. To terminate it with less disgust to yourself, I will be the only
witness of the satisfaction which I order you to offer to the Spaniard.
The King was obliged to stretch his influence over the Duke to the utmost,
before he could induce him to so mortifying a step. However, the peremptory
monarch effected his purpose, and then sent for me. He related the particulars of his
conversation with my enemy, and inquired if I should be content with the stipulated
reparation. I answered, yes: and gave my word that, far from striking the offender, I
would not even accept the cane, when he presented it. With this understanding, the
Duke and myself at a certain hour attended the King, who took us into his closet.
Come, said he to the Duke, acknowledge your fault, and deserve to be forgiven by the
humility of your contrition. Then my antagonist made his apology, and offered me the
cane in his hand. Don Pompeyo, said the monarch unexpectedly, take the cane, and let
not my presence prevent you from doing justice to your outraged honour. I release
you from your promise not to strike the Duke. No, sir, answered I, it is enough that he
has submitted to the indignity of the offer: an offended Spaniard asks no more. Well,
then! replied the King, since you are content with this satisfaction, you may both of
you at once assume the privilege of a gentlemanly quarrel. Measure your swords, and
discuss the question honourably. It is what I most ardently desire, exclaimed the Duke
d'Almeyda in a menacing tone; for that only is competent to make me amends for the
disgraceful step I have taken.
With these words, he went away full of rage and shame; and sent to tell me,
two hours after, that he was waiting for me, in a retired place. I kept the appointment,
and found this nobleman ready to fight lustily. He was not five and forty; deficient
neither in courage nor in skill: so that the match was fair and equal. Come on, Don
Pompeyo, said he, let us terminate our difference here. Our hostility ought to be
reciprocally mortal; yours, for my aggression, and mine, for having asked your
pardon. These words were no sooner out of his mouth, than he drew upon me so
suddenly, that I had no time to reply. He pressed very closely upon me at first, but I

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had the good fortune to put by all his thrusts. I acted on the offensive in my turn: the
encounter was evidently with a man equally skilled in defence or in attack; and. there
is no knowing what might have been the issue, if he had not made a false step in
retiring, and fallen backwards. I stood still immediately, and said to the duke, Recover
yourself. Why give me any quarter? he answered. Your forbearance only aggravates
my disgrace. I will not take advantage of an accident, replied I; it would only tarnish
my glory. Once more recover yourself, and let us fight it out.
Don Pompeyo, said he rising, after this act of generosity, honour allows me
not to renew the attack upon you. What would the world say of me, were I to wound
you mortally? I should be branded as a coward for having murdered a man, at whose
mercy I had just before lain prostrate. I cannot therefore again lift my arm against
your life, and I feel my resentful passions subsiding into the sweet emotions of
gratitude. Don Pompeyo, let us mutually lay aside our hatred. Let us go still further;
let us be friends. Ah! my lord, exclaimed I, so flattering a proposal I joyfully accept. I
proffer you my sincere friendship; and, as an earnest, promise never more to approach
Donna Hortensia, though she herself should invite me. It is my duty, said he, to yield
that lady to you. Justice requires me to give her up, since her affections are yours
already. No, no, interrupted I; you love her. Her partiality in my favour would give
you uneasiness; I sacrifice my own pleasures to your peace. Ah! too generous
Castilian, replied the Duke, embracing me, your sentiments are truly noble. With what
remorse do they strike me! Grieved and ashamed, I look back on the outrage you have
sustained. The reparation in the King's chamber seems now too trifling. A better
recompense awaits you. To obliterate all remembrance of your shame, take one of my
nieces whose hand is at my disposal. She is a rich heiress, not fifteen, with beauty
beyond the attractions of mere youth.
I made my acknowledgments to the Duke in terms such as the high honour of
his alliance might suggest, and married his niece a few days afterwards. All the court
complimented this nobleman on having made such generous amends to an insulted
rival; and my friends took part in my joy at the happy issue of an adventure which
might have led to the most melancholy consequences. From this time, gentlemen, I
have lived happily at Lisbon. I am the idol of my wife, and have not sunk the lover in
the husband. The Duke d'Almeyda gives me new proofs of friendship every day; and I
may venture to boast of standing high in the King of Portugal's good graces. The
importance of my errand hither sufficiently assures me of his confidence.

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CH. VIII. -- An accident, in consequence of which Gil Blas was obliged to look
out for another place.
SUCH was Don Pompeyo's story, which Don Alexo's servant and myself over
heard, though we were prudently sent away before he began his recital. Instead of
withdrawing, we skulked behind the door, which we had left half open, and from that
station we did not miss a word. After this, the company went on drinking; but they did
not prolong their carousals till the morning, because Don Pompeyo, who was to speak
with the prime minister, wished for a little rest beforehand. The Marquis de Zenette
and my master took a cordial leave of the stranger, and left him with his kinsman.
We went to bed for once before daybreak; and Don Matthias, when he awoke,
invested me with a new office. Gil Blas, said he, take pen, ink, and paper, and write
two or three letters as I shall dictate: you shall henceforth be my secretary. Well and
good! said I to myself, a plurality of functions. As footman, I follow my master's
heels; as valet-de-chambre, I help him to dress; and write for him as his secretary.
Heaven be praised for my apotheosis! Like the triple Hecate of the Pantheon, I am to
enact three different characters at the same time. Can you guess my intention?
continued he. Thus it is: but take care what you are about; your life may depend on it.
As I am continually meeting with fellows who boast of their success among the
women, I mean, by way of getting the upper hand, to fill my pockets with fictitious
love-letters, and read them in company. It will be amusing enough. Happier than my
competitors, who make conquests only for the pleasure of the boast, I shall take the
credit of intrigue, and spare myself the labour. But vary your writing, so that the
manufacture may not be detected by the sameness of the hand.
I then sat down to comply with the commands of Don Matthias, who first
dictated a tender epistle to this tune -- You did not keep your promise to-night. Ah!
Don Matthias, how will you exculpate yourself? My error was a cruel one! But you
punish me deservedly for my vanity, in fancying that business and amusement were
all to give way before the pleasure of seeing Donna Clara de Mendoza! After this
pretty note, he made me write another, as if from a lady who sacrificed a prince to
him; and then a third, whose fair writer offered, if she could rely on his discretion, to
embark with him for the shores of Cytherean enchantment. It was not enough to
dictate these love-sick strains; he forced me to subscribe them with the most high-
flying names in Madrid. I could not forbear hinting at some little hazard in all this, but
he begged me to keep my sage counsels till they were called for. I was obliged to hold
my tongue, and dispatch his orders out of hand. That done, he got up, and dressed
with my assistance. The letters were put into his pocket, and out he went. I followed
him to dinner with Don Juan de Moncade, who entertained five or six gentlemen of
his acquaintance that day.
There was a grand set-out, and mirth, the best relish, was not wanting to the
banquet. All the guests contributed to enliven the conversation, some by wit and
humour, others by anecdotes of which the relaters were the heroes. My master would
not lose so fine an opportunity of bringing our joint performances to bear. He read
them audibly, and with so much assurance, that probably the whole party, with the
exception of his secretary, was taken in by the device. Among the company, before
whom this trick was so impudently played off, there was one person, by name Don
Lope de Velasco. This person, a very grave don, instead of making himself merry like
the rest with the fictitious triumphs of the reader, asked him coolly if the conquest of
Donna Clara had been achieved with any great difficulty? Less than the least,
answered Don Matthias; the advances were all on her side. She saw me in public, and

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took a fancy to my person. A scout was commissioned to follow me, and thus she got
at my name and condition. She wrote to me, and gave me an appointment at an hour
of the night when the house was sure to be quiet. I was true as the needle to the pole;
her bedchamber was the place . . . . But prudence and delicacy forbid my describing
what passed there.
At this instance of tender regard for the lady's character, Signor de Velasco
betrayed some very passionate workings in his countenance. It was easy to see the
interest he took in the subject. All these letters, said he to my master, looking at him
with an eye of indignation and contempt, are infamous forgeries, and above all that
which you boast of having received from Donna Clara de Mendoza. There is not in all
Spain a more modest young creature than her. self. For these two years, a gentleman,
at least your equal in birth and personal merit, has been trying every method of
insinuating himself into her heart. Scarcely have his assiduities extorted the slightest
encouragement: but yet he may flatter himself that, if anything beyond common
civility had been granted at all, it would have been to him only. Well! Who says to the
contrary? interrupted Don Matthias in a bantering way. I agree with you, that the lady
is a very pretty behaved young lady. On my part, I am a very pretty behaved young
gentleman. Ergo, you may rest assured that nothing took place between us but what
was pretty and well behaved. Indeed! This is too much, interrupted Don Lope in his
turn; let us lay aside this unseasonable jesting. You are an impostor. Donna Clara
never gave you an appointment by night. Her reputation shall not be blackened by
your ribaldry. But prudence and delicacy forbid my describing what must pass
between you and me. With this retort on his lips, he looked contemptuously round,
and withdrew with a menacing aspect, which anticipated serious consequences to my
judgment. My master, whose courage was better than his cause, held the threats of
Don Lope in derision. A blockhead! exclaimed he, bursting into a loud fit of laughter.
Our knights-errant used to tilt for the beauty of their mistresses, this fellow would
engage in the lists for the forlorn hope of virtue in his; he is more ridiculous than his
prototypes.
Velasco's retiring, in vain opposed by Moncade, occasioned no interruption to
the merriment. The party, without thinking further about it, kept the ball up briskly,
and did not part till they had made free with the next day. We went to bed, that is, my
master and myself, about five o'clock in the morning. Sleep sat heavy on my eyelids,
and, as I thought, was taking permanent possession thereof; but I reckoned without
my host, or rather without our porter, who came and waked me in an hour, to say that
there was a lad inquiring for me at the door. Oh! thou infernal porter, muttered I
indistinctly, through the interstices of a long yawn, do you consider that I have but
now got to bed? Tell the little rascal that I am just asleep; he must come again by-
and-by. He insists, replied Cerberus, on speaking with you instantly; his business
cannot wait. As that was the case I got up, put on nothing but my breeches and
doublet, and went down- stairs, swearing and gaping. My friend, said I, be so good as
to let me know what urgent affair procures me the honour of seeing you so early? I
have a letter, answered he, to deliver personally into the hands of Signor Don
Matthias, to be read by him without loss of time; it is of the last consequence to him --
pray show me into his room. As I thought the matter looked serious, I took the liberty
of disturbing my master. Excuse me, said I, for waking you, but the pressing nature . .
. . What do you want? interrupted he, just in my style with the porter. Sir, said the lad
who was at my elbow, here is a letter from Don Lope de Velasco. Don Matthias
looked at the cover, broke it, and after reading the contents, said to the messenger of
Don Lope -- My good fellow, I never get up before noon, let the party be ever so

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agreeable; judge whether I can be expected to be stirring by six in the morning for a
small-sword recreation. You may tell your master, that if he chooses to kick his heels
at the spot till half-past twelve, we will come and see how he looks there -- carry him
that answer. With this flippant speech he plunged down snugly under the bed clothes
and fell fast asleep again as if nothing had happened.
Between eleven and twelve he got up and dressed himself with the utmost
composure, and went out, telling me that there was no occasion for my attendance:
but I was too much on the tenterhooks about the result to mind his orders. I sneaked
after him to Saint Jerome's meadow, where I saw Don Lope de Velasco waiting for
him. I took my station to watch them; and was an eye-witness to all the circumstances
of their rencounter. They saluted, and began their fierce debate without delay. The
engagement lasted long. They exchanged thrusts alternately, with equal skill and
mettle. The victory, how ever, was on the side of Don Lope: he ran my master
through, laid him helpless on the ground, and made his escape, with apparent
satisfaction at the severe reprisal. I ran up to the unfortunate Don Matthias, and found
him in a most desperate situation. The sight melted me. I could not help weeping at a
catastrophe to which I had been an involuntary contributor. Nevertheless, with all
sympathy, I had still my little wits about me. Home went I in a hurry, without saying a
word. I made up a bundle of my own goods and chattels, inadvertently slipping in
some odd articles belonging to my master: and when I had deposited this with the
barber, where my dress as a fine gentleman was still lodged, I published the news of
the fatal accident. Any gaper might have it for the trouble of listening; and above all, I
took care to make Rodriguez acquainted with it. He would have been extremely
afflicted, but that his own proceedings in this delicate case required all his attention.
He called the servants together, ordered them to follow him, and we went all together
to Saint Jerome's meadow. Don Matthias was taken up alive, but he died three hours
after he was brought home. Thus ended the life of Signor Don Matthias de Silva, only
for having taken a fancy to reading supposititious love-letters unseasonably.

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CH. IX. -- A new service, after the death of Don Matthias de Silva.
Some days after the funeral, the establishment was paid up and discharged. I
fixed my head-quarters with the little barber, in a very close connection with whom I
began to live. It seemed to promise more pleasure than with Melendez. As I was in no
want of money, it was time enough to think of another place: besides, I had got to be
rather nice on that head. I would not go into service any more, but in families above
the vulgar. In short, I was determined to inquire very strictly into the character of a
new place. The best would not be too good; such high pretensions did the late valet of
a young nobleman think himself entitled to assume above the common herd of
servants.
Waiting till fortune should throw a situation in my way, worthy to be
honoured by my acceptance, I thought I could not do better than to devote my leisure
to my charming Laura, whom I had not seen since the pleasant occurrence of our
double discovery. I could not venture on dressing as Don Caesar de Ribera; it would
have been an act of madness to have assumed that style but as a disguise. Besides that
my own suit was not much out of condition, all smaller articles had propagated
miraculously in the aforesaid bundle. I made myself up, therefore, with the barber's
aid, as a sort of middle man between Don Caesar and Gil Blas. In this demi- character,
I knocked at Arsenia's door. Laura was alone in the parlour where we had met last.
Ah! is it you? cried she, as soon as she saw me; I thought you were lost. You have had
leave to come and see me for this week: but it seems you are modest, and do not
presume too much on your license.
I made my apology on the score of my master's death, with my own
engagements consequent thereupon; and I added, in the spirit of gallantry, that in my
greatest perplexities, my lovely Laura had always been foremost in my thoughts. That
being so, said she, I have no more reproaches to make; and I will frankly own that I
have thought of you. As soon as I was acquainted with the untimely end of Don
Matthias, a plan occurred to me, probably not quite displeasing to you. I have heard
my mistress say some time ago, that she wanted a sort of man of business; a good
arithmetician, to keep an exact account of our outgoings. I fixed my affections on
your lordship; you seem exactly calculated for such an office. I feel myself, answered
I, a steward by inspiration. I have read all that Aristotle has written on finance; and as
for reducing it to the modern system of book- keeping . . . . But, my dear girl, there is
one impediment in the way. What impediment? said Laura. I have sworn, replied I,
never again to live with a commoner: I have sworn by Styx, or something else as
binding. If Jupiter could not burst the links of such an oath, judge whether a poor
servant ought not to be bound by it. What do you mean by a commoner? re joined the
impetuous abigail: for what do you take us actresses? Do you take us for the ribs of
the limbs of the law? for attorneys' wives? I would have you to know, my friend, that
actresses rank with the first nobility; being only common to the uncommon, and
therefore, though common, uncommonly illustrious.
On that footing, my uncommon commoner, said I, the post you have destined
for me is mine: I shall not lower my dignity by accepting it. No, to be sure, said she:
backwards and forwards between a puppy of fashion and a she-wolf of the stage; why,
it is exactly preserving an equilibrium of rank in the creation. We are sympathetic
animals, just on a level with the people of quality. We have our equipages in the same
style; we give our little suppers on the same scale; and on the broad ground we are
just of as much use in civil society. In fact, to draw a parallel between a marquis and a
player through the space of four and twenty hours, they are just on a par. The marquis,

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for three- fourths of the time, ranks above the player by political courtesy and
sufferance: the player, during his hour on the stage, overtops the marquis in the part of
an emperor or a king, which he better knows how to enact. Thus there seems to be a
balance between natural and political nobility, which places us at least on a level with
the live lumber of the court. Yes, truly, replied I, you are a match for one another,
there is no gainsaying it. Bless their dear hearts! the players are not men of straw, as I
foolishly believed, and you have made my mouth water to serve such a worshipful
fraternity. Well, then! resumed she, you have only to come back again in two days.
That time will be sufficient to incline my mistress in your favour; I will speak up for
you. She is a little under my influence; I do not fear bringing you under this roof.
I thanked Laura for her good dispositions. My gratitude took the readiest way
to prove itself to her comprehension; and my tender thrillings expressed more than
words. We had a pretty long conversation together, and it might have lasted till this
time, if a little skipping fellow had not come to tell my nymph of the side scenes that
Arsenia was inquiring for her. We parted. I left the house, in the sweet hope of soon
living there scot-free; and my face was shown up again at the door in two days. I was
looking out for you, said my accomplished scout, to assure you that you are a
messmate at this house. Come, follow me; I will introduce you to my mistress. At
these words, she led me into a suite of five or six rooms on a floor, in a regular
gradation of costly furniture and tasteful equipment.
What luxury! What magnificence! I thought myself in presence of a
vicequeen, or, to mend the poverty of the comparison, in a fairy palace, where all the
riches of the earth were collected. In fact, there were the productions of many people
and of many countries, so that one might describe this residence as the temple of a
goddess, whither every traveller brought some rare product of his native land, as a
votive offering. The divinity was reclining on a voluptuous satin sofa: she was lovely
in my eyes, and pampered with the fumes of daily sacrifices. She was in a tempting
dishabille, and her polished hands were elegantly busy about a new head-dress for her
appearance that evening. Madam, said the abigail, here is that said steward; take my
word for it, you will never get one more to your liking. Arsenia looked at me very
inquisitively, and did not find me disagreeable. Why, this is something, Laura, cried
she; a very smart youth truly: I foresee that we shall do very well together. Then
directing her discourse to me, Young man, added she, you suit me to a hair, and I have
only one observation to make: you will be pleased with me, if I am so with you. I
answered that I should do my utmost to serve her to her heart's content. As I found
that the bargain was struck, I went immediately to fetch in my own little
accommodations, and returned to take formal possession.

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CH. X. -- Much such another as the foregoing.

IT was near the time of the doors opening. My mistress told me to attend her
to the theatre with Laura. We went into her dressing- room, where she threw off her
ordinary attire, and assumed a more splendid costume for the stage. When the
performance began, Laura shewed me the way, and seated herself by my side where I
could see and hear the actors to advantage. They disgusted me for the most part,
doubtless because Don Pompeyo had prejudiced me against them. Several of them
were loudly applauded, but the fable of the pig would now and then come across my
mind.
Laura told me the names of the actors and actresses as they made their
entrances. Nor did she stop there, for the hussy gave some highly seasoned anecdotes
into the bargain. Her characters were, crack-brain for this, impertinent fellow for that.
That delicate sample of sin, who depends on her wantonness for her attractions, goes
by the name of Rosarda: a bad speculation for the company! She ought to be sent with
the next cargo to New Spain, she may answer the purpose of the viceroy. Take
particular notice of that brilliant star now coming forward; that magnificent setting
sun, increasing in bulk as its fires become less vivid. That is Casilda. If from that
distant day when she first laid herself open to her lovers, she had required from each
of them a brick to build a pyramid, like an ancient Egyptian princess, the edifice by
this time would have mounted to the third heaven. In short, Laura tore all character to
pieces by her scandal. Heaven forgive her wicked tongue! She blasphemed her own
mistress.
And yet I must own my weakness. I was in love with the wench, though her
morals were not strictly pure. She scandalized with so winning a malignity that one
liked her the better for it. Off went the jill-flirt between the acts, to see if Arsenia
wanted her; but instead of coming straight back to her place, she amused herself
behind the scenes, in laying herself out for the little flatteries of all the wheedling
fellows. I dogged her once, and found that she had a very large acquaintance. No less
than three players did I reckon up, who stopped to chat with her one after the other,
and they seemed to be on a very improvable footing. This was not quite so well; and
for the first time in my life I felt what jealousy was. I returned to my seat so absent
and out of spirits, that Laura remarked it as soon as she came back to me. What is the
matter, Gil Blas, said she with astonishment; what blue devil has perched upon your
shoulder in my absence? You look gloomy and out of temper. My fairy queen,
answered I, it is not without reason, you have an ugly kick in your gallop. I have
observed you with the players . . . . So, so! An admirable subject for a long face,
interrupted she with a laugh. What! That is your trouble, is it? Why really! You are a
very silly swain; but you will get better notions among us. You will fall by degrees
into our easy manners. No jealousy, my dear creature, you will be completely laughed
out of it in the theatrical world. The passion is scarcely known there. Fathers,
husbands, brothers, uncles, and cousins, are all upon a liberal plan of community, and
often make a strange jumble of relationships.
After having warned me to take no umbrage, but to look at everything like a
philosophical spectator, she vowed that I was the happy mortal who had found the
way to her heart. She then declared that she should love me always, and only me. On
this assurance, which a man might have doubted without criminal scepticism, I
promised her not to be alarmed any more, and kept my word. I saw her, on that very
evening, whisper and giggle with more men than one. At the end of the play we
returned home with our mistress, whither Florimonde came soon after to supper, with

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three old noblemen and a player. Besides Laura and myself, the establishment
consisted of a cook-maid, a coachman, and a little footboy. We all laboured in our
respective vocations. The lady of the frying-pan, no less an adept than Dame Jacintha,
was assisted in her cookery by the coachman. The waiting-woman and the little
footboy laid the cloth, and I set out the sideboard, magnificently furnished with plate,
offered up at the shrine of our green-room goddess. There was every variety of wines,
and I played the cup-bearer, to show my mistress the versatility of my talents. I
sweated at the impudence of the actresses during supper; they gave themselves quality
airs, and affected the tone of high life. Far from giving their guests all their style and
titles, they did not even vouchsafe a simple "Your lordship," but called them
familiarly by their proper names. To be sure, the old fools encouraged their vanity by
forgetting their own distance. The player, for his part, in the habits of the heroic cast,
lived on equal terms with them; he challenged them to drink, and in every respect
took the upper hand. In good truth, said I to myself, while Laura was demonstrating
the equality of the Marquis and the comedian during the day, she might have drawn a
still stronger inference for the night, since they pass it so merrily in drinking together.
Arsenia and Florimonde were naturally frolicsome. A thousand broad hints
escaped them, intermingled with small favours, and then a coquettish revolt at their
own freedom, which were all seasoned exactly to the taste of these old sinners. While
my mistress was entertaining one of them with a little harmless toying, her friend,
between the other elders, had not taken the cue of Susanna. While I was
contemplating this picture, which had but too many attractions for a knowing youth
like me, the dessert was brought in. Then I set the bottles and glasses on the table, and
made my escape to sup with Laura, who was waiting for me. How now! Gil Blas, said
she, what do you think of those noblemen above-stairs? Doubtless, answered I, they
are deeply smitten with Arsenia and Florimonde. No, replied she, they are old
sensualists, who hang about our sex without any particular attachment. All they ask is
some little frivolous compliance, and they are generous enough to pay well for the
least trifle of amorous endearment. Heaven be praised, Florimonde and my mistress
are at present without any serious engagements; I mean that they have no husband-
like lovers, who expect to engross all the pleasures of a house, because they stand to
the expenses. For my part, I am very glad of it: and maintain that a sensible woman of
the world ought to refuse all such monopolies. Why take a master? It is better to
support an establishment by retail trade, than to confine one's self to chamber practice
on such terms.
When Laura's tongue was wound up, and it was seldom down, words seemed
to cost her nothing. What a glorious volubility! She told a thousand stories of the
actresses belonging to the prince's company; and I gathered from her whole drift that I
could not be better situated to take a scientific view of the cardinal vices.
Unfortunately I was at an age when they inspire but little horror; and this abigail had
the art of colouring her corruptions so lusciously as to hide their deformities and
heighten their meretricious lure. She had not time to open the tenth part of her
theatrical budget, for she did not talk more than three hours. The senators and the
player went away with Florimonde, whom they saw safe home.
When they were gone, my mistress said to me -- Here, Gil Blas, are ten
pistoles to go to market to-morrow. Five or six of our gentlemen and ladies are to dine
here, take care that we are well served. Madam, answered I, with this sum there shall
be a banquet for the whole troop. My friend, replied Arsenia, correct your
phraseology; you must say company, not troop. A troop of robbers, a troop of
beggars, a troop of authors; but a company of comedians, especially when you have to

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mention the actors of Madrid. I begged my mistress's pardon for having used so
disrespectful a term, and entreated her to excuse my ignorance. I protested that
henceforward, when I spoke collectively of so august a body, I would always say the
company.

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CH. XI. -- A theatrical life and an author's life

I TOOK the field the next morning, to open my campaign as steward. It was a
fish day; for which reason I bought some good fat chickens, rabbits, partridges, and
every variety of game. As the gentlemen of the sock and buskin are not on the best
possible terms with the church, they are not over-scrupulous in their observance of the
rubric. I brought home provisions more than enough for a dozen portly gentlemen to
have fasted on during a whole Lent. The cook had a good morning's work. While she
was getting dinner ready, Arsenia got up and spent the early part of the day at her
toilet. At noon came two of the players, Signor Rosimiro and Signor Ricardo.
Afterwards two actresses, Constance and Celinaura; then entered Florimonde,
attended by a man who had all the appearance of a most spruce cavalier. He had his
hair dressed in the most elegant manner, his hat set off with a fashionable plume, very
tight breeches, and a shirt with a laced frill. His gloves and his handkerchief were in
the hilt of his sword, and he wore his cloak with a grace altogether peculiar to himself.
With a prepossessing physiognomy and a good person, there was something
extraordinary in the first blush of him. This gentleman, said I to myself, must be an
original. I was not mistaken; his singularities were striking. On his entrance, he ran
with open arms and embraced the company, male and female, one after another. His
grimaces were more extravagant than any I had yet seen in this region of foppery. My
prediction was not falsified by his discourse. He dwelt with fondness on every
syllable he uttered, and pronounced his words in an emphatic tone, with gestures and
glances artfully adapted to the subject. I had the curiosity to ask Laura who this
strange figure might be. I forgive you, said she, this instance of an inquisitive
disposition. It is impossible to see and to hear Signor Carlos Alonso de la Ventoleria
for the first time, without having such a natural longing. I will paint him to the life. In
the first place, he was originally a player. He left the stage through caprice, and has
since repented in sober sadness of the step. Did you notice his dark hair? Every thread
of it is pencilled, as well as his eyebrows and his whiskers. He was born in the reign
of Saturn's father, in the age before the golden; but as there were no parish registers at
that time, he avails himself of the primitive barbarism, and dates at least twenty
centuries below the true epoch. Moreover, his self-sufficiency keeps pace with his
antiquity. He passed the olympiads of his youth in the grossest ignorance; but taking a
fancy to become learned about the Christian era, he engaged a private tutor, who
taught him to spell in Greek and Latin. Nay, more, he knows by heart an infinite
number of good stories, which he has given so often as genuine, that he actually
begins to believe them himself. They are eternally pressed into the service, and it may
truly be said that his wit shines at the expense of his memory. He is thought to be a
great actor. I am willing to believe it implicitly, but I must own he is not to my taste.
He declaims here sometimes; and I have observed, among other defects, an affectation
in his delivery, with a tremulousness of voice bordering on the antiquated and
ridiculous.
Such was the portrait drawn by my abigail of this honorary spouter; and never
was mortal of a more stately carriage. He prided himself too on being an agreeable
companion. He never was at a loss for a commodity of trite remarks, which he
delivered with an air of authority. On the other hand, the Thespian fraternity were not
much addicted to silence. They began canvassing their absent colleagues in a manner
little consistent with charity, it must be owned; but this is a failing pardonable in
players as well as in authors. The fire grew brisk and the satire personal. You have not
heard, ladies, said Rosimiro, a new stroke of our dear brother Cesarino. This very

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morning he bought silk stockings, ribbons, and laces, and sent them to rehearsal by a
little page, as a present from a countess. What a knavish trick! said Signor de la
Ventoleria, with a smile made up of fatuity and conceit. In my time there was more
honesty, we never thought of descending to such impositions. To be sure, women of
fashion were tender of our inventive faculties, nor did they leave such purchases to be
made out of our own pockets; it was their whim. By the honour of our house, said
Ricardo, in the same strain, that whim of theirs is lasting, and if it were allowable to
kiss and tell . . . . But one must be secret on these occasions, above all when persons
of a certain rank are concerned.
Gentlemen, interrupted Florimonde, a truce, if you please, with your conquests
and successes, they are known over the whole earth. Apropos of Ismene. It is said that
the nobleman who has fooled away so much money upon her, has at length recovered
his senses. Yes, indeed, exclaimed Constance; and I can tell you besides that she has
lost, by the same stroke, a snug little hero of the counting-house, whose ruin would
otherwise have been signed and sealed. I have the thing from the first hand. Her
Mercury made an unfortunate mistake, for he carried a tender invitation to each, and
delivered them wrong. These were great losses, my darling, quoth Florimonde. Oh! as
for that of the lord, replied Constance, it is a very trifling matter. The man of blood
had almost run through his estate, but the little fellow with the pen behind his ear was
but just coming into play. He had never been fleeced before, it is a pity he should have
escaped so easily.
Such was the tenor of the conversation before dinner, and it was not much
mended in its morality at table. As I should never have done with the recital of all
their ribaldry and nonsense, the reader will excuse the omission, and pass on to the
entrance of a poor devil, yclept an author, who called just before the cloth was taken
away.
Our little footboy came and said to my mistress in an audible voice -- Madam,
a man in a dirty shirt, splashed up to his middle, with very much the look of a poet,
saving your presence, wants to speak to you. Let him walk up, answered Arsenia.
Keep your seats, gentlemen, it is only an author. To be sure so it was, one whose
tragedy had been accepted, and he was bringing my mistress her part. His name was
Pedro de Moya. On coming into the room he made five or six low bows to the
company, who neither rose nor took the least notice of him. Arsenia just returned his
superabundant civilities with a slight inclination of the head. He came forward with
tremor and embarrassment. He dropped his gloves and let his hat fall. He ventured to
pick them up again, then advanced towards my mistress, and presenting to her a paper
with more ceremony than a defendant an affidavit to the judge of the court -- Madam,
said he, have the goodness to receive under your protection the part I take the liberty
of offering you. She stretched out her hand for it with cold and contemptuous
indifference; nor did she condescend even to notice the compliment by a look.
But our author was not disheartened. Seizing this opportunity to distribute the
cast, he gave one character to Rosimiro and another to Florimonde, who treated him
just as genteelly as Arsenia had done. On the contrary, the low comedian, a very
pleasant fellow, as those gentlemen for the most part affect to be, insulted him with
the most cutting sarcasms. Pedro de Moya was not made of stone. Yet he dared not
take up the aggressor, lest his piece should suffer for it. He withdrew without saying a
word, but stung to the quick, as it seemed to me, by his reception. He could not fail, in
the transports of his anger, mentally to apostrophize the players as they deserved: and
the players, when he was gone, began to talk of authors in return with infinite

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deference and kindness. It should seem, said Florimonde, as if Signor de Moya did not
go away very well pleased.
Well! madam, cried Rosimiro, and why should you trouble yourself about
that? Are we to study the feelings of authors? If we were to admit them upon equal
terms, it would only be the way to spoil them. I know that contemptible squad; I know
them of old: they would soon forget their distance. There is no dealing with them but
as slaves; and as for tiring their patience, never fear that. Though they may take
themselves off in a pet sometimes, the itch of writing brings them back again; and
they are raised to the third heaven, if we will but condescend to support their pieces.
You are right, said Arsenia; we never lose an author till we have made his fortune.
When that is done, as soon as we have provided for the ungrateful devils, they get to
be in good case, and then they run restive. Luckily the manager does not break his
heart after them, and one is just as good as another to the public.
These liberal and sagacious remarks met with their full share of approbation. It
was carried unanimously that authors, though treated rather too scurvily be hind the
scenes, were on the whole the obliged persons. These fretters of an hour upon the
stage ranked the inhabitant of Parnassus below themselves; and malice could not
degrade him lower.

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 GIL BLAS

CH. XII. -- Gil Blas acquires a relish for the theatre, and takes a full swing of its
pleasures, but soon becomes disgusted.
THE party sat at table till it was time to go to the theatre. I went after them,
and saw the play again that evening. I took such delight in it, that I was for attending
every day. I never missed, and by degrees got accustomed to the actors. Such is the
force of habit. I was particularly delighted with those who were most artificial and
unnatural; nor was I singular in my taste.
The beauties of composition affected me much on the same principle as the
excellence of representation. There were some pieces with which I was enraptured. I
liked, among others, those which brought all the cardinals or the twelve peers of
France upon the stage. I got hold of striking passages in these incomparable
performances. I recollect that in two days I learnt by heart a whole play, called, The
Queen of Flowers. The Rose, who was the queen, had the Violet for her maid of
honour, and the Jessamin for her prime minister. I could conceive nothing more
elegant or refined: such productions seemed to be the triumph of our Spanish wit and
invention.
I was not content to store my memory and discipline my mind with the
choicest selections from these dramatic masterpieces: but I was bent on polishing my
taste to the highest perfection. To secure this grand object, I listened with greedy ears
to every word which fell from the lips of the players. If they commended a piece, I
was ravished by it: but suppose they pronounced it bad? why, then I maintained that it
was infernal stuff. I conceived that they must determine the merits of a play, as a
jeweller the water of a diamond. And yet the tragedy by Pedro de Moya was
eminently successful, though they had predicted its entire miscarriage. This, however,
was no disparagement of their critical skill in my estimation; and I had rather believe
the audience to be divested of common sense, than doubt the infallibility of the
company. But they assured me, on all hands, that their judgments were usually
confirmed by the rule of contraries. It seemed to be a maxim with them, to set their
faces point blank against the taste of the public; and as a proof of this, there were a
thousand cases in point of unexpected successes and failures. All these testimonies
were scarcely sufficient to undeceive me.
I shall never forget what happened one day at the first representation of a new
comedy. The performers had pronounced it uninteresting and tedious; they had even
prophesied that it would not be heard to the end. Under this impression, they got
through the first act, which was loudly applauded. This was very astonishing! They
played the second act; the audience liked it still better than the first. The actors were
confounded. What the devil, said Rosimiro, this comedy succeeds! At last they went
on in the third act, which rose as a third act ought to rise. I am quite thrown upon my
back, said Ricardo; we thought this piece would not be relished; and all the world are
mad after it. Gentlemen, said one of the players archly, it is because we happened
accidentally to overlook all the wit.
From this time I held my opinion no longer of the players as competent judges,
and began to appreciate their merit more truly than they had estimated that of the
authors. All the lampoons which were current about them were fully justified. The
actors and actresses ran riot on the applauses of the town, and stood so high in their
own conceit, as to think that they conferred a favour by appearing on the boards. I was
shocked at their public misconduct; but unfortunately reconciled myself too easily to
their private manners, and plunged into debauchery. How could I do otherwise? Every
word they uttered was poison in the ears of youth, and every scene that was presented,

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an alluring picture of corruption. Had I been a stranger to what passed with Casilda,
with Constance, and with the other actresses, Arsenia's house alone would have been
sufficient for my ruin. Besides the old noblemen of whom I have spoken, there came
thither young debauchees of fashion, who forestalled their inheritances by the
disinterested mediation of money-lenders: and sometimes we had officers under
government, who were so far from receiving fees, as at their public boards, that they
paid most exorbitant ones for the privilege of mixing with such worshipful society.
Florimonde, who lived at next door, dined and supped with Arsenia every day.
Their long intimacy surprised every one. Coquets were not thought usually to
maintain so good an understanding with each other. It was concluded that they would
quarrel, sooner or late; about some paramour; but such reasoners could not see into
the hearts of these exemplary friends. They were united in the bonds of indissoluble
love. Instead of harbouring jealousy, like other women, they had everything in
common. They had rather divide the plunder of mankind, than childishly fall out, and
contend for trumpery, as hearts and affections.
Laura, after the example of these two illustrious partners, turned the fresh
season of youth to the best advantage. She had told me that I should see strange
doings. And yet I did not take up the jealous part. I had promised to adopt the
principles of the company on that score. For some days I kept my thoughts to myself.
I only just took the liberty of asking her the names of the men whom she favoured
with her private ear. She always told me that they were uncles or cousins. From what
a prolific family was she sprung! King Priam had no luck in propagation, compared
with her ancestors. Nor did this precious abigail confine herself to her uncles and
cousins: she went now and then to lay a trap for unwary aliens, and personate the
widow of quality under the auspices of the discreet old dowager above mentioned. In
short Laura, to hit off her character exactly, was just as young, just as pretty, and just
as loose as her mistress, who had no other advantage over her than that of figuring in
a more public capacity.
I was borne down by the torrent for three weeks, and ran the career of
dissipation in my turn. But I must at the same time say for myself, that in the midst of
pleasure I frequently felt the still small voice of conscience, arising from the
impression of a serious education, which mixed gall in the Circean cup. Riot could not
altogether get the better of remorse: on the contrary, the pangs of the last grew keener
with the more shameful indulgence of the first; and, by a happy effect of my
temperament, the disorders of a theatrical life began to make me shudder. Ah! wretch,
said I to myself, is it thus that you make good the hopes of your family? Is it not
enough to have thwarted their pious intentions, by not following your destined course
of life as an instructor of youth? Need your condition of a servant hinder you from
living decently and soberly? Are such monsters of iniquity fit companions for you?
Envy, hatred, and avarice are predominant here; intemperance and idleness have
purchased the fee-simple there: the pride of some is aggravated into the most
barefaced impudence, and modesty is turned out of doors, by the common consent of
all. The business is settled: I will not live any longer with the seven deadly sins.

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BOOK THE FOURTH.

CH. I. -- Gil Blas not being able to reconcile himself to the morals of the
actresses, quits Arsenia, and gets into a more reputable service.
A SURVIVING spark of honour and of religion, in the midst of so general
depravity, made me resolve not only to leave Arsenia, but even to abjure all
commerce with Laura, whom yet I could not cease to love, though I was well aware of
her daily inconstancy. Happy the man who can thus profit by those appeals, which
occasionally interrupt the headlong course of his pleasures! One fine morning, I made
up my bundle; and, without reckoning with Arsenia, who indeed owed me next to
nothing, without taking leave of my dear Laura, I burst from that mansion, which
smelt of brimstone and fire reserved for the wicked. I had no sooner taken so virtuous
a step, than providence interfered in my behalf. I met the steward of my late master,
Don Matthias, and greeted him: he knew me again at once, and stopped to inquire
where I lived. I answered that I had just left my place; that after staying near a month
with Arsenia, whose manners did not at all suit me, I was come away by a sudden
impulse of virtue, to save my innocence. The steward, just as if he had been himself of
a religious cast, commended my scruples, and offered me a place much to my
advantage, since I was so chaste and honest a youth. He kept his word, and introduced
me on that very day into the family of Don Vincent de Gusman, with whose agent he
was acquainted.
I could not have got into a better service; nor did I repent in the sequel of
having accepted the situation. Don Vincent was a very rich old nobleman, who had
lived many years unincumbered with lawsuits or with a wife. The physicians had
removed the last plague out of the way, in their attempts to rid her of a cough, which
might have lasted a great while longer, if the remedies had not been more fatal than
the disease. Far from thinking of the holy state a second time, he gave himself up
entirely to the education of his only daughter Aurora, who was then entering her
twenty-sixth year, and might pass for an accomplished person. With beauty above the
common, she had an excellent and highly cultivated understanding. Her father was a
poor creature as to intellect; but he possessed the happy talent of looking well after his
affairs. One fault he had, of a kind excusable in old men: he was an incessant talker,
especially about war and fighting. If that string was unfortunately touched in his
presence, in a moment he blew his heroic trumpet, and his hearers might think
themselves lucky if they compounded for a gazette extraordinary of two sieges and
three battles. As he had spent two-thirds of his life in the service, his memory was an
inexhaustible depot of various facts; but the patience of the listeners did not always
keep pace with the perseverance of the relater. The stories, sufficiently prolix in
themselves, were still further spun out by stuttering; so that the manner was still less
happy than the matter. In all other respects, I never met with a nobleman of a more
amiable character: his temper was even; he was neither obstinate nor capricious; the
general alternative of men in the higher ranks of life. Though a good economist, he
lived like a gentleman. His establishment was composed of several men servants, and
three women in waiting on Aurora. I soon discovered that the steward of Don
Matthias had procured me a good post, and my only anxiety was to establish myself
firmly in it. I took all possible pains to feel the ground under my feet, and to study the
characters of the whole household: then regulating my conduct by my discoveries, I
was not long in ingratiating myself with my master and all the servants.

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I had been with Don Vincent above a month, when it struck me that his
daughter was very particular in her notice of me above all the servants in the family.
Whenever her eyes happened accidentally to meet mine, they seemed to be suffused
with a certain partial complacency, which did not enter into her silent communications
with the vulgar. Had it not been for my haunts among the coxcombs of the theatrical
tribe and their hangers-on, it would never have entered into my head that Aurora
should throw away a thought on me: but my brain had been a little turned among
those gentry, from whose libertine suspicions ladies of the noblest birth are not always
held sacred. If, said I, those chronicles of the age are to be believed, fancy and high
blood lead women of quality a dance, in which they sometimes join hands with
unequal partners: how do I know but my young mistress may caper to a tune of my
piping? But no: it cannot be so, neither. This is not one of your Messalinas, who,
derogating from the loftiness of ancestry, unworthily let down their regards to the
dust, and sully their pure honour without a blush: but rather one of those virtuously
apprehensive, yet tender-hearted girls, who encircle their softness within the in
surmountable pale of delicacy; yet think it no tampering with chastity, to inspire and
cherish a sentimental flame, interesting to the heart without being dangerous to the
morals.
Such were my ideas of my mistress, without knowing exactly whether they
were right or wrong. And yet when we met, she was continually caught with a smile
of satisfaction on her countenance. Without passing for a fop, a man might give in to
such flattering appearances; and a philosophical apathy was not to be expected from
me. I conceived Aurora to have been deeply smitten with my irresistible attractions;
and looked on myself henceforth in the light of a favoured attendant, whose servitude
was to be sweetened by the balmy infusion of love. To appear in some measure less
unworthy of the blessings, which propitious fortune had kept in store for me, I began
to take better care of my person than I had done heretofore. I laid out my slender stock
of money in linen, pomatums, and essences. The first thing in the morning was to
prank up and perfume myself, so as not to be in an undress in case of being sent for
into the presence of my mistress. With these attentions to personal elegance and other
dexterous strokes in the art of pleasing, I flattered myself that the moment of my bliss
was not very distant.
Among Aurora's women there was one who went by the name of Ortiz. This
was an old dowager, who had been a fixture in Don Vincent's family for more than
twenty years. She had been about his daughter from her childhood, and still held the
office of duenna; but she no longer performed the invidious part of the duty. On the
contrary, instead of blazoning, as formerly, Aurora's little indiscretions, her skill was
now employed in throwing them into shade. One evening, Dame Ortiz, having
watched her opportunity of speaking to me with. out observation, said in a low voice,
that if I was close and trustworthy, I had only to be in the garden at midnight, when a
scene would be laid open in which I should not be sorry to be an actor. I answered the
duenna, pressing her hand significantly, that I would not fail, and we parted in a hurry
for fear of a surprise. How the hours lagged from this moment till supper-time, though
we supped very early! Then again, from supper to my master's bed-time! It should
seem as if the march of the whole family was timed to a largo movement. By way of
helping forward the fidgets, when Don Vincent withdrew to his chamber, the army
was put on the war establishment, and we were obliged to fight the campaigns in
Portugal over again, though my ears had not recovered from the din of the last
cannonade. But a favour, from which I had hitherto made my escape, was reserved for
this eventful evening. He repeated the army list from beginning to end, with copious

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digressions on the exploits of those officers who had distinguished themselves in his
time. Oh my poor tympanum! It was almost cracked before we got to the end. Time,
however, will wear out even an old man's story, and he went to bed. I immediately
went to my own little chamber, whence there was a way into the garden by a private
staircase. I depended on my purchase of perfumery for overcoming the effluvia of the
day's drudgery, and put on a clean shirt highly scented. When every invention had
been pressed into the service to render my person worthy of its destiny, and cherish
the fondness of my mistress, I went to the appointment.
Ortiz was not there. I concluded that, tired of waiting for me, she had gone
back to her chamber, and that the happy moment of philandering was over. I laid all
the blame on Don Vincent; but just as I was singing Te Deum backwards for his
campaigns, I heard the clock strike ten. To be sure it must be wrong! It could not be
less than one o'clock. Yet I was so egregiously out in my reckoning, that full a quarter
of an hour afterwards, I counted ten upon my fingers by the clock at next door. Vastly
well, thought I to myself; I have only two complete hours to ventilate my passion here
alfresco. At least they shall not complain of me for want of punctuality. What shall I
do with myself till twelve? Suppose we take a turn about this garden and settle our
cues in the delicious drama just going to be brought on the stage; it is my first
appearance in so principal a character. I am not yet sufficiently well read in the
crotchets of your quality dames. I know how to tickle a girl in a stuff gown, or an
actress: You swagger up to them with an easy, impudent assurance, and pop the
question without making any bones of it. But one must take a female of condition on a
very different tack. It seems to me, that in this case the happy swain must be well
bred, attentive, tender, respectful, without degenerating into bashfulness. Instead of
taking his happiness by storm, he must plant his amorous desires in ambuscade, and
wait till the garrison is asleep, and the outworks defenceless.
Thus it was that I argued, and such were the preconcerted plans of my
campaign with Aurora. After a few tedious minutes, according to my calculation, I
was to experience the ecstasy of finding myself at the feet of that lovely creature, and
pouring forth a torrent of impassioned nonsense. I scraped together in my memory all
the clap-traps in our stock-plays, which were most successful with the audience, and
might best set off my pretensions to spirit and gallantry. I trusted to my own
adroitness for the application, and hoped, after the example of some players in the list
of my acquaintance, bringing only a stock of memory into the trade, to deal upon
credit for my wit. While my imagination was engrossed by these thoughts, which kept
my impatience at bay much more successfully than the commentaries of my modern
Caesar, I heard the clock strike .eleven. This was some encouragement, and I fell back
to my meditations, sometimes sauntering carelessly about, and sometimes throwing
myself at my length on the turf, in a bower at the bottom of the garden. At length it
struck twelve, the long-expected hour, big with my high destiny. Some seconds after,
Ortiz, as punctual as myself though less impatient, made her appearance. Signor Gil
Blas, said she, accosting me, how long have you been here? Two hours, answered I.
Indeed! Truly, replied she, laughing, you are very exact; there is a pleasure in making
nocturnal assignations with you. Yet you may assure yourself; continued she more
gravely, that you cannot pay too dear for such good fortune as that of which I am the
messenger. My mistress wants to have some private talk with you. I shall not
anticipate what may be the subject, that is a secret which you must learn from no lips
but her own. Follow me; I will show you into her chamber. With these words the
duenna took me by the hand, and led me mysteriously into her lady's apartment
through a little door, of which she had the key.

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CH. II. -- Aurora's reception of Gil Blas. Their conversation.

I FOUND Aurora in an undress. I saluted her in the most respectful manner,
and threw as much elegance into my attitude as I had to throw. She received me with
the most winning affability, made me sit down by her against all my remonstrances,
and told her ambassadress to go into another room. After this opening, which seemed
highly encouraging to my cause, she entered upon the business. Gil Blas, said she,
you must have perceived how favourably I have regarded and distinguished you from
all the rest of my father's servants; and though my looks had not betrayed my partial
dispositions towards you, my proceeding of this night would leave you no room to
doubt them.
I did not give her time to say a word more. It struck me, that as a man of
feeling, I ought to spare her trembling diffidence the cruel necessity of explaining her
sentiments in more direct terms. I rose from my chair in a transport, and, throwing
myself at Aurora's feet, like a tragedy hero of the Grecian stage when he supplicates
the heroine "by her knees," exclaimed in a declamatory tone -- Ah! Madam, could it
be possible that Gil Blas, hitherto the whirligig of fortune and football of embattled
nature, should have called down upon his head the exquisite felicity of inspiring
sentiments Do not speak so loud, interrupted my mistress with a laugh of mingled
apprehension and ridicule, you will wake my women who sleep in the adjoining
chamber. Get up, take your seat, and hear me out without putting in a word. Yes, Gil
Blas, pursued she, resuming her gravity, you have my best wishes; and to shew you
how deep you are in my good graces, I will confide to you a secret on which depends
the repose of my life. I am in love with a young gentleman, possessing every charm of
person and face, and noble by birth. His name is Don Lewis Pacheco. I have seen him
occasionally in the public walks and at the theatre, but I have never conversed with
him. I do not even know what his private character may be, or what bad qualities he
may have. It is on this subject that I wish to be informed. I stand in need of a person to
inquire diligently into his morals, and give me a true and particular account. I make
choice of you. Surely I run no risk in entrusting you with this commission. I hope that
you will acquit yourself with dexterity and prudence, and that I shall never repent of
giving you my confidence.
My mistress concluded thus, and waited for my answer to her proposal. I had
been disconcerted in the first instance at so disagreeable a mistake; but I soon
recovered my scattered senses, and surmounting the confusion which rashness always
occasions when it is unlucky, I exposed to sale such a cargo of zeal. For the lady's
interests, I devoted myself with so martyr-like an enthusiasm to her service, that if she
did not absolutely forget my silly vanity in the thought of having pleased her, at least
she had reason to believe that I knew how to make amends for a piece of folly. I asked
only two days to bring her a satisfactory account of Don Lewis. After which Dame
Ortiz, answering the bell, shewed me the way back into the garden, and said, on
taking leave, Good-night, Gil Blas. I need not caution you to be in time at the next
appointment. I have sufficient experience of your punctuality on these occasions.
I returned to my chamber, not without some little mortification at finding my
voluptuous anticipations all divested of even their ideal sweetness. I was nevertheless
sufficiently in my senses to reflect soberly that it was more in my element to be the
trusty scout of my mistress than her lover. I even thought that this adventure might
lead to something further; that the middle men in the trade of love usually pocket a
tolerable percentage; and went to bed with the resolution of doing whatever Aurora
required of me. For this purpose I went abroad the next morning. The residence of so

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distinguished a personage as Don Lewis was not difficult to find out. I made my
enquiries about him in the neighbourhood, but the people who came in my way could
not satisfy my curiosity to the full, so that it was necessary to resume my search
diligently on the following day. I was in better luck. I met a lad of my acquaintance by
chance in the street, we stopped for a little gossip. There passed by in the very nick
one of his friends, who came up and told him that he was just turned away from the
family of Don Joseph Pacheco, Don Lewis's father, about a paltry remnant of wine,
which he had been accused of drinking. I would not lose so fair an occasion of
learning all I wanted to know, and plied my questions so successfully as to go home
with much self-complacency, at my punctual performance of my engagements with
my mistress. It was on the coming night that I was to see her again at the same hour
and in the same manner as the first time. I was not in such a confounded hurry this
evening. Far from writhing with impatience under the prolixity of my old commander,
I led him on to the charge. I waited for midnight with the greatest indifference in the
world, and it was not till all the clocks within ear-shot had struck that I crept down
into the garden, without any nonsense of pomatum and perfumery. That foppery was
completely cured.
At the place of meeting I found the very faithful duenna, who sneeringly
reproached me with a defalcation in my zeal. I made her no answer, but suffered
myself to be conducted into Aurora's chamber. She asked me, as soon as I made my
appearance, whether I had gained any intelligence of Don Lewis. Yes, madam, said I,
and you shall have the sum total in two words. I must first tell you, that he will soon
set out for Salamanca, to finish his studies. The young gentleman is brim full of
honour and probity. As for valour, he cannot be deficient there, since he is a man of
birth and a Castilian. Besides this, he has an infinite deal of wit, and is very agreeable
in his manners; but there is one thing which can scarcely be to your liking. He is
pretty much in the fashion of our young nobility here at court -- exemplarily catholic
in his devotions to the fair. Have you not heard that at his age he has already been
tenant at will to two actresses? What is it you tell me? replied Aurora. What shocking
conduct! But do you know for certain, Gil Blas, that he leads so dissolute a life? Oh!
there is no doubt of it, madam, rejoined I. A servant, turned off this morning, told me
so, and servants are very plain dealers when the failings of their masters are the topic.
Besides, he keeps company with Don Alexo Segiar, Don Antonio Centellés, and Don
Fernando de Gamboa; that single circumstance proves his libertinism with all the
force of demonstration. It is enough, Gil Blas, said my mistress with a sigh; on your
report I am determined to struggle with my unworthy passion. Though it has already
struck deep root in my heart, I do not despair of tearing it forcibly from its bed. Go,
added she, putting into my hands a small purse, none of the lightest, take this for your
pains. Beware of betraying my secret. Consider it as entrusted to your silence.
I assured my mistress that she might be perfectly easy on that score, for I was
the Harpocrates of confidential servants. After this compliment to myself, I withdrew
with no small eagerness to investigate the contents of the purse. There were twenty
pistoles. It struck me all at once that Aurora would surely have given me more had I
been the bearer of pleasant tidings, since she paid so handsomely for a blank in the
lottery. I was sorry not to have adopted the policy of the pleaders in the courts, who
sometimes paint the cheek of truth when her natural complexion is inclined to be
cadaverous. It was a pity to have stifled an amour in the birth which might in its
growth have been so profitable. Yet I had the comfort of finding myself reimbursed
the expense so unseasonably incurred in perfumery and washes.

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CH. III. -- A great change at Don Vincent's. Aurora's strange resolution.

IT happened soon after this adventure that Signor Don Vincent fell sick.
Independent of his very advanced age, the symptoms of his disorder appeared in so
formidable a shape that a fatal termination was but too probable. From the beginning
of his illness he was attended by two of the most eminent physicians in Madrid. One
was Doctor Andros, and the other Doctor Oquetos. They considered the case with due
solemnity; and both agreed, after a strict investigation, that the humours were in a
state of mutiny, but this was the only thing about which they did agree. The proper
practice, said Andros, is to purge the humours, though raw, with all possible
expedition, while they are in a violent agitation of flux and reflux, for fear of their
fixing upon some noble part. Oquetos maintained, on the contrary, that we must wait
till the humours were ripened before it would be safe to go upon purgatives. But your
method, replied the first speaker, is directly in the teeth of the rules laid down by the
prince of medicine. Hippocrates recommends purging in the most burning fever from
the very first attack, and says in plain terms that no time is to be lost in purging when
the humours are in ???asµ?? {orgasmos}, that is to say, in a state of fermentation. Ay!
there is your mistake, replied Oquetos. Hippocrates by the word ???asµ?? {orgasmos}
does not mean the fermentation, he means rather the concoction of the humours.
Thereupon our doctors got heated. One quotes the Greek text, and cites all the
authors who have explained it in his sense; the other, trusting to a Latin translation,
takes up the controversy in a still more positive tone. Which of the two to believe?
Don Vincent was not the man to decide that question. In the mean time, finding
himself obliged to choose, he gave his confidence to the party who had dispatched the
greatest number of patients - - I mean the elder of the two. Andros, the younger,
immediately withdrew, not without flinging out a few satirical taunts at his senior on
the ???asµ?? {orgasmos}. Here then was Oquetos triumphant. As he was a professor
of the Sangrado school, he began by bleeding copiously, waiting till the humours were
ripened before he went upon purgatives. But death, fearing, no doubt, lest this reserve
of purgatives should turn the fortunes of the day, got the start of the concoction, and
secured his victory over my master by a coup-de-main. Such was the final close of
Signor Don Vincent, who had lost his life because his physician did not know Greek.
Aurora having buried her father with a pomp suited to the dignity of his birth,
administered to his effects. Having the whole arrangement of everything in her own
breast, she discharged some of the servants with rewards proportioned to their
services, and soon retired to her castle on the Tagus, between Sacedon and Buendia. I
was among the number of those whom she kept, and who made part of her country
establishment. I had even the good fortune to become a principal agent in the plot. In
spite of my faithful report on the subject of Don Lewis, she still harboured a partiality
for that bewitching young fellow; or rather, for want of spirit to combat her passion in
the first instance, she surrendered at discretion. There was no longer any need of
taking precautions to speak with me in private. Gil Blas, said she with a sigh, I can
never forget Don Lewis. Let me make what effort I will to banish him from my
thoughts, he is present to them without intermission, not as you have described him,
plunged in every variety of licentious riot, but just what my fancy would paint him --
tender, loving, constant. She betrayed considerable emotion in uttering these words,
and could not help shedding tears. My fountains were very near playing from mere
sympathy. There was no better way of paying my court than by appearing sensibly
touched at her distress. My friend, continued she, after having wiped her lovely eyes,
your nature is evidently cast in a benevolent mould; and I am so well satisfied with

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your zeal that it shall not go unrewarded. Your assistance, my dear Gil Blas, is more
necessary to me than ever. You must be made acquainted with a plan which engrosses
all my thoughts, though it will appear strangely eccentric. You are to know that I
mean to set out for Salamanca as soon as possible. There my design is to assume the
disguise of a fashionable young fellow, and to make acquaintance with Pacheco under
the name of Don Felix. I shall endeavour to gain his confidence and friendship, and
lead the conversation incidentally to the subject of Aurora de Guzman, for whose
cousin I shall pass. He may perhaps express a wish to see her, and there is the point on
which I expect the interest to turn. We will have two apartments in Salamanca. In one
I shall be Don Felix, in the other, Aurora; and I flatter myself that by presenting my
person before Don Lewis, sometimes under the semblance of a man, sometimes in all
the natural and artificial attractions of my own sex, I may bring him by little and little
to the proposed end of my stratagem. I am perfectly aware that my project is
extravagant in the highest degree, but my passion drives me headlong; and the
innocence of my intentions renders me insensible to all compunctious feelings of
virgin apprehension respecting so hazardous a step.
I was exactly in the same mind with Aurora respecting the extravagance of her
scheme. Yet, unseasonable as it might seem to reflecting persons like myself, there
was no occasion for me to play the schoolmaster. On the contrary, I began to practise
all the arts of a thorough-bred special pleader, and undertook to magnify this hair-
brained pursuit into a piece of incomparable wit and spirit, without the least tincture
of imprudence. This was highly gratifying to my mistress. Lovers like to have their
rampant fancies tickled. We no longer considered this rash enterprise in any other
light than as a play, of which the characters were to be properly cast, and the business
dramatically arranged. The actors were chosen out of our own domestic
establishment, and the parts distributed without secret jealousy or open rupture, but
then we were not players by profession. It was determined that Dame Ortiz should
personate Aurora's aunt, under the name of Donna Kimena de Guzman, with a valet
and waiting-maid by way of attendance; and that Aurora, with the swashing outside of
a gay spark, was to take me for her valet-de-chambre, with one of her women
disguised as a page, to be more immediately about her person. The drama thus filled
up we returned to Madrid, where we understood Don Lewis still to be, though it was
not likely to be long till his departure for Salamanca. We got up with all possible haste
the dresses and decorations of our wild comedy. When they were in complete order,
my mistress had them packed up carefully, that they might come out in all their gloss
and newness on the rising of the curtain. Then, leaving the care of her family to her
steward, she began her journey in a coach drawn by four mules, and travelled towards
the kingdom of Leon, with those of her household who had some part to play in the
piece.
We had already crossed Old Castile, when the axle-tree of the coach gave way.
The accident happened between Avila and Villaflor, at the distance of three or four
hundred yards from a castle near the foot of a mountain. Night was coming on, and
the measure of our troubles seemed to be heaped up and overflowing. But there
passed accidentally by us a countryman, by whose assistance we were relieved from
our difficulties. He acquainted us that the castle yonder belonged to Donna Elvira,
widow of Don Pedro de Penarés; at the same time giving us so favourable a character
of that lady, that my mistress sent me to the castle with a request of a night's lodging.
Elvira did not disgrace the good word of the countryman. She received me with an air
of hospitality, and returned such an answer to my compliment as I wished to carry
back. We all went to the castle, whither the mules dragged the carriage with

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considerable difficulty. At the gate we met the widow of Don Pedro, who came out to
meet my mistress. I shall pass over in silence the reciprocal civilities which were
exchanged on this occasion, in compliance with the usage of the polite world. I shall
only say that Elvira was a lady rather advanced in years, but remarkably well bred,
with an address superior to that of most women in doing the honours of her house.
She led Aurora into a sumptuous apartment, where, leaving her to rest herself for a
short time, she looked after everything herself, and left nothing undone which could in
the least contribute to our comfort. Afterwards, when supper was ready, she ordered it
to be served up in Aurora's chamber, where they sat down to table together. Don
Pedro's widow was not of a description to cast a slur on her own hospitalities, by
assuming an air of abstraction or sullenness. Her temper was gay, and her
conversation lively without levity; for her ideas were dignified, and her expressions
select. Nothing could exceed her wit, accompanied by a peculiarly fine turn of
thought. Aurora appeared as much to be delighted as myself. They became sworn
friends, and mutually engaged in a regular correspondence. As our carriage could not
be repaired till the following day, and we should have encountered some perils by
setting out late at night, it was determined that we should take up our abode at the
castle till the damage was made good. All the arrangements were in the first style of
elegance, and our lodgings were correspondent to the magnificence of the
establishment in other respects.
The day after, my mistress discovered new charms in Elvira's conversation.
They dined in a large hall, where there were several pictures. One among the rest was
distinguished for its admirable execution, but the subject was highly tragic. A
principal figure was a man of superior mien, lying lifeless on his back, and bathed in
his own blood; yet in the very embraces of death he wore a menacing aspect. At a
little distance from him you might see a young lady in a different posture, though
stretched likewise on the ground. She had a sword plunged in her bosom, and was
giving up her last sighs, at the same time casting her dying glances at a young man
who seemed to suffer a mortal pang at losing her. The painter had besides charged his
picture with a figure which did not escape my notice. It was an old man of a venerable
physiognomy, sensibly touched with the objects which struck his sight, and equally
alive with the young man to the impressions of the melancholy scene. It might be said
that these images of blood and desolation affected both the spectators with the same
astonishment and grief, but that the outward demonstrations of their in ward
sentiments were different. The old man, sunk in a profound melancholy, looked as if
he was bowed down to the ground; while the youth mingled some thing like the
extravagance of despair with the tears of affliction. All these circumstances were
depicted with touches so characteristic and affecting, that we could not take our eyes
off the performance. My mistress desired to know the subject of the piece. Madam,
said Elvira, it is a faithful delineation of the misfortunes sustained by my family. This
answer excited Aurora's curiosity; and she testified so strong a desire to learn the
particulars, that the widow of Don Pedro could do no otherwise than promise her the
satisfaction she desired. This promise, made before Ortiz, her two fellow-servants,
and myself, rooted us to the spot on which we were listening to their former
conversation. My mistress would have sent us away; but Elvira, who saw plainly that
we were dying with eagerness to be present at the explanation of the picture, had the
goodness to desire us to stay, alleging at the same time that the story she had to relate
was not of a nature to enjoin secrecy. After a moment's recollection, she began her
recital to the following effect: --

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CH. IV. -- The Fatal Marriage; a Novel.

ROGER, king of Sicily, had a brother and a sister. His brother, by name
Mainfroi, rebelled against him, and kindled a war in the kingdom, bloody in its
immediate effects, and portentous in its future consequences. But it was his fate to
lose two battles, and to fall into the king's hands. The punishment of his revolt
extended no further than the loss of liberty. This act of clemency served only to make
Roger pass for a barbarian in the estimation of the disaffected party among his
subjects. They contended that he had saved his brother's life only to wreak his
vengeance on him by tortures the more merciless because protracted. People in
general, on better grounds, transferred the blame of Mainfroi's harsh treatment while
in prison to his sister Matilda. That princess had, in fact, cherished a long-rooted
hatred against this prince, and was indefatigable in her persecutions during his whole
life. She died in a very short time after him, and her premature fate was considered as
the retribution of a just providence for her disregard of those sentiments implanted by
nature for the best purposes.
Mainfroi left behind him two sons. They were yet in their childhood. Roger
had a kind of lurking desire to get rid of them, under the apprehension lest, when
arrived at a more advanced age, the wish of avenging their father might hurry them to
the revival of a faction which was not so entirely overthrown as to be incapable of
originating new intrigues in the state. He communicated his purpose to the senator
Leontio Siffredi, his minister, who diverted him from his bloody thoughts by
undertaking the education of Prince Enriquez, the eldest, and recommending the care
of the younger, by name Don Pedro, to the constable of Sicily, as a trusty counsellor
and loyal servant. Roger, assured that his nephews would be trained up by these two
men in principles of due submission to the royal authority, gave up the reins of
guardianship to their control, and himself took charge of his niece Constance. She was
of the same age with Enriquez, and only daughter of the princess Matilda. He allowed
her an establishment of female attendants, and of masters in every branch of the
politer studies, so that nothing was wanting either to her instruction or her state.
Leontio Siffredi had a castle at the distance of less than two leagues from
Palermo, in a spot named Belmonte. There it was that this minister exerted all his
talents and diligence, to render Enriquez worthy of one day ascending the throne of
Sicily. From the first, he discovered dispositions so amiable in that prince, that his
attachment became as strong as if he had no child of his own. He had, however, two
daughters -- Blanche, the first-born, one year younger than the prince, was armed at
all points with the weapons of a most perfect beauty. Her sister Portia was still in her
cradle. The mother had died in child-bed of this youngest. Blanche and Prince
Enriquez conceived a reciprocal affection as soon as they were alive to the influence
of love: but they were not allowed to improve their acquaintance into familiar
intercourse. The prince nevertheless found the means of occasionally eluding the
prudential vigilance of his guardian. He knew sufficiently well how to avail himself of
those precious moments, and prevailed so far with Siffredi's daughter, as to gain her
consent to the execution of a project which he meditated. It happened precisely at this
time that Leontio was obliged by the king's order to take a journey into one of the
most remote provinces in the island. During his absence Enriquez got an opening
made in the wall of his apartment, which led into Blanche's chamber. This opening
was concealed by a sliding shutter, so exactly corresponding with the wainscot, and so
closely fitting in with the ceiling and the floor, that the most suspicious eye could not
have detected the contrivance. A skilful workman, whom the prince had gained over

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to his interests, helped him to this private communication with equal speed and
secrecy.
The enamoured Enriquez having obtained this inlet into his mistress's
chamber, sometimes availed himself of his privilege; but he never took advantage of
her partiality. Imprudent as it may well be thought, to admit of a secret entrance into
her apartment, it was only on the express and reiterated assurance that none but the
most innocent favours should be requested at her hands. One night he found her in a
state of unusual perturbation. She had been informed that Roger was drawing near his
end, and had sent for Siffredi as lord high chancellor of the kingdom, and the legal
depository of his last will and testament. Already did she figure to herself her dear
Enriquez elevated to royal honours. She was afraid of losing her lover in her
sovereign, and that fear had strangely affected her spirits. The tears were standing in
her eyes, when the unconscious cause of them appeared before her. You weep,
madam, said he, what am I to think of this overwhelming grief? My lord, answered
Blanche, it were vain for me to hide my apprehensions. The king your uncle is at the
point of death, and you will soon be called to supply his place. When I measure the
distance placed between us by your approaching greatness, I will own to you that my
mind misgives me. The monarch and the lover estimate objects through a far different
medium. What constituted the fondest wish of the individual, while his aspiring
thoughts were checked by the control of a superior, fades into insignificance before
the tumultuous cares or brilliant destinies of royalty. Be it the misgiving of an anxious
heart, or the whisper of a well-founded opinion, I feel distracting emotions succeed
one another in my breast, which not all my just confidence in your goodness can allay.
The source of my mistrust is not in the suspected steadiness of your attachment, but in
a diffidence of my own happy fate. Lovely and beloved Blanche, replied the prince,
your fears but bind me the more firmly in your fetters, and warrant my devotion to
your charms. Yet this excessive indulgence of a fond jealousy borders on disloyalty to
love, and, if I may venture to say so, trenches on the esteem to which my constancy
has hitherto entitled me. No, no, never entertain a doubt that my destiny can ever be
sundered from yours, but rather indulge the pleasing anticipation, that you, and you
alone, will be the arbitress of my fate, and the source of all my bliss. Away, then, with
these vain alarms. Why must they disturb an intercourse so charming? Ah! my lord,
rejoined the daughter of Leontio, your subjects, when they place the crown upon your
head, may ask of you a princess-queen, descended from a long line of kings, whose
glittering alliance shall join new realms to your hereditary estates. Perhaps, alas! you
will meet their ambitious aims, even at the expense of your softest vows. Nay, why,
resumed Enriquez, with rising passion, why too ready a self-tormentor, do you raise
so afflicting a phantom of futurity? Should heaven take the king my uncle to itself,
and place Sicily under my dominion, I swear to unite myself with you at Palermo, in
presence of my whole court. To this I call to witness all which is held sacred and
inviolable among men.
The protestations of Enriquez removed the fears of Siffredi's daughter. The
rest of their discourse turned on the king's illness. Enriquez displayed the goodness of
his natural disposition, for he pitied his uncle's lot, though he had no reason to be
greatly affected by it; but the force of blood extorted from him sentiments of regret for
a prince whose death held out an immediate prospect of the crown. Blanche did not
yet know all the misfortunes which hung over her. The constable of Sicily, who had
met her coming out of her father's apartment, one day when he was at the castle of
Belmonte on some business of importance, was struck with admiration. The very next
day, he made proposals to Siffredi, who entertained his offer favourably; but the

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illness of Roger taking place unexpectedly about that time, the marriage was put off
for the present, and the subject had not been hinted at in the most distant manner to
Blanche.
One morning, as Enriquez had just finished dressing, he was surprised to see
Leontio enter his apartment, followed by Blanche. Sir, said this minister, the news I
have to announce will in some degree afflict your excellent heart, but it is
counteracted by consoling circumstances which ought to moderate your grief. The
king your uncle has departed this life; and by his death left you the heir of his sceptre.
Sicily is at your feet. The nobility of the kingdom wait your orders at Palermo. They
have commissioned me to receive them in person, and I come, my liege, with my
daughter to pay you the earliest and sincerest homage of your new subjects. The
prince, who was well aware that Roger had been for two months sinking under a
complaint gradual in its progress but fatal in its nature, was not astonished at this
news. And yet, struck with his sudden exaltation, he felt a thousand confused motions
rising up by turns in his heart. He mused for some time, then breaking silence,
addressed these words to Leontio -- Wise Siffredi, I have always considered you as
my father. I shall make it my glory to be governed by your counsels, and you shall
reign in Sicily with a sway paramount to my own. With these words, advancing to the
standish and taking a blank sheet of paper, he wrote his name at the bottom. What are
you doing, sir? said Siffredi. Proving my gratitude and my esteem, answered
Enriquez. Then the prince presented the paper to Blanche, and said -- Accept, madam,
this pledge of my faith, and of the empire with which I invest you over my thoughts
and actions. Blanche received it with a blush, and made this answer to the prince -- I
acknowledge with all humility the condescensions of my sovereign, but my destiny is
in the hands of a father, and you must not consider me as ungrateful if I deposit this
flattering token in his custody, to be used according to the dictates of his sage
discretion.
In compliance with these sentiments of filial duty, she gave the sign manual of
Enriquez to her father. Then Siffredi saw at once what till that moment had eluded his
penetration. He entered dearly into the prince's sentiments, and said: Your majesty
shall have no reproaches to make me. I shall not act unworthily of the confidence . . . .
My dear Leontio, interrupted Enriquez, you and unworthiness never can be allied.
Make what use you please of my signature. I shall confirm your determination. But
go, return to Palermo, prescribe the ceremonies for my coronation there, and tell my
subjects that I shall follow you in person immediately, to receive their oaths of
allegiance, and assure them of my protection in return. The minister obeyed the
commands of his new master, and set out for Palermo with his daughter.
Some hours after their departure, the prince also left Belmonte, with his
thoughts more intent on his passion than on the high rank to which he was called.
Immediately on his arrival in the city, the air was rent with a thousand cries of joy. He
made his entry into the palace amid the acclamations of the people, and everything
was ready for the august formalities. The Princess Constance was waiting to receive
him, in a magnificent mourning dress. She appeared deeply affected by Roger's death.
The customs of society required from them a reciprocal compliment of condolence on
the late event; and they each of them acquitted themselves with good breeding and
propriety. But there was somewhat more coldness on the part of Enriquez than on that
of Constance, who could not enter into family quarrels, and resolved on hating the
young prince. He placed himself on the throne, and the princess sate beside him, in a
chair of state a little less elevated. The great officers of the realm fell into their places,
each according to his rank. The ceremony began; and Leontio, as lord high chancellor

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of the kingdom, holding in his possession the will of the late king, opened it, and read
the contents aloud. This instrument contained in substance that Roger, in default of
issue, nominated the eldest son of Mainfroi his successor, on condition of his
marrying the Princess Constance; and in the event of his refusing her hand, the crown
of Sicily was to devolve, to his exclusion, on the head of the infant Don Pedro, his
brother, on the like condition.
These words were a thunderstroke to Enriquez. His senses were all bewildered
even to distraction; and his agonies became still more acute, when Leontio, having
finished the reading of the will, addressed the assembly at large to the following
effect: My lords, the last injunctions of the late king having been made known to our
new monarch, that pious and excellent prince consents to honour his cousin the
Princess Constance with his hand. At these words Enriquez interrupted the chancellor.
Leontio, said he, remember the writing; Blanche. . . . Sire, interrupted Siffredi in his
turn with precipitation, lest the prince should find an opportunity of making himself
understood, here it is. The nobility of the kingdom, added he, exhibiting the blank
paper to the assembly, will see by your majesty's august subscription, the esteem in
which you hold the princess, and your implicit deference to the last will of the late
king your uncle.
Having finished these words, he forthwith began reading the instrument in
such terms as he had himself inserted. According to the contents, the new king gave a
promise to his people, with formalities the most binding and authentic, that he would
marry Constance, in conformity with the intention of Roger. The hall re-echoed with
pealing shouts of satisfaction. Long live our high and mighty King Enriquez!
exclaimed all those who were present. As the marked aversion of the prince for the
princess had never been any secret, it was apprehended, not without reason, that he
might revolt against the condition of the will, and light up the flame of civil discord in
the kingdom; but the public enunciation of this solemn act, quieting the fears of the
nobility and the people on that head, excited these universal applauses, which went to
the monarch's heart like the stab of an assassin. Constance, who had a nearer interest
than any human being in the result, from the double motive of glory and personal
affection, laid hold of this opportunity for expressing her gratitude. The prince had
much ado to keep his feelings within bounds. He received the compliment of the
princess with so constrained an air, and evinced so unusual a disorder in his
behaviour, as scarcely to reply in a manner suited to the common forms of good
breeding. At last, no longer master of his violent passions, he went up to Siffredi,
whom the formalities of his office detained near the royal person, and said to him in a
low tone of voice -- What is the meaning of all this, Leontio? The signature which I
deposited in your daughter's hands was not meant for such a use as this. You are
guilty of . . . .
My liege, interrupted Siffredi again with a tone of firmness, look to your own
glory. If you refuse to comply with the injunctions of the king, your uncle, you lose
the crown of Sicily. No sooner had he thrown in this salutary hint, than he got away
from the king, to prevent all possibility of a reply. Enriquez was left in a most
embarrassing situation. A thousand opposite emotions agitated him at once. He was
exasperated against Siffredi: to give up Blanche was more than he could endure: so
that, balancing between his private feelings and the calls of public honour, he was
doubtful to which side he should incline. At length his doubts were resolved, under
the idea of having found the means to secure Siffredi's daughter, without giving up his
claim to the throne. He affected therefore an entire submission to the will of Roger, in
the hope, while a dispensation from his marriage with his cousin was soliciting at

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Rome, of gaining the leading nobility by his largesses, and thus establishing his power
so firmly, as not to be under the necessity of fulfilling the conditions of the obnoxious
instrument.
After forming this design, he got to be more composed; and turning towards
Constance, confirmed to her what the lord high chancellor had read in presence of the
whole assembly. But, at the very moment when he had so far betrayed himself as to
pledge his faith, Blanche arrived in the hall of council. She came thither, by her
father's command, to pay her duty to the princess; and her ears, on entering, were
startled at the expressions of Enriquez. In addition to this shock, Leontio, determined
not to leave her in doubt of her misfortune, accompanied her presentation to
Constance with these words: Daughter, make your homage acceptable to your queen;
call down upon her the blessings of a prosperous reign and a happy marriage. This
terrible blow overwhelmed the unfortunate Blanche. Vain were all her attempts to
suppress her anguish; her countenance changed successively from the deepest blush to
a deadly paleness, and she trembled from head to foot. And yet the princess had no
suspicion how the matter really stood; but attributed the confused style of her
compliment to the awkwardness of a young person brought up in a state of rustication,
and totally unacquainted with the manners of a court. But the young king was more in
the secret. The sight of Blanche put him out of countenance: and the despair, too
legible in her eyes, was enough to drive him out of his senses. Her feelings were not
to be misunderstood; and they pointed at him as the most faithless of men. Could he
have spoken to her, it might have tranquillized his agitation: but how to lay hold of the
happy moment, when all Sicily, at least the illustrious part of it, was fixed in anxious
expectation on his proceedings? Besides, the stern and inflexible Siffredi extinguished
at once every ray of hope. This minister, who was at no loss to decipher the hearts of
the two lovers, and was firmly resolved, if possible, to prevent the evil consequences
impending over the state from the violence of this imprudent attachment, got his
daughter out of the assembly with the dexterity of a practised courtier, and regained
the road to Belmonte with her in his possession, determined, for more reasons than
one, to marry her as soon as possible.
When they reached home, he gave her to understand all the horror of her
destiny, by announcing his promise to the constable. Just heaven! exclaimed she,
transported into a paroxysm of despair, which her father's presence could not restrain,
what unparalleled sufferings have you the cruelty to lay up in store for the ill- fated
Blanche? Her agony went to such a degree of violence as to suspend every power of
her soul. Her limbs seemed as if stiffened under the icy grasp of death. Cold and pale,
she fell senseless into her father's arms. Neither was he insensible to her melancholy
condition. Yet, feeling as he did all the alarm and anxiety of a parent, the stern
inflexibility of the statesman remained unshaken. Blanche, after a time, was recalled
to life and feeling, rather by the keenness of her mental pangs than by the means
which Siffredi used for her recovery. Languishingly did she raise her scarcely
conscious eyes: when glancing on the author of her misery, as he was anxiously
employed about her person; . . . . My lord, said she, with inarticulate and convulsive
accents, I am ashamed to let you see my weakness: but death, which cannot be long in
finishing my torments, will soon rid you of a wretched daughter, who has ventured to
dispose of her heart without consulting you. No, my dear Blanche, answered Leontio,
your death would be too dear a sacrifice: Virtue will resume her empire over your
actions. The constable's proposals do you honour; it is one of the most considerable
alliances in the state . . . . I esteem his person and am sensible of his merit, interrupted
Blanche; but, my lord, the king had given me encouragement to indulge . . . .

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Daughter, vociferated Siffredi, breaking in upon her discourse, I anticipate all you
have to say on that subject. Your partiality for the prince is no secret to me, nor would
it meet my disapprobation under other circumstances. You should even see me active
and ardent to secure for you the hand of Enriquez, if the cause of glory and the
welfare of the realm demanded it not indispensably for Constance. It is on the sole
condition of marrying that princess, that the late king has nominated him his
successor. Would you have him prefer you to the crown of Sicily? Believe me, my
heart bleeds at the mortal blow which impends over you. Yet, since we cannot
contend with the fates, make a magnanimous effort. Your fame is concerned, not to let
the whole nation see that you have nursed up a delusive hope. Your sensibility
towards the person of the king might even give birth to ignominious rumours. The
only method of preserving yourself from their poison, is to marry the constable. In
short, Blanche, there is no time left for irresolution. The king has decided between a
throne and the possession of your charms. He has fixed his choice on Constance. The
constable holds my words in pledge; enable me to redeem it, I beseech you. Or if
nothing but a paramount necessity can fix your wavering resolution, I must make an
unwilling use of my parental authority; know then, I command you.
Ending with this threat, he left her to make her own reflections on what had
passed. He was in hopes that after having weighed the reasons he had urged to support
her virtue against the bias of her feelings, she would determine of herself to admit the
constable's addresses. He was not mistaken in his conjecture: but at what an expense
did the wretched Blanche rise to this height of virtuous resolution! Her condition was
that in the whole world the most deserving of pity. The affliction of finding her fears
realized respecting the in fidelity of Enriquez, and of being compelled, besides losing
the man of her choice, to sacrifice herself to another whom she could never love,
occasioned her such storms of passion and alternate tossings of frantic desperation, as
to bring with each successive moment a variety of vindictive torture. If my sad fate is
fixed, exclaimed she, how can I triumph over it but by death? Merciless powers, who
preside over our wayward fortunes, why feed and tantalize me with the most flattering
hopes, only to plunge me headlong into a gulf of miseries? And thou too, perfidious
lover! to rush into the arms of another, when all those vows of eternal fidelity were
mine. So soon then is that plighted faith void and forgotten? To punish thee for so
cruel a deception, may it please heaven, in its retribution, to make the conscious couch
of conjugal endearment, polluted as it must be by perjury, less the scene of pleasure
than the dungeon of remorse! May the fond caresses of Constance distil poison
through thy faithless heart! Let us rival one another in the horrors of our nuptials!
Yes, traitor, I mean to wed the constable, though shrinking from his ardent touch, to
avenge me on myself! to be my own scourge and tormentor, for having selected so
fatally the object of my frantic passion. Since deep-rooted obedience to the will of
God forbids to entertain the thought of a premature death, whatever days may be
allotted me to drag on shall be but a lengthened chain of heaviness and torment. If a
sentiment of love still lurks about your heart, it will be revenge enough for me to cast
myself into your presence, the devoted bride or victim of another: but if you have
thrown off my remembrance with your own vows, Sicily at least shall glory in the
distinction of reckoning among its natives a woman who knew how to punish herself
for having disposed of her heart too lightly.
In such a state of mind did this wretched martyr to love and duty pass the night
preceding her marriage with the constable. Siffredi, finding her the next morning
ready to comply with his wishes, hastened to avail himself of this favourable
disposition. He sent for the constable to Belmonte on that very day, and the marriage

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ceremony was performed privately in the chapel of the castle. What a crisis for
Blanche! It was not enough to renounce a crown, to lose a lover endeared to her by
every tie, and to yield herself up to the object of her hatred. In addition to all this, she
must put a constraint on her sentiments before a husband, naturally jealous, and long
occupied with the most ardent admiration of her charms. The bridegroom, delighted in
the possession of her, was all day long in her presence. He did not leave her to the
miserable consolation of pouring out her sorrows in secret. When night arrived,
Leontio's daughter felt all her disgust and terror redoubled. But what seemed likely to
become of her when her women, after having undressed her, left her alone with the
constable? He enquired respectfully into the cause of her apparent faintness and
discomposure. The question was sufficiently embarrassing to Blanche, who affected
to be ill. Her husband was at first deceived by her pretences; but he did not long
remain in such an error. Being, as he was, sincerely concerned at the condition in
which he saw her, but still pressing her to go to bed, his urgent solicitations, falsely
construed by her, offered to her wounded mind an image so cruel and indelicate, that
she could no longer dissemble what was passing within, but gave a free course to her
sighs and tears. What a discovery for a man who thought himself at the summit of his
wishes! He no longer doubted but the distressed state of his wife was fraught with
some sinister omen to his love. And yet, though this knowledge reduced him to a
situation almost as deplorable as that of Blanche, he had sufficient command over
himself to keep his suspicions within his own breast. He redoubled his assiduities, and
went on pressing his bride to lay herself down, assuring her that the repose of which
she stood in need should be undisturbed by his interruption. He offered of his own
accord even to call her women, if she was of opinion that their attendance could
afford any relief to her indisposition. Blanche, reviving at that proposal, told him that
sleep was the best remedy for the debility under which she laboured. He affected to
think so too. They accordingly partook of the same bed, but with a conduct altogether
different from what the laws of love, sanctioned by the rites of marriage, might
authorize in a pair mutually delighted and delighting.
While Siffredi's daughter was giving way to her grief, the constable was
hunting in his own mind for the causes which might render the nuptial office so
contemptible a sinecure in his hands. He could not be long in conjecturing that he had
a rival, but when he attempted to discover him he was lost in the labyrinth of his own
ideas. All he knew with certainty, was the peculiar severity of his own fate. He had
already passed two thirds of the night in this perplexity of thought, when an
undistinguishable noise grew gradually on his sense of hearing. Great was his surprise
when a footstep seemed audibly to pace about the room. He fancied himself mistaken;
for he recollected shutting the door himself after Blanche's women had retired. He
drew back the curtain to satisfy his senses on the occasion of this extraordinary noise.
But the light in the chimney corner had gone out, and he soon heard a feeble and
melancholy voice calling Blanche with anxious and importunate repetitions. Then did
the suggestions of his jealousy transport him into rage. His insulted honour obliging
him to rush from the bed to which he had so long aspired, and either to prevent a
meditated injury, or take vengeance for its perpetration, he caught up his sword and
flew forward in the direction whence the voice seemed to proceed. He felt a naked
blade opposed to his own. As he advanced, his antagonist retired. The pursuit became
more eager, the retreat more precipitate. His search was vigilant, and every corner of
the room seemed to contain its object, but that which he momentarily occupied. The
darkness, however, favoured the unknown invader, and he was nowhere to be found.
The pursuer halted. He listened, but heard no sound. It seemed like enchantment! He

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made for the door, under the idea that this was the outlet to the secret assassin of his
honour; yet the bolt was shot as fast as before. Unable to comprehend this strange
occurrence, he called those of his retinue who were most within reach of his voice. As
he opened the door for this purpose, he placed himself so as to prevent all egress, and
stood upon his guard, lest the devoted victim of his search should escape.
At his redoubled cries, some servants ran with lights. He laid hold of a taper,
and renewed his search in the chamber with his sword still drawn. Yet he found no
one there, nor any apparent sign of any person having been in the room. He was not
aware of any private door, nor could he discover any practicable mode of escape: yet
for all this, he could not shut his eyes against the nature and circumstances of his
misfortune. His thoughts were all thrown into inextricable confusion. To ask any
questions of Blanche was in vain: for she had too deep an interest in perplexing the
truth, to furnish any clue whatever to its discovery. He therefore adopted the measure
of unbosoming his griefs to Leontio; but previously sent away his attendants with the
excuse that he thought he had heard some noise in the room, but was mistaken. His
father-in-law having left his chamber in consequence of this strange disturbance, met
him, and heard from his lips the particulars of this unaccountable adventure. The
narrative was accompanied with every indication of extreme agony, produced by deep
and tender feeling, as well as by a sense of insulted honour.
Siffredi was surprised at the occurrence. Though it did not appear to him at all
probable, that was no reason for being easy about its reality. The king's passion might
accomplish anything; and that idea alone justified the most cruel apprehensions. But it
could do no good to foster either the natural jealousy of his son-in-law, or his
particular suspicions arising out of circumstances. He therefore endeavoured to
persuade him, with an air of confidence, that this imaginary voice, and airy sword
opposed to his substantial one, were, and could possibly be, but the gratuitous
creations of a fancy, under the influence of amorous distrust. It was morally
impossible that any person should have made his way into his daughter's chamber.
With regard to the melancholy, so visible in his wile's deportment, it might very
naturally be attributed to precarious health and delicacy of constitution. The honour of
a husband need not be so tremblingly alive to all the qualms of maiden fear and
inexperience. Change of condition, in the case of a girl habituated to live almost
without human society, and abruptly consigned to the embraces of a man in whom
love and previous acquaintance had not inspired confidence, might innocently be the
cause of these tears, of these sighs, and of this lively affliction so irksome to his
feelings. But it was to be considered that tenderness, especially in the hearts of young
ladies, fortified by the pride of blood against the excesses of love-sick abandonment,
was only to be cherished into a flame by time and assiduity. He therefore exhorted
him to tranquillize his disturbed mind; to be ardently officious in redoubling every
instance of affection; to create a soft and seducing interest in the sensibility of
Blanche. In short, he besought him earnestly to return to her apartment, and laboured
to persuade him that his distrust and confusion would only set her on an unconjugal
and litigious defence of her insulted virtue.
The constable returned no answer to the arguments of his father- in-law,
whether because he began to think in good earnest that his senses were imposed on by
the disorder of his mind, or because he thought it more to the purpose to dissemble,
than to undertake ineffectually to convince the old man of an event so devoid of all
likelihood. He returned to his wife's chamber, laid himself down by her side, and
endeavoured to obtain from sleep some relief from his extreme uneasiness. Blanche,
on her part, the unhappy Blanche, was not a whit more at her ease. Her ears had been

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but too open to the same alarming sounds, which had assailed her husband's peace;
nor could she construe into illusion an adventure of which she well knew the secret
and the motives. She was surprised that Enriquez should attempt to find his way into
her apartment, after having pledged his faith so solemnly to the Princess Constance.
Instead of feeding her soul with vanity, or deriving any flattering omens from a
proceeding fraught with personal tenderness, but destructive to self- approbation, she
considered it as a new insult, and her heart was only so much the more exasperated
with resentment against the author.
While Siffredi's daughter, with all her prejudices excited against the young
king, believed him the most guilty of men, that unhappy prince, more than ever
ensnared by Blanche, was anxious for an interview, to satisfy her mind on a subject
which seemed to make so much against him. For that purpose he would have visited
Belmonte sooner, but for a press of business too urgent to be neglected; nor could he
withdraw himself from the court before that night. He was perfectly at home in all the
turnings of a place where he had been brought up, and therefore was at no loss to slip
into the castle of Siffredi. Nay, he was still in possession of the key to a secret door
communicating with the gardens. By this inlet did he gain his former apartment, and
thence found his way into Blanche's chamber. Only conceive what must have been the
astonishment of that prince to find a man in possession, and to feel a sword opposed
to his guard. He was just on the point of betraying all, and of punishing the rebel on
the very spot, whose sacrilegious hand had dared to lift itself against the person of its
lawful sovereign. But then the delicacy due to the daughter of Leontio held his
indignation in check. He retreated in the same direction as he had advanced, and
regained the Palermo road, in more distress and perplexity than ever. Getting home
some little time before daybreak, his apartment afforded him the most quiet retreat.
But his thoughts were all on the road back to Belmonte. The resting-place of his
affections, a sense of honour, in a word, love with all its pretensions and surmises,
would never allow him to delay an explanation, involving all the circumstances of so
strange and melancholy an adventure.
As soon as it was daylight he gave out that he was going on a hunting
expedition. Under cover of sporting, his huntsmen and a chosen party of his courtiers
penetrated into the forest of Belmonte under his direction. The chase was followed for
some time, as a blind to his real design. When he saw the whole party eagerly driving
on, and wholly engrossed by the sport, he galloped off in a different direction, and
struck, without any attendants, into the road towards Leontio's castle. The various
tracks of the forest were too well known to him to admit of his losing his way. His
impatience, too, would not allow him to take any thought of his horse; so that the
moments scarcely flitted faster, than his expedition in leaving behind him the distance
which separated him from the object of his love. His very soul was on the rack for
some plausible excuse to plead for a private interview with Siffredi's daughter, when,
crossing a narrow path just at the park gate, he observed two women sitting close by
him, in earnest conversation under the shelter of a tree. It might well be supposed that
these females belonged to the castle; and even that probability was sufficient to rouse
an interest in him. But his emotion was heightened into a feeling beyond his reason to
control, for these ladies happened to look round on hearing the trot of a horse
advancing in that direction; when at once he recognized his dear Blanche. The fact
was, she had made her escape from the castle with Nisa, the person of all others
among her women most in her confidence, that she might at least have the satisfaction
of weeping over her misfortunes without intrusion or restraint.

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He flew, and seemed rather to throw himself headlong than to fall at her feet.
But when he beheld in the expression of her countenance every mark of the deepest
affliction, his heart was softened. Lovely Blanche, said he, do not, let me entreat you,
give way to the emotions of your grief. Appearances, I own, must represent me as
guilty in your eyes: but when you shall be made acquainted with my project in your
behalf, what you consider as a crime will be transformed in your thoughts into a proof
of my innocence, and an evidence of my unparalleled affection. These words,
calculated, according to the views of Enriquez, to allay the grief of Blanche, served
only to redouble her affliction. Fain would she have answered, but her sobs stifled her
utterance. The prince, thunderstruck at the death-like agitation of her flame, addressed
her thus. What, madam, is there no possibility of tranquilizing your agitation? By
what sad mischance have I lost your confidence, at the very moment when my crown
and even my life are at stake, in consequence of my resolution to hold myself engaged
to you? At this suggestion the daughter of Leontio, doing violence to her own
feelings, but thinking it necessary to explain herself, said to him -- My liege, your
assurances are no longer admissible. My destiny and yours are henceforward as far
asunder as the poles. Ah! Blanche, interrupted Enriquez with impatience, what cutting
words are these, too painful for my sense of hearing? Who dares step in between our
loves? Who would venture to stand forward against the headlong rage of a king who
would kindle all Sicily into a conflagration, rather than suffer you to be ravished from
his long-cherished hopes? All your power, my liege, great as it is, replied the daughter
of Siffredi in a tone of melancholy, becomes inefficient against the obstacles in the
way of our union. I know not how to tell it you, but . . . . I am married to the
constable.
Married to the constable! exclaimed the prince, starting back to some distance
from her. He could proceed no further in his discourse, so completely was he
thunderstruck at the intelligence. Overwhelmed by this unexpected blow, he felt his
strength forsake him. His unconscious limbs laid themselves without his guidance
against the trunk of a tree just behind him. His countenance was pallid, his whole
frame in a tremor, his mind bewildered and his spirits depressed. With no sense or
faculty at liberty but that of gazing, and there every power of his soul was suspended
on Blanche, he made her feel most poignantly how he himself was agonized by the
fatal event she had announced. The expression of countenance on her part was such as
to show him that her emotions were not uncongenial with his own. Thus did these two
distressed lovers for a time preserve a silence towards each other, which portended
something of terror in its calmness. At length the prince, recovering a little from his
disorder by an effort of courage, resumed the discourse, and said to Blanche with a
sigh -- Madam, what have you done? You have destroyed me, and involved yourself
in the same ruin by your credulity.
Blanche was offended at the seeming reproaches of the king, when the
strongest grounds of complaint were apparently on her side. What! my lord, answered
she, do you add dissimulation to infidelity? Would you have me reject the evidence of
my own eyes and ears, so as to believe you innocent in spite of their report? No, my
lord, I will own to you such an effort of abstraction is not in my power. And yet,
madam, replied the king, these witnesses by whose testimony you have been so fully
convinced, are but impostors. They have been in a conspiracy to betray you. It is no
less the fact that I am innocent and faithful, than it is true that you are married to the
constable. What is it you say, my lord? replied she. Did I not overhear you confirming
the pledge of your hand and heart to Constance? Have you not bound yourself to the
nobility of the realm, and undertaken to comply with the will of the late king? Has not

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the princess received the homage of your new subjects as their queen, and in quality
of bride to Prince Enriquez? Were my eyes then fascinated? Tell me, tell me rather,
traitor, that Blanche was weighed as dust in the balance of your heart, when compared
with the attractions of a throne. Without lowering yourself so far as to assume what
you no longer feel, and what perhaps you never felt, own at once that the crown of
Sicily appeared a more tenable possession with Constance than with the daughter of
Leontio. You are in the right, my lord. My title to an illustrious throne, and to the
heart of a prince like you, stands on an equally precarious footing. It was vanity in the
extreme to prefer a claim to either: but you ought not to have drawn me on into error.
You well recollect what alarms were my portion at the very thought of losing you, of
which I had almost a supernatural foreboding. Why did you lull my apprehensions to
sleep? To what purpose was that delusive mockery? I might else have accused fate
rather than yourself, and you would at least have retained an interest in my heart,
though unaccompanied by a hand which no other suitor could ever have obtained. As
we are now circumstanced, your justification is out of season. I am married to the
constable. To relieve me from the continuance of an interview, which casts a shade
over my purity hitherto unsullied, permit me, my lord, without failing in due respect,
to with draw from the presence of a prince to whose addresses I am no longer at
liberty to listen.
With these words, she darted away from Enriquez in as hurried a step as the
agitation of her spirits would allow. Stop, madam, exclaimed he, drive not to despair a
prince, inclined to overturn a throne, which you reproach him for having preferred to
yourself, rather than yield to the importunities of his new subjects. That sacrifice is
under present circumstances superfluous, rejoined Blanche. The bond must be broken
between the constable and me, before any effect can be produced by these generous
transports. Since I am not my own mistress, little would it avail that Sicily should be
embroiled, nor does it concern me to whom you give your hand. If I have betrayed my
own weakness, and suffered my heart to be surprised, at least shall I muster fortitude
enough to suppress every soft emotion, and prove to the new king of Sicily, that the
wife of the constable is no longer the mistress of Prince Enriquez. While this
conversation was passing, they reached the park gate. With a sudden spring she and
Nisa got within the walls. As they took care to fasten the wicket after them, the prince
was left in a state of melancholy and stupefaction. He could not recover from the
stunning sensation, occasioned by the intelligence of Blanche's marriage. Unjust may
I well call you, exclaimed he. You have buried all remembrance of our solemn
engagement! Spite of my protestations and your own, our fates are rent asunder? The
long-cherished hope of possessing those charms was an empty phantom! Ah! cruel as
you are, how dearly have I purchased the distinction, of compelling you to
acknowledge the constancy of my love!
At that moment his rival's happiness, heightened by the colouring of jealousy,
presented itself to his mind in all the horrors of that frantic passion. So arbitrary was
its sway over him for some moments, that he was on the point of sacrificing the
constable, and even Siffredi, to his blind vengeance. Reason, however, calmed by
little and little the violence of his transports. And yet the obvious impossibility of
effacing from the mind of Blanche her natural conviction of his infidelity, reduced
him to despair. He flattered himself with weaning her from her prejudices, could he
but converse with her secure from interruption. To attain this end, it seemed the most
feasible plan to get rid of the constable. He therefore determined to have him arrested,
as a person suspected of treasonable designs, in the then unsettled state of public
affairs. This commission was given to the captain of his guard, who went immediately

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to Belmonte, secured the person of his prisoner just as the evening was closing in, and
carried him to the castle of Palermo.
This occurrence spread an alarm at Belmonte. Siffredi took his departure
forthwith, to offer his own responsibility to the king for the innocence of his son-in-
law, and to represent in their true colours the unpleasant consequences attending such
arbitrary exertions of power. The prince, who had anticipated such a proceeding on
the part of his minister, and was determined at least to secure himself a free interview
with Blanche before the release of the constable, had expressly forbidden any one to
address him till the next day. But Leontio, setting this prohibition at defiance,
contrived so well as to make his way into the king's chamber. My liege, said he, with
an air of humility tempered with firmness, if it is allowable for a subject full of respect
and loyalty to complain of his master, I have to arraign you before the tribunal of your
own conscience. What crime has my son-in-law committed? Has your majesty
sufficiently reflected what an everlasting reproach is entailed on my family? Are the
consequences of an imprisonment calculated to disgust all the most important officers
of the state with the service, a matter of indifference? I have undoubted information,
answered the king, that the constable holds a criminal correspondence with the Infant
Don Pedro. A criminal correspondence! interrupted Leontio, with surprise. Ah! my
liege, give no ear to the surmise. Your majesty is played upon. Treason never gained a
footing in the family of Siffredi. It is sufficient security for the constable that he is my
son-in-law, to place him above all suspicion. The constable is innocent: but private
motives have been the occasion of your arresting him.
Since you speak to me so openly, replied the king, I will adopt the same
sincerity with you. You complain of the constable's imprisonment! Be it so. And have
I no reason to complain of your cruelty? it is you, barbarous Siffredi, who have
wrested my tranquillity from me, and reduced your sovereign, by your officious cares,
to envy the lowliest of the human race. For do not so far deceive yourself as to believe
that I shall ever enter into your views. My marriage with Constance is quite out of the
question . . . . What, my liege, interrupted Leontio, with an expression of horror, is
there any doubt about your marrying the princess, after having flattered her with that
hope in the face of your whole people? If their wishes are disappointed, replied the
king, take the credit to yourself: Wherefore did you reduce me to the necessity of
giving them a promise my heart would not allow me to make good? Where was the
occasion to fill up with the name of Constance an instrument designed for the
elevation of your own daughter? You could not be a stranger to my design; need you
have completed your tyranny by devoting Blanche to the arms of a man to whom she
could not give her heart? And what authority have you over mine to dispose of it in
favour of a princess whom I detest? Have you forgotten that she is the daughter of that
cruel Matilda, who, trampling the rights of consanguinity and human nature under
foot, caused my father to breathe his last under all the rigours of a hard captivity? And
should I marry her! No, Siffredi, throw away that hope. Before the lurid torch of such
an hymeneal shall be kindled in your presence, you shall behold all Sicily in flames,
and the expiring embers quenched in blood.
Do not my ears deceive me? exclaimed Leontio. Ah! sovereign, what a scene
do you present me with! Who can hear such menaces without shuddering? But I am
too forward to take the alarm, continued he in an altered voice. You are in too close a
union with your subjects to be the instrument of a catastrophe so melancholy. You
will not suffer passion to triumph over your reason. Virtues like yours shall never lose
their lustre by the tarnish of human and ordinary weakness. If I have given my
daughter into the arms of the constable, it was with the design, my liege, of securing

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to your majesty a powerful subject, able by his own valour, and the army under his
command, to maintain your party against that of the Prince Don Pedro. It appeared to
me that by connecting him with my family in so close a bond . . . . Yes, yes! This
bond, exclaimed Prince Enriquez, this fatal bond has been my ruin. Unfeeling friend,
to aim a wound at my vital part! What commission had you to take care of my
interests at the expense of my affections? Why did you not leave me to support my
pretensions by my own arm? Was there any question about my courage that I should
be thought incompetent to reduce my rebellious subjects to their obedience? Means
might have been found to punish the constable had he dared to have fallen off from
his allegiance! I am well aware of the difference between a lawful king and an
arbitrary tyrant. The happiness of our people is our first duty. But are we, on the other
hand, to be the slaves of our subjects? From the moment when we are selected by
heaven for our high office, do we lose the common privilege of nature, the birthright
of the human race, to dispose of our affections in whatsoever current they may flow?
Well then! if we are less our own masters than the lowest of the human race, take
back, Siffredi, that sovereign authority you affect to have secured to me by the wreck
of my personal happiness.
You cannot but be acquainted, my liege, replied the minister, that it was on
your marriage with the princess, the late king, your uncle, made the succession of the
crown to depend. And by what right, rejoined Enriquez, did even he assume to
himself so arbitrary a disposition? Was it on such unworthy terms that he succeeded
his brother, King Charles? How came you yourself to be so besotted as to allow of a
stipulation so unjust? For a high chancellor, you are not too well versed in our laws
and constitutions. To cut the matter short, though I have promised my hand to
Constance, the engagement was not voluntary. I do not therefore think myself bound
to keep my word; and if Don Pedro founds on my refusal any hope of succeeding to
the throne without involving the nation in a bloody and destructive contest, his error
will be too soon visible. The sword shall decide between us to whom the prize of
empire may more worthily fall. Leontio could not venture to press him further, and
confined himself to supplicating on his knees for the liberty of his son-in-law. That
boon he obtained. Go, said the king to him, return to Belmonte, the constable shall
follow you thither without delay. The minister departed, and made the best of his way
to Belmonte, under the persuasion that his son-in-law would overtake him on the road.
In this he was mistaken. Enriquez was determined to visit Blanche that night, and with
such views he deferred the enlargement of her husband till the next morning.
During this time the feelings of the constable were of the most agonizing
nature. His imprisonment had opened his eyes to the real cause of his misfortune. He
gave himself up to jealousy without restraint or remorse, and belying the good faith
which had hitherto rendered his character so valuable, his thoughts were all bent on
his revenge. As he conjectured rightly that the king would not fail to reconnoitre
Blanche's apartment during the night, it was his object to surprise them together. He
therefore besought the governor of the castle at Palermo to allow of his absence from
the prison, on the assurance of his return before daybreak. The governor, who was
devoted to his interest, gave his permission so much the more easily, as being already
advertised that Siffredi had procured his liberty. Indeed, he even went so far as to
supply him with a horse for his journey to Belmonte. The constable on his arrival
there fastened his horse to a tree. He then got into the park by a little gate of which he
had the key, and was lucky enough to slip into the castle without being recognized by
any one. On reaching his wife's apartment he concealed himself in the ante-chamber,
behind a screen placed as if expressly for his use. His intention was to observe

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narrowly what was going forward, and to present himself on a sudden in Blanche's
chamber at the sound of any footstep he should hear. The first object he beheld was
Nisa, taking leave of her mistress for the night, and withdrawing to a closet where she
slept.
Siffredi's daughter, who had been at no loss to fathom the meaning of her
husband's imprisonment, was fully convinced that he would not return to Belmonte
that night, although she had heard from her father of the king's assurance that the
constable should set out immediately after him. As little could she doubt but Enriquez
would avail himself of the interval to see and converse with her at his pleasure. With
this expectation she awaited the prince's arrival, to reproach him for a line of conduct
so pregnant with fatal consequences to herself. As she had anticipated, a very short
time after Nisa had retired the sliding panel opened, and the king threw himself at the
feet of his beloved. Madam, said he, condemn me not without a hearing. It is true I
have occasioned the constable's imprisonment, but then consider that it was the only
method left me for my justification. Attribute therefore that desperate stratagem to
yourself alone. Why did you refuse to listen to my explanation this morning? Alas!
To-morrow your husband will be liberated, and I shall no longer have an opportunity
of addressing you. Hearken to me then for the last time. If the loss of you has
embittered the remainder of my days, vouchsafe me at least the melancholy
satisfaction of convincing you that I have not called down this misfortune on myself
by my own inconstancy. I did indeed confirm the pledge of my hand to Constance, but
then it was unavoidable in the situation to which your father's policy had reduced us.
It was necessary to put this imposition on the princess for your interest and for my
own; to secure to you your crown, and with it the hand and heart of your devoted
lover. I had flattered myself with the prospect of success. Measures were already
taken to supersede that engagement, but you have destroyed the bright illusions of my
fancy; and, by disposing of yourself too precipitately, have antedated an eternity of
torment for two hearts, whom a mutual and perfect love might have conducted to
perpetual bliss.
He concluded this explanation with such evident marks of unfeigned agony,
that Blanche was affected by his words. She had no longer any hesitation about his
innocence. At first her joy was unbounded at the conviction; but then again a sense of
their cruel circumstances gained the ascendant over her mind. Ah! my honoured lord,
said she to the prince, after such a determination of our destinies, you only inflict a
new pang by informing me that you were not to blame. What have I done, wretched as
I am? My keen resentment has betrayed me into error. I fancied myself cast off; and in
the moment of my anger, accepted the hand of the constable, whose addresses my
father promoted. But the crime is all my own, though the woes are mutual. Alas! In
the very conjuncture when I accused you of deceiving me, it was by my own act, too
credulously impassioned as I was, that the ties were broken, which I had sworn for
ever to make indissoluble. Take your revenge, my lord, in your turn. Indulge your
hatred against the ungrateful Blanche. . . . Forget . . . . What! and is it in my power
then, madam? interrupted Enriquez with a dejected air: how is it possible to tear a
passion from my heart, which even your injustice had not the power of extinguishing?
Yet it becomes necessary for you to make that effort, my liege, replied the daughter of
Siffredi, with a deep sigh . . . . And shall you be equal to that effort yourself? replied
the king. I am not confident with myself for my success, answered she: but I shall
spare no pains in the attainment of my object. Ah! unfeeling fair one, said the prince,
you will easily banish Enriquez from your remembrance, since you can contemplate
such a purpose so steadfastly. Whither then does your imagination lead? said Blanche,

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in a more decisive tone. Do you flatter yourself that I can permit the continuance of
your tender assiduities? No, my lord, banish that hope for ever from your thoughts. If
I was not born for royalty, neither has heaven formed me to be degraded by illicit
addresses. My husband, like yourself, my liege, is allied to the noble house of Anjou.
Though the call of duty were less peremptory, in opposing an insurmountable obstacle
to your insidious proposals, a sense of pride would hinder me from admitting them. I
conjure you to withdraw: we must meet no more. What a barbarous sentence!
exclaimed the king. Ah! Blanche, is it possible that you should treat me with so much
severity? Is it not enough then to weigh me down, that the constable should be in
possession of your charms? And yet you would cut me off from the bare sight of you,
the only comfort which remains to me! For that very reason avoid my presence,
answered Siffredi's daughter, not without some tears of tenderness. The contemplation
of what we have dearly loved is no longer a blessing, when we have lost all hope of
the possession. Adieu, my lord! Shun my very image. You owe that exertion to your
own honour and to my good name. I claim it also for my own peace of mind: for to
deal sincerely, though my virtue should be steady enough to combat with the
suggestions of my heart, the very remembrance of your affection stirs up so cruel a
conflict, that it is almost too much for my frail nature to support the shock.
Her utterance of these words was attended with so energetic an action, as to
overset the light placed on a table behind her, and its fall left the room in darkness.
Blanche picked it up. She then opened the door of the ante-chamber, and went to
Nisa's closet, who was not yet gone to bed, for the purpose of lighting it again. She
was now returning, after having accomplished her errand. The king, who was waiting
for her impatiently, no sooner saw her approach, than he resumed his ardent plea with
her, to allow of his attentions. At the prince's voice, the constable rushed impetuously,
sword in hand, into the room, almost at the same moment with his bride. Advancing
up to Enriquez with all the indignation which his fury kindled within him: This is too
much, tyrant, cried he; flatter not yourself that I am cowardly enough to bear with this
affront, which you have offered to my honour. Ay! traitor, answered the king,
standing on his guard, lay aside the vain imagination of being able to compass your
purpose with impunity. With these mutual taunts, they entered on a conflict, too
violent to be long undecided. The constable, fearing lest Siffredi and his attendants
should be roused too soon by the piercing shrieks of Blanche, and should interpose
between him and his revenge, took no care of himself. His frenzy robbed him of all
skill. He fenced so heedlessly, as to run headlong on his adversary's sword. The
weapon entered his body up to the hilt. He fell; and the king instantaneously checked
his hand.
The daughter of Leontio, touched at her husband's condition, and rising
superior to her natural repugnance, threw herself on the ground, and was anxious to
afford him every assistance. But that ill-fated bridegroom was too deeply prejudiced
against her, to allow himself to be softened by the evidences she gave of her sorrow
and her pity. Death, whose hand he felt upon him, could not stifle the transports of his
jealousy. In these his last moments, no image presented itself to his mind but his
rival's success. So insufferable was that idea to him, that, collecting together the little
strength he had left, he raised his sword, which he still grasped convulsively, and
plunged it deep in Blanche's bosom. Die, said he, as he inflicted the fatal wound; die,
faithless bride, since the ties of wedlock were not strong enough to preserve to me the
vow which you had sworn upon the altar. And as for you, Enriquez, pursued he,
triumph not too loudly on your destinies. You are prevented from taking advantage of
my froward fortune; and I die content. Scarcely did these words quiver on his lips,

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when he breathed his last. His countenance, overcast as it was with the shades of
death, had still something in it of fierceness and of terror. That of Blanche presented a
quite different aspect. The wound she had received was mortal. She fell on the
scarcely breathing body of her husband: and the blood of the innocent victim flowed
in the same stream with that of her murderer, who had executed his cruel purpose so
suddenly, that the king could not prevent it from taking effect.
This ill-fated prince uttered a cry at the sight of Blanche as she fell. Pierced
deeper than herself by the stab which deprived her of life, he did his utmost to afford
the same relief to her as she had offered, though at so fatal an expense, to one who
might have rewarded her better. But she addressed him in these words, while the last
breath quivered on her lips: My lord, your assiduities are fruitless, I am the victim.
Merciless fate demands me, and I resign myself to death. May the anger of heaven be
appeased by the sacrifice, and the prosperity of your reign be confirmed. As she was
with difficulty uttering these last words, Leontio, drawn thither by the reverberation of
her shrieks, came into the room; and, thunderstruck at the dreadful scene before him,
remained fixed to the spot where he stood. Blanche, without noticing his presence,
went on addressing herself to the king. Farewell, prince, said she; cherish my memory
with the tenderness it deserves. My affection and my misfortunes entitle me at least to
that. Harbour no aversion to my father; he is innocent. Be a comfort to his remaining
days; assuage his grief; acknowledge his fidelity. Above all, convince him of my
spotless virtue. With this I charge you, before every other consideration. Farewell, my
dear Enriquez . . . . I am dying. Receive my last sigh.
Here her words were intercepted by the approach of death. For some time the
king maintained a sullen silence. At length he said to Siffredi, whose senses seemed to
be locked up in a mortal trance: Behold, Leontio; feed on the contemplation of your
own work. In this tragical event, you may ruminate on the issue of your officious
cares, and your overweening zeal for my service. The old man returned no answer, so
deeply was he penetrated by his affliction. But wherefore dwell on the description of
circumstances, when the powers of language must sink under the weight of such a
catastrophe? Suffice it to say, that they mutually poured forth their sorrows in the
most affecting terms, as soon as their grief allowed them to give vent to its effusions
in speech.
Through the whole course of his life, the king cherished a tender recollection
of his mistress. He could not bring himself to marry Constance. The infant Don Pedro
combined with that princess, and by their joint efforts, an obstinate attempt was made
to carry the will of Roger into execution; but they were compelled in the end to give
way to Prince Enriquez, who gained the ascendancy over all his enemies. As for
Siffredi, the melancholy he contracted from having been the cause of destruction to
his dearest friends, gave him a disgust to the world, and made a longer abode in his
native country insupportable. He turned his back on Sicily for ever; and, coming over
into Spain with Portia, his surviving daughter, purchased this mansion. He lived here
nearly fifteen years after the death of Blanche, and had the consolation, before his
own death, of establishing Portia in the world. She married Don Jerome de Silva, and
I am the only issue of that marriage. Such, pursued the widow of Don Pedro de
Penares, is the story of my family; a faithful recital of the melancholy events
represented in that picture, which was painted by order of my grandfather Leontio, as
a record to his posterity of the fatal adventure I have related.

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CH. V. -- The behaviour of Aurora de Guzman on her arrival at Salamanca.

ORTIZ, her companions, and myself, after having heard this tale, withdrew
together from the hall, where we left Aurora with Elvira. There they lengthened out
the remainder of the day in a mutual intercourse of confidence. They were not likely
to be weary of each other: and on the following morning, when we took our leave,
there was as much to do to part them, as if they had been two friends brought up in the
closest habits of confidence and affection.
In due time we reached Salamanca without any impediment. There we
immediately engaged a ready-furnished house, and Dame Ortiz, as it had been before
agreed, assumed the name of Donna Kimena de Guzman. She had played the part of a
duenna too long not to be able to shift her character according to circumstances. One
morning she went out with Aurora, a waiting-maid and a man- servant, and betook
herself to a lodging-house, where we had been informed that Pacheco most commonly
took up his abode. She asked if there was any lodging to be let there. The answer was
in the affirmative; and they showed her into a room in very neat condition, which she
hired. She paid down earnest to the landlady, telling her that it was for one of her
nephews who .was coming from Toledo to finish his studies at Salamanca, and might
be expected on that very day.
The duenna and my mistress, after having made sure of this apartment, went
back the way they came, and the lovely Aurora, without loss of time, metamorphosed
herself into a spruce young spark. She concealed her black ringlets under a braid of
light- coloured hair, the better to disguise herself; . . . . manufactured her eyebrows to
correspond, and dressed herself up in such a costume, as to look for all the world as if
her sex were of a piece with her appearance. Her deportment was free and easy; so
that, with the exception of her face, which was somewhat more delicate than became
the manly character, there was nothing to lead to a discovery of her masquerading.
The waiting-woman who was to officiate as page, got into her paraphernalia at the
same time, and we had no apprehension respecting her competency to perform her
part. There was no danger of her beauty telling any tales; and besides, she could put
on as brazen-faced a swagger as the most impudent dog in town. After dinner, our two
actresses, finding themselves in cue to make their first appearance on the stage, where
the scene was laid in the ready-furnished lodging, took me along with them. We all
three placed ourselves in the coach, and carried with us all the baggage we were likely
to have occasion for.
The landlady, Bernarda Ramirez by name, welcomed us with a glut of civility,
and led the way to our room, where we began to make arrangements with her. We
concluded a bargain for our board by the month, which she undertook should be
suitable to our condition. Then we asked if she had her complement of boarders. I
have none at all at present, answered she. Not that there would be any want of enough,
if I was of the mind to take in all sorts of people: but young men of fashion are the
thing for me. I expect one of that description this morning: he is coming hither from
Madrid to complete his education. Don Lewis Pacheco! But you must have heard of
him before now. No, said Aurora, I have no acquaintance whatever with the
gentleman; and since we are to be inmates together, you will do me a kindness by
letting me a little into his character. Please your honour, replied the landlady, leering
at this outside of a man, his figure is as taking as your own; just the same sort of
make, and about the same size. Oh! how well you will do together! By St James,
though I say it who should not say it, I shall have about me two of the prettiest young
fellows in all Spain. Well, but about Don Lewis! for my mistress was in a fidget to ask

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the grand question. Of course; . . . . he is well with the ladies in your parts! Enough of
. . . . of love affairs . . . . on his hands! Oh! do not you be afraid of that, rejoined the
old lady; it is a forward sprig of gallantry, take my word for it. He has but to shew
himself before the works, and the citadel sends to capitulate. Among the number of
his conquests, he has got into the good graces of a lady, with as much youth and
beauty as he will know what to do with. Her name is Isabella. Her father is an old
doctor of laws. She is over head and ears in love with him; absolutely out of her wits!
Well, but do tell me now, my dear little woman, interrupted Aurora, as if she was
ready to burst, is he out of his wits too? He used to be very fond of her, answered
Bernarda Ramirez, before he went last to Madrid: but whether he holds in the same
mind still, I will not venture to say; because on these points he is not altogether to be
trusted. He is apt to flirt, first with one woman, and then with another, just as all you
young deceivers take pleasure in doing. You are all alike!
The bonny widow had scarcely got to the end of her harangue, before we
heard a noise in the court. On looking out at the window, behold! there appeared two
young men dismounting from their steeds. Who should it be, but the identical Don
Lewis Pacheco, just arrived from Madrid with a servant behind him. The old lady
brushed off to go and usher him in; while my mistress was putting herself in order, not
without some palpitation of heart, to enact Don Felix to the best of her conceptions.
Without waiting for any formalities, in marched Don Lewis to our apartment in his
travelling dress. I have just been informed, said he, paying his respects to Aurora, that
a young nobleman of Toledo takes up his abode in this house. May I take the liberty
of expressing my joy in the circumstance, and hoping that we may be better
acquainted? During my mistress's reply to this compliment, it seemed to me as if
Pacheco did not know what to make of so smock-faced a young spark. Indeed he
could not refrain from declaring a more than ordinary admiration of an air and figure
so attractive. After abundance of discourse, with every demonstration of reciprocal
good breeding, Don Lewis withdrew to the apartment provided for him.
While he was getting his boots off and changing his dress and linen, a sort of a
page, on the look-out after him to deliver a letter, met Aurora by chance on the
staircase. Her he mistook for Don Lewis. Thinking he had found the right owner for
this tender message, of which he was the Mercury -- Softly! my honoured lord and
master, said he, though I have not the honour of knowing Signor Pacheco, there can
be no occasion for asking whether you are the man. It is impossible to be mistaken in
the guess. No, my friend, answered my mistress with a most happy presence of mind,
assuredly you are not mistaken. You acquit yourself of your embassies to a marvel. I
am Don Lewis Pacheco. You may retire! I will find an opportunity of sending an
answer. The page vanished, and Aurora shutting herself up with her waiting-maid and
me, opened the letter, and read to us as follows: -- "I have just heard of your being at
Salamanca. With what joy did I receive the news! I thought I should have gone out of
my senses. But do you love Isabella as well as ever? Lose no time in assuring her that
you are still the same. In good truth, she will almost expire with pleasure when once
she is assured of your constancy."
This is a mighty passionate epistle, said Aurora. The heart that indited it has
been caught in a trap. This lady is a rival of no mean capacity. No pains must be
spared to wean Don Lewis from her, and even to prevent any future interview. The
undertaking is difficult, I acknowledge, and yet there seems no reason to despair of
the result. My mistress, taking her own hint, fell into a fit of musing; from which
having recovered as soon as she fell into it, she added -- I will lay a wager they are at
daggers drawn in less than twenty-four hours. It so happened that Pacheco, after a

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short repose in his apartment, came to look after us in ours, and entered once more
into conversation with Aurora before supper. My dapper little knight, said he with a
rakish air, I fancy the poor devils of husbands and lovers will have no reason to hug
themselves on your arrival at Salamanca. You will make their hearts ache for them.
As for myself, I tremble for all my snug arrangements. I tell you what! answered my
mistress with congenial spirit, your fears are not without their foundation. Don Felix
de Mendoza is rather formidable, so take care what you are about. This is not my first
visit in this country, the ladies hereabouts, to my knowledge, are made of penetrable
materials. About a month ago my way happened to lie through this city. I halted for
eight days, and you are to know . . . . but you must not mention it . . . . that I set fire to
the daughter of an old doctor of laws.
It was evident enough that Don Lewis was disturbed by this declaration. Might
one without impropriety, replied he, just ask the lady's name? What do you mean by
impropriety? exclaimed the pretended Don Felix. Why make any secret about such a
matter as that? Do you think me more of a Joseph than other young noblemen of my
standing? Have a better opinion of my spirit. Besides, the object, between ourselves,
is unworthy of any great reserve, she is but a little mushroom of the lower ranks. A
man of fashion never quarrels with his conscience about such obscure gallantries, and
even thinks it an honour conferred on a tradesman's wife or daughter when he leaves
her without any. I shall therefore acquaint you in plain terms, that the name of the
doctor's daughter is Isabella. And the doctor himself, interrupted Pacheco impatiently.
he possibly may be Signor Marcia de la Liana? Precisely so, replied my mistress.
Here is a letter sent me just now. Read it, and then you will see how deeply your
humble servant has dipped into her good graces. Don Lewis just cast his eye upon the
note, and recognizing the handwriting, was struck dumb with astonishment and
vexation. What is the matter? cried Aurora, with an air of surprise, keeping up the
spirit of her assumed character. You change colour! God forgive me, but you are a
party concerned in this young lady. Ah! Plague take my officious tongue for having
opened my affairs to you with so much frankness.
I am very much obliged to you for it for my own part, said Don Lewis in a
transport made up of spite and rage. Traitress! Jilt! My dear Don Felix, how shall I
ever requite you! You have restored me to my senses when they were just on the wing
for an eternal flight. I was tickling myself into a fool's paradise of credulous love. But
love is too cold a term to express my extravagancies. I fancied myself adored by
Isabella. The creature had wormed her self into my heart by feigning to give me her
own. But now I know her clearly for a coquette, and as such despise her as she
deserves. Your feelings on the occasion do you infinite credit, said Aurora, testifying
a friendly sympathy in his resentment. A plodding pettifogger's worthless brood might
have gorged to surfeit on the love of a young nobleman so captivating as yourself. Her
fickleness is inexcusable. So far from taking her sacrifice of you in good part, it is my
determination to punish her by the keenest contempt. As for me, rejoined Pacheco, I
shall never set eyes on her again; and if that is not revenge, the devil is in it. You are
in the right, exclaimed our masquerading Mendoza. At the same time, that she may
fully understand how ineffably we both disdain her, I vote for sitting down, each of
us, and writing her a sarcastic farewell. They shall be enclosed in one cover, and serve
as an answer to her own letter. But do not let us proceed to this extremity till you have
examined your heart; it may be you will repent hereafter of having broken off with
Isabella. No, no, interrupted Don Lewis, I am not such a fool as that comes to; let it be
a bargain, and we will mortify the ungrateful wretch as you propose.

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I immediately sent for pen, ink, and paper, when they sat themselves down at
opposite corners of the table, and drew up a most tender bill of indictment against
Doctor Murcia de la Llana's daughter. Pacheco, in particular, was at a loss for
language forcible enough to convey his sentiments in all their acrimony; away went
exordium after exordium, to the tearing and maiming of five or six fair sheets, before
the words looked crooked enough to please his jealous eyes. At length, however, he
produced an epistle which came up with his most tragical conceptions. It ran thus --
"Self-knowledge is a leading branch of wisdom, my little philosopher. As a candidate
for a professor's chair, lay aside the vanity of fancying yourself amiable. It requires
merit of a far different compass to fix my affections. You have not enough of the
woman about you to afford me even a temporary amusement. Yet do not despair, you
have a sphere of your own, the beggarly servitors in our university have a keen
appetite, but no very distinguishing palate." So much for this elegant epistle! When
Aurora had finished hers, which rang the changes on similar topics, she sealed them,
wrapped them up together, and giving me the packet -- There, Gil Blas, said she, take
care that comes to Isabella's hands this very evening. You comprehend me! added she,
with a glance from the corner of her eye, which admitted of no doubtful construction.
Yes, my lord, answered I, your commands shall be executed to a tittle.
I lost no time in taking my departure; no sooner in the street than I said to
myself -- So ho! Master Gil Blas, your part then is that of the intriguing footman in
this comedy. Well! so be it, my friend! shew that you have wit and sense enough to
top it over the favourite actor of the day. Signor Don Felix thinks a wink as good as a
nod. A high compliment to the quickness of your apprehension! Is he then in an error?
No. His hint is as clear as daylight. Don Lewis's letter is to drop its companion by the
way. A lucid exposition of a dark hieroglyphic, enough to shame the dulness of the
commentators. The sacredness of a seal could never stand against this bright
discovery. Out came the single letter of Pacheco, and away went I to hunt after Doctor
Murcia's abode. At the very threshold, whom should I meet but the little page who
had been at our lodging. Comrade, said I, do not you happen to live with the great
lawyer's daughter? His answer was in the affirmative. I see by your countenance,
resumed I, that you know the ways of the world. May I beg the favour of you to slip
this little memorandum into your mistress's hand?
The little page asked me on whose behalf I was a messenger. The name of
Don Lewis Pacheco had no sooner escaped my lips, than he told me -- Since that is
the case, follow me. I have orders to shew you up. Isabella wants to confer with you. I
was introduced at once into a private apartment, where it was not long before the lady
herself made her appearance. The beauty of her face was inexpressibly striking; I do
not recollect to have seen more lovely features. Her manner was somewhat mincing
and infantine, yet for all that it had been thirty good years at least since she had
mewled and puked in her nurse's arms. My friend, said she with an encouraging smile,
are you on Don Lewis Pacheco's establishment? I told her I had been in office for
these three weeks. With this I fired off my paper popgun against her peace. She read it
over two or three times, but if she had rubbed her eyes till doomsday she would have
seen no clearer. In point of fact, nothing could be more unexpected than so cavalier an
answer. Up went her eyes towards the heavens, appealing to their rival luminaries.
The ivory fences* of her pretty mouth committed alternate trespass on her soft and
suffering lips; and her whole physiognomy bore witness to the pangs of her distressed
and disappointed heart. Then coming to herself a little, and recovering her speech --
My friend, said she, has Don Lewis taken leave of his senses? Tell me, if you can, his

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motive for so heroic an epistle. If he is tired of me, well and good, but he might have
taken his leave like a gentleman.
Madam, said I, my master most assuredly has not acted as I should have acted
in his place. But he has in some sort been compelled to do as he has done. If you
would give me your word to keep the secret, I could unravel the whole mystery. You
have it at once, interrupted she with eagerness; depend on it you shall be brought into
no scrape by me, therefore explain yourself without reserve. Well, then! replied I, the
fact is, without paraphrase, circumlocution, loss of time, or perplexity of
understanding, as I shall distinctly state in two short words -- Not half a minute after
the receipt of your letter, there came into our house a lady, under a veil as
impenetrable as her purpose was dark. She inquired for Signor Pacheco, and talked
with him in private for some time. At the close of the conversation, I overheard her
saying -- You swear to me never to see her more; but we must not stop there, to set
my heart completely at rest you must instantly write her a farewell letter of my
dictating. You know my terms. Don Lewis did as she desired, then giving the result
into my custody -- Acquaint yourself; said he, where Doctor Murcia de la Liana lives,
and contrive to administer this love potion to his daughter Isabella.
You see plainly, madam, pursued I, that this uncivil epistle is a rival's
handiwork, and that consequently my master is not so much to blame as he appears.
Oh, heaven! exclaimed she, he is more so than I was aware of. His words might have
been the error of his hand, but his infidelity is the offence of his heart. Faithless man!
Now he is held by other ties . . . . But, added she, assuming an air of disdain, let him
devote himself unconstrained to his new passion; I shall never cross him. Tell him,
however, that he need not have insulted me. I should have left the course open to my
rival, without his warning me from the field: for so fickle a lover has not soul enough
about him to pay for the degradation of soliciting his return. With this sentiment she
gave me my dismissal, and retired in a whirlwind of passion against Don Lewis.
My exit was conducted entirely to my own satisfaction, for I conceived that
with due cultivation of my talent I might in time become a consummate hypocrite and
most successful cheat. I returned home on the strength of it, where I found my worthy
masters, Mendoza and Pacheco, supping together, and rattling away as if they had
been playfellows from their cradles. Aurora saw at once, by myself-sufficient air, that
her commission had not been neglected in my hands. Here you are again then, Gil
Blas, said she, give us an account of your embassy. Wit and invention was all I had to
trust to, so I told them I had delivered the packet into Isabella's own hands; who, after
having glanced over the contents of the two letters, so far from seeming disconcerted,
burst into a fit of laughter, as if she had been mad, and said -- Upon my word, our
young men of fashion write in a pretty style. It must be owned they are much more
entertaining than scribes of plebeian rank. It was a very good way of getting out of the
scrape, exclaimed my mistress, she must be an arrant coquette. For my part, said Don
Lewis, I cannot trace a feature of Isabella in this conduct. Her character must have
been completely metamorphosed in my absence. She struck me too in a very different
light, replied Aurora. It must be allowed some women can assume all modes and
fashions at will. I was once in love with one of that description, and a fine dance she
led me. Gil Blas can tell you the whole story! She had an air of propriety about her
which might have imposed upon a whole synod of old maids. It is true, said I, putting
in my oar; it was a face to play the devil with a sworn bachelor, I could scarcely have
been proof against it myself.
The personated Mendoza and Pacheco shouted with laughter at my manner of
expressing myself; the one for the false witness I bore against a culprit of my own

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creation; the other laughed simply at the phrase in which my anathema was couched.
We wait on talking about the versatility of women, and the verdict, after hearing the
evidence, all on one side, was given against Isabella. A convicted coquette! and
sentence passed on her accordingly. Don Lewis made a fresh vow never to see her
more and Don Felix, after his example, swore to hold her in eternal abhorrence. By
dint of these mutual protestations a sort of friendship was established on the spur of
the occasion, and they promised on both sides to keep -- no secrets from each other.
The time after supper passed in ingratiating intercourse, and the time seemed short till
they retired to their separate apartments. I followed Aurora to hers, where I gave her a
faithful account of my conversation with the Doctor's daughter, not forgetting the
most trivial circumstance. She had much ado to help kissing me for joy. My dear Gil
Blas, said she, I am delighted with your spirit. When one has the misfortune to be
engaged in a passion not to be gratified but by stratagems, what an advantage is it to
secure on the right side a lad of so enterprising a genius as yourself. Courage, my
friend, we have thrown a rival into the background, whose presence in the scene
might have marred our comedy. So far, all is well. But as lovers are subject to strange
vagaries, it seems to me that we must make short work of it, and bring Aurora de
Guzman on the stage to-morrow. The idea met with my entire approbation; so leaving
Signor Don Felix with his page, I withdrew to bed in an adjoining closet.
*Note: "Ivory fences": Should this phrase appear far-fetched in the person of
Gil Blas, it may be recollected, that though not much of a student himself, he had
waited on students; and might have sucked in, while standing behind their chairs,
along with "fates and destinies, and such old sayings, the sisters three, and such
branches of learning," that exquisitely characteristic Greek metaphor -- "a hedge of
teeth." -- TRANSLATOR.

CH. VI. -- Aurora's devices to secure Don Lewis Pacheco's affections.

THE two new friends met as soon as they came down in the morning. The
ceremonies of the day began with reciprocal embraces, about which it was impossible
for Aurora to be squeamish, for then Don Felix must have dropped the mask
altogether. They went out and walked about town arm in arm, attended by Chilindron,
Don Lewis's footman, and myself. We loitered about the gates of the university,
looking at some posting bills and advertisements of new publications. There were a
good many people amusing themselves, like us, with reading over the contents of
these placards. Among the rest my eye was caught by a little fellow, who was giving
his opinion very learnedly on the works exposed to sale. I observed him to be heard
with profound attention, and could not help remarking how amply he deserved it in
his own opinion. He was evidently a complete coxcomb, of an arrogant and dictatorial
stamp, the common curse of your gentry under size. This new translation of Horace,
said he, announced here to the public in letters of a yard long, is a prose work,
executed by an old college author. The students have taken a great fancy to the book;
so as to carry off four editions. But not a copy has been bought by any man of taste!
His criticisms were scarcely more candid on any of the other books; he mauled them
every one without mercy. It was easy enough to see he was an author! I should not
have been sorry to have staid out his harangue, but Don Lewis and Don Felix were not
to be left in the lurch. Now they took as little pleasure in this gentleman's remarks as
they felt interest in the books which he was Scaligerising, so that they took a quiet
leave of him and the university.
We returned home at dinner-time. My mistress sat down at table with Pacheco,
and dexterously turned the conversation on her private concerns. My father, said she,

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is a younger branch of the Mendoza family, settled at Toledo, and my mother is own
sister to Donna Kimena de Guzman, who came to Salamanca some days ago on an
affair of business, with her niece Aurora, only daughter of Don Vincent de Guzman,
whom possibly you might be acquainted with. No, answered Don Lewis, but I have
often heard of him, as well as of your cousin Aurora. Is it true what they say of her?
Her wit and beauty are reported to be unrivalled. As for wit, replied Don Felix, she
certainly is not wanting, for she has taken great pains to cultivate her mind. But her
beauty is by no means to be boasted of; indeed, we are thought to be very much alike.
If that is the case, exclaimed Pacheco, she cannot be behindhand with her reputation.
Your features are regular, your complexion almost too fine for a man; your cousin
must be an absolute enchantress. I should like to see and converse with her. That you
shall, if I have any interest in the family, and this very day too, replied the little
Proteus of a Mendoza. We will go and see my aunt after dinner.
My mistress took the first opportunity of changing the topic, and conversing
on indifferent subjects. In the afternoon, while the two friends were getting ready to
go and call on Donna Kimena, I played the scout, and ran before to prepare the
duenna for her visitors. But there was no time to be lost on my return, for Don Felix
was waiting for me to attend Don Lewis and him on their way to his aunt's. No sooner
had they stepped over the threshold than they were encountered by the adroit old lady,
making signs to them to walk as softly as possible. Hush! hush! said she, in a low
voice, you will waken my niece. Ever since yesterday she has had a dreadful
headache, but is just now a little better; and the poor girl has been taking a little sleep
for the last quarter of an hour. I am sorry for this unlucky accident, said Mendoza, I
was in hopes we should have seen my cousin. Besides, I meant to have introduced my
friend Pacheco. There is no such great hurry on that account, answered Ortiz with a
significant smile, and if that is all, you may defer it till to-morrow. The gentlemen did
not trouble the old lady with a long visit, but took their leave as soon as they decently
could.
Don Lewis took us to see a young gentleman of his acquaintance, by name
Don Gabriel de Pedros. There we stayed the remainder of the day, and took our
suppers. About two o'clock in the morning we sallied forth on our return home. We
had got about half-way, when we stumbled against something on the ground, and
discovered two men stretched at their length in the street. We concluded they had
fallen under the knife of the assassin, and stopped to assist them, if yet within reach of
assistance. As we were looking about to inform ourselves of their condition, as nearly
as the darkness of the night would allow, the patrole came up. The officer took us at
first for the murderers, and ordered his people to surround us; but he mended his
opinion of us on the sound of our voices, and by favour of a dark lantern held up to
the faces of Mendoza and Pacheco. His myrmidons, by his direction, examined the
two men, whom our fancies had painted as in the agonies of death, but it turned out to
be a fat licentiate with his servant, both of them overtaken in their cups, and not dead,
but dead drunk. Gentlemen, exclaimed one of the posse, this jolly fellow is an
acquaintance of mine. What! do you not know Signor Guyomer the licentiate, head of
our university? With all his imperfections he is a great character, a man of superior
genius. He is as staunch as a hound at a philosophical dispute, and his words flow like
a gutter after a hail-storm. He has but three foibles in which he indulges; intoxication,
litigation, and fornication. He is now returning from supper at his Isabella's, whence,
the more is the pity, the drunk was leading the drunk, and they both fell into the
kennel. Before the good licentiate came to the headship this happened continually.
Though manners make the man, honours, you perceive, do not always mend the

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manners. We left these drunkards in custody of the patrole, who carried them safe
home, and betook ourselves to our lodging and our beds.
Don Felix and Don Lewis were stirring about mid-day. Aurora de Guzman
was the first topic of their conversation. Gil Blas, said my mistress to me, run to my
aunt, Donna Kimena, and ask if there is any admission for Signor Pacheco and me to-
day, we want to see my cousin. Off I went to acquit myself of this commission, or
rather to concert the plan of the campaign with the duenna. We had no sooner laid our
heads together to the purpose intended, than I was once more at the elbow of the false
Mendoza. Sir, quoth I, your cousin Aurora has got about wonderfully. She enjoined
me from her own lips to acquaint you, that your visit could not be otherwise than
highly acceptable, and Donna Kimena desired me to assure Signor Pacheco, that any
friend of yours would always meet with an hospitable reception.
These last words evidently tickled Don Lewis's fancy. My mistress saw that
the bait was swallowed, and prepared herself to haul the prey to shore. Just before
dinner, a servant made his appearance from Signora Kimena, and said to Don Felix --
My lord, a man from Toledo has been inquiring after you, and has left this note at
your aunt's house. The pretended Mendoza opened it, and read the contents aloud to
the following effect -- "If your father and family still live in your remembrance, and
you wish to hear of their concerns, do not fail, on the receipt of this, to call at the
Black Horse, near the university." I am too much interested, said he, in these proffered
communications, not to satisfy my curiosity at once. Without ceremony, Pacheco, you
must excuse me for the present; if I am not back again here within two hours, you
may find your way by yourself to my aunt's; I will join the party in the evening. You
recollect Gil Blas' message from Donna Kimena, the visit is no more than what will
be expected from you. After having thrown out this hint, he left the room, and ordered
me to follow him.
It can scarcely be necessary to apprize the reader, that instead of marching
down to the Black Horse, we filed off to our other quarters. The moment that we got
within doors, Aurora tore off her artificial hair, washed the charcoal from her
eyebrows, resumed her female attire, and shone in all her natural charms, a lovely
dark-complexioned girl. So complete indeed had been her disguise that Aurora and
Don Felix could never have been suspected of identity. The lady seemed to have the
advantage of the gentleman even in stature, thanks to a good high pair of heels, to
which she was not a little indebted. It was her first business to heighten her personal
graces with all the embellishments of art; after which she looked out for Don Lewis,
in a state of agitation, compounded of fear and of hope. One instant she felt confident
in her wit and beauty; the next she anticipated the failure of her attempt. Ortiz, on her
part, set her best foot foremost, and was determined to play up to my mistress. As for
me, Pacheco was not to see my knave's face till the last act of the farce, for which the
great actors are always reserved, to unravel the intricacy of the plot; so I went out
immediately after dinner.
In short, the puppet-show was all adjusted against Don Lewis's arrival. He
experienced a very gracious reception from the old lady, in amends for whose
tediousness he was blessed with two or three hours of Aurora's delightful
conversation. When they had been together long enough, in popped I, with a message
to the enamoured spark. My lord, my master Don Felix begs you ten thousand
pardons, but he cannot have the pleasure of waiting on you here this evening. He is
with three men of Toledo, from whom he cannot possibly get away. Oh! the wicked
little rogue, exclaimed Donna Kimena; as sure as a gun then he is going to make a
night of it. No, madam, replied I, they are deeply engaged in very serious business. He

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is really distressed that he cannot pay his respects, and commissioned me to say
everything proper to your ladyship and Donna Aurora. Oh! I will have none of his
excuses, pouted out my mistress, he knows very well that I have been indisposed, and
might shew some slight degree of feeling for so near a relation. As a punishment, he
shall not come near me for this fortnight. Nay, madam, interposed Don Lewis, such a
sentence is too severe. Don Felix's fate is but too pitiable, in having been deprived of
your society this evening.
They bandied about their fine speeches on these little topics of gallantry for
some time, and then Pacheco withdrew. The lovely Aurora metamorphosed herself in
a twinkling, and resumed her swashing outside. The grass did not grow under her feet
while she was running to the other lodging. I have a million of apologies to make, my
dear friend, said she to Don Lewis, for not giving you the meeting at my aunt's; but
there was no getting rid of the tiresome people I was with. However, there is one
comfort, you have had so much the more leisure to look about you, and criticise my
cousin's beauty. Well! and how do you like her! She is a most lovely creature,
answered Pacheco. You were in the right to claim a resemblance to her. I never saw
more correspondent features; the very same cast of countenance, the eyes exactly
alike, the mouth evidently a family feature, and the tone of voice scarcely to be
distinguished. The likeness, however, goes no further, for Aurora is taller than you,
she is brown and you are fair, you are a jolly fellow, she has a little touch of the
demure; so that you are not altogether the male and female Sosias. As for good sense,
continued he, if an angel from heaven were to whisper wisdom in one ear, and your
cousin her mortal chit-chat in the other, I am afraid the angel might whistle for an
audience. In a word, Aurora is all-accomplished.
Signor Pacheco uttered these last words with so earnest an expression, that
Don Felix said with a smile -- My friend, I advise you to stay away from Donna
Kimena's, it will be more for your peace of mind. Aurora de Guzman may set your
wits a wandering, and inspire a passion . . . .
I have no need of seeing her again, interrupted he, to become distractedly
enamoured of her. I am sorry for you, replied the pretended Mendoza, for you are not
a man to be seriously caught, and my cousin is not to be made a fool of; take my word
for it. She would never encourage a lover whose designs were otherwise than
honourable. Otherwise than honourable! retorted Don Lewis; who could have the
audacity to form such on a lady of her rank and character? As for me, I should esteem
myself the happiest of mankind, could she be prevailed on to favour my addresses,
and link her fate with mine.
Since those are your sentiments, rejoined Don Felix, you may command my
services. Yes, I will go heart and hand with you in the business. All my interest in
Aurora shall be yours; and by to-morrow morning I will commence an attack on my
aunt, whose good word has more influence than you may think. Pacheco returned his
thanks with the best air possible to this young go-between, and we were all agog at the
promising appearance of our stratagem. On the following day we found the means of
heightening the dramatic effect by entangling the plot a little more. My mistress, after
having waited on Donna Kimena, as if to speak a good word in favour of the suitor,
came back with the result of the interview. I have spoken to my aunt, said she, but it
was as much as I could do to make her hear your proposal with patience. She was
primed and loaded against you. Some good-natured friend in the dark has painted you
out for a reprobate; but I took your part with some little quickness, and at length
succeeded in vindicating your moral character from the attack it had sustained.

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This is not all, continued Aurora. You had better enter on the subject with my
aunt in my presence, we shall be able to make something of her between us. Pacheco
was all impatience to insinuate himself into the good graces of Donna Kimena; nor
was the opportunity deferred beyond the next morning. Our amphibious Mendoza
escorted him into the presence of Dame Ortiz, where such a conversation passed
between the trio as put fire and tow to the combustible heart of Don Lewis. Kimena, a
veteran performer, took the cue of sympathy at every expression of tenderness, and
promised the enamoured youth that it should not be her fault if his plea with her niece
was urged in vain. Pacheco threw himself at the feet of so good an aunt, and thanked
her for all her favours. In this stage of the business Don Felix asked if his cousin was
up. No, replied the Duenna, she is still in bed, and is not likely to be down-stairs while
you stay; but call again after dinner, and you shall have a tête-à-tête with her to your
heart's content. It is easy to imagine that so coming on a proposal from the dragon
which was to guard this inaccessible treasure, produced its full complement of joy in
the heart of Don Lewis. The remainder of the long morning had nothing to do but to
be sworn at! He went back to his own lodging with Mendoza, who was not a little
enraptured to observe, with the scrutinizing eye of a mistress under the disguise of a
friend, all the symptoms of an incurable amorous infirmity.
Their tongues ran on no earthly subject but Aurora. When they had done
dinner, Don Felix said to Pacheco -- A thought has just struck me. It would not be
amiss for me to go to my aunt's a few minutes before you; I will get to speak to my
cousin in private, and pry, if it be possible, into every fold and winding of her heart, as
far as your interests are concerned. Don Lewis just chimed in with this idea, so that he
suffered his friend to set out first, and did not follow him till an hour afterwards. My
mistress availed herself so diligently of the interval, that she was tricked out as a lady
from heel to point before the arrival of her lover. I beg pardon . . . . said the poor
abused inamorato, after having paid his compliments to Aurora and the Duenna . . . . I
took it for granted Don Felix would be here. You will see him in a few seconds,
answered Donna Kimena, he is writing in my closet. Pacheco was easily put off with
the excuse, and found his time pass cheerfully in conversation with the ladies. And
yet, notwithstanding the presence of all his soul held dear, it seemed very strange that
hour after hour glided away but no Mendoza stepped forth from the closet! He could
not help remarking, that the gentleman's correspondence must be unusually
voluminous, when Aurora's features all at once assumed the broader contour of a
laugh, with a delightfully provoking question to Don Lewis -- Is it possible that love
can be so blind as not to detect the glaring imposition by which it has been deluded?
Has my real self made so faint an impression on your senses, that a flaxen peruke and
a pencilled eyebrow could carry the farce to such a height as this? But the masquerade
is over now. Pacheco, continued she, resuming an air of gravity; you are to learn that
Don Felix de Mendoza and Aurora de Guzman are but one and the same person.
It was not enough to discover to him all the springs and contrivances by which
he had been duped; she confessed the motives of tender partiality that led her to the
attempt, and detailed the progress of the plot to the winding up of the catastrophe.
Don Lewis scarcely knew whether to be most astonished or delighted at the recital; at
my mistress's feet he thus uttered the transports of his fond applause -- Ah! lovely
Aurora, can I believe myself indeed the happy mortal on whom your favours have
been so lavished? What can I do to make you amends for them? My affection, were
this life eternal, could scarcely pay the price. These pretty speeches were followed by
a thousand others of the same quality and texture; after which the lovers descended a
little nearer to common sense, and began planning the rational and human means of

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arriving at the accomplishment of their wishes. It was resolved that we should set out
without loss of time for Madrid, where marriage was to drop the curtain on the last act
of our comedy. This purpose was executed in the spirit of impatience which
conceived it; so that Don Lewis was united to my mistress in a fortnight, and the
nuptial ceremonies were graced with the usual accompaniments of music, feasting,
balls, and rejoicings, without either end or respite.

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CH. VII -- Gil Blas leaves his place and goes into the service of Don Gonzales
Pacheco.
THREE weeks after marriage, my mistress bethought herself of rewarding the
services I had rendered her. She made me a present of a hundred pistoles, telling me at
the same time -- Gil Blas, my good fellow, it is not that I mean to turn you away, for
you have my free leave to stay here as long as you please; but my husband has an
uncle, Don Gonzales Pacheco, who wants you very much for a valet-de-chambre. I
have given you so excellent a character, that he would let me have no peace till I
consented to part with you. He is a very worthy old nobleman, so that you will be
quite in your element in his family.
I thanked Aurora for all her kindness; and, as my occupation was over about
her, I so much the more readily accepted the post that offered, as it was merely a
transfer from one branch of the Pachecos to another. One morning, therefore, I called
on the illustrious Don Gonzales with a message from the bride. He ought at least to
have over-slept himself; for he was in bed at near noon. When I went into his
chamber, a page had just brought him a basin of soup which he was taking. The
dotard cherished his whiskers, or rather tortured them with curling-papers; though his
eyes were sunk in their sockets, his complexion pale, and his visage emaciated. This
was one of those old codgers who have been a little whimsical or so in their youth,
and have made poor amends for their freedoms by the discretion of their riper age. His
reception of me was affable enough, with an assurance that if my attachment to him
kept pace with my fidelity to his niece, my condition should not be worse than that of
my fellows. I promised to place him in my late mistress's shoes, and became the
working partner in a new firm.
A new firm it undoubtedly was, and heaven knows we had a strange head of
the house. The resurrection of Lazarus was an ordinary event compared to his getting
up. Imagine to yourself a long bag of dry bones, a mere skeleton, a dissection, an
anatomy of a man; a study in osteology! As for the legs, three or four pair of stockings
one over the other, had no room to make any figure upon them. In addition to the
foregoing, this mummy before death was asthmatic, and therefore obliged to divide
the little breath he had between his cough and his loquacity. He breakfasted on
chocolate. On the strength of that refreshment, he ventured to call for pen, ink, and
paper, and to write a short note, which he sealed and sent to its address by the page
who had administered the broth. But this henceforth will be your office, my good lad,
said he, as he turned his haggard eyes upon me; all my little concerns will be in your
hands, and especially those in which Donna Euphrasia takes an interest. That lady is
an enchanting young creature, with whom I am distractedly in love, and by whom,
though I say it who should not say it, I am met with all the mutual ardour of
inextinguishable and unutterable passion.
Heaven defend us! thought I within myself: good now! if this old antidote to
rapture can fancy himself an object on which the fair should waste their sweets, is it
any wonder that among our young folks each fancies himself the Adonis, for whom
every Venus pines? Gil Blas, pursued he with a chuckle, this very day will I take you
to this abode of pleasure; it is my house of call almost every evening for a bit of
supper. You will be quite petrified at her modest appearance, and the rigid propriety
of her behaviour. Far from taking after those little wanton vagrants, who are hey- go-
mad after striplings, and give themselves up to the fascinations of exterior appearance,
she has a proper insight into things, staid, ripe, and judicious: what she wants is the
bonâ fide spirit and discretion of a man; a lover who has served an apprenticeship to

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his trade, in preference to all the flashy fellows of the modern school. This is but an
epitome of the panegyric, which the noble dupe Don Gonzales pronounced upon his
mistress. He burdened himself with the task of proving her a compendium of all
human perfection; but the lecture was little calculated for the conviction of the hearer.
I had attended an experimental course among the actresses; and had always found that
the elderly candidates had been plucked in their amours. Yet, as a matter of courtesy,
it was impossible not to put on the semblance of giving implicit credit to my master's
veracity; I even added chivalry to courtesy, and threw down my glove on Euphrasia's
penetration and the correctness of her taste. My impudence went the length of
asserting, that it was impossible for her to have selected a better-provided crony. The
grown-up simpleton was not aware that I was fumigating his nostrils at the expense of
his addled brain; on the contrary, he bristled at my praises; so true is it, that a flatterer
may play what game he likes against the pigeons of high life! They let you look over
their hand, and then wonder that you beat them.
The old crawler, having scribbled through his billet-doux, restrained the
luxuriance of a straggling hair or two with his tweezers; then bathed his eyes in the
nostrum of some perfumer to give them a brilliancy which their natural gum would
have eclipsed. His ears were to be picked and washed, and his hands to be cleansed
from the effects of his other ablutions; and the labours of the toilette were to be
closed, by pencilling every remaining hair in the disforested domain of his whiskers,
pericranium, and eyebrows. No old dowager, with a purse to buy a second husband,
ever took more pains to assure herself by the cultivation of her charms, that the person
and not the fortune should be the object of attraction. The assassin stab of time was
parried by the quart and tierce of art. Just as he had done making himself up, in came
another old fogram of his acquaintance, by name the Count of Asumar. This genius
made no secret of his grey locks; leant upon a stick, and seemed to plume himself on
his venerable age instead of wishing to appear in the hey-day of his prime. Signor
Pacheco, said he as he came in, I am come to take pot-luck with you to-day. You are
always welcome, count, rejoined my master. No sooner said than done! they
embraced with a thousand grimaces, took their seats opposite to one another, and
began chatting till dinner was served.
Their conversation turned at first upon a bull-feast which had taken place a
few days before. They talked about the cavaliers, and who among them had displayed
most dexterity and vigour; whereupon the old count, like another Nestor, whom
present events furnish with a topic of expatiating on the past, said with a deep-drawn
sigh: Alas! where will you meet with men now-a-days, fit to hold a candle to my
contemporaries? The public diversions are a mere bauble, to what they were when I
was a young man. I could not help chuckling in my sleeve at my good lord of
Asumar's whim; for he did not stop at the handywork of human invention. Would you
believe it? At table, when the fruit was brought in, at the sight of some very fine
peaches, this ungrateful consumer of the earth's produce exclaimed: In my time, the
peaches were of a much larger size than they are now; but nature sinks lower and
lower from day to day. If that is the case, said Don Gonzales with a sneer, Adam's hot
house fruit must have been of a most unwieldy circumference.
The Count of Asumar staid till quite evening with my master, who had no
sooner got rid of him, than he sallied forth with me in his train. We went to
Euphrasia's, who lived within a stone's throw of our house, and found her lodged in a
style of the first elegance. She was tastefully dressed, and for the youthfulness of her
air might have been taken to be in her teens, though thirty bonny summers at least had
poured their harvests in her lap. She had often been reckoned pretty, and her wit was

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exquisite. Neither was she one of your brazen-faced jilts, with nothing but flimsy
balderdash in their talk, and a libertine forwardness in their manners: here was
modesty of carriage as well as propriety of discourse; and she threw out her little
sallies in the most exquisite manner, without seeming to aspire beyond natural good
sense. Oh heaven! said I, is it possible that a creature of so virtuous a stamp by nature
should have abandoned herself to vicious courses for a livelihood? I had taken it for
granted, that all women of light character carried the mark of the beast upon their
foreheads. It was a surprise therefore to see such apparent rectitude of conduct;
neither did it occur to me that these hacks for all customers could go at any pace, and
assume the polish of well-bred society, to impose upon their cullies of the higher
ranks. What if a lively petulance should be the order of the day? they are lively and
petulant. Should modesty take its turn in the round of fashion, nothing can exceed
their outward show of prudent and delicate reserve. They play the comedy of love in
many masks; and are the prude, the coquette, or the virago, as they fall in with the
quiz, the coxcomb, or the bully.
Don Gonzales was a gentleman and a man of taste; he could not stomach those
beauties who call a spade a spade. Such were not for his market; the rites of Venus
must be consummated in the temple of Vesta. Euphrasia had got up her part
accordingly, and proved by her performance that there is no comedy like that of real
life. I left my master, like another Numa with his Egeria, and went down into a hall,
where whom should fortune throw in my way but an old abigail, whom I had formerly
known as maid-of-all- work to an actress? The recognition was mutual. So! well met
once more, Signor Gil Blas, said she. Then you have turned off Arsenia, just as I have
parted with Constance. Yes, truly, answered I, it is a long while ago since I went
away, and exchanged her service for that of a very different lady. Neither the theatre
nor the people about it are to my taste. I gave myself my own discharge, without
condescending to the slightest explanation with Arsenia. You were perfectly in the
right, replied the new-found abigail, called Beatrice. That was pretty much my method
of proceeding with Constance. One morning early, I gave in my accounts with a very
sulky air; she took them from me in moody silence, and we parted in a sort of well-
bred dudgeon.
I am quite delighted, said I, that we have met again, where we need not be
ashamed of our employers. Donna Euphrasia looks for all the world like a woman of
fashion, and I am much deceived if she has not reputation too. You are too clear-
sighted to be deceived, answered the old appendage to sin. She is of a good family;
and as for her temper, I can assure you it is unparalleled for evenness and sweetness.
None of your termagant mistresses, never to be pleased, but always grumbling and
scolding about everything, making the house ring with their clack, and fretting poor
servants to a thread, whose places, in short, are a hell upon earth! I have not in all this
time heard her raise her voice on any occasion whatever. When things happen not to
be done exactly in her way, she sets them to rights without any anger, nor does any of
that bad language escape her lips, of which some high-spirited ladies are so liberal.
My master, too, rejoined I, is very mild in his disposition; the very milk of human
kindness; and in this respect we are, between ourselves, much better off than when we
lived among the actresses. A thousand times better, replied Beatrice; my life used to
be all bustle and distraction; but this place is an actual hermitage. Not a creature
darkens our doors but this excellent Don Gonzales. You will be my only helpmate in
my solitude, and my lot is but too greatly blessed. For this long time have I cherished
an affection for you: and many a time and oft have I begrudged that Laura the felicity
of engrossing you for her sweetheart; but in the end I hope to be even with her. If I

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cannot boast of youth and beauty like hers, to balance the account, I detest coquetry,
and have all the constancy as well as affection of a turtle-dove.
As honest Beatrice was one of those ladies who are obliged to hawk their
wares, and cheapen themselves for want of cheapeners in the market, I was happily
shielded from any temptation to break the commandments. Nevertheless, it might not
have been prudent to let her see in what contempt her charms were held; for which
reason I forced my natural politeness so far, as to talk to her in a style not to cut off all
hope of my more serious advances. I flattered myself then, that I had found favour in
the eyes of an old dresser to the stage: but pride was destined to have a fall, even on
so humble an occasion. The domestic trickster did not sharpen her allurements, from
any longing for my pretty person; her design in subduing me to the little soft god was
to enlist me for the purposes of her mistress, to whom she had sworn so passive an
obedience, that she would have sold her eternal self to the old chapman, who first set
up the trade of sin, rather than have disappointed her slightest wishes. My vain conceit
was sufficiently evident on the very next morning, when I carried an Ovidian letter
from my master to Euphrasia. The lady gave me an affable reception, and made a
thousand pretty speeches, echoed from the practised lips of her chambermaid. The
expression of my countenance was peculiarly interesting to the one: but that within
which passeth shew was the flattering theme of the other. According to their account,
the fortunate Don Gonzales had picked up a treasure. In short, my praises ran so high,
that I began to think worse of myself than I had ever done in the whole course of my
life. Their motive was sufficiently obvious; but I was determined to play at diamond
cut diamond. The simper of a simpleton is no bad countermine to the attack of a
sharper. These ladies under favour were of the latter description, and they soon began
to open their batteries.
Hark you, Gil Blas, said Euphrasia, fortune declares in your favour if you do
not balk her. Let us put our heads together, my good friend. Don Gonzales is old, and
a good deal shaken in constitution; so that a very little fever, in the hands of a very
great doctor, would carry him to a better place. Let us take time by the forelock, and
ply our arts so busily as to secure to me the largest slice of his effects. If I prosper,
you shall not starve, I promise you; and my bare word is a better security than all the
deeds and conveyances of all the lawyers in Madrid. Madam, answered I, you have
but to command me. Give me my commission on your muster-roll, and you shall have
no reason to complain either of my cowardice or contumacy. So be it, then, replied
she. You must watch your master, and bring me an account of all his comings and
goings. When you are chatting together in his more familiar moments, never fail to
lead the conversation on the subject of our sex; and then by an artful, but seemingly
natural transition, take occasion to say all the good you can invent of me. Ring
Euphrasia in his ears till all the house re- echoes. I would counsel you besides to keep
a wary eye on all that passes in the Pacheco family. If you catch any relation of Don
Gonzales sneaking about him, with a design on the inheritance, bring me word
instantly: that is all you have to do, and trust me for sinking, burning, and destroying
him in less than no time. I have ferreted out the weak side of all your master's
relations long ago; they are each of them to be made ridiculous in some shape or
other; so that the nephews and cousins, after sitting to me for their portraits, are
already turned with their faces to the wall.
It was evident by these instructions, with many more to the same time and
tune, that Euphrasia was one of those ladies whose partialities all lean to the side of
elderly inamoratos, with more money than wit. Not long before, Don Gonzales, who
could refuse nothing to the tender passion, had sold an estate; and she pocketed the

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cash. Not a day passed, but she got some little personal remembrance out of him; and
besides all this, a corner of his will was the ultimate object of her speculation. I
affected to engage hand over head in their infamous plot; and if I must confess all
without mental reservation, it was almost a moot point, on my return home, on which
side of the cause I should take a brief. There was on either a profitable alternative;
whether to join in fleecing my master, or to merit his gratitude by rescuing him from
the plunderers. Con science, however, seemed to have some little concern in the
determination; it was quite ridiculous to choose the by-path of villany when there was
a better toll to be taken on the highway of honesty. Besides, Euphrasia had dealt too
much in generals; an arithmetical definition of so much for so much has more
meaning in it than "all the wealth of the Indies;" and to this shrewd reflection,
perhaps, was owing my uncorrupted probity. Thus did I resolve to signalize my zeal
in the service of Don Gonzales, in the persuasion that if I was lucky enough to disgust
the worshipper by befouling his idol, it would turn to very good account. On a
statement of debtor and creditor between the right and the wrong side of the action,
the money balance was visibly in favour of virtue, not to mention the delights of a fair
and irreproachable character.
If vice so often assumes the semblance of its contrary, why should not
hypocrisy now and then change sides for variety? I held myself up to Euphrasia for a
thorough swindler. She was dupe enough to believe that I was incessantly talking of
her to my master; and thereupon I wove a tissue of frippery and falsehood, which
imposed on her for sterling truth. She had so completely given herself up to my
insinuations, as to believe me her convert, her disciple, her confederate. The better
still to carry on this fraud upon fraud, I affected to languish for Beatrice; and she, in
ecstacy at her age to see a young fellow at her skirts, did not much trouble herself
about my sincerity, if I did but play my part with vigour and address. When we were
in the presence of our princesses, my master in the parlour and myself in the kitchen,
the effect was that of two different pictures, but of the same school. Don Gonzales,
dry as touchwood, with all its inflammability, and nothing but its smother, seemed a
fitter subject for extreme unction than for amorous parley; while my little pet, in
proportion to the violence of my flame, niggled, nudged, toyed, and romped, like a
school-girl in vacation; and no wonder she knew her lesson so pat, for the old
coquette had been upwards of forty years in the form. She had finished her studies
under certain professors of gallantry, whose art of pleasing becomes the more critical
by practice; till they die under the accumulated experience of two or three
generations.
It was not enough for me to go every evening with my master to Euphrasia's: it
was sometimes my lounge even in day-time. But let me pop my head in at what hour I
would, that forbidden creature man was never there, nor even a woman of any
description, that might not be just as easily expressed as understood. There was not
the least loop-hole for a paramour! a circumstance not a little perplexing to one who
could not readily believe, that so pretty a bale of goods could submit to a strict
monopoly, by such a dealer as Don Gonzales. This opinion undoubtedly was formed
on a near acquaintance with female nature, as will be apparent in the sequel; for the
fair Euphrasia, while waiting for my master's translation, fortified herself with
patience in the arms of a lover, with some little fellow-feeling for the frailties of her
age.
One morning I was carrying, according to custom, a note to this peerless
pattern of perfection. There certainly were, or I was not standing in the room, the feet
of a man ensconced behind the tapestry. Out slunk I, just as if I had no eyes in my

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head; yet, though such a discovery was nothing but what might have been expected,
neither was the piper to be paid out of my pocket, my feelings were a good deal
staggered at the breach of faith. Ah! traitress, exclaimed I with virtuous indignation,
abandoned Euphrasia! Not satisfied to humbug a silly old gentleman with a tale of
love, you share his property in your person with another, and add profligacy to
dissimulation! But to be sure, on after- thoughts, I was but a greenhorn, when I took
on so for such a trivial occurrence! It was rather a subject for mirth than for moral
reflection, and perfectly justified by the way of the world; the languid, embargoed
commerce of my master's amorous moments had need be flipped by a trade in some
more merchantable wares. At all events it would have been better to have held my
tongue, than to have laid hold on such an opportunity of playing the faithful servant.
But instead of tempering my zeal with discretion, nothing would serve the turn but
taking up the wrongs of Don Gonzales in the spirit of chivalry. On this high principle,
I made a circumstantial report of what I had seen, with the addition of the attempt
made by Euphrasia to seduce me from my good faith. I gave it in her own words
without the least reserve, and put him in the way of knowing all that was to be known
of his mistress. He was struck all in a heap by my intelligence, and a faint flash of
indignation on his faded cheek seemed to give security, that the lady's infidelity would
not go unpunished. Enough, Gil Blas, said he, I am infinitely obliged by your
attachment to my service, and your probity is very acceptable to me. I will go to
Euphrasia this very moment. I will overwhelm her with reproaches, and break at once
with the ungrateful creature. With these words, he actually bent his way to the subject
of his anger; and dispensed with my attendance, from the kind motive of sparing me
the awkwardness which my presence during their explanation would have occasioned
to my feelings.
I longed for my master's return with all the impatience of an interested person.
There could not be a doubt but that with his strong grounds of complaint, he would
return completely disentangled from the snares of his nymph. In this thought I
extolled and magnified myself for my good deed. What could be more flattering than
the thanks of the kindred who were naturally to inherit after Don Gonzales, when they
should be informed that their relative was no longer the puppet of a figure-dance so
hostile to their interests? It was not to be supposed but that such a friend would be
remembered, and that my merits would at last be distinguished from those of other
serving-men, who are usually more disposed to encourage their masters in
licentiousness, than to draw them off to habits of decency. I was always of an aspiring
temper, and thought to have passed for the Joseph or the Scipio of the servants' hall;
but so fascinating an idea was only to be indulged for an hour or two. The founder of
my fortunes came home. My friend, said he, I have had a very sharp brush with
Euphrasia. She insists on it that you have trumped up a cock-and-bull story. If their
word is to be taken, you are no better than an impostor, a hireling in the pay of my
nephews, for whose sake you have set all your wits at work to bring about a quarrel
between her and me. I have seen the real tears, made of water, run down in floods
from her poor dear eyes. She has vowed to me as solemnly as if I had been her
confessor, that she never made any overtures to you in her life, and that she does not
know what man is. Beatrice, who seems a simple, innocent sort of girl, is exactly in
the same story, so that I could not but believe them and be pacified, whether I would
or no.
How then, sir? interrupted I, in accents of undissembled sorrow, do you
question my sincerity? Do you distrust . . . . No, my good lad, interrupted he again in
his turn, I will do you ample justice. I do not suspect you of being in league with my

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nephews. I am satisfied that all you have done has been for my good, and own myself
much obliged to you for it; but appearances are apt to mislead, so that perhaps you did
not see in reality what you took it into your head that you saw; and in that case, only
consider yourself how offensive your charge must be to Euphrasia. Yet let that be as it
will, she is a creature whom I cannot help loving in spite of my senses; so that the
sacrifice she demands must be made, and that sacrifice is no less than your
dismission. I lament it very much, my poor dear Gil Blas, and if that will be any
satisfaction to you, my consent was wrung from me most unwillingly; but there was
no saying nay. With one thing, however, you may comfort yourself, you shall not be
sent away with empty pockets. Nay, more, I mean to turn you over to a lady of my
acquaintance, where you will live to your liking.
I was not a little mortified to find all my noble acts and motives end in my
own confusion. I gave a left-handed blessing to Euphrasia, and wept over the
weakness of Don Gonzales, to be so foolishly infatuated by her. The kind hearted old
gentleman felt within himself that in turning me adrift at the peremptory demand of
his mistress, he was not performing the most manly action of his life. For this reason,
as a set-off against his hen-pecked cowardice, and that I might the more easily
swallow this bitter dose, he gave me fifty ducats, and took me with him next morning
to the Marchioness of Chaves, telling that lady before my face, that I was a young
man of unexceptionably good character, and very high in his good graces, but that as
certain family reasons prevented him from continuing me on his own establishment,
he should esteem it as a favour if she would take me on hers. After such an
introduction, I was retained at once as her appendage, and found myself, I scarcely
knew how, established in another household.

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CH. VIII. -- The Marchioness of Chaves: her character, and that of her
company.
THE Marchioness of Chaves was a widow of five-and-thirty, tall, handsome,
and well-proportioned. She enjoyed an income of ten thousand ducats, without the
incumbrance of a nursery. I never met with a lady of fewer words, nor one of a more
solemn aspect. Yet this exterior did not prevent her from being set up as the cleverest
woman in all Madrid. Her great assemblies, attended by people of the first quality,
and by men of letters who made a coffee house of her apartments, contributed perhaps
more than anything she said to give her the reputation she had acquired. But this is a
point on which it is not my province to decide. I have only to relate, as her historian,
that her name carried with it the idea of superior genius, and that her house was
called, to distinguish it from the ordinary societies in town, The Fashionable
Institution for Literature, Taste, and Science.
In point of fact, not a day passed, but there were readings there, sometimes of
dramatic pieces, and sometimes in other branches of poetry. But the subjects were
always selected from the graver muses; wit and humour were held in the most
sovereign contempt. Comedy, however spirited; a novel, however pointed in its satire
or ingenious in its fable, such light productions as these were treated as weak efforts
of the brain without the slightest claim to patronage; whereas on the contrary the most
microscopical work in the serious style, whether ode, pastoral, or sonnet, was
trumpeted to the skies as the most illustrious effort of a learned and poetical age. It not
unfrequently fell out, that the public reversed the decrees of this chancery for genius:
nay, they had sometimes the gross ill-breeding to hiss the very pieces which had been
sanctioned by this court of criticism.
I was chief manager of the establishment, and my office consisted in getting
the drawing-room ready to receive the company, in setting the chairs in order for the
gentlemen, and the sofas for the ladies: after which I took my station on the landing-
place to bawl out the names of the visitors as they came up stairs, and usher them into
the circle. The first day, an old piece of family furniture, who was stationed by my
side in the ante-chamber, gave me their description with some humour, after I had
shown them into the room. His name was Andrew Molina. He had a good deal of
mother's wit, with a flowing vein of satire, much gravity of sarcasm, and a happy
knack at hitting off characters. The first corner was a bishop. I roared out his
lordship's name, and as soon as he was gone in, my nomenclator told me -- That
prelate is a very curious gentleman. He has some little influence at court; but wants to
persuade the world that he has a great deal. He presses his service on every soul he
comes near, and then leaves them completely in the lurch. One day he met with a
gentleman in the presence-chamber who bowed to him. He laid hold of him, and
squeezing his hand, assured him, with an inundation of civilities, that he was
altogether devoted to his lordship. For goodness' sake, do not spare me; I shall not die
in my bed without having first found an opportunity of making you my debtor. The
gentleman returned his thanks with all becoming expressions of gratitude, and when
they were at some distance from one another, the obsequious churchman said to one
of his attendants in waiting -- I ought to know that man; I have some floating,
indistinct idea of having seen him somewhere.
Next after the bishop, came the son of a grandee. When I had introduced him
into my lady's room -- This nobleman, said Molina, is also an original in his way. You
are to take notice that he often pays a visit, for the express purpose of talking over
some urgent business with the friend on whom he calls, and goes away again without

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once thinking on the topic he came solely to discuss. But, added my showman on the
sight of two ladies, here are Donna Angela de Penafiel and Donna Margaretta de
Montalvan. This pair have not a feature of resemblance to each other. Donna
Margaretta prides herself on her philosophical acquirements; she will hold her head as
high as the most learned head among the doctors of Salamanca, nor will the wisdom
of her conceit ever give up the point to the best reasons they can render. As for Donna
Angela, she does not affect the learned lady, though she has taken no unsuccessful
pains in the improvement of her mind. Her manner of talking is rational and proper,
her ideas are novel and ingenious, expressed in polite, significant, and natural terms.
This latter portrait is delightful, said I to Molina; but the other, in my opinion, is
scarcely to be tolerated in the softer sex. Not over bearable indeed! replied he with a
sneer: even in men it does but expose them to the lash of satire. The good marchioness
herself, our honoured lady, continued he, she too has a sort of a philosophical
looseness. There will be fine chopping of logic there to-day! God grant the mysteries
of religion may not be invaded by these disputants.
As he was finishing this last sentence, in came a withered bit of mortality, with
a grave and crabbed look. My companion shewed him no mercy. This fellow, said he,
is one of those pompous, unbending spirits who think to pass for men of profound
genius, under favour of a few common-places extracted out of Seneca; yet they are
but shallow coxcombs when one comes to examine them narrowly. Then followed in
the train a spruce figure, with tolerable person and address, to say nothing of a
troubled air and manner, which always supposes a plentiful stock of self- sufficiency.
I inquired who this was. A dramatic poet! said Molina. He has manufactured an
hundred thousand verses in his time, which never brought him in the value of a groat;
but as a set-off against his metrical failure, he has feathered his nest very warmly by
six lines of humble prose: you will wonder by what magic touch a fortune could be
made
And so I did; but a confounded noise upon the staircase put verse and prose
completely out of my head. Good again! exclaimed my informer: here is the licentiate
Campanario. He is his own harbinger before ever he makes his appearance. He sets
out from the very street door in a continued volley of conversation, and you hear how
the alarm is kept up till he makes his retreat. In good sooth, the vaulted roof re-echoed
with the organ of the thundering licentiate, who at length exhibited the case in which
the pipes were contained. He brought a bachelor of his acquaintance by way of
accompaniment, and there was not a sotto voce passage during the whole visit. Signor
Campanario, said I to Molina, is to all appearance a man of very fine conversation.
Yes, replied my sage instructor, the gentleman has his lucky hits, and a sort of
quaintness that might pass for humour; he does very well in a mixed company. But
the worst of it is, that incessant talking is one of his most pardonable errors. He is a
little too apt to borrow from himself; and as those who are behind the scenes are not to
be dazzled by the tinsel of the property-man, so we know how to separate a certain
volubility and buffoonery of manner from sterling wit and sense. The greater part of
his good things would be thought very bad ones, if submitted, without their
concomitant grimaces, to the ordeal of a jest book.
Other groups passed before us, and Molina touched them with his wand. The
marchioness too came in for a magic rap over the knuckles. Our lady patroness, said
he, is better than might be expected for a female philosopher. She is not dainty in her
likings; and bating a whim or two, it is no hard matter to give her satisfaction, Wits
and women of quality seldom approach so near the atmosphere of good sense; and for
passion, she scarcely knows what it is. Play and gallantry are equally in her black

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books: dear conversation is her first and sole delight. To lead such a life would be
little better than penance to the common run of ladies. Molina's character of my
mistress established her at once in my good graces. And yet, in the course of a few
days, I could not help suspecting that, though not dainty in her likings, she knew what
passion was, and that a foul copy of gallantry delighted her more than the fairest
conversation.
One morning, during the mysteries of the toilette, there presented himself to
my notice a little fellow of forty, forbidding in his aspect, more filthy if possible than
Pedro de Moya the bookworm, and verging in no marketable measure towards
deformity. He told me he wanted to speak with my lady marchioness. On whose
business? quoth I. On my own, quoth he, somewhat snappishly. Tell her I am the
gentleman; . . . . she will understand you; . . . . about whom she was talking yesterday
with Donna Anna de Velasco. I went before him into my lady's apartment, and gave
in his name. The marchioness all at once shrieked out her satisfaction, and ordered me
to show him in. It was not courtesy enough to point to a chair, and bid him sit down:
but the attendants, forsooth, her own maids about her person were to withdraw, so that
the little hunchback, with better luck than falls to the lot of many a taller man, had the
field entirely to himself, as lord paramount. As for the girls and myself, we could not
help tittering a little at this uncouthly concerted duet, which lasted nearly an hour:
when my patroness dismissed his little lordship, with such a profusion of farewells
and God-be-with-you's, as sufficiently evinced her thankfulness for the entertainment
she had received.
The conversation had, in fact, been so edifying, that in the afternoon she
seized a private opportunity of whispering in my ear -- Gil Blas, when the short
gentleman comes again, you may shew him up the back stairs; there is no need of
parading him along a line of staring servants. I did as I was ordered. When this
epitome of humanity knocked at the door, and that hour was no further off than the
next morning, we threaded all the bye passages to the place of assignation. I played
the same modest part two or three times in the very innocence of my soul, without the
most distant guess that the material system could form any part of their philosophy.
But that hound-like snuff at an ill construction, with which the devil has armed the
noses of the most charitable, put me on the scent of a very whimsical game, and I
concluded either that the marchioness had an odd taste, or that crookback courted her
as proxy to a better man.
Faith and troth, thought I, with all the impertinence of a hasty opinion, if my
mistress really likes a handsome fellow behind the curtain, all is well; I forgive her
her sins: but if she is stark mad for such a monkey as this, to say the truth, there will
be little mercy for her on male or female tongues. But how foully did I defame my
honoured patroness! The genius of magic had perched herself upon the little conjurer's
protuberant shoulder; and his skill having been puffed off to the marchioness, who
was just the right food for such jugglers and their tricks, she held private conferences
with him. Under his tuition she was to command wealth and treasure, to build castles
in the air, to remove from place to place in an instant, to reveal future events, to tell
what is done in far countries, to call the dead out of their graves, and terrify the world
with many miracles. Seriously, and to give him his deserts, the scoundrel lived on the
folly of the public; and it has been confidently asserted, that ladies of fashion have not
in all ages and countries been exempt from the credulity of their inferiors.

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CH. IX. -- An incident that parted Gil Blas and the Marchioness of Chaves. The
subsequent destination of the former.
FOR six months I lived with the Marchioness of Chaves, and, as it must be
admitted, on the fat of the land. But fate, who thrusts footmen as well as heroes into
the world, with herself tied about their necks, gave me a jog to be gone, and swore
that I should stay no longer in that family or in Madrid. The adfsventure by which this
decree was announced shall be the subject of the ensuing narrative.
In my mistress's female squad there was a nymph named Portia. To say
nothing of her youth and beauty, it was her meek demeanour and good repute that
captivated me, who had yet to learn that none but the brave deserves the fair. The
marchioness's secretary, as proud as a prime minister, and as jealous as the Grand
Turk, was caught in the same trap as myself. No sooner did he cast an unlucky squint
at my advances, than, without waiting to see how Portia might chance to fancy them,
he determined pell- mell to have a tilt with me. To forward this ghostly enterprise, he
gave me an appointment one morning in a place sadly impervious to all seasonable
interruption. Yet as he was a little go-by-the- ground, scarcely up to my shoulders,
and apparently of feeble frame, he did not look like a very dangerous antagonist; so
away I went with some little courage to the appointed spot. Thinking to come off with
flying colours, I anticipated the effect of my bravery on the heart of Portia; but as it
turned out, I was gathering my laurels before they had budded. The little secretary,
who had been practising for two or three years at the fencing-school, disarmed me like
a very baby, and holding the point of his sword up to my throat, Prepare thyself, said
he, to balance thine accounts with this world, and open a correspondence with the
next, or give me thy rascally word to leave the Marchioness of Chaves this very day,
and never more to think of my Portia. I gave him my rascally word, and was honest
enough not to think of breaking it. There was an awkwardness in shewing my face
before the servants of the family, after having been worsted; and especially before the
high and mighty princess who had been the theme of our tournament. I only returned
home to get together my baggage and wages, and on that very day set off towards
Toledo, with a purse pretty well lined, and a knapsack at my back with my wardrobe
and moveables. Though my rascally word was not given to abandon the purlieus of
Madrid, I considered it as a matter of delicacy to disappear, at least for a few seasons,
My resolution was to make the tour of Spain, and to halt first at one town and then at
another. My ready money, thought I, will carry me a good way; I shall not call about
me very prodigally. When my stock is exhausted, I can but go into service again. A
lad of my versatility will find places in plenty, whenever it may be convenient to look
out for them.
It was particularly my wish to see Toledo: and I got thither after three days'
journey. My quarters were at a respectable house of entertainment, where I was taken
for a gentleman of some figure, under favour of my best clothes, in which I did not
fail to bedizen myself. With the pick-tooth carelessness of a lounger, the affectation of
a puppy, and the pertness of a wit, it remained with me to dictate the terms of an
arrangement with some very pretty women who infested that neighbourhood; but, as a
hint had been given me that the pocket was the high road to their good graces, my
amorous enthusiasm was a little flattered, and, as it was no part of my plan to
domesticate myself in any one place, after having seen all the lions at Toledo, I started
one morning with the dawn, and took the road to Cuença, intending to go to Arragon.
On the second day I went into an inn which std open to receive me by the road side.
Just as I was beginning to recruit the carnal department of my nature, in came a party

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belonging to the Holy Brotherhood. These gentlemen called for wine, and set in for a
drinking bout. Over their cups they were conning the description of a young man,
whom they had orders to arrest. The spark, said one of them, is not above three-and-
twenty: be has long black hair, is well grown, with an aquiline nose, and rides a bay
horse.
I heard their talk without seeming to be a listener; and, in fact, did not trouble
my head much about it. They remained in their quarters, and I pursued my journey.
Scarcely had I gone a quarter of a mile, before I met a young gentleman on horseback,
as personable as need be, and mounted as described by the officers. Faith and truth,
thought I within myself, this is the very identical man. Black hair and an aquiline
nose! One cannot help doing a good office when it comes in one's way. Sir, said I,
give me leave to ask you whether you have not some disagreeable business on your
hands? The young man, without returning any answer, looked at me from head to
foot, and seemed startled at my question. I assured him it was not wanton curiosity
that induced me to address him. He was satisfied of that when I related all I had heard
at the inn. My unknown benefactor, said he, I will not deny to you that I have reason
to believe myself actually the person of whom the officers are in quest: therefore I
shall take another road to avoid them. In my opinion, answered I, it would be better to
look out for a spot where you may be in safety, and under shelter from a storm which
is brewing, and will soon pour down upon our heads. Without loss of time we
discovered and made for a row of trees, forming a natural avenue, which led us to the
foot of a mountain, where we found an hermitage.
There was a large and deep grotto which time had worn away into the heart of
the rock; and the hand of man had added a rude front built of pebbles and shell-work,
covered all over with turf: The adjacent grounds were strewed with a thousand sorts
of flowers, which scattered their perfume; and one was pleased to see hard by the
grotto, a small fissure in the mountain, whence a spring rippled with a tinkling noise,
and poured its pellucid stream along the meadow. At the entrance of this solitary
abode stood a venerable hermit, seemingly weighed down with years. He supported
himself with one hand upon a staff, and held a rosary of large beads with the other,
composed of at least twenty rows. His head was almost lost in a brown woollen cap
with long ears; and his beard, whiter than snow, swept down in aged majesty to his
waist. We advanced towards him. Father, said I, is it your pleasure to allow us shelter
from the threatening storm? Come in, my sons, replied the hermit, after examining me
attentively; this hermitage is at your service, to occupy it during pleasure. As for your
horse, added he, pointing to the court-yard of his mansion, he will be very well off
there. My companion disposed of the animal accordingly, and we followed the old
man into the grotto.
No sooner had we got in than a heavy rain fell, with a terrific storm of thunder
and lightning. The hermit threw himself upon his knees before a consecrated image,
fastened to the wall, and we followed the example of our host. Our devotions ceased
with the subsiding of the storm; but as the rain continued, though with diminished
violence, and night was not far distant, the old man said to us -- My sons, you had
better not pursue your journey in such weather, unless your affairs are pressing. We
answered with one consent, that we had nothing to hinder us from staying there, but
the fear of incommoding him; but that if there was room for us in the hermitage, we
would thank him for a night's lodging. You may have it without inconvenience,
answered the hermit, at least the inconvenience will be all your own. Your
accommodation will be rough, and your meal such as a recluse has to offer.

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With this cordial welcome to a homely board, the holy personage seated us at
a little table, and set before us a few vegetables, a crust of bread, and a pitcher of
water. My sons, resumed he, you behold my ordinary fare, but to day I will make a
feast in hospitality towards you. So saying, he fetched a little cheese and some nuts,
which he threw down upon the table. The young man, whose appetite was not keen,
felt but little tempted by his entertainment. I perceive, said the hermit to him, that you
are accustomed to better tables than mine, or rather that sensuality has vitiated your
natural relish. I have been in the world like you. The utmost ingenuity of the culinary
art, whether to stimulate or soothe the palate, was exerted by turns for my
gratification, But since I have lived in solitude, my taste has recovered its simplicity.
Now, vegetables, fruit, and milk, are my greatest dainties; in a word, I keep an
antediluvian table.
While he was haranguing after this fashion, the young man fell into a deep
musing. The hermit was aware of his inattention. My son, said he, some thing weighs
upon your spirits. May we not be informed what disturbs you? Open your heart to me.
Curiosity is not my motive for questioning you, but charity, and a desire to be of
service. I am at a time of life to give advice, and you perhaps are under circumstances
to stand in need of it. Yes, father, replied the gentleman with a sigh, I doubtless do
stand in need of it, and will follow yours, since you are so good as to offer it; I cannot
suppose there is any risk in unbosoming myself to a man like you. No, my son, said
the old man, you have nothing to fear, it is under more stately roofs that confidences
are betrayed. On this assurance the cavalier began his story.

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CH. X. -- The history of Don Alphonso and the fair Seraphina.

I WILL attempt no disguise from you, my venerable friend, nor from this
gentleman who completes my audience. After the generosity of his conduct towards
me, I should be in the wrong to distrust him. You shall know my misfortunes from
their beginning. I am a native of Madrid, and came into the world mysteriously. An
officer of the German guard, Baron Steinbach by name, returning home one evening,
espied a bundle of fair linen at the foot of his staircase. He took it up and carried it to
his wife's apartment, where it turned out to be a new-born infant, wrapped up in very
handsome swaddling-clothes, with a note containing an assurance that it belonged to
persons of condition, who would come forward and own it at some future period; and
the further information that it had been baptized by the name of Alphonso. I was that
unfortunate stranger in the world, and this is all that I know about myself. Whether
honour or profligacy was the motive of the exposure, the helpless child was equally
the victim; whether my unhappy mother wanted to get rid of me, to conceal an
habitual course of scandalous amours, or whether she had made a single deviation
from the path of virtue with a faithless lover, and had been obliged to protect her fame
at the expense of nature and the maternal feelings.
However this might be, the Baron and his wife were touched by my destitute
condition, and resolved, as they had no children of their own, to bring me up under the
name of Don Alphonso. As I grew in years and stature their attachment to me
strengthened. My manners, genteel before strangers and affectionate towards them,
were the theme of their fondest panegyric. In short, they loved me as if I had been
their own. Masters of every description were provided for me. My education became
their leading object; and far from waiting impatiently till my parents should come
forward, they seemed, on the contrary, to wish that my birth might always remain a
mystery. As soon as the Baron thought me old enough to bear arms, he sent me into
the service. With my ensign's commission, a genteel and suitable equipment was
provided for me; and, the more effectually to animate me in the career of glory, my
patron pointed out that the path of honour was open to every adventurer, and that the
renown of a warrior would be so much the more creditable to me, as I should owe it to
none but myself. At the same time he laid open to me the circumstances of my birth,
which he had hitherto concealed. As I had passed for his son in Madrid, and had
actually thought myself so, it must be owned that this communication gave me some
uneasiness. I could not then, nor can I even now, think of it without a sense of shame.
In proportion as the innate feelings of a gentleman bear testimony to the birth of one,
am I mortified at being rejected and renounced by the unnatural authors of my being.
I went to serve in the Low Countries, but peace was concluded in a short time;
and Spain finding herself without assailants, though not without assassins, I returned
to Madrid, where I received fresh marks of affection from the Baron and his wife.
Rather more than two months after my return, a little page came into my room one
morning, and presented me with a note couched nearly in the following terms -- " I
am neither ugly nor crooked, and yet you often see me at my window without the
tribute of a glance. This conduct is little in unison with the spirit of your
physiognomy, and so far stings me to revenge that I will make you love me if
possible."
On the perusal of this epistle, there could be no doubt but it came from a
widow, by name Leonora, who lived opposite our house, and had the character of a
very great coquette. Hereupon I examined my little messenger, who had a mind to be
on the reserve at first, but a ducat in hand opened the floodgates of his intelligence.

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He even took charge of an answer to his mistress, confessing my guilt, and intimating
that its punishment was far advanced.
I was not insensible to a conquest even of this kind. For the rest of the day
home and my window-seat were the grand attraction; and the lady seemed to have
fallen in love with her window-seat too. I madesignals. She returned them; and on the
very next day sent me word by her little Mercury, that if I would be in the street on
the following night between eleven and twelve, I might converse with her at a window
on the ground- floor. Though I did not feel myself very much captivated by so coming
on a kind of widow, it was impossible not to send such an answer as if I was; and a
sort of amorous curiosity made me as impatient as if I had really been in love. In the
dusk of the evening, I went sauntering up and down the Prado till the hour of
assignation. Before I could get to my appointment, a man mounted on. a fine horse
alighted near me, and coming up with a peremptory air -- Sir, said he, are not you the
son of Baron Steinbach? I answered in the affirmative. You are the person then,
resumed he, who were to meet Leonora at her window to- night? I have seen her
letters and your answers, her page has put them into my hands, and I have followed
you this evening from your own house hither, to let you know you have a rival whose
pride is not a little wounded at a competition with yourself in an affair of the heart. It
would be unnecessary to say more. We are in a retired place, let us therefore draw,
unless, to avoid the chastisement in store for you, you will give me your word to
break off all connection with Leonora. Sacrifice in my favour all your hopes and
interest, or your life must be the forfeit. It had been better, said I, to have ensured my
generosity by good manners, than to extort my compliance by menaces. I might have
granted to your request what I must refuse to this insolent demand.
Well, then, resumed he, tying up his horse and preparing for the encounter, let
us settle our dispute like men. Little could a person of my condition have stomached
the debasement of a request, to a man of your quality. Nine out of ten in my rank
would, under such circumstances, have taken their revenge on terms of less honour
but more safety. I felt myself exasperated at this last insinuation, so that, seeing he
had already drawn his sword, mine did not linger in the scabbard. We fell on one
another with so much fury, that the engagement did not last long. Whether his attack
was made with too much heat, or my skill in fencing was superior, he soon received a
mortal wound. He staggered, and dropped dead upon the spot. In such a situation,
having no alternative but an immediate escape, I mounted the horse of my antagonist,
and went off in the direction of Toledo. There was no venturing to return to Baron
Steinbach's, since, besides the danger of the attempt, the narrative of my adventure
from my own mouth would only afflict him the more, so that nothing was so eligible
as an immediate decampment from Madrid.
Chewing the cud of my own melancholy reflection, I travelled onwards the
remainder of the night and all the next morning. But about noon it became necessary
to stop, both for the sake of my horse and to avoid the insupportable fierceness of the
mid-day heat. I staid in a village till sun-set, and then, intending to reach Toledo
without drawing bit, went on my way. I had already got two leagues beyond Ilescas,
when, about midnight, a storm like that of to day overtook me as I was jogging along
the road. There was a garden wall at some little distance, and I rode up to it. For want
of any more commodious shelter, my horse's station and. my own were arranged, as
comfortably as circumstances would admit, near the door of a summer-house at the
end of the wall, with a balcony over it. Leaning against the door, I discovered it to be
open, owing, as I thought, to the negligence of the servants. Having dismounted, less
from curiosity than for the sake of a better standing, as the rain had been very

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troublesome under the balcony, I went into the lower part of the summer- house,
leading my horse by the bridle.
My amusement during the storm was in reconnoitring my quarters; and though
I had nothing to form an opinion by, but the lurid gleams of the lightning, it was very
evident that such a house must belong to some family above the common. I was
waiting anxiously till the rain abated, to set forward again on my journey; but a great
light at a distance made me change my purpose. Leaving my horse in the summer-
house, with the precaution of fastening the door, I made for the light, in the assurance
that they were not all gone to bed in the house, and with the intention of requesting a
lodging for the night. After crossing several walks, I came to a saloon, and here too
the door was left open. On my entrance, from the magnificence so handsomely
displayed by the light of a fine crystal lustre, it was easy to conclude that this must be
the residence of some illustrious nobleman. The pavement was of marble, the
wainscot richly carved and gilt, the proportions of architecture tastefully preserved,
and the ceiling evidently adorned by the masterpieces of the first artists in fresco. But
what particularly engaged my attention was a great number of busts, and those of
Spanish heroes, supported on jasper pedestals, and ranged round the saloon. There
was opportunity enough for examining all this splendour, since there was not even a
foot- fall, nor the shadow of any one gliding along the passage, though my ears and
eyes were incessantly on the watch for some inhabitant of this fairy desert.
On one side of the saloon there was a door a-jar; by pushing it a little wider
open, I discovered a range of apartments, with a light only in the furthest. What is to
be done now? thought I within myself. Shall I go back, or take the liberty of marching
forward, even to that chamber? To be sure, it was obvious that the most prudent step
would be to make good my retreat; but curiosity was not to be repelled, or rather, to
speak more truly, my star was in its ascendant. Advancing boldly from room to room,
at length I reached that where the light was. It was a wax taper on a marble slab, in a
magnificent candlestick. The first object that caught my eye was the gay furniture of
this summer abode; but soon afterwards, casting a look towards a bed, of which the
curtains were half undrawn on account of the heat, an object arrested my attention,
which engrossed it with the deepest interest. A young lady, in spite of the
thunderclaps which had been pealing round her, was sleeping there, motionless and
undisturbed. I approached her very gently, and by the light of the taper I had seized, a
complexion and features the most dazzling were submitted to my gaze. My spirits
were all afloat at the discovery. A sensation of transport and delight came over me;
but however my feelings might harass my own heart, my conviction of her high birth
checked every presumptuous hope, and awe obtained a complete victory over desire.
While I was drinking in floods of adoration at the shrine of her beauty, the goddess of
my homage awoke.
You may well suppose her consternation, at seeing a man, an utter stranger, in
her bedchamber, and at midnight. She was terrified at this strange appearance, and
uttered a loud shriek. I did my best to restore her composure, and throwing myself on
my knees in the humblest posture, Madam, said I, fear nothing. My business here is
not to hurt you. I was going on, but her alarm was so great that she was incapable of
hearing my excuses. She called her woman with a most vehement importunity, and as
she could get no answer, she threw over her a thin night-gown at the foot of the bed,
rushed rapidly out of the room, and darted into the apartments I had crossed, still
calling her female establishment about her, as well as a younger sister whom she had
under her care. I looked for nothing less than a posse of strapping footmen who were
likely, without hearing my defence, to execute summary justice on so audacious a

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culprit; but by good luck, at least for me, her cries were to no purpose; they only
roused an old domestic, who would have been but a sorry knight had any ravisher or
magician invaded her repose. Nevertheless, assuming somewhat of courage from his
presence, she asked me haughtily who I was, by what inlet and to what purpose I had
presumptuously gained admission into her house. I began then to enter on my
exculpation, and had no sooner declared that the open door of the summer-house in
the garden had invited my entrance, than she exclaimed as if thunderstruck -- Just
heaven! what an idea darts across my mind!
As she uttered these words, she caught at the wax light on the table; then ran
through all the apartments one after another, without finding either her attendants or
her sister. She remarked, too, that all their personals and wardrobe were carried off.
With such a comment on her hasty suspicions, she came up to me and said, in the
hurried accent of suspense and perturbation: Traitor! add not hypocrisy to your other
crimes. Chance has not brought you hither. You are in the train of Don Ferdinand de
Leyva, and are an accomplice in his guilt. But hope not to escape, there are still
people enough about me to secure you. Madam, said I, do not confound me with your
enemies. Don Ferdinand de Leyva is a stranger to me; I do not even know who you
are. You see before you an outcast, whom an affair of honour has compelled to fly
from Madrid; and I swear by whatever is most sacred among men, that had not a
storm overtaken me, I should never have set my foot over your threshold. Entertain,
then, a more favourable opinion of me. So far from suspecting me for an accomplice
in any plot against you, believe me ready to enlist in your defence, and to revenge
your wrongs. These last words, and still more the sincere tone in which they were
delivered, convinced the lady of my innocence, and she seemed no longer to look on
me as her enemy; but if her anger abated it was only that her grief might sway more
absolutely. She began weeping most bitterly. Her tears called forth my sympathy, and
my affliction was scarcely less poignant than her own, though the cause of this
contagious sorrow was still to be ascertained. Yet it was not enough to mingle my
tears with hers; in my impatience to become her defender and avenger, an impulse of
terrific fury came over me. Madam, exclaimed I, what outrage have you sustained?
Let me know it, and your injuries are mine. Would you have me hunt out Don
Ferdinand, and stab him to the heart? Only tell me on whom your justice would fall,
and they shall suffer. You have only to give the word. Whatever dangers, whatever
certain evils may be attendant on the execution of your orders, the unknown, whom
you thought to be in league with your enemies, will brave them all in your cause.
This enraptured devotion surprised the lady, and stopped the flowing of her
tears, Ah! sir, said she, forgive this suspicion, and attribute it to the blindness of my
cruel fate. A nobility of sentiment like this speaks at once to the heart of Seraphina:
and while it undeceives, makes me the less repine at a stranger being witness of an
affront offered to my family. Yes, I own my error, and revolt not, unknown as you
are, from your proffered aid. But the death of Don Ferdinand is not what I require.
Well, then, madam, resumed I, of what nature are the services you would enjoin me?
Sir, replied Seraphina, the ground of my complaint is this: Don Ferdinand de Leyva is
enamoured of my sister Julia, whom he met with by accident at Toledo, where we for
the most part reside. Three months since, he asked her in marriage of the Count de
Polan, my father, who refused his consent on account of an old grudge subsisting
between the families. My sister is not yet fifteen, she must have been indiscreet
enough to follow the evil counsels of my woman, whom Don Ferdinand has doubtless
bribed; and this daring ruffian, advertised of our being alone at our country-house, has
taken the opportunity of carrying off Julia. At least I should like to know what hiding-

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place he has chosen to deposit her in, that my father and my brother, who have been
these two months at Madrid, may take their measures accordingly. For heaven's sake,
added she, give yourself the trouble of examining the neighbourhood of Toledo, an act
so heinous cannot escape detection, and my family will owe you a debt of ever lasting
gratitude.
The lady was little aware how unseasonable an employment she was thrusting
upon me. My escape from Castile could not be too soon effected; and yet how should
such a reflection ever enter into her head, when it was completely superseded in mine
by a more powerful suggestion? Delighted at finding myself important to the most
lovely creature in the universe, I caught at the commission with eagerness, and
promised to acquit myself of it with equal zeal and industry. In fact, I did not wait for
daybreak, to go about fulfilling my engagement. A hasty leave of Seraphina gave me
occasion to beg her pardon for the alarm I had caused her, and to assure her that she
should speedily hear some what of my adventure. I went out as I came in, but so
wrapped up in admiration of the lady, that it was palpable I was completely caught.
My sense of this truth was the more confirmed, by the eagerness with which I
embarked in by the romantic, gaily- coloured bubbles which my passion blew. It
struck my fancy that Seraphina, though engrossed by her affliction, had remarked the
hasty birth of my love, without being displeased at the discovery. I even flattered
myself that if I could furnish her with any certain intelligence of her sister, and the
business should terminate in any degree to her satisfaction, my part in it would be
remembered to my advantage.
Don Alphonso broke the thread of his discourse at this passage, and said to our
aged host: I beg your pardon, father, if the fullness of my passion should lead me to
dilate too long upon particulars, wearisome and uninteresting to a stranger. No, my
son, replied the hermit, such particulars are not wearisome: I am interested to know
the state and progress of your passion for the young lady you are speaking of; my
counsels will be influenced by the minute detail you are giving me.
With my fancy heated by these seductive images, resumed the young man, I
was two days hunting after Julia's ravisher: but in vain were all the inquiries that
could be made; by no means I could devise was the least trace of him to be
discovered. Deeply mortified at the unsuccessful issue of my search, I bent my steps
back to Seraphina, whom I pictured to myself as overwhelmed with uneasiness. Yet
she was in better spirits than might have been expected. She informed me that her
success had been better than mine; for she had learned how her sister was disposed of.
She had received a letter from Don Ferdinand himself, importing that after being
privately married to Julia, he had placed her in a convent at Toledo. I have sent his
letter to my father, pursued Seraphina. I hope the affair may be adjusted amicably, and
that a solemn marriage will soon extinguish the feuds which have so long kept our
respective families at variance.
When the lady had thus informed me of her sister's fate, she began making an
apology for the trouble she had given me, as well as the danger into which she might
imprudently have thrown me, by engaging my services in pursuit of a ravisher,
without recollecting what I had told her, that an affair of honour had been the
occasion of my flight. Her excuses were couched in such flattering terms, as to
convert her very oversight into an obligation. As rest was desirable for me after my
journey, she conducted me into the saloon, where we sat down together. She wore an
undress gown of white taffety with black stripes, and a little hat of the same materials
with black feathers; which gave me reason to suppose that she might be a widow. But
she looked so young, that I scarcely knew what to think of it.

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If I was all impatient to get at her history, she was not less so to know who I
was. She besought me to acquaint her with my name, not doubting, as she kindly
expressed it, by my noble air, and still more by the generous pity which had made me
enter so warmly into her interests, that I belonged to some considerable family. The
question was not a little perplexing. My colour came and went, my agitation was
extreme: and I must own that, with less repugnance to the meanness of a falsehood
than to the acknowledgment of a disgraceful truth, I answered that I was the son of
Baron Steinbach, an officer of the German guard. Tell me, likewise, resumed the lady,
why you left Madrid. Before you answer my question, I will insure you all my father's
credit, as well as that of my brother Don Gaspard. It is the least mark of gratitude I
can bestow on a gentleman who, for my service, has neglected the preservation even
of his own life. Without further hesitation, I acquainted her with all the circumstances
of my rencounter: she laid the whole blame on my deceased antagonist, and engaged
to interest all her family in my favour.
When I had satisfied her curiosity, it seemed not unreasonable to plead in
favour of my own. I inquired whether she was maid, wife, or widow. It is three years,
answered she, since my father made me marry Don Diego de Lara; and I have been a
widow these fifteen months. Madam, said I, by what misfortune were your wedded
joys so soon interrupted? I am going to inform you, sir, resumed the lady, in return for
the confidence you have reposed in me.
Don Diego de Lara was a very elegant and accomplished gentleman: but,
though his affection for me was extreme, and every day was witness to some attempt
at giving me pleasure, such as the most impassioned and most tender lover puts in
practice to win the smile of her he loves; though he had a thousand estimable
qualities, my heart was untouched by all his merit. Love is not always the offspring
either of assiduity or desert. Alas! we are often captivated at first sight by we know
not whom, nor why, nor how. To love, then, was not in my power. More disconcerted
than gratified by his repeated offices of tenderness, which I received with a forced
courtesy, but without real plea ure, if I accused myself in secret of ingratitude, I still
thought myself an object as much of pity as of censure. To his unhappiness and my
own, his delicacy more than kept pace with his affection. Not an action or a speech of
mine, but he unravelled all its hidden motives, and fathomed all my thoughts, almost
before they arose. The inmost recesses of my heart were laid open to his penetration.
He complained without ceasing of my indifference; and esteemed himself only so
much the more unfortunate, in not being able to please me, as he was well assured that
no rival stood in his way; for I was scarcely sixteen years old; and, before he paid his
addresses to me, he had tampered with my women, who had assured him that no one
had hitherto attracted my attention. Yes, Seraphina, he would often say, I could have
been contented that you had preferred some other to myself; and that there were no
more fatal cause of your insensibility. My attentions and your own principles would
get the better of such a juvenile prepossession; but I despair of triumphing over your
coldness, since your heart is impenetrable to all the love I have lavished on you.
Wearied with the repetition of the same strain, I told him that instead of disturbing his
repose and mine by this excess of delicacy, he would do better in trusting to the
effects of time. In fact, at my age, I could not be expected to enter into the refinements
of so sentimental a passion; and Don Diego should have waited, as I warned him, for
a riper period and more staid reflection. But, finding that a whole year had elapsed,
and that he was no forwarder in my favour than on the first day, he lost all patience, or
rather, his brain became distracted. Affecting to have important business at court, he
took his leave, and went to serve as a volunteer in the Low Countries; where he soon

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found in the chances of war what he went to seek, the terminations of his sufferings
and of his life.
After the lady had finished her recital, her husband's uncommon character
became the topic of our discourse. We were interrupted by the arrival of a courier,
charged with a letter for Seraphina from the Count De Polan. She begged my
permission to read it; and as she went on, I observed her to grow pale, and to become
dreadfully agitated. When she had finished, she raised her eyes upward, heaved a long
sigh, and her face was in a moment bathed with her tears. Her sorrow sat heavily on
my feelings. My spirits were greatly disturbed; and, as if it were a forewarning of the
blow impending over my head, a death-like shudder crept through my frame, and my
faculties were all benumbed. Madam, said I, in accents half choked with
apprehension, may I ask of what dire events that letter brings the tidings? Take it, sir,
answered Seraphina most dolefully, while she held out the letter to me. Read for
yourself what my father has written. Alas! you are but too deeply concerned in the
contents.
At these words, which made my blood run cold, I took the letter with a
trembling hand, and found in it the following intelligence: "Your brother, Don
Gaspard, fought yesterday at the Prado. He received a small sword wound, of which
he died this day: and declared, before he breathed his last, that his antagonist was the
son of Baron Steinbach, an officer of the German guard. As misfortunes never come
alone, the murderer has eluded my vengeance by flight, but wherever he may have
concealed himself, no pains shall be spared to hunt him out. I am going to write to the
magistrates all round the country, who will not fail to take him into custody, if he
passes through any one of the towns in their jurisdiction, and by the notices I am
going to circulate, I hope to cut off his retreat in the country or at the sea-ports. --
THE COUNT DE POLAN."
Conceive into what a ferment this letter threw all my thoughts. I remained for
some moments motionless and without the power of speech. In the midst of my
confusion, I too plainly saw the destructive bearing of Don Gaspard's death on the
passion I had imbibed. My despair was unbounded at the thought. I threw myself at
Seraphina's feet, and offering her my naked sword, Madam, said I, spare the Count de
Polan the necessity of seeking further for a man who might possibly withdraw himself
from his resentment. Be yourself the avenger of your brother: offer up his murderer as
the victim of your own hand: now, strike the blow. Let this very weapon which
terminated his life, cut short the sad remnant of his adversary's days. Sir, answered
Seraphina, a little softened by my behaviour, I loved Don Gaspard, so that though you
killed him in fair and manly hostility, and though he brought his death upon himself;
you may rest assured that I take up my father's quarrel. Yes, Don Alphonso, I am your
decided enemy, and will do against you all that the ties of blood and friendship
require at my hands. But I will not take advantage of your evil star: in vain has it
delivered you into my grasp: if honour arms me against you, the same sentiment
forbids to pursue a cowardly revenge. The rights of hospitality must be inviolable, and
I will not repay such service as you have rendered me with the treachery of an
assassin. Fly! make your escape, if you can, from our pursuit and from the rigour of
the laws, and save your forfeit life from the dangers that beset it.
What, then! madam, returned I, when vengeance is in your own hands, do you
turn it over to the laws, which may, perhaps, be too slow for your impatience? Nay!
rather stab a wretch who is not worthy of your forbearance. No, madam, maintain not
so noble and so generous a proceeding with one like me. Do you know who I am? All
Madrid takes me for Baron Steinbach's son -- yet am I nothing better than a foundling,

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whom he brought up from charity. I know not even who were guilty of my existence.
No matter, interrupted Seraphina, with precipitation, as if my last words had given her
new uneasiness, though you were the lowest of mankind I would do what honour bids.
Well, madam, said I, since a brother's death is insufficient to excite your thirst after
my blood, I will exasperate your hatred still further by a new offence, of which I trust
you will never pardon the boldness. I dote on you: I could not behold your charms
without being dazzled by them: and, in spite of the cloud in which my destiny was
enveloped, I had cherished the hope of being united to you. I was so infatuated by my
passion, or rather by my pride, as to flatter myself that heaven, which perhaps
conceals from me my birth in mercy, might discover it one day, and enable me
without a blush to acquaint you with my real name. After this injurious avowal, can
you hesitate a moment about punishing me?
This rash declaration, replied the lady, would doubtless prove offensive at any
other season; but I forgive it in consideration of the trouble which bewilders you.
Besides, my own condition so engrosses me, as to render me deaf to any strange ideas
that may escape you. Once more, Don Alphonso, added she, shedding tears, begone
far from a house which you have cast into mourning: every moment of your longer
stay adds pungency to my distress. I no longer oppose your will, madam, returned I,
preparing to take my leave: absence from you must then be my portion: but do not
suppose that, anxious for the preservation of a life which is become hateful to you, I
go to seek an asylum where I may be sheltered from your search. No, no, I bare my
breast to your resentment. I shall wait with impatience at Toledo for the fate which
you design me; and by surrendering at once to my pursuers, shall myself forward the
completion of my miseries.
At the conclusion of this speech I withdrew. My horse was returned to me, and
I went to Toledo, where I abode eight days, and really with so little care to conceal
myself that I know not how or why I have escaped an arrest; for I cannot suppose that
the Count de Polan, whose whole soul is set on cutting off my retreat, should not have
been aware that I was likely to pass through Toledo. Yesterday I left that town, where
it should seem as if I was tired of my liberty, and without betaking myself to any fixed
course of travelling, I came to this hermitage, like a man who had no reason to be
ashamed of shewing himself. Such, father, was the cause of my absence and
distraction. I beseech you to assist me with your counsels.

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CH. XI. -- The old hermit turns out an extraordinary genius, and Gil Blas finds
himself among his former acquaintance.
WHEN Don Alphonso had concluded the melancholy recital of his
misfortunes, the old hermit said to him -- My son, you have been excessively rash in
tarrying so long at Toledo. I consider in a very different light from that you affect to
place it in, what you have told me of your story; and your love for Seraphina seems to
me to be sheer madness. Take my word for it, you will do well to cancel that young
lady from your remembrance; she never can be of your communion. Retreat like a
skilful general, when you cannot act with effect on the offensive; and pursue your
fortune on another field, where success may smile on your endeavours. You will be
terribly out of luck to kill the brother of the next young lady who may chance to
succeed this only possible object of your affection.
He was going to add many other inducements to resignation, in such a case as
Don Alphonso's, when we saw another hermit enter our retreat, with a well-stuffed
wallet slung across his shoulders. He was on his return, with the charitable
contributions of all the good folks in the town of Cuença; and the gathering did credit
to the religion of the age. He looked younger than his companion, in spite of his thick,
foxy beard. Welcome home, brother Anthony, said the elder of the two recluses; what
news do you bring us from town? Bad enough, answered the carroty friar, putting into
his hands a paper, folded in the form of a letter; this little instrument will inform you.
The hoary sage opened it, and after reading on with an increased attention, as the
contents seemed to grow more interesting, exclaimed: Heaven's will be done! Since
the combustion is anticipated, we have only to fall in with the humour of our fate. Let
us change our dialect, Signor Don Alphonso! pursued he, addressing his discourse to
my young companion: you behold in me a man, like yourself; who has been a broad
mark for the wantonness of fortune to take aim at. Word is sent me from Cuença, a
town at the distance of a league hence, that some backbiter has been blackening my
fair fame in the esteem of justice; who is coming with her hue and cry to disturb the
repose of these rural scenes, and to lay her paw upon my person. But an old fox is too
cunning to be caught in a trap. This is not the first time that I have cut and run before
the bloodhounds of the law. But, thanks to myself for having my wits about me, I
have always ended the chase in a whole skin, and held myself in readiness for another.
It is now time to assume another form; for, whether you like me best in my old skin or
my new, I cast my hermit's decrepit slough, to bask in the sunshine of youth and
vigour.
To suit the action to the word, he threw off the incumbrance of his
ecclesiastical petticoat, and stood forth to view in a doublet of black serge with
slashed sleeves. Then off went his cap, and snap went a string, which supported the
hoary honours of a beard, and our anchorite was at once transformed to a brawny
ruffian of eight-and-twenty or thirty. Brother Anthony, following a good example,
discarded the outward show of religion, treated his fiery beard as the snowy one had
been handled just before, and pulled out of an old worm-eaten trunk a sorry rag of a
cassock, with which he invested his person. But what words can express my surprise,
when Signor Don Raphael presented himself to my view, like a phoenix from the
ashes of the old bead-counter! To complete the trick of the pantomime, brother
Anthony was turned into my faithful vassal and trusty squire, Ambrose de Lamela.
Here are miracles! exclaimed I in a quandary; as far as I can perceive, we are all hail
fellow well met! You never were more lucky in your life, Signor Gil Blas, said Don
Raphael, with a brazen-faced good humour: you have fallen among old friends when

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you least expected it. It must be owned you have a crow to pluck with us; but let the
past be buried in oblivion, and thank heaven, here we are together again. Ambrose and
I will serve under your banner; and let me tell you, you will have subalterns of no
contemptible prowess. You may object to our morals; but they are better in the main
than many a hypocrite's pretensions. We never assassinate, and rarely maltreat: and
that in pure self- defence. The only liberty we take with society is to live at free
quarters: and though robbery may be considered as containing some little spice of
injustice, the necessity we labour under of committing it restores its equilibrium to the
scale. Even join your fortune with ours: you will lead a life of hazard, but of variety.
Our predatory peregrinations have every pastoral beauty except innocence, and the
want of that is more than counterpoised by subtlety and stratagem. Not but, with all
our forecast, a certain mechanical concatenation of second causes sometimes
frustrates our best-concerted projects, and drags our philosophy through the mire. But
a ducking now and then only makes us swim the better. The seasons must all be taken
in their turns; the blanks as well as the prizes must be drawn in the cheating lottery of
life.
Courteous stranger, pursued the pretended hermit, speaking to Don Alphonso,
we extend the proposal of partnership to you, and it may be a question whether you
will better yourself by rejecting it, in the lamentable condition of your affairs; for, to
say nothing of the chance-medley for which you are at hide and seek, your fortune is
probably a little out at elbows. Most lamentably so, said Don Alphonso; and hence,
since the truth must out, are my forebodings more dark than even my present evils.
That is the very thing! replied Don Raphael. You were sent by our better genius to
join the party. You will find no such good berth in the honest part of the world. Your
wants will all be supplied, and you may laugh at the vigilance of your pursuers. There
is not a corner in all Spain which we have not ferreted out; those who are always on
the scamper see a great deal of the country. We are perfect connoisseurs in landscape,
and affect Salvator Rosa's rugged scenery. There we graze in peace and freedom,
secure from the brutality of justice. Don Alphonso expressed himself very much
obliged to them for their kind invitation; and finding neither money in his purse, nor
contrivance to procure it in his pericranium, made up his mind at once not to stand
upon punctilio with morality. I too was led into a looser course than agreed with my
rigid principles, by a growing friendship for this young man, whom I could not find in
my heart to abandon in so perilous an enterprise.
We all four agreed to set off in a body, and never to part company. The
question was put whether we should sound a retreat on the instant, or first give a
peremptory summons to a flagon of excellent wine, which brother Anthony had
invested by regular approaches at Cuença the day before; but Raphael, a more
experienced general than any of us, represented that the first thing to be done was to
render our own camp impregnable, for which purpose he proposed that we should
march all night, to gain a very thick wood between Villardesa and Almodabar, where
we should halt, as in a friendly country, and recruit after the fatigues of the campaign.
These general orders were approved of in council. Our lay hermits then went about
packing up their baggage and provisions, which were swung in two bundles across the
back of Don Alphonso's horse. We were not long in our preparations, after which we
sheered off from the hermitage, leaving a rich booty to legal rapine in the saintly
paraphernalia of the two hermits; including a white beard and a red one, two rickety
bedsteads, a table without a leg, a chest without a bottom, two chairs without any
seats, and an unmutilated image of St Pacomo.

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Our march was continued the whole night, and we began to chafe and feel
other inconveniences, when at daybreak we hailed the wood where our toils were to
end. Sailors after a long voyage work the ship with double alacrity at sight of their
native land. So it was with us, we pushed forward and got to our journey's end by
sunrise. Dashing into the thickest of the wood, we pitched upon a retired and pleasant
spot, where the turf was circled in by tall and branching oaks, whose gigantic limbs,
interwoven over our heads, formed a natural vault, not to be penetrated even by noon-
day heat. We took the bridle off the horse to let him feed after he was unloaded. Then
down we sat, pulling out of brother Anthony's wallet some large pieces of bread and
good substantial slices of roast meat, at which we began pegging with all possible
pertinacity. Nevertheless, let our appetites be as obstinate as they might, we every
now and then suspended the fray to spar a little with the flagon, which returned our
blows till it made us reel again.
About the end of the conflict, Don Raphael said to Don Alphonso - - My brave
comrade, after the confidence you have reposed in me, it is but fair that in my turn I
should recount the history of my life to you with the same sincerity. You will do me a
great favour, answered the young man; and an equal one to me, chimed in I. My
curiosity is all alive to know your adventures, for doubtless they must afford much
matter of useful speculation. You may rest assured of that, replied Don Raphael; and I
mean to leave behind me a history of my own times. The composition shall be the
amusement of my old age, for I am as yet in the prime of life, and mean to furnish in
propriâ personâ many new hints for my commonplace-book. But we are all weary, let
us recruit with some hours of sleep. While we three lie down, Ambrose shall keep
watch for fear of a surprise, and shall then take a nap in his turn. For though, to all
appearance, we are here in perfect safety, it is always good to keep a sentry at the out-
posts. After this precaution he stretched himself along upon the grass. Don Alphonso
did the same. I followed their example, and Lamela performed the office of a scout.
Don Alphonso, so far from getting any rest, was incessantly brooding over his
misfortunes, and I could not get a wink of sleep. As for Don Raphael, he snored most
sonorously. But he awoke in little more than an hour, when, finding us in a listening
mood, he said to Lamela -- My friend Ambrose, you may now yield to the gentle
influence of Morpheus. No, no, answered Lamela, my sleepy fit is over; and though I
know all the passages of your life by rote, they are so instructive to the practitioners of
our art and mystery, that I do not care how often I hear the tale over again. Without
further preface, Don Raphael began the narrative of his adventures in these terms.

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BOOK THE FIFTH.

CH. I. -- History of Don Raphael.

I MADE my entrance on the stage of life at Madrid, where my mother was an
actress, famous for dramatic, and infamous for her intriguing talents. Her name was
Lucinda. As for my father, every man must have one; but my arithmetic is too scanty
to determine the number of mine. It might indeed be a matter of history, that such or
such a man of fashion was dangling after my mother at the epoch of my arrival in this
system; but then, that mere fact would by no means warrant a deduction that any
individual gallant of the mother must therefore be the father of the child. A lady, so
eminent as she was in so notorious and wholesale a profession, must have many
strings to her bow; where her blandishments are most publicly lavished, her favours
are most sparingly bestowed: there is a show article or two for public exhibition, but
her everyday wares are cheap, and hackneyed to the meanest purchaser.
There is nothing like taking scandal by the beard, and treating the opinion of
the world with heroic indifference. Lucinda, instead of cooping me up in a garret at
home, made no scruple about owning her little bastard, but took me in her hand to the
theatre with a modest assurance, regardless how the tongue of rumour might babble at
her expense, or how the laugh of malice might peal at my unlucky appearance. In
short, I was her pet, and came in for the caresses of all the men who frequented the
house. One would have sworn that nature pleaded in my favour, and inspired each of
them with a father's pride in the brat they had clubbed for. The twelve first years of
my life were suffered to waste away in all kinds of frivolous amusements. Scarcely
did they teach me to read and write. Still less was it thought of any consequence to
initiate me in the principles of my religion. To dance, to sing, to play on the guitar,
was the sum total of my early attainments. With these gifts and graces for my only
acquisitions, the Marquis of Leganez asked for me to be about his only son, who was
nearly of my own age. Lucinda gave her consent without reluctance, and it was then
that I began to mind a little what I was about. Young Leganez could not reproach me
with my ignorance, his little lordship was not cast in a scientific mould, for he
scarcely knew a letter of his alphabet, though he had been under private tuition for
fifteen months. None of his masters could make anything of him, patience was never
formed to engage in so unequal a match. To be sure, they were expressly forbid to
exercise any severity on his noble carcass, their orders were to teach, not to torture
him; and this tender precaution, acting on a subject of insufferably untoward
dispositions, was the means of throwing to the dogs all the mental physic they poured
in; he would none of it.
But the verb-grinder engendered in his noddle a most ingenious device, by
which to keep this troublesome young lordling in awe, without trenching on his
foolish father's injunctions. This scheme was no other than to flog me when ever that
scape-grace Leganez had incurred the penalty of the rod, and this vicarious execution
was inflicted with the utmost rigour. My consent to the transfer had never been asked,
and there was nothing in the act itself to recommend it; so that my only chance was to
run away, and appeal to my mother against so arbitrary a discipline. However her
maternal feelings might inwardly revolt, no trace of woman's weakness could be
detected in her manner of receiving my complaint. The Leganez connection was too
important to be lost for a few whippings; and away went she, dragging her culprit into
the presence of his tormentor, who by this act of hers became master of broom field.
Experience had convinced him that the success of his invention corresponded with its

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felicity. He therefore went on improving the mind and manners of the little grandee at
the expense of my skin. Remorse for his delinquencies was to be excited only by
sympathy; so that whenever it became necessary to make a bloody example, my seat
of vengeance was firked most unmercifully. The running account between young
Leganez and me was all on one side, and scarcely a day passed but he sinned on tick
and suffered by attorney. By the nearest calculation of whole numbers, there went
somewhere about a hundred cuts to teach him each single letter of the alphabet; so
that if you multiply 100 by 24 for stupidity, and add an 0 to the amount for moral
offences, you will have the sum total of the belabouring that his education cost me.
This thick and threefold companionship with birch was not the only rub; my
path through this family was more beset with thorns than sweetened by flowers. As
my birth and connections were no secret, the whole of the establishment, to the very
refuse of the household, the stable-boys and scullions, twitted me with my shameful
origin. This stuck so terribly in my throat that I made my escape once more, but not
without borrowing my tutor's ready money, amounting to upwards of a hundred and
fifty ducats, for an indefinite period, and without interest. Thus was the account
settled between us, since he had made a property of my hide for a scarecrow, it was
but fair that I should have a finger in the earnings of his arm. For a first attempt at
thieving both the plan and execution were hopeful. A hue and cry was raised for two
days, it was hot while it lasted, but I lay snug, and they missed me. Madrid was no
longer a fit hiding-place, so I took to cover in Toledo, and the hounds were thrown
out.
I was just then entering into my fifteenth year. What a happy fellow, at such an
early age, to shape my own conduct and be in a condition of forming a set of morals
for myself! I soon scraped acquaintance with some pleasant youths, who rescued me
from the dominion of prejudice, and shared liberally with me in the sin of spending
what was not my own. By degrees I rose in society and leagued myself with a set of
professional sharpers, who found me so fine a subject to work upon, that a short time,
with plenty of practice, put me in possession of all the most desperate jobs. At the
expiration of five years, an itch for travelling laid hold of me. I therefore took leave of
my comrades and got as far as Alcantara, wishing to commence my peregrinations
with the province of Estremadura. In this my first excursion, an opportunity of
keeping in my hand occurred; and I was too diligent a practitioner to let it escape. As I
was on foot, and loaded moreover with a pretty heavy knapsack, I halted from time to
time to avail myself of the shade, and recruit a little under the trees which lined the
highway. At one of these baits I picked up two young gentlemen, who were chatting
at their ease upon the grass, and inhaling the freshness of the breeze. My mode of
accosting them was suited to the occasion; nor did its familiarity seem to be taken in
ill part. The eldest could not be more than fifteen -- a couple of as practicable
greenhorns as ever fell into the hands of a man of genius. Courteous stranger, said the
youngest, we are the Sons of two rich citizens at Placentia. Longing extremely to see
the kingdom of Portugal, we have each of us begged a hundred pistoles from our
friends, and are setting out to satisfy our curiosity. Travelling on foot as we do, we
shall be able to get a good way with that supply, shall we not? What do you think of
it? If I had as much, answered I, they might take me who could catch me. I would
scour over the four known quarters of the globe, and then set out on new discoveries.
Fire and fury! Two hundred pistoles! Why it is an entail for a dukedom! You ought to
lay by out of the interest. If it is agreeable to you, gentlemen, I will club with you as
far as Almeria, whither I am going to take possession of an estate left me by an uncle
who was settled there for twenty years or upwards.

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My young cockneys testified at once the pleasure they should derive from my
company. Whereupon, when we were all three a little refreshed, we trudged on
towards Alcantara, where we arrived early in the afternoon. No inn but the best was fit
to hold such guests. We asked for a room, and were shown into one where there was a
press with a good strong lock upon it. Supper was ordered without delay; but as some
time was required to get it ready, I proposed to my travelling companions a gentle
saunter about the town. The party seemed perfectly agreeable. We locked up our
knapsacks in the press, the key of which one of the citizens put in his pocket, and out
sallied we from the inn. The churches were the best lions we met with in our way; and
while we were gaping about the principal, I pretended to have recollected on a sudden
some very urgent business. Gentlemen, said I to my companions, it has just come
across me that a good man of Toledo gave me a commission to say two words on his
behalf to a merchant who lives hard by this church. Have the goodness to wait for me
here, I will be back in a moment. With this excuse, I went off like a shot, in the
direction of our inn. The press was my point of attack -- I forced the lock, ransacked
the baggage of my young citizens, and laid a sacrilegious hand on their pistoles. Poor
youths! How they were to pay their reckoning, it was not for me to presume even to
guess, for most assuredly I stripped them of all the natural means. After this feat, I
decamped as expeditiously as my legs could carry me from the town, and took the
direction of Merida, without caring a curse what became of the young brood I had
plucked.
Such a windfall as this placed me in a condition of travelling merrily. Though
in the very blush of youth, a certain forecast was not wanting to carry me discreetly
through the world, and keep my head above water. It must be admitted without
question, that I was a youth of forward parts for my age, and unfettered by the
prejudices of innocence. I determined to buy a mule, and cheapened one at the first
market town. My knapsack was metamorphosed into a portmanteau, and by degrees I
began to put on the man of consequence. On the third day a man came across me
singing vespers with lungs like a pair of bellows on the highway. By his air, he
seemed to be a musician of the church establishment, and I accosted him accordingly.
Well done, my holy howler of the hallelujahs! You sing your penitential ditties at a
good jovial pitch. To all appearance you sol-fa with your whole heart and soul. Good
sir, replied he, I belong, with your good leave, to the musical department of the
Catholic church: and it is my common practice to keep my devotion and my wind in
play by the rehearsal of an anthem or two as I travel along the road.
With this disposition to be sociable, we soon got into conversation. It was
clear to me that I had fallen in with a character not to be despised in point of
shrewdness, nor indisposed to society and merriment. He was four or five-and-
twenty. My companion being on foot, I slackened my pace, for the pleasure of
chatting with him. Among other things, we talked about Toledo. I am perfectly well
acquainted with that city, said the brazen-lunged torturer of anthems. It was my
residence for a considerable time, and my connections there are not altogether
contemptible. And in what part of the town, interrupted I, did you reside? In the New
Street, was his answer. I was hand in glove with Don Vincent de Buena Garra, Don
Matthias de Cordello, and two or three other gentlemen of very considerable fashion.
We lived together; took our meals at the same mess, and, in short, were scarcely ever
asunder. It was a charming society! This avowal was no small surprise to me, for it is
to be understood, that the gentlemen whose names he cited with so pompous an air
were the very sharpers with whom I had been affiliated at Toledo. Why, thou
degenerate vicar choral! exclaimed I, these fine blades of whom thou hast been

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boasting are among the number of my acquaintance also, for I too have lived with
them in the New Street; we were hand in glove, took our meals at the same mess, and,
in short, were scarcely ever asunder. You are a wag! replied he, with a knowing wink,
that is to say, you got into the gang three years ago, when I left it. My motive for
quitting such a worshipful fraternity, resumed I, was an itch for travelling. I mean to
make the tour of Spain. A little more knowledge of the world will make me quite
another thing. Doubtless, said he, there is no possible way but travelling to rub off the
rust, or bring wit, talent, and address to perfection. It is for the self-same reason that I
too turned my back upon Toledo, though the time glided away there very agreeably.
But thanks to a kind providence, which has yoked me with a labourer in my own
vineyard, when I least expected it. Let us join our forces, let us travel the same road,
let us make a joint-stock out of our neighbours' purses, let us rob, let us cheat, let us
avail ourselves of every opportunity that may offer of exemplifying our theory, and
improving our practice, in the noble art on which our skill is employed.
The proposal was made in so candid a spirit, so like a citizen of the world,
untainted with the selfishness of your honest men, that I closed in with it at once. My
confidence was surrendered at the first summons to the frankness with which he
volunteered his own. We spoke our free hearts each to the other. I dilated all my
pilgrimage, and he spake of most disastrous chances, of moving accidents through
which he had passed even from his boyish days to this very moment of his ripe and
rampant roguery. It appeared that he was on his way from Portalegre, whence he had
been obliged to decamp with the utmost expedition on account of a little swindling
transaction in which his luck happened not to keep pace with his ingenuity. The habit
he wore was sacrilegiously adopted as a cloak to his person and real character, since
he thought it safest to be near the church, however far from God. Thus did we two
share all our counsel, and pledge our brother's vows, till we grew together like a
double cherry, and determined, with two seeming bodies but one heart, to incorporate
our voices and minds in some master-stroke at Merida. If it took, well and good; if
not, we had only to cut and run. From this moment, community of goods, that pure
and simple feature of patriarchal life, was enacted as a law between us. Moralez, it is
true, for that was my fellow-traveller's name, did not find himself in the most splendid
condition possible. His funds were limited to five or six ducats, with a few little
articles in a bag. I therefore was the monied man of the firm; but then there was brass
in his forehead for an inexhaustible coinage, and the seeming of a saint when he
played the devil most. So on we journeyed on the ride-and-tie principle, and arrived in
humble cavalcade at Merida.
We put up at an inn near the skirts of the town, where my comrade changed
his dress. When he had rigged himself in layman's attire, we took a turn up and down,
to reconnoitre the ground, and see if we could pick out some opportunity of labouring
in our vocation. Had it been our good fortune to have lived before Homer, that old
apologist for sharping by wholesale would have dignified our excursion with a simile.
Not half so keen, fierce vultures of the chase Stoop from the mountains on the
feathered race, &c.
To descend into plain prose, we were ruminating on the chapter of accidents,
and hammering out some theme for the employment of our industry, when we espied
a grey-headed old gentleman in the street, sword in hand, defending himself against
three men who were thrusting at him with all their might and main. The unfairness of
the match was what stuck in my throat; so that flying, with the spirit of a prize-fighter,
to see fair play, I made common cause with the old man. Moralez followed up my

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blows. We proved ourselves match for the three assailants, and put them completely
to the rout.
Our rescued friend was profuse in his acknowledgments. We are in rapture,
said I, at our good luck in being here so seasonably for your assistance: but let us at
least know to whom we have been so fortunate as to be serviceable; and what
inducement those three men could possibly have for their murderous attempt.
Gentlemen replied he, my obligations are too great to hesitate about satisfying your
curiosity; my name is Jerome de Moyadas, a gentleman of this town, living on my
means. One of these cut- throat rascals, from whom you have rescued me, professes to
be in love with my daughter. He asked her of me in marriage within these few days;
and for want of gaining my consent in a quiet way, has just attempted to force himself
into my daughter's good graces, by sending me into the other world. And may we take
the liberty, rejoined I, of inquiring farther, why you were so obdurate to the proposals
of this enamoured swain? I will explain the whole to you at once, said he. I had a
brother, a merchant in this town; his name was Austin. Two months ago he happened
to be at Calatrava, and took up his abode with his correspondent, Juan Velez de la
Membrilla. They got to be as loving as turtles; and my brother, to clench the
connection, engaged my daughter Florence to his good friend's son, not doubting but
he had influence enough with me to redeem his pledge when he returned to Merida.
Accordingly, he no sooner opened himself on the subject than I consented out of pure
fraternal affection. He sent Florence's picture to Calatrava; but, alas! he did not live to
put the finishing hand to his own work. We laid him with his forefathers three weeks
ago! On his death-bed, he besought me not to dispose of my girl but in favour of his
correspondent's son. I satisfied his mind on that point; and this is the reason why I
have refused Florence to the suitor by whom I was assaulted, though the match would
have been a very desirable one. But my word is my idol; and we are in daily
expectation of Juan Velez de la Membrilla's heir, who is to be my son-in-law, though
I know no more of him, nor of his father neither, than if they were just imported from
an undiscovered island. But I beg pardon; this is an old man's garrulity. Yet you
yourselves led me into the scrape.
This tale did I swallow with a greedy ear; and pouncing at once upon a part to
play, which my fruitful imagination suggested, I put on an air of inordinate surprise,
and ventured at all hazards to lift my eyes upward to a purer region. Then turning to
my father-in-law, with an expression of feeling which nothing but hypocrisy could
personate: Ah! Signor de Moyadas, is it possible that, on my arrival at Merida, I
should enjoy the heartfelt triumph of rescuing from foul assassination the honoured
parent of my peerless love? This exclamation produced all the astonishment it was
levelled to excite in the old citizen. Even Moralez himself stared like an honest man,
and shewed by his face that there was a degree of impudence to which his conceptions
had not hitherto risen. What! do not my ears deceive me? exclaimed the old
gentleman. And are you really the son of my brother's correspondent? Really and
truly, Signor Jerome de Moyadas, rejoined I with impregnable effrontery, and a hug
round his neck that had nearly sent him after his brother. Behold the selected mortal
of his species, to whose arms the adorable Florence is devoted! But these nuptial
anticipations, transporting as they are, must yield to the anguish of my soul for the
demise of their founder. Poor Austin! He is gone, and we must all follow! I should be
ingratitude personified, if my heart was not lacerated and rent by the death of a man to
whom I owe all my hopes of bliss. At the term of this period, I squeezed good
Jerome's wezand once more, and drew the back of my hand across my eyes, to wipe
away the tears it had not been convenient to shed. Moralez, who by this time had

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conned over the pretty pickings to be made out of this juggle, was not wanting to play
his underpart. He passed himself off for my servant, and improved upon his master in
lamentation for the untimely death of Signor Austin. My honoured master Jerome,
exclaimed he, what a loss have you sustained, since your brother is no more! He was
such an honest man. Honest men are not to be met with every day. A superfine sample
of commerce! A dealer in friendship without a percentage! A dealer in merchandise
without an underhand advantage! A dealer who dealt as dealers very seldom do deal!
We had our hands to play against a man who was a novice at the game. Simple
and cullible, so far from smelling out the rat, he took his stink for a nosegay. And
why, said he, did you not come straight to my house? It was not friendly to put up at
an inn. On the footing we are likely to be upon, there should be none of those
punctilios. Sir, said Moralez, helping me out of the scrape, my master is a little too
much given to stand upon ceremony. Though to be sure, in the present instance, he is
in some degree excusable for declining to appear before in this uncouth trim. We have
been robbed upon the road, and have lost all our travelling equipage. My lad,
interrupted I, has let the cat out of the bag, Signor de Moyadas. This unlucky accident
has prevented me from paying my respects sooner. True love is diffident; nor could I
venture in this garb into the presence of a mistress who was unacquainted with my
person. I was therefore waiting the return of a servant whom I have sent to Calatrava.
Such a trifle, rejoined the old man, must not deprive us of your company; and I insist
upon it, that you make my house your home from this very moment.
With such sort of importunity, he forced me into his family: but as we were on
our way, the pretended robbery was a natural topic of conversation; and I should have
made light of my baggage, though the loss was very considerable, had not Florence's
picture unluckily formed a part of the booty! The old codger chuckled at that, and
observed, that such a loss was easily repaired: the original was worth five hundred per
cent. more than the copy. To make me amends, as soon as we got home, he called his
daughter, a girl of not more than sixteen, with a person to have reclaimed a libertine,
if beauty ever possessed that power except in romance. You behold, said he, the bale
of goods my late brother has consigned to you. Oh! my good sir, exclaimed I in an
impassioned tone, words are not wanting to assure me that this must be the lovely
Florence: those bewitching features are engraven on my memory, their impression is
indelible on my heart. If the portrait I have lost, the mere outline of these embodied
charms, could kindle passion by its cold and lifeless likeness, judge what must be my
agitation, my transport at this moment. Such language is too flattering to be sincere,
said Florence; nor am I so weak and vain as to be persuaded that my merits warrant it.
That is right! interchange your fine speeches, my children! This was a good-natured
encouragement from the father, who at once left me alone with his daughter, and
taking Moralez aside, said to him; My friend, those who made so free with your
baggage, doubtless did not stand upon any ceremony with your money. Very true, sir,
answered my colleague; an overpowering band of robbers poured down upon us near
Castil-Blazo, and left us not a rag but what we carry on our backs: but we are in
momentary expectation of receiving bills of exchange, and then we shall appear once
more like ourselves.
While you are waiting for your bills of exchange, replied the old man, taking a
purse out of his pocket, here are a hundred pistoles with which you may do as you
please. Oh, sir! rejoined Moralez, as if he were shocked, my master will never take
them. You do not know him. Heaven and earth! he is a man of the nicest scruples in
money matters. Not one of your shabby fellows, always spunging upon his friends,
and ready to take up money wherever he can get it! Running in debt is ratsbane to

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him. If he is to beg his bread or go into an hospital, why there is an end of it! but as
for borrowing, he will never be reduced to that. So much the better! said the good
burgess: I value him the more for his independence. Running in debt is a mean thing;
it ought to be ratsbane to him and everybody else. Your people of quality, to be sure,
may plead prescription in their favour; there is a sort of privileged swindling, not
incompatible with high honour, in high life. If tradesmen were to be paid, they would
be too nearly on a level with their employers. But as your master has such upright
principles, heaven forbid they should be violated in this house! Since any offer of
pecuniary assistance would hurt his feelings, we must say no more about it. As the
point seemed to be settled, the purse was for steering its course back again into the
pocket; but my provident partner laid hold of Signor de Moyadas by the arm, and
delayed the convoy. Stay, sir, said he, whatever aversion my master may have to
borrowing on a general principle, and considered as borrowing, yet there is a light in
which, with good management, he may be brought to look kindly on your hundred
pistoles. In fact, it is only in a mercantile point of view, as an affair of debtor and
creditor between strangers, that he holds this formal doctrine; but he is free and easy
enough where he is on a family footing. Why, there is his own father! It is only ask
and have; and he does ask and have accordingly. Now you are going to be a second
father to him, and are fairly entitled to be put on the same confidential footing. He is a
young man of nice discrimination, and will doubtless think you entitled to the
compliment.
By thus shifting his ground, Moralez got possession of the old gentleman's
purse. As for the girl and myself, we were engaged in a little agreeable flirting; but
were soon joined by our honoured parent, who interrupted our tête-à-tête. He told
Florence how much he was obliged to me, and expressed his gratitude to myself, in
terms which left no doubt of our being a very happy family. I made the most of so
favourable a disposition, by telling the good man, that if he would bestow on me an
acknowledgment the nearest to my heart, he must hasten my marriage with his
daughter. My eagerness was not taken amiss. He assured me, that in three days at
latest I should be a happy bridegroom, and that instead of six thousands ducats, the
fortune he had promised to give my wife, he would make it up ten, as a substantial
proof how deeply he felt himself indebted to me for the service I had rendered him.
Here we were, therefore, quite at home with our good friend Jerome de
Moyadas, sumptuously entertained, and catching every now and then a vista vision of
ten thousand ducats, with which we proposed to march off abruptly from Merida. Our
transports, however, were not without their alloy. It was by no means improbable that
within three days the bonâ fide son of Juan Velez de la Membrilla might come and
interrupt our sport. This fear had for its foundation more than the weakness of our
nerves. On the very next morning, a sort of clodpole, with a portmanteau across his
shoulders, knocked at the door of Florence's father. I was not at home at the time, but
my colleague had to bear the brunt of it. Sir, said the rustic to our sagacious friend, I
belong to the young gentleman at Calatrava who is to be your son-in-law -- to Signor
de la Membrilla. We have both just come off our journey: he will be here in an
instant, and sent me forward to prepare you for his arrival. Hardly had these
unaccountable tidings been announced, when the master appeared in person; which
stretched the old fellow's blinkers into a stare, and put Moralez a little to the blush.
Young Pedro was what we call a tall fellow of his inches. He began at once
paying his compliments to the master of the house; but the good man did not give him
time to finish his speech; and turning towards my partner in iniquity, asked what was
the meaning of all this. Hereupon Moralez, whose power of face was not to be

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exceeded by any human impudence, boldly asserted our identity, and said to the old
gentleman -- Sir, these two men here before you belong to the gang which pillaged us
on the highway. I have a perfect recollection of their features; and in particular could
swear to him who has the effrontery to call himself the son of Signor Juan Velez de la
Membrilla. The old citizen gulped down the lies of Moralez like nectar, and told the
intruders, on the supposition of their being the impostors -- Gentlemen, you are come
the day after the fair; the trick was a very good one, but it will not pass; the enemy has
taken the ground before you. Pedro de la Membrilla has been under this roof since
yesterday. Have all your wits about you, answered the young man from Calatrava;
you are nursing a viper in your bosom. Be assured that Juan Velez de la Membrilla
has neither chick nor child but myself. And what relation is the hangman to you?
replied the old dupe: you are better known than liked in this house. Can you look this
young man in the face? or can you deny that you robbed his master? If I were
anywhere but under your roof, rejoined Pedro in a rage, I would punish the insolence
of this scoundrel who fancies to pass me off for a highwayman. He is indebted for his
safety to your presence, which puts a curb upon my choler. Good sir, pursued he, you
are grossly imposed on. I am the favoured youth to whom your brother Austin has
promised your daughter. Is it your pleasure for me to produce the whole
correspondence with my father on the subject of the impending match? Will you be
satisfied with Florence's picture sent me by him as a present a little while before his
death?
No, put in the old burgess crustily; the picture will work just as strongly on my
conviction as the letters. I am perfectly aware by what chance they all fell into your
hands; and if you will take a stupid fellow's advice, Merida will soon be rid of such
rubbish. A quick march may save you a trouncing. This is beyond all bearing,
screamed out the young royster with an overwhelming vehemence. My name shall
never be stolen from me, and assumed by a common cheat with impunity; neither
shall my person be confounded with that of a free-booter. There are those in this town
who can identify me: they are forth coming, and shall expose the fallacy by which you
are prejudiced against me. With this assurance he withdrew, attended by his servant,
and Moralez kept possession of the field. The adventure had even the effect of
determining Jerome de Moyadas to fix the wedding for the very time being.
Accordingly he went his way, for the purpose of giving the necessary orders for the
celebration.
Though my colleague in knavery was well enough pleased to see Florence's
father in a humour so pat for our purposes, he was not without certain scruples of
conscience about our safety. It was to be feared, lest the probable proceedings of
Pedro might be followed up by awkward consequences; so that he waited impatiently
for my arrival, to make me acquainted with what had occur red. I found him over head
and ears in a brown study. What is the matter, my friend? said I, seemingly there is
something upon your mind. Indeed there is; and something that will be minded,
answered he. At the same time he let me into the affair. Now you may judge, added he
after a pause, whether we have not some food for reflection. It is your ill star, rash
contriver, which has thrown us into this perplexity. The idea, it must he confessed,
was full of fire and ingenuity; had it answered in the application, your renown would
have been emblazoned in the chronicles of our fraternity; but according to present
appearances, the run of luck is against us, and my counsels incline to a prudent
avoidance of all explanations, by quietly sneaking off with the market-penny we have
made of the silly old fellow's credulity.

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Master Moralez, replied I to this desponding speech, you give way to

difficulties with more haste than good speed. Such pusillanimity does but little honour
to Don Matthias de Cordel, and the other gallant blades with whom you were
affiliated at Toledo. After serving a campaign under such experienced generals, it is
not soldierly to shrink from the perils of the field. For my part, I am resolved to fight
the battles of these heroes over again, or, in more vulgar phrase, to prove myself a
chip from the old blocks. The precipice which makes your head turn giddy only
stiffens my sinews to surmount the toils of the way, and push forward to the end of
our career. If you arrive at your journey's end in a whole skin, said my companion, I
will myself be your biographer, and set your fame far above all the parallels of
Plutarch.
Just as Moralez was finishing this learned allusion, Jerome de Moyadas came
in. You shall be my son-in-law this very evening, said he. Your servant must have
given you an account of what has just passed. What say you to the impudence of the
scoundrel who wanted to make me believe that he was the son of my brother's
correspondent? Honoured sir, answered I, with a melancholy air, and in a tone of
voice the most insinuating that ever cajoled the easy faith of a dotard, I feel within me
that it is not in my nature to carry on an imposition without betraying it in my
countenance. It now becomes necessary to make you a sincere confession. I am not
the son of Juan Velez de la Membrilla. What is it you tell me? interrupted the old
man, out of breath with surprise, and out of his wits with apprehension. So then! you
are not the young man to whom my brother. . . . . For pity's sake, sir, interrupted I in
my turn, condescend to give me a hearing patiently to the end of my story. For these
eight days have I doted to distraction on your daughter; and this dotage, this
distraction, has riveted me to Merida. Yesterday, after having rescued you from your
danger, I was making up my mind to ask her of you in marriage; but you gave a check
to my passion and put a tie upon my tongue, by the intelligence that she was destined
for another. You told me that your brother, on his death-bed, enjoined you to give her
to Pedro de la Membrilla; that your word was pledged, and that you were the sworn
vassal and bondman of your veracity. These circumstances, it must be owned, were
overwhelming in the extreme; and my romantic passion, at the last gasp of its despair,
gained breath by the stratagem with which the god of love inspired me. I must at the
same time declare that a trick is at the best but a mean thing, and, however sanctified
by the motive, my conscience recoiled at the delusion. Yet I could not but think that
my pardon would be granted on the discovery, when it should come out that I was an
Italian prince travelling through this country as a private gentle man. My father reigns
supreme over a nest of inaccessible valleys, lying between Switzerland, the Milanese,
and Savoy. It could not but occur to me that you would be agreeably surprised when I
should unfold to you my birth, and having married Florence under my fictitious
character, should announce to her the rank she had attained, with all the rapture of an
enamoured husband, and all the stage effect of a hero in tragedy or romance. But
heaven, pursued I, with an hypocritical softening down of my accents, has visited my
sins by cutting me off from such a perennial stream of joy. Pedro de la Membrilla was
introduced upon the scene; he must have his name back again, whatever the restitution
may cost me. Your promise binds you hand and foot to fix upon him for your son-in-
law; it is your duty to give him the preference, without taking my rank and station into
the account; without mercy on the forlorn condition to which you are going to reduce
me. To be sure, it might be said, but then I should say it who ought not to say it, that
your brother had only the authority of an uncle over your daughter, that you are her
father, and that there is more right and reason in discharging an actual debt of

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gratitude towards your preserver, than in being mealy-mouthed about a verbal

promise which would press but lightly on the conscience of the most scrupulous
casuist.
Yes, without doubt, that argument is indisputable, exclaimed Jerome de
Moyadas; and on that ground there can no longer be any question between you and
Pedro de la Membrilla. If my brother Austin were still living, he would not think it
bad morality to give the preference to a man who has saved my life, nor a bad
speculation to close the bargain with a prince who has not disdained to court our
alliance. It were an absolute suicide on the part of all my opening prospects; the
frantic desperation of an acknowledged incurable, not to dispose of my daughter so
illustriously, not to solicit your highness's acceptance of her hand. And yet, sir,
resumed I, these things are not to be determined without due deliberation; look at your
own interests and safety with a microscopic eye, for though the illustrious channel
through which my blood has flowed for ages . . . . You are scarcely serious,
interrupted he, in supposing that I can hesitate for a moment. No, may it please your
highness; it is my most humble and earnest request that you will deign, on this very
evening, to honour the happy Florence with your hand. Well, then! said I, be it so; go
yourself and be the bearer of the unlooked- for tidings, announce to her the brilliant
career of her exalted destiny.
While the good citizen was putting his best foot foremost, to instil into his
daughter that she had made the conquest of a prince, Moralez, who had taken in the
whole conversation with greedy ear, threw himself upon his knees before me, and did
homage in these bantering terms. Most potent, grave, and august Italian prince, son of
a sovereign, supreme over a nest of inaccessible valleys, lying between Switzerland,
the Milanese, and Savoy, permit me to humble myself at your highness's feet, in
humble acknowledgment of the ecstasy into which you have thrown me. By the
honour of a swindler, you are one of the wonders of our world. I always thought
myself the first man in the line; but in good truth I doff my bonnet before you, whose
genius seems to supersede the lessons of experience. Then you are no longer uneasy
about the result, said I to my colleague in iniquity. Oh! as to that, not in the least,
answered he. I no longer care a fig for Master Pedro; let him come as soon as he
pleases, we are a match for him. Here we are, then, Moralez and myself, safe seated
on the saddle, and rising in our stirrups. We even went so far as to begin settling the
course we should pursue with the fortune, on which we reckoned so securely, that if it
had already been in our pockets, we could not have chuckled more triumphantly over
the proverb of "a bird in the hand." Yet we were not in actual possession, which is
more than legal right: and the sequel of the adventure proved to us, that manythings
fall out between the cup and the lip.
We very soon saw the young man of Calatrava returning. He was accompanied
by two citizens and by an alguazil, whose dignity was as much supported by his
whiskers, and by the lowering overcast of his swarthy aspect, as by the weight of his
official character. Florence's father was of the party. Signor de Moyadas, said Pedro to
him, here are three honest people come to answer for me; they are acquainted with my
person, and can tell you who I am. Yes, undoubtedly, exclaimed the alguazil, I can
depose to the fact. I certify to all those whom it may concern, that you are known to
me: your name is Pedro, and you are the only son of Juan Valez de la Membrilla:
whosoever dares to maintain the contrary is an impostor. I believe you implicitly,
master alguazil, said the good creature Jerome de Moyadas, rather drily. Your
evidence is gospel to me, as well as that of these fair and honest tradesmen you have
brought with you. I am fully satisfied that the young gentleman on whose behalf you

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come is the only son of my brother's correspondent. But what is that to me? I am no
longer in the humour to give him my daughter, so there is an end of that.
Oh! then it is quite another matter, said the alguazil. I only come to your house
for the purpose of assuring you that this young man is no impostor. You have the
authority of a parent over your child, and no one has any right to dictate to you how
you are to marry her, and whether you will or no. Neither do I, on my part, interrupted
Pedro, pretend to lay any force on the inclinations of Signor de Moyadas; but he will
perhaps allow me to ask him why he has so suddenly changed his resolution. Has he
any reason to be dissatisfied with me? Alas! let me at least understand, that in losing
the sweet hope of becoming his son-in- law, my promised bliss has not been wrested
from me by any misconduct of my own. I have no complaint to make of you,
answered the old man; nay, I will even tell you more; it is with sincere sorrow that I
find myself under the necessity of breaking my word with you, and I heartily beseech
you to forgive me for having done so. I am persuaded that you are too generous to
bear me any ill-will for having thrown the balance into the scale of a rival, who has
saved my life. You see him here, pursued he, introducing my noble self, this is the
illustrious personage who threw round me the shield of his protection in my great
peril: and, the better still to apologize for my seemingly harsh treatment of yourself,
you are to know that he is an Italian prince.
At these last words, Pedro was dumb-founded, and looked as if he could not
help it. The two tradesmen opened their eyes as wide as they could stare, with surprise
at finding themselves for the first time in princely society. But the alguazil, in the
habit of looking at things with the cross eye of suspicion, divined most perspicuously
that this marvellous adventure must be a complete humbug; and the verification of the
prophecy was calculated to put money into the pocket of the prophet. He therefore
conned over my countenance with a very inquisitive regard; but as my features, which
were new to justice, threw him out most cruelly from hunting down the game he was
in chase of, he had no alternative but to try his luck on my companion. Unfortunately
for my highness of the inaccessible valleys, he knew again the hang-dog features of
Moralez; and recollecting to have seen him within the purlieus of a gaol, Ay, ay!
exclaimed he, this is one of my established customers. This gentleman is a particular
acquaintance of mine, and you may take his character from me for one of the rankest
rascals within the kingdoms and principalities of Spain. Softly, look before you leap,
most adventurous alguazil, said Jerome de Moyadas; this lad, of whom you draw so
unfavourable a picture, is in the travelling retinue of a prince. So much the better,
retorted the alguazil; a man would not desire clearer evidence on which to bring in his
verdict. If we can but hang the servant, we shall soon send the master to the devil. The
case is as undeniable as a feed counsel's plea; these pleasant sparks are a couple of
fortune-hunters, who have laid their heads together to take you in. I am an old hound
upon this scent; so that, by way of proof presumptive that these merry vagabonds are
within the contemplation of the law in that case provided, I shall lodge them where
they will be well taken care of. They will have plenty of time for meditation under the
chastising philosophy of a turnkey; or should confinement fail to mend their morals,
we have a sort of tangible discipline, which insinuates reformation by the inlet of a
smarting hide. Stop there, and bethink you in good time, master officer, rejoined the
old gentleman; we must not draw the cord tighter than it will bear. You never make
any bones, you hangers-on of the law, about hurting the feelings of better men than
yourselves. May not this servant be a common cheat, without his master being a
swindler? Princes are persons of honour as a matter of course; yet the retainers to a
court are inordinate rascals; it requires no conjurer to find that out. Are you playing

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into the hands of your deluders, with your princes? interrupted the alguazil. This new
manufacturer of false pretences is a proficient, take my word for it; but I shall quench
his zeal in the service, and gravel the ingenuity of his partner, with a whereas and a
commitment in due form. The scouts of justice are all round the door, who will worry
their game every inch of the chase, if they do not suffer themselves to be taken quietly
on their form. So come along, may it please your serene highness, let us proceed to
our destination.
This upshot of the business was a death-blow to me, as well as to Moralez; and
our confusion did but infuse doubts into the mind of Jerome de Moyadas, or rather
burned, sunk, and destroyed us in his esteem. He began rather to think, not without
reason, that we had some little design to impose on his credulity. Nevertheless he
acted on this occasion in the spirit of a man of honour and a gentleman. My good
friend and protector, said he to the alguazil, your conjectures may be without
foundation; on the other hand, they may turn out to have too much truth in them.
Whichever of these alternatives may be the fact, let us not look too curiously into their
characters. They are both young, and have time enough for amendment if they want it;
let them go their ways, and withdraw whithersoever it may best please them. Make no
opposition, I beseech you, to their safe egress; it is a favour which you may consider
as done to me, and my motive for asking it is to acquit myself of my debt to them. If
my heart was not too soft for my profession, answered the alguazil, I should lodge
these pretty gentlemen in limbo, in defiance of all your pleadings in their favour; but
your eloquence and my susceptibility have relaxed the stern demeanour of justice for
this evening. Let them, however, leave town on the spur of the occasion: for if I come
across them to-morrow, and there is any faith in an alguazil, they shall see such sport
as will be no sport to them.
When it was signified to Moralez and me, culprits as we were, that we were to
be let off scot free, we polished up the brass upon our foreheads a little. It was time
now to bounce and swagger, and to maintain that we were men of undeniable
respectability; but the alguazil looked askew at us, and muttered that least said was
soonest mended. I do not know how, but those gentry have a strange knack of curbing
our genius; they are complete lords of the ascendant. Florence and her dowry
therefore were lost to Pedro de la Membrilla by a turn of the dice, and we may
conclude that he was received as the son-in-law of Jerome de Moyadas. I took to my
heels with my companion. We blundered on the road to Truxillo, with the consolation
at our hearts of having at least pocketed a hundred pistoles by our frolic. An hour
before night-fall we passed through a little village with the intention of putting up for
the evening at the next stage. An inn of very tolerable appearance for the place
attracted our notice. The landlord and landlady were sitting at the door, on a long
bench such as usually graces a pot-house porch. Our host, a tall man, withered, and
with one foot in the grave, was tinkling on a cracked guitar to the unbounded
emolument of his wife, whose faculties seemed to hang in rapture on the performance.
Gentlemen, cried out the intrepid tavern-keeper, when he found that we were not upon
the halt, you will do well to stop here; you may fare worse further off. There is a devil
of a three leagues to the nearest village, and you will find nothing to make you
amends for what you leave behind; you may assure yourselves of that. Take a word of
advice, know when you are well used; I will treat you with the fat of the land, and
charge you at the lowest rate. There was no resisting such a plea. We came up to our
courteous entertainers, paid them the compliments of course, and sitting down by their
side, the conversation was supported by all four on the indifferent topics of the day.
Our host announced himself as an officer of the Holy Brotherhood, and his rib was a

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fat laughing squab of a woman, withoutward good-nature, but with an eye to make the
most of her commodities.
Our discourse was broken in upon by the arrival of from twelve to fifteen
riders, some mounted on mules, others on horseback, followed by about thirty
sumpter-mules laden with packages. Ah! what a princely retinue! exclaimed the
landlord at the sight of so much company: where can I put them all? In an instant the
village was crammed full of men and beasts. As luck would have it, there was near the
inn an immense barn, where the sumpter mules and their packages were secured; the
saddle-mules and horses were taken care of in other places. As for their masters, they
thought less about bespeaking beds than about calling for the bill of fare, and ordering
a good supper. The host and hostess, with a servant girl whom they kept, were all
upon the alert to make things agreeable. They laid a heavy hand upon all the fowls in
the poultry-yard. These precious roasts, with some undisguised rabbits, cats in the
masquerade of a fricassee, and a deluging tureen of soup, stinking of cabbage and
greasy with mutton fat, were enough to have given a sickener to the inveterate
stomachs of a regiment.
As for Moralez and myself, we cast a scrutinizing eye on these troopers, nor
were they behindhand in passing their secret judgments upon us. At last we came
together in conversation, and it was proposed on our part, if they had no objection,
that we should all sup together. They assured us that they should be extremely happy
in our company. Here we are, then, all seated round the table. There was one among
them who seemed to take the lead; and for whom the rest, though in the main they
were on the most intimate terms with him, thought it necessary on some occasions to
testify their deference. In case of a dispute, this high gentleman assumed the umpire,
he talked in a tone above the common pitch, going so far sometimes as to contradict in
no very courtly phrase the sentiments of others, who, far from giving him back his
own, were ready to swear to his assertions and crouch under his rebuke. By accident
the discourse turned on Andalusia. Moralez happening to launch out into the praise of
Seville, the man about whom I have been talking said to him -- My good fellow-
traveller, you are ringing the chimes on the city which gave birth to me; at least I am a
native of the neighbourhood, since the little town of Mayrena is answerable for my
appearance in the world. I have the same story to tell you, answered my companion. I
am also of Mayrena; and it is scarcely possible but that our families should be
acquainted. Whose son are you? An honest notary's, replied the stranger, by name
Martin Moralez. As fate will have it, exclaimed my comrade with emotion, the
adventure is very remarkable! You are then my eldest brother, Manuel Moralez?
Exactly so, said the other, and if my senses do not deceive me, you your very self are
my little brother Lewis, whom I left in the cradle when I turned my back upon my
father's house? You are right in your conjectures, answered my honest colleague. At
this discovery they both got up from table, and almost hugged the breath out of each
other's bodies. At last Signor Manuel said to the company -- Gentlemen, this
circumstance is altogether marvellous. By mere chance, I have met with a brother and
have been challenged by him, whom I have not seen for more than twenty years:
allow me to introduce him. At once all the travellers, who had risen from their seats
out of curiosity and good manners, paid their compliments to the younger Moralez,
and made him run the gauntlet through their salutations. When these were over, the
party returned to the table, nor did they think any more of an adjournment. Bed-time
never entered. into their heads. The two brothers sat next to one another, and talked in
a whisper about their family affairs; the other guests plied the bottle, and made merry
in a louder key.

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Lewis had a long conference with Manuel; and afterwards, taking me aside,
said to me: All these troopers belong to the household of the Count de Montanos,
whom the king has very lately appointed to the vice-regal government of Majorca.
They are convoying the equipage of the viceroy to Alicant, where they are to embark.
My brother, who has risen to be steward to that noble man, proposes to take me along
with him; and on the difficulty I started about leaving you, he told me that if you
would be of the party, he would procure you a good berth. My dear friend, pursued
he, I advise you not to stand out against this proposal. Let us take flight together for
the island of Majorca. If we find our quarters pleasant, we will fix there; and if they
are otherwise, we have nothing to do but to return into Spain.
I accepted the proposal with the best grace possible. What a reinforcement, in
the person of young Moralez and myself, to the household of the count! We took our
departure in a body from the inn, before daybreak. We got to the city of Alicant by
long stages, and there I bought a guitar, and arranged my dress in a manner suited to
my new destination, before we embarked. Nothing ran in my head but the island of
Majorca; and Lewis Moralez was a new man as well as myself. It should seem as
though we had bid farewell to the rogueries of this wicked world. Yet, not to play the
liar in the ear of so rigorous a confessor as my own conscience, we had a mind not to
pass for villains incarnate, now that we had got into company that had some
pretensions to decency: and that was the sum total of our honesty. The natural bent of
our genius remained much the same; we were still men of business, but just now
keeping a vacation. In short, we went on board gallantly and gaily in this lucid
interval of innocence, and had no idea but of landing at Majorca under the especial
care of Neptune and AEolus. Hardly, however, had we cleared the gulf of Alicant,
when a sudden and violent storm arose, enough to have frightened better men. Now is
my opportunity, or never, to speak of moving accidents by flood; to set the
atmosphere on fire, and give a louder explosion to the thunder-cloud; to compare the
whistling of the winds to the factions of a populace, and the rolling of the waves to the
shock of conflicting hosts; with other such old-fashioned phraseologies as have been
heirlooms of Parnassus from time immemorial. But it is useless to be poetical without
invention. Suffice it therefore to say, in slang metaphor, that the storm was a devil of a
storm, and obliged us to stand in for the point of Cabrera. This is a desert island, with
a small fort, at that time garrisoned by an officer and five or six soldiers. Our
reception was hospitable and cordial.
As it was necessary for us to stay there some days, for the purpose of refitting
our sails and rigging, we devised various kinds of amusements to keep off the foul
fiend, melancholy. Every one did as seemed good in his own eyes: some played at
cards, others diverted themselves in other ways; but as for me, I went about exploring
the island, with such of our gentry as had either a curiosity or a taste for the
picturesque. We were frequently obliged to clamber from rock to rock; for the face of
the country is rugged, and the soil scanty, presenting a scene difficult of access, but
interesting from its wildness. One day, while we were speculating on these dry and
barren prospects, and extracting a moral from the vagaries of nature, who can swell
into the fruitful mother and the copious nurse, or shrink into the lean and loathsome
skeleton as she pleases, our sense was all at once regaled with a most delicious
fragrance. We turned as with a common impulse towards the east, whence the scented
gale seemed to come. To our utter astonishment, we discovered among the rocks a
green plat of considerable dimensions, gay with honeysuckles more luxuriant and
more odorous than even those which thrive so greatly in the climate of Andalusia. We
were not sorry to approach nearer these delicious shrubs, which were wasting their

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sweetness in such unchecked profusion, when it turned out that they lined the entrance
of a very deep cavern. The opening was wide, and the recess in consequence partially
illuminated. We were determined to explore; and descended by some stone steps
overgrown with flowers on each side, so that it was difficult to say whether the
approach was formed by art or nature. When we had got down, we saw several little
streams winding over a sand, the yellow lustre of which outrivalled gold. These drew
their sources from the continual distillations of the rock within, and lost themselves
again in the hollows of the ground. The water looked so clear, that we were tempted
to drink of it; and such was its freshness, that we made a party to return the next day,
with some bottles of generous wine, which we were persuaded would acquire new
zest from the retreat where they were to be quaffed.
It was not without regret that we left so agreeable a place: nor did we omit, on
our return to the fort, boasting among our comrades of so interesting a discovery. The
commander of the fortress, however, with the warmest professions of friendship,
warned us against going any more to the cavern, with which we were so much
delighted. And why so? said I, is there anything to be afraid of? Most undoubtedly,
answered he. The corsairs of Algiers and Tripoli sometimes land upon this island, for
the purpose of watering at that spring. One day they surprised two soldiers of my
garrison there, whom they carried into slavery. It was in vain that the officer assumed
a tone of kind dissuasion; nothing could prevent us from going. We fancied that he
meant to play upon our fears; and the day following I returned to the cavern with three
adventurous blades of our establishment. We were even fool-hardy enough to leave
our fire-arms behind as a sort of bravado. Young Moralez declined being of the party:
the fort and the gaming-table had more charms for him, as well as for his brother.
We went down to the bottom of the cave, as on the preceding day, and set
some bottles of the wine we had brought with us to cool in the rivulets. While we
were enjoying them in all the luxury of elegant conviviality, our wits set in motion by
the novelty of the scene, and the echo reverberating to the music of our guitars, we
espied at the mouth of the cavern several abominable faces overgrown with whiskers;
neither did their turbans and Turkish dresses render them a whit more amiable in our
conceits. We nevertheless took it into our heads that it was a frolic of our own party,
set on by the commanding officer of the fort, and that they had disguised themselves
for the purpose of playing us a trick. With this impression on our minds, we set up a
horse- laugh, and allowed a quiet entrance to about ten, without thinking of making
any resistance. In a few moments our eyes were opened to that fatal error, and we
were convinced, in sober sadness, that it was a corsair at the head of his crew, come to
carry us away. Surrender, you Christian dogs, cried he in most outlandish Castilian, or
prepare for instant death. At the same time the men who accompanied him levelled
their pieces at us, and our ribs would have been well lined with the contents, if we had
resisted in the least. Slavery seemed the better alternative than death, so that we
delivered our swords to the pirate. He ordered us to be handcuffed and carried on
board his vessel, which was moored not far off; then, setting sail, he steered with a
fair wind towards Algiers.
Thus were we punished for having neglected the warning given us by the
officer of the garrison. The first thing the corsair did was to put his hand into our
pockets and make free with our money. No bad windfall for him! The two hundred
pistoles from the greenhorns at Placentia; the hundred which Moralez had received
from Jerome de Moyadas, and which, as ill luck would have it, were in my custody;
all this was swept away without a single qualm of conscience. My companions too
had their purses well lined; and it was all fish that came to the net. The pirate seemed

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to chuckle at so successful a drag; and the scoundrel, not contented with chousing us
of our cash, insulted us with his infernal Moorish witticisms: but the edge of his satire
was not half so keen as the dire necessity which made us the subject of it. After a
thousand clumsy sarcasms, he called for the bottles which we had set to cool in the
fountain; those irreligious Mahometans not having scrupled to load their consciences
with the conveyance of the unholy fermentation. The master and his man pledged one
another in many a Christian bumper, and drank to our better acquaintance with a most
provoking mockery.
While this farce was acting, my comrades wore a hanging look, which testified
how pleasantly their thoughts were employed. They were so much the more out of
conceit with their captivity, as they thought they had drawn a prize in the lottery of
human life. The island of Majorca, with all its luxuries and delights, was a melancholy
contrast with their present situation. For my part, I had the good sense to take things
as I found them. Less put out of my way by my misfortune than the rest, I joined in
conversation with this transmarine joker, and shewed him that wit was the common
language of Africa and of Europe. He was pleased with my accommodating spirit.
Young man, said he, instead of groaning and sighing, you do well to arm yourself
with patience, and to fall in with the current of your destiny. Play us a little air,
continued he, observing that I had a guitar by my side; let us have a specimen of your
skill. I complied with his command, as soon as my arms were loosened from their
confinement, and began to thrum away in a style that drew down the applauses of my
discerning audience. It is true that I had been taught by the best master in Madrid, and
that I played very tolerably for an amateur upon that instrument. A song was then
called for, and my voice gave equal satisfaction. All the Turks on board testified by
gestures of admiration the delight with which my performance inspired them; from
which circumstance it was but modest to conclude, that vocal music had made no very
extraordinary progress in their part of the world. The pirate whispered in my ear, that
my slavery should be no disadvantage to me; and that with my talents I might reckon
upon an employment, by which my lot would be rendered not only supportable, but
happy.
I felt somewhat encouraged by these assurances; but flattering as they were, I
was not without my uneasiness as to the employment, which the corsair held out as a
nameless, but invaluable boon. When we arrived in the port of Algiers, a great number
of persons were collected to receive us; and we had not yet disembarked, when they
uttered a thousand shouts of joy. Add to this, that the air re-echoed with a confused
sound of trumpets, of Moorish flutes, and of other instruments, the fashion of that
country, forming a symphony of deafening clangour, but very doubtful harmony. The
occasion of these rejoicings proceeded from a false report, which had been current
about the town. It had been the general talk that the renegado Mahomet, meaning our
amiable pirate, had lost his life in the attack of a large Genoese vessel; so that all his
friends, informed of his return, were eager to hail him with these thundering
demonstrations of attachment.
We had no sooner set foot on shore, than my companions and myself were
conducted to the palace of the bashaw Soliman, where a Christian secretary,
questioning us individually one after another, inquired into our names, our ages, our
country, our religion, and our qualifications. Then Mahomet, presenting me to the
bashaw, paid my voice more compliments than it deserved, and told him that I played
on the guitar with a most ravishing expression. This was enough to influence Soliman
in his choice of me for his own immediate service. I took up my abode therefore in his
seraglio. The other captives were led into the public market, and sold there at the

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usual rate of Christian cattle. What Mahomet had foretold to me on ship-board was
completely verified; my condition was exactly to my mind. I was not consigned to the
stronghold of a prison, nor kept to any works of oppressive labour. My indulgent
master stationed me in a particular quarter, with five or six slaves of superior rank,
who were in momentary expectation of being ransomed, and were therefore favoured
in the distribution of our tasks. The care of watering the orange-trees and flowers in
the gardens was allotted as my portion. There could not be a more agreeable or less
fatiguing employment.
Soliman was a man about forty years of age, well made as to figure, tolerably
accomplished as to his mind, and as much of a lady's man as could be expected from a
Turk. His favourite was a Cashmirian, whose wit and beauty had acquired an absolute
dominion over his affections. He loved her even to idolatry. Not a day but he paid his
court to her by some elegant entertainment; at one time a concert of vocal and
instrumental music, at another, a dramatic performance after the fashion of the Turks,
which fashion implies a loose sort of comedy, where moral and modesty enter about
as much into the contemplation of the contriver, as do Aristotle and his unities. The
favourite, whose name was Farrukhnaz, was passionately enamoured of these
exhibitions; she sometimes even got up among her own women some Arabian
melodramas to be performed before her admirer. She took some of the parts herself;
and charmed the spectators by the abundant grace and vivacity of her action. One day
when I was among the musicians at one of these representations, Soliman ordered me
to play on the guitar, and to sing a solo between the acts of the piece. I had the good
fortune to give satisfaction, and was received with applause. The favourite herself, if
my vanity did not mislead me, cast glances towards me of no unfavourable
interpretation.
On the next day, as I was watering the orange-trees in the gardens, there
passed close by me an eunuch, who, without stopping or saying a word, threw down a
note at my feet. I picked it up with an emotion, strangely compounded of pleasure and
alarm. I crouched upon the ground, for fear of being observed from the windows of
the seraglio; and, concealing myself behind the boxes in which the orange-trees were
planted, opened this unexpected enclosure. There I found a diamond of very
considerable value, and these words, in genuine Castilian: "Young Christian, return
thanks to heaven for your captivity. Love and fortune will render it the harbinger of
your bliss: love, if you are alive to the attractions of a fine person, and fortune, if you
have the hardihood to confront danger in every direction."
I could not for a moment doubt that the letter was written by the favourite
sultana; the style and the diamond were more than presumptive evidence against her.
Besides that nature did not cast me in the mould of a coward, the vanity of keeping up
a good understanding with the mistress of a scoundrelly Mahometan in office, and,
more than all the temptations of vanity or inclination, the hope of cajoling her out of
four times as much as the curmudgeon her master would demand for my ransom, put
me into conceit with. the intention of trying my luck at a venture, whatever risk might
be incurred in the experiment. I went on with my gardening, but always harping on
the means of getting into the apartment of Farrukhnaz, or rather waiting till she
opened a door of communication; for I was clearly of opinion that she would not stop
upon the threshold, but meet me half way in the career of love and danger. My
conjecture was not altogether without foundation. The same eunuch who had led me
into this amorous reverie passed the same way an hour afterwards, and said to me:
Christian, have you communed with your own determinations, and will you win a fair
lady, by abjuring a faint heart? I answered in the affirmative. Well, then, rejoined he,

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heaven sprinkle its dew upon your resolutions! You shall see me betimes to-morrow
morning. With this comfortable assurance, he withdrew. The following day, I actually
saw him make his appearance about eight o'clock in the morning. He made a signal
for me to go along with him: I obeyed the summons; and he conducted me into a hall
where was a large wrapper of canvas which he and another eunuch had just brought
thither, with the design of carrying it to the sultana's apartment, for the purpose of
furnishing a scene for an Arabian pantomime, in preparation for the amusement of the
bashaw.
The two eunuchs unrolled the cloth, and laid me at my length on the
proscenium; then, at the risk of turning the farce into a tragedy by stifling me, they
rolled it up again, with its palpitating contents. In the next place, taking hold of it at
each end, they conveyed me with impunity by this device into the chamber devoted to
the repose of the beautiful Cashmirian. She was alone with an old slave devoted to her
wishes. They helped each other to unroll their precious bale of goods; and Farrukhnaz,
at the sight of her consignment, set up such an alarm of delight, as exhibited the
woman of the East, without for getting her prurient propensities. With all my natural
bias towards adventure, I could not recognize myself as at once transported into the
private apartment of the women, without something like an inauspicious damp upon
my joy. The lady was aware of my feelings, and anxious to dissipate the unpleasant
part of them, Young man, said she, you have nothing to fear. Soliman is just gone to
his country-house: he is safely lodged for the day; so that we shall be able to entertain
one another here at our ease.
Hints like these rallied my scattered spirits, and gave a cast to my countenance
which confirmed the speculation of the favourite. You have won my heart, pursued
she, and it is in my contemplation to soften the severity of your bondage. You seem to
be worthy of the sentiments which I have conceived for you. Though disguised under
the garb of a slave, your air is noble, and your physiognomy of a character to
recommend you to the good graces of a lady. Such an exterior must belong to one
above the common. Unbosom yourself to me in confidence; tell me who you are. I
know that captives of superior condition and family disguise their real circumstances,
to be redeemed at a lower rate; but you have no inducement to practise such a
deception on me; and it would even be a precaution revolting to my designs in your
favour, since I here pledge myself for your liberty. Deal with sincerity, therefore, and
own to me at once that you are a youth of illustrious rank. In good earnest then,
madam, answered I, it would ill become me to repay your generous partiality with
dissimulation. You are absolutely bent upon it, that I should entrust you with the
secret of my quality, and commands like yours are not to be questioned or resisted. I
am the son of a Spanish grandee. And so it might actually have been, for anything that
I know to the contrary; at all events, the sultana gave me credit for it, so that with
considerable self-congratulation, at having fixed her regard on a gentleman of some
little figure in the world, she assured me that it only depended on herself, whether or
no we should meet pretty often in private. In fact, we were no niggards of our mutual
good-will at the very first approaches. I never met with a woman who was more what
a man wishes her to be. She was besides an expert linguist, above all in Castilian,
which she spoke with fluency and purity. When she conceived it to be time for us to
part, I got by her order into a large osier basket, with an embroidered silk covering of
her own manufacture; then the two slaves who had brought me in were called, to carry
me out as a present from the favourite to her deluded lord; for under this pretence it is
easy to screen any amorous exports from the inspection of the officers entrusted with
the superintendence of the women.

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As for Farrukhnaz and myself, we were not slack in other devices to bring us
together; and that lovely captive inspired me by degrees with as much love as she
herself entertained for me. Our good understanding was kept a profound secret for full
two months, notwithstanding the extreme difficulty in a seraglio of veiling the
mysteries of love for any length of time from those uninitiated, whose eyes are
jaundiced by their own disqualification. Neither was the discovery made at last by the
means of envious spies. An unlucky chance disconcerted all our little arrangements,
and the features of my fortune were at once aggravated into a frown. One day when I
had been introduced into the presence of the sultana, in the body of an artificial
dragon, invented as a machine for a spectacle, while we were parleying most amicably
together, Soliman, to whom we had given credit for having gone out of town, made
his unwelcome appearance. He entered so abruptly into his favourite's apartment, as
scarcely to leave time for the old slave to give us notice of his approach. Still less was
there any opportunity to conceal me. Thus therefore, with all my enormities on my
head, was I the first object which presented itself to the astonished eyes of the bashaw.
He seemed considerably startled at the sight; and his countenance flashed with
indignation on the instant. I considered myself as a wretch just hovering on the brink
of the grave; and death seemed arrayed in all the paraphernalia of torture. As for
Farrukhnaz, it was very evident, in good truth, that she was miserably frightened; but
instead of owning her crime and imploring pardon, she said to Soliman: My lord,
before you pronounce my sentence, be pleased to hear my defence. Appearances,
doubtless, condemn me; and it must strike you that I have committed an act of
treason, worthy the most dreadful punishments. It is true, I have brought this young
captive hither; it is true that I have introduced him into my apartment, with just such
artifices as I should have used if I had entertained a violent passion for him. And yet, I
call our great prophet to witness, in spite of these seeming irregularities, I am not
faithless to you. It was my wish to converse with this Christian slave, for the purpose
of disengaging him from his own sect, and proselytising him to that of the true
believers. But I have found in him a principle of resistance for which I was not well
prepared. I have, however, conquered his prejudices; and he came to give me an
assurance that he would embrace Mahometanism.
I do not mean to deny that it was an act of duty to have contradicted the
favourite flatly, without paying the least attention to the dangerous predicament in
which I stood: but my spirits were taken by surprise; the beloved partner of my
imprudence was hovering on the brink of perdition; and my own fate was involved
with hers. How could I do otherwise than give a silent and perturbed assent to her
impious fiction? My tongue, indeed, refused to ratify it; but the bashaw, persuaded by
my acquiescence that his mistress had told him the whole truth and nothing but the
truth, suffered his angry spirit to be tranquillized. Madam, answered he, I am willing
to believe that you have committed no infidelity towards me; and that the desire of
doing a thing agreeable to the prophet has been the means of leading you on to risk so
hazardous and delicate a proceeding. I forgive, therefore, your imprudence, on
condition that this captive assumes the turban on the spot. He sent immediately for a
priest to initiate me. [These wandering priests are at present known in Africa by the
name of Marabut. The first gymnosophists of Ethiopia most probably were nothing
more. -- TRANSLATOR.] My dress was changed with all due ceremony into the
Turkish. They did just what they pleased with me; nor had I the courage to object: or,
to do myself more justice, I knew not what was becoming of me, in so dreadful a
disorder of all my faculties and feelings. There are other good Christians in the world,
who have been guilty of apostatizing on less imminent emergencies!

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After the ceremony, I took my leave of the seraglio, to go and possess myself,
under the name of Sidy Hali, of an inferior office which Soliman had given me. I
never saw the sultana more; but an eunuch of hers came one day to look after me. He
brought with him, as a present from his mistress, jewels to a very considerable
amount, accompanied with a letter, in which the lady assured me she should never
forget my generous compliance, in turning Mahometan to save her life. In point of
fact, besides these rich gifts, lavished upon me by Farrukhnaz, I obtained through her
interest a more considerable employment than my first, and in the course of six or
seven years became one of the richest renegadoes in the town of Algiers.
You must be perfectly aware, that if I assisted at the prayers put up by the
Mussulmen in their mosques, or fulfilled the other observances of their religion, it was
all a mere copy of my countenance. My inclination was always uniform and
determined, as to returning before my death into the bosom of our holy church; and
with this view I looked forward to withdrawing some time or other into Spain or Italy
with the riches I should have accumulated. But there seemed no reason whatever
against enjoying life in the interval. I was established in a magnificent mansion, with
gardens of extent and beauty, a numerous train of slaves, and a well-appointed
equipage of pretty girls in my seraglio. Though the Mahometans are forbidden the use
of wine in that country, they are not backward for the most part in their stolen
libations. As for me, my orgies were without either a mask or a blush, after the
manner of my brother renegadoes. I remember in particular two of my bottle
companions, with whom I often drank down the night before we rose from table. One
was a Jew, and the other an Arabian. I took them to be good sort of people; and, with
that impression, lived in unconstrained familiarity with them. One evening I invited
them to sup at my house. On that very day a dog of mine died -- it was a pet; we
performed our pious ablutions on his lifeless clay, and buried him with all the solemn
obsequies attendant on a Mahometan funeral. This act of ours was not designed to
turn the religion we outwardly professed into ridicule; it was only to furnish ourselves
with amusement, and give loose to a ludicrous whim which struck us in the moment
of jollity, that of paying the last offices of humanity to my dog.
This action was, however, very near laying me by the heels. On the following
day there came a fellow to my house, saying, Master Sidy Hali, it is no laughing
matter that induces me to pay you this visit. My employer, the cadi, wants to have a
word in your ear; be so good, if you please, as just to step to his office, without loss of
time. An Arabian merchant, who supped with you last night, has laid an information
respecting a certain act of irreverence perpetrated by you, on occasion of a dog which
you buried. It is on that charge that I summon you to appear this day before the judge;
and in case of failure, you are hereby warned that you will be the subject of a criminal
prosecution. Away went he, leaving me to digest his discourse; but the citation stuck
in my throat, and took away my appetite. The Arabian had no reason whatever to set
his face against me; and I could not comprehend the meaning of the dog's trick the
scoundrel had played me. The circumstance at all events demanded my prompt
attention. I knew the cadi's character: a saint on the outside, but a sinner in his heart.
Away went I therefore to wait on this judge, but not with empty pockets. He sent for
me into his private room, and began upon me in all the vehemence of pious
indignation: You are a fellow rejected out of paradise! a blasphemer of our holy law!
a man loathsome and abominable to look upon! You have performed the funeral
service of a Mussulman over a dog. What an act of sacrilege! Is it thus, then, that you
reverence our most holy ceremonies? Have you only turned Mahometan to laugh at
our devotions and our rites? My honoured master, answered I, the Arabian who has

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told you such a cock-and-bull story is a wolf in sheep's clothing; and more than that,
he is even an accomplice in my crime, if it is one, to grant such rest as to peace-parted
souls to a faithful household servant, to an animal with more good qualities than half
the two-legged Mahometans out of Christendom. His attachment besides to people of
merit and consideration in the world was at once moral and sensible; and at his death
he left several little tokens of remembrance to his friends. By his last will and
testament, he bequeathed his effects in the manner therein mentioned, and did me the
honour to name me for his executor. This old crony came in for twenty crowns, that
for thirty, and another for a cool hundred; but your worship is interested deeply in this
instrument, pursued I, drawing out my purse; he has left you residuary legatee, and
here is the amount of the bequest. The cadi's gravity could not but relax, after the
posthumous kindness of his deceased friend; and he laughed outright in the face of the
mock executor. As we were alone, there was no occasion to make wry mouths at the
purse, and my acquittal was pronounced in these words: Go, Master Sidy Hali; it was
a very pious act of yours, to enlarge the obsequies of a dog, who had so manly a
fellow-feeling for honest folks.
By this device I got out of the scrape; and if the hint did not increase my
religion, it doubled my circumspection. I was determined no longer to open either my
cellar or my soul in presence of Arabian or Jew. My bottle companion henceforward
was a young gentleman from Leghorn, who had the happiness of being my slave. His
name was Azarini. I was of another kidney from renegadoes in general, who impose
greater hardships on their Christian slaves than do the Turks themselves. All my
captives waited for the period of their ransom, without any impatient hankering after
home. My behaviour to them was, in truth, so gentle and fatherly, that many of them
assured me they were more afraid of changing their master than anxious after their
liberty; whatever magic that word may have to the ears of those who have felt what it
is to be deprived of it.
One day the bashaw's corsairs came into port with considerable prizes. Their
cargo amounted to more than a hundred slaves of either sex, carried off from the
Spanish coast. Soliman retained but a very small number, and all the rest were sold. I
happened to go to market, and bought a Spanish girl, ten or twelve years old. She
cried as if her heart would break, and looked the picture of despair. It seemed strange,
that at her age slavery should make such an impression on her. I told her, in Castilian,
to combat with her terrors: and assured her that she was fallen into the hands of a
master who had not put off humanity when he took up the turban. The little mourner,
not initiated in the trade of grief, pursued the subject of her lamentations without
listening to me. Her whole soul seemed to be breathed in her sighs; she descanted on
her wretched fate, and exclaimed from time to time in softened accents: O my mother,
why were we ever parted? I could bear my lot with patience, might we share it
together. With these lamentations on her lips, she turned round towards a woman of
from five-and-forty to fifty, standing at the distance of several paces, and waiting with
her eyes fixed to the ground, in a determined, sullen silence, till she met with a
purchaser. I asked my young bargain if the lady she was looking at was her mother.
Alas! she is, indeed, sir, replied the girl; for the love of God, do not let me be parted
from her. Well, then, my distressed little damsel, said I, if it will give you any
pleasure, there is no more to do than to settle you both in the same quarters, and then
you will give over your murmuring. On the very moment I went up to the mother,
with the intention of cheapening her; but no sooner did I cast my eyes on her face,
than I knew again, with what emotion you may guess! the very form and pressure of
Lucinda. Just heaven! said I within myself; this is my mother! Nature whispers it in

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my ear, and can I doubt her evidence? On her part, whether a keen resentment of her
woes pointed out an enemy in every object on which she glanced, or else it might be
my dress that disfigured me; . . . . or else I might have grown a little older in about a
dozen years since she had seen me . . . . but however historians may account for it, she
did not know me. But I knew her, and bought her: the pair were sent home to my
house.
When they were safely lodged, I wished to surprise them with the pleasure of
ascertaining who I was. Madam, said I to Lucinda, is it possible that my features
should not strike you? 'Tis true, I wear whiskers and a turban: but is Raphael less your
son for that? My mother thrilled through all her frame at these words, looked at me
with an eager gaze, my whole self rushed into her recollection, and into each other's
arms we affectionately flew. I then caressed, in moderated ecstasies, her daughter,
who perhaps knew as much about having a brother as I did about having a sister. Tell
the truth, said I to my mother; in all your theatrical discoveries, did you ever meet
with one so truly natural and dramatic as this? My dear son, answered she, in an
accent of sorrow, the first sight of you after so long a separation overwhelmed me
with joy, but the revulsion was only the more deeply distressing. In what condition,
alas! do I again behold you? My own slavery is a thousand times less revolting to my
feelings than the disgraceful habiliments . . . . Heyday! By all the powers, madam,
interrupted I with a hearty laugh, I am quite delighted with your newly-acquired
morality: this is excellent in an actress. Well! well! as heaven is my judge, my
honoured mamma, you are mightily improved in your principles, if my transformation
astounds your religious eyesight. So far from quarrelling with your turban, consider
me rather as an actor, playing a Turkish character on the stage of the world. Though a
conformist, I am just as much a Mussulman as when I was in Spain; nay, in the
bottom of my heart, I never was a more firm believer in our Christian creed than at the
present moment. When you shall become acquainted with all my hair-breadth escapes,
since I have been domesticated in this country, you will not be rigorous in your
censure. Love has been the cause of my apostasy, and he who worships at that shrine
may be absolved from all other infidelities. I have a little of my mother in me, take my
word for it. Another reason besides ought to moderate your disgust at seeing me under
my present circumstances. You were expecting to experience a harsh captivity in
Algiers, but you find in your protector a son, with all the tenderness and reverence
befitting his relation to you, and rich enough to maintain you here in plenty and
comfort, till a favourable opportunity offers of returning with safety into Spain.
Admit, therefore, the force of the proverb, which says that evil itself is good for
something.
My dear son, said Lucinda, since you fully intend one day to go back into your
own country, and to throw off the mantle of Mahomet, my scruples are all satisfied.
Thanks to heaven, continued she, I shall be able to carry back your sister Beatrice safe
and sound into Castile. Yes, madam, exclaimed I, so you may. We will all three, as
soon as the season may serve, go and throw ourselves into the bosom of our family:
for I make no matter of doubt but you have still in Spain other indisputable evidences
of your prolific powers. No, said my mother, I have only you two, the offspring of my
body; and you are to know that Beatrice is the fruit of a marriage, manufactured in as
workmanlike a manner as any within the pale of the church. And pray, for what
reason, replied I, might not my little sister have been just as contraband as myself?
How did you ever work yourself up to the formidable resolution of marrying? I have
heard you say a hundred times, in my childhood, that there was no benefit of clergy
for a pretty woman who could commit such an offence as to take up with a husband.

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Times and seasons ebb and flow, my son, rejoined she. Men of the most resolute
character may be shaken in their purposes: and do you require that a woman should be
inflexible in hers? But I will now relate to you the story of my life since your
departure from Madrid. She then began the following recital, which will never be
obliterated from my memory. I will not withhold from you so curious a narrative.
It is nearly thirteen years, if you recollect, said my mother, since you left
young Leganez. Just at that time, the Duke of Medina Coeli told me that he had a
mind to sup with me one evening in private. The day was fixed. I made preparations
for his reception: he came, and I pleased him. He required from me the sacrifice of all
his rivals, past, present, and to come. I came into his terms, in the hope of being well
paid for my complaisance. There was no deficiency on that score. On the very next
morning, I received presents from him, which were followed up by a long train of
kindred attentions. I was afraid of not being able to hold in my chains a man of his
exalted rank: and this apprehension was the better founded, because it was a matter of
notoriety, that he had escaped from the clutches of several celebrated beauties, whose
chains he had worn, only for the purpose of breaking. But for all that, so far from
surfeiting on the relish of my kindness, his appetite grew by what it fed on. In short, I
found out the secret of entertaining him, and impounding his heart, naturally roving,
so that it should not go astray according to its usual volatility.
He had now been my admirer for three months, and I had every reason to
flatter myself that the arrangement would be lasting, when a lady of my acquaintance
and myself happened to go to an assembly, where the duchess his wife was of the
party. We were invited to a concert of vocal and instrumental music. We accidentally
seated ourselves too near the duchess, who took it into her head to be affronted, that I
should exhibit my person in a place where she was. She sent me word by one of her
women, that she should take it as a favour if I would quit the room immediately. I sent
back an answer, just as saucy as the message. The duchess, irritated to fury, laid her
wrongs before her husband, who came to me in person, and said: Retire, Lucinda.
Though noblemen of the first rank attach themselves to pretty playthings like yourself,
it is highly unbecoming in you to forget your proper distance. If we love you better
than our wives, we honour our wives more than you: whenever, therefore, your
insolence shall go so far as to set yourselves up for their rivals under their very noses,
you will always be mortified, and made to know your places.
Fortunately the duke held his cruel language to me in so low a tone of voice as
not to have been overheard by the people about us. I withdrew in deep confusion, and
cried with vexation at having incurred such an affront. At once, to crown my shame
and aggravate my chastisement, the actors and actresses got hold of the story on the
very same evening. To do them justice, these gentry must contrive to entertain a
familiar spirit, whose business is to fly about, and whisper in the ear of one whatever
falls out amiss to the other. Suppose, for instance, that an actor gets drunk and makes
a fool of himself; or an actress gets hold of a rich cully and makes a fool of him! The
green-room is sure to ring with all the particulars, and a few more than are true. All
my kindred of the sock and buskin were informed at once of what had happened at the
concert, and a blessed life they led me with their quips and quiddities. Never was
there charity like theirs. Without beginning at home, heaven only knows where it
ends! But I held myself too high to be affected by their jibes and jeers: nor did even
the loss of the Duke de Medina Coeli hang heavy on my spirits; for true it was, I never
saw him more at my toilette, but learned, a very short time after, that he had got into
the trammels of a little warbler.

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When a theatrical lady has the good luck to be in fashion, she may change her
lover as often as her petticoat: and one noble fool, should he even recover his wits at
the end of three days, serves excellently well for a decoy to his successor. No sooner
was it buzzed about Madrid, that the duke had raised the siege, than a new host of
would-be conquerors appeared before the trenches. The very rivals whom I had
sacrificed to his wishes, looking at my charms through the magnifying medium of
delay and disappointment, came back again in crowds to encounter new caprices; to
say nothing of a thousand fresh hearts, ready to bargain on the mere report of my
being to let. I had never been so exclusively the mode. Of all the men who put in for
being cajoled by me, a portly German, belonging to the Duke of Ossuna's household,
seemed to bid highest. Not that his personal attractions were by any means the most
catching; but then there were a thousand amiable pistoles on the list of candidates,
scraped together by perquisites in his master's service, and turned adrift with the
prodigality of a prince, in the hope of becoming my favoured lover. This fat pigeon to
be plucked was by name Brutandorf. As long as his pockets were lined, his reception
was warm: empty purses meet.with fastened doors. The principles on which my
friendship rested were not altogether to his taste. He came to the play to look after me
during the performance. I was behind the scenes. It was his humour to load me with
reproaches; it was mine to laugh in his face. This provoked his boorish wrath, and he
gave me a box on the ear, like a clumsy- fisted German as he was. I set up a loud
scream: the business of the stage was suspended. I came forward to the front, and,
addressing the Duke of Ossuna, who was at the play on that occasion with his lady
duchess, begged his protection from the German gallantry of his establishment. The
duke gave orders for our proceeding with the piece, and intimated that he would hear
the parties after the curtain had dropped. At the conclusion of the play I presented
myself in all the dreary pomp of tragedy before the duke, and laid open my griefs in
all the majesty of woe. As for my German pugilist, his defence was on a level with his
provocation; so far from being sorry for what he had done, his fingers itched to give
me another dressing. The cause being heard pro and con, the Duke of Ossuna said to
his Scandinavian savage: Brutandorf I dismiss you from my service, and beg never to
see anything more of you, not because you have given a box on the ear to an actress,
but for your failure in respect to your master and mistress, in having presumed to
interrupt the progress of the play in their presence.
This decision was a bitter pill for me to swallow. It was high treason against
my histrionic majesty, that the German was not turned off on the ground of having
insulted me. It seemed difficult to conceive the possibility of a greater crime than that
of insulting a principal actress: and where crimes are parallel, punishments should
tally. The retribution in this case would have been exemplary; and I expected no less.
This unpleasant occurrence undeceived me, and proved, to my mortification, that the
public distinguished between the actors and the personages they may chance to enact.
On this conviction, my pride revolted at the theatre: I resolved to give up my
engagements to go and live at a distance from Madrid. I fixed on the city of Valencia
for the place of my retreat, and went thither under a feigned character, with a property
of twenty thousand ducats in money and jewels: a sum in my mind more than
sufficient to maintain me for the remainder of my days, since it was my purpose to
lead a retired life. I rented a small house at Valencia, and limited my establishment to
a female servant and a page, who were as ignorant of my birth, parentage, and
education, as the rest of the town. I gave myself out for the widow of an officer
belonging to the king's household, and intimated that I had made choice of Valencia
for my residence, on the report that it was one of the most agreeable neighbourhoods

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in Spain. I saw very little company, and maintained so reserved a deportment, that
there never was the slightest suspicion of my having been an actress. Yet, not
withstanding all the pains I took to hide myself from the garish eye of day, I had
worse success against the piercing ken of a gentleman, who had a country seat near
Paterna. He was of an ancient family, in person genteel and manly, from five-and-
thirty to forty years of age, nobly connected, but scandalously in debt; a contradiction
in the vocabulary of honour, neither more unaccountable nor uncommon in the
kingdom of Valencia, than what takes place every day in other parts of the civilized
world.
This gentleman of a generation or two before the present, finding my person to
his liking, was desirous of knowing if in other respects I was a commodity for his
market. He set every engine at work to inquire into the most minute particulars, and
had the pleasure to learn from general report, that I was a warm widow with a
comfortable jointure, and a person little, if anything, the worse for wear. It struck him
that this was just the match; so that in a very short time an old lady came to my house,
telling me, from him, that with equal admiration of my virtues and my charms, he laid
himself and his fortune at my feet, and was ready to lead me to the altar, if I could
condescend so far as to become his wife. I required three days to make up my mind on
the subject. In this interval, I made inquiries about the gentleman; and hearing a good
character of him, notwithstanding the deranged state of his finances, it was my
determination to marry him without more ado, so that the preliminaries were soon
ratified by a definitive treaty.
Don Manuel de Xerica, for that was my husband's name, took me immediately
after the ceremony to his castle, which had an air of antiquity highly flattering to his
family pride. He told a story about one of his ancestors who built it in days of yore,
and because it was not founded the day before yesterday, jumped to a conclusion that
there was not a more ancient house in Spain than that of Xerica. But nobility, like
perishable merchandise, will run to decay; the castle, shored up on this side and on
that, was in the very agony of tumbling to pieces: what a buttress for Don Manuel and
for his old walls was his marriage with me! More than half my savings were laid out
on repairs; and the residue was wanted to set us going in a genteel style among our
country neighbours. Behold me, then, you who can believe it, landed on a new planet,
transformed into the presiding genius of a castle, the Lady Bountiful of my parish: our
stage machinery could never have furnished such a change! I was too good an actress
not to have supported my new rank and dignity with appropriate grace. I assumed
high airs, theatrical grandeurs, a most dignified strut and demeanour; all which made
the bumpkins conceive a wonderful idea of my exalted origin. How would they not
have tickled their fancies at my expense, had they known the real truth of the case!
The gentry of the neighbourhood would have scoffed at me most unmercifully, and
the country people would have been much more chary of the respect they shewed me.
It was now near six years that I had lived very happily with Don Manuel,
when he ended ways, means, and life together. My legacy consisted of a broken
fortune to splice, and your sister Beatrice, then more than four years old, to maintain.
The castle, which was our only tangible resource, was unfortunately mortgaged to
several creditors, the principal of whom was one Bernard Astuto. Cunning by name,
and cunning by nature! He practised as an attorney at Valencia, and bore his faculties
in all the infamy of pettifogging; law and equity conspired in his person to push the
trade of cozening and swindling to the utmost extremity. To think of falling into the
clutches of such a creditor! A gentleman's property under the gripe of such a claw as
this attorney's affords much the same sport as a lamb to a wolf or a dove to a kite.

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Nearly after the fashion of these beasts and birds of prey, did Signor Astuto, when
informed of my husband's death, hover over his victim, concealing his fell purpose
under the ambush of the law. The whole estate would have been swallowed up in
pleadings, affidavits, demurrers, and rejoinders, but for the light thrown upon the
proceedings by my lucky star; under whose influence the plaintiff was turned at once
into defendant, and was left without a reply to the arguments of these all- powerful
eyes. I got to the blind side of him in an interview, which I contrived during the
progress of our litigation. Nothing was wanting on my part, I own it frankly, to fill
him brimful of the tender passion; an ardent longing to save my goods, chattels, and
domain, made me practise upon him, to my own disgust, that system of coquettish
tactics and flirtation which had drawn so many former fools into an ambuscade. Yet,
with all the resources of a veteran, I was very near letting the attorney escape. He was
so barricaded by mouldy parchments, so immured in actions and informations, as
scarcely to seem susceptible of any love but the love of law. The truth, however, was,
that this moping pettifogger, this porer over ponderous abridgments, this scrawler of
acts and deeds, had more young blood in him than I was aware of, and a trick of
looking at me out of the corner of his eye. He professed to be a novice in the art of
courtship. My whole heart and soul, madam, said he, have been wedded to my
profession; and the consequence has been, that the uses and customs of gallantry have
seemed weary, stale, flat, and unprofitable to me. But though not a man of outward
show, I am well furnished with the stock in trade of love. To come to the point at
once, if you can resolve in your mind to marry me, we will make a grand bonfire of
the whole lawsuit; and I will give the go-by to those rascally creditors, who have
joined issue with me in our attack upon your estate. You shall have the life interest,
and your daughter the reversion. So good a bargain for Beatrice and myself would not
allow of any wavering: I closed without delay on the conditions. The attorney kept his
word most miraculously: he turned short round upon the other creditors, defeated
them with the very weapons himself had furnished with their joint campaign, and
secured me in the possession of my house and lands. It was probably the first time in
his life that he had taken up the cause of the widow and the orphan.
Thus did I become the honoured wife of an attorney, without losing my rank
as the lady of the manor. But this incongruous marriage ruined me in the esteem of the
gentry about Valencia. The women of quality looked upon me as a person who had
lowered herself, and refused any longer to visit me. This inevitably threw me on the
acquaintance of the tradespeople; a circumstance which could not do otherwise than
hurt my feelings a little at first, because I had been accustomed, for the last six years,
to associate only with ladies of the higher classes. But it was in vain to fret about it;
and I soon found my level. I got most intimately acquainted with the wives of my
husband's brethren of the quill and brief. Their characters were not a little
entertaining. There was an absurdity in their manners, which tickled me to the very
soul. These trumpery fine ladies held themselves up for something far above the
common run. Well-a-day! said I to myself, every now and then, when they forgot the
blue- bag: this is the way of the world! Every one fancies himself to be something
vastly superior to his neighbour. I thought we actresses only did not know our places;
women at the lower end of private life, as far as I see, are just as absurd in their
pretensions. I should like, by way of check upon their presumption, to propose a law,
that family pictures and pedigrees should be hung up in every house. Were the
situation left to the choice of the owner, the deuce is in it if these legal gentry would
not cram their scrivening ancestors either into the cellar or the garret.

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After four years passed in the holy state of wedlock, Signor Bernardo d'Astuto
fell sick, and went the way of all flesh. We had no family. Between my settlement and
what I was worth before, I found myself a well-endowed widow. I had too the
reputation of being so; and on this report, a Sicilian gentleman, by name Colifichini,
determined to stick in my skirts, and either ruin or marry me. The alternative was
kindly left to my own choice. He was come from Palermo to see Spain, and, after
having satisfied his curiosity, was waiting, as he said, at Valencia for an opportunity
of taking his passage back to Sicily. The spark was not quite five-and-twenty; of an
elegant, though diminutive person; . . . . in short, his figure absolutely haunted me. He
found the means of getting to the speech of me in private; and, I will own it to you
frankly, I fell distractedly in love with him from the moment of our very first
interview. On his part, the little knave flounced over head and ears in admiration of
my charms. I do really think, God forgive me for it, that we should have been married
out of hand, if the death of the attorney, whose funeral baked meats were scarcely
cold enough to have furnished forth the marriage tables, would have allowed me to
contract a new engagement at so short a warning. But since I had got into the
matrimonial line, it was necessary that where the church makes the feast, the devil
should not send cooks; I therefore took care always to season my nuptials to the palate
of the world at large.
Thus did we agree to delay our coming together for a time, out of a tender
regard to appearances. Colifichini, in the mean time, devoted all his attentions to me:
his passion, far from languishing, seemed to become more a part of himself from day
to day. The poor lad was not too flush of ready money. This struck my observation;
and he was no longer at a loss for his little pocket expenses. Besides being very nearly
twice his age, I recollected having laid the men under contribution in my younger
days; so that I looked upon what I was then lavishing as a sort of restitution, which
balanced my debtor and creditor account, and made me quits with my conscience. We
waited, as patiently as our frailty would allow, for the period when widows may in
decency so far surmount their grief as to try their luck again. When the happy
morning rose, we presented ourselves before the altar, where we plighted our faith to
each other by oaths the most solemn and binding. We then retired to my castle, where
I may truly say that we lived for two years, less as husband and wife than as tender
and unfettered lovers. But alas l such an union, so happy and sentimental, was not
long to be the lot of humanity: a pleurisy carried off my dear Colifichini.
At this passage in her history, I interrupted my mother. Heyday l madam, your
third husband dispatched already? You must he a most deadly taking. What do you
mean? answered she: is it for me to dispute the will of heaven, and lengthen the days
parcelled out to every son of earth? If I have lost three husbands, it was none of my
fault. Two of them cost me many a salt tear. If I buried any with dry eyes, it was the
attorney. As that was merely a match of interest, I was easily reconciled to the loss of
him. But to return to Colifichini, I was going to tell you, that some months after his
death, I had a mind to go and take possession of a country house near Palermo, which
he had settled on me as a jointure, by our marriage contract. I took my passage for
Sicily with my daughter; but we were taken on the voyage by Algerine corsairs. This
city was our destination. Happily for us, you happened to he at the market where we
were put up for sale. Had it been otherwise, we must have fallen into the hands of
some barbarian purchaser, who would have used us ill; and we probably might have
passed our whole life in slavery, nor would you ever have heard of us.
Such was my mother's story. To return to my own, gentlemen, I gave her the
best apartment in my house, with the liberty of living after her own fashion; which

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was a circumstance very agreeable to her taste. She had a confirmed habit of loving,
brought to such a system by so many repeated experiments, that it was impossible for
her to do without either a gallant or a husband. At first she looked with favour on
some of my slaves; but Hali Pegelin, a Greek renegado, who sometimes came and
called upon us, soon drew all her glances on himself. She conceived a stronger
passion for him than she had ever done for Colifichini: and such was her aptitude for
pleasing the men, that she found the way to wind herself about the heart of this man
also. I seemed as if unconscious of their good understanding; being then intent only
on my return into Spain. The bashaw had already given me leave to fit out a vessel,
for the purpose of sweeping the sea and committing acts of piracy. This armament
was my sole object. Just a week before it was completed, I said to Lucinda: Madam,
we shall take our leave of Algiers almost immediately; so that you will bid a long
farewell to an abode which you cannot but detest.
My mother turned pale at these words, and stood silent and motionless. My
surprise was extreme. What do I see? said I to her: whence comes it that you present
such an image of terror and despair? My design was to fill you with transport; but the
effect of my intelligence seems only to overwhelm you with affliction. I thought to
have been thanked for my welcome news; and hastened with eagerness to tell you that
all is ready for our departure. Are you no longer in the mind to go back into Spain?
No, my son; Spain no longer has any charms for me, answered my mother. It has been
the scene of all my sorrows, and I have turned my back on it for ever. What do I hear?
exclaimed I in an agony: Ah! tell me rather, that it is a fatal passion which alienates
you from your native country. Just heavens! what a change! When you landed here,
every object that met your eyes was hateful to them, but Hali Pegelin has given
another colour to your fancy. I do not deny it, replied Lucinda: I love that renegado,
and mean to take him for my fourth husband. What an idea! interrupted I with horror:
you, to marry a Mussulman! You forget yourself to be a Christian, or rather have
hitherto been one only in name and not in heart. Ah! my dear mother, what a futurity
do you present to my imagination! You are running headlong to your eternal ruin.
You are going to do voluntarily, and from impure motives, what I have only done
under the pressure of necessity.
I urged many other arguments in the same strain, to turn her aside from her
purpose: but all my eloquence was wasted; she had made up her mind to her future
destiny. Not satisfied with following the bent of her base inclinations, and leaving her
son to go and live with this renegado, she had even formed a design to settle Beatrice
in her own family. This I opposed with all my might and main. Ah! wretched
Lucinda, said I, if nothing is capable of keeping you within the limits of your duty, at
least rush on perdition alone; confine with in yourself the fury which possesses you;
cast not a young innocent headlong over a precipice, though you yourself may venture
on the leap. Lucinda quitted my presence in moody silence. It struck me that a
remnant of reason still enlightened her, and that she would not obstinately persevere
in requiring her daughter to be given up to her. How little did I know of my mother!
One of my slaves said to me two days afterwards: Sir, take care of yourself. A captive
belonging to Pegelin has just let me into a secret, of which you cannot too soon avail
yourself. Your mother has changed her religion; and as a punishment upon you for
having refused Beatrice to her wishes, it is her purpose to acquaint the bashaw with
your flight. I could not for a moment doubt but what Lucinda was the woman to do
just what my slave had said she would. The lady had given me manifold opportunities
of studying her character; and it was sufficiently evident that by dint of playing
bloody parts in tragedy, she had familiarized herself with the guilty scenes of real life.

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It would not in the least have gone against her nature to have got me burned alive; nor
probably would she have been more affected by my exit after that fashion, than by the
winding up of a dramatic tale.
The warning of my slave, therefore, was not to be neglected. My embarkation
was hastened on. I took some Turks on board, according to the practice of the
Algerine corsairs when going on a piratical expedition: but I engaged no more than
was necessary to blind the eyes of jealousy, and weighed anchor from the port as soon
as possible, with all my slaves and my sister Beatrice. You will do right to suppose,
that I did not forget, in that moment of anxiety, to pack up my whole stock of money
and jewels, amounting probably to the worth of six thousand ducats. When we were
fairly out at sea, we began by securing the Turks. They were easily mastered, as my
slaves outnumbered them. We had so favourable a wind, that we made the coast of
Italy in a very short time. Without let or hindrance, we got into the harbour of
Leghorn, where I thought the whole city must have come out to see us land. The
father of my slave Azarini, either accidentally or from curiosity, happened to be
among the gazers. He looked with all his eyes at my captives, as they came ashore;
but though his object was to discover his lost son among the number, it was with little
hope of so fortunate a result. But how powerful is the plea of nature! What transports,
expressed by mutual embraces, followed the recognition of a tie so close, but so
painfully interrupted for a time!
As soon as Azarini had acquainted his father who I was, and what brought me
to Leghorn, the old man obliged me, as well as Beatrice, to accept of an apartment in
his house. I shall pass over in silence the description of a thousand ceremonies,
necessary to be gone through, in order to my return into the bosom of the church;
suffice it to say, that I forswore Mahometanism with much more sincerity than I had
pledged myself to it. After having entirely purged myself from my Algerine leaven, I
sold my ship, and set all my slaves at liberty. As for the Turks, they were committed
to prison at Leghorn, to be exchanged against Christians. I received kind attention in
abundance from the Azarini family: indeed, the young man married my sister
Beatrice, who, to speak the truth, was no bad match for him, being a gentleman's
daughter, and inheriting the castle of Xerica, which my mother had taken care to let
out to a rich tanner of Paterna, when she resolved upon her voyage to Sicily.
From Leghorn, after having staid there some time, I departed for Florence, a
town I had a strong desire to see. I did not go thither without letters of
recommendation. Azarini the father had connections at the grand duke's court, and
introduced me to them as a Spanish gentleman related to his family. I tacked don to
my name, in honest rivalry of impudence with other low Spaniards, who take up that
travelling title of honour without compunction, when far enough from home to set
detection at defiance. Boldly then did I dub myself Don Raphael; and appeared at
court with suitable splendour, on the strength of what I had brought from Algiers, to
keep my nobility from starving. The high personages, to whom old Azarini had
written in my favour, gave out in their circle that I was a person of quality; so that
with this testimony, and a natural knack I had of giving myself airs, the deuce must
have been in it if I could not have passed muster for a man of some consequence. I
soon got to be hand in glove with the principal nobility; and they presented me to the
grand duke. I had the good fortune to make myself agreeable. It then became an object
with me to pay court to that prince, and to study his humour. I sucked in with greedy
ear all that his most experienced courtiers said about him, and by their conversation
fathomed all his peculiarities. Among other things, he encouraged a play of wit; was
fond of good stories and lively repartees. On this hint I formed myself. Every morning

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I wrote down in my pocket-book such anecdotes as I meant to rack off in the course of
the day. My stock was considerably extensive; so that I was a walking budget of
balderdash. Yet even my estate in nonsense required economy; and I began to get out
at elbows, so as to be reduced to borrow from myself, and mortgage my resources
twenty times over: but when the shallow current of wit and wisdom was nearly at its
summer drought, a torrent of matter-of-fact lies gave new force to the exhausted
stream of quibble. Intrigues which never had been intrigued, and practical jokes which
had never been played off were the tools I worked with, and exactly to the level of the
grand duke: nay, what often happens to dull dealers in inextinguishable vivacity, the
mornings were spent in finaciering those hinds of conversation, which were to be
drawn upon after dinner, as if from a perennial spring of preternatural wealth.
I had even the impudence to set up for a poet, and made my broken-winded
muse trot to the praises of the prince. I allow candidly that the verses were execrable;
but then they were quite good enough for their readers; and it remains a doubt
whether, if they had been better, the grand duke would not have thrown them into the
fire. They seemed to be just what he would have written upon himself. In short, it was
impossible to miss the proper style on such a subject But whatever might be my merit
as a poet, the prince, by little and little, took such a liking to my person, as gave
occasion of jealousy to his courtiers. They tried to find out who I was. This, however,
was beyond their compass. All they could learn was, that I had been a renegado. This
was whispered forthwith in the prince's ear, in the hopes of hurting me. Not that it
succeeded: on the contrary, the grand duke one day commanded me to give him a
faithful account of my adventures at Algiers. I obeyed; and the recital, without reserve
on my part, contributed more than any other of my stories to his entertainment
Don Raphael, said he, after I had ended my narrative, I have a real regard for
you, and mean to give you a proof of it, which will place my sincerity beyond a doubt
Henceforth you are admitted into my most private confidence, as the first fruits of
which, you are to know that one of my ministers has a wife, with whom I am in love.
She is the most enchanting creature at court; but at the same time the most
impregnable. Shut up in her own household, exclusively attached to a husband who
idolizes her, she seems to be ignorant of the combustion her charms have kindled in
Florence. You will easily conceive the difficulty of such a conquest And yet this
epitome of loveliness, so deaf to all the whispers of common seduction, has
sometimes listened to my sighs. I have found the means of speaking to her without
witnesses. She is not unacquainted with my sentiments. I do not flatter myself with
having warmed her into love; she has given me no reason to form so sweet a
conjecture. Yet I will not despair of pleasing her by my constancy, and by the cautious
conduct, even to mystery, which I take care to observe.
My passion for this lady, continued he, is known only to herself. Instead of
pursuing my game wantonly, and overleaping the rights of my subjects like a true
sovereign, I conceal from all the world the knowledge of my love. This delicacy
seems due to Mascarini, the husband of my beloved mistress. His zeal and attachment
to me, his services and honesty, oblige me to act in this business with the closest
secrecy and circumspection. I will not plunge a dagger into the bosom of this ill-
starred husband, by declaring myself a suitor to his wife. Would he might for ever be
insensible, were it within possibility, to the secret flame which devours me: for I am
persuaded that he would die of grief, were he to know the circumstances I have just
now confided to you. I therefore veil my pursuit in impenetrable darkness; and have
determined to make use of you, for the purpose of conveying to Lucretia the merit of
the sacrifices my delicacy imposes on my feelings. Of these you shall be the

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interpreter. I doubt not but you will acquit yourself to a marvel of your commission.
Contrive to be intimate with Mascarini; make a point of worming yourself into his
friendship. Then an introduction to his family will be easy; and you will secure to
yourself the liberty of conversing freely with his wife. This is what I require from you,
and what I feel assured that you will execute with all the dexterity and discretion
necessary to so delicate an undertaking.
I promised the grand duke to do my utmost, in furtherance of his good
opinion, and in aid of his success with the object of his desires. I kept my word
without loss of time. No pains were spared to get into Mascarini's good graces; and
the design was not difficult to accomplish. Delighted to find his friendship sought by a
man possessing the affections of the prince, he advanced half way to meet my
overtures. His house was always open to me, my intercourse with his lady was
unrestrained; and I have no hesitation in affirming my measures to have been taken so
well, as to have precluded the slightest suspicion of the embassy intrusted to my
management. It is true, he had but a small share of the Italian jealousy, relying as he
did on the virtue of his Lucretia; so that he often shut himself up in his closet, and left
me alone with her. I entered at once into the pith and marrow of my subject. The
grand duke's passion was my topic with the lady; and I told her that the motive of my
visits was only to plead for that prince. She did not seem to be over head and ears in
love with him; and yet, methought, vanity forbade her to frown decisively on his
addresses. She took a pleasure in listening to his sighs, without sighing in concert. A
certain propriety of heart she had; but then she was a woman; and it was obvious that
her rigour was giving way insensibly to the triumphant image of a sovereign, bound in
the fetters of her resistless charms. In short, the prince had good reason to flatter
himself that he might dispense with the ill-breeding of a Tarquin, and yet bend
Lucretia to a compliance with his longings. An incident, however, the most
unexpected in the annals of romance, blasted his flattering prospects; in what manner
you shall hear.
I am naturally free and easy with the women. This constitutional assurance,
whether a blessing or a curse, was ripened into inveterate habit among the Turks.
Lucretia was a pretty woman. I forgot that I was courting by proxy, and assumed the
tone of a principal. Nothing could exceed the warmth and gallantry with which I
offered my services to the lady. Far from appearing offended at my boldness, or
silencing me by a resentful answer, she only said with a sarcastic smile: Own the
truth, Don Raphael; the grand duke has pitched upon a very faithful and zealous
agent. You serve him with an integrity not sufficiently to be commended. Madam,
said I in the same strain, let us not examine things with too much nicety. A truce, I
beseech you, with moral discussions; they are not of my element: good honest passion
tallies better with our natures. I do not believe myself, after all, the first prince's
confidant who has ousted his master in an affair of gallantry; your great lords have
often dangerous rivals, in more humble messengers than myself. That may be, replied
Lucretia: but a haughty temper stands with me in the place of virtue, and no one under
the degree of a prince shall ever sully these charms. Regulate your behaviour
accordingly, added she in a tone of serious severity, and let us change the subject. I
willingly bury your presumption in oblivion, provided you never hold similar
discourse to me again: if you do, you may repent of it.
Though this was a comment of some importance on my text, and ought to have
been heedfully conned over, it was no bar to my still entertaining Mascarini's wife
with my passion. I even pressed her with more importunity than heretofore, for a kind
consent to my tender entreaties; and was rash enough to feel my ground, by some

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little personal freedoms. The lady then, offended at my words, and still more at my
Mahometan quips and cranks, gave a complete set down to my assurance. She
threatened to acquaint the grand duke with my impertinence; and declared she would
make a point of his punishing me as I deserved. These menaces bristled up my spirit
in return. My love turned at once into hatred, and determined me to revenge myself
for the contempt with which Lucretia had treated me. I went in quest of her husband;
and after having bound him by oath not to betray me, I informed him of his wile's
correspondence with the prince, and failed not to represent her as distractedly
enamoured of him, by way of heightening the interest of the scene. The minister, lest
the plot should become too intricately entangled, shut his wife up, without any law but
his own will, in a secret apartment, whore he placed her under the strict guard of
confidential persons. While she was thus kept at bay by the watch-dogs of jealousy,
who prevented her from acquainting the grand duke with her situation, I announced to
that prince, with a melancholy air, that he must think no longer of Lucretia. I told him
that Mascarini had doubtless discovered all, since he had taken it into his head to keep
a guard over his wife: that I could not conceive what had induced him to suspect me,
as I flattered myself with having always behaved according to the most approved rules
of discretion in such cases. The lady might, I suggested, have been beforehand, and
owned all to her husband; and had perhaps, in concert with him, suffered herself to be
immured, in order to lie hid from a pursuit so dangerous to her virtue. The prince
appeared deeply afflicted at my relation. I was not unmoved by his distress, and
repented more than once of what I had done; but it was too late to retract. Besides, I
must acknowledge, a spiteful joy tingled in my veins, when I meditated on the
distressed condition of the disdainful fair, who had spurned my vows.
I was feeding with impunity on the pleasure of revenge, so palatable to all the
world, but most of all to Spaniards, when one day the grand duke, chatting with five
or six nobles of his court and myself, said to us: In what manner would you judge it
fitting for a man to be punished, who should have abused the confidence of his prince,
and designed to step in between him and his mistress? The best way, said one of the
courtiers, would be to have him torn to pieces by four horses. Another gave it as his
verdict, that he should be soundly beaten, till he died under the blows of the
executioner. The most tender-hearted and merciful of these Italians, with comparative
lenity towards the culprit, wished only just to admonish him of his fault, by throwing
him from the top of a tower to the bottom. And Don Raphael, resumed the grand duke
after a pause, what is his opinion? The Spaniards, in all likelihood, would improve
upon our Italian severity, is a case of such aggravated treachery.
I fully understood, as you may well suppose, that Mascarini had not kept his
oath, or that his wife had devised the means of acquainting the prince with what had
passed between her and me. My countenance sufficiently betokened my inward
agitation. But for all that, suppressing as well as I could my rising emotion and alarm,
I replied to the grand duke in a steady tone of voice -- My lord, the Spaniards are
more generous; under such circumstances, they would pardon the unworthy betrayer
of his trust, and by that act of unmerited goodness would kindle in his soul an
everlasting abhorrence of his own villany. Yes, truly, said the prince, and I fed in my
own breast a similar spirit of forbearance. Let the traitor then be pardoned; since I
have myself only to blame for having given my confidence to a man of whom I had
no knowledge, but, on the contrary, much ground of suspicion, according to the
current of common report. Don Raphael, added he, my revenge shall be confined to
this single interdict. Quit my dominions immediately, and never appear again in my
presence. I withdrew in all haste, less hurt at my disgrace, than delighted to have got

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off so cheaply. The very next day I embarked in a Barcelona ship, just setting sail
from the port of Leghorn on its return.
At this period of his history I interrupted Don Raphael to the following effect.
For a man of shrewdness, methinks you were not a little off your guard, in trusting
yourself at Florence for even so short a time, after having discovered the prince's love
of Lucretia to Mascarini. You might well have foreboded that the grand duke would
not be long in getting to the knowledge of your duplicity. Your observation is very
just, answered the well- matched son of so eccentric a mother as Lucinda: and for that
reason, not trusting to the minister's promise of screening me from his master's
indignation, it had been my intention to disappear without taking leave.
I got safe to Barcelona, continued he, with the remnant of the wealth I had
brought from Algiers; but the greater part had been squandered at Florence in enacting
the Spanish gentleman. I did not stay long in Catalonia. Madrid was the dear place of
my nativity, and I had a longing desire to see it again, which I satisfied as soon as
possible; for mine was not a temper to stand parleying with its own inclinations. On
my arrival in town, I chanced to take up my abode in a ready-furnished lodging,
where dwelt a lady, by name Camilla. Though at some distance from her teens, she
was a very spirit-stirring creature, as Signor Gil Blas will hear me out in saying; for he
fell in with her at Valladolid nearly about the same time. Her parts were still more
extraordinary than her beauty; and never had a lady with a character to let a happier
talent of inveigling fools to their ruin. But she was not like those selfish jilts, who put
out the cullibility of their lovers to usury. The pillage of the plodding merchant, or the
grave family man, was squandered upon the first gambler or prize-fighter who
happened to find his way into her frolicsome fancy.
We loved one another from the first moment, and the conformity of our
tempers bound us so closely together, that we soon lived on the footing of joint
property. The amount, in sober sadness, was little better than a cypher, and a few good
dinners more reduced it to that ignoble negative of number. We were each of us
thinking, as the deuce would have it, of our mutual pleasures, without profiting in the
least by those happy dispositions of ours for living at the expense of other folks. Want
at last gave a keener edge to our wits, which indulgence had blunted. My dear
Raphael, said Camilla, let us carry the war into the enemy's quarters, if you love me;
for while we are as faithful as turtles, we are as foolish; and fall into our own snare,
instead of laying it for the unwary. You may get into the head and heart of a rich
widow; I may conjure myself into the good graces of some old nobleman: but as for
this ridiculous fidelity, it brings no grist to the mill. Excellent Camilla, answered I,
you are beforehand with me. I was going to make the very same proposal. It exactly
meets my ideas, thou paragon of morality. Yes; the better to maintain our mutual fire,
let us forage for substantial fuel. As good may always be extracted out of evil, those
infidelities which are the bane of other loves, shall be the triumph of ours.
On the basis of this treaty we took the field. At first, there was much cry but
little wool; for we had no luck at finding cullies. Camilla met with no thing but pretty
fellows, with vanity in their hearts, tinsel on their backs, and not a maravedi in their
pockets; my ladies were all of a kidney to levy, rather than to pay contributions. As
love left us in the lurch, we paid our devotions at the shrine of knavery. With the zeal
of martyrs to a new religion, did we encounter the frowns of the civil power, whose
myrmidons, as like the devil in their nature as their office, were ordered on the look-
out after us; but the alguazil, with all the good qualities of which the corregidor
inherited the contraries, gave us time to make our escape out of Madrid, for the good
of the trade and a small sum of money. We took the road to Valladolid, meaning to set

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up in that town. I rented a house for myself and Camilla, who passed for my sister, to
avoid evil tongues. At first we kept a tight rein over our speculative talents, and began
by reconnoitring the ground before we determined on our plan of operations.
One day a man accosted me in the street, with a very civil salutation, to this
effect -- Signor Don Raphael, do you recollect my face? I answered in the negative.
Then I have the advantage of you, replied he, for yours is perfectly familiar to me. I
have seen you at the court of Tuscany, where I was then in the grand duke's guards. It
is some months since I quitted that prince's service. I came into Spain with an Italian,
who will not discredit the politics of his country: we have been at Valladolid these
three weeks. Our residence is with a Castilian and a Galician, who are, without
dispute, two of the best creatures in the world. We live together by the sweat of our
brows, and the labour of our hands, Our fare is not abstemious, nor have we made any
vow against the temptations of a life about the court If you will make one of our party,
my brethren will be glad of your company; for you always seemed to me a man of
spirit, above all vulgar prejudices, in short, a monk of our order.
Such frankness from this arch-scoundrel was met half-way by mine. Since you
talk to me with so winning a candour, said I, you deserve that I should be equally
explicit with you. In good truth I am no novice in your ritual; and if my modesty
would allow me to be the hero of my own tale, you would be convinced that your
compliments were not lavished on an unworthy subject. But enough of my own
commendations; proceed we to the point in question. With all possible desire to
become a member of your body, I shall neglect no opportunity of proving my title to
that distinction. I had no sooner told this sharper at all points, that I would agree to
swell the number of his gang, than he conducted me to their place of meeting, and
introduced me in proper form. It was on this occasion that I first saw the renowned
Ambrose de Lamela. These gentlemen catechised me in the religion of coveting my
neighbour's goods, and doing as I would not be done by. They wanted to discern
whether I played the villain on principle, or had only some little practical dexterity;
but I shewed them tricks which they did not know to be on the cards, and yet
acknowledged to be better than their own. They were still deeper lost in admiration,
when in cool disdain of manual artifice, as an every-day effort of ingenuity, I
maintained my prowess in such combinations of roguery as require an inventive brain
and a solid judgment to support them. In proof of these pretensions, I related the
adventure of Jerome de Moyadas; and on this single specimen of my parts, they
conceived my genius of so high an order, as to elect me by common con sent for their
leader. Their choice was fully justified by a host of slippery devices, of which I was
the master-wheel, the corner-stone, or according to whatever other metaphor in
mechanics you may best express the soul of a conspiracy. When we had occasion for
a female performer to heighten the interest, Camilla was sent upon the stage, and
played up to admiration in the parts she had to perform.
Just at that period, our friend and brother Ambrose was seized with a longing
to see his native country once more. He went for Galicia with an assurance that we
might reckon on his return. The visit cured his patriotic sickness. As he was on the
road back, having halted at Burgos to strike some stroke of business, an innkeeper of
his acquaintance introduced him into the service of Signor Gil Blas de Santillane, not
forgetting to instruct him thoroughly in the state of that gentleman's affairs. Signor Gil
Blas, pursued Don Raphael, addressing his discourse to me, you know in what manner
we eased you of your moveables in a ready- furnished lodging at Valladolid; and you
must doubtless have suspected Ambrose to have been the principal contriver of that
exploit, and not without reason. On his coming into town, he ran himself out of breath

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to find us, and laid open every particular of your situation, so that the associated
swindlers had nothing to do but to build on his foundation. But you are unacquainted
with the consequences of that adventure; you shall therefore have them on my
authority. Your portmanteau was made free with by Ambrose and myself. We also
took the liberty of riding your mules in the direction of Madrid, not dropping the least
hint to Camilla nor to our partners in iniquity, who must have partaken in some
measure of your feelings in the morning, at finding their glory shorn of two such
beams.
On the second day we changed our purpose. Instead of going to Madrid,
whence I had not sallied forth without an urgent motive, we passed by Zebreros, and
continued our journey as far as Toledo. Our first care, in that town, was to dress
ourselves in the genteelest style; then assuming the character of two brothers from
Galicia on our travels of mere curiosity, we soon got acquainted in the most
respectable circles. I was so much in the habit of acting the man of fashion, as not
easily to be detected; and as the generality of people are blinded by a free expenditure,
we threw dust into the eyes of all the world, by the elegant entertainments to which
we invited the ladies. Among the women who frequented our parties, there was one
not indifferent to me. She appeared more beautiful than Camilla, and certainly much
younger. I inquired who she was; and learned that her name was Violante, and that
she was married to an ungrateful spark, who soon grew weary of her chaste caresses,
and was running after those of a prostitute, with whom he was in love. There was no
need to say any more, to determine me on enthroning Violante the sovereign lady and
mistress of my thoughts and affections.
She was not long in coming to the knowledge of her conquest. I began by
following her about from place to place, and playing a hundred monkey tricks to instil
into her comprehension, that nothing would please me better than the office of making
her amends for the ill usage of her husband. The pretty creature ruminated on my
proffered kindness, and to such purpose as to let me know in the end that my labour
was not wasted on an ungrateful soil. I received a note from her in answer to several I
had transmitted by one of those convenient old dowagers, in such high request
throughout Spain and Italy. The lady sent me word that her husband supped with his
mistress every evening, and did not return home till very late. It was impossible to
mistake the meaning of this. On that very night I planted myself under Violante's
windows, and engaged her in a most tender conversation. At the moment of parting, it
was settled between us that every evening, at the same hour, we should meet and
converse on the same everlasting topic, without gainsaying any such other acts of
gallantry as might safely be submitted to the peering eye of day.
Hitherto Don Balthazar, as Violante's husband was called, had no reason to
complain of his forehead; but I was a natural philosopher, and little satisfied with
metaphysical endearments. One evening, therefore, I repaired under my lady's
windows, with the design of telling her that there was an end of life and everything, if
we could not come together on more accommodating terms than from the balcony to
the street; for I had never yet been able to get into the house. Just as I got thither, a
man came within sight, apparently with the view of dogging me. In fact, it was the
husband returning earlier than usual from his precious bit of amusement; but
observing a male nuisance near his nunnery, instead of coming straight home, he
walked backwards and forwards in the street. It was almost a moot point with me
what I ought to do. At last, I resolved on accosting Don Balthazar, though neither of
us had the slightest knowledge of each other. Noble gentleman, said I, you would do
me a most particular favour by leaving the street vacant to me for this one night; I

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would do as much for you another time. Sir, answered he, I was just going to make
the same request to you. I am on the look-out after a girl, over whom a confounded
fellow of a brother keeps watch and ward like a gaoler; and she lives not twenty yards
from this place. I could wish to carry on my project without a witness. We have the
means, replied I, of attaining both our ends without clashing; for the lady of my
desires lives there, added I, pointing to his own house. We had better even help one
another, in case of being attacked. With all my heart, resumed he; I will go to my
appointment, and we will make common cause if need be. Under this pretence he
went away, but only to observe me the more narrowly; and the darkness of the night
favoured his doing so without detection.
As for me, I made up to Violante's balcony in the simplicity of my heart. She
soon heard my signal, and we began our usual parley. I was not remiss in pressing the
idol of my worship to grant me a private interview in some safe and practicable place.
She was rather coy to my entreaties, as favours hardly earned are the higher valued: at
length she took a letter out of her pocket, and flung it down to me. There, said she,
you will find in that scrap of paper the promise of what you have teased me so long
about. She then withdrew, as the hour approached when her husband usually came
home. I put the note up carefully, and went towards the place where Don Balthazar
had told me that his business lay. But that staunch husband, with the sagacity of an
old sportsman where his own wife was the game, came more than half-way to meet
me, with this question: Well, good sir, are you satisfied with your happy fortunes? I
have reason to be so, answered I. And as for yourself, what have you done? has the
blind god befriended you? Alas! quite the contrary, replied he; that impertinent
brother, who takes such liberties with my beauty, thought fit to come back from his
country house, whence we hugged ourselves as sure that he would not return till to-
morrow. This infernal chance has put all my soft and soothing pleasures out of tune.
Nothing could exceed the mutual pledges of lasting friendship which were
exchanged between Don Balthazar and me. To draw the cords the closer, we made an
appointment for the next morning in the great square. This plotting gentleman, after
we had parted, betook himself to his own house, without giving Violante at all to
understand that he knew more about her than she wished him. On the following day
he was punctual in the great square, and I was not five minutes after him. We
exchanged greetings with all the warmth of old friendship; but it was a vapour to
mislead on his part, though a spark of heavenly flame on mine. In the course of
conversation, this hypocritical Don Balthazar palmed upon me a fictitious confidence,
respecting his intrigue with the lady about whom he had been speaking the night
before. He put together a long story he had been manufacturing on that subject, and all
this to hook me in to tell him, in return, by what means I had got acquainted with
Violante. The snare was too subtle for me to escape; I owned all with the innocence of
a new-born babe. I did not even stick at shewing the note I had received from her, and
read the contents, to the following purport: "I am going to- morrow to dine with
Donna Inez. You know where she lives. It is in the house of that confidential friend
that I mean to pass some happy moments along with you. It is impossible longer to
refuse a boon your patience has so well merited."
Here indeed, said Don Balthazar, is an epistle which promises to crown all
your wishes at once. I congratulate you beforehand on your approaching happiness.
He could not help fidgeting and wriggling a little, while he talked in these terms of his
own household; but all his hitches and wry faces passed off, and my eyes were as fast
sealed as ever. I was so full of anticipating titillations, as not to think of noticing my
new friend, who was obliged to get off as fast as be could, for fear of betraying his

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agitation in my presence. He ran to acquaint his brother-in-law with this strange

occurrence. I know not what might pass between them: it is only certain that Don
Balthazar happened to knock at Donna Inca's door, just when I was at that lady's
house with Violante. We were warned who it was, and I escaped by a back door
exactly as he went in at the front As soon as I had got safe off, the women, whom the
unexpected visit of this troublesome husband had disconcerted a little, recovered their
presence of mind, and with it so large a stock of assurance, as to stand the brunt of his
attack, and put him to a nonplus in ascertaining whether they had hid me or smuggled
me out. I cannot exactly tell you what he said to Donna Inca and his wife; nor do I
believe that history will ever furnish any authentic particulars of the squabble.
In the mean time, without suspecting yet how completely I was gulled by Don
Balthazar, I sallied forth with curses in my mouth, and returned to the great square,
where I had appointed Lamela to meet me. But no Lamela was there. He also had his
little snug parties, and the scoundrel fared better than his comrade. As I was waiting
for him, I caught a glimpse of my treacherous associate, with a knowing smile upon
his countenance. He made up to me, and inquired, with a hearty laugh, what news of
my assignation with my nymph, under the convenient roof of Donna Inca. I cannot
conceive, said I, what evil spirit, jealous of my joys, takes delight to nip them in their
blossom: but after we had embraced, kissed, protested, and, as it were, spoke the
prologue of our comedy, comes the peaking cornuto of a husband (the furies fly away
with him), and knocks at the door in the instant of our encounter. There was nothing
to be done but to secure my retreat as fast as possible. So I got out at a back door,
sending to all the inhabitants of hell and its suburbs the jealous knave, who was so
uncivil as to search another lady's house for his own horns. I am sorry you sped so ill-
favouredly, exclaimed Don Balthazar, who was chuckling with in ward satisfaction at
my disappointment. What a mechanical rogue of a husband! I would advise you to
shew no mercy to the wittol. Oh! you need not teach me how to predominate over
such a peasant, replied I. Take my word for it, a new quarter shall be added to his coat
of arms this very night. His wife, when I went away, told me not to be faint-hearted
for such a trifle; but to place myself without fail under her windows at an earlier hour
than usual, for she was resolved to let me into the house; and as a precaution against
all accidents, she begged me to bring two or three friends in my train, for fear of a
surprise. What a discreet and inventive lady! said he. I should have no objection to
being of your party. Ah! my dear friend, exclaimed I, out of wits with joy, and
throwing my arms about Don Balthazar's neck, how infinitely you will oblige me! I
will do more, resumed he; I know a young man, armed like another Caesar, for either
field of love or war; he shall be of our number, and you may then rely boldly on the
sufficiency of your escort.
I knew not in what words to thank this seeming friend, so that my gratitude
might be equivalent to his zeal. To make short of the matter, I accepted his proffered
aid. Our meeting was fixed under Violante's balcony early in the evening, and we
parted. He went in quest of his brother-in-law, who was the hero in question. As for
me, I walked about all day with Lamela, who had no more misgivings than myself,
though somewhat astonished at the warmth with which Don Balthazar engaged in my
interests. We slipt our own necks completely into the noose. I own this was mere
infatuation on our parts, whose natural instinct ought to have warned us of a halter.
When I thought it proper time to present myself under Violante's windows, Ambrose
and I took care to be armed with small swords. There we found the husband of my fair
dame and another man, waiting for us with a very determined air. Don Balthazar
accosted me, and introducing his brother-in-law, said: Sir, this is the brave officer

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whose prowess I have extolled so highly to you. Make the best of your way into your
mistress's house, and let no fear of the consequences be any bar to the enjoyment of
the most rapturous human bliss.
After a mutual interchange of compliments, I knocked at Violante's door. It
was opened by a kind of duenna. In I went, and without looking back after what was
passing behind me, made the best of my way to the lady's room. While I was paying
her my preliminary civilities, the two cut-throats, who had followed me into the
house, and had banged the door after them so violently that Ambrose was left in the
street, made their appearance. You may well suppose that then was the appeal to arms.
They both fell upon me at the same time, but I shewed them some play. I kept them
engaged on either side so fiercely, that they were sorry perhaps not to have taken a
safer road to their revenge. The husband was run through the body. His brother-in-
law, seeing him on his travels to the shades below, made the best of his way to the
door, which the duenna and Violante had opened, to make their escape while we were
fighting. I ran after him into the street, where I met with Lamela once more, who by
dint of not being able to get a word out of the women, running as they did for their
very lives, did not know exactly what he was to divine from the infernal noise he had
just heard. We got back to our inn. After packing up what was best worth taking with
us, we mounted our mules, and got out of town, without waiting for daybreak or fear
of robbers.
It was sufficiently clear that this business was not likely to be without its
consequences, and that a hue and cry would be set up in Toledo, which we should act
like wise men to anticipate by a retreat. We stayed the night at Vilarubia. At the inn
where we put up, some time after our arrival, there alighted a tradesman of Toledo on
his way to Segorba. We clubbed our suppers. He related to us the tragical catastrophe
of Violante's husband; and so far was he from suspecting us of being parties
concerned, that we inquired into particulars with the curious indifference of common
newsmongers. Gentlemen, said he, just as I was setting out this morning, the report of
this melancholy event was handed about. Every one was on the hunt after Violante;
and they say that the corregidor, a relation of Don Balthazar, is determined on sparing
no pains to discover the perpetrators of this murder. So much for my knowledge of the
business.
The corregidor of Toledo and his police gave me very little uneasiness. But for
fear of the worst, I determined to precipitate my retreat from New Castile. It occurred
to me that Violante, when hunted out of her hiding-place, would turn informer, and in
that case she might give such a description of my person to the clerks in office as
might enable them to put their scouts upon a right scent. For this reason, on the
following day we struck out of the high road, as a measure of safety. Fortunately
Lamela was acquainted with three-fourths of Spain, and knew by what cross paths we
could get securely into Arragon. Instead of going straight to Cuença, we threaded the
defiles of the mountains overhanging that town, and arrived, by ways with which my
guide was well acquainted, at a grotto looking very much like a hermitage. In fact, it
was the very place whither you came yesterday evening to petition me for an asylum.
While I was reconnoitring the neighbourhood, which presented a most
delicious landscape to my view, my companion said to me, It is six years since I
travelled this way. At that time the grotto before us afforded a retreat to an old hermit
who entertained me charitably. He made me fare as he did. I remember that he was a
holy man, and talked in such a strain as almost to wean me from the vices and follies
of this nether world. He may possibly be still living; I will ascertain whether it be so
or not. With these words in his mouth, Ambrose, under the influence of natural

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curiosity, alighted from his mule, and went into the hermitage. He remained there
some minutes, and then returned, calling after me, and saying, Come hither, Don
Raphael, come and bear witness to a most affecting event. I dismounted immediately.
We tied our mules to a tree, and I followed Lamela into the grotto, where I descried an
old anchoret stretched at his length upon a couch, pale and at the point of death. A
white beard, very thick, hung down to his middle, and he held a large rosary, most
piously ornamented, in his clasped hands. At the noise which we made in coming near
him, he opened his eyes, upon which death had already begun to lay his leaden hand;
and after having looked at us for a moment, said, "Whosoever you are, my brethren,
profit by the spectacle which presents itself to your observation. I have seen out forty
years in the world, and sixty in this solitude. But mark! At this eternal crisis, the time
I have devoted to my pleasures seems an age, and that on the contrary which has been
sacred to repentance, but a minute! Alas! I fear lest the austerities of brother Juan
should be found light in the balance with the sins of the licentiate Don Juan de Solis."
No sooner were these words out of his mouth than he breathed his last. We
were struck by the solemn scene. Objects of this kind always make some impression
even on the greatest libertines; but our serious thoughts were of no long duration. We
soon forgot what he had been saying to us, and begun making an inventory of what
the hermitage contained; an employment which was not oppressively laborious, since
the household furniture extended no further than what you remarked in the grotto.
Brother Juan was not only in ill-furnished lodgings; his kitchen, too, was in a very
rustic plight All the store laid in consisted of some small nuts and some pieces of
crusty barley bread as hard as flint, which had all the appearance of having been
impregnable to the gums of the venerable man. I specify his gums, because we looked
for his teeth, and found they had all dropped out. The whole arrangement of this
solitary abode, every object that met our eyes, made us look upon this good anchoret
as a pattern of sanctity. One thing only staggered us in our opinion. We opened a
paper folded in the form of a letter, and lying upon the table, wherein he besought the
person who should read the contents, to carry his rosary and sandals to the bishop of
Cuença. We could not make out in what spirit this modern recluse of the desert could
aim at making such a present to his bishop. It seemed to us to tread somewhat on the
heels of his humility, and to savour of one who was a candidate for a niche in the
calendar. Though indeed it might be, that there was nothing in it but a simple
supposition, that the bishop was such another as himself; but whether his ignorance
was really so extreme, I shall not pretend to decide.
In talking over this subject, a very pleasant idea occurred to Lamela. Let us
take up our abode, said he, in this holy retreat. The disguise of hermits will become
us. Brother Juan must be laid quietly in the earth. You shall personate him; and for
myself, in the character of brother Anthony, I will go and see what is to be done in the
neighbouring towns and villages. Besides that we shall be too cunningly ensconced
for the prying curiosity of the corregidor, since it is not to be supposed that he will
think of coming hither to look for us, I have some good connections at Cuença, which
may be of essential service to us. I fell in with this odd whim, not so much for the
reasons given me by Ambrose, as in compliance with the humour of the thing, and as
it were to play a part in a dramatic piece. We made an excavation in the ground at
about thirty or forty yards from the grotto, and buried the old anchoret there without
any pompous rites, after having stripped him of his wardrobe, which consisted of a
single gown tied round the middle with a leathern girdle. We likewise despoiled him
of his beard to make me an artificial one: and finally, after his interment, we took
possession of the hermitage.

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The first day our table was but meanly served; the provisions of the deceased
were all we had to feed on; but on the following morning, before sunrise, Lamela set
off to sell the two mules at Toralva, and returned in the evening, laden with provisions
and other articles which he had purchased. He brought everything necessary to
metamorphose us completely. For himself he had provided a gown of coarse dark
cloth, and a little red horse-hair beard, so ingeniously appended to his ears, that one
would have sworn it had been natural. There is not a cleverer fellow in the universe
for a frolic. Brother Juan's beard was also new- modelled, and adapted to the
plumpness of my face. My brown woollen cap completed the masquerade. In fact,
nothing was wanting to make us pass for what we were not. Our equipage was so
ludicrously out of character, that we could not look at one another without laughing,
under a garb so diametrically at variance with our general complexion. With brother
Juan's mantle, I caught and kept his rosary and sandals; taking the liberty of
borrowing them for the time being from the bishop of Cuença.
We had already been three days in the hermitage, without having been
interrupted by a living soul; but on the fourth, two countrymen came into the grotto.
They brought bread, cheese, and onions, for the deceased, whom they supposed to be
still living. I threw myself on our miserable couch as soon as they made their
appearance; and it was not difficult to impose on them. Besides that it was too dark to
distinguish my features accurately, I imitated the voice of brother Juan, whose last
words I had heard, to the best of my ability. They had no suspicion of the trick,
though a good deal surprised at finding another hermit there. Lamela, taking
advantage of their stupid wonder, said in a canting tone: My brethren, be not
astonished at seeing me in this solitude. I have quitted a hermitage of my own in
Arragon, to come hither and be a companion to the venerable and edifying brother
Juan, who, at his advanced age, wants a yoke-fellow to administer to his necessities.
The rustics lavished their clumsy panegyrics on the charity of Ambrose, and
congratulated themselves that they might triumph over their neighbours, and boast of
two holy personages residing in their country.
Lamela, laden with a large wallet which he had not forgotten among the
number of his purchases, went for the first time to reconnoitre the town of Cuença,
which is but a very short distance from the hermitage. With a mortified exterior, by
which nature had dubbed him for a cheat, and the art of making that natural deception
go as far as possible, by a most hypocritical and factitious array of features, he could
not fail to play upon the feelings of the charitable and humane, and those whom
heaven has blessed with affluence. His knapsack bore testimony to the extravagance
of their pious liberalities. Master Ambrose, said. I on his return, I congratulate you on
your happy knack at softening the souls of all good Christians. As we hope to be
saved! one would suppose that you had been a mendicant friar among the Capuchins.
I have done something else besides bringing in food for the convent, answered he.
You must know that I have ferreted out a certain lass called Barbara, with whom I
used to flirt formerly. She is as much altered as any of us: for she also has addicted
herself to a godly life. She forms a coterie with two or three other sanctified dames,
who are an example to the faithful in public, and flounce over head and ears in every
sort of private vice. She did not know me again at first. What then, mistress Barbara,
said I, is it possible that you should have discharged one of your oldest friends from
your remembrance, your servant Ambrose? As I am a true Christian, Signor de
Lamela, exclaimed she, I never thought to have turned you up in such a garb as that.
By what transformation are you become a hermit? This is more than I can tell you just
now, rejoined I. The particulars are rather long; but I will come to morrow evening

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and satisfy your curiosity. Nay, more; I will bring brother Juan, my companion, along
with me. Brother Juan, interrupted she, the venerable hermit who has taken up his
saintly residence near this town? You do not know what you are saying; he is
supposed to be more than a hundred years old. It is very true, said I, that he was of
that age some little while ago; but time; in deference to his sanctity, has gone
backward with him; and he is grown considerably younger within these few days. He
is at present just about my turn of life. Say you so! Then let us have him too, replied
Barbara. I perceive there is something more in this mystery than the church will be
able to explain.
We did not miss our appointment with these whited sepulchres on the
following night To make our reception the more agreeable, they had laid out a
sumptuous entertainment. Off went our beards and cowls, and vestments of
mortification; and without any squeamishness we confessed our birth, education, and
real character, to these sisters in hypocrisy. On their part, for fear of being behindhand
with us in freedom from prejudice, they fairly let us see of what pretended religionists
are capable, when they drop the veil of the sanctuary, and exhibit their
unmanufactured faces. We spent almost the whole night at table, and got back to our
grotto but a moment before daybreak. We were not long in repeating our visit; or, if
the truth must be told, it was nightly for three months; till we had ate up more than
two-thirds of our ways and means in the company of these delicate creatures. But an
unsuccessful candidate for their favour got wind of our proceedings, and prated of our
whereabout in the ear of justice, which was to have been in motion towards the
hermitage this very day, to lay hold of our persons. Yesterday Ambrose, while picking
up eleemosynary at Cuença, stumbled upon one of our whining sisterhood, who gave
him a note, with this caution: A female friend of mine has written me this letter,
which I was going to send to you by a man on purpose. Shew it to brother Juan, and
regulate your proceedings accordingly. It was this very note, gentlemen, that Lamela
gave me in your presence, which occasioned us to take so abrupt a leave of our
solitary dwelling.

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CH. II -- Don Raphael's consultation with his company, and their adventures as
they were preparing to leave the wood.
WHEN Don Raphael had finished the narrative of his adventurous life, which,
with all the other qualities of a romance, had the tediousness, Don Alphonso,
according to the laws of good breeding, swore himself black in the face that he had
been prodigiously entertained. After the usual exchange of compliments, Signor
Ambrose put in his oar, with an admonitory hint to the partner of his exploits and
peregrinations. Consider, Don Raphael, that the sun is setting. It would not be amiss,
methinks, to take counsel on what we are to do. You are in the right, answered his
comrade, we must determine on the place of our destination. For my own part, replied
Lamela, I am of opinion that we should get upon the road again without loss of time,
reach Requena to-night, and enter upon the territory of Valencia to-morrow, where we
will go to work full tilt at our old trade. I have some prognosticating twitches, which
tell me that we shall strike some good strokes in that quarter. His colleague, from
ample experience of his infallibility in such prophecies, voted on his side of the
question. As for Don Alphonso and myself, having nothing to do but to follow the
lead of these two worthy gentlemen, we waited, in silent acquiescence, the issue of
this momentous debate.
Thus it was determined that we should take the direction of Requena; and all
hands were piped to make the necessary arrangements. We made our meal after the
same fashion as in the morning, and the horse was laden with the bottle, and with the
remnant of our provisions. After a time, the approach of night seemed to promise us
that darkness so friendly, and even so necessary, to the safety of our retreat; and we
were beginning our march through the wood: but before we had gone a hundred
paces, a light among the trees gave us a subject of anxious speculation. What can be
the meaning of that? said Don Raphael; these surely must be blood-hounds of the
police from Cuença, uncoupled and eager for the sport, with a fresh scent of us in this
forest, and in full cry after their game. I am of a very different opinion, said Ambrose;
they are more likely to be benighted travellers taking shelter in the thicket till
daybreak. But there is no trusting to conjecture: I will examine into the real truth. Stay
you here all three of you; I will be back again instantly. No sooner said than done; he
stole, just as if he had been used to it, towards the light, which was not far off; no
brute or human thief of forest or city could have done it better. With a gentle removal
of the leaves and branches which obstructed his passage, the whole scene was laid
open to his silent contemplation; and it afforded sufficient food. On the grass, round
about a lighted candle with a clod for its candlestick, were seated four men, just
finishing a meat pie, and hugging a pretty large bottle, which was at its last gasp, after
having sustained their alternate embraces for successive rounds. At some paces from
these gentry, he espied a lady and gentleman tied to the trees, and a little further off, a
carriage with two mules richly caparisoned. He determined at once in his own mind
that the fellows carousing on the ground were banditti; and the tenor of their talk
assured him that he had not belied their trade by his conjecture. The four cut-throats
all avowed a like desire of possessing the female who had fallen into their hands; and
they were proposing to draw lots for her. Lamela, having made himself master of the
business, came back to us, and gave an exact account of all he had seen and heard.
My friends, said Don Alphonso on his recital, that lady and gentleman whom
the robbers have tied to trees, are probably persons of the first condition. Shall we
suffer scoundrels like these to triumph over their honour and take away their lives?
Put yourselves under my direction: let us assail the desperate outlaws, and they will

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perish under our attack. With all my heart, said Don Raphael. It is all one to me, I had
just as soon engage on the right side as on the wrong. Ambrose, for his part, protested
that he wished for nothing better than to lend a hand in so moral an enterprise, as it
promised to combine much profit with some share of honour. And indeed, if a man
may speak a good word for himself, danger stood better recommended than usual to
my comprehension; all the boiling courage of knighthood, pledged up to the knuckles
of the chin on the behalf of female innocence, was oozing out at every pore of this
chivalrous person. But, if we are to state facts in the spirit of history rather than of
romance, the danger was more in imagination than in reality. Lamela having brought
us word that the arms of the robbers were all piled up at the distance of ten or twelve
paces out of their reach, there was no difficulty in securing the mastery of the field.
We tied our horses to a tree, and drew near, as softly as possible, to the spot where the
robbers were seated. They were debating with some impetuosity, and their vociferous
argument was all in favour of our covert attack. We got possession of their arms
before they had any suspicion of us. But the enemy was nearer than they imagined:
too near to miss aim, and they were all stretched lifeless on the ground.
During the conflict the candle went out, so that we proceeded in our business
by guess-work. We were not remiss, however, in unbinding the prisoners, of whom
fear had got such complete possession, that they had not their wits enough about them
to thank us for what we had done for them. It must be allowed that they could not at
first distinguish whether they were to consider us as their deliverers, or as a fresh gang
who had taken them out of one furnace to cast them hissing into another. But we
recovered their spirits by the assurance, that we should lodge them safely in a public-
house which Ambrose mentioned as not being more than half a mile off, whence they
might take all necessary measures to pursue their journey in whatever direction they
thought proper. After these words of comfort, which seemed to sink deep, we placed
them in their carriage, and conducted them out of the wood, holding their mules by
the bridle. Our clerical friends instituted a ghostly visitation to the pockets of the
vanquished banditti. Our next step was to recover Don Alphonso's horse. We also
took to ourselves the steeds of the robbers, waiting as they were to be released from
the trees to which they were tied near the field of battle. With this extensive cavalcade
we followed brother Anthony, mounted on one of the mules, and conducting the
carriage to the inn, whither we did not arrive in less than two hours, though he had
pledged his credit that the distance from the wood was very short.
We knocked roughly at the door. Every living creature was napping, except
the fleas. The landlord and landlady got on their clothes in a hurry, and were not at all
annoyed at finding their rest disturbed by the arrival of an equipage, which promised
to do more for the good of the house than it eventually did. The whole inn was lighted
up in an instant. Don Alphonso and the stage-bred son of Lucinda lent their assistance
to the gentleman and lady in alighting from the carriage, and acted as their ushers in
leading the way to the room prepared for them by the landlord. Compliments flew
backwards and forwards like shuttlecocks; but we were not a little astonished at
discovering the Count de Polan himself and his daughter Seraphina, in the persons we
had just rescued. It would be difficult to represent by words the surprise of that lady,
as well as of Don Alphonso, when they recognized each other's features. The count
took no notice of it, his attention being engrossed by other matters. He set about
relating to us in what manner the robbers had attacked him, and how they secured his
daughter and himself, after having killed his postilion, a page, and a valet-de-
chambre. He ended with declaring how deeply he felt his obligation; and that if we

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would call upon him at Toledo, where he should be in a month, we should judge for
ourselves whether he felt as a grateful heart ought to feel.
His lordship's daughter was not backward in her acknowledgments for her
timely rescue; and as we were of opinion, that is, Raphael and myself, that we should
do a good turn to Don Alphonso by giving him an opportunity of a minute's private
parley with the young widow, we contrived to keep the Count de Polan in play.
Lovely Seraphina, said Don Alphonso to the lady in a low voice, I no longer lament
over the lot which obliges me to live like a man banished from civil society, since I
have been so fortunate as to assist in the important service just rendered you. What
then! answered she, with a sigh, is it you who have saved my life and honour? Is it to
you that we are so indebted, myself equally with my father? Ah! Don Alphonso, why
were you the instrument of my brother's death? She said no more upon the subject;
but he conceived clearly by these words, and by the tone in which they were
pronounced, that if he was over head and ears in love with Seraphina, she was equally
out of her depth in the same passion.

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BOOK THE SIXTH.

CH. I. -- The fate of Gil Blas and his Companions after they took leave of the
Count de Polan. One of Ambrose's notable contrivances set off by the manner of
its execution.
THE Count de Polan, after having exhausted half the night in thanking us, and
protesting that we might reckon upon his substantial acknowledgments, sent for the
landlord to consult him on the best method of getting safely to Turis, whither it was
his intention to go. We had nothing to do with this nobleman's further progress, and
therefore left him to take his own measures. Our departure from the inn was now
resolved on; and we followed Lamela like sheep after the bell-wether.
After two hours' travelling, the day overtook us near Campillo. We made as
expeditiously as possible for the mountains between that hamlet and Requena. There
we wore out the day in taking our rest and reckoning up our stock, which the spoil of
the robbers had considerably replenished, to the amount of more than three hundred
pistoles, the lawful ravage of their pockets. We began our march again with the
setting-in of the night; and on the following morning reached the frontier of Valencia
in safety. We got quietly into the first wood that offered as a shelter. The inmost
recesses of it were best suited to our purpose, and led us on by winding paths to a spot
where a rivulet of transparent water was meandering in its slow and silent course, to
incorporate with the waters of Guadalaviar. The refreshing shade afforded by the
foliage, and the rich pasturage in which our toil-won beasts so much delighted, would
have fixed this for the place of our halting, if our resolution had not been previously
taken to that effect.
We therefore alighted, and were preparing to pass the day very pleasantly, but
a good breakfast was amongst the foremost of our intended pleasures; and we found
that there was very little ammunition left. Bread was beginning to be a nonentity; and
our bottle was becoming an evidence of the material system, mere carnal leather
without a vivifying soul. Gentlemen, said Ambrose, scenery and the picturesque have
but hungry charms for me, unless Bacchus and Ceres preside over the landscape. Our
provisions must be lengthened out. For this purpose, away post I to Xelva. It is a very
pretty town, not more than two leagues off. I shall soon make this little excursion.
Speaking after this manner, he slung the bottle and the wallet over a horse's back,
leaped merrily into his seat, and shot out of the wood with a rapidity which seemed to
bid fair for a speedy return,
He did not, however, come back quite so soon as he had given us reason to
expect. More than half the day had elapsed; nay, night herself was already pranking
up her dun and gloomy wings, to overshadow the thicket with a denser horror, when
we saw our purveyor once again, whose long stay was beginning to give us some
uneasiness. Our extreme wishes were lame and impotent, compared with the
abundance of his stores. He not only produced the bottle filled with some excellent
wine, and the wallet stuffed with game and poultry ready dressed, to say nothing of
bread; the horse was laden besides with a large bundle of stuffs, of which we could
make neither head nor tail. He took notice of our wonder, and said with a smile: I will
lay a wager, neither Don Raphael nor all the colleges of soothsayers upon earth can
guess why I have bought these articles. With this fling at our dulness, we untied the
bundle, and lectured on the intrinsic value of what we had been considering only as an
empty pageant. In the inventory was a cloak and a black gown of trailing dimensions;
doublets, breeches, and hose to correspond; an inkstand and writing paper, such as a

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secretary of state need not be ashamed of; a key, such as a treasurer might carry; a
great seal and green wax, such as a chancellor might affix to his decrees. When he had
at length exhausted the display of his bargains, Don Raphael observed in a bantering
tone -- Faith and troth, Master Ambrose, it must be confessed that you have made a
good sensible speculation. But pray, how do you mean to turn the penny on your
purchase? Let me alone for that, answered Lamela. All these things cost me only ten
pistoles, and it shall go hard but they bring us in above five hundred. The tens in five
hundred are fifty; a good improvement of money, my masters! I am not a man to
burden myself with a trumpery pedlar's pack; and to prove to you that I have not been
making ducks and drakes of our joint stock, I will let you into the secret of a plan
which has just taken birth in my pericranium.
After having laid in my stock of bread, I went into a cook's shop, where I
ordered a range of partridges, chickens, and young rabbits, half-a-dozen of each, to be
put instantly on the spit. While these relishing little articles were roasting, in came a
man in a violent passion, open-mouthed against the coarse conduct of a tradesman to
his consequential self. This faggot of fury observed to the lord paramount of the
dripping-pan: By St James! Samuel Simon is the most wrong-headed retail dealer in
the town of Xelva. He has just insulted me in his own shop before his customers. The
skinflint would not trust me for six ells of cloth, though he knows very well that my
credit is as good as the bank, and that no one could say he ever lost anything by me.
Are not you delighted with the outlandish monster? He has no objection to getting
people of fashion on his books. He had rather toss up heads or tails with them, than
oblige a plain citizen in an honest way, and be paid in full at the time appointed. What
a strange whim! But he is an infernal Jew. He will be taken in some day or other! All
the merchants on the Exchange are lying in wait to catch him upon the hip; and his
disgrace or ruin will be nuts to me.
While this reptile of the warehouse was thus spitting his spite and blurting out
many other ill-natured innuendoes, there came over me a sort of astrological
anticipation that I should be lord of the ascendant over this Samuel Simon. My friend,
said I to the man who was complaining against that hawker of damaged goods, of
what character is the strange fellow you are talking about? Of a confoundedly bad
character, answered he in a pet, Depend on it, he is one of the most extortionate
usurers in existence, though with the affectation of not letting his left hand know what
his right gives away in charity. He was a Jew, and has turned Catholic; but rip your
way into his heart if he has any, and you will find him still as inveterate a Jew as ever
Pilate was. As for his conversion it was all in the way of trade.
I took in with greedy ear the whole invective of the shop-keeping declaimant,
and failed not, on coming out of the eating-house, to inquire for Samuel Simon's
residence. A person directed me to the part of the town, and there was no difficulty in
finding out the house. It was not enough to skim my eye cursorily over his shop. I
peered into every hole and corner of it; and my imagination, always on the alert when
any profit is to be picked up, has already engendered a rogue's trick, which only waits
the period of gestation, when it may turn out a bantling not unworthy to be fathered by
the sanctimonious servant of Signor Gil Blas. Straightway went I to the ready-made
warehouse, where I bought these dresses, into which we may stuff an inquisitor, a
notary, and an alguazil, and play the parts in the spirit of the solemn offices they
represent.
Ah! my dear Ambrose, interrupted Don Raphael, transported with rapture at
the suggestion, what a wonderful idea! a glorious scheme indeed! I am quite jealous
of the contrivance. Willingly would I blot out the proudest quarter from my

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escutcheon, to have owned an effort of genius so transcendent. Yes, Lamela, I see, my

friend, all the rich invention of the design, and you need be at no loss for instruments
to carry it into effect. You want two good actors to play up to you; and you have not
far to look for them. You have yourself a face that can look sanctified, magisterial, or
blood-thirsty at will, and may do very well to represent the inquisition. My character
shall be that of the notary; and Signor Gil Blas, if he pleases, may enact the alguazil.
Thus are the persons of the drama distributed: to- morrow we will play the piece, and
I will pledge myself for its success, bating one of those unlucky chance medleys,
which turn awry the currents of the most pithy and momentous enterprises.
As yet Don Raphael's masterpiece of roguery had made but a clumsy
impression on my plodding brain; but the argument of the fable was developed at
supper-time, and the hinge upon which it turned was, to my mind, of an ingenious
contrivance. After having despatched part of our game, and bled our bottle to the last
stage of evacuation, we stretched our length upon the grass, and soon fell fast asleep.
Up with you! up with you! was the alarum of Signor Ambrose, as the day begun to
dawn. People who have a great enterprise on hand ought not to indulge themselves in
indolence. A plague upon you, master inquisitor, said Don Raphael, rubbing his eyes,
you are confounded early on the move! It is as good as an order for execution to
master Samuel Simon. Many a true word is spoken in jest, replied Lamela. Nay, you
shall know more, added he with a sarcastic grin. I dreamt last night that I was
plucking the hairs out of his beard. Was not that a left-handed dream for him, master
secretary? These pleasant hits were followed by a thousand others, which called forth
new bursts of merriment. Our breakfast passed off with the utmost gaiety; and when it
was over, we made our arrangements for the pageant we had got up. Ambrose arrayed
himself in sables, as befitted so ghostly an instrument for the suppression of vice. We
also took to our official habits; nor has the dignity of magistracy been often more
gravely represented than by Don Raphael and myself. The making up of our persons
was rather a tedious operation; for it was later than two o' clock in the afternoon when
we sallied from the wood to attend our call at Xelva. It is true, there was no hurry,
since the play was not to begin till the setting-in of the evening. That being the case,
we jogged on leisurely, and stopped at the gates of the town till the day was closed.
At that eventful hour, we left our horses where they were, to the care of Don
Alphonso, who was very well satisfied to have so humble a cast in the distribution. As
for Don Raphael, Ambrose, and myself, our first visit was not to Samuel Simon in
person, but to a tavern-keeper who lived very near him. His reverence the inquisitor
walked foremost. In went he to the bar; and said gravely to the landlord: Master, I
want to speak a word with you in private. The obsequious publican shewed us into a
room, where Lamela, now that we had got him to ourselves, said: I have the honour to
be an unworthy member of the holy office, and am come here on a business of very
great importance. At this intimation, the man of liquor turned pale, and answered in a
tremulous tone that he was not conscious of having given any umbrage to the holy
inquisition. True, replied Ambrose with encouraging affability; neither do we
meditate any harm against you. Heaven forbid, that august tribunal, too hasty in its
punishments, should make no distinction between guilt and innocence. It is
unrelenting, but always just: to become obnoxious to its vengeance, you must have
earned its displeasure by wickedness or contumacy. Be satisfied therefore that it is not
you who bring me to Xelva, but a certain dealer and chapman, by name Samuel
Simon. A very ugly story about him has come round to us. He is still a Jew in his
heart, they say; and has only embraced Christianity from sordid and secular motives. I
command you, in the name of the tremendous court I represent, to tell me all you

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know about that man. Beware how you are induced by good neighbourhood, or
possibly by close friendship, to gloss over and palliate his errors; for, I warn you
authoritatively, if I detect the slightest prevarication in your evidence, you are
yourself even as one of the abandoned and accursed. Where is my secretary? pursued
he, turning down towards Don Raphael. Sit down and do your duty.
Mr Secretary, with his paper already in his hand and his pen behind his ear,
took his seat most pompously, and made ready to take down the landlord's deposition;
who promised solemnly on his part not to suppress one tittle of the real fact. So far, so
good! said the worshipful commissioner; we have only to proceed in our examination.
You will only just answer my questions; but do not interlard your replies with any
comments of your own. Do you often see Samuel Simon at church? I never thought of
looking for him, said the drawer of corks; but I do not know that I ever saw him there
in my life. Very good! cried the inquisitor. Write down that the defendant never goes
to church. I do not say so, your worship, answered the landlord, I only say that I never
happened to see him there. We may have been at church together and yet not have
come across each other. My good friend, replied Lamela, you forget that you are
deposing to facts, and not arguing. Remember what I told you; contempt of court is a
heinous offence. You are to give a sound and discreet evidence; every iota of what
makes against him, and not a word in his favour, if you knew volumes. If that is your
practice, O upright and impartial judge, resumed our host, my testimony will scarcely
be worth the trouble of taking. I know nothing about the tradesman you are inquiring
after; and therefore can tell neither good nor harm of him: but if you wish to examine
into the history of his private life, I will run and call Gaspard, his apprentice, whom
you may question as much as you please. The lad comes and takes his glass here
sometimes with his friends. Bless us, what a tongue! He will rip up all the minutest
actions of his master's life, and find employment for your secretary till his wrist aches,
take my word for it.
I like your open dealing, said Ambrose with a nod of approbation. To point out
a man so capable of speaking to the bad morals of Simon, is an instance of Christian
charity as well as of religious zeal. I shall report you very favourably to the
inquisition. Make haste, therefore; go and fetch this Gaspard, of whom you speak; but
do the thing cautiously, so that his master may have no suspicion of what is going
forward. The multiplier of scores acquitted himself of his commission with due
diligence and laudable privacy. Our little shopman came along with him. The youth
had a tongue with a tang, and was just the sort of fellow that we wanted. Welcome,
my good young man! said Lamela, You behold in me an inquisitor, appointed by that
venerable body to collect informations against Samuel Simon, on an accusation of still
adhering to Judaism in his secret devotions. You are an inmate of his family,
consequently you must be an eye-witness to many of his most private transactions. It
probably may be unnecessary to warn you, that you are obliged in conscience, and by
fear of punishment, to declare all you know about him, notwithstanding any promise
to the contrary, when I order you so to do on the part of the holy inquisition. May it
please your reverence, answered the plodding little rascal, I am quite ready to satisfy
your heart's desire on that head, without being commanded thereto in the name of the
holy office. If ever my acquittal was to depend on my master's character of me, I am
persuaded that my chance would be a sorry one; and for that reason, I shall serve him
as he would serve me. And I may tell you in the first place, that he is a fly-by-night
whose proceedings it is no easy matter to take measure of; a man who puts on all the
starch formalities of an inveterate religionist, but at bottom has not a spark of
principle in his composition. He goes every evening dangling after a little girl no

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better than she should be. . . . I am vastly glad indeed to find that, interrupted
Ambrose, because I plainly perceive, by all you have been telling me, that he is a man
of corrupt morals and licentious practices. But answer point by point to the questions I
shall put to you. It is above all on the subject of religion that I am commissioned to
inquire into his sentiments and conduct. Pray tell me, do you eat much pork at your
house? I do not think, answered Gaspard, that we have seen it at table twice in the
year that I have lived with him. Better and better! replied the paragon of inquisitors
write down in legible characters that they never eat pork in Samuel Simon's family.
But as a set-off against that, doubtless a joint of lamb is served up every now and
then? Yes, every now and then, rejoined the apprentice; we killed one for our own
consumption about last Easter. The season is pat and to the purpose, cried the
ecclesiastical commissioner. Come, write down, that Simon keeps the passover: This
goes on merrily to a complete conviction; and it seems, we have got a good
serviceable information here.
Tell me again, my friend, pursued Lamela, whether you have not often seen
your master fondle young children. A thousand times, answered Gaspard. When he
sees the little urchins playing about before the shop, if they happen to be pretty, he
calls them in and makes much of them. Write that down, be sure you write that down!
interrupted the inquisitor. Samuel Simon is very grievously suspected of lying in wait
for Christian children, and enticing them into his den to circumcise them. Vastly well!
vastly well, indeed, Master Simon! you will have an account to settle with the society
for the suppression of Judaism, take my word for it. Do not take it into your savage
head that such bloody sacrifices are to be perpetrated with impunity. A pretty use you
make of baptism and shaving! Cheer up, religious Gaspard, thou foremost of elect
apprentices! Make a full confession of all thy master's sins; complete thine honest
testimony by telling us how this simular of a Catholic is more than ever wedded to his
Jewish customs and ceremonies. Is it not a fact, that one day in the week he sits with
his hands before him, and will not even perform the most necessary offices for
himself? No, answered Gaspard, I have not exactly observed that. What comes nearest
to it is that on some days he shuts himself up in his closet, and stays there a long time.
Ay! now we have it, exclaimed the commissary. He keeps the sabbath, or I am not an
inquisitor. Note that particularly, officer; note that he observes the fast of the sabbath
most superstitiously! Out upon him! What a shocking fellow! One question more, and
his business is done. Is not he always parleying about Jerusalem? Pretty often indeed,
replied our informer. He knows the Old Testament by heart, and tells us how the
temple of Jerusalem was destroyed. The very thing! resumed Ambrose. Secretary! be
sure you do not neglect that feature of the case. Write, in letters of an inch long, that
Samuel Simon has contracted with the devil for the rebuilding of the temple, and that
he is plotting day and night for the re-establishment of his nation. That is all I want to
know; and it is labour in vain to pursue the examination any further. What Gaspard, in
the spirit of truth and charity, has deposed, would be sufficient to make a bonfire of
all Jewry.
When the august mouth-piece of the holy tribunal had sifted the little
scoundrelly apprentice after this manner, he told him he might go about his business;
at the same time commanding him, under the severest penalties of the inquisition, not
to say a word to his master about what was going forward. Gaspard promised implicit
obedience, and marched off. We were not long in coming after him: our procession
from the inn was as grave and solemn as our pilgrimage thereunto, till we knocked at
Samuel Simon's door. He opened it in person. Three figures such as ours might have
dumbfounded a better man; but his face was as long as a lawsuit, when Lamela, our

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spokesman, said to him in a tone of authority: Master Samuel, I command you in the
name of the holy inquisition, whose delegate I have the honour to be, to give me the
key of your closet without murmur or delay. I want to see if I cannot find wherewithal
to corroborate certain hints which have been communicated to us respecting you.
The son of commerce, aghast at these sounds of melancholy import, reeled
two steps backward, just as if some one had given him a blow in the breadbasket. Far
from smelling a rat in this pleasant trick of ours, he fancied in good earnest that some
secret enemy had made him an object of suspicion to the holy hue-and-cry; and it
might possibly have happened that, from being rather clumsy at his new duties as a
Christian, he might be conscious of having laid himself open to serious
animadversion. However that might be, I never saw a man look more foolish. He did
as he was ordered without saying nay; and opened all his lock-up places with the
sheepish acquiescence of a man, who stood in awe of an ecclesiastical rap on the
knuckles. At least, said Ambrose as he went in, at least you are not a contumacious
oppugner of our resistless mandates. But withdraw into another room, and leave me to
fulfil the duties of my station without profane observers. Samuel did not set his face
against this command any more than against the first: but kept himself quiet in his
shop, while we went all three of us into his closet, where, without loss of time, we laid
an embargo on his cash. It was no difficult matter to find it; for it lay in an open
coffer, and in much larger quantity than we could carry away. There were a great
many bags heaped up; but all in silver. Gold would have been more to our mind; but,
as robbers must not be choosers any more than beggars, we were obliged to yield to
the necessity of the case. Not only did we line our pockets with ducats; but the most
unsearchable parts of our dress were made the receptacles of our filchings. Yet was
there no outward shew of the heavy burden under which we tottered; thanks to the
cunning contrivance of Ambrose and Don Raphael, who proved that there is nothing
like being master of one's trade.
We marched out of the closet, after having feathered our nests pretty warmly;
and then, for a reason which the reader will have no great difficulty in guessing, the
worshipful inquisitor produced his padlock, and fixed it on the door with his own
hands: he affixed moreover his own seal, and then said to Simon: Master Samuel, I
forbid you, in the name of the holy inquisition, to touch either this padlock or this
seal, which it is your bounden duty to hold sacred, since it is the authentic seal of our
holy office. I shall return hither this time to-morrow, then and here to open my
commission, and provisionally to take off the interdict. With this injunction, he
ordered the street door to he opened, and we made our escape after the processional
manner, out of our wits with joy. As soon as we had marched about fifty yards, we
began to mend our pace into such a quick step, aggravated by degrees into a leap and
a bound, that we were almost like vaulters and tumblers, in spite of the weight we
carried. We were soon out of town; and mounting our horses once more, pushed
forward towards Segorba, with many a pious ejaculation to the God Mercury, on the
happy issue of so bold an attempt.

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CH. II -- The determination of Don Alphonso and Gil Blas after this adventure.
We travelled all night, according to our modest and unobtrusive custom; so
that we found ourselves at sunrise near a little village two leagues from Segorba. As
we were all tired to death, it was agreed unanimously to strike out of the highway, and
rest under the shade of some willows, which we saw at the foot of a little hill, about
ten or twelve hundred yards from the village, where it did not seem expedient for us to
halt. These willows furnished us with an agreeable retreat, by the side of a little brook
which bubbled as it washed their roots. The place struck our fancy, and we resolved to
pass the day there. We unbridled our horses, and turned them out to grass, stretching
our own gentle limbs on the soft sod. There we courted the drowsy god of innocent
repose for a while, and then rummaged to the bottom of our wallet and our wine-skin.
After an ecclesiastical breakfast, we counted up our ten tithes of Samuel Simon's
money; and it mounted to a round three thousand ducats. So that with such a sum and
what we had before, it might be said, without boasting, that we knew how to make
both ends meet.
As it was necessary to go to market, Ambrose and Don Raphael, throwing off
their dresses now the play was over, said that they would take that office conjointly on
themselves: the adventure at Xelva had only sharpened their wit, and they had a mind
to look about Segorba, just to make the experiment whether any opportunity might
offer of striking another stroke. You have no thing to do, added the heir of Lucinda's
wit and wisdom, but to wait for us under these willows: we shall not be long before
we are with you again. Signor Don Raphael, exclaimed I with a horse- laugh, tell us
rather to wait for you under a more substantial tree; the gallows. If you once leave us,
we are in a month's mind that we shall not see you again till the day after the fair. This
suspicion of our honour goes against the grain, replied Signor Ambrose; but we
deserve that our characters should suffer in your esteem. It is but reason that you
should distrust our purity, after the affair at Valladolid, and should fancy that we shall
make it no more a matter of conscience to play at the devil take the hindmost with
you, than with the party that we left in the lurch in that town, Yet you deceive
yourselves egregiously. The gang upon whom we turned the tables were people of
very bad character, and their company began to be disreputable to us. Thus far justice
must be done to the members of our profession, that there is no bond in all civilized
life less liable to be broken by personal and private interest; but when there are no
feelings in common, our good understanding will be the worse for wear, as it happens
among other descriptions of men. Wherefore, Signor Gil Blas, I entreat you, and
Signor Don Alphonso as well as you, to be somewhat more liberal in your
construction of us, and to set your hearts at respecting Don Raphael's and my whim
about going to Segorba.
It is the easiest thing in the world, observed Lucinda's hopeful brat, to quash
all subject of uneasiness on that score: they have only to remain treasurers of the
exchequer, and they will have a sufficient pledge in their hands for our re turn. You
see, Signor Gil Blas, that we are all fair and above-board. You shall both hold security
for our re-appearance, and you may rest assured that for Ambrose and myself, we
shall set off without the slightest misgiving of your taking to your heels with so
valuable a deposit. After so substantial a proof of our good faith, will you not place
implicit confidence in us? Yes, gentle men, said I, and you may do at once whatever
seems good in your own eyes. They took their departure immediately, carrying the
bottle and the wallet along with them, and left me under the willows with Don
Alphonso, who said to me after they were out of sight: Now is the time, Signor Gil

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Blas, now is the time to open my heart to you. I am angry with myself for having been
so easily prevailed on to herd thus far with these two knaves. You have no idea how
many times I have quarrelled with myself on that score. Yesterday evening, while I
was watching the horses, a thousand mortifying reflections rushed upon my mind. I
thought it did not become a young man of honourable principles to live among such
scurvy fellows as Don Raphael and Lamela; that if by ill-luck some day or other, and
many a more unlikely thing has happened, the success of our swindling tricks should
throw us into the hands of justice, I might sustain the shame of being tried with them
as a reputed thief, and under going the disgraceful sentence of the law. These frightful
thoughts present themselves incessantly to my imagination, and I will own to you that
I have determined, as the only means of escape from the contamination of their bad
actions, to part from them for ever. I can scarcely suppose that you will disapprove of
my design. No, I promise you, answered I: though you have seen me perform the part
of the alguazil in Samuel Simon's comedy, do not fancy that such pieces as those are
got up to my taste. I take heaven to witness that while acting in so witty a scene, I said
to myself: Faith and troth, master Gil Blas, if justice should come and lay hold of you
by the wezand at this moment, you would well deserve the penitential wages of your
iniquity. I feel therefore no more disposed than yourself, Don Alphonso, to tarry
longer in such bad company; and if you think well of it, I will bear you company.
When these gentlemen come back, we will demand a balancing of the accounts, and
to-morrow morning, or even to-night before to-morrow, we will make our bow to
them.
The lovely Seraphina's lover approved my proposal. Let us get to Valencia,
said he, and we will embark for Italy, where we shall be able to enter into the service
of the Venetian republic. Will it not be far better to take up the profession of arms,
than to lead such a dastardly and disreputable life as we are now engaged in? We shall
even be in a condition to make a very handsome figure with the money that will be
coming to us. Not that I appropriate to myself without remorse a fund so unfairly
established; but besides that necessity obliges me to it, if ever I acquire any property
in my campaigns, I make a vow to indemnify Samuel Simon. I gave Don Alphonso to
understand that my sentiments coincided with his own, and we resolved at once to
separate ourselves from our companions on the following morning before daybreak.
We were above the temptation of profiting by their absence, that is, of marching off in
a hurry with the sum total of the finances: the confidence they had reposed in leaving
us masters of the whole revenue, did not permit such a thought so much as to pass
through our minds.
Ambrose and Don Raphael returned from Segorba just at the close of day. The
first thing they told us was, that their journey had been propitious; for they had laid
the corner-stone of a rascality which, to all appearance, would turn out still better than
that of the evening before. And thereupon the son of Lucinda was going to put us in
possession of the details; but Don Alphonse cut him short in his explanation, and
declared at once his intention of parting company. I announced my own wish to do the
same. To no purpose did they employ all their rhetoric, to prove to us the propriety of
our accompanying them in their professional travels: we took leave of them the next
morning, after having made an equal division of our cash, and pushed on towards
Valencia.

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CH. III. -- An unfortunate occurrence, which terminated to the high delight of

Don Alphonso. Gil Blas meets with an adventure which places him all at once in
a very superior situation.
We galloped on gaily as far as Bunol, where, as ill-luck would have it, we
were obliged to stop. Don Alphonso was taken ill. His disorder was a high fever, with
such an access of alarming symptoms, as put me in fear for his life. By the greatest
mercy in the world, the place was not beset by a single physician, and I got clear off
without any harm but my fright. He was quite out of danger at the end of three days,
and with my nursing, his recovery was rapid and without relapse. He seemed to be
very grateful for my attentions; and as we really and truly felt a liking for each other,
we swore an eternal friendship.
At length we got on our journey again, in the constant determination, when we
arrived at Valencia, of profiting by the first opportunity which might offer to go over
into Italy. But heaven disposed of us differently. We saw at the gate of a fine castle
some country people of both sexes making merry and dancing in a ring. We went near
to be spectators of their revels; and Don Alphonso was never less prepared than for
the surprise which all at once came over his senses. He found it was Baron Steinbach,
who was as little backward in recognizing him, but ran up to him with open arms, and
exclaimed, in accents of unbridled joy -- Ah, Don Alphonso! is it you? What a
delightful meeting! While search was making for you in every direction, chance
presents you to my view.
My fellow-traveller dismounted immediately, and ran to embrace the baron,
whose joy seemed to me of an extravagant nature. Come, my long-lost son, said the
good old man, you shall now be informed of your own birth, and know the happy
destiny that awaits you. As he uttered these words, he conducted him into the castle. I
went in along with them; for while they were exchanging salutations, I had alighted
and tied our horses to a tree. The lord of the castle was the first person whom we met.
He was about the age of fifty, and a very well-looking man. Sir, said Baron Steinbach
as he introduced Don Alphonso, behold your son. At these words, Don Caesar de
Leyva, for by that title the lord of the castle was called, threw his arms round Don
Alphonso's neck, and weeping with joy, muttered indistinctly, My dear son, know in
me the author of your being. If I have for so long left you in ignorance of your birth
and family, rest assured that the self- denial was mine in the most painful degree. I
have a thousand times been ready to burst with anxiety, but it was impossible to act
otherwise. I had married your mother from sheer attachment, for her origin was very
inferior to mine. I lived under the control of an austere father, whose severity rendered
it necessary to keep secret a marriage contracted without his sanction. Baron
Steinbach, and he alone, was in my confidence: he brought you up at my request, and
under my directions. At length my father is laid with his ancestors, and I can own you
for my son and heir. This is not all; I can give you for a bride a young lady whose
rank is on a level with my own. Sir, interrupted Don Alphonso, make me not pay too
dear for the happiness you have just been throwing in my lap. May I not be told that I
have the honour of being your son without being informed at the same time that you
are determined to make me miserable? Ah, sir! be not more cruel than your own
father. If he did not consent to the indulgence of your passion, at least he never
compelled you to take another wife. My son, replied Don Caesar, I have no wish to
exercise a tyranny over your inclinations, which I spurned at in my own case. But
have the good manners just to see the lady I design for you, that is all I require from
your filial duty. Though a lovely creature and a very advantageous match, I promise
never to force you into marriage. She is now in this castle. Follow me; you will be

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obliged to acknowledge that you have rarely seen a more attractive object. So saying,
he led Don Alphonso into a room where I made myself one of the party with Baron
Steinbach.
There was the Count de Polan with his two daughters, Seraphina and Julia, and
Don Ferdinand de Leyva, his son-in-law, who was Don Caesar's nephew. Don
Ferdinand, as was mentioned before, had eloped with Julia, and it was on the occasion
of the marriage between these two lovers that the peasantry of the neighbourhood
were collected on this day to congratulate the bride and bride groom. As soon as Don
Alphonso made his appearance, and his father had introduced him to the company, the
Count de Polan rose from his chair and ran to embrace him, saying -- Welcome, my
deliverer! Don Alphonso, added he, addressing his discourse to him, observe the
power of virtue over generous minds. Though you have killed my son, you have saved
my life. I lay aside my resentment for ever, and give you that very Seraphina whose
honour you protected from invasion. In so doing, my debt to you is paid. Don Caesar's
son was not wanting in acknowledgments to the Count de Polan, nor could he be
otherwise than deeply affected by his goodness; and it maybe doubted whether the
discovery of his birth and parentage touched his felicity more nearly than the
intelligence that he was the destined husband of Seraphina. This marriage was
actually solemnized some days afterwards, to the entire satisfaction of all parties
concerned.
As I was one of the Count de Polan's deliverers, this nobleman, who knew me
again immediately, said that he would take upon himself the care of making my
fortune. I thanked him for his liberality, but would not leave Don Alphonso, who
made me steward of his household, and honoured me with his confidence. A few days
after his marriage, still harping upon the trick which had been played to Samuel
Simon, he sent me to return to that cozened shopkeeper all the money which had been
filched from him. I went therefore to make restitution. This was setting up the trade of
a steward, but beginning at the wrong end: they ought all of them to end with
restitution; but nine hundred and ninety-nine out of a thousand think it double trouble,
and excuse themselves.

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BOOK THE SEVENTH.

CH. I. -- The tender attachment between Gil Blas and Dame Lorenza Sephora.
AWAY went I to Xelva with three thousand ducats under my charge, as an
equivalent to Samuel Simon for the amount of his loss. I will have the honesty to own,
that my fingers itched as I jogged along, to transfer these funds to my own account,
and begin my stewardship in character, since everything in this life depends upon
setting out well. There was no risk in preferring instinct to principle: because it was
only to ride about the country for five or six days, and come home upon a brisk trot as
if I had done my business and made the best of my way. Don Alphonso and his father
would never have believed me capable of a breach of trust. Yet, strange to tell, I was
proof against so tempting a suggestion: it would scarcely be too much to say, that
honour, not the fear of being found out, was the spring of so praiseworthy a decision;
and as times go, that is saying a great deal for a lad, whose conscience had been pretty
well seasoned by keeping company with a succession of scoundrels. Many people
who have not that excuse, but frequent worshipful society, will wonder how such
squeamishness should have prevailed over my good sense: treasurers of charities in
particular; persons who have the wills of relations in their custody, and do not exactly
like the contents; in short, all those whose characters stand higher than their
principles, will find food for reflection in my overstrained scrupulosity.
After having made restitution to the merchant, who little thought ever to have
seen one farthing of his property again, I returned to the castle of Lena. The Count de
Polan had taken his departure, and was far on his journey to Toledo with Julia and
Don Ferdinand. I found my new master more wrapped up than ever in Seraphina; his
Seraphina equally wrapped up in my master, and Don Caesar just as much wrapped
up as either in the contemplation of the happy couple. My object was to gain the
goodwill of this affectionate father, and I succeeded to my wish. The whole house was
placed implicitly under my superintendence -- nothing was done without my special
direction; the tenants paid their rents into my hands; the disbursements of the family
were all under my revision; and the subordinate situations in the household were at
my disposal without appeal; and yet the power of tyrannizing did not give me the
inclination, as it has always hitherto done to my equals and superiors. I neither turned
away the male servants, because I did not like the cut of their beards, nor the female
ones because they happened not to like the cut of mine. If they made up to Don
Caesar or his son at once, without currying my favour as the channel of all good
graces, far from taking umbrage at them on that account, I spoke out officiously in
their behalf. In other respects, too, the marks of confidence my two masters were
incessantly lavishing on me inspired me with a substantial zeal for their service. Their
interest was my real object: there was no slight of hand in my ministry; I was such a
caterer for the general good, as you rarely meet with in private families or in political
societies.
While I was hugging myself on the well-earned prosperity of my condition,
love, jealous of my dealings with fortune, was bent on sharing my gratitude by the
addition of a higher zest, he planted, watered, and ripened in the heart of Dame
Lorenza Sephora, Seraphina's confidential woman, an abundant crop of liking for the
happy steward. My Helen, not to sink the fidelity of the historian in the vanity of the
man, could not be many months short of her fiftieth year. But for all that, a look of
wholesomeness, a face none of the ugliest, and two good-looking eyes of which she
knew the efficient use, might make her still pass for a decent bit of amusement in a

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summer evening. I could only just have been thankful for a little more relief to her
complexion, since it was precisely the colour of chalk; but that I attributed to maiden
concealments, which had eat away all the damask of her cheek.
The lady ogled me for a long time, with ogles that savoured more of passion
than of chastity; but instead of communing in the language of the eyes, I made
pretence at first not to be sensible of my own happiness. Thus did my gallantry appear
as if arrayed in its first blushes; a circumstance which was rather tempting than
repulsive to her feelings. Taking it into her head, therefore, that there was no standing
upon dumb eloquence with a young man who looked more like a novice than he was,
at our very first interview she declared her sentiments in broad, unequivocal terms,
that I might have no plea for misinterpretation. She played her part like an old stager:
affected to be overwhelmed with confusion while she was speaking to me; and after
having said all she wanted to say in a good audible voice, put her hand before her
face, to hide the shame which was not there, and make me believe that she was
incommoded by the delicacy of her own feelings. There was no standing such an
attack; and though vanity had a larger share in my surrender than the tender passion, I
did not receive her overtures ungraciously. Nay, more, I presumed to overlook
decorum in my vivacity, and acted the impatient lover so naturally as to call down a
modest rebuke upon my freedoms. Lorenza chid my fondness, but with so much
fondness in her chidings, that while she prescribed to me the coldness of an anchorite,
it was very evident she would have been miserably disappointed if I had taken her
prescription. I should have pressed the affair at once to the natural termination of all
such affairs, if the lovely object of my ardent wishes had not been afraid of giving me
a left-handed opinion of her virtue, by abandoning the works before the siege was
regularly formed. This being so, we parted, but with a promise to meet again: Sephora
in the full persuasion that her reluctant resistance would stamp her for a vestal in my
esteem, and myself full of the sweet hope that the torments of Tantalus would soon be
succeeded by an elysium of enjoyment.
My affairs were in this happy train, when one of Don Caesar's under servants
brought me such a piece of news, as gave an ague to my raptures. This lad was one of
those inquisitive inmates who apply either an ear or an eye to every keyhole in a
house. As he paid his court constantly to me, and served up some fresh piece of
scandal every day, he came to tell me one morning that he had made a pleasant
discovery; and that he had no objection to letting me into the fun, on condition that I
would not blab: because Dame Lorenza Sephora was the theme of the joke, and he
was afraid of becoming obnoxious to her resentment and revenge. I was too much
interested in coming at the story he had to tell, not to swear myself into discretion
through thick and thin; but it was necessary that my motive should seem curiosity and
not personal concern, so that I asked him, with an air of as much indifference as I
could put on, what was this mighty discovery about which he made such a piece of
work. Lorenza, whispered he, smuggles the surgeon of the village every evening into
her apartment: he is a tight vessel, well armed and manned; and the pirate generally
stays pretty long upon his cruise. I do not mean to say, added he, with supercilious
candour but that all this may be perfectly innocent on both sides, but you cannot help
admitting, that where a young man does insinuate himself slily into a girl's
bedchamber he takes better care of his own pleasure than of her reputation.
Though this tale gave me as much uneasiness as if I had been verily and
romantically in love, I had too much sense to let him know it; but so far stifled my
feelings as to laugh heartily at a story which struck at the very life of all my hopes.
But when no witnesses were by, I made myself full amends for having gulped down

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my rising indignation. I blustered and stormed; muttered blessings on them the wrong
way, and swore outright: but all this without coming nearer to a decision on my own
conduct. At one time, holding Lorenza in utter contempt, it was my good pleasure to
give her up altogether, without condescending so far as to come to any explanation
with the coquette. At an other time, laying it down as a principle, that my honour was
concerned in making the surgeon an example to all intriguers, I spirited up my
courage to call him out. Thus dangerous valour prevailed over safe indifference. At
the approach of evening I placed myself in ambuscade; and sure enough the
gentleman did slink into the temple of my Vesta, with a fear of being found out that
spoke rather unfavourably for the purity of his designs. Nothing short of this could
have kept my rage alive against the chilliness of the night air. I immediately quitted
the precincts of the castle, and posted myself on the high road, where the gay deceiver
was sure to be intercepted on his return. I waited for him with my fighting spirits on
the full boil: my impatience increased with the lapse of time, till Mars and Bellona
seemed to inhabit my frame, and enlarge it beyond human dimensions. At length my
antagonist came in sight. I took a few strides, such as bully Mars or Bellona might
have taken; but I do not know how the devil it came to pass, my courage went further
off as my body came nearer; my frame was contracted within somewhat less than its
human dimensions, and my heart felt exactly like the heart of a coward. The hearts of
Homer's heroes felt exactly the same, when the dastardly dogs were not backed by a
supernatural drawcansir! In short, I was just as much out of my element as ever Paris
was, when he pitted himself against Menelaus in single combat. I began taking
measure of this operator in love, war, and anatomy. He appeared to be large limbed
and well knit, with a sword by his side of a most abominable length. All this made me
consider, that the better part of valour is discretion: nevertheless, whether from the
superiority of mind over the nervous system in a case of honour, or from whatever
other cause, though the danger grew bigger as the distance diminished, and in spite of
nature, which pleaded obstinately that honour is a mere scutcheon, and can neither set
a leg nor take away the grief of a wound, I mustered up boldness enough to march
forward towards the surgeon sword in hand.
My proceeding seemed to him to be of the drollest. What is the matter, Signor
Gil Blas? exclaimed he. Why all this fire and fury? You are in a bantering mood, to all
appearance. No, good master shaver, answered I, no such thing; there never was
anything more serious since Cain killed Abel. I am determined to try the experiment,
whether as little preparation serves your turn in the field of battle as in a lady's
chamber. Hope not that you will be suffered to possess without a rival that heaven of
bliss in which you have been indulging but this moment at the castle. By all the
martyrdoms we phlebotomizers have ever suffered or inflicted! replied the surgeon,
setting up a shout of laughter, this is a most whimsical adventure. As heaven is my
judge! appearances are very little to be trusted. At this put off, fancying that he had no
keener stomach for cold iron than myself, I got to be I ten times more over bearing.
Teach your parrot to speak better Spanish, my friend, interrupted I; do you think we
do not know a hawk from a hernshaw? Imagine not that the simple denial of the fact
will settle the business. I see plainly, replied he, that I shall be obliged to speak out, or
some mischief must happen either to you or me. I shall therefore disclose a secret to
you; though men in our profession cannot be too much on the reserve. If Dame
Lorenza sends for me into her apartment under suspicious circumstances, it is only to
conceal from the servants the knowledge of her malady. She has an incurable ulcer in
her back, which I come every evening to dress. This is the real occasion of those visits
which disturb your peace. Henceforward, rest assured that you have her all to

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yourself. But if you are not satisfied with this expectation, and are absolutely bent on
a fencing match, you have only to say so; I am not a man to turn my back upon a
game at sword play. With these words in his mouth he drew his long rapier, which
made my heart jump into my throat, and stood upon his guard. It is enough, said I,
putting my sword up again in its scabbard, I am not a wild beast, to turn a deaf ear to
reason: after what you have told me, there is no cause of enmity between us. Let us
shake hands. At this proposal, by which he found out that I was not such a devil of a
fellow as he had taken me for, he returned his weapon with a laugh, met my advances
to be reconciled, and we parted the best friends in the world.
From that time forward Sephora never came into my thoughts but with the
most disgusting associations. I shunned all the opportunities she gave me of
entertaining her in private, and this with so obvious a study, almost bordering on
rudeness, that she could not but notice it. Astonished at so sudden a reverse, she was
dying to know the cause, and at length, finding the means of pinning me down to a
tête-à-tête, Good Mr Steward, said she, tell me, if so please you, why you avoid the
very sight of me! It is true that I made the first advances; but then you fed the
consuming fire. Recall to memory, if it is not too great a favour, the private interview
we had together. Then you were a magazine of combustibles, now you are as frozen
as the north sea. What is the meaning of all this? The question was not a little difficult
of solution, for a man unaccustomed to the violence of amorous interrogatories. The
consequence was, that it puzzled me most confoundedly. I do not precisely recollect
the identical lie I told the lady, but I recollect perfectly that nothing but the truth could
have affronted her more highly. Sephora, though by her mincing air and modest
outside one might have taken her for a lamb, was a tigress when the savage was
roused in her nature. I did think, said she, darting a glance at me full of malice and
hideousness, I did think to have conferred such honour as was never conferred before,
on a little scoundrel like you, by betraying sentiments which the first nobility in the
country would make it their boast to excite. Fitly indeed am I punished for having
preposterously lowered myself to the level of a dirty, snivelling adventurer.
That was pretty well; but she did not stop there: I should have come off too
cheaply on such terms. Her fury taking a long lease of her tongue, that brawling
instrument of discord rung a bob- major of invective, each strain more clamorous and
confounding than the former. It certainly was my duty to have received it all with cool
indifference, and to have considered candidly that in triumphing over female reserve,
and then not taking possession of the conquest, I had committed that sin against the
sex, which would have transformed the most feminine of them into a Sephora. But I
was too irritable to bear abuse, at which a man of sense in my place would only have
laughed; and my patience was at length exhausted. Madam, said I, let us not rake into
each other's personal misfortunes, If the first nobility in the country had only looked
at your back, they would have forgotten all your other charms, and have boasted but
little of the sentiments they had excited you to betray. I had no sooner laid in this
home stroke, then the enraged duenna visited me with the hardest box on the ear that
ever yet proceeded from the delicate fingers of a woman scorned. Such favours might
pall on repetition; so I did not wait for a second, but took shelter in the nimbleness of
my legs from the clatter of castigation she was going to shower down on me.
I returned thanks to the protecting powers for having brought me clear off
from this unequal encounter, and fancied that I had nothing further to apprehend,
since the lady had taken corporal vengeance. It was likely, too, that she would be wise
and hold her tongue, for the honour of her own back: and, in point of fact, a full
fortnight had elapsed without my hearing a word upon the subject The very tingling in

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my own cheek began to abate, when I was told that Sephora was taken ill. With that
forgiveness of injuries so natural to me, I was sincerely afflicted at the news. I really
felt for the poor lady. I concluded that, unable to contend with a passion so ill repaid,
that hapless victim of her own tenderness was giving up the ghost. It was with
exquisite pain that I turned this subject in my thoughts. I was the cruel cause that her
heart was breaking; and my pity at least was the duenna's, though love is too wayward
to be controlled by advice. But I was miserably mistaken in her nature. Her tenderness
had all curdled into acrimonious hatred; and at that very moment was she plotting to
be my bane.
One morning while I was with Don Alphonso, that amiable young master of
mine was absent, moody, and out of spirits. I inquired respectfully what was the
matter. I am vexed to the soul, said he, to find Seraphina weak, unjust, ungrateful.
You are not a little surprised at this, added he, remarking the expression of
astonishment with which I heard him; yet nothing is more strictly and lamentably true.
I know not what reason you have given Dame Lorenza to be at variance with you; but
true it is, you are become so unbearably hateful to her, that if you do not get out of
this castle as soon as possible, her death, she says, must be the sure consequence. You
cannot but suppose that Seraphina, who knows your value, used all her influence at
first against a prejudice to which she could not administer without injustice and
ingratitude. But though the best of women, she is still a woman. Sephora brought her
up, and she loves her like a mother. Should her old nurse die shortly, she would fancy
she had her death to answer for, had she refused herself to any of her whims. For my
own part, with all my affection towards Seraphina, and it is none of the weakest, I will
never be guilty of so mean a compliance as to side with her on this question. Perish
our duennas, perish the whole system of our Spanish vigilance! but never let me
consent to the banishment of a young man whom I look upon rather as a brother than
a servant!
When Don Alphonso had thus expressed his sentiments, I said to him: My
good sir, I am born to be the mere whipping-top of fortune. It had been my hope that
she would leave off persecuting me when under your roof, where everything held out
to me happy days and an unruffled life. Now, the part for honour to take is to tear
myself away, whatever hankering I may feel after my continuance. No, no, exclaimed
the generous son of Don Caesar. Leave me to bring Seraphina to a proper view of
things. It shall never be said that you are sacrificed to the caprices of a duenna, who,
on every occasion, has but too much influence over the family. All you will get by it,
sir, replied I, will only be to put Seraphina in an ill humour by opposing her wishes. I
had much rather withdraw than run the risk, by a longer abode here, of sowing
division between a married pair, who are a model of conjugal felicity. Such a
consequence of my unhappy quarrel would make me miserable for the remainder of
my days.
Don Alphonso absolutely forbade me to take any hasty step; and I found him
so determined in the intention of standing by me, that Lorenza must infallibly have
been thrown into the background, if I had chosen to have stood an election against
her. There were moments when, exasperated against the duenna, I was tempted to
keep no measures with her; but when I came to consider that to unravel this surgical
mystery would be to plunge a dagger into the heart of a poor creature, whose curse
had been my fastidious prejudice against an ulcerated back, and whom a physical and
mental misfortune were conjointly handing down to the grave; I lost all feeling but
that of compassion towards her. It was evident, since I was so portentous a
phenomenon, that it was my imperious duty to re-establish the tranquillity of the

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castle by my absence; and that duty I performed the next morning before daybreak,
without taking any leave of my two masters, for fear they should oppose my departure
from a misplaced partiality towards me. My only notice was to leave behind in my
chamber a memorial, containing an exact account of my receipts and disbursements
during the time of my stewardship.

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CH. II. -- What happened to Gil Blas after his retreat from the castle of Leyva;
shewing that those who are crossed in love are not always the most miserable of
mankind.
I WAS mounted on a good horse, my own property, and was the bearer of two
hundred pistoles, the greater part of which arose from the plunder of the vanquished
banditti, and the forfeiture of Samuel Simon by the Inquisition; for Don Alphonso,
without requiring me to account for any part of the said forfeiture, had made
restitution of the entire sum out of his own funds. Thus, considering my effects,
however obtained, as converted into lawful property by a sort of vicarious
sponsorship, I took them into my good graces without any remorse of conscience. An
estate like this rendered it absurd to throw away any thought about the future; and a
certain likelihood of doing well, which always hangs about a young man at my age,
held out an additional security against the caprices of fortune. Besides, Toledo offered
me a retreat exactly to my mind. There could not be a doubt but the Count de Polan
would take a pleasure in giving a kind reception to one of his deliverers, and would
insist on his accepting an apartment in his own house. But I only looked upon this
nobleman as a very distant resource; and determined, before laying any tax on his
grateful recollection, to spend part of my ready cash in travelling over the provinces
of Murcia and Grenada, which I had a very particular inclination to see. With this
intention I took the Almanza road, and afterwards, following the route chalked out,
travelled from town to town as far as the city of Grenada, without stumbling on any
sinister occurrence. It should seem as if fortune, wearied out with the school-girl's
tricks she had been playing me, was contented at last to leave me as she found me.
But she still had her skittish designs upon me, as will be seen in the sequel.
One of the first persons I met in the streets of Grenada was Signor Don
Ferdinand de Leyva, son-in-law, as well as Don Alphonso, of the Count de Polan. We
were both of us equally surprised at meeting so far from home. How is this, Gil Blas?
exclaimed he; to find you in this city! What the devil brings you hither? Sir, said I, if
you are astonished at seeing me in this country, you will be ten times more so when
you shall know why I have quitted the service of Signor Don Caesar and his son. Then
I recounted to him all that had passed between Sephora and myself, without garbling
the facts in any particular. He laughed heartily at the recital; then, recovering his
gravity, My friend, said he, my mediation is at your service in this affair. I will write
to my sister-in-law . . . . No, no, sir, interrupted I, do not write upon the subject, I
beseech you. I did not quit the castle of Leyva to go back again. You may, if you
please, make another use of the kindness you have expressed for me. If any of your
friends should be looking out for a secretary or a steward, I should be much obliged to
you to speak a good word in my favour. I will take upon me to assure you that you
will never be reproached with recommending an improper object. You have only to
command me, answered he: I will do whatever you desire. My business at Grenada is
to visit an old aunt in an ill state of health. I shall be here three weeks longer, after
which I shall set out on my return to my castle of Lorqui, where I have left Julia. That
is my lodging, added he, shewing me a house about a hundred yards from us. Call
upon me in a few days; probably I may by that time have hit upon some eligible
appointment.
And, in fact, so it was; for the very first time that we came together again, he
said to me: My Lord Archbishop of Grenada, my relation and friend, is in want of a
young man with some little tinge of literature, who can write a good hand and make
fair copies of his manuscripts; for he is a great author. He has composed I know not

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how many homilies, and still goes on composing more every day, which he delivers to
the high edification of his audience. As you seem to be just the thing for him, I have
mentioned your name, and he has promised to take you. Go, and make your bow to
him as from me; you will judge, by his reception of you, whether my recommendation
has been couched in handsome terms.
The situation was, to all appearance, exactly what I should have picked out for
myself. That being the case, with such an arrangement of my air and person as seemed
most likely to square with the ideas of a reverend prelate, I presented myself one
morning before the archbishop. If this were a gorgeous romance, and not a grave
history, here might we introduce a pompous description of the episcopal palace, with
architectural digressions on the structure of the building: here would be the place to
expatiate on the costliness of the furniture like an upholsterer, to criticise the statues
and pictures like a connoisseur; and the pictures themselves would be nothing to the
uninformed reader, without the stories they represent, till universal history, fabulous
and authentic, sacred and profane, should be pressed into the service. But I shall
content myself with modestly stating, that the royal palace itself is scarcely superior in
magnificence.
Throughout the suite of apartments, there was a complete mob of ecclesiastics
and other officers, consisting of chaplains, ushers, upper and menial servants. Those
of them who were laymen were most superbly attired; one would sooner have taken
them for temporal nobility than for spiritual understrappers. They were as proud as the
devil; and gave themselves intolerably consequential airs. I could not help laughing in
my sleeve, when I considered who and what they were, and how they behaved. Set a
beggar on horseback! said I. These gentry are in luck to carry a pack without feeling
the drag of it; for surely if they knew they were beasts of burden, they would not
jingle their bells with so high a toss of the head. I ventured just to speak to a grave and
portly personage who stood sentinel at the door of the archbishop's closet, to turn it
upon its hinges as occasion might require. I asked him civilly if there was no
possibility of speaking with my lord archbishop. Stop a little, said he, with a
supercilious demeanour and repulsive tone: his grace will shortly come forth, to go
and hear mass: you may snatch an audience for a moment as he passes on. I answered
not a single syllable. Patience was all I had for it; and it even seemed advisable to try
and enter into conversation with some of the jacks in office: but they began conning
me over from the sole of my foot to the crown of my head, without condescending to
favour me with a single interjection; after which they winked at one another,
whispered, and looked out at the corners of their eyes, in derision of the liberty I had
assumed, by intruding upon their select society.
I felt more fool that I did so, quite out of countenance at such cavalier
treatment from a knot of state footmen. My confusion was but beginning to subside,
when the closet door opened. The archbishop made his appearance. A profound
silence immediately ensued among his officers, who quitted at once their insolent
behaviour, to adopt a more respectful style before their master. That prelate was in his
sixty-ninth year, formed nearly on the model of my uncle, Gil Perez the canon, which
is as much as to say, as broad as he was long. But the highest dignitaries should
always be the most amply gifted; accordingly his legs bowed inwards to the very
extremity of the graceful curve, and his bald head retained but a single lock behind: so
that he was obliged to ensconce his pericranium in a fine woollen cap with long ears.
In spite of all this, I espied the man of quality in his deportment, doubtless, because I
knew that he actually happened to be one. We common fellows, the fungous growth
of the human dunghill, look up to great lords with a facility of being overawed, which

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often furnishes them with a Benjamin's mess of importance, when nature has denied
even the most scanty and trivial gifts.
The archbishop moved towards me in a minuet step, and kindly inquired what
I wanted. I told him I was the young man about whom Signor Don Ferdinand de
Leyva had spoken to him. He did not give me a moment to go on with my story. Ah!
is it you, exclaimed he, is it you of whom so fine a character has been given me? I
take you into my service at once; you are a mine of literary utility to me. You have
only to take up your abode here. Talking thus condescendingly, he supported himself
between two ushers, and moved onwards after having given audience to some of his
clergy, who had ecclesiastical business to communicate. He was scarcely out of the
room, when the same officers who had turned upon their heel, were now cap in hand
to court my conversation. Here the rascals are, pressing round me, currying favour,
and expressing their sincere joy at seeing me become as it were an heir loom of the
archbishopric. They had heard what their master had said, and were dying with
anxiety to know on what footing I was to be about him; but I had the ill nature not to
satisfy their curiosity, in revenge for their contempt.
My lord archbishop was not long before he returned. He took me with him into
his closet for a little private conference. I could not but suppose that he meant to
fathom the depth of my understanding. I was accordingly on my guard, and prepared
to measure out my words most methodically. He questioned me first in the classics.
My answers were not amiss; he was convinced that I had more than a schoolboy's
acquaintance with the Greek and Latin writers. He examined me next in logic; nor
could I but suppose that he would examine me in logic. He found me strong enough
there. Your education, said he, with some degree of surprise, has not been neglected.
Now let us see your hand-writing. I took a blank piece of paper out of my pocket,
which I had brought for the purpose. My ghostly father was not displeased with my
performance. I am very well satisfied with the mechanical part of your qualifications,
exclaimed he, and still more so with the powers of your mind. I shall thank my
nephew, Don Ferdinand, most heartily, for having sent me so fine a lad; it is
absolutely a gift from above.
We were interrupted by some of the neighbouring gentry, who were come to
dine with the archbishop. I left them together, and withdrew to the second table,
where the whole household, with one consent, insisted on giving me the upper hand.
Dinner is a busy time at an episcopal ordinary; and yet we snatched a moment to
make our observations on each other. What a mortified propriety was painted on the
outside of the clergy? They had all the look of a deputation from a better world:
strange to think how place and circumstance impose on the deluded sense of men! It
never once came into my thoughts that all this sanctity might possibly be a false coin;
just as if there could be nothing but what appertained to the kingdom above, among
the successors of the apostles on earth.
I was seated by the side of an old valet-de-chambre, by name Melchior de la
Ronda. He took care to help me to all the nice bits. His attentions were not lost upon
me, and my good manners quite enraptured him. My worthy sir, said he, in a low
voice after dinner, I should like to have a little private talk with you. At the same time
he led the way to a part of the palace where we could not be overheard, and there
addressed me as follows: My son, from the very first instant that I saw you, I felt a
certain prepossession in your favour. Of this I will give you a certain proof, by
communicating in confidence what will be of great service to you. You are here in a
family where true believers and painted hypocrites are playing at cross purposes
against each other, It would take an antediluvian age to feel the ground under your

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feet. I will spare so long and so disgusting a study, by letting you into the characters
on both sides. After this, if you do not play your cards, it is your own fault.
I shall begin with his grace. He is a very pious prelate, employed without
ceasing in the instruction of the people, whom he brings back to virtue, like sheep
gone astray, by sermons full of excellent morality, and written by himself. He has
retired from court these twenty years, to watch over his flock with the zeal of an
affectionate pastor. He is a very learned person, and a very impressive declaimer: his
whole delight is in preaching, and his congregation take care he should know that
their whole delight is in hearing him. There may possibly be some little leaven of
vanity in all this heavenly-mindedness; but, besides that it is not for human fallibility
to search the heart, it would ill become me to rake into the faults of a person whose
bread I eat. Were it decent to lay my finger on anything unbecoming in my master, I
should discommend his starchness. Instead of exercising forbearance towards frail
churchmen, he visits every peccadillo, as if it were a heinous offence. Above all, he
prosecutes those with the utmost rigour of the spiritual court, who, wrapping
themselves up in their innocence, appeal to the canons for their justification, in bar of
his despotic authority. There is besides another awkward trait in his character,
common to him with many other people of high rank. Though he is very fond of the
people about him, he pays not the least attention to their services, but lets them sink
into years without a moment's thought about securing them any provision. If at any
time he makes them any little presents, they may thank the goodness of some one who
shall have spoken up in their behalf: he would never have his wits enough about him
to do the slightest thing for them as a volunteer.
This is just what the old valet-de-chambre told me of his master. Next, he let
me into what he thought of the clergymen with whom we had dined. His portraits
might be likenesses; but they were too hard-featured to be owned by the originals. It
must be admitted, however, that he did not represent them as honest men, but only as
very scandalous priests. Nevertheless, he made some exceptions, and was as loud in
their praises as in his censure of the others. I was no longer at any loss how to play my
part so as to put myself on an equal footing with these gentry. That very evening, at
supper, I took a leaf out of their book, and arrayed myself in the convenient vesture of
a wise and prudent outside. A clothing of humility and sanctification costs nothing.
Indeed it offers such a premium to the wearer, that we are not to wonder if this world
abounds in a description of people called hypocrites.

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CH. III. -- Gil Blas becomes the Archbishop's favourite, and the channel of all
his favours.
I HAD been after dinner to get together my baggage, and take my horse from
the inn where I had put up, and afterwards returned to supper at the archbishop's
palace, where a neatly furnished room was got ready for me, and such a bed as was
more likely to pamper than to mortify the flesh. The day following, his grace sent for
me quite as soon as I was ready to go to him. It was to give me a homily to transcribe.
He made a point of having it copied with all possible accuracy. It was done to please
him; for I omitted neither accent, nor comma, nor the minutest tittle of all he had
marked down. His satisfaction at observing this was heightened by its being
unexpected. Eternal Father! exclaimed he in a holy rapture, when he had glanced his
eye over all the folios of my copy, was ever anything seen so correct? You are too
good a transcriber not to have some little smattering of the grammarian. Now tell me
with the freedom of a friend: in writing it over, have you been struck with nothing that
grated upon your feelings? Some little careless idiom, or some word used in an
improper sense? Oh! may it please your grace, answered I with a modest air, it is not
for me, with my confined education and coarse taste, to aim at making critical
remarks. And though ever so well qualified, I am satisfied that your grace's works
would come out pure from the essay. The successor of the apostles smiled at my
answer. He made no observation on it; but it was easy to see, through all his piety,
that he was an arrant author at the bottom: there is some thing in that dye, that not
heaven itself can wash out.
I seemed to have purchased the fee-simple of his good graces by my flattery.
Day after day did I get a step further in his esteem; and Don Ferdinand, who came to
see him very often, told me my footing was so firm, that there could not be a doubt
but my fortune was made. Of this my master himself gave me a proof some little time
afterwards: and the occasion was as follows: -- One evening in his closet be rehearsed
before me, with appropriate emphasis and action, a homily which he was to deliver
the next day in the cathedral. He did not content himself with asking me what I
thought of it in the gross, but insisted on my telling him what passages struck me
most. I had the good fortune to pick out those which were nearest to his own taste, his
favourite common- places. Thus, as luck would have it, I passed in his estimation for
a man who had a quick and natural relish of the real and less obvious beauties in a
work. This, indeed, exclaimed he, is what you may call having discernment and
feeling in perfection! Well, well, my friend! it cannot be said of you,
Baeotum in crasso jurares aëre natum.
In a word, he was so highly pleased with me, as to add in a tone of
extraordinary emotion -- Never mind, Gil Blas! henceforward take no care about
hereafter; I shall make it my business to place you among the favoured children of my
bounty. You have my best wishes; and to prove to you that you have them, I shall take
you into my inmost confidence.
These words were no sooner out of his mouth, than I fell at his grace's feet,
quite overwhelmed with gratitude. I embraced his elliptical legs with almost pagan
idolatry, and considered myself as a man on the high road to a very handsome fortune.
Yes, my child, resumed the archbishop, whose speech had been cut short by the
rapidity of my prostration, I mean to make you the receiver- general of all my inmost
ruminations. Hearken attentively to what I am going to say. I have a great pleasure in
preaching. The Lord sheds a blessing on my homilies; they sink deep into the hearts
of sinners; set up a glass in which vice sees its own image, and bring back many from

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the paths of error into the high road of repentance. What a heavenly sight, when a
miser, scared at the hideous picture drawn by my eloquence of his avarice, opens his
coffers to the poor and needy, and dispenses the accumulated store with a liberal
hand! The voluptuary, too, is snatched from the pleasures of the table; ambition flies
at my command to the wholesome discipline of the monastic cell; while female
frailty, tottering on the brink of ruin, with one ear open to the siren voice of the
seducer, and the other to my saintly correctives, is restored to domestic happiness and
the approving smile of heaven, by the timely warnings of the pulpit. These miraculous
conversions, which happen almost every Sunday, ought of themselves to goad me on
in the career of saving souls. Nevertheless, to conceal no part of my weakness from
my monitor, there is another reward on which my heart is intent, a reward which the
seraphic scrupulousness of my virtue to little purpose condemns as too carnal; a
literary reputation for a sublime and elegant style. The honour of being handed down
to posterity as a perfect pulpit orator has its irresistible attractions. My compositions
are generally thought to be equally powerful and persuasive; but I could wish of all
things to steer clear of the rock on which good authors split, who are too long before
the public, and to retire from professional life with my reputation in undiminished
lustre.
To this end, my dear Gil Blas, continued the prelate, there is one thing
requisite from your zeal and friendship. Whenever it shall strike you that my pen
begins to contract, as it were, the ossification of old age, whenever you see my genius
in its climacteric, do not fail to give me a hint. There is no trusting to one's self in
such a case; pride and conceit were the original sin of man. The probe of criticism
must he intrusted to an impartial stander-by, of fine talents and unshaken probity.
Both those requisites centre in you: you are my choice, and I give myself up to your
direction. Heaven be praised, my lord, said I, there is no need to trouble yourself with
any such thoughts yet. Besides, an understanding of your grace's mould and calibre
will last out double the time of a common genius; or to speak with more certainty and
truth, it will never be the worse for wear, if you live to the age of Methusalem. I
consider you as a second Cardinal Ximenes, whose powers, superior to decay, instead
of flagging with years, seemed to derive new vigour from their approximation with
the heavenly regions. No flattery, my friend! interrupted he. I know myself to be in
danger of failing all at once. At my age one begins to be sensible of infirmities, and
those of the body communicate with the mind. I repeat it to you, Gil Blas, as soon as
you shall be of opinion that my head is not so clear as usual, give me warning of it
instantly. Do not be afraid of offending by frankness and sincerity, to put me in mind
of my own frailty will be the strongest proof of your affection for me. Besides, your
very interest is concerned in it, for if it should, by any spite of chance towards you,
come to my ears that the people say in town, "His grace's sermons produce no longer
their accustomed impression, it is time for him to abandon his pulpit to younger
candidates," I do assure you most seriously and solemnly, you will not only lose my
friendship, but the provision for life that I have promised you. Such will be the result
of your silly tampering with truth.
Here my patron left off to wait for my answer, which was an echo of his
speech, and a promise of obeying him in all things. From that moment there were no
secrets from me; I became the prime favourite. All the household, except Melchior de
la Ronda, looked at me with an eye of envy. It was curious to observe the manner in
which the whole establishment, from the highest to the lowest, thought it necessary to
demean themselves towards his grace's confidential secretary; there was no meanness
to which they would not stoop to curry favour with me; I could scarcely believe they

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were Spaniards. I left no stone unturned to be of service to them, without being taken
in by their interested assiduities. My lord archbishop, at my entreaty, took them by the
hand. He got a company for one, and fitted him out so as to make a handsome figure
in the army. Another he sent to Mexico, with a considerable appointment which he
procured him; and I obtained a good slice of his bounty for my friend Melchior. It was
evident from these facts, that if the prelate was not particularly active in good works,
at least he rarely gave a churlish refusal, when any one had the courage to importune
him for his benevolence.
But what I did for a priest seems to deserve being noticed more at large. One
day a certain licentiate, by name Lewis Garcias, a well-looking man still in the prime
of life, was presented to me by our steward, who said -- Signor Gil Blas, in this honest
ecclesiastic you behold one of my best friends. He was formerly chaplain to a
nunnery. Scandal has taken a few liberties with his chastity. Malicious stories have
been trumped up to hurt him in my lord archbishop's opinion, who has suspended him,
and unfortunately is so strongly prejudiced by his enemies, as to be deaf to any
petition in his favour. In vain have we interested the first people in Grenada to get him
re-established; our master will not hear of it.
These first people in Grenada, said I, have gone the wrong way to work. It
would have been much better if no interest at all had been made for the reverend
licentiate. People have only done him a mischief by endeavouring to serve him. I
know my lord archbishop thoroughly: entreaties and importunate recommendations do
but aggravate the ill condition of a clergyman who lies under his displeasure: it is but
a very short time ago since I heard him mutter the following sentiment to himself The
more persons a priest, who has been guilty of any misconduct, engages to speak to me
in his behalf, the more widely is the scandal of the church disseminated, and the more
severe is my treatment of the offender. That is very unlucky, replied the steward; and
my friend would be put to his last shifts if he did not write a good hand. But, happily,
he has the pen of a ready scribe, and keeps his head above water by the exercise of
that talent. I was curious to see whether this boasted hand writing was so much better
than my own. The licentiate, who had a specimen in his pocket, shewed me a sheet
which I admired very much: it had all the regularity of a writing-master's copy. In
looking over this model of penman ship, an idea occurred to me. I begged Garcia to
leave this paper in my hands, saying, that I might be able to do something with it
which should turn out to his advantage; that I could not explain myself at that
moment, but would tell him more the next day. The licentiate, to whom the steward
had evidently talked big about my capacity to serve him, withdrew in as good spirits
as if he had already been restored to his functions.
I was in earnest in my endeavour that he should be so, and lost no time in
setting to work. Happening to be alone with the archbishop, I produced the specimen.
My patron was delighted with it. Seizing on this favourable opportunity, May it please
your grace, said I, since you are determined not to put your homilies to the press, I
should very much like them at last to be transcribed in this masterly manner.
I am very well satisfied with your performance, answered the prelate, but yet I
own that it would be a pleasant thing enough to have a copy of my works in that hand.
Your grace, replied I, has only to signify your wishes. The man who copies so well is
a licentiate of my acquaintance. It will give him so much the more pleasure to gratify
you, as it may be the means of interesting your goodness to extricate him from the
melancholy situation to which he has the misfortune at present to be reduced.
The prelate could not do otherwise than inquire the name of this licentiate. I
told him it was Lewis Garcias. He is in despair at having drawn down your censure

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upon him. That Garcias, interrupted he, if I am not mistaken, was chaplain in a
convent of nuns, and has been brought into the ecclesiastical court as a delinquent. I
recollect some very heavy charges which have been sent me against him. His morals
are not the most exemplary. May it please your grace, interrupted I in my turn, it is
not for me to justify him in all points; but I know that he has enemies. He maintains
that the authors of the informations you have received are more bent on doing him an
ill office than on vindicating the purity of religion. That very possibly may be the
case, replied the archbishop; there are a great many firebrands in the world. Besides,
though we should take it for granted that his conduct has not always been above
suspicion, he may have repented of his sins; in short, the mercies of heaven are
infinite, however heinous our transgressions. Bring that licentiate before me, I take off
his suspension.
Thus it is that men of the most austere character descend from their altitudes,
when interest or a favourite whim reduces them to the level of the frail. The
archbishop granted, without a struggle, to the empty vanity of having his works well
copied, what he had refused to the most respectable applications. I carried the news
with all possible expedition to the steward, who communicated it to his friend
Garcias. That licentiate, on the following day, came to return me thanks
commensurate with the favour obtained. I presented him to my master, who contented
himself with giving him a slight reprimand, and put the homilies into his hand, to
copy them out fair. Garcias performed the task so satisfactorily, that he was reinstated
in the cure of souls, and was afterwards preferred to the living of Gabia, a large
market town in the neighbourhood of Grenada.

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CH. IV. -- The Archbishop is afflicted with a stroke of apoplexy. How Gil Blas
gets into a dilemma, and how he gets out.
WHILE I was thus rendering myself a blessing first to one and then to the
other, Don Ferdinand de Leyva was making his arrangements for leaving Grenada. I
called on that nobleman before his departure, to thank him once more for the
advantageous post he had procured me. My expressions of satisfaction were so lively,
that he said -- My dear Gil Blas, I am delighted to find you in such good humour with
my uncle the archbishop. I am absolutely in love with him, answered I. His goodness
to me has been such as I can never sufficiently acknowledge. Less than my present
happiness could never have made me amends for being at so great a distance from
Don Caesar and his son. I am persuaded, replied he, that they are both of them equally
chagrined at having lost you. But possibly you are not separated for ever; fortune may
some day bring you together again. I could not hear such an idea started without being
moved by it. My sighs would find vent; and I felt at that moment so strong an
affection for Don Alphonso, that I could willingly have turned my back on the
archbishop and all the fine prospects that were opening to me, and have gone back to
the castle of Leyva, had but a mortification taken place in the back of the scarecrow
which had frightened me away. Don Ferdinand was not insensible to the emotions that
agitated me, and felt himself so much obliged by them, that he took his leave with the
assurance of the whole family always taking an anxious interest in my fate.
Two months after this worthy gentleman had left us, in the luxuriant harvest of
my highest favour, a lowering storm came suddenly over the episcopal palace; the
archbishop had a stroke of apoplexy. By dint of immediate applications and good
nursing, in a few days there was no bodily appearance of disease remaining. But his
reverend intellects did not so easily recover from their lethargy. I could not help
observing it to myself in the very first discourse that he composed. Yet there was not
such a wide gap between the merits of the present and the former ones, as to warrant
the inference that the sun of oratory was many degrees advanced in its post-meridian
course. A second homily was worth waiting for; because that would clearly determine
the line of my conduct. Alas, and well-a-day! when that second homily came, it was a
knock-down argument. Sometimes the good prelate moved forward, and sometimes
he moved backwards; sometimes he mounted up into the garret; and sometimes
dipped down into the cellar. It was a composition of more sound than meaning,
something like a superannuated schoolmaster's theme, when he attempts to give his
boys more sense than he possesses of his own, or like a capuchin's sermon, which
only scatters a few artificial flowers of paltry rhetoric over a barren desert of doctrine.
I was not the only person whom the alteration struck. The audience at large,
when he delivered it, as if they too had been pledged to watch the advances of dotage,
said to one another in a whisper all round the church -- Here is a sermon, with
symptoms of apoplexy in every paragraph. Come, my good Coryphaeus of the public
taste in homilies, said I then to myself prepare to do your office. You see that my lord
archbishop is going very fast - - you ought to warn him of it, not only as his bosom
friend, on whose sincerity he relies, but lest some blunt fellow should anticipate you,
and bolt out the truth in an offensive manner. In that case you know the consequence;
you would be struck out of his will, where no doubt you have a more convertible
bequest than the licentiate Sédillo's library.
But as reason, like Janus, looks at things with two faces, I began to consider
the other side of the question; the hint seemed difficult to wrap up so as to make it
palatable. Authors in general are stark mad on the subject of their own works, and

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such an author might be more testy than the common herd of the irritable race: but
that suspicion seemed illiberal on my part, for it was impossible that my freedom
should he taken amiss, when it had been forced upon me by so positive an injunction.
Add to this, that I reckoned upon handling the subject skilfully, and cramming
discretion down his throat like a high-seasoned epicurean dish. After all my pro and
con, finding that I risked more by keeping silence than by breaking it, I determined to
venture on the delicate duty of speaking my mind.
Now there was but one difficulty; a difficulty indeed! how to open the
business. Luckily the orator himself extricated me from that embarrassment, by asking
what they said of him in the world at large, and whether people were tolerably well
pleased with his last discourse. I answered that there could be but one opinion about
his homilies; but that it should seem as if the last had not quite struck home to the
hearts of the audience, like those which had gone before. Do you really mean what
you say, my friend? replied he, with a sort of wriggling surprise. Then my
congregation are more in the temper of Aristarchus than of Longinus! No, may it
please your grace, rejoined I, quite the contrary. Performances of that order are above
the reach of vulgar criticism: there is not a soul but expects to be saved by their
influence. Nevertheless, since you have made it my duty to be sincere and unreserved,
I shall take the liberty of just stating that your last discourse is not written with quite
the overpowering eloquence and conclusive argument of your former ones. Does not
your grace feel just as I do on the subject?
This ignorant and stupid frankness of mine completely blanched my master's
cheek; but he forced a fretful smile, and said -- Then, good Master Gil Blas, that piece
does not exactly hit your fancy? I did not mean to say that, your grace, interrupted I,
looking very foolish. It is very far superior to what any one else could produce,
though a little below par with respect to your own works in general. I know what you
mean, replied he. You think I am going down hill, do not you? Out with it at once. It
is your opinion that it is time for me to think of retiring? I should never have had the
presumption, said I, to deliver myself with so little reserve, if it had not been your
grace's express command. I act in entire obedience to your grace's orders; and I most
obsequiously implore your grace not to take offence at my boldness. I were unfit to
live in a Christian land! interrupted he, with stammering impatience; I were unfit to
live in a Christian land if I liked you the less for such a Christian virtue as sincerity. A
man who does not love sincerity sets his face against the distinguishing mark between
a friend and a flatterer. I should have given you infinite credit for speaking what you
thought, if you had thought anything that deserved to be spoken. I have been finely
taken in by your outside shew of cleverness, without any solid foundation of sober
judgment!
Though completely unhorsed, and at the enemy's mercy, I wanted to make
terms of decent capitulation, and to go unmolested into winter quarters: but let those
who think to appease an exasperated author, and especially an author whose ear has
been long attuned to the music of his own praises, take warning by my fate. Let us
talk no more on the subject, my very young friend, said he. You are as yet scarcely in
the rudiments of good taste, and utterly incompetent to distinguish between gold and
tinsel. You are yet to lean that I never in all my life composed a finer homily than that
unfortunate one which had not the honour of your approbation. The immortal part of
me, by the blessing of heaven on me and my congregation, is less weighed down by
human infirmity than when the flesh was stronger. We all grow wiser as we grow
older, and I shall in future select the people about me with more caution; nor submit
the castigation of my works but to a much abler critic than yourself. Get about your

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business! pursued he, giving me an angry shove by the shoulders out of his closet; go
and tell my treasurer to pay you a hundred ducats, and take my priestly blessing in
addition to that sum. God speed you, good Master Gil Blas! I heartily pray that you
may do well in the world! There is nothing to stand in your way, but the want of a
little better taste.

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CH. V. -- The course which Gil Blas took after the archbishop had given him his
dismissal. His accidental meeting with the licentiate who was so deeply in his
debt, and a picture of gratitude in the person of a parson.
I MADE the best of my way out of the closet, cursing the caprice, or more
properly the dotage of the archbishop, and more in dudgeon at his absurdity, than cast
down at the loss of his good graces. For some time it was a moot point whether I
should go and lay claim to my hundred ducats; but after having weighed the matter
dispassionately, I was not such a fool as to quarrel with my bread and butter. There
was no reason why that money, fairly earned, should deprive me of my natural right to
make a joke of this ridiculous prelate; in which good deed I promised myself not to be
wanting, as often as himself or his homilies were brought upon the carpet in my
hearing.
I went therefore and asked the treasurer for a hundred ducats, without telling a
word about the literary warfare between his master and me. Afterwards I called on
Melchior de la Ronda, to take a long leave of him. He was too much my friend not to
sympathize with my misfortune. While I was telling my story vexation was strongly
imprinted on my countenance. In spite of all his respect for the archbishop, he could
not help blaming him; but, when in the fever of my resentment I threatened to be a
match for the prelate, and to entertain the whole city at his expense, the prudent
Melchior gave me a salutary caution: Take my advice, my dear Gil Blas, and rather
pocket the affront. Men of a lower sphere in life should always be cap in hand to
people of quality, whatever may be their grounds of complaint. It must be admitted,
there are some very coarse specimens of greatness, which in themselves are scarcely
deserving of the least respect or attention; but even such animals have their weapons
of annoyance, and it is best to keep out of their way.
I thanked the old valet-de-chambre for the good counsel he had given me, and
promised to be guided by it. Pleased with my deference to his opinion, he said to me:
If you go to Madrid, be sure you call upon my nephew, Joseph Navarro. He is
factotum in the family of Signor Don Balthazar de Zunigna, and I can venture to
recommend him as a lad in every respect worthy of your friendship. He is just as
nature made him, with all the vivacity of youth, courteous in his manners, and forward
to oblige; I could wish you to get acquainted with him. I answered that I would not
fail to go and see this Joseph Navarro as soon as I should get to Madrid, whither I
meant to return in due time. Then did I turn my back on the episcopal palace, never to
grace it with my presence again. If I had kept my horse, I should perhaps have set out
for Toledo immediately; but I had sold it during the period of my administration,
supposing that I was in office for life, and should not henceforward be migratory. My
final resolution was to hire a ready-furnished lodging, as I had made up my mind to
stay another month in Grenada, and then to pay the Count de Polan a visit.
As dinner-hour was drawing nigh, I asked my landlady if there was any
eating-house in the neighbourhood. She answered that there was a very good one
within a few yards of her house, where the accommodations were excellent, and the
company select and numerous. I made her shew me where it was, and went thither
sharp set. I was shewn into a large room, resembling the hall of a monastery in
everything but good cheer. There were ten or a dozen men sitting at a long table, with
a cloth spread over it that fretted in its own grease; but they, with unoffended nostrils,
were engaged in general conversation, though they dined individually, each having a
miserable scrap for his portion. The people of the house brought me my allowance,
which at another time would have turned my stomach, and have made me sigh after

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the luxuries of the table I had just lost. But at this moment I was so indignant against
the archbishop, that the homely fare of a paltry eating-house seemed more palatable
than the dainties of his sumptuous board. It was a burning shame to see such a waste
of provisions served up in soups and sauces to pamper the appetite. Arguing like a
deep examiner in the economy of the human frame, and reasoning medically as well
as philosophically, on the disproportion between the simple wants of nature and the
complexity of luxurious indulgence; cursed be they, said I, who invented those
pernicious dinners and suppers, where one must sit on the tenterhooks of self-denial,
for fear of overloading the storehouse and shop of the whole body! Man wants but
little here below; and provided he can but keep body and soul together, the less he eats
the better. Thus did I, in my surly vein, give utterance to wise saws; which, however
just in theory, had hitherto been little recommended by my practice.
While I was dispatching my commons, without any danger of a surfeit from
repletion, the licentiate Lewis Garcias, who had got the living of Gabia in the manner
above-mentioned, came into the room. The moment he recognized me, he ran into my
arms with all the cordiality of friendship, or rather with the extravagant joy of a lover
after a long exile from his mistress. He folded me repeatedly within his sincere
embrace, and I was compelled to stand the brunt of a long-winded compliment on the
unparalleled disinterestedness of my conduct towards him. Gratitude is a fine virtue;
and yet it is wearisome when carried beyond due bounds! He took his seat next me,
saying: Well! a parson must not swear; though by the mass, my dear patron, since my
good fortune has thrown me in your way, we will not part without a jovial glass. But
as there is no good wine in this shabby inn, I will take you, if you please, after our
make-shift dinner, to a place where I will treat you with a couple of bottles, rich,
genuine, and old, in comparison of which the Falernian of Horace was all a farce. The
church will give us absolution, in the cause of gratitude! If I could but get you for a
few days down at my parsonage of Gabia! Maecenas was never more welcome to the
poet's Sabine farm, than the author of all my ease and comfort to the choicest produce
of a glebe which is mine only by your benevolence.
While he was holding this high-flown language, his little slice of dinner was
set before him. He fell to without the fear of indigestion before his eyes, still
heightening the luxury of the repast at intervals, by fine speeches addressed to me in
the most fulsome style of flattery. I took the opportunity, when his mouth was filled
with something more substantial, to edge in a word or two amidst the torrent; and as
he had not forgotten to ask after his friend the steward, I made no bones about
acknowledging that I was no longer a hanger-on of the church. I even went so far as to
particularize the most trivial circumstances attending my resignation, to all of which
he listened with an attentive ear. After all his fine professions, who would not have
expected to see him moved even to tears with the throes of resentful gratitude, to hear
him thunder bulls and interdicts against the superannuated archbishop? The devil a
bit! he did neither the one thing nor the other. But his countenance fell, and his whole
air was that of an absent man; the rest of his dinner was bolted down without the
garnish of intermediate talk about Maecenas; as soon as he had done, he hurried from
table without minding grace or gratitude, wished me good day with a cold and distant
air, and got off as fast as possible. The unfeeling scoundrel, perceiving that I was no
longer in a situation for him to pump anything out of me, would not even take the
trouble to draw a decent veil over his dirty principles. But such a blackguard could
excite no other sensation than contempt and laughter. Looking at him with derision,
the fittest chastisement for fellows like these, I called after him loud enough to be
heard by the whole room: Stop there, you nun's priest! Go and put those two bottles in

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ice against Maecenas comes to the Sabine farm! Be sure they are rich, genuine, and
old; or they will be a farce to Falernian.

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CH. VI. -- Gil Blas goes to the play at Grenada. His surprise at seeing one of the
actresses, and what happened thereupon.
No sooner had Garcias rid the room of his presence, than two gentlemen came
in, extremely well dressed, and took their seats close by me. They began talking about
the players of the Grenada company, and about a new piece which just then had a
great run. According to their account, it was quite the town talk. Nothing would do for
me, but to go and see it that very day. I had never been at the play since my residence
at Grenada. As I had lived nearly the whole time in the archbishop's palace, where all
such profane shews were condemned as uncanonical, I had been cut off from every
recreation of that sort. All my knowledge of men and manners was drawn from
homilies!
I repaired therefore to the theatre at the appointed hour, and found a very full
house. All around me, discussions were going on about the piece before the curtain
drew up; and there was not a soul in the numerous assembly but had some remark to
make upon it. One liked it, another could not bear it. Do not you think the dialogue is
particularly happy? said a candid critic on my right. Was there ever such miserable
stuff! cried a snarling critic on my left. In good truth, if bad authors abound, it must be
admitted that the public are at variance about what is good and what is bad: but the
bad judges have a right to be pleased for their money; and as they far outnumber the
good ones, their favourite writers can never want employment. When one only
considers through what an ordeal dramatic poets have to pass, it is a matter of wonder
that any should be found hardy enough at once to contend against the ignorance of the
multitude, and the random shot of those self-created guides in matters of taste, who
always pretend to lead the blindness of the public judgment, and too frequently push it
into the mire of absurdity.
At length the buffoon of the piece came forward by way of prologue. As soon
as his grotesque countenance was visible, there was a general clapping of hands; a
sure indication of his being one of those spoiled actors, who are allowed to take any
liberties with the pit, and to be applauded through thick and thin, in fact, this player
neither opened his lips, nor moved a muscle, without exciting the most extravagant
raptures. He would have performed better, had he been less conscious what a
favourite he was. But he presumed on that circumstance most abominably. I observed
that he sometimes forgot what was set down for him, and took the licence of adding to
his part out of his own free fancy; a common cause of complaint against low
comedians, which, though it make the unskilful laugh, cannot but make the judicious
grieve. Would the audience but receive such mirth with hisses, instead of crying
bravo, they might restrain the absurd practice, and purge the stage from barbarism.
Some of the other performers were greeted with the usual tokens on their
entrance, and particularly an actress who played the chambermaid. There was
something about her which more than usually attracted my attention; and language
must sink under the labour of expressing my astonishment at tracing the features of
Laura, that fair, that chaste, that inexpressible she, whom I supposed to be still at
Madrid, warbling in one key, with hands, sides, voice, and mind incorporate with
Arsenia. But there could be no doubt of her identity. The kick in her gallop, the leer in
her eye, and the tripping pertness of her tongue, all conspired in evidence that there
could be no mistake. Yet, as if I had refused belief to the affidavit of my own eyes and
ears, I asked her name of a gentleman who was sitting beside me. What the deuce!
Why, where do you come from? said he. You must unquestionably be a new
importation, not to have seen or heard of the divine Estella.

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The likeness was too perfect for me to be mistaken. It was easy to comprehend
why Laura, changing her sphere of action, changed her name also; wherefore from
curiosity to know how matters stood with her, since the public always pry into the
most private concerns of theatrical persons, I inquired of the same man whether this
Estella had any particular affair of gallantry on her hands. He informed me that for the
last two months there had been a great Portuguese nobleman at Grenada, his name
was the Marquis de Marialva, who had laid out a great deal of money upon her. He
might have told me more, if I had not been afraid of becoming troublesome with my
questions. I was better employed in musing on the information this good gentleman
had given me, than in attending to the play; and if any one had asked me what it was
all about, when the piece was over, I should have been puzzled for an answer. I could
do nothing but decline Laura and Estella through all cases and numbers; till at length I
boldly made up my mind to call at her house the next day. Not but there was some
risk as to the reception she might give me: it might be suspected, without excess of
modesty, that my appearance would give her no great pleasure in the high tide of her
affairs; nor was it at all improbable that so good an actress, to revenge herself on a
man, with whom certainly she had an account to settle, might look strange, and swear
she had never seen his face before. Yet did none of these apprehensions deter me from
my venture. After a light supper, for all the meals at my eating- house were regulated
on principles of economy and temperance, I withdrew to my chamber with an anxious
longing for the next day.
My sleep was short and interrupted; so that I got up by daybreak. But as it was
to be recollected that a mistress in high keep was not likely to be visible early in the
morning, I passed three or four hours in dressing, shaving, powdering, and perfuming.
It was my business to present myself before her in a trim, not to put her to the blush at
acknowledging my acquaintance. I sallied forth about ten o'clock, and knocked at her
door, after having inquired her address at the theatre. She was living on the first floor
of a large and elegant house. I told a chambermaid who opened the door to me, that a
young man wanted to speak with her lady. The chambermaid went in to give my
message, when all at once I heard her mistress call out, not in the best-tempered tone
in the world, Who is the young man? What does he want? Shew him up stairs.
This was a hint to me that my time was ill chosen; that probably her
Portuguese lover was at her toilette, and that she spoke so loud, with the laudable
design of convincing him that she was not a sort of girl to allow of any impertinent
intruders. This conjecture of mine turned out to be the fact; the Marquis de Marialva
lounged away almost every morning with her: I had made up my mind to be kicked
down-stairs by way of welcome; but that admirable actress, never forgetting her cue,
ran forward with open arms at the sight of me, exclaiming: Ah! my dear brother, is it
you that I behold? On the strength of so near a kindred, she was no niggard of her
embraces; but recollected her self so far as to say, turning round to the Portuguese,
My lord, you must excuse me if nature will put in her claim, and trench upon good
breeding. After three years of absence, I cannot see a brother once again, whom I love
so tenderly, without expressing my feelings in all their warmth. Come! my dear Gil
Blas, continued she, addressing me afresh, tell me some news of the family: in what
circumstances did you leave it?
This whimsical scene disconcerted me at first; but I was not long in seeing
through Laura's intention; and playing up to her with a spirit scarcely less than her
own, answered according to the plot: Heaven be praised, sister, all our good folks are
in perfect health, and well in the world. I make no doubt, resumed she, but you must
be very much surprised to find me an actress in Grenada; but hear me first and blame

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me afterwards. It is three years, as you may recollect, since my father thought to have
established me advantageously in marriage with Don Antonio Coello, an officer in the
service, who took me from the Asturias to Madrid, his native place. Six months after
our arrival, he got into an affair of honour in consequence of his violent temper. Some
attentions incautiously paid to me were the cause of the affray, and his antagonist was
killed. This gentle man was of a family high in rank and interest. My husband, who
though well born, had very few connections, made his escape into Catalonia with
every thing he could get together in jewels and ready money. He embarked at
Barcelona, went over into Italy, enlisted in the Venetian service, and finally lost his
life in the Morea, fighting against the Turks. In the mean time, a landed estate which
constituted our whole revenue was confiscated, and I was left a widow with very little
for my support. What was to be done in so pressing an emergency? There was nothing
left to pay my travelling expenses back into the Asturias. And then what should I have
done there? I should have got nothing from my family but a long string of
condolences, which would have furnished me neither with food nor with raiment. On
the other hand, I had been too well brought up to fall into those courses, into which
too many poor young women are betrayed for the sake of a scandalous subsistence.
There was but one thing remaining for me to determine on. I turned actress to
preserve my morals.
So tingling a sense of ridicule came over me, when Laura wound up her
romance with this pious motive for turning actress, that I could scarcely refrain from
relieving myself by a fit of laughter. But gravity was of too much consequence to be
dispensed with; and I said to her with an air the counterpart of her own -- My dear
sister, I entirely approve of your conduct, and am heartily glad to meet with you at
Grenada, and moreover settled on so respectable a footing.
The Marquis de Marialva, who had not lost a word of all these fine speeches,
swallowed down blindfold whatever Don Antonio's widow thought fit to drench his
credulity with. He took part in the conversation too, and asked me whether I had any
fixed employment in Grenada or elsewhere, I paused for a moment to consider
whether and after what manner I should lie; but as there seemed no need in this case
to draw on my invention, I told the truth by way of variety. In a plain matter of fact
manner did I rehearse my introduction to the archbishop's palace, and my discharge
therefrom, to the infinite amusement of his Portuguese lordship. To be sure, in telling
the truth, I did not keep my word, for I could not help launching out a little at the
archbishop's expense, in spite of my solemn promise given to Melchior. But the best
of the joke was, that Laura, taking my story for a fiction invented after her example,
burst out into peals of laughter: whereas the whimsicality of the circumstance would
have raised a soberer mirth, had she known it to have been alloyed with the base
ingredient of veracity.
After having come to the end of my tale, which closed with just mentioning
the lodging I had taken, dinner was announced. I instantly motioned to with draw, as
if intending to take that frugal meal at home; but Laura would not hear of it. Do you
mean to affront me, brother! said she. You must dine here. Indeed, I cannot think of
your staying any longer at a paltry inn. You must positively board and lodge in my
house. Send your trunks hither this very evening; there is a spare bed for you.
His Portuguese lordship, possibly not altogether relishing this excess of
hospitality even to a brother, then interfered between us, and said to Laura -- No,
Estella, you have not sufficient accommodation to give him a bed without
inconvenience. Your brother seems to be a clever young fellow; and the circumstance
of his being so nearly related to you, gives him a strong claim on my kindness. He

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shall be put at once upon my establishment. I am in want of a secretary, and shall

delight in giving him the appointment: he shall be my right-hand man. Let him be sure
to come and sleep at my house this very night; I will order a room to be got ready for
him. I will fix his regular salary at four hundred ducats; and if on better acquaintance I
have reason as I trust I shall, to be satisfied with him, I will place him in a situation to
laugh at the consequences of having been a little too plain-spoken with his patron the
archbishop.
My acknowledgments to the marquis for this high honour were followed by
those of Laura, who far exceeded me in powers of panegyric. Let us drop the subject,
interrupted he; it is a settled point Settled as it was, he confirmed the contract on the
lips of his green-room Dulcinea, and went his way. She immediately pulled me by the
arm into a closet, where, secure from interruption, she cried out, Cut my laces! I shall
burst if I do not give way at once to the fit of laughter that is coming over me. And so
she probably would; for she threw herself into an arm-chair, and holding both her
sides, shouted out her convulsive peal of mirth like a mad woman. It was impossible
for me to refrain from following her example. When we had exhausted our risible
propensities, Own, Gil Blas, said she, that we have just been acting a very humorous
farce. But I did not look for the concluding scene. My only thought was to secure you
board and lodging under my own roof; and there was no other possibility of making
the proposition in a modest way but by passing you off for my brother. But I am
heartily glad that the chapter of accidents has opened with so good a berth for you.
The Marquis de Marialva is a noble man of liberal and honourable sentiments, who
will be better than his word in what he does for you. But confess now! There is
scarcely a woman in existence except myself would have given so coming-on a
reception to a fellow who shirks his friends without saying with your leave or by your
leave. I however am one of those simple-hearted girls, who are glad to receive back
again the base man they have once loved, though he should have offended and
repented seven, or even seven thousand times.
The best way for me was to acknowledge the extreme ill-breeding of which I
had been guilty, to blush and beg pardon once for all. After this explanation, she led
the way to a very handsome dining-room. We placed ourselves at table, where having
a chambermaid and a footboy for eye-witnesses, we kept within the bounds of brother
and sister. When we had done dinner, we went back again into the same closet where
we had been conversing before. Having our time to ourselves, my paragon of a Laura,
giving herself up to her natural love of merriment, and to her no less natural curiosity,
required from me a faithful and true narrative of all my pros and cons, my ins and
outs, since that unmannerly separation of ours. I gave her a full and particular
account: nothing extenuating on my own behalf, nor setting down aught in malice on
the other side. When I had quenched her thirst after a story, she slaked mine, by
communicating the particulars of her eventful life to the following effect.

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CH. VII. -- Laura's Story.

I SHALL just run over to you, as briefly as possible, the circumstances which
led me to embrace the theatrical profession.
After you took French leave, so much to your credit, great events happened.
My mistress Arsenia, more surfeited with a glut of pleasures than scandalized at their
immorality, renounced the stage, and took me with her to a fine estate which she had
just purchased in the neighbourhood of Zenora with the wages of her sinful life. We
soon got acquainted in the town. Our visits there were very frequent; and sometimes
for a day or two together. With the exception of these little excursions, we were as
closely domesticated as probationers in a nunnery, and almost as piously employed.
On one of our high days and holidays, Don Felix Moldonado, the corregidor's
only son, saw me by chance, and took a liking to me. He soon found an opportunity of
speaking with me in private; and, as it is in vain to affect modesty before one who
knows me so well, there was some little contrivance of my own to bring the interview
about. The young gentleman was not twenty years of age; the very picture of Venus's
sweetheart, or Venus's sweetheart the very picture of him; with a form for a sculptor
to work from; with an address so elegant, and with sentiments so generous, as to
throw even his personal graces into the background. There was such a winning way
with him, so pressing an earnestness to prevail, when he took a large diamond from
his own finger, and slid it upon mine, that it would have been quite brutal not to have
let it stay there. It was really something like sentiment that I began to entertain
towards a swain of so interesting a character. But what an absurd thing it is for
wenches of a certain sort to hook themselves upon young men of family, when their
surly fathers hold official situations! The corregidor, who had scarcely his equal in the
whole tribe of corregidors, got wind of our correspondence, and determined to close it
in a summary manner. He sent a host of alguazils to take me into custody, who
dragged me away, in spite of my cries and tears, to the house of correction for female
penitents.
There, without bill of indictment or form of trial, the lady abbess ordered me
to be stripped of my ring and my clothes, and to be dressed in the habit of the
institution; a long gown of grey serge tied about the middle with a strap of black
leather, whence depended a rosary with large beads swinging down to my heels. After
this pleasant reception, they took me into a hall, where there was an old monk, the
deuce knows of what order, who set to work preaching up repentance and resignation,
pretty much in the same strain as Dame Leonarda, when she exhorted you to patience
in the subterraneous cavern. He told me that I was excessively obliged indeed to those
good people who had so kindly shut me up, and could never thank them sufficiently
for their good deed, in rescuing me from the harpy talons of the world, the flesh, and
the devil. But I must frankly own that all my other sins were pressed down and heaped
high with ingratitude: far from overflowing with the milk of human kindness towards
those who had conferred such a favour upon me, I abused them in terms that would
have put any dictionary to the blush.
Eight days thus passed in this wilderness of desolation; but on the ninth, for I
had notched the hours and even the minutes on a stick, my fate seemed be ginning to
take another turn. Crossing a little court, I met the house steward, a personage whose
will was absolute; yes, the lady abbess herself was obedient to his will. He rendered
an account of his stewardship to none but the corregidor, on whom alone he was
dependent, and whose confidence in him was unbounded. His name was Pedro
Zendono, and the town of Salsedon in Biscay laid claim to the honour of his birth.

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Figure to yourself a tall man, with the complexion of a mummy and the bare anatomy
of a dealer in mortification; he might have sat for the penitent thief in a picture of the
crucifixion. He scarcely ever cast a carnal glance towards us Magdalens. You never
saw such a face of rank hypocrisy in all your life, though you have spent some part of
it under the same roof with the archbishop, and are not unacquainted with the clergy
of his diocese.
But to return from this digression; . . . . I met this Signor Zendono, who said to
me slily as he passed -- Take comfort, my girl, I am sensibly affected with your
wretched case. He said no more, and went on his way, leaving me to make my own
comments on so concise and general a text As he looked like a good man, and there
was no positive evidence to set against his looks, I was simpleton enough to fancy that
he had taken the trouble of inquiring why I was shut up; and meant, not finding me so
atrocious a culprit as to deserve such shameful insults, to take my part with the
corregidor. But I was not up to the tricks of the Biscayan, he had a much longer head.
He was turning over in his mind the scheme of an elopement, and made the proposal
to me in profound privacy some days afterwards. My dear Laura, said he, your
sufferings have taken such deep possession of my mind, that I have determined to end
them. I am perfectly aware that my own ruin is involved in the measure, but needs
must when the tender passion drives. To-morrow morning do I intend to take you out
of prison, and conduct you in person to Madrid. No sacrifice is too great for the
pleasure of being your deliverer.
I was very near fainting with surprise and joy at this promise of Zendono,
who, concluding from my acknowledgments that my very life depended on my
rescue, had the effrontery to carry me off next day in the face of the whole town, by
the following device: -- He told the lady abbess that he had orders to take me before
the corregidor, who was at his country box a few miles off; and without betraying
himself by a single change of countenance, packed me off, with him for my
companion, in a post-chaise drawn by two good mules which he had bought for the
occasion. Our only attendant was the driver, a servant of his own, and entirely devoted
to the steward by stronger ties than those of gratitude. We began bowling away, not in
the direction of Madrid, as I had taken for granted, but towards the frontiers of
Portugal, whither we got in less time than it took the corregidor of Zamora to receive
the deposition of our flight, and uncouple his pack or set them barking at our heels.
Before we entered Braganza, the Biscayan made me put on man's clothes, with
which he had taken the precaution of providing himself. Reckoning on me as being
fairly launched in the same boat with him, he said to me in the inn where we put up,
Lovely Laura, do not take it unkindly of me to have brought you into Portugal. The
corregidor of Zamora will make our own country too hot to hold us, for in his eyes we
are two criminals, under the weight of whose enormities it is not for Spain to groan.
But we may set his malice at defiance in this distant realm, though at the present
conjuncture under the dominion of the Spanish monarchy. At least we shall stand a
better chance for safety here than at home. League your fortunes with those of a man
who would follow you in prosperity or in adversity through the world. Let us fix our
residence at Coimbra. There I will get employed as a spy for the inquisition; under the
cover of that formidable tribunal, a refreshing shade for us, but Cimmerian darkness
to its victims, our days will glide smoothly on in ease and pleasure, we shall fatten on
the spoil of religious delinquency.
A proposal so much to the point gave me to understand that I had to do with a
knight, who had other motives for officiating as the guardian of distressed damsels,
besides the honour of chivalry. I saw at once that he reckoned much on my gratitude,

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and still more on my distress. Nevertheless, though these two pleas were almost
equally eloquent in his favour, I rejected his addresses with disdain. The reason was,
that there were two advocates still more eloquent on the side of a refusal; a certainty
that he was disagreeable, and a strong suspicion that he was poor. But when he
returned to the charge, and offered to say the grace of matrimony before he fell to,
proving to me at the same time, by the undeniable evidence of cash in hand, that his
stewardship had enabled him to live in clover for a long time to come, the truth must
come out in spite of blushes; my heart was softened, and my ears unstopped. I was
dazzled by the gold and jewels which he laid out in burning row before me, and
became a living monument in my own person, that miraculous transformations are
effected by the power of pelf, as well as by the wand of love. My Biscayan became,
by little and little, quite another sort of man in my eyes. His tall body and bare bones
were plumped up into a shapely and commanding figure; his cadaverous complexion
was improved into a manly brown: even that look, as if butter would not melt in his
mouth, was no longer hypocrisy, but a staid and decent aspect. Having made these
discoveries, I accepted his hand without any material abhorrence, and he plighted the
usual vows in all due form. After this, like a good wife, I kept the spirit of
contradiction as much as possible under the hatches. We resumed our journey, and
Coimbra soon received a new family within its walls
My husband stocked my wardrobe as became my sex and station, making me a
present of several diamonds, among which I fixed my eye on that of Don Felix
Moldonado. There were no further documents wanting to give a shrewd guess whence
came all the precious stones I had seen, and to be morally certain that I had not
married a troublesomely nice observer of the eighth article in the decalogue. Yet,
considering myself as the main-spring of all his little deviations from the strict law of
propriety, it was not for me to judge harshly on that point A woman can always find a
palliation for the misdeeds which are set in motion by the power of her own beauty.
But for that, he certainly would have ranked no higher than one of the wicked in my
estimation.
I had no great reason to complain of him for two or three months. His
attentions were always polite and kind, amounting apparently to a sincere and tender
affection. But no such thing! These proofs of wedded love, this worshipping with the
body, and endowing with the worldly goods, were all but a copy of his countenance;
for the cheating fellow meant, as men serve a cucumber, to throw me away on the first
opportunity. One morning, at my return from mass, I found nothing at home but the
bare walls; the moveables, not excepting my own apparel, every stick and every
thread, had been carried off. Zendono and his faithful servant had taken their
measures so adroitly, that in less than an hour the house had been completely gutted;
so that with nothing but the gown upon my back, and Don Felix's ring, as good luck
would have it, on my finger, here stood I, like another Ariadne, abandoned by the
ungrateful rifler of my effects as well as of my charms. But you may take my word for
it, I did not beguile the sense of my misfortunes in tragedy, elegy, scene individable,
or poem unlimited. I rather fell upon my knees, and blessed my guardian angel, for
having delivered me from a rascal who must sooner or later fall into the hands of
justice. The time we had passed together I considered in the light of a dead loss, and
my spirits were all on the alert to make up for it. If I had been inclined to stay in
Portugal, as a hanger-on to some woman of fashion, I should have found no difficulty
in suiting myself; but whether it was patriotism, or some astrological conjunction,
preparing a better fortune for me under the influence of the planets, my whole heart
was bent on getting back into Spain. I applied to a jeweller, who valued my diamond

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and gave me cash for it, and then took my departure with an old Spanish lady who
was going to Seville in a post-chaise.
This lady, whose name was Dorothea, had been to see a relation settled at
Coimbra, and was on her return to Seville, where she lived. There was such a
sympathy between us, as made us fast friends on the very first day of our
acquaintance; and the attachment grew so close while we travelled together, that the
lady insisted, at our journey's end, on my making her house my home. I had no reason
to repent having formed such a connection. Never was there a woman of a more
charming character. One might still conclude from the turn of her countenance, and
from the spirit not yet quenched in her eyes, that in her youth the catgut of many a
guitar must have been fretted under her window. As a proof of this, she had many
trials what a state of widowhood was; her husbands had all been of noble birth, and
her finances were flourishing on the accumulation of her several jointures.
Among other admirable qualities, she had that of not visiting severely the
frailties of her own sex. When I let her into the secret of mine, she entered so warmly
into my interests, as to speak of Zendono with more sincerity than good manners.
What graceless fellows these men are! said she in a tone from which one might infer
that she had met with some light-fingered steward in the passing of her accounts.
They would not be worth picking off a dunghill, if one could do without them! There
is a large fraternity of sorry scoundrels in the world, who make it their sport to gain
the hearts of women, and then desert them. There is, however, one consoling
circumstance, my dear child. According to your account, you are by no means bound
fast to that faithless Biscayan. If your marriage with him was sufficiently formal to
save your credit with the world, on the other hand, it was contracted loosely enough to
admit of your trying your luck at a better match, whenever an opportunity may fall in
your way.
I went out every day with Dorothea, either to church, or to visit among her
friends; both likely occasions of picking up an adventure; so that I attracted the notice
of several gentlemen. There were some of them who had a mind to feel how the land
lay. They made their proposals to my venerable protectress; but these had not
wherewithal to defray the expenses of an establishment, and those were mere
unfledged boys under age; an insuperable objection, which left me very little merit in
turning a deaf ear to them. One day a whim seized Dorothea and me, to go and see a
play at Seville. The bills announced a favourite and standard piece: El Embaxador de
Si-mismo, written by Lope de Vega.
Among the actresses who came upon the stage, I discovered one of my old
cronies. It was impossible to have forgotten Phenicia, that bouncing good humoured
girl whom you have seen as Florimonde's waiting-maid, and have supped with more
than once at Arsenia's. I was aware that Phenicia had left Madrid above two years
ago, but had never heard of her turning actress. I longed so earnestly to embrace her,
that the piece appeared quite tedious. Perhaps, too, there might be some fault in those
who played it, as being neither good enough nor bad enough to afford me
entertainment. For as to my own temper, which is that of seeking diversion wherever I
can find it, I must confess that an actor supremely ridiculous answers my purpose just
as well as the most finished performer of the age.
At last, the moment I had been waiting for being arrived, namely the dropping
of the curtain on this favourite and standard piece, we went, for my widow would go
with me, behind the scenes, where we caught a glimpse of Phenicia, who was playing
off the amiable and unaffected simpleton, and listening with all the primness of
studied simplicity to the soft chirping of a young stagefinch, who had evidently

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suffered himself to be caught in the birdlime of her professional or meretricious

talents. No sooner did her eye meet mine, than she quitted him with a genteel apology,
ran up to me with open arms, and lavished upon me all the demonstrations of strong
attachment imaginable. Our expressions of joy at this unexpected meeting were
indeed reciprocal; but neither time nor place admitting of any very copious indulgence
in the privilege of asking questions, we adjourned till the following day, with a
promise of renewing our mutual inquiries thick and threefold, under the shelter of her
friendly roof.
The pleasure of talking is the inextinguishable passion of woman, coeval with
the act of breathing. I could not get a wink of sleep all night, for the burning desire of
having a grapple with Phenicia, and closing in upon her in the conflict of curiosity.
Witness all the powers who preside over tattling, whether the love of lying in bed,
another passion of woman, prevented me from getting up and flying to my
appointment as early as good manners would allow. She lived with the rest of the
company in a large ready-furnished lodging. A female attendant who met me at
entrance, on being requested to shew me Phenicia's apartment, led the way up-stairs to
a gallery, along which were ranged ten or twelve small rooms, divided only by
partitions of deal boards, and inhabited by this merry band. My conductress knocked
at a door which Phenicia opened; for her tongue was cruelly on the fidget to be let
loose, as well as my own. We allowed ourselves no time for the impertinent
ceremonies which usually usher in a visit, but plunged at once into a most furious
career of loquacity. It seemed as if we should have a tight bout together. There were
so many interrogatories to be bandied backwards and forwards, that question and
answer rebounded like tennis-balls, only with tenfold velocity.
After having related our adventures each to other, and inquired into the actual
condition of affairs, Phenicia asked me how I meant to provide for myself. My reply
was, that I purposed, while waiting for something better, to get a situation with some
young lady of quality. For shame, exclaimed my other self, you shall not think of such
a thing. Is it possible, my darling, that you should not yet be disgusted with menial
service? Are you not heartily sick of knocking under to the good or ill pleasure of
others, of being cap-in-hand to all their caprices, and after all to be entertained with
that unchangeable tune called a scolding, in a word, to be a downright slave? Why do
not you follow my example, and turn your thoughts towards the stage? Nothing can be
better suited to people of parts, when they happen not to be equally favoured in the
articles of wealth and birth. It is a sphere of life which holds a middle rank between
the nobility and mere tradespeople; a profession exempted from all troublesome
restraint, and raised far above the common prejudices of humble and decent Society.
The public are our bankers, and we draw upon them at sight. We live in a continual
round of ecstacy, and spend our money to the full as fast as we earn it.
The theatre (for she went on at a great rate) is favourable above all to women.
When I lived with Florimonde, it is a misery to think of it, I was reduced to take up
with the supernumeraries of the prince's company; not a single man of fashion paid
the least attention to my figure. How came that about? Because they never got a
glimpse of it The finest picture in the world may escape the admiration of the
connoisseurs, if it is not placed in a proper light. But since I have been suitably
framed and varnished, which could only happen in consequence of a theatrical finish,
what a revolution! The finest young fellows of all the towns we pass through are
shuffling at my heels. An actress therefore has all her little comforts about her,
without deviating from the line of her duty. If she is discreet, by which we mean that
she should not admit more than one lover into her good graces at a time, her

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exemplary conduct is cried up as without a parallel. She is called a very Niobe for her
coldness; and when she changes her favourite, she is reprimanded as slightly by the
world, as a lawful widow who marries a few weeks too soon after the death of her
first husband. If, however, the widow should look for luck in odd numbers, and take
to herself a third, the contempt of all mankind is poured down on her devoted head;
she is considered as a monster of indelicacy; whereas we happier women are so much
the more in vogue, as we add to the list of our favourites. After having been served up
to a hundred different lovers, some battered nobleman finds us a dainty dish for
himself.
Do you mean that by way of news? interrupted I as she uttered the last
sentiment. Do you imagine me to be ignorant of these advantages? I have often
conned them over in my mind, and they are but too alluring to a girl of my character.
The attractions of the stage would be irresistible, were inclination all. But some little
talent is indispensable; and I have not a spark. I have sometimes attempted to rehearse
passages from plays before Arsenia. She was never satisfied with my performance;
and that disgusted me with the profession. You are easily put out of conceit with
yourself, replied Phenicia. Do not you know that these great actresses are very apt to
be jealous? With all their vanity, they are afraid lest some newer face should put them
out of countenance. In short, I would not be guided by Arsenia on that subject; she did
not give her real opinion. In my judgment, and without meaning to flatter you, the
theatre is your natural element. You have admirable powers, free and graceful action,
a fine-toned voice, volubility of declamation, and such a turn of countenance! Ah! you
little rogue! you will bring all the young fellows behind the scenes, if once you take to
the boards!
She plied me with many flattering compliments besides; and made me recite
some lines, only by way of enabling me to form my own judgment as to my theatrical
genius. Now that she was my censor, it seemed quite another thing. She praised me up
to the skies, and held all the actresses in Madrid as mere makeweights in the scale.
After such a testimony, it would have been inexcusable to hesitate about my own
merit. Arsenia stood attainted, nay, convicted of jealousy and treachery. There could
be no question about my being everything that was delightful. Two players happened
to drop in by accident, and Phenicia prevailed on me to repeat the lines I had already
spouted; they fell into a sort of enthusiastic trance, whence they were roused only to
launch out fervently in admiration of me. Literally, had they all three been flattering
me up for a wager, they could not have adopted a more extravagant scale of
panegyric. My modesty was not proof against such praise from those who were
themselves praised. I began to think myself really worthy of something; and now was
my whole heart and soul turned towards a theatrical life.
Since this is the case, said I to Phenicia, the affair is determined. I will follow
your advice and engage in your company, if they will accept me. My friend,
transported with joy at this proposal, clasped me in her arms; and her two companions
seemed no less delighted than herself at finding me in that humour. It was settled that
I should attend the theatre on the following day in the morning, and exhibit before the
collected body the same sample of my talent as I had just displayed. If I had bought
golden opinions from Phenicia and her friends, the actors in general were still more
complimentary in their judgment, after I had recited but twenty lines before them.
They gave me an engagement with the utmost willingness. Then there was nothing
thought of but my first appearance. To make it as striking as possible, I laid out all the
money remaining from the sale of my ring; and though my funds would not allow of

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being splendid in my dress, I discovered the art of substituting taste for glitter, and
converting my poverty into a new grace.
At length I came out. What clapping of hands! what general admiration! It
would be speaking faintly, my friend, to tell you downright that the spectators were all
in an ecstacy. You must have heard with your own ears what a noise I made at Seville,
to believe it. The whole talk of the town was about me, and the house was crowded
for three weeks successively; so that this novelty restored the theatre to its popularity,
when it was evidently beginning to decline. Thus did I come upon the stage, and step
into public favour at once. But to come upon the stage with such distinction, is
generally a prelude to coming upon the town; or at least to putting one's self up at
auction to the best bidder. Twenty sparks of all ages, from seventeen to seventy, were
on the list of candidates, and would have worn me in my newest gloss. Had I followed
my own inclination, I should have chosen the youngest, and the most of a lady's man;
but in our profession, interest and ambition must bear the sway, till we have feathered
our nest; that is as invariable a rule as any in the prompt book. On this principle, Don
Ambrosio de Nisana, a man in whom age and ugliness had done their worst, but rich,
generous, and one of the most powerful noblemen in Andalusia, had the refusal of the
bargain. It is true that he paid handsomely for it. He took a fine house for me,
furnished in the extreme of magnificence, allowed me a man cook of the first
eminence, two footmen, a lady's maid, and a thousand ducats a month for my personal
expenses. Add to all this a rich wardrobe, and an elegant assortment of jewels.
What a revolution in my affairs! My poor brain was completely turned. I could
not believe myself to be the same person. No wonder if girls soon forget the meanness
and misery whence some man of quality has rescued them in a fit of caprice. My
confession shall be without reserve: public applause, flattering speeches buzzed about
on every side, and Don Ambrosio's passion kindled such a flame of self-conceit as
kept me in a continual ferment of extravagance. I considered my talents as a patent of
nobility. I put on the woman of fashion; and becoming as chary as I had hitherto been
lavish of my amorous challengers, determined to look no lower than dukes, counts, or
marquises.
My lord of Nisana brought some of his friends to sup with me every evening It
was my care to invite the best companions among our actresses, and we wore away a
good part of the night in laughing and drinking. I fell in very kindly with so delicious
a life; but it lasted only six months. Men of rank are apt to be whimsical; but for that
fault, they would be too heavenly. Don Ambrosio deserted me for a young coquette
from Grenada, who had just brought a pretty person to the Seville market, and knew
how to set off her wares to the best advantage. But I did not fret after him more than
four-and twenty hours, His place was supplied by a young fellow of two-and-twenty,
Don Lewis d' Alcacer, with whom few Spaniards could vie in point of face and figure.
You will ask me, doubtless, and it is natural to do so, why I selected so green a
sprig of nobility for my paramour, when my own experience so strongly dissuaded
from such a choice. But, besides that Don Lewis had neither father nor mother, and
was already in possession of his fortune, you are to know that there is no danger of
disagreeable consequences attaching to any but girls in a servile condition of life, or
those unfortunate loose fish who are game for every sportsman. Ladies of our
profession are privileged persons; we let off our charms like a rocket, and are not
answerable for the damage where they fall; so much the worse for those families
whose heirs we set in a blaze.
As for Alcacer and myself, we were so strongly attached to one another, that I
verily believe, love never yet did such execution as when he took aim at us two. Our

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passion was of such a violent nature, that we seemed to be under the influence of
some spell. Those who knew how well we were together, thought us the happiest pair
in the world; but we, who knew best, found ourselves the most miserable. Though
Don Lewis had as fine an outside as ever fell to the lot of man, he was at the same
time so jealous, that there was no living for vexation at his unfounded surmises. It was
of no use, knowing his weakness and humouring it, to lay an embargo on my looks, if
ever a male creature peeped into harbour; his suspicious temper, seldom at a loss for
some crime to impute, rendered my armed neutrality of no avail. Our most tender
moments had always a spice of wrangling. There was no standing the brunt of it;
patience could hold out no longer on either side, and we quarrelled more peaceably
than we had loved. Could you believe that the last day of our being together was the
happiest? both equally wearied out by the perpetual recurrence of unpleasant
circumstances, we gave a loose to our transports when we embraced for the last time.
We were like two wretched captives, breathing the fresh air of liberty after all the
horrors of our prison- house.
Since that adventure, I have worn a breastplate against the little archer. No
more amorous nonsense for me, at least to a troublesome excess! It is quite out of our
line, to sigh and complain like Arcadian shepherdesses. Those should never give way
to a passion in private, who hold it up to ridicule before the public.
While these events were passing in my domestic establishment, Fame had not
hung her trumpet breathless on the willows; she spread it about universally that I was
an inimitable actress. That celestial tattler, though bankrupt times out of number, still
contrives to revive her credit; the comedians of Grenada therefore wrote to offer me
an engagement in their company; and by way of evidence that the proposal was not to
be scorned, they sent me a statement of their daily receipts and disbursements, with
their terms, which seemed to be advantageous. That being the case, I closed, though
grieved in my heart to part with Phenicia and Dorothea, whom I loved as well as
woman is capable of loving woman. I left the first laudably employed in melting the
plate of a little haggling goldsmith, whose vanity so far got the better of his avarice
that he must needs have a theatrical heroine for his mistress. I forgot to tell you that
on my translation to the stage, from mere whim, I changed the name of Laura to that
of Estella; and it was under the latter name that I took this engagement at Grenada.
My first appearance was no less successful here than at Seville; and I soon felt
myself wafted along by the sighs of my admirers. But resolving not to favour any
except on honourable terms, I kept a guard of modesty in my intercourse with them,
which threw dust in their eyes. Nevertheless, not to be the dupe of virtues which pay
very indifferently, and were not exactly at home in their new mansion, I was
balancing whether or not to take up with a young fellow of mean extraction, who had
a place under government, and assumed the style of a gentleman in virtue of his
office, with a good table and handsome equipage, when I saw the Marquis de
Marialva for the first time. This Portuguese nobleman, travelling over Spain from
mere curiosity, stopped at Grenada as he passed through it. He came to the play. I did
not perform that evening. His examination of the actresses was very particular, and he
found one to his liking. Their acquaintance commenced on the very next day; and the
definitive treaty was very nearly concluded when I appeared upon the stage. What
with some personal graces, and no little affectation in setting them off, the weather-
cock veered about all on a sudden; my Portuguese was mine and mine only till death
do us part. Yet, since the truth must be told, I knew perfectly that my sister of the sock
and buskin had entrapped this nobleman, and spared no pains to chouse her out of her
prize; to my success you are yourself a witness. She bears me no small grudge on that

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account; but the thing could not be avoided. She ought to reflect that it is the way of
all female flesh; that the dearest friends play off the same trick upon one another, and
put a good face upon it into the bargain.

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CH. VIII. -- The reception of Gil Blas among the players at Grenada; and
another old acquaintance picked up in the green- room.
JUST as Laura was finishing her story, there came in an old actress who lived
in her neighbourhood, and was come to take her to the theatre as she passed by. This
venerable tutelary of the stage was admirably fitted to play some superannuated
strumpet among the heathen goddesses in a pantomime. My sister was not remiss in
introducing her brother to that stale old harridan, whereupon a profusion of
compliments were bandied about on both sides.
I left them together, telling the steward's relict that I would join her again at
the playhouse, as soon as I had sent my baggage to the Marquis de Marialva's, to
whose residence she directed me. First I went to the room I had hired, whence, after
having settled with my landlady, I repaired with a porter who carried my luggage to a
large ready-furnished house, where my new master was quartered. At the door I met
his steward, who asked me if I was not the lady Estella's brother. I answered in the
affirmative. Then you are welcome, Signor cavalier, replied he. The Marquis de
Marialva, whose steward I have the honour to be, has commissioned me to receive
you properly. There is a room got ready for you; I will shew you the way to it, if you
please, that you may be quite at home. He took me up to the top of the house, and
thrust me into so small a room, that a very narrow bed, a chest of drawers, and two
chairs completely filled it. This was my apartment. You will not have much spare
room, said my conductor, but as a set- off, I promise you that you shall be superbly
lodged at Lisbon. I locked up my portmanteau in the wardrobe and put the key in my
pocket, asking at the same time what was the hour of supper. The answer was, that his
lordship seldom supped at home, but allowed each servant a monthly sum for board
wages. I put several other questions, and learnt that the Marquis's people were a happy
set of idle fellows. After a conversation short and sweet, I left the steward to go and
look for Laura, reflecting much to my own satisfaction on the happy omens I drew
from the opening of my new situation.
As soon as I got to the playhouse door, and mentioned my name as Estella's
brother, there was free admission at once. You might have observed the forwardness
of the guards to make way for me, just as if I had been one of the most considerable
noblemen in Grenada. All the supernumeraries, door-keepers, and receivers of checks
whom I encountered in my progress, made me their very best bows. But what I should
like best to give the reader an idea of, is the serious reception which the merry
vagrants gave me in the green-room, where I found the whole dramatis persona ready
dressed, and on the point of drawing up the curtain. The actors and actresses, to whom
Laura introduced me, fell upon me without mercy. The men were quite troublesome
with their greetings; and the women, not to be outdone, laid their plastered faces
alongside of mine, till they covered it with a villanous compound of red and white. No
one choosing to be the last in making me welcome, they all paid their compliments in
a breath. AEolus himself, answering from all the points of the compass at once, would
not have been a match for them: but my sister was; for the loan of her tongue was
always at the service of a friend, and she brought me completely out of debt.
But I did not get clear off with the squeezes of the principal performers. The
civilities of the scene-painters, the band, the prompter, the candle-snuffer, and the
call-boy were to be endured with patience; all the understrappers in the theatre came
to see me run the gauntlet. One would have supposed one's self in a foundling
hospital, and that they had none of them ever known what sort of animals brothers and
sisters were.

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In the mean time the play began. Some gentlemen who were behind the
scenes, then ran to get seats in the front of the house; for my part, feeling myself quite
at home, I continued in conversation with those of the actors who were waiting to go
on. Among the number there was one whom they called Melchior. The name struck
me. I looked hard at the person who answered to it, and thought I had seen him
somewhere. At last I recollected that it was Melchior Zapata, a poor strolling player,
who has been described in the first volume of this true history, as soaking his crusts in
the pure element.
I immediately took him aside, and said: I am much mistaken if you are not that
Signor Melchior with whom I had the honour of breakfasting one day by the margin
of a clear fountain, between Valladolid and Segovia. I was with a journeyman barber.
We had some provisions with us which we clubbed with yours, and all three partook
of a little rural feast, to which wit and anecdote gave additional relish. Zapata
bethought him for a minute or two, and then answered: You tell me of a circumstance
which often since came across my mind. I had then just been trying my fortune at
Madrid, and was returning to Zamora. I recollect perfectly that my affairs were a little
out at elbows. I recollect it too, replied I, by the token of a doublet which you wore,
lined with play-bills. Neither have I forgotten that you complained of having a wife
cursed with incorruptible chastity. Oh! that misfortune has found its remedy long ago,
said Zapata, shaking his ears. By all the powers of womanhood, the jade has
effectually reformed that virtue, and given me a warmer lining to my doublet.
I was going to congratulate him on his wife's having shewn so much sense,
when he was obliged to leave me and go on the stage. Being curious to know what
sort of an animal his wife was, I went up to an actor and desired him to point her out.
He did so, saying at the same time: There she is, it is Narcissa; the prettiest of all our
women except your sister. I concluded that this must be the actress in whose favour
the Marquis de Marialva had declared before meeting with his Estella; and my
conjecture was but too correct. After the play I attended Laura home, where I saw
several cooks preparing a handsome entertainment. You may sup here, said she. I will
do no such thing, answered I; the marquis perhaps will like to be alone with you. Not
at all, replied she; he is coming with two of his own friends and one of our gentlemen;
you will just make the sixth, You know that in our free and easy way there is no
impropriety in secretaries sitting down at table with their masters. Very true, said I:
but it is rather too soon to assume the privilege of a favourite. I must first get
employed in some confidential commission, and then lay in my claim to that
honourable distinction. Judging it to be so best, I went out of Laura's house, and got
back to my inn, whither I reckoned on repairing every day, since my master had no
regular establishment.

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CH. IX. -- An extraordinary companion at supper; and an account of their

conversation.
I REMARKED in the coffee-room a sort of an old monk, habited in coarse
grey cloth, at supper quite alone in a corner. I went and sat opposite to him out of
curiosity; we exchanged a civil bow, and he shewed himself to be quite as well bred
as I was, notwithstanding my lay education. My commons were brought me, and I fell
to with a very catholic appetite. While I was eating, my tongue was mute, but my eyes
glanced by snatches towards this singular character, and always caught his at the same
employment. Liking better to stare than be stared at, I addressed my speech to him
thus: Pray, father, have we ever by any chance met anywhere but here? You peer at
me as if you scarcely knew whether I was an acquaintance or a stranger. He answered
gravely: If I look at you with fixed attention, it is only to admire the prodigious
variety of adventures which are chronicled in the features of your face. It should
seem, said I in a joking tone, as if your reverence was something of a physiognomist.
Far more deeply imbued in science than a mere physiognomist, answered the monk, I
found prophecies on my observations which have never been belied by the event. My
skill in palmistry is no less, and I will set my oracles against the surest of antiquity,
after comparing the inspection of the hand with that of the face.
Though this old man had all the appearance of profound wisdom, his talk was
so like that of a madman, that I could not help laughing at him out-right. So far from
being offended at my want of manners, he smiled at it, and went on to the following
effect, after running his eye round the coffee-room, to be assured that there were no
listeners: I am not surprised at finding you so prejudiced against two sciences which
pass at this time of day for mere frivolity; the long and painful study they require
disheartens the learned, who turn their backs upon them, and then swear that they are
fables out of disgust at having missed their attainment. For my part, I am not to be
frightened by the darkness which envelopes them, any more than by the difficulties
which are perpetual stumbling-blocks in the pursuit of chemical discoveries, and in
the marvellous art of transmuting baser metals into gold.
But I do flatter myself, pursued he, looking steadfastly at me, that I am
addressing a young gentleman of good sense, to whom my systems will not appear
altogether in the light of idle dreams. A sample of my skill will dispose you better
than the most subtle arguments to pass a favourable judgment on my pretensions.
After talking in this manner he drew from his pocket a phial full of a lively-looking
red liquor, on which he expatiated thus: Here is an elixir which I have distilled this
morning from the juices of certain plants; for I have employed almost my whole life,
like Democritus, in finding out the properties of simples and minerals. You shall make
trial of its virtue. The wine we are drinking with our supper is very bad; henceforth it
will become excellent. At the same time he put two drops of his elixir into my bottle,
which made my wine more delicious than the choicest vintages of Spain.
The marvellous strikes the imagination; and when once that faculty is enlisted,
judgment is turned adrift. Delighted with so glorious a secret, and persuaded that he
must have out-devilled the devil before he could have got at it, I cried out in a
paroxysm of admiration: O reverend father! prythee forgive your servant if he took
you at first for an old blockhead. I now abjure my error. There is no need to look
further to be assured that it depends only on your own will to turn an iron bar into a
wedge of gold in the twinkling of an eye. How happy should I be were I master of that
admirable science! Heaven preserve you from ever acquiring it, interrupted the old
man with a deep sigh. You know not, my son, what a fatal possession you covet.

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Instead of envying, rather pity me, for having taken such infinite pains to be made
unhappy. I am always disturbed in mind. I fear a discovery; and then perpetual
imprisonment would be the reward of all my labours. In this apprehension, I lead a
vagabond life, sometimes disguised as a priest or monk, sometimes as a gentle man or
a peasant. Where is the benefit of knowing how to manufacture gold on such terms?
Are not the goods of this world downright misery to those who cannot enjoy them in
tranquillity?
What you say appears to me very sensible, said I to the philosopher. There is
nothing like living at one's ease. You have rid me of all hankering after the
philosopher's stone. I will rest satisfied with learning from you my future destiny.
With all my heart, my good lad, answered he. I have already made my remarks upon
your features; now let me see your hand. I gave it him with a confidence which will
do my penetration but little credit in the esteem of some readers. He examined it very
attentively, and then pronounced, as in a rapture of inspiration: Ah! what transitions
from pain to pleasure, and from pleasure to pain! What a whimsical alternation of
good and evil chances! But you have already experienced the largest share of your
allotted reverses. You have but few more tides of misfortune to stem, and then a great
lord will contrive for you an eligible fate, which shall not be subject to change.
After having assured me that I might depend on his prediction, he bade me
farewell and went out of the inn, leaving me in deep meditation on the things I had
just heard. There could be no doubt of the Marquis de Marialva being the great lord in
question; and consequently nothing appeared more within the verge of possibility than
the accomplishment of the oracle. But though there had not been the slightest
likelihood, that would have been no hindrance to giving the impostor monk
unbounded credit, since his elixir had transmuted my sour incredulity into the most
tractable digestion of his falsehoods. That nothing might be wanting on my side to
play into the hands of my foreboded luck, I determined to attach myself more closely
to the marquis than I had ever done to any of my masters. Having taken this
resolution, I went home in unusually high spirits; never did foolish woman descend in
better humour from the garret of another foolish woman who had told her fortune.

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CH. X. -- The Marquis de Marialva gives a commission to Gil Blas. That faithful
secretary acquits himself of it as shall be related.
THE marquis was not yet returned from his theatrical party, and I found his
upper servants playing at cards in his apartment while they were waiting for his
arrival. I got to be sociable with them; and we amused ourselves with jocular
conversation till two o'clock in the morning, when our master arrived. He was a little
surprised at seeing me, and said with an air of kindness which made me conclude that
he came home very well satisfied with his evening: How is this, Gil Blas? Are you not
gone to bed yet? I answered that I wished to know first whether he had any commands
for me. Probably, replied he, I may have a commission to give you to-morrow
morning; but it will be time enough then to acquaint you with my wishes. Go to your
own room; and henceforward remember that I dispense with your attendance at bed-
time; my other servants are sufficient for that occasion.
After this hint, which was much to my satisfaction in the main, since it spared
me a slavery which I should have felt very unpleasantly at times, I left the marquis in
his apartment, and withdrew to my garret. I went to bed. Not being able to sleep, it
seemed good to follow the counsel of Pythagoras, and to examine all the actions of
the day by the test of reason; to reprimand severely what had been done amiss, and if
anything had been done well, to rejoice in it.
On looking into the day-book of my conscience, the balance was not
sufficiently in my favour to keep me in good humour with myself. I felt remorse at
having lent myself to Laura's imposition. It was in vain to urge, in self defence, that I
could not, with any decency, give the lie to a girl who had no object in view but to do
me a pleasure, and that I was in some sort under the necessity of becoming an
accomplice in the fraud. This was a paltry excuse in the darkness of the night, for I
pleaded against myself that at all events the matter should be pushed no further, and
that it was the summit of impudence to remain upon the establishment of a nobleman
whose confidence I so ill repaid. In short, after a severe trial, it was agreed in my own
breast, that I was very little short of an arrant knave.
But to have done with the morality of the act, and pass on to the probable
issue, it was evidently playing a desperate game, to cozen a man of consequence who
might be enabled, as an instrument for the visitation of my sins perhaps, to detect the
imposture in its very infancy. A reflection at once so prudent and so virtuous acted as
a refrigerator on my spirits; but visions of pleasure and of interest soon raised them
again above the freezing point. Besides, the prophecy of the man with the elixir would
have been enough to put me in heart once more. I therefore gave myself up to the
indulgence of the most agreeable fancies. All the rules of arithmetic from simple
addition to compound interest were set in array, to cast up what sum my salary would
amount to at the end of ten years' service. Then there was a large allowance for
presents and gratuities from my master, whose liberal disposition according admirably
with my liberal desires, my imagination grew quite fantastical, and extended the
landmarks of my fortune over innumerable acres of unsubstantial territory. Sleep
overtook me in the calculation, and raised a magnificent aerial mansion on the estate
where a new race of grandees was to originate.
I got up the next morning about eight o'clock to go and receive my patron's
orders; but as I was opening my door to go out, what was my surprise at meeting him
in his wrapping-gown and night- cap. He was quite alone. Gil Blas, said he, on parting
with your sister last night, I promised to pass this morning with her; but an affair of
consequence will not admit of my keeping my word. Go and assure her from me that I

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am deeply mortified at the disappointment, but that I shall certainly sup with her to-
night. That is not all, added he, putting a purse into my hands and a little shagreen
case set round with diamonds; carry her my portrait, and keep this purse of fifty
pistoles, which I give you as a mark of my early-conceived friendship. I took the
picture in one hand, and in the other the purse to which I was so little entitled. I put
my best leg foremost in my way to Laura, muttering to myself in the transports of
excessive joy: Good! the prophecy is accomplished in the twinkling of an eye. What a
windfall to be the brother of a girl so full of beauty and attraction! It is a pity the
credit attached to the relationship is not commensurate with the lucre and the comfort.
Laura, unlike most women in her profession, had a habit of early rising. I
caught her at her toilette, where, while waiting for her illustrious foreigner, she was
engrafting on her natural beauty all the adventitious charms which the cosmetic art
could supply. Lovely Estella, said I, on accosting her, thou absolute lodestone of the
tramontanes, I may now sit down at table with my master, since he has honoured me
with a commission which gives me that prerogative, and which I am just come to
fulfil. He cannot have the pleasure of waiting on you this morning, as he had
purposed; but to make you amends for the disappointment, he will sup here this
evening, and sends you his picture; which to all appearance is enclosed in something
more valuable than itself.
I put the box into her hand at once; and the lively sparkling of the brilliants
which encompassed it made her eyes sparkle and her mouth water. She opened it out
of mere curiosity, looked carelessly at the painting as people perform a duty for which
they have little relish, then shut it, and once more fell greedily on the jewellery. Their
beauty made her eloquent; and she said to me with the smile of a satirist -- These are
copies which those mercenary things called actresses value much more highly than
originals.
I next acquainted her that the generous Portuguese, when giving me charge of
the portrait, recommended it to my care by a purse of fifty pistoles. I beg you will
accept of my congratulations, said she; this nobleman begins where it is even
uncommon for others to leave off. It is to you, my divine creature, answered I, that
this present is owing; the marquis only made it on the score of natural affection. I
could be well pleased, replied she, that he were to make you a score such presents
every day. I cannot express in what extravagance you are dear to me. From the first
moment of our meeting, I became attached to you by so strong a tie, as time has not
been able to dissolve. When I lost you at Madrid, I did not despair of finding you
again; and yesterday, on your sudden appearance, I received you like a deodand. In a
word, my friend, heaven has created us for one another. You shall be my husband, but
we must get plenty of money in the first instance. I shall just lend myself out to three
or four silly fellows more, and then you may live like a gentleman on your means.
I thanked her in the most appropriate terms for such an instance of extreme
condescension on my behalf, and we got insensibly into a conversation which lasted
till noon. At that hour I withdrew, to go and give my master an account of the manner
in which his present was received. Though Laura had given me no instructions
thereupon, I was not remiss in composing a fine compliment on my way, with which I
meant to launch out on her pan; but it was just so much flash in the pan. For, when I
got home the marquis was gone out; and the fates had decreed that I should never see
him more, for reasons which will be methodically stated in the succeeding chapter.

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CH. XI. -- A thunderbolt to Gil Blas.

I REPAIRED to my inn, where meeting with two men of companionable
talents, I dined and sat at table with them till the play began. We parted; they as their
business and desire pointed them; and, for my own part, my bent was towards the
theatre. It may be proper to observe by the way, that I had all possible reason to be in
a good humour. The conversation with my chance companions had been joyous in the
extreme; the colour of my fortune was gay and animating; yet for all that I could not
help giving way to melancholy, without either knowing why, or being able to reason
myself out of it. It was doubtless a prophetic warning of the misfortune which
threatened me.
As I entered the green-room, Melchior Zapata came up, and told me in a low
voice to follow him. He led me to an unfrequented part of the house, and opened his
business thus -- Worthy sir, I make it a point of conscience to give you a very serious
warning. You are aware that the Marquis de Marialva had at first taken a fancy to
Narcissa, my wife; he had even gone so far as to fix a day for trying the relish of my
rib, when that cockatrice Estella contrived to flyblow the bill of fare, and transfer the
banquet to her own untainted charms. Judge then, whether an actress can be gulled
instead of gulling, and preserve the sweetness of her temper. My wife has taken it
deeply to heart, and there is no species of revenge to which she would not have
recourse. A fine opportunity has offered. Yesterday, if you recollect, all our
supernumeraries were crowding together to see you. The deputy candle-snuffer told
some of the inferior comedians that he recollected you perfectly well, and that you
might be anything but Estella's brother.
This report, added Melchior, came to Narcissa's ears to-day: she lost no time
in questioning the author; and that grub of the interior stood to the whole story. He
says that he knew you as Arsenia's servant, when Estella waited on her at Madrid
under the name of Laura. My wife, full of glee at this discovery, means to acquaint the
Marquis de Marialva with it, when he comes to the play this evening; so take your
measures accordingly. If you are not Estella's brother in good earnest, I would advise
you as a friend, and on the score of old acquaintance, to make your escape while your
skin is whole. Narcissa, satisfied in her tender mercy with only one victim, and that of
her own sex, has allowed me to give you this notice, that you may outrun your ill
luck.
It would have been waste of words to press the subject farther. I returned
thanks for the caution to this fretter of his hour, who saw by my terrified aspect that I
was not the man to give the deputy candle-snuffer the lie. I did not feel the least
temptation to carry my dangerous valour such a length. I had not even the heart to go
and bid farewell to Laura, for fear she should insist on me keeping up the farce. I
could easily conceive that so excellent an actress might get out of the scrape with
flying colours; but there seemed to be nothing for me short of a swingeing castigation;
and I was not so far gone in love as to stand by my sweetheart at the risk of my own
person. I thought of nothing but a precipitate retreat with my household gods, or
rather goods, if such a trumpery collection of individual property might be called so. I
disappeared from the playhouse in the twinkling of an eye; and in less time than it
would have taken to confess my sins, was my portmanteau carried off and safely
lodged with a muleteer who was to set out for Toledo at three o'clock next morning. I
could have wished myself already with the Count de Polan, whose hospitable roof
seemed my only safe asylum. But I was not there yet; and it was impossible to think

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without dread of the time remaining to be passed in a town where I was afraid they
would hunt me out without giving me a night's law.
The smell of supper drew me to my inn notwithstanding; though I was as
uneasy as a debtor who knows that a writ is out against him. My stomach, I believe,
was not sufficiently well knit that evening for my supper to play its part as it should
do. The miserable sport of fear, I watched all the people who came into the coffee-
room, and whenever by chance they carried a gallows in their physiognomy, which is
no uncommon ensign in such places of resort, I shuddered with horrid forebodings.
After having supped the supper of the damned, I got up from table and returned to my
carrier's house, where I threw myself on some clean straw till it was time to set out.
My patience was well tried during that interval; for a thousand unpleasant
thoughts attacked me in all directions. If I dozed now and then, the enraged marquis
stood before me, pounding Laura's fair face to a jelly with his fist, and turning her
whole house out at window; or to come nearer home, I heard him giving directions for
my death under the operation of a cudgel. At such a vision I started out of my sleep,
and waking, which is usually so pleasant after a frightful dream, inspired me with
more horror than even the fictions of my entranced fancy.
Happily the muleteer delivered me from so dire a purgatory, by coming to
acquaint me that his mules were ready. I was immediately on my legs, and set out
radically cured, for which heaven has my best thanks, of Laura and the occult
sciences. As we got farther from Grenada, my mind recovered its tone. I began
chatting with the muleteer, laughed at his droll stories, and insensibly lost all my
apprehensions. I slept undisturbed at Ubeda, where we lay the first night, and on the
fourth day we got to Toledo. My first care was to inform myself of the Count de
Polan's residence, whither I repaired under the full persuasion that he would not suffer
me to lodge elsewhere. But I reckoned without my host. There was no one at home
but a person to take care of the house, who told me that his master was just gone to
the castle of Leyva, having been sent for on account of Seraphina's dangerous illness.
The count's absence was altogether unexpected: here was no longer any
inducement to stay at Toledo, and all my plans were changed at once. Finding myself
so near Madrid, I resolved to go thither. It came into my head that I might make my
way at court, where talents of the first order, as I had heard, were not absolutely
necessary to fill situations of the first consequence. On the very next morning I took
advantage of back carriage, to be set down in the renowned capital of Spain. Fortune
took me kindly by the hand, and introduced me to a higher cast of parts than those I
had hitherto filled.

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CH. XII. -- Gil Blas takes lodgings in a ready-furnished house. He gets

acquainted with Captain Chinchilla. That officer's character and business at
Madrid.
ON my first arrival at Madrid, I fixed my head-quarters in a lodging-house,
where resided, among other persons, an old captain, who was come from the distant
part of New Castile, to solicit a pension at court, and he thought his claims but too
well founded. His name was Don Annibal de Chinchilla. It was not without much
staring that I saw him for the first time. He was a man about sixty, of gigantic stature,
and of anatomical leanness. His whiskers were like brushwood, fencing off the two
sides of his face as high as his temples. Besides that, he was short in his reckoning by
an arm and a leg, there was a vacancy for an eye, which Polypheme would have
supplied as he did, had patches of green silk been then in the fashion; and his features
were hacked sufficiently to illustrate a treatise of geometry. With these exceptions, his
configuration was much like that of another man. As to his mental qualities, he was
not altogether without understanding; and what he wanted in quickness he made up by
gravity. His principles were rigid in the extreme; and it was his particular boast to be
delicate on the point of honour.
After two or three interviews, he distinguished me by his confidence. I soon
got into all his personal history: he related on what occasions he had left an eye at
Naples, an arm in Lombardy, and a leg in the Low Countries. The most admirable
circumstance in all his narratives of battles and sieges, was, that not a single feature of
the swaggerer peeped out; not a word escaped him to his own honour and glory;
though one could readily have forgiven him for making some little display of the half
which was still extant of himself, as a set-off against the dilapidations which had
deducted so largely from the usual contexture of a man. Officers who return from
their campaigns without a scratch upon their skin or a love-lock out of place, are not
always so humble in their pretensions.
But he told me that what gave him most uneasiness was, the having wasted a
considerable portion of his private fortune on military objects, so that he had not more
than a hundred ducats a year left; a poor establishment for such a pair of whiskers, a
gentleman's lodging, and an amanuensis to multiply memorials by wholesale. For in
point of fact, my worthy friend, added he, shrugging his shoulders, I present one, with
a blessing on my endeavours, every day, and the last meets with the same attention as
the first. You would say that it was an even bet between the prime minister and me,
which of us two shall be fired first; the memorialist or the receiver of the memorials. I
have often had the honour, too, of addressing the king on the same subject; but the
rector and his curate say grace in the same key; and in the mean time, my castle of
Chinchilla is falling to ruin for want of necessary repairs.
Faint heart never won fair lady, said I most wisely to the captain; you are
perhaps on the eve of finding all your marches and countermarches repaid with usury.
I must not flatter myself with that pleasing expectation, answered Don Annibal. It is
but three days since I spoke to one of the minister's secretaries; and if I am to trust his
representations, I have only to hold up my head and look big. What then did he say to
you? replied I. Had those poor dumb mouths your wounds no eloquence, to wring a
hireling pittance for their profuse expense of blood? You shall judge for yourself,
resumed Chinchilla. This secretary told me in good plain terms: My honest friend, you
need not boast so much of your zeal and your fidelity; you have only done your duty
in exposing yourself to danger for your country. Naked glory is the true and
honourable recompense of gallant actions, and as such is the prize at which a Spaniard

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aims. You therefore argue on false principles, if you consider the bounty you solicit as
a debt. In case it should be granted, you will owe that favour exclusively to the royal
goodness, which in its extreme condescension requites those of its subjects who have
served the state valiantly. Thus you see, pursued the captain, that if I had a hundred
lives they are all pledged, and that I am likely to go back as hungry as I came.
A brave man in distress is the most touching object in this world. I exhorted
him to stick close, and offered to write his memorials out fair for nothing. I even went
so far as to open my purse to him, and to beg it as a favour that he would draw upon
me for whatever he wanted. But he was not one of those folks who never wait to be
asked twice on such occasions. So much the reverse, that with a commendable
delicacy on the subject, he thanked me for my kindness, but refused it peremptorily.
He afterwards told me that, for fear of spunging upon any one, he had accustomed
himself, by little and little, to live with such sobriety, that the smallest quantity of
food was sufficient for his subsistence; which was but too true. His daily fare was
confined to vegetables, by dint whereof his component parts were confined to skin
and bone. That he might have no witnesses how ill he dined, he usually shut himself
up in his chamber at that meal. I prevailed so far with him, however, by repeated
entreaties, as to obtain that we should dine and sup together: then, undermining his
pride by little indirect artifices of compassion, I ordered more provision and wine than
I could consume to my own share. I pressed him to eat and drink. At first he made
difficulties about it; but in the end there was no resisting my hospitality. After a time,
his modesty becoming fainter as his diet was more flush, he helped me off with my
dinner and lightened my bottle almost without asking.
One day, after four or five glasses, when his stomach had renewed its intimacy
with a more generous system of feeding, he said to me with an air of gaiety: Upon my
word, Signor Gil Blas, you have very winning ways with you; you make me do just
whatever you please. There is something so hearty in your welcome as to relieve me
from all fear of trespassing on your generous temper. My captain seemed at that
moment so entirely to have got rid of his bashfulness, that if I had been in the humour
to have seized the lucky moment, and to have pressed my purse once more on his
acceptance, I am much mistaken if he would have refused it. I did not put him to the
trial; but rested satisfied with having made him my messmate, and taken the trouble
not only to copy out his memorials, but to assist him in their composition. By dint of
having written homilies out fair, I had learnt the knack of phraseology, and was
become a sort of author. The old officer on his side had some little vanity about
writing well. Both of us thus contending for the prize, the bursts of eloquence would
have done honour to the most celebrated professors of Salamanca. But it was in vain
that we sat on opposite sides of the table, and drained our genius to the very dregs, to
nourish the flowers of rhetoric in these memorials; you might as well have planted an
orange-grove on the sea-beach. In whatever new light we placed Don Annibal's
services, it was all the same at court, the connoisseurs were decided about their merit;
so that the battered veteran had no reason to sing the praises of that spirit which leads
officers on to spend their family estates in the service. In the virulence of his spleen he
cursed the planet under which he was born, and sent Naples, Lombardy, and the Low
Countries to the devil.
That his mortification might be pressed down and running over, it happened to
his face one day that a poet, introduced by the Duke of Alva, having recited a sonnet
before the king on the birth of an infant; was gratified with a pension of five hundred
ducats. I believe the lop-limbed captain would have gone raving mad at it, if I had not
taken some pains to recompense his spirit. What is the matter with you? said I, seeing

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him quite beside himself. There is nothing in all this which ought to go so terribly
agaiust the grain. Ever since Mount Parnassus swelled above the subject plain, have
not poets pleaded the privilege of laying princes under contribution to their muse?
There is not a crowned head in Christendom that has not substituted a pensioned
laureate for the household fool of less refined times. And between ourselves, this
species of patronage, for the most part galloping down full drive to posterity on the
saddle of Pegasus, raises a hue and cry in honour of royal munificence; but bounty to
persons who are lost in a crowd, however deserving, adds nothing to the bulk or
stature of posthumous renown. Augustus must have drained his treasury by gratuities,
and yet how few of the names on his pension-list have come down to us! But distant
ages shall be informed, as we are, in all the hyperbole of poetic diction, that his
benefits descended on Virgil like the rain from heaven, whose drops arithmetic has no
combinations to count, no principles by which to reason on their number.
But let me talk ever so classically to Don Annibal, there was a confounded
acidity in that sonnet which curdled all the milky ingredients of his moral
composition; it was impossible to chew, swallow, and digest such food with human
organs; and he was fully determined to give the matter up at once. It seemed right,
nevertheless, by way of playing for his last stake, to present one more memorial to the
Duke of Lerma, and if that failed there was an end of the game. For this purpose we
went together to the prime minister's. There we met a young man who, after saluting
the captain, said to him in a tone of affection: My old and dear master, is it your own
self that I see? What business brings you to this mart of favour? If you have occasion
for any one to speak a good word for you, do not spare my lungs; they are entirely at
your service. How is this, Pedrillo? answered the officer; to hear you talk it should
seem as if you held some important post in this house. At least, replied the young
man, I have influence enough here to put an honest rustic like you into the right train.
That being the case, resumed the captain with a smile, I place myself under your
protection. I accept the pledge, rejoined Pedrillo. You have only to acquaint me with
your particular taste, and I engage to give you a savoury slice out of the ministerial
pasty.
We had no sooner opened our minds to this young fellow, so full of kind
assurances, than he inquired where Don Annibal resided; then, promising that we
should hear from him on the following day, he vanished without informing us what he
meant to do, or even telling us whether he belonged to the Duke of Lerma's
household. I was curious to know what this Pedrillo was, whose turn of mind
appeared to be so brisk and active. He is a brave lad, said the captain, who waited on
me some years ago, but finding me out at elbows, went away in search of a better
service. There was no offence to me in all that; it is very natural to change when one
cannot be worse off. The creature is pleasant enough, not deficient in parts, and happy
in a spirit of intrigue which would wheedle with the devil. But notwithstanding all his
fine pretence, I am not sanguine in my reckoning on the zeal he has just testified for
me. Perhaps, said I, there may be some plausibility in his designs. Should he be a
retainer, for example, to any of the duke's principal officers, it will be in his power to
serve you. You have lived too long in the world not to know that in great houses
everything is done by party and cabal; that the masters are governed by two or three
upper servants about their persons, who, in their turn, are governed by that multitude
of menials attendant upon them.
On the next morning we saw Pedrillo at our breakfast table. Gentlemen, said
he, if I did not explain myself yesterday as to my means of serving Captain
Chinchilla, it was because we were not in a place where such a communication could

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be made with safety. Besides, I was disposed to ascertain whether the thing was
feasible, before you were made parties in it. Understand, then, that I am the
confidential servant of Signor Don Rodrigo de Calderona, the Duke of Lerma's first
secretary. My master, who is much addicted to women, goes almost every evening to
sup with a little Arragonian nightingale, whom he keeps in a cage near the purlieus of
the court. She is quite a young girl from Albarazin, a most lovely creature. She has
some wit as well as beauty, and sings enchantingly; they call her the Spanish Syren. I
am the bearer of some tender inquiries every morning, and am just come from her. I
have proposed to her to pass off Signor Don Annibal for her uncle, and the object of
the forgery is to engage her lover in his interests. She is very willing to lend her aid in
the business. Besides some little commission to which she looks forward on the
profits, it will tickle her vanity to be taken for the niece of a military man.
Signor de Chinchilla looked very grim at this suggestion. He declared his
extreme abhorrence of becoming a party concerned in a mere swindling trick, and still
more of adopting a female adventurer, no better than she should be, into his family,
and thus casting a stain upon its immaculate purity. It was not only for himself that he
felt all this soreness; there was a recoil of ignominy on his ancestors, which would lay
their honours level with the dust. This morbid delicacy seemed out of season to
Pedrillo, who could not help expressing his contempt of it thus. You must surely be
out of your wits to take the matter up on that footing. A fine market you bring your
morals to, you dictators from the plough, with your ridiculous squeamishness! Now
you seem a good sensible man, appealing to me as he spoke these last words. Can you
believe your ears when you hear such scruples advanced? Heaven defend us! At court,
of all the places in the world, to look at morals through a microscope! Let fortune
come under what haggard form she may, they hug her in their arms, and swear she is a
beauty.
My way of thinking was precisely with Pedrillo; and we dinned it so stoutly
into both the captain's ear; as to make him the Spanish Syren's uncle against nature
and inclination. When we had so far prevailed over his pride, we all three set about
drawing up a new memorial for the minister, which was revised, with a copious
interlacing of additions and corrections. I then wrote it out fair, and Pedrillo carried it
to the Arragonian chauntress, who that very evening put it into the hands of Signor
Don Rodrigo, telling her story so artlessly that the secretary, really supposing her the
captain s niece, promised to take up his case. A few days afterwards we reaped the
fruits of our little project. Pedrillo came back to our house with the lofty air of a
benefactor. Good news, said he to Chinchilla. The king is going to make a new grant
of officers, places, and pensions; nor will your name be forgotten in the list. But I am
specially commissioned to inquire what present you purpose making to the Spanish
Syren, for the piper must be paid. As to myself, I vow and protest that I will not take a
farthing; the pleasure of having contributed to patch up my old master's broken
fortunes, is more to me than all the ingots of the Indies. But it is not precisely so with
our nymph of Albarazin. she has a little Jewish blood to plead, when the Christian
precept of loving your neighbour as herself is preached up to her. She would pick her
own natural father's pocket; so judge you whether she would be above making a
bargain with a travelling uncle.
She has only to name her own terms, answered Don Annibal. Whatever my
pension may be, she shall have the third of it annually if she pleases; I will pledge my
word for it; and that proportion ought to satisfy her craving, if his Catholic Majesty
had settled his whole exchequer on me. I would as soon take your word as your bond,
for my own part, replied the nimble-footed messenger of Don Rodrigo; I know that it

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will stand the assay; but you have to deal with a little creature who knows herself, and
naturally supposes that she knows all the rest of the world by the same token. Besides,
she would like better to take it in the lump; two-thirds to be paid down now in ready
money. Why, how the devil does she mean that I should get the wherewithal? bawled
the captain in a quandary. Does she take me for an auditor of public accounts, or
treasurer to a charity? You cannot have made her acquainted with my circumstances.
Yes, but I have, replied Pedrillo; she knows very well that you are poorer than Job;
after what she has heard from me she could think no otherwise. But do not make
yourself uneasy, my brain is never at a loss for an expedient. I know an old scoundrel
of an usurer, who will take ten per cent, if he can get no more. You must assign your
first year's pension to him, in acknowledgment for a like valuable consideration from
him, which you will in point of fact receive, only deducting the above-mentioned
interest. As to security, the lender will take your castle at Chinchilla, for want of
better; there will be no dispute about that.
The captain declared his readiness to accept the terms, in case of his being so
fortunate as to possess any beneficial interest in the good things to be given away the
next morning. It happened accordingly. He got a government with a pension of three
hundred pistoles. As soon as the news came, he signed and sealed as required, settled
his little concerns in town, and went off again for New Castile with a balance of some
few pistoles in his favour.

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CH. XIII. -- Gil Blas comes across his dear friend Fabricio at court. Great
ecstacy on both sides. They adjourn together, and compare notes; but their
conversation is too curious to be anticipated.
I HAD contracted a habit of going to the royal palace every morning, where I
lounged away two or three good hours in seeing the good people pass to and fro; but
their aspect was less imposing there than in other places, as the lesser stars turn pale in
the presence of the sun. One day as I was walking back and fore, and strutting about
the apartments, making about as wise a figure there as my neighbours, I spied out
Fabricio, whom I had left at Valladolid in the service of a hospital director. It
surprised me not a little that he was chatting familiarly with the Duke of Medina
Sidonia and the Marquis of Santa Cruz, Those two noblemen, if my senses did not
deceive me, were listening with admiration to his prattle. To crown the whole, he was
as handsomely dressed as a grandee.
Surely I must be mistaken! thought I. Can this possibly be the son of Nunez
the barber? More likely it is some young courtier who bears a strong resemblance to
him. But my suspense was of no long duration. The party broke up, and I accosted
Fabricio. He knew me at once; took me by the hand, and after pressing through the
crowd to get out of the precincts, said with a hearty greeting, My dear Gil Blas, I am
delighted to see you again. What are you doing at Madrid? Are you still at service?
Some place about the court perhaps? How do matters stand with you? Let me into the
history of all that has happened to you since your precipitate flight from Valladolid.
You ask a great many questions in a breath, replied I; and we are not in a fit place for
story-telling. You are in the right, answered he; we shall be better at home Come, I
will shew you the way; it is not far hence I am quite my own master, with all my
comforts about me; perfectly easy as to the main chance, with a light heart and a
happy temper; because I am determined to see everything on the bright side.
I accepted the proposal, and Fabricio escorted me. We stopped at a house of
magnificent appearance, where he told me that he lived. There was a court to cross; on
one side it had a grand staircase leading to a suite of state apartments, and on the other
a small flight, dark and narrow, whither we betook ourselves to a residence elevated
in a different sense from what he had boasted. It consisted of a single room, which my
contriving friend had divided into four by deal partitions. The first served as an ante-
chamber to the second, where he lay: of the third he made his closet, of the last his
kitchen, The chamber and antechamber were papered with maps, and many a sheet of
philosophical discussion; nor was the furniture by any means unsuitable to the
hangings. There was a large brocade bed much the worse for wear; tawdry old chairs
with coarse yellow coverings, fringed with Grenada silk of the same colour, a table
with gilt feet, and a cloth over it that once aspired to be red, bordered with tinsel and
embroidery tarnished by that old corroder, time; with an ebony cabinet, ornamented
with figures in a clumsy taste of sculpture. Instead of a convenient desk, he had a
small table in his closet; and his library was made up with some few books, and a
great many bundles of paper arranged on shelves one above the other the whole length
of the wall. His kitchen, too modest to put the rest of the establishment out of
countenance, exhibited a frugal assortment of earthenware and other necessary
implements of cookery.
Fabricio, when he had allowed me leisure to philosophize on his domestic
arrangements, begged to know my opinion of his apartments and his housekeeping,
and whether I was not enchanted with them: Yes, beyond all manner of doubt,
answered I with a roguish smile. You must have applied your wits to a good purpose

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at Madrid, to have got so well accoutred. Of course you have some post. Heaven
preserve me from anything of the sort! replied he. My line of life is far above all
political situations. A man of rank, to whom this house belongs, has given me a room
in it, whence I have contrived to piece out a suite of four, fitted up in such taste as you
may see. I devote my time to no employments but what are just to my fancy, and
never feel what it is to want. Explain yourself more intelligibly, said I, interrupting
him. You set me all agog to be let into your little arrangements. Well, then! said he, I
will rid you of that devil curiosity at once. I have commenced author, have plunged
head long into the ocean of literature; verse and prose run equally glib; in short I am a
jack of all trades to the muses.
What! you bound in solemn league and covenant to Apollo? exclaimed I with
most intolerable laughter. Nothing under a prophet could ever have anticipated this. I
should have been less surprised at any other transformation. What possible delights
have you had the ingenuity to detect in the rugged landscape of Parnassus? It should
seem as if the labourers there have a very poor taking in civil life, and feed on a
coarse diet without sauce. Out upon you! cried he, in dudgeon at the hint. You are
talking of those paltry authors, whose works and even their persons are under the
thumb of booksellers and players. Is it any wonder that writers under such
circumstances should be held cheap? But the good ones, my friend, are on a better
footing in the world; and I think it may he affirmed, vanity apart, that my name is to
be found in their list. Questionless, said I, talents like yours are convertible to every
purpose; compositions from such a pen are not likely to be insipid. But I am on the
rack to know how this rage for fencing with inky weapons could have seized thee.
Your wonder and alarm has mind in it, replied Nunez. I was so well pleased
with my situation in the service of Signor Manuel Ordonnez, that I had no hankering
after any other. But my genius, like that of Plautus, being too high. minded to contract
itself within the sphere of menial occupations, I wrote a play and got it acted by a
company then performing at Valladolid. Though it was not worth the paper it was
scrawled upon, it had more success than many better pieces. Hence concluded I that
the public was a silly bird, and would hatch any eggs that were put under it. That
modest discovery, with the consequent madness of incessant composition, alienated
my affections from the hospital. The love of poetry being stronger than the desire of
accumulation, I determined on repairing to Madrid, as the centre of everything
distinguished, to form my taste in that school. The first thing was to give the governor
warning, who parted with me to his own great sorrow, from a sort of affection the
result of similar propensities. Fabricio, said he, what possible ground can you have for
discontent? None at all, sir, I replied; you are the best of all possible masters, and I am
deeply impressed with your kind treatment; but you know one must follow
whithersoever the stars ordain. I feel the sacred fire within me, on whose aspiring
element my name is to be wafted to posterity. What confounded nonsense! rejoined
the old fellow, whose ideas were all pecuniary. You are already become a fixture in
the hospital, and are made of a metal which may easily be manufactured into a
steward, or by good-luck even into a governor. You are going to give up the great
object of life, and to flutter about its frippery. So much the worse for you, honest
friend!
The governor, seeing how fruitless it was to struggle with my fixed resolve,
paid me my wages, and made me a present of fifty ducats as an acknowledgment of
my services. Thus, between this supply and what I have been able to scrape together
out of some little commissions, which were assigned to me from an opinion of my
disinterestedness, I was in circumstances to make a very pretty appearance on my

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arrival at Madrid; which I was not negligent in doing, though the literary tribe in our
country are not over-punctilious about decency or cleanliness. I soon got acquainted
with Lope de Vega, Cervantes, and the whole set of them; but though they were fine
fellows, and thought so by the public, I chose for my model in preference, Don Lewis
de Gongora, the incomparable, a young bachelor of Cordova, decidedly the first
genius that ever Spain produced. He will not suffer his works to be printed during his
lifetime; but confines himself to a private communication among his friends. What is
very remarkable, nature has gifted him with the uncommon talent of succeeding in
every department of poetry. His principal excellence is in satire; there he outshines
himself. He does not resemble, like Lucilius, a muddy stream with a slimy bottom; but
is rather like the Tagus, rolling its transparent waters over a golden sand.
You give a fine description of this bachelor, said I to Fabricio; and
questionless a character of such merit must have attracted an infinite deal of envy. The
whole gang of authors, answered he, good and bad equally, are open mouthed against
him. He deals in bombast, says one; aims at double meanings, luxuriates in metaphor
and affects transposition. His verses, says another, have all the obscurity of those
which the Salian priests used to chaunt in their processions, and which nobody was
the wiser for hearing. There are others who impute it to him as a fault, to have
exercised his genius at one time in sonnets or ballads, at another in play-writing, in
heroic stanzas, and in minor efforts of wit alternately, as if he had madly taken upon
himself to eclipse the best writers each in their own favourite walk. But all these
thrusts of jealousy are successfully parried, where the muse, which is their mark,
becomes the idol of the great and of the multitude at once.
Under so able a master did I serve my apprenticeship; and, vanity apart, the
preceptor was reflected in the disciple. So happily did I catch his spirit, that by this
time he would not be ashamed to own some of my detached pieces. After his example,
I carry my goods to market at great houses where the bidding is eager, and the
sagacity of the bidders not difficult to match. It is true that I have a very insinuating
talent at recitation; which places my compositions in no disadvantageous light. In
short, I am the dear delight of the nobility, and live in the most particular intimacy
with the Duke of Medina Sidonia, just as Horace used to live with his jolly companion
Maecenas. By such conjuration and mighty magic have I won the name of author.
You see the method lies within a narrow compass. Now, Gil Blas, it is your turn to
deliver a round unvarnished tale of your exploits.
On this hint I spake; and unlike most narrators, gave all the important
particulars, passing lightly over minute and tiresome circumstances. The action of
talking, long continued, puts one in mind of dining. His ebony cabinet, which served
for larder, pantry, and all possible uses, was ransacked for napkins, bread, a shoulder
of mutton far gone in a decline, with its last and best contents, a bottle of excellent
wine; so that we sat down to table in high spirits, as friends are wont to do after a long
separation. You observe, said he, this free and independent manner of life. I might
find a plate laid for me every day, if I chose it, in the very first houses; but, besides
that the muse often pays me a visit and detains me within doors, I have a little of
Aristippus in my nature. I can pass with equal relish from the great and busy world to
my re treat, from all the researches of luxury to the simplicity of my own frugal board.
The wine was so good, that we encroached upon a second bottle. As a relish to
our fruit and cheese, I begged to be favoured with the sight of something, the
offspring of his inspired moments. He immediately rummaged among his papers, and
read me a sonnet with much energy of tone. Yet, with all the advantage of accent and
expression, there was something so uncouth in the arrangement, as to baffle all

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conjecture about the meaning. He saw how it puzzled me. This sonnet then, said he, is
not quite level to your comprehension! Is not that the fact! I owned that I should have
preferred a construction somewhat less forced. He began laughing at my rusticity.
Well, then! replied he; we will say that this sonnet would confuse clearer heads than
thine: it is all the better for that Sonnets, odes, in short all compositions which partake
of the sublime, are of course the reverse of the simple and natural: they are enveloped
in clouds, and their darkness constitutes their grandeur. Let the poet only fancy that be
understands himself no matter whether his readers understand him or not. You are
laughing at me, my friend, said I, interrupting him. Let poetry be of what species it
may, good sense and intelligible diction are essential to its powers of pleasing. If your
peerless Gongora is not a little more lucid than yourself, I protest that his merit will
never pass current with me. Such poets may entrap their own age into applause, but
will never live beyond it. Now let me have a taste of your prose.
Nunez shewed me a preface which he meant to prefix to a dramatic miscellany
then in the press. He insisted on having my opinion. I like not your prose one atom
better than your verse, said I. Your sonnet is a roaring deluge of emptiness; and as for
your preface, it is disfigured by a phraseology stolen from languages yet in embryo,
by words not stamped in the mint of general use, by all the perplexity of a style that
does not know what to make of itself. In a word, the composition is altogether a thing
of your own. Our classical and standard books are written in a very different manner.
Poor tasteless wretch! exclaimed Fabricio. You are not aware that every prose writer
who aspires to the reputation of sentiment and delicacy in these days, affects this style
of his own, these perplexities and innovations which are a stumbling-block to you.
There are five or six of us determined reformers of our language, who have
undertaken to turn the Spanish idiom topsy-turvy; and with a blessing on our
endeavours, we will pull it down and build it up again in defiance of Lope de Vega,
Cervantes, and all the host of wits who cavil at our new modes of speech. Our party is
strongly supported in the fashionable world, and we have laid violent hands upon the
pulpit.
After all, continued he, our project is commendable; for, to speak without
prejudice, we have ten times the merit of those natural writers, who express
themselves just like the mob. I cannot conceive why so many sensible men are taken
with them. It is all very well at Athens and at Rome, in a wild and undistinguishing
democracy; and on that principle only could Socrates tell Alcibiades, that the last
appeal was to the people in all disputes about language. But at Madrid there is a polite
and a vulgar usage; so that our courtiers talk in a different tongue from their
tradesmen. You may assure yourself that it is so; in fine, this newly invented style is
carrying everything before it, and turning old nature out of doors. Now I will explain
to you by a single instance the difference between the elegance of our diction and the
flatness of theirs. They would say, for example, in plain terms, "Ballets incidental to
the piece are an ornament to a play;" but in our mode of expression, we say more
exquisitely, "Ballets incidental to the piece are the very life and soul of the play."
Now observe the phrase; life and soul. Are you sensible how glowing it is, at the same
time how descriptive, setting before you all the motions of the dancers, as on an
intellectual stage?
I broke in upon my reformer of language with a burst of laughter. Get along
with you, Fabricio, said I, you are a coxcomb of your own manufacture, with your
affected finery of phrase. And you, answered he, are a blockhead of nature's clumsy
moulding, with your starch simplicity. He then went on taunting me with the
archbishop of Grenada's angry banter on my dismission. "Get about your business! Go

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and tell my treasurer to pay you a hundred ducats, and take my blessing in addition to
that sum. God speed you, good master Gil Blas! I heartily pray that you may do well
in the world! There is no thing to stand in your way, but a little better taste." I roared
out in a still louder explosion of laughter at this lucky hit; and Fabricio, easily
appeased on the score of impiety, as manifested in the opinion expressed concerning
his writings, lost nothing of his pleasant and propitious temper. We got to the bottom
of our second bottle; and then rose from the table in fine order for an adventure. Our
first intention was to see what was to be seen upon the Prado; but passing in front of a
liquor-shop, it came into our heads that we might as well go in.
The company was in general tolerably select at this house of call. There were
two distinct apartments; and the pastime in each was of a very opposite nature. One
was devoted to games of chance or skill; the other to literary and scientific discussion:
and there were at that moment two clever men by profession handling an argument
most pertinaciously, before ten or twelve auditors deeply interested in the discussion.
There was no occasion to join the circle, because the metaphysical thunder of their
logic made itself heard at a more respectful distance: the heat and passion with which
this abstract controversy was managed made the two philosophers look little better
than madmen. A certain Eleazar used to cast out devils, by tying a ring to the nose of
the possessed; had these learned swine been ringed in the same manner, how many
little imps would have taken wing out of their nostrils? Angels and ministers of grace
defend us, said I to my companion: what contortions of gesture, what extravagance of
elocution! One might as well argue with the town crier. How little do we know our
natural calling in society! Very true indeed, answered he: you have read of Novius,
the Roman pawnbroker, whose lungs went as far beyond the rattle of chariot- wheels,
as his conscience beyond the rate of legal interest; the Novii must certainly have been
transplanted into Spain, and these fellows are lineal descendants. But the hopeless part
of the case is, that though our organs of sense are deafened, our understandings are
not invigorated at their expense. We thought it best to make our escape from these
braying metaphysicians, and by that prudent motion to avoid a headache which was
just beginning to annoy us. We went and seated ourselves in a corner of the other
room, whence, as we sipped our refreshing beverage, all comers and goers were
obnoxious to our criticism. Nunez was acquainted with almost the whole set. Heaven
and earth! exclaimed he, the clash of philosophy is as yet but in its beginning; fresh
reinforcements are coming in on both sides. Those three men just on the threshold,
mean to let slip the dogs of war. But do you see those two queer fellows going out?
That little swarthy, leather-complexioned Adonis, with long lank hair parted in the
middle with mathematical exactness, is Don Juliano de Villanuno. He is a young
barrister, with more of the prig than the lawyer about him. A party of us went to dine
with him the other day. The occupation we caught him in was singular enough. He
was amusing himself in his office with making a tall grey-hound fetch and carry the
briefs in the causes which were so unfortunate as to have him retained; and of course
the canine amicus curiae set his fangs indifferently into the flesh of plaintiff or
defendant, tearing law, equity, precedent, and principle into shreds. That licentiate at
his elbow, with jolly, pimple-spangled nose and cheeks, goes by the name of Don
Cherubino Tonto. He is a canon of Toledo, and the greatest fool that was ever suffered
to walk the earth without a keeper. And yet, he arrays his features in that sort of not
quite unmeaning smile, that you would give him credit for good sense as well as good
humour. His eye has the look of cunning if not of wisdom, and his laugh too much of
sarcasm for an absolute idiot. One would conclude that he had a turn for mischief, but
kept it down from principle and feeling. If you wish to take his opinion upon a work

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of genius, he will hear it read with so grave and wrapt a silence, as nothing but deep
thought and acute mental criticism could justify; but the truth is, that he comprehends
not one word, and therefore can have nothing to say. He was of the barrister party.
There were a thousand good things said, as there always must be in a professional
company. Don Cherubino added nothing to the mass of merriment; but looked such
perfect approbation at those who did, was so tractable and complimentary a listener,
that every man at table placed him second in the comparative estimate of merit.
Do you know, said I to Nunez, who those two fellows are with dirty clothes
and matted hair, their elbows on that table in the corner, and their cheeks upon their
hands, whiffing foul breath into each other's nostrils as they lay their heads together?
He told me that by their faces they were strangers to him; but that by physical and
moral tokens they could only be coffee-house politicians, venting their spleen against
the measures of government. But do look at that spruce spark, whistling as he paces
up and down the other room, and balancing himself alternately on one toe and on the
other. That is Don Augustino Moreto, a young poet sufficiently of nature's mint and
coinage to pass current, if flatterers and sciolists had not debased him into a mere
coxcomb by their misplaced admiration. The man to whom he is going up with that
familiar shake by the hand, is one of the set who write verses and then call themselves
poets; who claim a speaking acquaintance with the muses, but never were of their
private parties.
Authors upon authors, nothing but authors! exclaimed he, pointing out two
dashing blades. One would think they had made an appointment on purpose to pass in
review before you. Don Bernardo Deslenguado and Don Sebastian of Villa Viciosa!
The first is a vinegar-flavoured vintage of Parnassus, a satirist by trade and company;
he hates all the world, and is not liked the better for his taste. As for Don Sebastian, he
is the milk and honey of criticism; he would not have the guilt of ill-nature on his
conscience for the universe. He has just brought out a comedy without a single idea,
which has succeeded with an audience of tantamount ideas; and he has just now
published it to vindicate his innocence.
Gongora's candid pupil was running on in his career of benevolent
explanation, when one of the Duke de Medina Sidonia's household came up and said:
Signor Don Fabricio, my lord duke wishes to speak with you. You will find him at
home. Nunez, who knew that the wishes of a great lord could not be too soon
gratified, left me without ceremony; but he left me in the utmost consternation, to hear
him called Don, and thus ennobled, in spite of master Chrysostom the barber's
escutcheon, who had the honour to call him father.

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CH. XIV. -- Fabricio finds a situation for Gil Blas in the establishment of Count
Galiano, a Sicilian nobleman.
I WAS too happy in Fabricio's society, not to bunt him out again early the next
morning. Good day to you, Signor Don Fabricio, said I on my first approach; it seems
you are the picked and chosen flower, or rather, saving your presence, the nondescript
excrescence of the Asturian nobility. This sarcasm had no other effect than to set him
laughing heartily. Then the title of Don was not lost upon you! exclaimed he. No,
indeed, my noble lord, answered I; and you will give me leave to tell you that when
you were recounting your transformations to me yesterday, you forgot the most
extraordinary. Exactly so, replied he; but to speak sincerely, if I have taken up that
prefix of dignity, it is less to tickle my own vanity, than in tenderness to that of others.
You know what stuff the Spaniards are made of; an honest man is no honest man to
them, if his honour is not bolstered up with escutcheons, pedigree, and patrimony. I
may tell you, moreover, that there are so many gentry, and very queer soft of gentry
too, dubbed Don Francisco, Don Pedro, Don What-do-you-call-him, or Don Devil,
that if they owe their coats of arms to any herald but their own impudence, modern
nobility is a mere drug in the market, so that a plebeian of nature's ennobling confers
infinite honour on the upstarts of nn artificial creation, by herding with their order.
But let us change the subject, added he. Last night, supping at the Duke de
Medina Sidonia's, with among other company we had Count Galiano, a great Sicilian
nobleman, the conversation turned upon the ridiculous effects of self-love. Delighted
at having a case in point by way of illustration, I treated them with the story of the
homilies. You may well suppose that there was a hearty laugh, and that the
archbishop's dignity was not saved in the concussion; but the effect was not amiss for
you, since the company felt for your situation; and Count Galiano, after a long string
of questions, which of course I answered to your advantage, commissioned me to
introduce you. I was just now going to look after you for that purpose. In all
probability he means to offer you a situation as one of his secretaries. I advise you not
to hang back. The count is rich, and lives away at Madrid, on the scale of an
ambassador. He is said to have come to court on a negotiation with the Duke of
Lerma, respecting some crown lands which that minister thinks of alienating in Sicily.
In one word, Count Galiano, though a Sicilian, has every feature of generosity, fair
dealing, and gentlemanly conduct. You cannot do better than get upon that noble
man's establishment. In all probability, the flattering prophecy respecting you at
Grenada is to be fulfilled in his person.
It was my full determination, said I to Nunez, to take my swing about town
and look at men and manners a little, before the harness was buckled on my back
again; but you paint your Sicilian nobleman in colours which fascinate my
imagination and change my purpose. I should like to close with him at once. You will
do so very soon, replied he, or I am much deceived. We sallied forth together
immediately, and went to the count's, who resided in the house of his friend, Don
Sancho d'Avila, the latter being then in the country.
The court-yard was overrun with pages and footmen in rich and elegant
liveries, while the ante-chamber was blockaded by esquires, gentlemen, and various
officers of the household. They were all as fine as possible, but with so whimsical an
assortment of features, that you might have taken them for a cluster of monkeys
dressed up to satirize the Spanish fashions. Do what you will, there is a certain class
of men and women in nature, whom no art can trick out into anything human.

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At the very name of Don Fabricio, a lane was formed for my patron, and I
followed in the rear. The count was in his dressing-gown, sitting on a sofa and taking
his chocolate. We made our obeisance in the most respectful manner; while an
inclination of the head on his part, accompanied with a condescending smile, won my
heart at once. It is very wonderful, and yet very common, how the most trifling notice
from the great penetrates the very soul of those who are not accustomed to it! They
must have behaved like fiends, before their behaviour will be complained of.
After taking his chocolate, he recreated himself with the humours of a large
ape, which underwent the name of Cupid: why the ape was made a god, or the god
likened to an ape, the parties concerned can best answer; the only point of
resemblance seemed to be mischief. At all events, this hairy brat of the sylvan Venus
had so gambolled himself into his master's good graces, had established such a
character for wit and humour, that the life of society was extinguished in his absence.
As for Nunez and myself, though we had a better turn for drollery, we were cunning
enough to chime in with the prevailing taste. The Sicilian was highly delighted with
this, and tore himself away for a moment from his favourite pastime, just to tell me:
My friend, you have only to say whether you choose to be one of my secretaries. If
the situation suits you, the salary is two hundred pistoles a year. If Don Fabricio gives
you a character, that is enough. Yes, my lord, cried Nunez, I am not such a cowardly
fellow as Plato, who introduced one of his friends to Dionysius the tyrant, and then
was afraid to back his own recommendation. But I have no anxiety about being
reproached on that head.
I thanked the poet of the Asturias with a low bow, for having so much better
an opinion of me than Plato had of his friend. Then addressing my patron, I assured
him of my zeal and fidelity. No sooner did this good nobleman perceive his proposal
to be acceptable, then he rang for his steward, and after talking to him apart, said to
me: Gil Blas, I will explain the nature of your post hereafter. Meanwhile, you have
only to follow that right-hand man of mine; he has his orders how to bestow you. I
immediately retreated, leaving Fabricio behind with the Count and Cupid.
The steward, who came from Messina, and proved by all his actions that he
came thence, led the way to his own room, overwhelming me all the while with the
kindness of his reception. He sent the tailor who lived upon the skirts of the
household, and ordered him to make me out of hand a suit of equal magnificence with
those of the principal officers. The tailor took my measure and withdrew. As to
lodging, said the native of Messina, I know a room which will just suit you. But stay!
Have you breakfasted? I answered in the negative. Oh! poor shamefaced youth,
replied he, why did not you say so? Come this way: I will introduce you where, thank
heaven, you have only to ask and have.
So saying, he led me down into the buttery, where we found the clerk of the
kitchen, who was a Neapolitan, and of course a complete match for his neighbour on
the other side of the water. It might be said of this pair that they were formed to meet
by nature. This honest clerk of the kitchen was doing justice to his trade by cramming
himself and five or six hangers-on with ham, tongue, sausages, and other savoury
compositions, which, besides their own relish, possess the merit of engendering thirst:
we made common cause with these jolly fellows, and helped them to toss off some of
my lord the count's best wines. While these things were going on in the buttery,
kindred exploits were performing in the kitchen. The cook too was regaling three or
four tradesmen of his acquaintance, who liked good wine as well as ourselves, nor
disdained to stuff their craws with meat pasties and game: the very scullions were at
free quarters, and filched whatever they pleased. I fancied myself in a house given up

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to plunder; and yet what I saw was comparatively fair and honest. These little
festivities were laughing matters; but the private transactions of the family were very
serious.

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 GIL BLAS

CH. XV. -- The employment of Gil Blas in Don Galiano's household.

I WENT away to fetch my moveables to my new residence. On my return the
count was at table with several noblemen and the poet Nunez, who called about him
as if perfectly at home, and took a principal share in the conversation. Indeed, he
never opened his lips without applause. So much for wit! with that commodity at
market, a man may pay his way in any company.
It was my lot to dine with the gentlemen of the household, who were served
nearly as well as their employer. After meal-time I withdrew to ruminate on my lot.
So far so good, Gil Blas! said I to myself: here you are in the family of a Sicilian
count, of whose character you know nothing. To judge by appearances, you will be as
much in your element as a duck upon the water. But do not make too sure! you ought
to look askew at your horoscope, whose unkindly position you have too often
experienced with a vengeance. Independent of that, it is not easy to conjecture what
he means you to do. There are secretaries and a steward already: where can your post
be? In all likelihood you are intended to manage his little private affairs. Well and
good! There is no better luck about the house of a great nobleman, if you would travel
post haste to make your fortune. In the performance of more honourable services, a
man gets on only step by step, and even at that pace often sticks by the way.
While these philosophical reflections were revolving in my mind, a servant
came to tell me that all the company was gone home, and that my lord the count was
inquiring for me. I flew immediately to his apartment, where I found him lolling on
the sofa, ready to take his afternoon's nap, with his monkey by his side.
Come nearer, Gil Blas, said he; take a chair, and hear me attentively. I placed
myself in an attitude of profound listening, when he addressed me as follows. Don
Fabricio has informed me that, among other good qualities, you have that of sincere
attachment to your masters, and incorruptible integrity. These are my inducements for
proposing to take you into my service. I stand in need of a friend in a domestic, to
espouse my interests and apply his whole heart and soul to the reform of my
establishment. My fortune is large, it must be confessed, but my expenditure far
exceeds my income every year. And how happens that? Because they rob, ransack,
and devour me. I might as well be in a forest infested by banditti, as an inhabitant of
my own house. I suspect the clerk of the kitchen and my steward of playing into one
another's hands; and unless my thoughts are unjust as well as uncharitable, they are
pushing forward as fast as they can to ruin me beyond redemption. You will ask me
what I have to do but send them packing, if I think them scoundrels. But then where
are others to be got of a better breed? It will be sufficient to place them under the eye
of a man who shall be invested with the right of control over their conduct; and you
have I chosen to execute this commission. If you discharge it well, be assured that
your services will not be repaid with ingratitude. I shall take care to provide you with
a very comfortable settlement in Sicily.
With this he dismissed me; and that very evening, in the presence of the whole
household, I was proclaimed principal manager and surveyor-general of the family.
Our gentlemen of Messina and Naples expressed no particular chagrin at first, because
they considered me as a spark of mettle like their own, and took it for granted, that
though the loaf was to be shared with a third, there would always be cut and come
again for the triumvirate. But they looked inexpressibly foolish the next day, when I
declared myself in serious terms a decided enemy to all peculation and underhand
dealing. From the clerk of the kitchen I required the buttery accounts without varnish
or concealment. I went down into the cellar. The furniture of the butler's pantry

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underwent a strict examination, particularly in the articles of plate and linen. Next I
read them a serious lecture on the duty of acting for their employer as they would for
themselves; exhorted them to adopt a system of economy in their expenditure; and
wound up my harangue with a protestation, that his lordship should be acquainted
with the very first instance of any unfair tricks that I should discover in the exercise of
my office.
But I had not yet got to the length of my tether. There was still wanting a scout
to ascertain whether they had any private understanding. I fixed upon a scullion, who,
won over by my promises, told me that I could not have applied to a better person to
be informed of all that was passing in the family; that the clerk of the kitchen and the
steward were one as good as the other, and agreed to burn the candle at both ends; that
half the provisions bought for the table were made perquisites by these gentlemen;
that the Neapolitan kept a lady who lives opposite St. Thomas's college, and his
colleague, not to be outdone, provided another next door to the Sungate; that these
two nymphs had their larder regularly supplied every morning, while the cook,
following a good example, sent a few little nice things to a widow of his acquaintance
in the neighbourhood: but as he winked at the table arrangements of his dear and
confidential friends, it was but fair that he should draw whenever he pleased upon the
wine-cellar: in short, by the practices of these three bloodsuckers, a most horrible
system of extravagance had found its way into my lord the count's establishment. If
you doubt my veracity, added the scullion, only take the trouble of going to- morrow
morning about seven o'clock into the neighbourhood of St Thomas's college, and you
will see me with a load upon my back, which will convert your suspicions into
certainty. Then you, said I, are in the confidence of these honest purveyors! I am
factor to the clerk of the kitchen, answered he; and one of my comrades runs on
errands for the steward.
I had the curiosity the next day to loiter about St. Thomas's college at the
appointed hour. My informer was punctual to time and place. He brought with him a
large tray full of butcher's meat, poultry, and game. I took an account of every article;
and drew out the bill of fare in my memorandum book, for the purpose of shewing it
to my master: at the same time telling my little turnspit to execute his commission as
usual.
His Sicilian lordship, naturally warm in his temper, would have turned his
countryman and the Italian out of doors together, in the first fury of his anger; but
after cooling upon it, he got rid of the former only, and gave me his vacant place.
Thus my office of supervisor was suppressed very shortly after its creation; nor did I
relinquish it with any reluctance. To define it strictly and properly, it was nothing
better than that of a spy with a sounding title; there was nothing substantial in the
nature of the appointment: whereas to the stewardship was tied the key of the strong
box, and with that goes the mastery of the whole family. There are so many little
perquisites and so much patronage attached to that department of administration, that
a man must inevitably get rich, almost in spite of his own honesty.
But our Neapolitan was not so easily to be driven from his strongholds.
Observing to what a pitch of savage zeal I carried my integrity, and that I was up
every morning time enough to enter in my books the exact quantity of meat that came
from market, he abandoned the practice of sending it off by wholesale: yet the
plunderer did not therefore contract the scale of his demands on the animal creation.
He was cunning enough to make it as broad as it was long, by arranging the services
with so much the more profusion. Thus, what was sent down again untouched being
his property by culinary common law, he had nothing to do but to pamper up his pet

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with victuals ready dressed, instead of giving her the trouble of cooking for herself.
The devil will levy his due out of every transaction; so that the count was very little
the better for his paragon of a steward. The unbounded prodigality in our style of
setting out a table, even to a surfeiting degree, was a plain hint to me of what was
going forward; I therefore took upon myself to retrench the superfluities of every
course. This, however, was done with so judicious a hand, that there was no thing like
parsimony to be discovered. No one would ever have missed what was taken away;
and yet the expense was reduced very considerably by a well- regulated economy.
That was just what my employer wanted; good housewifery, but a magnificent
establishment. There was a love of saving at the bottom; but a taste for grandeur was
the ostensible passion.
Abuses seldom exist alone. The wine flowed too freely. If, for instance, there
were a dozen gentlemen at his lordship's table, the consumption was seldom less than
fifty, sometimes sixty bottles, This was strange; and looked as if there was more in it
than met the lips of the guests. Hereupon I consulted my oracle of the scullery,
whence I derived most of my wisdom: for he brought me a faithful account of all that
was said and done in the kitchen, where they had not the least suspicion of him. It
seemed that the havoc of which I complained proceeded from a new confederacy
between the clerk of the kitchen, the cook, and the under butler. The latter carried off
the bottles half full, and shared their contents with his allies, I spoke to him on the
subject, threatening to turn him and all the footmen under him out of doors at a
minute's warning, if ever they did the like again. The hint was understood, and the evil
remedied. I took especial care lest the slightest of my services should be lost upon my
master, who overwhelmed me with commendations, and took a greater liking to me
every day. On my part, as a reward to the scullion, he was promoted to the situation
next under the cook.
The Neapolitan was furious at encountering me in every direction. The most
aggravating circumstance of the whole was the overhauling of his accounts; for, to
pare his nails the closer, I had gone into the market, and informed myself of the
prices. I followed him through all his doublings, and always took off the market
penny which he wanted to add. He must have cursed me a hundred times a day; but
the curses of the wicked fall in blessings on the good. I wonder how he could stay in
his place under such discipline; but probably something still stuck by the fingers.
Fabricio, whom I saw occasionally, rather blamed my conduct than otherwise.
Heaven grant, said he, one day, that all this virtue may meet with its reward! But
between ourselves you might as well be a little more practicable with the clerk of the
kitchen. What! answered I, shall this freebooter put a bold face upon the matter, and
charge a fish at ten pistoles in his bill, which costs only four, and would you have me
pass the articles in my accounts? Why not? replied he, coolly. He has only to let you
go snacks in the commission, and the books will be balanced in your favour by the
customary rule of stewardship arithmetic. Upon my word, my friend, you are enough
to overturn all regular systems of housekeeping; and you are likely to end your days in
a livery, if you let the eel slip through your fingers without skinning it. You are to
learn that fortune is a very woman; ready and eager to surrender, but expecting the
formality of a summons.
I only laughed at this doctrine; and Nunez laughed at it too, when he found
that bad advice was thrown away upon an incorrigibly honest subject. He then wished
to make me believe it was all a mere joke. At all events, nothing could shake my
resolution to act for my employer as for myself. Indeed my actions corresponded with

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my words on that subject; for I may venture to say that in four months my master
saved at least three thousand ducats by my thrift.

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 GIL BLAS

CH. XVI. -- An accident happens to the Count de Galiano's monkey; his

lordship's affliction on that occasion. The illness of Gil Blas, and its
consequences.
AT the expiration of the before-mentioned time; the repose of the family was
marvellously troubled by an accident, which will appear but a trifle to the reader; and
yet it was a very serious matter to the household, especially to me. Cupid, the monkey
of whom I was speaking, that animal, so much the idol of our lord and master,
attempting to leap from one window to another, performed so ill as to fall into the
court and put his leg out of joint. No sooner were the fatal tidings carried to the count,
than he sung a dirge which pealed through all the neighbourhood. In the extremity of
his sufferings, every inmate without exception was taken to task, and we were all
within an inch of being packed off about our business. But the storm only rumbled
without falling; he gave us and our negligence to the devil, without being by any
means select in the terms of the bequest. The most notorious of the faculty in the line
of fractures and dislocations were sent for. They examined the poor dear leg, set, and
bound it up. But though they all gave it as their opinion that there was no danger, my
master could not be satisfied without retaining the most eminent about the person of
the animal, till he could be pronounced to be in a state of convalescence.
It would be a manifest injustice to the family affections of his Sicilian
lordship, not to commemorate all the agonizing sensations of his soul during this
period of painful suspense. Would it be thought possible that this tender nurse did not
stir from his darling Cupid's bedside all the live-long day? The bandages were never
altered or adjusted but in his presence, and he got up two or three times in the night to
inquire after his patient. The most provoking part of the business was, that all the
servants, and myself in particular, were required to be eternally on the alert, to
anticipate the slightest wishes of this ridiculous baboon. In short, there was no peace
in the house, till the cursed beast, having recovered from the effects of its fall, got
back again to his old tricks and whirligigs. After this shall we be mealy-mouthed
about believing Suetonius, when he tells us that Caligula cared more for his horse than
for all the world besides, that he gave him more than the establishment and attendance
of a senator, and that he even wanted to make him consul? Our wise master stopped
little short of the emperor in his partiality to the monkey; and had serious thoughts of
purchasing for him the place of corregidor.
Mine was the worst luck of any in the family; for I had so topped my part
above all the other servants, by way of paying my court to his lordship, and had
nursed poor dear Cupid with such assiduity, as to throw myself into a fit of illness. A
violent fever seized me, so that I was almost at death's door. They did what they
pleased with me for a whole fortnight, without my consciousness; for the physicians
and the fates were both conspiring against me. But my youth was more than a match
for the fever and the prescriptions united. When I recovered my senses, the first use I
made of them was to observe myself removed to another room. I wanted to know
why; and asked an old woman who nursed me: but she told me that I must not talk, as
the physician had expressly forbidden it. When we are well, we turn up our noses at
the doctors; but when we are sick, we are as much like old women as themselves.
It seemed best therefore to keep silence, though with an inveterate longing to
hold converse with my attendant I was debating the point in my own mind, when
there came in two foppish-looking fellows, dressed in the very extreme of fashion.
Nothing less than velvet would serve their turn, with linen and lace to correspond.
They looked like men of rank; and I could have sworn that they were some of my

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master's friends come to see me out of regard for him. Under that impression I
attempted to sit up, and flung away my nightcap to look genteel; but the nurse forced
me under the bedclothes again, and tucked me up, announcing these gentlemen at the
same time, as my physician and apothecary.
The doctor came up to my bedside, felt my pulse, looked in my face; and
discovering undeniable symptoms of approaching convalescence, assumed an air of
triumph, as if it was all his handiwork; and said there was nothing wanting but to keep
the bowels open, and then he flattered himself he might boast of having performed an
extraordinary cure. Speaking after this manner, he dictated a prescription to the
apothecary, looking in the glass all the time, adjusting the dress of his hair, and
twisting his visage into shapes which set me laughing in spite of my debility. At
length he took his leave with a slight inclination of the head, and went his way, more
taken with the contemplation of his own pretty person, than anxious about the success
of his remedies.
After his departure, the apothecary, not to have the trouble of a visit for
nothing, made ready to proceed as it is prescribed in certain cases. Whether he was
afraid that the old woman's skill was not equal to the exigency, or whether he meant
to enhance his own services by assiduity, he chose to operate in person; but in spite of
practice and experience, accidents will happen. Haste to return benefits is among the
most amiable propensities of our nature; and such was my eagerness not to be
behindhand with my benefactor, that his velvet dress bore immediate testimony to the
profuseness of my gratitude. This he considered merely as one of those little
occurrences which chequer the fortunes of the pharmaceutical profession. A napkin is
a resource for everything in a sick room, and least said was soonest mended; so he
wiped himself quietly, vowing indemnity and vengeance to himself for the necessity
under which he unquestionably laboured of sending his clothes to the scourer.
On the following morning he returned to the attack more modestly equipped,
though there was then no risk of my springing a countermine, as he had only to
administer the potion which the doctor had prescribed the evening before. Besides that
I felt myself getting better every moment, I had taken such a dislike, since the day
before, to the pill-dispensing tribe, as to curse the very universities where these
graduated cut-throats kept their exercises in the faculty of slaying. In this temper of
mind, I declared, with a round oath, that I would not accept of health through such a
medium, but would willingly make over Hippocrates and his myrmidons to the devil.
The apothecary, who did not care a doit what became of his compound, if it was but
paid for, left the phial on the table, and stalked away in Telamonian silence.
I immediately ordered that bitch of a medicine to be thrown out of window,
having set myself so doggedly against it, that I would as soon have swallowed arsenic.
Having once drawn the sword, I threw away the scabbard; and erecting my tongue
into an independent potentate, told my nurse in a determined tone, that she must
absolutely inform me what was become of my master. The old lady, fearing lest the
development of the mystery might completely overset me, or thinking possibly that
her prey might escape out of her clutches for want of a little irritating contradiction,
was most provokingly mute; but I was so pressing in my demand to be obeyed, that
she at length gave me a decisive answer: Worthy sir, you have no longer any master
but your own will. Count Galiano is gone back into Sicily.
I could not believe my ears; and yet it was fatally the fact. That nobleman, on
the second day of my indisposition, being afraid of harbouring death under the same
roof with him, had the benevolence to send me packing with my little effects to a
ready- furnished room, where providence was left to cure, or a nurse to kill me, as it

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happened. While the alternative was tottering on the balance, he was ordered back
into Sicily, and in the headlong haste of his obedience, never thought about me;
whether it was that he numbered me already among the death, or that great lords, like
great wits, have short memories.
My nurse gave me these particulars, and informed me that it was she who had
called in a physician and an apothecary, that I might not die without professional
honours. I fell into profound musing at this fine story. Farewell my brilliant
establishment in Sicily! Farewell my budding hopes and blushing honours! When any
great misfortune shall have befallen you, says a certain pope, look well to your own
conduct, and you will find that there is always some thing wrong at the bottom of it.
With all reverent submission to his holiness, I cannot help thinking myself in this
instance an exception to the infallibility of his maxim. How the deuce was I to blame
for being visited by a fever? There was more reason for remorse in the monkey or his
master than in me.
When I beheld the flattering chimeras with which my head was filled, all
vanishing into air, into thin air, the first thing that worried my poor brain was my
portmanteau, which I ordered to be laid upon my bed to examine it. I groaned heavily
on discovering that it had been opened. Alas! my dear portmanteau, exclaimed I, my
only hope, consolation, and refuge! You have been, to all appearance, a prisoner in an
enemy's country. No, no, Signor Gil Blas, said the old woman, make yourself easy on
that head; you have not fallen among thieves. Your baggage is as immaculate as my
honour.
I found the dress I had on at my first entrance into the count's service; but it
was in vain to look for that which my friend from Messina had ordered for me as a
member of the household. My master had not thought fit to leave me in possession of
it, or else some one had made free with it. All my other little matters were safe, and
even a large leather purse with my coin in it, which I counted over twice, not being
able to believe at first that there could be only fifty pistoles remaining out of two
hundred and sixty, which was the balance of the account before my illness. What is
the meaning of all this, my good lady? said I to the nurse. Here is a leak in the vessel.
No living soul but myself has touched a farthing, answered the old woman, and I have
been as good an economist for you as possible. But illness is very expensive; one
must always have one's money in one's hand. Here! added this excellent economist,
taking a bundle of papers out of her pocket, this is a statement of debtor and creditor,
as exact as a banker's book, and you will see that I have not laid out the veriest trifle
in need-nots.
I ran over the account with a hasty glance; for it extended to fifteen or twenty
pages. Mercy on us! The poulterers' shops must have been exhausted, while I was in
too weak a state to take sustenance! There must have been at least twelve pistoles
stewed down into broths. Other articles were much to the same tune. It was incredible
what a sum had been lavished in firing, candles, water, brooms, and innumerable
articles of housekeeping and house cleaning. After all, extortionate as the bill was, the
utmost ingenuity could not raise it above thirty pistoles, and consequently there was a
deficiency of a hundred and eighty to make the account even. I just ventured to point
that out; but the old woman, with a shew of simplicity and candour, put all the saints
in the calendar into requisition to attest that there were no more than eighty pistoles in
the purse when the count's steward gave her charge of the wallet. What say you, my
good woman, interrupted I with precipitation: was it the steward who placed my
effects in your hands? To be sure it was, answered she, the very man, and with this
piece of advice: Here, good mother, when Gil Blas shall be numbered with the dead,

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do not fail to treat him with a handsome funeral; there is in this wallet wherewithal to
defray the expenses.
Ah! most pestiferous Neapolitan! exelaimed I in the bitterness of my heart. I
am no longer at a loss to conjecture what is become of the deficiency. You have swept
it off as an indemnity for a part of the plunder which I have prevented you from
making free with. After relieving my mind by exclamations, I returned thanks to
heaven that the scoundrel had been so modest as not to take the whole. Yet whatever
reason I had for believing the action to be perfectly in character for the person to
whom it was imputed, the nurse had not altogether cleared herself from my
suspicions. They hovered sometimes over one and sometimes over the other; but let
them light where they would, it was all the same to me. I said nothing about the matter
to the old woman; not even so much as to haggle about the items of her fine bill. I
should not have been an atom the richer for doing so; and we must all live by our
trades. The utmost of my malice was to pay her and send her packing three days
afterwards.
I am inclined to think that at her departure she gave the apothecary notice of
her quitting the premises, and having left me sufficiently in possession of myself to
take French leave without acknowledging my obligations to him; for she had not been
gone many minutes before he came in puffing and blowing, with his bill in his hand.
There, under names which had escaped my conscription, though as arrant a physician
as the worst of them, he had set down all the hypothetical remedies which he insisted
that I had taken during the time when I could take nothing. This bill might truly be
called the epitome of an apothecary's conscience. Such being the case, we had a bustle
about the payment. I pleaded for an abatement of one-half. He swore that he would
not take a doit less than his just demand. He kept his oath and yet relaxed; for
considering that he had to do with a young man who might run away from Madrid
within four-and-twenty hours, he preferred my offer of three hundred per cent, on the
prime cost of his drugs, though a pitiful profit for an apothecary, to the risk of losing
all. I counted out the money with an aching heart, and he withdrew, chuckling over
his revenge for the scurvy trick I had played him on the day of evacuation.
The physician made his appearance next; for beasts of prey inhabit the same
latitudes. I fee'd him for his visits, which had been quite as frequent as necessary, and
his object was answered. But he would not leave me without proving how hardly he
had earned his money, for that he had not only expelled the enemy from the interior,
but had defended the frontiers from the attack of all the disorders on the army list of
the materia medica. He talked very learnedly, with good emphasis and discretion; so
much so, that I did not comprehend one word he said. When I had got rid of him, I
flattered myself that the destinies had now done their worst. But I was mistaken; for
there came a surgeon whose face I had never seen in the whole course of my life. He
accosted me very politely, and congratulated me on the imminent danger I had
escaped; attributing the happy issue of my complaints to those which he had himself
cut, with the profuse application of bleeding, cupping, blistering, and all sorts of
torments, consequent and inconsequent. Another feather out of my poor wing! I was
obliged to pay toll to the surgeon also. After so many purgatives, my purse was
brought to such a state of debility, that it might be considered as dead and gone; a
mere skeleton, drained of all its vital juices.
My spirits began to flag, on the contemplation of my wretched case. In the
service of my two last masters I had wedded myself to the pomps and vanities of this
wicked world; and could no longer, as heretofore, look poverty in the face with the
sternness of a cynic. It must be owned, however, that I was in the wrong to give way

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to melancholy, after experiencing so often that fortune had never cast me down, but
for the purpose of raising me up again; so that my pitiful plight at the present moment,
if rightly considered, was only to be hailed as the harbinger of approaching prosperity.

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BOOK THE EIGHTH.

CH. I. -- Gil Blas scrapes an acquaintance of some value, and finds wherewithal
to make him amends for the Count de Galiano's ingratitude. Don Valerio de
Luna's story.
IT seemed so strange to have heard not a syllable from Nunez during this long
interval, that I concluded he must be in the country. I went to look after him as soon
as I could walk, and found the fact to be, that he had gone into Andalusia three weeks
ago, with the Duke of Medina Sidonia.
One morning when rubbing my eyes after a sound sleep, Melchior de la Ronda
started into my recollection; and that bringing to mind my promise at Grenada, of
going to see his nephew, if ever I should return to Madrid, it seemed advisable not to
defer fulfilling my promise for a single day. I inquired where Don Balthazar de
Zuniga lived, and went thither straightway. On asking if Signor Joseph Navarro was at
home, he made his appearance immediately. We exchanged bows with a well-bred
coolness on his part, though I had taken care to announce my name audibly. There
was no reconciling such a frosty reception with the glowing portrait ascribed to this
paragon of the buttery. I was just going to withdraw in the full determination of not
coming again, when assuming all at once an open and smiling aspect, he said with
considerable earnestness: Ah! Signor Gil Blas de Santillane, pray forgive the
formality of your welcome. My memory ill seconded the warmth of my disposition
towards you. Your name had escaped me, and was not at the moment identified with
the gentleman, of whom mention was made in a letter from Grenada more than four
months ago.
How happy I am to see you! added he, shaking hands with me most cordially.
My uncle Melchior, whom I love and honour like my natural father, charges me, if by
chance I should have the honour of seeing you, to entertain you as his own son, and in
case of need, to stretch my own credit and that of my friends to the utmost in your
behalf. He extols the qualities of your heart and mind in terms sufficient of themselves
to engage me in your service, though his recommendation had not been added to the
other motives. Consider me, therefore, I entreat you, as participating in all my uncle's
sentiments. You may depend on my friendship; let me hope for an equal share in
yours.
I replied to Joseph's polite assurances in suitable terms of acknowledgment; so
that being both of us warm-headed and sincere, a close intimacy sprung up without
waiting for common forms. I felt no embarassment about laying open the state of my
affairs. This I had no sooner done, than he said: I take upon myself the care of finding
you a situation; meanwhile, there is a knife and fork for you here every day. You will
live rather better than at an ordinary. This offer was sure to be well relished by an
invalid just recovering with a fastidious palate and an empty pocket. It could not but
be accepted; and I picked up my crumbs so fast that at the end of a fortnight I began to
look like a rosy-gilled son of the church. It struck me that Melchior's nephew larded
his lean sides to some purpose. But how could it be otherwise? he had three strings to
his bow, as holding the undermentioned pluralities: the butler's place, the clerkship of
the kitchen, and the stewardship. Furthermore, without meaning to question my
friend's honesty, they do say that the comptroller of the household and he looked over
each other's hands.

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My recovery was entirely confirmed, when my friend Joseph, on my coming

in to dinner as usual one day, said with an air of congratulation: Signor Gil Blas, I
have a very tolerable situation in view for you. You must know that the Duke of
Lerma, first minister of the crown in Spain, giving himself up entirely to state affairs,
throws the burden of his own on two confidential persons. Don Diego de Monteser
takes the charge of collecting his rents, and Don Rodrigo de Calderona superintends
the finances of his household. These two officers are paramount in their departments,
having nothing to do with one another. Don Diego has generally two deputies to
transact the business; and finding just now that one of them had been discharged, I
have been canvassing for you. Signor Monteser having the greatest possible regard for
me, granted my request at once, on the strength of my testimony to your morals and
capacity. We will pay our respects to him after dinner.
We did not miss our appointment. I was received with every mark of favour,
and promoted in the room of the dismissed deputy. My business consisted in visiting
the farms, in giving orders for the necessary repairs, in dunning the farmers, and
keeping them to time in their payments; in a word, the tenants were all under my
thumb, and Don Diego checked my accounts every month with a minuteness which
few receivers could have borne. But this was exactly what I wanted. Though my
uprightness had been so ill requited by my late master, it was my only inheritance, and
I was determined not to sell the reversion.
One day news came that the castle of Lerma had taken fire, and was more than
half burnt down. I immediately went thither to estimate the loss. In forming myself to
a nicety, and on the spot, respecting all the particulars of the unlucky accident, I drew
up a detailed narrative, which Monteser shewed to the Duke of Lerma. That minister,
though vexed at the circumstance, was struck with the memorial, and inquired who
was the author. Don Diego thought it not enough to answer the question, but spoke of
me in such high terms, that his excellency recollected it six months afterwards, on
occasion of an incident I shall now relate, had it not been for which I might never,
perhaps, have been employed at court. It was as follows: --
There lived at that time in Princes Street an elderly lady, by name Inésilla de
Cantarilla. Her birth was a matter of mystery. Some said she was the daughter of a
musical instrument-maker, and others gave her a high military extraction. However
that might be, she was a very extraordinary personage. Nature had gifted her with the
singular talent of winning men's hearts in defiance of time, and in contradiction to her
own laws; for she was now entering upon the fourth quarter of her century. She had
been the reigning toast of the old court, and levied tribute on the passions of the new.
Age, though at daggers drawn with beauty, was completely foiled in its assault upon
her charms; they might be somewhat faded, but the touch of sympathy they excited in
their decline was more pleasing that the vivid glow of their meridian lustre. An air of
dignity, a transporting wit and humour, an unborrowed grace in her deportment,
perpetuated the reign of passion, and silenced the suggestions of reason.
Don Valerio de Luna, one of the Duke of Lerma's secretaries, a young fellow
of five-and-twenty, meeting with Inésilla, fell violently in love with her. He made his
sentiments known, enacted all the mummery of despair, and followed up the usual
catastrophe of every amorous drama so much according to the unities and rules, that it
was difficult, in the very torrent and whirlwind of his passion, to beget a temperance
that might give it smoothness. The lady, who had her reason for not choosing to fall in
with his humour, was at a loss how to get out of the difficulty. One day she was in
hopes to have found the means by calling the young man into her closet, and there
pointing to a clock upon the table. Mark the precise hour, said she; just seventy-five

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years ago was I brought upon the stage of this fantastical world. In good earnest,
would it sit well upon my time of life to be engaged in affairs of gallantry? Betake
yourself to reflection, my good child; stifle sentiments so unsuitable to your own
circumstances and mine. Sensible as this language was, the spark, no longer bowing
to the authority of reason, answered the lady with all the impetuosity of a man racked
by the most excruciating torments: Cruel Inésilla, why have you recourse to such
frivolous remonstrances? Do you think they can change your charms or my desires?
Delude not yourself with so false a hope. As long as your loveliness or my delusion
lasts, I shall never cease to adore you. Well, then, rejoined she, since you are obstinate
enough to persist in the resolution of wearying me with your importunities, my doors
shall henceforth be shut against you. You are banished, and I beg to be no longer
troubled with your company.
It may be supposed, perhaps, that after this, Don Valerio, baffled, made good
his retreat like a prudent general. Quite the reverse! He became more troublesome
than ever. Love is to lovers just what wine is to drunkards. The swain intreated,
sighed, looked, and sighed again; when all at once, changing his note from childish
treble to the big manly voice of bluster and ravishment, he swore that he would have
by foul means what he could not obtain by fair. But the lady, repulsing him
courageously, said with a piercing look of strong resentment, Hold, imprudent wretch!
I shall put a curb on your mad career. Learn that you are my own son.
Don Valerio was thunderstruck at these words; the tempest of his rage
subsided. But, conjecturing that Inesilla had only started this device to rid herself of
his solicitations, he answered, That is a mere romance of the moment to steal away
from my ardent desires. No, no, said she, interrupting him, I disclose a mystery which
should have been for ever buried, had you not reduced me to so painful a necessity. It
is six-and-twenty years since I was in love with your father, Don Pedro de Luna, then
governor of Segovia; you were the fruit of our mutual passion: he owned you, brought
you up with care and tenderness, and having no children born in wedlock, he had
nothing to hinder him from distinguishing your good qualities by the gifts of fortune.
On my part, I have not forsaken you; as soon as you were of an age to be introduced
into the world, I drew you into the circle of my acquaintance, to form your manners to
that polish of good company, so necessary for a gentleman, which is only to be gained
in female society. I have done more: I have employed all my credit to introduce you to
the prime minister. In short, I have interested myself for you as I should have done for
my own son. After this confession, take your measures accordingly. If you can purge
your affections from their dross, and look on me as a mother, you are not banished
from my presence, and I shall treat you with my accustomed tenderness. But if you
are not equal to an effort, which nature and reason demand from you, fly instantly,
and release me from the horror of beholding you.
Inesilla spoke to this effect. Meanwhile Don Valerio preserved a sudden
silence: it might have been interpreted into a virtuous struggle, a conquest over the
weakness of his heart. But his purposes were far different; he had another scene to act
before his mother. Unable to withstand the total overthrow of all his wild projects, he
basely yielded to despair. Drawing his sword, he plunged it in his own bosom. His
fate resembled that of Oedipus, with this distinction; that the Theban put out his own
eyes from remorse for the crime he had perpetrated, while the Castilian, on the
contrary, committed suicide from disappointment at the frustration of his purposes.
The unhappy Don Valerio was not released from his sufferings immediately.
He had leisure left for recollection, and for making his peace with heaven, be fore he
rushed into the presence of his Maker. As his death vacated one of the secretaryships

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on the Duke of Lerma's establishment, that minister, not having forgotten my memoir
on the subject of the fire, nor the high character he had heard of me, nominated me to
succeed to the post in question.

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CH. II. -- Gil Blas is introduced to the Duke of Lerma, who admits him among
the number of his secretaries, and requires a specimen of his talents, with which
he is well satisfied.
MONTESER was the person to inform me of this agreeable circumstance,
which he did in the following terms: My friend Gil Blas, though I do not lose you
without regret, I am too much your well-wisher not to be delighted at your promotion
in the room of Don Valerio. You cannot fail to make a princely fortune, provided you
act upon two hints which I have to give you: the first, to affect so total a devotion to
his excellency's good pleasure, as to leave no room to conceive it possible that you
have any other object or interest in life -- the second, to pay your court assiduously to
Signor Don Rodrigo de Calderona; for that personage models and remodels, fashions
and touches upon the mind of his master, just as if it was clay under the hands of the
designer. If you are fortunate enough to chime in with that favourite secretary, you
will travel post to wealth and honour, and find relays upon the road.
Sir, said I to Don Diego, returning him thanks at the same time for his good
advice, be pleased to give some little opening to Don Rodrigo's character. I have
heard a few anecdotes of him. One would suppose him, from some accounts, not to be
the best creature in the world; but the people at large are inveterate caricaturists when
they draw courtiers at full length; though, after all, the likeness will strike, in spite of
the aggravation. Tell me, therefore, I beseech you, what is your own sincere opinion
of Signor Calderona. That is rather an awkward question, answered my principal with
an ironical smile. I should tell any one but yourself, without flinching, that he was a
gentleman of the strictest honour, upon whose fair fame the breath of calumny had
never dared to blow; but I really cannot put off such a copy of my countenance upon
you. Relying as I do on your discretion, it becomes a duty to deal candidly in the
delineation of Don Rodrigo; for without that, it would be playing fast and loose with
you to recommend the cultivation of his good-will.
You are to know then, that when his excellency was no more than plain Don
Francisco de Sandoval, this man had the humility to serve him as his lackey; since
which time he has risen by degrees to the post of principal secretary. A prouder
excrescence of the dunghill never sprung into vegetation on a summer's day. He
considers himself as the Duke of Lerma's colleague; and in point of fact, he may truly
be said to parcel out the loaves and fishes of administration, since he gives away
offices and governments at the suggestions of his own caprice. The public grumbles
and growls upon occasion; but who cares for the grumbling and growling of the
public? Let him steal a pair of gloves from the prostitution of political honour, and the
bronze upon his forehead will be proof against the peltings of scandal. What I have
said will decide your dealings towards so supercilious a compound of dust and ashes.
Yes, to be sure, said I; leave me alone for that It will be strange indeed if I cannot
wriggle myself into his good graces. If one can but get on the blind side of a man who
is to be made a property, it must be want of skill in the player if the game is lost.
Exactly so, replied Monteser; and now I will introduce you to the Duke of Lerma.
We went at once to the minister, whom we found in his audience- chamber.
His levee was more crowded than the king's. There were commanders and knights of
St James and of Calatrava, making interest for governments and viceroyalties; bishops
who, labouring under oppression of the breath and tightness of the chest in their own
dioceses, had been recommended the air of an archbishopric by their physicians;
while the sounder lungs of lower dignitaries were strong enough to inhale the Theban
atmosphere of a suffragan see. I observed besides some reduced officers dancing

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attendance to Captain Chinchilla's tune, and catching cold in fishing for a pension,
which was never likely to pay the doctor for their cure. If the duke did not satisfy their
wants, he put a pleasant face upon their importunities; and it struck me that he
returned a civil answer to all applicants.
We waited patiently till the routine of ceremony was despatched. Then said
Don Diego: My lord, this is Gil Blas de Santillane, the young man appointed by your
excellency to succeed Don Valerio. The duke now took more particular notice of me,
saying obligingly, that I had already earned my promotion by my services. He then
took me to a private conference in his closet, or rather to an examination. My birth,
parentage, and course of life were the objects of his inquiry; nor would he be satisfied
without the particulars, and those in the spirit of sincerity. What a career to run over
before a patron! Yet it was impossible to lie, in the presence of a prime minister. On
the other hand, my vanity was concerned in suppressing so many circumstances, that
there was no venturing on an unqualified confession. What cunning scene had Roscius
then to act? A little painting and tattooing might decently be employed to disguise the
nakedness of truth, and spare her unsophisticated blushes. But he had studied her
complexion, as well as the beauties of her natural form. Monsieur de Santillane, said
he with a smile on the close of my narrative, I perceive that hitherto you have had
your principles to choose. My lord, answered I, colouring up to the eyes, your
excellency enjoined me to deal sincerely; and I have complied with your orders. I take
your doing so in good part, replied he. It is all very well, my good fellow: you have
escaped from the snares of this wicked world more by luck than management: it is
wonderful that bad example should not have corrupted you irreparably. There are
many men of strict virtue and exemplary piety, who would have turned out the
greatest rogues in existence, if their destinies had exposed them to but half your trials.
Friend Santillane, continued the minister, ponder no longer on the past;
consider yourself as to the very bone and marrow the king's; live henceforth but for
his service. Come this way; I will instruct you in the nature of your business. He
carried me into a little closet adjoining his own, which contained a score of thick folio
registers. This is your workshop, said he. All these registers compose an alphabetical
peerage, giving the heraldry and history of all the nobility and gentry in the several
kingdoms and principalities of the Spanish monarchy. In these volumes are recorded
the services rendered to the state by the present possessors and their ancestors,
descending even to the personal animosities and rencounters of the individuals and
their houses. Their fortunes, their manners, in a word, all the pros and cons of their
character are set down according to the letter of ministerial scrutiny; so that they no
sooner enter on the list of court candidates, that my eye catches up the very chapter
and verse of their pretensions. To furnish this necessary information, I have pensioned
scouts everywhere on the look-out, who send me private notices of their discoveries;
but as these documents are for the most part drawn up in a gossiping and provincial
style, they require to be translated into gentlemanly language, or the king would not
be able to support the perusal of the registers. This task demands the pen of a polite
and perspicuous writer; I doubt not but you will justify your claim to the appointment.
After this introduction, he put a memorial into my hand, taken from a large
portfolio full of papers, and then withdrew from my closet, that my first specimen
might be manufactured in all the freedom of solitude. I read the memorial, which was
not only stuffed with a most uncouth jargon, but breathed a brimstone spirit of rancour
and personal revenge. This was most foul, strange, and unnatural! for the homily was
written by a monk. He hacked and hewed a Catalan family of some note most
unmercifully; with what reason or truth, it must be reserved for a more penetrating

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inquirer to decide. It read for all the world like an infamous libel, and I had some
scruples about becoming the publisher of the calumny; nevertheless, young as I was at
court, I plunged head foremost, at the risk of sinking and destroying his reverence's
soul. The wickedness, if there was any, would be put down to his running account
with the recording angel; I therefore had nothing to do but to vilify, in the purest
Spanish phraseology, some two or three generations of honest men and loyal subjects.
I had already blackened four or five pages, when the duke, impatient to know
how I got on, came back and said -- Santillane, shew me what you have done; I am
curious to see it. At the same time, casting his eye over the transcript, he read the
beginning with much attention. It seemed to please him; strange that he could be so
pleased! Prepossessed as I have been in your favour, observed he, I must own that you
have surpassed my expectations. It is not merely the elegance and distinctness of the
handwriting! There is something animated and glowing in the composition. You will
do ample credit to my choice, and fully make up for the loss of your predecessor. He
would not have cut my panegyric so short, if his nephew the Count de Lemos had not
interrupted him in the middle of it. By the warmth and frequency of his excellency's
welcome, it was evident that they were the best friends in the world. They were
immediately closeted together on some family business, of which I shall speak in the
sequel. The king's affairs at this time were obliged to play second to those of the
minister.
While they were caballing it struck twelve. As I knew that the secretaries and
their clerks quitted office at that hour to go and dine wherever their business and
desire should point them, I left my prize performance behind me, and went to the
gayest tavern at the court end of the town, for I had nothing further to do with
Monteser, who had paid my salary, and taken his leave of me. But a common eating-
house would have been a very improper place for me to be seen in. "Consider yourself
as to the very bone and marrow the king's." This metaphorical expression of the duke
had given birth to a real and tangible ambition in my soul, which put forth shoots like
a plantation in a fat and unvexed soil.

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CH. III. -- All is not gold that glitters. Some uneasiness resulting from the
discovery of that principle in philosophy, and its practical application to existing
circumstances.
I TOOK especial care, on my first entrance, to instil into the tavern-keeper's
conception that I was secretary to the prime minister; nor was it easy, in that view of
my rank and consequence, to order anything sufficiently sumptuous for dinner. To
have selected from the bill of fare, might have looked as if I descended to the
meanness of calculation; I therefore told him to send up the best the house afforded.
My orders were punctually obeyed; and the anxious assiduity of the attendance
pampered my fancy as much as the dishes did my palate. As to the bill, I had nothing
to do with it but to pay it. Down went a pistole upon the table, and the waiters
pocketed the difference, which was somewhat more than a quarter. After this display
of grandeur I strutted out, practising those obstreperous clearings of the throat which
announce, by empty sound, the approach of a substantial coxcomb.
There was at the distance of twenty yards a large house with lodgings to let,
principally frequented by foreign nobility. I rented at once a suite of apartments,
consisting of five or six rooms elegantly furnished. From my style of living, any one
would have thought I had two or three thousand ducats of yearly income. The first
month was paid in advance. Afterwards I returned to business, and employed the
whole afternoon in going on with what I had begun in the morning. In a closet
adjoining mine there were two other secretaries; but their office was only to copy out
fair. I got acquainted with them as we were shutting up for the evening; and, by way
of smoothing the first overtures towards friendship, invited them home with me to my
tavern, where I ordered the choicest delicacies of the season, with a profusion of the
most exquisite wines.
We sat down to table, and began bandying about more merriment than wit; for
with all due deference to my guests, it was but too visible that they owed their official
situations to any circumstance rather than to their abilities. They were adepts, it must
be confessed, in all the history and mystery of scrivening and clerkship; but as for
polite literature and university education, there was not even a suspicion of it in all
their talk.
To make amends for that defect, they had a keen eye to the main chance; and
though sensible how high an honour it was to be on the prime minister's
establishment, there were some dashes of acid in the cup of good fortune. It is now
full five months, said one of them, that we have been serving at our own cost. We do
not touch one farthing of salary; and, what is worst of all, our very board wages are
shamefully in arrear. There is no knowing what footing we are upon. As for me, said
the other, I would willingly be tied up to the halbert, and receive a percentage in
lashes, for the liberty of changing my berth; but I dare not either take myself off or
petition for my discharge, after having transcribed such state secrets as have passed
under my inspection. I might chance to become too well acquainted with the tower of
Segovia or the castle of Alicant.
How do you manage for a subsistence, then? said I. You must of course have
means of your own. These they represented as very slender; but that, fortunately for
them, they lodged with a kind- hearted widow, who boarded them on tick, at the rate
of a hundred pistoles a year for each These anecdotes of a court life, not one of which
escaped me, completely ventilated all the rising fumes of pride. It could not be
supposed that more consideration would be shewn to me than to others, and
consequently there was nothing to be so puffed up with in my post; there seemed to be

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much cry and little wool, a discovery which rendered it expedient to husband my
finances with a narrower economy. A picture like this was enough to cure my taste for
treating. I repented not having left these secretaries to find their own supper; for they
played a most cruel knife and fork at mine! and, when the bill was brought, I
squabbled with the landlord about the charges.
We parted at midnight; and the early breaking up was to be laid at my door;
for I did not propose another bottle. They went home to their widow, and I withdrew
to my magnificent lodgings, which I was now mad with myself for having taken, and
was fully determined to give up at the month's end. My bed of down was now
converted into a couch of thorns; sleep had abandoned his narcotic tenement, and sold
the fee-simple of my repose to the demon of eternal wakefulness. The remainder of
the night was passed in contriving not to serve the state too patriotically. For that
purpose I bethought me of Monteser's good counsel. I got up with the intention of
making my bow to Don Rodrigo de Calderona. My present temper was just pat to the
purpose of ingratiating myself with so high and mighty a gentleman; whose patronage
was indispensable to my existence. I therefore presented my person in that secretary's
ante-chamber.
His apartments communicated with the duke's, and rivalled them in the lustre
of their decorations. The field officer could scarcely be distinguished from the
subaltern by any outward distinction in his paraphernalia. I sent in my name as Don
Valerio's successor; but that did not hinder me from being kept kicking my heels for a
good hour. Trusty, but novice officer of the king, said I, while ruminating on court
manners, lean a lesson of patience, if so please you. You must begin with shewing
paces yourself, and afterwards make others bite the bridle.
At length the door of the inner room opened. I went in, and advanced towards
Don Rodrigo, who had just been writing an amorous epistle to his charming Siren,
and was giving it to Pedrillo at that very moment. I had never manufactured my face
and air into such a counterfeit of reverence before the Archbishop of Grenada, nor on
my introduction to the Count de Galiano, nor even in presence of the prime minister
himself: the crisis of my fawning was reserved for Signor de Calderona. I paid my
respects to him with my body bent down to the very ground, as if crouching under the
ken of a superior intelligence; and solicited his protection in strains of humble
hypocrisy, at which my cheek now burns with shame, to think that man can so debase
himself before his fellow-man. My servility would have recoiled to my own undoing,
had it been practised towards a compound of any manly and independent ingredients.
As for this fellow, he swallowed flattery by the lump without mastication; and assured
me, just as if he meant what he said, that he would leave no stone unturned to do me
service.
Hereupon, thanking him with unlimited expressions of attachment for his kind
and generous sentiments, I sold my very soul and all my little stock of conscience to
his free disposal. But as this farce might be tiresome if prolonged, I took my leave,
apologizing for having broken in upon his more serious avocations. As soon as I had
finished this abominable scene, I slunk back to my desk, where I finished my
prescribed task. The duke was at my elbow the next morning. The end of my
performance was not less to his mind than the beginning; and he praised it
accordingly: This is extremely well indeed! Copy this abridgment in your best hand
into the register of Catalonia. You shall not want employment of this kind. I had a
very long conversation with his excellency, and was delighted at his mild and familiar
deportment. What a contrast to Calderona! They might have sat to a painter for Pan
and Apollo.

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To-day I dined at a cheap ordinary, and sunk the secretary upon my

messmates, till I should ascertain what solid profit might accrue from all my bows and
scrapes. I had funds for three months, or thereabouts. That interval I allowed myself
for casting my bread upon the waters. But as the shortest speculations are the safest, if
my salary was not paid by that time, a long farewell to the court, its frippery, and its
falsehood! Thus were my plans arranged. For two months I laboured hard and fast to
stand well with Calderona: but his senses were so callous to all my assiduity, that it
seemed labour in vain to build on so hopeless a foundation. This idea produced a
change in my conduct. I left some greener fool to fumigate the nostrils of this idol;
and placed all my own dependence on making my ground sure with the duke, by the
benefit of our frequent conferences.

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CH. IV. -- Gil Blas becomes a favourite with the Duke of Lerma, and the
confidant of an important secret.
THOUGH his grace's interviews with me were short as the fleeting visions of
supernatural communication, my turn and character won its way gradually into his
excellency's good liking. One day after dinner, he said: Attend to me, Gil Blas. I
really like you very muck You are a zealous, confidential lad, full of understanding
and discretion. My trust cannot be misplaced in such hands. I threw myself at his feet,
at the music of these words; and kissing his outstretched hand, answered thus: Is it
possible that your excellency can think so favourably of your servant? What a host of
enemies will such a preference conjure up against me! But Don Rodrigo is the only
man whose privy grudge is formidable enough to alarm me.
You have nothing to fear from that quarter, replied the duke. I know
Calderona. He has loved me from his cradle. Every movement of his heart is in unison
with mine. He cherishes whatever I love, and hates in exact proportion to my dislike.
So far from being alarmed at his ill-will, you ought, on the contrary, to hug yourself
on his peculiar partiality. This let me at once into the abysses of Don Rodrigo's
character. He shuffled and cut the cards to his own deal, and paid his debts of honour
out of his excellency's pool. One could not be too wary with this gentleman.
To begin, pursued the duke, with a proof my thorough reliance on your faith, I
will open to you a long-projected design. It is necessary for you to be informed of it,
to qualify you for the commissions with which I shall hereafter have occasion to
intrust to you. For a great length of time have I beheld my authority universally
respected, my decisions implicitly adopted, places, pensions, governments, vice-
royalties, and church preferments all awaiting my disposal. Without umbrage to my
royal master, I may be said to be absolute in Spain. My individual fortunes can be
pushed no higher. But I would willingly fix firm the structure I have raised; for the
storms are already beginning to beat about the citadel of my peace. My only safety
must consist in nominating my nephew, the Count de Lemos, as my successor in the
ministry.
This profound courtier, observing my astonishment, went on thus. I see
plainly, Santillane, I see plainly what surprises you. It seems strange and
unaccountable that I should prefer my nephew to my own son, the Duke d'Uzeda. But
you are to learn that this last has too narrow a genius to fill up my place in politics;
and there are other reasons why I set my face against him. He has found out the secret
of making himself agreeable to the king, who wants him for his interior cabinet; and
back-stairs influence is what I cannot bear. Royal favour is a sort of political mistress;
exclusive possession is its only charm. The very existence of the passion is identified
with inextinguishable jealousy; nor can we the better endure to share the bliss,
because our rival has been nursed in our own bosom.
Thus do I lay bare the very recesses of my soul. I have already tried to ruin the
Duke d'Uzeda with the king; but having failed, am pointing my artillery towards
another object. I am determined that the Count de Lemos shall stand first with the
Prince of Spain. Being gentleman of his bedchamber, he has opportunities of talking
with him continually; and, besides that he has a winning manner with him, I know a
sure method of enabling him to succeed in his enterprise. By this device, my nephew
will be pitted against my son. The cousins harbouring unfavourable suspicions of each
other, will both be forced to place themselves under my protection; and the necessity
of the case will render them submissive to my will. This is my project; nor will your

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assistance be of slender avail to its success. It is you whom I shall make the private
channel of communication between the Count de Lemos and myself.
After this confidence, which sounded for all the world like the clink of current
coin, my mind was easy about the future. At length, said I, behold me taking shelter
under Plutus's gutter; the golden shower may drench me to the skin, before I shall cry
hold, enough! It is impossible that the bosom friend of a man, by whom the whole
music of the political machine is tempered, should be left to thrum upon the discord of
poverty. Full of these harmonious visions, my fifths and octaves were but little
untuned by the sensible declension of my purse.

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CH. V. -- The joys, the honours, and the miseries of a court life, in the person of
Gil Blas.
THE minister's growing partiality towards me was soon noticed. He displayed
it ostentatiously, by committing his portfolio to my custody, which it was his habit to
carry in his own hand when he went to council. This novelty causing me to be looked
upon as a rising favourite, excited the envy of certain persons, so that I was preciously
sprinkled with the hellish dew of court malevolence. My two neighbours the
secretaries were not the last to compliment me on my budding honours, and invited
me to supper at the widow's, not so much by way of returning my hospitality, as with
an eye to business in the cultivation of my acquaintance. Parties were made for me
everywhere. Even the haughty Don Rodrigo was cap-in-hand to me. He now called
me nothing less than Signor de Santillane, though the moon had scarcely changed her
face since he thee'd and thou'd me, without ever bethinking him that he was talking to
something above a pauper. He heaped me up and pressed me down with civilities,
especially within eyeshot of our common patron. But the fool was wiser than to be
caught with chaff. The good breeding of my returns was nicely proportioned to my
thorough detestation of my humble servant: a rascal who had lived in court all his life
could not have played the rascal better than I did.
I likewise accompanied my lord duke when he had an audience of the king,
which was usually three times a day. In the morning he went into his majesty's
chamber as soon as he was awake. There he dropped down on his marrow bones by
the bed-side, talked over what was to be done in the course of the day, and put into the
royal mouth the speeches the royal tongue was to make. He then withdrew. After
dinner he came back again; not for state affairs, but for what, what? and a little gossip.
He was well instructed in all the tittle-tattle of Madrid, which was sold to him at the
earliest of the season. Lastly, in the evening he saw the king again for the third time,
put whatever colour he pleased on the transactions of the day, and, as a matter of
course, requested his instructions for the morrow. While he was with the king, I kept
in the ante-chamber, where people of the first quality, sinking that they might rise,
threw themselves in the way of my observation, and thought the day not lost if I had
deigned to exchange a few words of common civility with them. Was it to be
wondered at, if myself-importance fattened upon such food? There are many folks at
court, who stalk about on stilts of much frailer materials.
One day my vanity was still more highly pampered. The king, to whom the
duke had puffed off my style, was curious to see a sample of it. His excellency made
me bring the register of Catalonia and myself into the royal presence; telling me to
read the first memorial I had digested. If so catholic a critic overpowered my modesty
at first, the minister's encouragement recalled my scattered spirits, and I read with
good tone and emphasis what his majesty deigned to hear with some symptoms of
approbation. He spoke handsomely of my performance, and recommended my
fortunes to the special care of his minister. My humility was not the greater for the
augmentation of my consequence; and a particular conversation some days afterwards
with the Count de Lemos swelled high the spring tide of all my ambitious
anticipations.
I waited on that nobleman from his uncle at the Prince of Spain's court, and
presented credentials from the duke, directing him to deal unreservedly with me, as
with a man who was embarked in their design and selected by himself exclusively as
their go- between. The count then took me to a room, where he locked the door, and
then spoke as follows: Since you are confidential with the Duke of Lerma, I doubt not

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you deserve to be so, and shall unbosom myself to you without hesitation. You are to
know that matters go on just as we could wish. The Prince of Spain distinguishes me
above the most assiduous of his courtiers. I had a private conversation with him this
morning, wherein he expressed some disgust at being restrained by the king's avarice
from following the inclinations of his liberal heart, and living on a scale befitting his
august rank. On this head I chimed in with his regrets; and taking advantage of the
opportunity, promised to carry him a thousand pistoles early to-morrow morning, as
an earnest of larger sums with which I have engaged to feed his necessities forthwith.
He was in ecstasy at my promises; and I am certain of securing his grace and favour in
tail, if I can but fulfil my engagement Acquaint my uncle with these particulars, and
come back in the evening with his sentiments on the subject.
I left the Count de Lemos with the last words still quivering on his lips, and
went back to the Duke of Lerma, who, on my report, sent to ask Calderona for a
thousand pistoles, which he charged me to carry to the count in the evening. Away
went I on my errand, muttering to myself -- So, so! now I have discovered the
minister's infallible receipt for the cure of all evils. Faith and troth, he is in the right;
and to all appearance he may draw as copiously as he pleases from the spring, without
exhausting the source. I can easily guess what bag those pistoles come from; but after
all, is it not the order of nature that the parent should nurture and maintain the child!
The Count de Lemos, at our parting, said to me in a low voice -- Farewell, my good
and worthy friend. The Prince of Spain has a little hankering after the women; we
must have a little conversation on that subject one of these days; I foresee that your
agency will be very applicable on that head. I returned with my head full of this last
hint, which it was impossible to misinterpret. Neither did I wish to do so, for it suited
my talents to a nicety. What the devil is to happen next? said I. Behold me on the
point of becoming pimp to the heir of the monarchy. Whether pimping was a virtue or
a vice, I did not stop to inquire: the coarse surtout of morality would have worn but
shabbily while the passions of so exalted a gallant were in the glare and glow of all
their newest gloss. What a promotion for me to be the provider of pleasure to a great
prince! Fair and softly, Master Gil Blas, some one may say: after all, you will be but
second minister. May be so; but at bottom the honour of both these posts is equal; the
difference lies in the profit only.
While executing these honourable commissions, and getting forward daily in
the good graces of the prime minister, what a happy being should I have been, if
statesmen were born with a set of intestines to turn the chameleon's diet into chyle! It
was more than two months since I had got rid of my grand lodging, and had taken up
my quarters in a little room scarcely good enough for a banker's clerk. Though this
was not quite as it should be, yet since I went out betimes in the morning, and never
returned at night before bed-time, there was not much to quarrel about on that score.
All day I was the hero of my own stage, or rather of the duke's. It was a principal part
that I was playing. But when I retired from this brilliant theatre to my own cockloft,
the great lord vanished, and poor Gil Blas was left behind, without a royal image in
his pocket, and what was worse, without the means of conjuring up his glorious
resemblance. Besides that it would have wounded my pride to have divulged my
necessities, there was not a creature of my acquaintance who could have assisted me
but Navarro, and him I had too palpably neglected since my introduction at court, to
venture on soliciting his benevolence. I had been obliged to sell my wardrobe article
by article. There was nothing more left than was absolutely necessary to make a
decent appearance. I no longer went to the ordinary, because I had no longer
wherewithal to pay my score. How then did I make shift to keep body and soul

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together? There was every morning, in our offices, a scanty breakfast set out,
consisting of a little bread and wine; this was the whole of our commons on the
minister's establishment. I never knew what it was to exceed this stint during the day,
and at night I most frequently went supperless to bed.
Such was the fare of a man who made a splendid figure at court; but his
illustrious fortunes, like those of other courtiers, were more a subject of pity than of
grudge. I could no longer resist the pressure of my circumstances, and ultimately
resolved on their disclosure at a seasonable opportunity. By good luck such an
occasion offered at the Escurial, whither the king and the Prince of Spain removed
some days afterwards.

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CH. VI. -- Gil Blas gives the Duke of Lerma a hint of his wretched condition.
That minister deals with him accordingly.
WHEN the king kept his court at the Escurial, all the world was at free
quarters: under such easy circumstances I did not feel where the saddle galled. My
bed was in a wardrobe near the duke's chamber. One morning that minister, having
got up according to his cursed custom at daybreak, made me take my writing
apparatus, and follow him into the palace gardens. We went and sat down under an
avenue of trees; myself, as he would have it, in the posture of a man writing on the
crown of his hat; his attitude was with a paper in his hand, and any one would have
supposed he had been reading. At some distance, we must have looked as if the scale
of Europe was to turn upon our decision; but between ourselves, who partook of it, the
talk was miserably trifling.
For more than an hour had I been tickling his excellency's fancy with all the
conceits, engendered by a merry nature and an eccentric course of life, when two
magpies perched on the trees above us. Their clack and clatter was so obstreperous, as
to force our attention whether we would or no. These birds, said the duke, seem to be
in dudgeon with one another. I should like to learn the cause of their quarrel. My lord,
said I, your curiosity reminds me of an Indian story in Pilpay or some other fabulist.
The minister insisted on the particulars, and I related them in the following terms:
There reigned in Persia a good monarch, who not being blessed with capacities
of sufficient compass to govern his dominions in his own person, left the care of them
to his grand vizier. That minister, whose name was Atalmuc, was possessed of first-
rate talents. He supported the weight of that unwieldy monarchy, without sinking
under the burden. He preserved it in profound peace. His art consisted in uniting the
love of the royal authority with the reverence of it; while the people at large looked up
to the vizier as to an affectionate father, though a devoted servant of his prince.
Atalmuc had a young Cachemirian among his secretaries, by name Zeangir, to whom
he was particularly attached. He took pleasure in his conversation, invited him
frequently to the chase, and opened to him his most secret thoughts. One day as they
were hunting together in a wood, the vizier, at the croaking of two ravens on a tree,
said to his secretary -- I should like to know what those birds are talking about in their
jargon. My lord, answered the Cachemirian, your wishes may be fulfilled. Indeed!
How so? replied Atalmuc. Because, rejoined Zeangir, a dervise read in many
mysteries, has taught me the language of birds. If you wish it, I will lay my ear close
to these, and will repeat to you word for word whatever they may happen to say.
The vizier agreed to the proposal. The Cachemirian got near the ravens, and
affected to suck in their discourse. Then, returning to his master, My lord, said he,
would you believe it? We are ourselves the topic of their talk. Impossible! exclaimed
the Persian minister. Prithee now, what do they say of us? One of the two, replied the
secretary, spoke thus: Here he is, the very man; the grand vizier Atalmuc, the guardian
eagle of Persia, hovering over her like the parent bird over its nest, watching without
intermission for the safety of its brood. For the purpose of unbending from his
wearisome toils, he is hunting in this wood with his faithful Zeangir. How happy must
that secretary be, to serve so partial and indulgent a master! Fair and softly, observed
the other raven shrewdly, fair and softly! Make not too much parade about that
Cachemirian's happiness. Atalmuc, it is true, talks and jokes familiarly with him,
honours him with his confidence, and may very possibly intend to signalize his
friendship by a lucrative post; but between the cup and the lip Zeangir may perish
with thirst. The poor devil lodges in a ready- furnished apartment, where there is not

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an article of furniture for his use. In a word, he leads a starving life, with all the
paraphernalia of a plump-fed courtier. The grand vizier never troubles his head about
inquiring into the right or wrong of his affairs; but satisfied with empty good wishes
towards him, leaves his favourite within the ruthless gripe of poverty.
I stopped here, to see how the Duke of Lerma would take it; and he asked me
with a smile what effect the fable had produced on the mind of Atalmuc; and whether
the grand vizier had not felt a little offended at the secretary's presumption. No, my
noble lord, answered I, with some little embarrassment at the question; historians say
that his ingenuity was amply rewarded. He was more lucky than discreet, replied the
duke with a serious air; there are some ministers who would esteem it no joke to be
lectured at that rate. But the king will not be long before he is getting up; my duty
demands my attendance. After this hint he walked off with hasty strides towards the
palace without throwing away a word more upon me, and to all appearance in high
dudgeon at my Indian parable.
I followed him up to the very door of his majesty's chamber, and went thence
to arrange my papers in the places whence they had been taken. Then I entered a
closet where our two copying secretaries were at work; for they also were of the
migratory party. What is the matter with you, Signor de Santillane? said they at the
sight of me. You are quite down in the mouth! Has anything untoward happened?
I was too much mortified at the ill success of my narrative, to be cautious in
the expression of my grief. On the recital of what had passed with the duke, they
sympathized in my disappointment You have some reason to fret, said one of them.
Heaven grant you may be better treated than a secretary of Cardinal Spinosa. This
unlucky secretary, tired of working for fifteen months without pay, took the liberty of
representing his necessities to his Eminence one afternoon, and of asking for a little
money towards his subsistence. It is very proper, said the minister, that you should be
paid. Here, pursued he, putting into his hands an order on the royal treasury for a
thousand ducats; go and receive that sum; but take notice at the same time that it
balances accounts between us. The secretary would have pocketed his thousand
ducats without remorse, had the thousand ducats been tangible, and the liberty of
changing services secure; but just as he stepped down from the cardinal's threshold, he
was tapped on the shoulder by an alguazil, and carried away to the tower of Segovia,
where he has been a prisoner for a length of lime.
This little historical anecdote set my teeth chattering. All was lost and gone!
There was no comfort from within nor from without! My own impatience had been
my ruin! just as if I had not borne starving, till patience could avail no longer. Alas!
said I, wherefore must I have blurted out that ill-starred fable, which went so much
against the grain of the minister? He might have been just on the point of extricating
me from all my miseries; it might have been the moment of that tide in the affairs of
men, which sets in for sudden and enormous elevation. What wealth, what honours
have slipped through the fingers by my blunder! I ought to have been aware that great
folks do not love to be forestalled, but require the common privileges of elementary
subsistence to be received as favours at their hands. It would have been more prudent
to have kept my lenten entertainment longer without bothering the duke about it, and
even to have died with hunger, that he might be blamed for letting me.
Supposing any hope to have remained, my master, when I saw him after
dinner, put an extinguisher over it at once. He was very serious with me, contrary to
his usual custom, and spoke scarcely at all; an omen of dire dismay for the remainder
of the evening. The night did not pass more tranquilly: the chagrin of seeing my

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agreeable illusions vanish, and the fear of swelling the calendar of state prisoners, left
no room but for sighs and lamentations.
The following was the critical day. The duke sent for me in the morning. I
went into his chamber, with the ague fit of a criminal before his judge. Santillane, said
he, showing me a paper in his hand, take this order . . . . I shuddered at the word order,
and said within myself: Oh heaven! here is the Cardinal Spinosa over again; the
carriage is ordered out for Segovia. Such was my alarm at this moment, that I
interrupted the minister, and throwing myself at his feet, May it please your lordship,
said I, bathed in tears, I most humbly beseech your excellency to forgive me for my
boldness; necessity alone impelled me to acquaint you with my wretched
circumstances.
The duke could not help laughing at my distress. Be comforted, Gil Blas,
answered he, and hearken attentively. Though by betraying your necessities a
reproach lights upon me for not having prevented them, I do not take it ill, my friend.
I rather ought to be angry with myself for not having inquired how you were going on.
But to begin making amends for my want of attention, there is an order on the royal
treasury for fifteen hundred ducats, payable at sight. This is not all; I promise you the
same sum annually; and moreover, when people of rank and substance shall solicit
your interest, I have no objection to your addressing me on their behalf.
In the excess of joy occasioned by such tidings, I kissed the feet of the
minister, who, having commanded me to rise, continued in familiar conversation. I
endeavoured to rally my free and easy humour; but the transition from sorrow to
rapture was too instantaneous to be natural. I felt as comical as a culprit, with a
pardon singing in his ears, just when he was on the point of being launched into
eternity. My master attributed all my flurry to the sole dread of having offended him;
though the fear of perpetual imprisonment had its share of influence on my nerves. He
owned that he had affected to look cool, to see whether I should be hurt at the
alteration; that thereby he formed his opinion with respect to the liveliness of my
attachment to his person, and that his own regard for me would always be
proportionate.

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CH. VII. -- A good use made of the fifteen hundred ducats. A first introduction
to the trade of office, and an account of the profit accruing therefrom.
THE king, as if on purpose to play into the hands of my impatience, returned
to Madrid the very next day. I flew like a harpy to the royal treasury, where they paid
me down upon the nail the sum drawn for in my order. Ambition and vanity now
obtained complete empire over my soul. My paltry lodging was fit only for secretaries
of an inferior cast, unpractised in the mysterious language of birds; for which reason,
my grand suite of apartments fortunately being vacant, I engaged them for the second
time. My next business was to send for an eminent tailor, who arrayed the pretty
persons of all the fine gentlemen in town. He took my measure, and then introduced
me to a draper, who sold me five ells of cloth, the exact quantity, as he said, to make a
suit for a man of my size. Five ells for a light Spanish dress! Whither did this draper
and tailor expect to go? . . . . But we must not be uncharitable. Tailors who have a
reputation to support require more materials for the exercise of their genius than the
vulgar snippers of the shopboard. I then bought some linen, of which I was very bare;
an assortment of silk stockings, and a laced hat.
With such an equipage, there was no doing without a footman; so that I
desired Vincent Ferrero, my landlord, to look out for one. Most of the foreigners who
were recommended to his lodgings, on their arrival at Madrid, were wont to hire
Spanish servants; and this was the means of turning his house into a register office.
The first who offered was a lad of so mortified and devotional an aspect, that I would
have nothing to say to him; he put me in mind of Ambrose de Lamela. I am quite out
of conceit, said I to Ferrero, with these pious coat-brushers; I have been taken in by
them already.
I had scarcely turned virtue in a livery out of doors, when another came
upstairs. This seemed to be a good sprightly fellow, with as little mock modesty as if
he had been bred at court, and a certain something about him which indicated that he
did not carry principle to any dangerous excess. He was just to my mind. His answers
to my questions were pat and to the purpose: he evinced a talent for intrigue beyond
my most sanguine hopes. This was exactly the subject for my purpose; so I fixed him
at once. Neither had I any reason to repent of my bargain; for it was very soon evident
that further off I must have fared worse. As the duke had allowed me to solicit on
behalf of my friends, and it was my design to push that permission to the utmost, a
staunch hound was necessary to put up the game; or in phrase familiar to dull
capacities, an active chap, with a turn for routing out and bringing to my market all
palm-tickling petitioners for the loaves and fishes of the prime minister. This was just
where Scipio shone most; for my servant's name was Scipio. He had lived last with
Donna Anna de Guevara, the Prince of Spain's nurse, where he had ample scope for
the exercise of that accomplishment.
As soon as he became acquainted with my credit at court and the use to which
I meant to put it, he took the field like his great ancestors, and began the campaign
without the loss of a day. Master, said he, a young gentleman of Grenada is just come
to Madrid; his name is Don Roger de Rada. He has been engaged in an affair of
honour which compels him to throw himself on the Duke of Lerma's protection, and
he is well disposed to come down handsomely for any grace and favour he may
obtain. I have talked with him on the subject. He had a mind to have made friends
with Don Rodrigo de Calderona, whose influence had been represented to him in
magnificent terms: but I dissuaded him, by pointing out that secretary's method of
selling his good offices for more than their weight in gold; whereas, on the contrary,

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you would be satisfied with any decent expression of gratitude for yours, and would
even do the business for the mere pleasure of doing it, if you were in circumstances to
follow the bent of your own generous and disinterested temper. In short, I talked to
him in such a strain, that you will see the gentleman early to-morrow morning. How is
all this, Master Scipio? said I. You must have transacted a great deal of business in a
short time. You are no novice in back-stairs influence. It is very strange that you have
not feathered your own nest. That ought not to surprise you at all, answered he. I love
to make money circulate; not to hoard it up.
Don Roger de Rada came according to his appointment. I received him with a
mixture of courtly plausibility and ministerial pride. My worthy sir, said I, before I
engage in your interests, I wish to know the nature of the affair which brings you to
court; because it may be such as to preclude me from speaking to the minister in your
favour. Give me, therefore, if you please, the particulars faithfully, and rest assured
that I shall enter warmly into your interests, if they are proper to be espoused by a
man who moves in my sphere. My young client promised to be sincere in his
representation, and began his narrative in the following words.

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CH. VIII. -- History of Don Roger de Rada.

DON ANASTASIO DE RADA, a gentleman of Grenada, was living happily
in the town of Antequera, with Donna Estephania his wife, who united every charm of
person and mind with the most unquestionable virtue. If her affection was lively
towards her husband, his love for her was violent beyond all bounds. He was naturally
prone to jealousy; and though wantonness could never assume such a semblance as
his wife's, his thoughts were not quite at rest upon the subject. He was apprehensive
lest some secret enemy to his repose might make some attempt upon his honour. His
eye was turned askance upon all his friends, except Don Huberto de Hordales, who
frequented the house without suspicion in quality of Estephania's cousin, and was the
only man in whom he ought not to have confided.
Don Huberto did actually fall in love with his cousin, and ventured to make his
sentiments known, in contempt of consanguinity and the ties of friendship. The lady,
who was considerate, instead of making an outcry which might have led to fatal
consequences, reproved her kinsman gently, represented to him the extreme
criminality of attempting to seduce her and dishonour her husband, and told him very
seriously that he must not flatter himself with the most distant hope.
This moderation only inflamed the seducer's appetite the more. Taking it for
granted that, as a woman who had been accustomed to save appearances, she only
wanted to be more strongly urged, he began to adopt little freedoms of more warmth
than delicacy; and had the assurance one day to put the question home to her. She
repulsed him with unbridled indignation, and threatened to refer the punishment of his
offence to Don Anastasio. Her suitor, alarmed at such an intimation, promised to drop
the subject; and Estephania in the candour of her soul forgave him for the past.
Don Huberto, a man totally devoid of principle, could not feel his passion to
be foiled, without entertaining a mean spirit of revenge. He knew the weak side of
Don Anastasio's temper. This was enough to engender the blackest design that ever
scoundrel plotted. One evening as he was walking alone with this misguided husband,
he said with an air of extreme uneasiness: My dear friend, I can no longer live without
unburdening my mind; and yet I would be for ever silent, but that you value honour
far above a treacherous repose. Your acute feelings and my own, on points which
concern domestic injuries, forbid me to conceal what is passing in your family.
Prepare to hear what will occasion you as much grief as astonishment. I am going to
wound you in the tenderest part.
I know what you mean, interrupted Don Anastasio, in the first bunt of agony;
your cousin is unfaithful. I no longer acknowledge her for my cousin, replied
Hordales with impassioned vehemence; I disown her, as unworthy to share my
friend's embraces. This is keeping me too long upon the rack, exclaimed Don
Anastasio: say on, what has Estephania done? She has betrayed you, replied Don
Huberto. You have a rival to whom she listens in private, but I cannot give you his
name; for the adulterer, under favour of impenetrable darkness, has escaped the ken of
those who watched him. All I know is, that you are duped: of that fact I am well
assured. My own share in the disgrace is a sufficient pledge of my veracity. Her
infidelity must be palpable indeed, when I turn Estephania's accuser.
It is to no purpose, continued he, watching the successful impression of his
discourse, it is to no purpose to discuss the subject further. I perceive your indignation
at the treacherous requital of your love, and your thoughts all aiming at a just revenge.
Take your own course. Heed not in what relation to you your victim may stand: but

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convince the whole city that there is no earthly being whom you would not sacrifice to
your honour.
Thus did the traitor exasperate a too credulous husband against an innocent
wife; depicting in such glowing colours the infamy in which he would be plunged if
he left the insult unpunished, as to heighten his anger into madness. Behold Don
Anastasio, with his mind completely overturned; as if goaded by the furies. He
returned homewards with the frantic design of murdering his ill- fated wife. She was
just going to bed when he came in. He kept his passion under for a time, and waited
till the attendants had withdrawn. Then, unrestrained by the fear of vengeance from
above, by the vulgar scorn which must recoil upon an honourable family, by natural
affection for his unborn child, since his wife was near her time, he approached his
victim, and said to her in a furious tone of voice: Now is your hour to die, wretch as
you are! One moment only is your own, which my relenting pity leaves you to make
your peace with heaven. I would not that your soul should perish eternally, though
your earthly honour is for ever lost.
At these words he drew his dagger. Estephania, just speechless with terror,
throwing herself at his feet, besought him with uplifted hands and inarticulate agony,
to tell her why he raised his arm against her life. If he suspected her fidelity, she
called heaven to attest her innocence.
In vain, in vain, replied the infuriated murderer; your treason is but too well
proved. My information is not to be contradicted: Don Huberto . . . . Ah! my lord,
interrupted she with eager haste, you must hold your trust aloof from Don Huberto.
He is less your friend than you imagine. If he has said aught against my virtue, believe
him not. Restrain that infamous tongue, replied Don Anastasio. By appealing against
Hordales, you condemn yourself. You would ruin your relation in my esteem, because
he is acquainted with your misconduct. You would invalidate his evidence against
you; but the artifice is palpable, and only whets my appetite for vengeance. My dear
husband, rejoined the innocent Estephania, while her tears flowed in torrents, beware
of this blind rage. If you follow its instigation, you will perpetrate a deed for which
you will hate yourself, when convinced of its injustice. In the name of heaven,
compose your disordered spirits. At least give me time to clear up your suspicions;
you will then deal candidly by a wife who has nothing to reproach herself with.
Any other than Don Anastasio would have been touched by her pleadings, and
still more by her agonizing affliction; but the barbarian, far from being softened,
ordered the lady once again to recommend herself briefly to mercy, and lifted his arm
to strike the blow. Hold, inhuman as you are! cried she. If your love for me is as if it
had never been, if my lavish fondness in return is all blotted from your memory, if my
tears have no eloquence to disarm your hellish purpose, have some pity on your own
blood. Launch not your frantic hand against an innocent, who has not yet breathed this
vital air. You cannot be its executioner without the curse of heaven and earth. As for
myself, I can forgive my murderer; but the butcher of his own child, think deeply of it,
must pay the dreadful forfeit of so detestable a deed.
Determined as Don Anastasio was to pay no attention to anything Estephania
could say, he could not help being affected by the frightful images these last words
presented to his soul. Wherefore, as if apprehensive lest nature should play the
traitress to revenge, he hastened to make sure of his staggering resolves, and plunged
his dagger into her bosom. She fell motionless on the ground. He thought her dead;
and on that supposition left his house immediately to be no more seen at Antequera.
In the mean time, the unhappy victim of groundless suspicion was so stunned
with the blow she had received, as to remain for a short interval on the ground without

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any signs of life. Afterwards, coming to herself, she brought an old female servant to
her assistance by her plaints and lamentations. That good old woman, beholding her
mistress in so deplorable a state, waked the whole household and even the
neighbourhood by her cries. The room was soon filled with spectators. Surgical
assistance was sent for. The wound was probed, and pronounced not to be mortal.
Their opinion turned out to be correct; for Estephania soon recovered, and was in due
time delivered of a son, not withstanding the cruel circumstances in which she had
been placed. That son, Signor Gil Blas, you behold in me: I am the fruit of that
dreadful pregnancy.
Women, when chaste as ice, when pure as snow, seldom escape calumny: this
plague, however, though virtue's dowry, did not alight upon my mother. The bloody
scene passed in common fame for the transport of a jealous husband. My father, it is
true, bore the character of a passionate man, prone to kindle into fury on the slightest
occasion. Hordales could not but suppose that his kinswoman must suspect him of
having sown wild fancies in the mind of Don Anastasio; so that he satisfied himself
with this imperfect relish of revenge, and ceased to importune her. But, not to be
tedious, I shall pass over the detail of my education. Suffice it to say, that my
principal exercise was fencing, which I practised regularly in the most famous schools
of Grenada and Seville. My mother waited with impatience till I was of age to
measure swords with Don Huberto, that she might instruct me in the grounds of her
complaint against him. In my eighteenth year she submitted her cause to my
arbitrement, not without floods of tears, and every symptom of the deepest anguish.
What must not a son feel, if he has the spirit and the heart of a son, at the sight of a
mother in such distressing circumstances? I went immediately and called out
Hordales; our place of meeting was private as it should be; we fought long and
furiously; three of my thrusts took place, and I threw him to the ground, like a dead
dog despised.
Don Huberto, feeling his wound to be mortal, fixed his last looks upon me,
and declared that he met his death at my hands as a just punishment for his treason
against my mother's honour. He owned that in revenge for the pangs of despised love
he had resolved on her ruin. Thus did he breathe his last, imploring pardon from
heaven, from Don Anastasio, from Estephania, and from myself. I deemed it
imprudent to return home and acquaint my mother of the issue; fame was sure to
perform that office for me I passed the mountains, and repaired to Malaga, where I
embarked on board a privateer. My outside not altogether indicating cowardice, the
captain consented at once to enrol me among his crew.
We were not long before we went into action. Near the island of Alboutan, a
corsair of Millila fell in with us, on his return towards the African coast with a
Spanish vessel richly laden, taken off Carthagena. We attacked the African briskly,
and made ourselves masters of both ships, with eighty Christians on board, going as
slaves to Barbary. Afterwards, availing ourselves of a wind direct for the coast of
Grenada, we shortly arrived at Punta de Helena.
While we were inquiring into the birth-place and condition of our rescued
captives, a man about fifty, of prepossessing aspect, fell under my examination. He
stated himself, with a sigh, to belong to Antequera. My heart palpitated, without my
knowing why; and my emotion, too strong to pass unnoticed, excited a visible
sympathy in him. I avowed myself his townsman, and asked his family name. Alas!
answered he, your curiosity makes my sorrow flow afresh. Eighteen years ago did I
leave my home, where my remembrance is coupled with scenes of blood and horror.
You must yourself have heard but too much of my story. My name is Don Anastasio

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de Rada. Merciful heaven! exclaimed I, may I believe my senses? And can this be
Don Anastasio? Father! What is it you say, young man? exclaimed he in his turn, with
surprise and agitation equal to my own. Are you that ill-fated infant, still in its
mother's womb, when I sacrificed her to my fury? Yes, said I; none other did the
virtuous Estephania bring into the world, after the fatal night when you left her
weltering in her own blood.
Don Anastasio stifled my words in his embraces. For a quarter of an hour we
could only mingle our inarticulate sighs and exclamations. After exhausting our
tender recollections, and indulging in the wild expression of our feelings, my father
lifted his eyes to heaven, in gratitude for Estephania saved; but the next moment, as if
doubtful of his bliss, he demanded by what evidence his wife's innocence had been
cleared. Sir, answered I, none but yourself ever doubted it. Her conduct has been
uniformly spotless. You must be undeceived. Know that Don Huberto was a traitor. In
proof of this I unfolded all his perfidy, the vengeance I had taken, and his own
confession before he expired.
My father was less delighted at his liberty restored than at these happy tidings.
In the forgetfulness of ecstacy, he repeated all his former transports. His approbation
of me was ardent and entire. Come, my son, said he, let us set out for Antequera. I
burn with impatience to throw myself at the feet of a wife whom I have treated so
unworthily. Since you have brought me acquainted with my own injustice, my heart
has been torn by remorse.
I was too eager to bring together a couple so near and dear to me, not to
expedite our journey as much as possible. I quitted the privateer, and with my share of
prize-money bought two mules at Adra, my father not choosing again to incur the
hazard of a voyage. He found leisure on the road to relate his adventures, which I
inclined to hear as seriously as did the Prince of Ithaca the various recitals of the king
his father. At length, after several days, we halted at the foot of a mountain near
Antequera. Wishing to reach home privately, we went not into the town till midnight.
You may guess my mother's astonishment at beholding a husband whom she
had thought for ever lost; and the almost miraculous circumstances of his restoration
were a second source of wonder. He entreated forgiveness for his barbarity with
marks of repentance so lively, that she could not but be moved. Instead of looking on
him as a murderer, she only saw the man to whose will high heaven had subjected her;
such religion is there in the name of husband to a virtuous wife! Estephania had been
so alarmed about me, that my return filled her with rapture. But her joy on this
account was not without alleviation. A sister of Hordales had instituted a criminal
prosecution against her brother's antagonist. The search for me was hot, so that my
mother, considering home as insecure, was painfully anxious about me. It was
therefore necessary to set out that very night for court, whither I come to solicit my
pardon, and hope to obtain it by your generous intercession with the prime minister.
The gallant son of Don Anastasio thus closed his narrative; after which I
observed, with a self-sufficient physiognomy: It is well, Signor Don Roger; the
offence seems to me to be venial. I will undertake to lay the case before his
excellency, and may venture to promise you his protection. The thanks my client
lavished would have passed in at one ear and out at the other, if they had not been
backed by assurances of more substantial gratitude. But when once that string was
touched, every nerve and fibre of my frame vibrated in unison. On the very same day
did I relate the whole story to the duke, who allowed me to present the gentleman, and
addressed him thus: Don Roger, I have been informed of the duel which has brought
you to court; Santillane has laid all the particulars before me. Make yourself perfectly

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easy: you have done nothing but what the circumstances of the case might almost
warrant; and it is especially on the ground of wounded honour, that his Majesty is best
pleased to extend his grace and favour. You must be committed for mere form's sake;
but you may depend on it, your confinement shall be of short duration. In Santillane
you have a zealous friend, who will watch over your interests, and hasten your
release.
Don Roger paid his respectful acknowledgments to the minister, on whose
pledge he went and surrendered himself His pardon was soon made out, owing to my
activity. In less than ten days, I sent this modern Telemachus home, to say "how do
you do?" to his Ulysses and Penelope; had he stood upon the merits of his case
without a protector, he might have whined out a year's imprisonment, and scarcely
have got off at last. My commission was but a poor hundred pistoles. It was no very
magnificent haul; but I was not as yet a Calderona, to turn up my nose at the small fry.

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CH. IX. -- Gil Blas makes a large fortune in a short time, and behaves like other
wealthy upstarts.
THIS affair gave me a relish for my trade; and ten pistoles to Scipio by way of
brokerage, whetted his eagerness to start more game of the same sort. I have already
done justice to his talents that way; he might as modestly have appended "the great" to
the tail of his name, as the most noted scoundrel of antiquity. The second customer he
brought me was a printer, who manufactured books of chivalry, and had made his
fortune by waging war against common sense. This printer had pirated a work
belonging to a brother printer, and his edition had been seized. For three hundred
ducats I rescued his copies out of jeopardy, and saved him from a heavy fine. Though
this was a transaction beneath the prime minister's notice, his excellency
condescended at my request to interpose his authority. After the printer, a merchant
passed through my hands; the occasion was thus: A Portuguese vessel had been taken
by a Barbary corsair, and re-taken by a privateer from Cadiz. Two-thirds of the cargo
belonged to a merchant at Lisbon, who, having claimed his due to no purpose, came
to the court of Spain in search of a protector, with sufficient credit to procure him
restitution. I took up his cause, and he recovered his property, deducting the sum of
four hundred pistoles, paid to me in consideration of my disinterested zeal for justice.
And now most surely the reader will call out to me at this place: Well said,
good master Santillane! Make hay while the sun shines. You are on the high road to
fortune; push forward, and outstrip your rivals. Oh! let me alone for that. I spy, or my
eyes deceive me, my servant coming in with a new gull that he has just caught. Even
so! It is my very Scipio. Let us hear what he has to say. Sir, quoth he, give me leave to
introduce this eminent practitioner. He wants a licence to sell his drugs during the
term of ten years in all the towns of the Spanish monarchy, to the exclusion of all
other quacks; in short, a monopoly of poisons. In gratitude for this patent to thin
mankind, he will present the donor with a gratuity of two hundred pistoles. I looked
superciliously, like a patron, at the mountebank, and told him that his business should
be done. As lameness and leprosy would have it, in the course of a few days I sent
him on his progress through Spain, invested with full powers to make the world his
oyster, and leave nothing but the shell to his unpatented competitors.
Besides that my avarice outran my accumulating wealth, I had obtained the
four boons just specified so easily from his grace, as not to be mealy mouthed about
asking for a fifth. The town of Vera, on the coast of Grenada, wanted a governor; and
a knight of Calatrava wanted the government, for which he was willing to pay me one
thousand pistoles. The minister was ready to burst with laughing, to see me so eager
after the scut. By all the powers! my friend Gil Blas, said he, you go to work tooth and
nail! You have a most inveterate itch to do as you would be done by. But mark me!
When mere trifles stand between us, I shall not stand upon trifles; but when
governments or other places of real value are in question, you will have the modesty
to be content with half the fee for yourself and will account to me for the other half. It
is inconceivable at what expense I stand, and how it presses on my finances to support
the dignity of my station; for though disinterestedness looks vastly well in the eyes of
the world, you are to understand between ourselves that I have made a solemn vow
against dipping into my private fortune. On this hint, arrange your future plans.
My master, by this discourse, relieving me from the fear of being troublesome,
or rather egging me on to run at the ring for every prize, made me still more worldly-
minded than ever I had been before. I should not have objected to circulating hand-
bills, with an invitation to all candidates for places to apply on certain terms at the

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secretary's office. My functions were here, Scipio's were there; and we met at the
receipt of custom. My client got the government of Vera for his thousand pistoles; and
as our price was fixed, a knight of St James met his brother of Calatrava in the market
on an equal footing. But mere governors were paltry fish to fry; I distributed orders of
knighthood, and converted some good stupid burgesses into most insufferable gentry
by one stroke of the pen, and a lacing across the shoulders with a broad-sword. The
clergy, too, were not forgotten in my charities. Lesser preferments were in my gift;
everything up to prebendal stalls and collegiate dignities. With regard to bishoprics
and archbishoprics, Don Rodrigo de Calderona had the charge of our holy religion. As
church and state must always go together, supreme magistracies, commanderies, and
viceroyalties were all in his gift; whence the reader will naturally infer, that the upper
offices were little better tenanted than the lower ones; since the subjects on whom our
election fell, establishing their pretensions on a certain palpable criterion, were not
necessarily and unavoidably either the cleverest or the best- principled people in the
world. We knew very well that the wits and lampooners of Madrid made themselves
merry at our expense; but we borrowed our philosophy from misers, who hug
themselves under the hootings of the people, when they count over the accumulation
of their pelf.
Isocrates was in the right to insinuate, in his elegant Greek expression, that
what is got over the devil's back is spent under his belly. When I saw myself master of
thirty thousand ducats, and in a fair way to gain perhaps ten times as much, it seemed
to be a necessary of office to make such a figure as became the right hand of a prime
minister. I took a house to myself, and furnished it in the immediate taste. I bought an
attorney's carriage at second hand: he had set it up at the suggestion of vanity, and laid
it down at the suggestion of his banker. I hired a coachman and three footmen. Justice
demands that old and faithful servants should be promoted; I therefore invested Scipio
with the threefold honour of valet-de-chambre, private secretary, and steward. But the
minister raised my pride to its highest pitch, for he was pleased to allow my people to
wear his livery. My poor little wits were now completely turned. I was little more in
my senses than the disciples of Porcius Latro, who, by dint of drinking cummin,
having made themselves as pale as their master, thought themselves every whit as
learned; so I could scarcely refrain from fancying myself next of kin and presumptive
heir to the Duke of Lerma himself. The populace might take me for his cousin, and
people who knew better, for one of his bastards; a suspicion most flattering to my
pride of blood.
Add to this, that after the example of his excellency, who kept a public table, I
determined to give parties of my own. Pursuant thereunto, I commissioned Scipio to
find me out a professed cook, and he stumbled upon one who might have dished up a
dinner for Nomentanus, of dripping-pan notoriety. My cellar was well stored with the
choicest wines. My establishment being now complete, I gave my house-warming.
Every evening some of the clerks in the public offices came to sup with me, and
affected a sort of political high life be low-stairs. I did the honours hospitably, and
always sent them home half seas over. Like master like man! Scipio, too, had his
parties in the servants' hall, where he treated all his chums at my expense. But besides
that I felt a real kindness for that lad, he contributed to grease the wheels of my
establishment, and was entitled to have a finger in the dissipation. As a young man,
some little licence was allowable; and the ruinous consequences did not strike me at
the time. Another reason, too, prevented me from taking notice of it; incessant
vacancies, ecclesiastical and secular, paid me amply in meal and in malt. My surplus

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was increasing every day. Fortune's curricle seemed to have driven to my door, there
to have broken down, and the driver to have taken shelter with me.
One thing more was wanting to my complete intoxication, that Fabricio might
be witness to my pomp. He was most probably come back from Andalusia. For the
fun of surprising him, I sent an anonymous note, importing that a Sicilian nobleman
of his acquaintance would be glad of his company to supper, with the day, hour, and
place of appointment, which was at my house. Nunez came, and was most
inordinately astonished to recognize me in the Sicilian nobleman. Yes, my friend, said
I, behold the master of this family. I have a retinue, a good table, and a strong box
besides. Is it possible, exclaimed he with vivacity, that all this opulence should be
yours? It was well done in me to have placed you with Count Galiano. I told you
beforehand that he was a generous nobleman, and would not be long before he set you
at your ease. Of course you followed my wise advice, in giving the rein a little more
freely to your servants; you find the benefit of it. It is only by a little mutual
accommodation, that the principal officers in great houses feather their nests so
comfortably.
I suffered Fabricio to go on as long as he liked, complimenting himself for
having introduced me to Count Galiano. When he had done, to chastise his ecstasies
at having procured me so good a post, I stated at full length the returns of gratitude
with which that nobleman had recompensed my services. But, perceiving how ready
my poet was to string his lyre to satire at my recital, I said to him -- The Sicilian's
contemptible conduct I readily forgive. Between ourselves, it is more a subject of
congratulation than of regret. If the count had dealt honourably by me, I should have
followed him into Sicily, where I should still be in a subordinate capacity, waiting for
dead men's shoes. In a word, I should not now have been hand in glove with the Duke
of Lerma.
Nunez felt so strange a sensation at these last words, that he was tongue-tied
for some seconds. Then gulping. up his stammering accents like harlequin, Did I hear
aright? said he. What! you hand in glove with the prime minister. I on one side, and
Don Rodrigo de Calderona on the other, answered I; and according to all appearance,
my fortunes will move higher. Truly, replied he, this is admirable. You are cut out for
every occasion. What an universal genius! To borrow an expression from the tennis-
court, you have a racket for every ball; nothing comes amiss to you. At all events, my
lord, I am sincerely rejoiced at your lordship's prosperity. The deuce and all, Master
Nunez! interrupted I; good now, dispense with your lords and lordships. Let us banish
such formalities, and live on equal terms together. You are in the right, replied he;
altered circumstances should not make strange faces. I will own my weakness; when
you announced your elevation you took away my breath; but the chill and the shudder
are over, and I see only my old friend Gil Blas.
Our conversation was interrupted by the arrival of four or five clerks.
Gentlemen, said I, introducing Nunez, you are to sup with Signor Don Fabricio, who
writes verses of impenetrable sublimity, and such prose as would not know itself in
the glass. Unluckily I was talking to gentry who would have had more fellow-feeling
with an Oran Outang than with a poet They scarcely condescended to look at him. In
vain did he pun, parody, rally, or rail to hit their fancies, for they had none. He was so
nettled at their indifference, that he assumed the poetic licence, and made his escape.
Our clerks never missed him, but forgot at once that he had been there.
Just as I was going out the next morning, the poet of the Asturias came into
my room. I beg pardon, said he, for having cut your clerks so abruptly last night; but,
to deal freely, I was so much out of my element, that I should soon have played old

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chaos with them. Proud puppies, with their starch and self-important air! I cannot
conceive how a clever fellow like you can sit it out with such loutish guests. To-day I
will bring you some of more life and spirit. I shall be very much obliged to you,
answered I; your introduction is sufficient. Exactly so, replied he. You shall have the
feast of reason and the flow of soul. I will go forthwith and invite them, for fear they
should engage themselves elsewhere; for happy man be his dole who can get them to
dinner or supper; they are such excellent company!
Away went he; and in the evening, at supper-time, returned with six authors in
his train, whom he presented one after another with a set speech in their praise.
According to his account, the wits of Greece and Italy were nothing in comparison of
these, whose works ought to be printed in letters of gold. I received this deputation
from the tuneful sisters very politely. My behaviour was even in the extravagance of
good breeding; for the republic of authors is a little monarchical in its demands upon
our flattery. Though I had given Scipio no express direction respecting the number of
covers at this entertainment, yet knowing what a hungry and voluptnous race were to
be crammed, he had mustered the courses in more than their full complement.
At length supper was announced, and we fell to merrily. My poets began
talking of their poems and themselves. One fellow, with the most lyrical assurance,
numbered up whole hosts of first-rate nobility and high-flying dames, who were quite
enraptured with his muse. Another, though it was not for him to arraign the choice
which a learned society had lately made of two new members, could not help saying
that it was strange they should not have elected him. All the rest were much in the
same story. Amid the clatter of knives and forks, my ears were more discordantly
dinned with verses and harangues. They each took it by turns to give me a specimen
of their composition. One languishes out a sonnet; another mouths a scene in a
tragedy; and a third reads a melancholy criticism on the province of comedy. The next
in turn spouts an ode of Anacreon, translated into most un-anacreontic Spanish verse.
One of his brethren interrupts him, to point out the unclassical use of a particular
phrase. The author of the version by no means acquiesces in the remark; hence arises
an argument, in which all the literati take one side or the other. Opinions are nearly
balanced; the disputants are nearly in a passion; as argument weakens, invective
grows stronger; they get from bad to worse; over goes the table, and up jump they to
fisty-cuffs. Fabricio, Scipio, my coachman, my footman, and myself, have scarcely
lungs or strength to bring them to their senses. The moment the battle was over, off
scampered they as if my house had been a tavern, without the slightest apology for
their ill behaviour.
Nunez, on whose word I had anticipated a very pleasant party, looked rather
blue at this conclusion. Well, my friend, said I, what do you think of your literary
acquaintance now? As sure as Apollo is on Parnassus, you brought me a most
blackguard set. I will stick to my clerks; so talk no more to me about authors. I shall
take care, answered he, not to invite any of them to a gentleman's house again; for
these are the most select and well- mannered of the tribe.

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CH. X. -- The morals of Gil Blas become at court much as if they had never been
at all. A commission from the Count de Lemos, which, like most court
commissions, implies an intrigue.
WHEN once my name was up for a man after the Duke of Lerma's own heart,
I had very soon my court about me. Every morning was my ante-chamber crowded
with company, and my levees were all the fashion. Two sorts of customers came to
my shop; one set, to engage my interposition with the minister, on fair commercial
principles; the other set, to excite my compassion by pathetic statements of their
cases, and give me a lift to heaven on the packhorse of charity. The first were sure of
being heard patiently and served diligently; with regard to the second order, I got rid
of them at once by plausible evasions, or kept them dangling till they wore their
patience threadbare, and went off in a huff. Before I was about the court my nature
was compassionate and charitable; but tenderness of heart is an unfashionable frailty
there, and mine became harder than any flint. Here was an admirable school to correct
the romantic sensibilities of friendship: nor was my philosophy any longer assailable
in that quarter. My manner of dealing with Joseph Navarro, under the following
circumstances, will prove more than volumes on that head.
This Navarro, the founder of my fortune, to whom my obligations were thick
and threefold, paid me a visit one day. With the warmest expressions of regard such as
he was in the habit of lavishing, he begged me to ask the Duke of Lerma for a certain
situation for one of his friends, a young man of excellent qualities and undoubted
merit, but incumbered with an inability of getting on in the world. I am well assured,
added Joseph, that with your good and obliging disposition, you will be enraptured to
confer a favour on a worthy man with a very slender purse; I am sure you will feel
obliged to me for giving you an opportunity of carrying your benevolent inclinations
into effect This was just as good as telling me that the business was to be done for
nothing. Though such doctrine was not quite level to my capacity, I still affected a
wish to do as he desired. It gives me infinite pleasure, answered I to Navarro, to have
it in my power to evince my lively sense of all your former kindness to me. It is
enough for you to take any man living by the hand; from that moment he becomes the
object of my unwearied care. Your friend shall have the situation you want for him;
nay, he has it already: it is no longer any concern of yours; leave it entirely to me.
On this assurance Joseph went away in high glee; nevertheless, the person he
recommended had not the post in question. It was given to another man, and my
strong box was the stronger by a thousand ducats. This sum was infinitely preferable
to all the thanks in the world, so that I looked pitifully blank when next we met,
saying -- Ah, my dear Navarro! you should have thought of speaking to me sooner.
That Calderona got the start of me; he has given away a certain thing that shall be
nameless. I am vexed to the soul not to meet you with better tidings.
Joseph was fool enough to give me credit, and we parted better friends than
ever; but I suspect that he soon found out the truth, for he never came near me again.
This was just what I wanted. Besides that the memory of benefits received grated
harshly, it would not have been at all the thing for a person in my then sphere to keep
company with a certain description of people.
The Count de Lemos has been long in the background, let us bring him a little
forwarder on the canvas. We met occasionally. I had carried him a thousand pistoles,
as the reader will recollect; and I now carried him a thousand more, by order of his
uncle the duke, out of his excellency's funds lying in my hands. On this occasion the
Count de Lemos honoured me with a long conference. He informed me that at length

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he had completely gained his end, and was in unrivalled possession of the Prince of
Spain's good graces, whose sole confidant he was. His next concern was to invest me
with a right honourable commission, of which he had already given me a hint. Friend
Santillane, said he, now is the time to strike while the iron is hot. Spare no pains to
find out some young beauty, worthy to while away the prince's amorous hours. You
have your wits about you; and a word to the wise is sufficient. Go; run about the
town; pry into every hole and corner; and when you have pounced upon anything
likely to suit, you will come and let me know. I promised the count to leave no stone
unturned in the due discharge of my employment, which seemed to require no great
force of genius, since the professors of the science are so numerous.
I had not hitherto been much practised in such delicate investigations, but it
was more than probable that Scipio had, and that his talent lay peculiarly that way. On
my return home I called him in, and spoke thus to him in private: My good fellow, I
have a very important secret to impart. Do you know that in the midst of fortune's
favours, there is something still wanting to crown all my wishes? I can easily guess
what that is, interrupted he, without giving me time to finish what I was going to say;
you want a little snug bit of contraband amusement, to keep you awake of evenings,
and rub off the dust of business. And, in fact, it is a marvellous thing that you should
have played the Joseph in the heyday of your blood, when so many greybeards around
you are playing the Elder. I admire the quickness of your apprehension, replied I with
a smile. Yes, my friend, a mistress is that something still wanting; and you shall
choose for me. But I forewarn you that I am nice hungry, and must have a pretty
person, with more than passable manners. The sort of thing that you require, returned
Scipio, is not always to be met with in the market. Yet, as luck will have it, we are in
a town where everything is to be got for money, and I am in hopes that your
commission will not hang long on hand.
Accordingly within three days he pulled me by the sleeve: I have discovered a
treasure! a young lady whose name is Catalina, of good family and matchless beauty,
living with her aunt in a small house, where they make both ends meet by clubbing
their little matters, and set the slanderous world at defiance. Their waiting- maid, a
girl of my acquaintance, has given me to understand that their door, though barred
against all impertinent intruders, would turn upon its hinges to a rich and generous
suitor, if he would only consent, for fear of prying neighbours, not to pay his visits till
after night-fall, and then in the most private manner possible. Hereupon I magnified
you as the properest gentleman in the world, and intreated piety in pattens to offer
your humble services to the ladies. She promised to do so, and to bring me back my
answer to-morrow morning at an appointed place. That is all very well, answered I;
but I am afraid your goddess of bed- making has been running her rig upon you. No,
no, replied he, old birds are not to be caught with chaff; I have already made inquiry
in the neighbourhood, and by the general report of her, Signora Catalina is a second
Danae, on whom you will have the happiness of coming down,
Like Jove descending from his tower, To court her in a silver shower.
Out of conceit as I was with the intrinsic value of ladies' favours, this was not
to be scoffed at; and as our Mercury in petticoats came the next day to tell Scipio that
it only depended on me to be introduced that very evening, I dropped in between
eleven and twelve o'clock. The knowing one received me without bringing a candle,
and led me by the hand into a very neat apartment, where the two ladies were sitting
on a satin sofa, dressed in the most elegant taste. As soon as they saw me enter, they
got up and welcomed me in a style of such superior breeding, as would not have
disgraced the highest rank. The aunt, whose name was Signora Mencia, though with

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the remains of beauty, had no attractions for me. But the niece had a million, for she
was a goddess in mortal form. And yet, to examine her critically, she could not have
been admitted for a perfect beauty; but then there was a charm above all rules of
symmetry, with a tingling and luxurious warmth about her, that seized on men's hearts
through their eyes, and prevented their brains from being too busy.
Neither were my senses proof against so dazzling a display. I forgot my errand
as proxy, and spoke on my own private individual account, with the enthusiasm of a
raw recruit in the tender passion. The dear little creature, whose wit sounded in my
ears with three times its actual acuteness, under favour of her natural endowments,
made a complete conquest of me by her prattle. I began to launch out into foolish
raptures, when the aunt, to bring me to my bearings, led the conversation to the point
in hand: Signor de Santillane, I shall deal very explicitly with you. On the high
encomiums I have heard of your character, you have been admitted here, without the
affectation of making much ado about trifles: but do not imagine that your views are
the nearer their termination for that. Hitherto I have brought my niece up in
retirement, and you are, as it were, the very first male creature on whom she has ever
set eyes. If you deem her worthy of being your wife, I shall feel myself highly
honoured by the alliance: it is for you to consider whether those terms suit you; but
you cannot have her on cheaper.
This was proceeding to business with a vengeance! It put little Cupid to flight
at once: or else he was just going to try one of his sharpest arrows upon me. But a
truce with the Pantheon! A marriage so bluntly proposed dispelled the fairy vision: I
sunk back at once into the count's plodding agent; and changing my tone, answered
Signora Mencia thus: Madam, your frankness delights me, and I will meet it half-way.
Whatever rank I may hold at court, lower than the highest is too low for the peerless
Catalina. A far more brilliant offer waits her acceptance; the Prince of Spain shall be
thrown into her toils. Surely it was enough to have refused my niece, replied the aunt
sarcastically; such compliments are sufficiently unpleasing to our sex; it could not be
necessary to make us your unfeeling sport. I really am not in so merry a mood,
madam! exclaimed I: it is a plain matter of fact; I am commissioned to look out for a
young lady of merit sufficient to engage the prince's heart, and receive his private
visits; the object of my search is in your house, and here his royal highness shall fix
his quarters.
Signora Mencia could scarcely believe her cars; neither were they grievously
offended. Nevertheless, thinking it decent to be startled at the immorality of the
proceeding, she replied to the following effect: Though I should give implicit credit to
what you tell me, you must understand that I am not of a character to take pleasure in
the infamous distinction of seeing my niece a prince's concubine. Every feeling of
virtue and of honour revolts at the idea . . . . What a simpleton you are with your
virtue and honour! interrupted I. You have not a notion above the level of a
tradesman's wife. Was there ever anything so stupid as to consider affairs of this kind
with a view to their moral tendency? It is stripping them of all their beauty and
excellence. In the magic lanthorn of plenty, pleasure, and preferment, they appear
with all their brightest gloss. Figure to yourself the heir to the monarchy at the happy
Catalina's feet; fancy him all rapture and lavish bounty; nor doubt but that from her
shall spring a hero, who shall immortalize his mother's name, by enrolling his own in
the unperishable records of eternal fame.
Though the aunt desired no better sport than to take me at my word, she
affected not to know what she had best do; and Catalina, who longed to have a
grapple with the Prince of Spain, affected not to care about the matter; which made it

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necessary for me to press the siege closer; till at length Signora Mencia, finding me
chop-fallen and ready to withdraw my forces, sounded a parley, and agreed to a
convention, containing the two following articles. Imprimis, if the Prince of Spain, on
the fame of Catalina's charms, should take fire, and determine to pay her a nightly
visit, it should be my care to let the ladies know when they might expect him.
Secondo, that the prince should be introduced to the said ladies as a private
gentleman, accompanied only by himself and his principal purveyor.
After this capitulation, the aunt and niece were upon the best terms possible
with me: they behaved as if we had known one another from our cradles; on the
strength of which I ventured on some little familiarities, which were not taken at all
unkindly; and when we parted, they embraced me of their own accord, and slabbered
me over with inexpressible fondness. It is marvellous to think with what facility a
tender connection is formed between persons in the same line of trade, but of opposite
sexes. It might have been suspected by an eye-witness of my departure, in all the
plenitude of warm and repeated salutation, that my visit had been more successful
than it was.
The Count de Lemos was highly delighted when I announced the long-
expected discovery. I spoke of Catalina in terms which made him long to see her. The
following night I took him to her house, and he owned that I had beat the bush to
some purpose. He told the ladies, he had no doubt but the Prince of Spain would be
fully satisfied with my choice of a mistress, who, on her part, would have reason to be
well pleased with such a lover; that the young prince was generous, good-tempered,
and amiable; in short, he promised in a few days to bring him in the mode they
enjoined, without retinue or publicity. That nobleman then took leave of them, and I
withdrew with him. We got into his carriage, in which we had both driven thither, and
which was waiting at the end of the street. He set me down at my own door, with a
special charge to inform his uncle next day of the new game started, not forgetting to
impress strongly how conducive a good bag of pistoles would be to the successful
accomplishment of the adventure.
I did not fail on the following morning to go and give the Duke of Lerma an
exact account of all that had passed. There was but one thing kept back. I did not
mention Scipio's name, but took credit to myself for the discovery of Catalina. One
makes a merit of any dirty work in the service of the great.
Abundant were the compliments paid me on this occasion. My good friend Gil
Blas, said the minister with a bantering air, I am delighted that with all your talents
you have that besides of discovering kind-hearted beauties; whenever I have occasion
for such an article, you will have the goodness to supply me. My lord, answered I with
mock gravity like his own, you are very obliging to give me the preference; but it may
not he unseasonable to observe that there would be an indelicacy in my administering
to your excellency's pleasures of this description. Signor Don Rodrigo has been so
long in possession of that post about your person, that it would be manifest injustice
to rob him of it. The duke smiled at my answer; and then changing the subject, asked
whether his nephew did not want money for this new speculation. Excuse my
negligence! said I; he will thank you to send him a thousand pistoles. Well and good!
replied the minister; you will furnish him accordingly, with my strict injunction not to
be niggardly, but to encourage the prince in whatever pleasurable expenses his heart
may prompt him to indulge.

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CH. XI. -- The Prince of Spain's secret visit, and presents to Catalina.
I WENT to the Count de Lemos on the spur of the occasion, with five hundred
double pistoles in my hand. You could not have come at a better time, said that
nobleman. I have been talking with the prince; he has taken the bait, and burns with
impatience to see Catalina. This very night he intends to slip privately out of the
palace, and pay her a visit; it is a measure determined on, and our arrangements are
already made. Give notice to the ladies, through the medium of the cash you have just
brought; it is proper to let them know they have no ordinary lover to receive; and a
matter of course that generosity in princes should be the herald of their partialities. As
you will be of our party, take care to be in the way at bed-time: and as your carriage
will be wanted, let it wait near the palace about midnight.
I immediately repaired to the ladies. Catalina was not visible, having just gone
to lie down. I could only speak with Signora Mencia. Madam, said I, forgive my
appearance here in the day- time, but there was no avoiding it; you must know that the
Prince of Spain will be with you to-night; and here, added I, putting my pecuniary
credentials into her hand, here is an offering which he lays on the Cytherean shrine, to
propitiate the divinities of the temple. You may perceive, I have not entangled you in
a sleeveless concern. You have been excessively kind indeed, answered she; but tell
me, Signor de Santillane, does the prince love music? To distraction, replied I. There
is nothing he so much delights in as a fine voice, with a delicate lute accompaniment
So much the better, exclaimed she in a transport of joy; you give me great pleasure by
saying so; for my niece has the pipe of a nightingale, and plays exquisitely on the lute:
then her dancing is in the finest style! Heavens and earth! exclaimed I in my turn, here
are accomplishments by wholesale, aunt; more than enough to make any girl's
fortune! Any one of those talents would have been a sufficient dowry.
Having thus smoothed his reception, I waited for the prince's bed-time. When
it was near at hand, I gave my coachman his orders, and went to the Count de Lemos,
who told me that the prince, the sooner to get rid of the people about him, meant to
feign a slight indisposition, and even to go to bed, the better to cajole his attendants;
but that he would get up an hour afterwards, and go through a private door to a back
staircase leading into the court-yard.
Conformably with their previous arrangements, he fixed my station. There had
I to beat the hoof so long, that I began to suspect our forward sprig of royalty had
gone another way, or else had changed his mind about Catalina; just as if princes ever
began to be fickle, till the goad of novelty and curiosity began to be blunted. In short,
I thought they had forgotten me, when two men came up. Finding them to be my
party, I led the way to my carriage, into which they both got, and I upon the coach-
box to direct the driver, whom I stopped fifty yards from the house, whither we
walked. The door opened at our approach, and shut again as soon as we got in.
At first we were in absolute darkness, as on my former visit, though a small
lamp was fixed to the wall on the present occasion. But the light which it shed was so
faint, as only to render itself visible without assisting us. All this served only to
heighten the romance in the fancy of its hero, fixed as he was in steadfast gaze at the
sight of the ladies as they received him in a saloon whose brilliant illumination was
more dazzling, when contrasted with the gloom of the avenue. The aunt and niece
were in a tempting undress, where the science of coquetry was displayed in all its
luxury and absolute sway. Our prince could have been happy with Signora Mencia,
had the dear charmer Catalina been away; but as there was a choice, the younger,
according to the rules of precedency in the court of Cupid, had the preference.

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Well! prince, said the Count de Lemos, could you have desired a better
specimen of beauty? They are both enchanting, answered the prince, and my heart
may as well surrender at once; for the aunt would arrest it in its flight, if it attempted
to sound a retreat from the niece's all-subduing charms.
After such compliments, as do not fall by wholesale to the share of aunts, he
addressed his choicest terms of flattery to Catalina, who answered him in kind. As
convenient personages of my stamp are allowed to mingle in the conversation of
lovers, for the purpose of making fire hotter, I introduced the subject of singing and
playing on the lute. This was the signal of fresh rapture! and the nymph, the muse, the
anything but mortal, was supplicated to outtune the jingle of the spheres. She
complied like a good-humoured goddess; played some tender airs, and sung so
deliciously, that the prince flopped down on his knees in a tumult of love and
pleasure. But scenes like these are vapid in description: suffice it to say that hours
glided away like moments in this sweet delirium, till the approach of day warned the
sober plotters of the lunacy to provide for their patient's safety, and their own. When
the parties were all snugly housed, we gave ourselves as much credit for the
negotiation as if we had patched up a marriage with a princess.
The next morning the Duke of Lerma desired to know all the particulars. Just
as I had finished relating them, the Count de Lemos came in and said -- The Prince of
Spain is so engrossed by Catalina; he has taken so decided a fancy to her, that he
actually proposes to be constant. He wanted to have sent her jewels to the amount of
two thousand pistoles to-day, but his finances wee aground. My dear Lemos, said he,
addressing himself to me, you must absolutely get me that sum. I know it is very
inconvenient; you have pawned your credit for me already, but my heart owns itself
your debtor; and if ever I have the means of returning your kindness by more than
empty words, your fortunes shall not suffer by your complaisance. In answer, I
assured him that I had friends and credit, and promised to bring him what he wanted.
There is no difficulty about that, said the duke to his nephew. Santillane will
bring you the money; or, to save trouble, he may purchase the jewels, for he is an
admirable judge, especially of rubies. Are you not, Gil Blas? This stroke of satire was
of course designed to entertain the count at my expense, and it was successful, for his
curiosity could not but be excited to know the meaning of the mystery. No mystery at
all, replied his uncle with a broad laugh. Only Santillane took it into his head one day
to exchange a diamond for a ruby, and the barter operated equally to the advantage of
his pocket and his penetration.
Had the minister stopped there, I should have come off cheaply; but he took
the trouble of dressing out in aggravated colours the trick that Camilla and Don
Raphael played me, with a most provoking enlargement of the circumstances most to
the disadvantage of my sagacity. His excellency having enjoyed his joke, ordered me
to attend the Count de Lemos to a jeweller's, where we selected trinkets for the Prince
of Spain's inspection, and they were intrusted to my care to be delivered to Catalina.
There can be little doubt of my kind reception on the following night, when I
displayed a fine pair of drop ear-rings, as the presents of my embassy. The two ladies,
out of their wits at these costly tokens of the prince's love, suffered their tongues to
run into a gossiping strain, while they were thanking me for introducing them into
such worshipful society. In the excess of their joy, they forgot themselves a little.
There escaped now and then certain peculiar idioms of speech, which made me
suspect that the party in question was no such dainty morsel for royalty to feed upon.
To ascertain precisely what degree of obligation I had conferred on the heir-apparent,
I took my leave with the intention of coining to a right understanding with Scipio.

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CH. XII. -- Catalina's real condition a worry and alarm to Gil Blas. His
precautions for his own ease and quiet.
ON coming home, I heard a devil of a noise, and inquired what was the
meaning of it. They told me that Scipio was giving a supper to half-a-dozen of his
friends. They were singing as loud as their kings could roar, and threatening the
stability of the house with their protracted peals of laughter. This meal was not in all
respects the banquet of the seven wise men.
The founder of the feast, informed of my arrival, said to his company: Sit still,
gentlemen, it is only the master of the house come home, but that need not disturb
you. Go on with your merry- making; I will but just whisper a word in his ear, and be
back again in a moment. He came to me accordingly. What an infernal din! said I.
What sort of company do you keep below? Have you, too, got in among the poets?
Thank you for nothing! answered he. Your wine is too good to be given to such
gentry; I turn it to better account. There is a young man of large property in my party,
who wishes to lay out your credit and his own money in the purchase of a place. This
little festivity is all for him. For every glass he fills, I put on ten pistoles, in addition to
the regular fee. He shall drink till he is under the table. If that is the case, replied I, go
to your presidentship, and do not spare the cellar.
Then was no proper time to talk about Catalina; but the next morning I opened
the business thus: Friend Scipio, the terms we are upon entitle me to fair dealing. I
have treated you more like an equal than a servant, consequently you would be much
to blame to cheat me on the footing of a master. Let us, therefore, have no secrets
towards each other. I am going to tell you what will surprise you; and you on your
part shall give me your sincere opinion about the two women with whom you have
brought me acquainted. Between ourselves, I suspect them to be no better than they
should be; with so much the more of the knave in their composition, because they
affect the simpleton. If my conjecture be right, the Prince of Spain has no great reason
to be delighted with my activity; for I will own to you frankly, that it was for him I
spoke to you about a mistress. I brought him to see Catalina, and he is over head and
ears in love with her. Sir, answered Scipio, you have dealt so handsomely by me, that
I shall act upon the square with you. I had yesterday a private inter view with the
abigail, and she gave me a most entertaining history of the family. You shall have it
briefly, though it did not come briefly to me.
Catalina was daughter to a sort of gentleman in Arragon. An orphan at fifteen,
with no fortune but a pretty face, she lent a complying ear to an officer who carried
her off to Toledo, where he died in six months, having been more like a father than a
husband to her. She collected his effects together, consisting of their joint wardrobe
and three hundred pistoles in ready money, and then went to housekeeping with
Signora Mencia, who was still in fashion, though a little on the wane. These sisters,
every way but in blood, began at length to attract the attention of the police. The
ladies took umbrage at this, and decamped in dudgeon for Madrid, where they have
been living for these two years, without making any acquaintance in the
neighbourhood. But now comes the best of the joke: they have taken two small houses
adjoining each other, with a passage of communication through the cellars. Signora
Mencia lives with a servant girl in one of these houses, and the officer's widow
inhabits the other, with an old duenna, whom she passes off for her grandmother, so
that her versatile child of nature is sometimes a niece brought up by her aunt, and
sometimes an orphan under her grandam's fostering wing. When she enacts the niece,

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her name is Catalina; and when she personates the grand-daughter, she calls herself
Sirena.
At the grating sound of Sirena I turned pale, and interrupted Scipio, saying --
What do you tell me? Alas! it must be so: This cursed imp of Arragon is Calderona's
charming Siren. To be sure she is, answered he, the very same! I thought you would
be delighted at the news. Quite the reverse, replied I. It portends more sorrow than
laughter; do not you anticipate the consequences? None of any ill omen, rejoined
Scipio. What is there to be afraid of? It is not certain that Don Rodrigo will rub his
forehead; and in case any good-natured friend should show it him in the glass, you
had better let the minister into the secret beforehand. Tell him all the circumstances
straightforward as they happened; he will see that there has been no trick on your part;
and if after that Calderona should attempt to do you an ill office with his excellency, it
will be as clear as daylight that he is only actuated by a spirit of revenge.
Scipio removed all my apprehensions by this advice, which I followed, in
acquainting the Duke of Lerma at once with this unlucky discovery. My aspect, while
telling my tale, was sorrowful, and my tone faltering, in evidence of my contrition for
having unadvisedly brought the prince and Don Rodrigo into such close quarters; but
the minister was more disposed to roast his favourite than to pity him. Indeed, he
ordered me to let the matter take its own course, considering it as a feather in
Calderona's cap to dispute the empire of love with so illustrious a rival, and not to be
worse used than his lawful prince. The Count de Lemos, too, was informed how
things stood, and promised me his protection, if the first secretary should come at the
knowledge of the intrigue, and attempt to undermine me with the duke.
Trusting to have secured the frail bark of my fortunes by this notable
contrivance from the rocks and quicksands that threatened it, my mind was once more
at rest. I continued attending the prince on his visits to Catalina, sirenlike in nature as
in nickname, who was fertile in quaint devices to keep Don Rodrigo away from next
door, whenever the course of business required her to devote her nights to his royal
competitor.

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CH. XIII. -- Gil Blas goes on personating the great man. He hears news of his
family: a touch of nature on the occasion. A grand quarrel with Fabricio.
I MENTIONED some time ago, that in the morning there was usually a crowd
of people in my ante-chamber, coming to negotiate little private concerns in the way
of politics; but I would never suffer them to open their business by word of mouth;
but adopting court precedent, or rather giving myself the airs of a jack in office, my
language to every suitor was -- Send in a memorial on the subject. My tongue ran so
glibly to that tune, that one day I gave my landlord the official answer, when he came
to put me in mind of a twelvemonth's rent in arrear. As for my butcher and baker, they
spared the trouble of asking for their memorials, by never giving me time to run up a
bill. Scipio, who mimicked me so exactly, that only those behind the scenes could
distinguish the double from the principal performer, held his head just as high with the
poor devils who curried favour with him, as a step of the ladder to my ministerial
patronage.
There was another foolish trick of mine, of which I do not by any means
pretend to make a merit; neither more nor less than the extreme assurance of talking
about the first nobility, just as if I had been one of their kidney. Suppose, for example,
the Duke of Alva, the Duke of Ossuna, or the Duke of Medina Sidonia were
mentioned in conversation, I called them without ceremony, my friend Alva, that
good-natured fellow Ossuna, or that comical dog Medina Sidonia. In a word, my pride
and vanity had swelled to such a height, that my father and mother were no longer
among the number of my honoured relatives. Alas! poor understrappers, I never
thought of asking whether you had sunk or were swimming in the Asturias. A thought
about you never came into my head. The court has all the soporific virtues of Lethe, in
the case of poor relations.
My family was completely obliterated from the tablets of my memory, when
one morning a young man knocked at my door and begged to speak with me for a
moment in private. He was shown into my closet, where, without asking him to take a
chair, as he seemed to be quite a common fellow, I desired to know abruptly what he
wanted. How! Signor Gil Blas? said he, do you not remember me? It was in vain that I
perused the lines of his face over and over again; I was obliged to tell him fairly that
he had the advantage of me. Why, I am one of your old schoolfellows! replied he,
bred and born in Oviedo; Bertrand Muscada, the grocer's son, next-door neighbour to
your uncle the canon. I recollect you as well as if it was but yesterday. We have
played a thousand times together at blind man's buff and prison bars.
My youthful recollections, answered I, are very transient and confused. Blind
man's buff and prison bars are but childish amusement! The burden of state affairs
leaves me little time to ruminate on the trifles of my younger days. I am come to
Madrid, said he, to settle accounts with my father's correspondent. I heard talk of you!
Folks say that you have, a good berth at court, and are already almost as well off as a
Jew broker. I thought I would just call in and say, how d'ye do? On my return into the
country, your family will jump out of their skins for joy, when they hear how
famously you are getting on.
It was impossible in decency to avoid asking how my father, my mother, and
my uncle stood in the world; but that duty was performed in so gingerly a manner, as
to leave the grocer little room to compliment dame Nature on her liberal provision of
instinct. He seemed quite shocked at my indifference for such near kindred, and told
me bluntly, with his coarse shopman's familiarity, Methinks you might have shown
more heartiness and natural feeling for your kinsfolk! Why, you ask after them just as

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if they were vermin! Your father and mother are still at service; take that in your dish!
And the good canon, Gil Perez, eat up with gout, rheumatism, and old age, has one
foot in the grave. People should feel as people ought; and seeing that you are in a
berth to be a blessing to your poor parents, take a friend's advice, and allow them two
hundred pistoles a year. That will be doing a handsome thing, and making them
comfortable, and then you may spend the rest upon yourself with a good conscience.
Instead of being softened by this family picture, I only resented the officiousness of
unasked advice. A more delicate and covert remonstrance might perhaps have made
its impression, but so bold a rebuke only hardened my heart. My sulky silence was not
lost upon him, so that while he moralized himself out of charity into downright abuse,
my choler began to overflow. Nay, then! this is too much, answered I, in a devil of a
passion. Get about your business, Master Muscada, and mind your own shop. You are
a pretty fellow to preach to me! As if I were to be taught my duty by you. Without
further parley I handed the grocer out of my closet by the shoulder, and sent him off
to weigh figs and nutmegs at Oviedo.
The home-strokes he had laid on were not lost to my sober recollection. My
neglect of filial piety struck home to my heart, and melted me into tears. When I
recollected how much my childhood was indebted to my parents, what pains they had
taken in my education, these affecting thoughts gave language for the moment to the
still small voice of nature and gratitude; but the language was never translated into
solid sense and service. An habitual callousness succeeded this transient sensation,
and peremptorily cancelled every obligation of humanity. There are many fathers
besides mine, who will acknowledge this portrait of their sons.
Avarice and ambition, dividing me between them, annihilated every trace of
my former temper. I lost all my gaiety, became absent and moping, -- in short, a most
unsociable animal. Fabricio seeing me so furiously bent on accumulation, and so
perfectly indifferent to him, very rarely came to see me. He could not help saying one
day: In truth, Gil Blas, you are quite an altered man. Before you were about the court,
you were always pleasant and easy. Now you are all agitation and turmoil. You form
project after project to make a fortune, and the more you realize, the wider your views
of aggrandizement extend. But this is not the worst! You have no longer that
expansion of heart, those open manners, which form the charm of friendship. On the
contrary, you wrap yourself round, and shut the avenues of your heart even to me. In
your very civilities, I detect the violence you impose upon yourself. In short, Gil Blas
is no longer the same Gil Blas whom I once knew.
You really have a most happy talent for bantering, answered I, with repulsive
jocularity. But this metamorphose into the shag of a savage is not perceptible to
myself. Your own eyes, replied he, are insensible to the change, because they are
fascinated. But the fact remains the same. Now, my friend, tell me fairly and honestly,
shall we live together as heretofore? When I used to knock at your door in the
morning, you came and opened it yourself; between asleep and awake, and I walked
in without ceremony. Now, what a difference! You have an establishment of servants.
They keep me cooling my heels in your ante-chamber; my name must be sent in
before I can speak to you. When this is got over, what is my reception? A cold
inclination of the head, and the insolent strut of office. Any one would suppose that
my visits were growing troublesome! Can you suppose this to be treatment for a man
who was once on equal terms with you? No, Santillane, it can never be, nor will I bear
it longer. Farewell! Let us part without ill blood. We shall both be better asunder; you
will get rid of a troublesome censor, and I of a purse-proud upstart who does not know
himself.

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I felt myself more exasperated than reformed by his reproaches; and suffered
him to take his departure without the slightest effort to overcome his resolution. In the
present temper of my mind, the friendship of a poet did not seem a catch of sufficient
importance to break one's heart about its loss. I found ample amends in the intimacy
of some subaltern attendants about the king's person, with whom a similarity of
humour had lately connected me closely. These new acquaintance of mine were for
the most part men from no one knows where, pushed up to their appointments more
by luck than merit. They had all got into warm berths; and, wretches as they were,
measuring their own consequence by the excess of royal bounty, forgot their origin as
scandalously as I forgot mine. We gave ourselves infinite credit for what told so much
and bitterly to our disgrace. O fortune! what a jade you are, to distribute your favours
at haphazard as you do! Epictetus was perfectly in the right, when he likened you to a
jilt of fashion, prowling about in masquerade, and tipping the wink to every
blackguard who parades the street.

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BOOK THE NINTH.

CH. I. -- Scipio's scheme of marriage for Gil Blas. The match, a rich goldsmith's
daughter. Circumstances connected with this speculation.
ONE evening, on the departure of my supper company, finding myself alone
with Scipio, I asked him what he had been doing that day. Striking a masterstroke,
answered he. I intend that you should marry. A goldsmith of my acquaintance has an
only daughter, and I mean to make up a match between you.
A goldsmith's daughter! exclaimed I with a disdainful air: are you out of your
senses? Can you think of tying me up to a trinket-maker? People of a certain character
in society, and on a certain footing at court, ought to have much higher views of
things. Pardon me, sir! rejoined Scipio, do not take the subject up in that light.
Recollect that nobility accrues by the male side, and do not ride a higher horse than a
thousand jockeys of quality whom I could name. Do you know that the heiress in
question will bring a hundred thousand ducats in her pocket? Is not that a pretty little
sprig of jewellery? To the resounding echo of so large a sum, my ears were instantly
symphonious. The day is your own, said I to the secretary; the fortune determines the
case in the lady's favour. When do you mean to put me in possession? Fair and softly,
sir, answered he, the more haste the worse speed. It will be necessary for me first to
communicate the affair to the father, and instil the advantage of it into his capacity.
Good! rejoined I with a burst of laughter; is it thereabouts you are? The match is far
advanced in its progress towards consummation. Much nearer than you suppose,
replied he. But one hour's conversation with the goldsmith, and I pledge myself for his
consent But, before we go any further, let us come to an agreement, if you please.
Supposing that I should transfer a hundred thousand ducats to you, what would my
commission be? Twenty thousand! was my answer. Heaven be praised therefore! said
he. I guessed your gratitude at ten thousand; so that it doubles mine in a similar case.
Come on then! I will set this negotiation on foot to-morrow morning; and you may
count upon its success, or I am little better than one of the foolish ones.
In fact, he said to me two days afterwards, I have spoken to Signor Gabriel
Salero, my friend the goldsmith. On the loud report of your high desert and credit, he
has lent a favourable ear to my offer of you for a son-in-law. You are to have his
daughter with a hundred thousand ducats, provided you can make it appear clearly
that you are in possession of the minister's good graces. Since that is the case, said I
confidently to Scipio, I shall soon be married. But, not entirely to forget the girl, have
you seen her? is she pretty? Not quite so pretty as her fortune, answered he. Between
ourselves, this heiress's looks are as hard as her cash. Luckily, you are perfectly
indifferent about that. Stone blind, by the light of the sun, my good fellow! replied I.
As for us whimsical fellows about court, we marry merely for the sake of marrying.
When we want beauty, we look for it in our friends' wives; and if, by fates and
destinies, the sweets are wasted on our own, their flavour is so mawkish to our palate,
that there is some merit in their not carrying the commodity to a foreign market.
This is not all, resumed Scipio: Signor Gabriel hopes for the pleasure of your
company to supper this evening. By agreement, there is to be no mention of marriage.
He has invited several of his mercantile friends to this entertainment, where you will
take your chance with the rest, and to-morrow he means to sup with you on the same
terms. By this you will perceive his drift of looking before he leaps. You will do well
to be a little on your guard before him. Oh! for the matter of that, interrupted I with an

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air of confidence, let him scrutinize me as closely as he pleases, the result cannot fail
to be in my favour.
All this happened as it was foretold. I was introduced at the goldsmith's, who
received me with the familiarity of an old acquaintance. A vulgar dog, but warm; and
as troublesome with his civility as a prude with her virtue. He presented me to Signora
Eugenia his wife, and the youthful Gabriela his daughter. I opened wide my budget of
compliments, without infringing the treaty, and prattled soft nothings to them, in all
the vacuity of courtly dialogue.
Gabriela, with submission to my secretary's better taste, was not altogether so
repulsive; whether by dint of being outrageously bedizened, or because I looked at her
in the raree-shew box of her fortune. A charming house this of Signor Gabriel! There
is less silver, I verily believe, in the Peruvian mines, than under his roof. That metal
presented itself to the view in all directions, under a thousand different forms. Every
room, and especially that where we were entertained, was a fairy palace. What a bird's
eye view for a son-in-law! The old codger, to do the thing genteelly, had collected
five or six merchants about him, all plodding spirit-wearing personages. Their tongues
could only talk of what their hearts were set upon; it was high change all supper-time;
but unfortunately wit was at a discount.
Next night, it was my turn to treat the goldsmith. Not being able to dazzle him
with my sideboard, I had recourse to another artifice. I invited to supper such of my
friends as made the finest figure at court; hangers-on of state noted for the
unwieldiness of their ambition. These fellows could not talk on common topics: the
brilliant and lucrative posts at which they aimed were all canvassed in detail; this too
made its way. Poor counting-house Gabriel, in amazement at the loftiness of their
ideas, shrunk into insignificance, in spite of all his hoards, on a comparison with these
wonderful men. As for me, in all the plausibility of moderation, I professed to wish
for nothing more than a comfortable fortune; a snug box and a competence:
whereupon these gluttons of the loaves and fishes cried out with one voice that I was
wrong, absolutely criminal; for the prime minister would do anything upon earth for
me, and it was an act of duty to anoint my fingers with bird-lime. My honoured papa
lost not a word of all this; and seemed, at going away, to take his leave with some
complacency.
Scipio went of course the next morning, to ask him how he liked me.
Extremely well indeed, answered the knight of the ledger; the lad has won my very
heart. But, good master Scipio, I conjure you by our long acquaintance to deal with
me as a true friend. We have all our weak side, as you well know. Tell me where
Signor de Santillane is fallible. Is he fond of play? does he wench? On what lay are
his snug little vices? Do not fight shy, I beset you. It is very unkind, Signor Gabriel, to
put such a question, retorted the go-between. Your interest is more to me than my
master's. If he had any slippery propensities, likely to make your daughter unhappy,
would I ever have proposed him as a son- in-law? The deuce a bit! I am too much at
your service. But, between ourselves, he has but one fault; that of being faultless. He
is too wise for a young man. So much the better, replied the goldsmith; he is the more
like me. You may go, my friend, and tell him he shall have my daughter, and should
have her though he knew no more of the minister than I do.
As soon as my secretary had reported this conversation, I flew to thank Salero
for his partiality. He had already told his mind to his wife and daughter, who gave me
to understand by their reception, that they yielded without disgust. I carried my father-
in-law to the Duke of Lerma, whom I had informed the evening before, and presented
him with due ceremony. His excellency gave him a most gracious reception, and

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congratulated him on having chosen a man for his son-in-law, for whom he himself
had so great a regard, and meant to do such great things. Then did he expatiate on my
good qualities, and, in fact, said so much to my honour, that honest Gabriel thought he
had met with the best match in Spain. His joy oozed out at his eyes. On parting, he
pressed me in his arms, and said: My son, I am so impatient to see you Gabriela's
husband, that the affair shall be finally settled within a week at latest.

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CH. II. -- In the progress of political vacancies, Gil Blas recollects that there is
such a man in the world as Don Alphonso de Leyva; and renders him a service
from motives of vanity.
LET us leave my marriage to take care of itself for a season. The order of
events requires me to recount a service rendered to my old master Don Alphonso. I
had entirely forgotten that gentleman's existence; but a circumstance recalled it to my
recollection.
The government of Valencia became vacant at this time; and put me in mind
of Don Alphonso de Leyva. I considered within myself that the employment would
suit him to a nicety; and determined to apply for it on his be half, not so much out of
friendship as ostentation. If I could but procure it for him, it would do me infinite
honour. I told the Duke of Lerma that I had been steward to Don Caesar de Leyva and
his son; and that having every reason in the world to feel myself obliged to them, I
should take it as a favour if he would give the government of Valencia to one or other
of them. The minister answered: Most willingly, Gil Blas. I love to see you grateful
and generous. Besides, the family stands very high in my esteem. The Leyvas are
loyal subjects; so that the place cannot be better bestowed. You may take it as a
wedding present, and do what you like with it.
Delighted at the success of my application, I went to Calderona in a prodigious
hurry, to get the patent made out for Don Alphonso. There was a great crowd, waiting
in respectful silence till Don Rodrigo should come and give audience. I made my way
through, and the closet door opened as if by sympathy. There were no one knows how
many military and civil officers, with other people of consequence, among whom
Calderona was dividing his attentions. His different reception of different people was
curious. A slight inclination of the head was enough for some; others he honoured
with a profusion of courtly grimace, and bowed than out of the closet. The proportions
of civility were weighed to a scruple. On the other hand, there were some suitors who,
shocked at his cold indifference, cursed in their secret soul the necessity for their
cringing before such a monkey of an idol. Others, on the contrary, were laughing in
their sleeve at his gross and self-sufficient air. But the scene was thrown away upon
me; nor was I likely to profit by such a lesson. It was exactly the counterpart of my
own behaviour: and I never thought of ascertaining whether my deportment was
popular or offensive, so long as there was no violation of outward respect.
Don Rodrigo accidentally casting a look towards me, left a gentleman, to
whom he was speaking, without ceremony, and came to pay his respects with the
most unaccountable tokens of high consideration. Ah, my dear colleague! exclaimed
he, what occasion procures me the pleasure of seeing you here! Is there anything we
can do for you? I told him my business; whereupon he assured me, in the most
obliging terms, that the affair should be expedited within four-and-twenty hours. Not
satisfied with these overwhelming condescensions, he conducted me to the door of his
ante-chamber, whither he never attended any but the nobility of first rank. His
farewell was as flattering as his reception.
What is the meaning of all this palaver? said I while retreating; has any raven
croaked my entrance, and prophesied promotion to Calderona by my overthrow? Does
he really languish for my friendship? or does he feel the ground giving way under his
feet, and wish to save himself by clinging to the branches of my favour and
protection? It seemed a moot point, which of these conjectures might be the right. The
following day, on my return, his behaviour was of the same stamp; caresses and
civilities poured in upon me in torrents. It is true that other people who attempted to

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speak to him, were ramped in exact proportion with the blandishments of his face
towards me. He snarled at some, petrified others, and made the whole circle run the
gauntlet of his displeasure. But they were all amply avenged by an occurrence, the
relation of which may give a gentle hint to all the clerks and secretaries on the list of
my readers.
A man very plainly dressed, and certainly not looking at all like what he was,
came up to Calderona and spoke to him about a memorial, stated to have been
presented by himself to the Duke of Lerma. Don Rodrigo, without looking from his
clothes up to his face, said in a sharp, ungracious tone -- Who may you happen to be,
honest man? They called me Francillo in my childhood, answered the stranger
unabashed; my next style and title was that of Don Francillo de Zuniga; and my
present name is the Count de Pedrosa. Calderona was all in a twitter at this discovery,
and attempted to stammer out an excuse, when he found that he had to do with a man
of the first quality. Sir, said he to the Count, I have to beg you, ten thousand pardons;
but not knowing whom I had the honour to . . . . I want none of your apologies,
interrupted Francillo with proud indignation; they are as nauseous as your rudeness
was unbecoming. Recollect henceforth, that a minister's secretary ought to receive all
descriptions of people with good manners. You may be vain enough to affect the
representative of your master, but the public know you for his menial servant.
The haughty Don Rodrigo blushed blue at this rebuke. Yet it did not mend his
manners one whit. On me it made a salutary impression. I determined to take care and
ascertain the rank of my petitioners, before I gave a loose to the insolence of office,
and to inflict torture only upon mutes. As Don Alphonso's patent was made out, I sent
it by a purpose messenger, with a letter from the Duke of Lerma, announcing the royal
favour. But I took no notice of my own share in the appointment, nor even
accompanied it with a line, in the fond hope of announcing it by word of mouth, and
surprising him agreeably, when he came to the court on occasion of taking the
customary oaths.

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CH. III. -- Preparations for the marriage of Gil Blas. A spoke in the wheel of
Hymen.
AND now once more for my lovely Gabriela! We were to be married in a
week. Preparations were making on both sides for the ceremony. Salero ordered a rich
wardrobe for the bride, and I hired a waiting-woman for her, a footman, and a
gentleman usher of decent aspect and advanced years. The whole establishment was
provided by Scipio, who longed more longingly than myself for the hour when we
were to be fingering the fortune.
On the evening before the happy day, I was supping with my father-in-law, the
rest of the company being made up of uncles, aunts, and cousins of either sex and
every degree. The part of a supple-visaged son-in-law sat upon me to perfection.
Nothing could exceed my profound respect for the goldsmith and his wife, or the
transports of my passion at Gabriela's feet, while I smoothed my way into the graces
of the family, by listening with impregnable patience to their witless repartees and
irrational ratiocinations. Thus did I gain the great end of all my forbearance, the
pleasure of pleasing my new relations. Every individual of the clan felt himself a foot
taller for the honour of my alliance.
The repast ended, the company moved into a large room, where we were
entertained with a concert of vocal and instrumental music, not the worst that was
ever heard, though the performers were not selected from the choicest bands at
Madrid. Some lively airs put us in mind of dancing. Heaven knows what sort of
performers we must have been, when they took me for the Coryphaeus of the opera,
though I never had but two or three lessons from a petty dancing-master, who taught
the pages on the establishment of the Marchioness de Chaves. After we had tired our
tendons, it was time to think of going home. There was no end of my bows and God-
bless-you's. Farewell, my dear son-in-law, said Salero as he squeezed my hand, I shall
be at your house in the morning with the portion in ready money. You will be
welcome, come when you list, my dear father-in-law, answered I. Afterwards,
wishing the family good night, I jumped into my carriage, and ordered it to drive
home.
Scarcely had I got two hundred yards from Signor Gabriel's house, when
fifteen or twenty men, some on foot and some on horseback, all with swords and fire-
arms, surrounded and stopped the coach, crying out, In the name of our sovereign lord
the king. They dragged me out by main force, and thrust me into a hack-chaise, when
the leader of the party got in with me, and ordered the driver to go for Segovia. There
could be no doubt but the honest gentle man by my side was an alguazil. I wanted to
know something about the cause of my arrest, but he answered in the language of
those gentry, which is very bad language, that he had other things to do than to satisfy
my impertinent curiosity. I suggested that he might have mistaken his man. No, no,
retorted he, the fool is wiser than that. You are Signor de Santillane; and in that case
you are to go along with me. Not being able to deny that fact, it became an act of
prudence to hold my tongue. For the remainder of the night we traversed Mancanarez
in sulky silence, changed horses at Colmenar, and arrived the next evening at Segovia,
where the lodging provided for me was in the tower.

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CH. IV. -- The treatment of Gil Blas in the tower of Segovia. The cause of his
imprisonment.
THEIR first favour was to clap me up in a cell, where they left me on the
straw like a criminal, whose only earthly portion was to con over his dying speech in
solitude. I passed the night, not in bewailing my fate, for it had not yet presented itself
in all its aggravation, but in endeavouring to divine its cause. Doubtless it must have
been Calderona's handiwork. And yet though his branching honours might have
pressed thick upon his senses, I could not conceive how the Duke of Lerma could
have been induced to treat me so inhumanly. Sometimes I apprehended my arrest to
have been without his excellency's knowledge; at other times I thought him the
contriver of it, for some political reasons, such as weigh with ministers when they
sacrifice their accomplices at the shrine of state policy.
My mind was vibrating to and fro with these various conjectures, when the
dawn peeping in at my little grated window, presented to my sight all the horror of the
place where I was confined. Then did I vent my sorrows without ceasing, and my eyes
became two springs of tears, flowing inexhaustibly at the remembrance of my
prosperous state. Pending this paroxysm of grief, a turnkey brought me my day's
allowance of bread and water. He looked at me, and on the contemplation of my tear-
besprinkled visage, gaoler as he was, there came over him a sentiment of pity: Do not
despair, said he. This life is full of crosses, but mind them not. You are young; after
these days, you will live to see better. In the meantime, eat at the king's mess, with
what appetite you may.
My comforter withdrew with this quaint invitation, answered by my groans
and tears. The rest of the day was spent in cursing my wayward destiny, without
thinking of my empty stomach. As for the royal morsel, it seemed more like the
message of wrath than the boon of benevolence; the tantalizing protraction of pain,
rather than the solace of affliction.
Night came, and with it the rattle of a key in my keyhole. My dungeon door
opened, and in came a man with a wax-light in his hand. He advanced towards me,
saying -- Signor Gil Blas, behold in me one of your old friends. I am Don Andrew de
Tordesillas, in the Archbishop of Grenada's service while you enjoyed that prelate's
favour. You may recollect engaging his interest in my behalf, and thereby procuring
me a post in Mexico; but instead of embarking for the Indies, I stopped in the town of
Alicant. There I married the governor's daughter, and by a series of adventures of
which you shall hereafter have the particulars, I am now warden of this tower. It is
expressly forbidden me to let you speak to any living soul, to give you any better bed
than straw, or any other sustenance than bread and water. But besides that your
misfortunes interest my humanity, you have done me service, and gratitude
countervails the harshness of my orders. They think to make me the instrument of
their cruelty, but it is my better purpose to soften the rigour of your captivity. Get up
and follow me.
Though my humane keeper was entitled to some acknowledgment, my spirits
were so affected as to interdict my speech. All I could do was to attend him. We
crossed a court, and mounted a narrow staircase to a little room at the top of the tower.
It was no small surprise, on entering, to find a table with lights on it, neatly set out
with covers for two. They will serve up immediately, said Tordesillas. We are going
to sup together. This snug retreat is appointed for your lodging; it will agree better
with you than your cell. From your window you will look down on the flowery banks
of the Erêma, and the delicious vale of Coca, bounded by the mountains which divide

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the two Castiles. At first you will care little for prospects; but when time shall have
softened your keener sensations into a composed melancholy, it will be a pleasure to
feast your eyes on such engaging scenes. Then, as for linen and other necessaries
befitting a man accustomed to the comforts of life, they shall be always at your
service. Your bed and board shall be such as you could wish, with a plentiful supply
of books. In a word, you shall have everything but your liberty.
My spirits were a little tranquillized by these obliging offers. I took courage
and returned my best thanks, assuring him that his generous conduct restored me to
life, and that I hoped at some time or other to find an opportunity of testifying my
gratitude. To be sure! and why should you not? answered he. Did you fancy yourself a
prisoner for life? Nothing less likely! and I would lay a wager that you will be
released in a very few months. What say you, Signor Don Andrew? exclaimed I. Then
surely you are acquainted with the occasion of my misfortune. You guess right,
replied he. The alguazil who brought you hither told me the whole story in
confidence. The king, hearing that the Count de Lemos and you were in the habit of
escorting the Prince of Spain by night to a house of suspicious character, as a
punishment for your loose morals, has banished the count, and sent you hither, to be
treated in the style of which you have had a specimen. And how, said I, did that
circumstance come to the king's knowledge? That is what I am most curious to
ascertain. And that, answered he, is precisely what the alguazil did not tell, apparently
because he did not know.
At this epoch of our conversation, the servants brought in supper. When
everything was set in order, Tordesillas sent away the attendants, not wishing our
conversation to be overheard. He shut the door, and we took our seats opposite to each
other. Let us say grace, and fall to, said he. Your appetite ought to be good after two
days of fasting. Under this impression he loaded my plate as if he had been cramming
the craw of a starveling. In fact, nothing was more likely than that I should play the
devil among the ragouts; but what is likely does not always happen. Though my
intestines were yearning for support, their staple stuck in my throat, for my heart
loathed all pleasurable indulgence in the present state of my affairs. In vain did my
warden, to drive away the blue devils, pledge me continually, and expatiate on the
excellence of his wine; imperishable nectar would have been pricked according to the
fastidious report of my palate. This being the case, he went another way to work, and
told me the story of his marriage, with as much humour as such a subject would
admit. Here he was still less successful. So wandering was my attention, that before
the end I had forgotten the beginning and the middle. At length he was convinced that
there was no diverting my gloomy thoughts for that evening. After finishing his
solitary supper, he rose from table, saying: Signor de Santillane, I shall leave you to
your repose, or rather to the free indulgence of your own reveries. But, take my word
for it, your misfortune will not be of long continuance. The king is naturally good.
When his anger shall have passed away, and your deplorable estate shall occur to his
milder thoughts, your punishment will appear sufficient in his eyes. With these words,
my kind hearted gaoler went down-stairs, and sent the servants to take away. Not even
the brass candlesticks were left behind; and I went to bed by the palpable darkness of
a glimmering lamp suspended against the wall.

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CH. V. -- His reflections before he went to sleep that night, and the noise that
waked him.
Two hours at least were my thoughts employed on what Tordesillas had told
me. Here, then, am I, for having lent myself to the pleasures of the heir-apparent! It
was certainly not having my wits about me, to pander for so young a prince. Therein
consists my crime; had he been arrived at a more knowing age, the king perhaps
might only have laughed at what has now made him so angry. But who can have
given such counsel to the monarch, without dreading the prince's resentment or the
Duke of Lerma's? That minister will doubtless take ample vengeance for his nephew
the Count de Lemos. How can the king have made the discovery? That is above my
comprehension.
This last was the eternal burden of my song. But the idea most afflictive to my
mind, what drove me to despair, and laid fiend- like hold upon my fancy, was the
unquestioned plunder of my effects. My strong box, exclaimed I, my dear wealth,
what is become of you? Into what hands have you fallen? Alas! you are lost in less
time than you were gained! The ruinous confusion of my household was the perpetual
death's-head of my imagination. Yet this wilderness of melancholy ideas sheltered me
from absolute distraction: sleep, which had shunned my wretched straw, now paid his
readier visit to my soft and gentle manly couch. Watching and wine, too, imparted a
strong narcotic to his poppies. My slumbers were profound; and to all appearance, the
day might have peeped in upon my repose, if I had not been awakened all at once by
such sounds as rarely perforate a prison wall. I heard the thrum of a guitar,
accompanying a man's voice. My whole attention was absorbed; but the invisible
musician paused, and left the fleeting impression of a dream. An instant after wards,
my ear was soothed with the sound of the same instrument, and the same voice.
Wisely the ant against poor winter hoards The stock which summer's wealth
affords; In grasshoppers, that must at autumn die, How vain were such an industry.
Of love or fortune the deceitful light Might half excuse our cheated sight, If it
of life the whole small time would stay, And be our sunshine all the day.
[To have substituted, with a slight variation, these two stanzas from Cowley
for a translation of the common-place couplet in the original, will probably not be
thought to require any apology. They necessarily involve a change in the consequent
reflections of our hero. TRANSLATOR]
These verses, which sounded as if they had been sung expressly for the dirge
of my departed happiness, were only an aggravation of my feelings. The truth of the
sentiment, said I, is but too well exemplified in me. The meteor of court favour has
but plunged me in substantial darkness; the summer sunshine of ambition is quenched
in these autumnal glooms. Now did I sink again into cold and comfortless meditation;
my miseries began to flow afresh, as if they fed and grew upon their own vital stream.
Yet my wailings ended with the night; and the first rays which played upon my
chamber wall amused my mind into composure. I got up to open my window, and let
the vivid air of morning into my room. Then I glanced over the country, so
attractively depicted in the description of my keeper. It did not seem to justify his
panegyric. The Erêma, a second Tagus in my magnifying fancy, was little better than
a brook. Its flowery banks were fringed with nettles, and arrayed in all the majesty of
thistles; the delicious vale in this fairy prospect was a barren wilderness, untamed by
human labour. It therefore was very evident that my keener sensations were not yet
softened into such a composed melancholy, as could give any but a jaundiced
colouring to the landscape.

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I began dressing, and had already half finished my toilet, when Tordesillas
ushered in an old chambermaid, laden with shirts and towels. Signor Gil Blas, said he,
here is your linen. Do not be saving of it; there shall always be as many changes as
you can possibly want. Well now! and how have you passed the night? Has the
drowsy god administered his anodyne? I could have slept till this time, answered I, if I
had not been awakened by a voice singing to a guitar. The cavalier who has disturbed
your repose, resumed he, is a state prisoner; and his chamber is contiguous to yours.
He is a knight of the military order of Calatrava, and is a very accomplished person.
His name is Don Gaston de Cogollos. You may meet as often as you like, and take
your meals together. It will afford reciprocal consolation to compare your fortunes.
There can be no doubt of your being agreeable to one another. I assured Don Andrew
how sensible I was of his indulgence in allowing me to blend my sorrows with those
of my fellow-sufferer; and, as I betrayed some impatience to be acquainted with him,
our accommodating warden met my wishes on the very same day. He fixed me to dine
with Don Gaston, whose prepossessing physiognomy and symmetry of feature struck
me sensibly. Judge what it must have been, to make so strong an impression on eyes
accustomed to encounter the dazzling exterior of the court. Figure to yourself a man
fashioned in the mould of pleasure; one of those heroes in romance, who has only to
shew his face, and banish the sweet sleep from the eyelids of princesses. Add to this,
that nature, who is generally bountiful with one hand and niggardly with the other,
had crowned the perfections of Cogollos with wit and valour. He was a man, whose
like, take him for all in all, we might not soon look upon again.
If this fine fellow was mightily to my taste, it was my good luck not to be
altogether offensive to him. He no longer sang at night for fear of annoying me,
though I begged him by no means to restrain his inclinations on my account. A bond
of union is soon formed between brethren in misfortune. A close friendship succeeded
to mere acquaintance, and strengthened from day to day. The liberty of uninterrupted
intercourse contributed greatly to our mutual support; our burden became lighter by
division.
One day after dinner I went into his room, just as he was tuning his guitar. To
hear him more at my ease, I sat down on the only stool; while he, reclining on his bed,
played a pathetic air, and sang to it a ditty, expressing the despair of a lover and the
cruelty of his mistress. When he had finished, I said to him with a smile, Sir knight,
such strains as these could never be applicable to your own successes with the fair.
You were not made to cope with female repulse. You think too well of me, answered
he. The verses you have just heard were composed to fit my own case; to soften a
heart of adamant. You must hear my story, and in my story, my distresses.

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CH. VI -- History of Don Gaston de Cogollos and Donna Helena de Galisteo.

IT will be very soon four years since I left Madrid to go and see my aunt
Donna Eleonora de Laxarilla at Coria: she is one of the richest dowagers in Old
Castile, with myself for her only heir. Scarcely had I got within her doors, when love
invaded my repose. The windows of my room faced the lattice of a lady living
opposite: but the street was narrow, and her blinds pervious to the eye. It was an
opportunity too delicious to be lost; and I found my neighbour so lovely that my heart
was captivated. The subject of my sentry-watch could not be mistaken. She marked it
well; but she was not a girl to glory in the detection, still less to encourage my
fooleries.
It was natural to inquire the name of this mighty conqueror. I learnt it to be
Donna Helena, only daughter of Don George de Galisteo, lord of a large domain near
Coria. She had innumerable offers of marriage; but her father repulsed them all,
because he meant to bestow her hand on his nephew, Don Austin de Olighera, who
had uninterrupted access to his cousin while the settlements were preparing. This was
no bar to my hopes: on the contrary, it whetted my eagerness: and the insolent
pleasure of supplanting a favoured rival was, perhaps, at bottom equally my motive
with a more noble passion. My visual artillery was obstinately planted against my
unyielding fair. Her attendant Felicia was not without the incense of a glance, to
soften her rigid constancy in my favour; while nods and becks stood for the current
coin of language. But all these efforts of gallantry were in vain -- the maid was
impregnable like her mistress -- never was there such a pair of cold and cruel ones.
The commerce of the eyes being so unthrifty, I had recourse to different
agents. My scouts were on the watch to hunt out what acquaintance Felicia might
have in town. They discovered an old lady, by name Theodora, to be her most
intimate friend, and that they often met. Delighted at the intelligence, I went point
blank to Theodora, and engaged her by presents in my interest. She took my cause up
heartily, promised to contrive an interview for me with her friend, and kept her
engagement the very next day.
I am no longer the wretch of yesterday, said I to Felicia, since my sufferings
have melted you to pity. How deep is my debt to your friend for her kind interference
in my behalf. Sir, answered she, Theodora can do what she pleases with me. She has
brought me over to your side of the question; and if I can do you a kindness, you shall
soon be at the summit of your wishes; but, with all my partiality in your favour, I
know not how far my efforts may be successful. It would be cruel to mislead you: the
prize will not be gained without a severe conflict. The object of your passion is
betrothed to another gentleman, and her character most inauspicious to your designs.
Such is her pride, and so closely locked are her secrets within her own breast, that if,
by constancy and assiduities, you could extort from her a few sighs, fancy not that her
haughty spirit would indulge your ears with their music. Ah! my dear Felicia,
exclaimed I in an agony, why will you thus magnify the obstacles in my way? To set
them in array will kill me. Lead me on with false hopes, if you will; but do not drive
me to despair. With these words I took one of her hands, pressed it between mine, and
slid a diamond on her finger value three hundred pistoles, with such a moving
compliment as made her weep again.
Such speeches and corresponding actions deserved some scanty comfort. She
smoothed a little the rugged path of love. Sir, said she, what I have just been telling
you need not quite quench your hope. Your rival, it is true, is in possession of the
ground. He comes back and fore as he pleases, he toys with her as often as he likes,

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but all that is in your favour. The habit of constant intercourse sheds a languor over
their meetings. They part without pain, and come together without emotion. One
would take them for man and wife. In a word, my mistress has no marks of violent
love for Don Austin. Besides, in point of person, there is such a difference between
you and him as cannot fail to catch the eye of a nice observer like Donna Helena.
Therefore do not be cast down. Continue your particular attentions. You shall have a
second in me. I shall let no opportunity escape of pointing out to my mistress the
merit of all your exertions to please her. In vain shall she intrench herself behind
reserve. In spite of guard and garrison, I will ransack the muster-roll of her
sentiments.
Now were my open attacks and secret ambuscades more fiercely pointed
against the daughter of Don George. Among the rest, I entertained her with a
serenade. After the concert Felicia, to sound her mistress, begged to know how she
had been entertained. The singer had a good voice, said Donna Helena. But how did
you like the words? replied the abigail. I scarcely noted them, returned the lady; the
music engrossed my whole attention. The poetry excited as little curiosity as its
author. If that is the case, exclaimed the chambermaid, poor Don Gaston do Cogollos
is reckoning without his host; and a miserable spendthrift of his glances, to be always
ogling at our lattice-work. Perhaps it may not be he, said the mistress with petrifying
indifference, but some other spark, announcing his passion by this concert. Excuse
me, answered Felicia, it is Don Gaston himself who accosted me this morning in the
street, and implored me to assure you how he adored, in defiance of your rigorous
repulses: but that he should esteem himself the most blest of mortals, if you would
allow him to soothe his desponding thoughts by all the most delicate and impassioned
attentions. Judge now if I can be mistaken, after so open an avowal.
Don George's daughter changed countenance at once, and said to her servant
with a severe frown, You might well have dispensed with the relation of this
impertinent discourse. Bring me no more such idle tales; and tell this young madman,
when next he accosts you, to play off his shallow artifices on some more
accommodating fool; but, at all events, let him choose a more gentlemanly recreation
than that of lounging all day at his window, and prying into the privacy of my
apartment.
This message was faithfully delivered at my next interview with Felicia, who
assured me that her mistress's modes of speech were not to be taken in their literal
construction, but that my affairs were in the best possible train. For my part, being
little read in the science of coquetry, and finding no favourable sense on the face of
the author's original words, I was half out of humour with the wire-drawn comments
of the critic. She laughed at my misgiving, and asked her friend for pen, ink, and
paper, saying: Sir knight of the doleful countenance, write immediately to Donna
Helena as dolefully as you look. Make echo ring with your sufferings; outsigh the
river's murmur; and, above all, let rocks and woods resound with the prohibition of
appearing at your window. Then pawn your existence on obeying her, though without
the possibility ever to redeem the pledge. Turn all that nonsense into pretty sentences,
as you gay deceivers so well know how to do, and leave the rest to me. The event, I
flatter myself will redound more than you are aware to the honour of my penetration.
He must have been a strange lover who would not have profited by so
opportune an occasion of writing to his mistress. My letter was couched in the most
pathetic terms. Felicia smiled at its contents; and said, that if the women knew the art
of infatuating men, the men in return had borrowed their influence over women from
the arch wheedler himself. My privy counsellor took the note, and went back to Don

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George's, with a special injunction that my windows should be fast shut for some
days.
Madam, said she, going up to Donna Helena, I met Don Gaston. He must
needs endeavour to come round me with his flattering speeches. In tremulous accents,
like a culprit pleading against his sentence, he begged to know whether I had spoken
to you on his behalf. Then, in prompt and faithful compliance with your orders, I
snapped up the words out of his mouth. To be sure, my tongue did run at a fine rate
against him. I called him all manner of names, and left him in the street like a stock,
staring at my termagant loquacity. I am delighted, answered Donna Helena, that you
have disengaged me from that troublesome person. But there was no occasion to have
snubbed him so unmercifully. A creature of your degree should always keep a good
tongue in its mouth. Madam, replied the domestic, one cannot get rid of a determined
lover by mincing one's words, though it comes to much the same thing when one flies
into a passion. Don Gaston, for instance, was not to be bullied out of his senses. After
having given it him on both sides of his ears, as I told you, I went on that errand of
yours to the house of your relation. The lady, as ill-luck would have it, kept me longer
than she ought. I say longer than she ought, because my plague and torment met me
on my return. Who the deuce would have thought of seeing him? It put me all in a
twitter; but then my tongue, which at other times is apt to be in a twitter, stuck
motionless in my mouth. While my tongue stuck motionless in my mouth, what did he
do? He slid a paper into my hand without giving me time to consider whether I should
take it or no, and made off in a moment.
After this introduction, she drew my letter from under her stays, and gave it
with half a banter to her mistress, who affected to read it in humorous scorn, but
digested the contents most greedily, and then put on the starch, offended prude. In
good earnest, Felicia, said she with all the gravity she could assume, you were
extremely off your guard, quite bewildered and fascinated, to have taken the charge of
such an epistle. What construction would Don Gaston put upon it? What must I think
of it myself? You give me reason, by this strange behaviour, to mistrust your fidelity,
while he must suspect me of encouraging his odious suit. Alas! he may, perhaps, lay
that flattering unction to his soul, that my love is legible in these characters, and not
his trespass. Only consider how you lay my towering pride. Oh! quite the reverse,
madam, answered the petticoated pleader; it is impossible for him to think that; and if
he did, he would soon be convinced with a flea in his ear. I shall tell him, when next
we meet, that I have delivered his letter, that you glanced at the superscription with
petrifying indifference, and then, without reading a word, tore it into ten thousand
pieces. You may swear that I did not read it with a safe conscience, replied Donna
Helena. I should be puzzled to retrace a single sentiment. Don George's daughter, not
contented with these words, suited the action to them, tore my letter, and imposed
silence on my advocate.
As I had promised no longer to play the lover at my window, the farce of
obedience was kept up for several days. Ogling being interdicted, my courtship was
doomed to enter in at my Helena's obdurate ears. One night I at tended under her
balcony with musicians; the first bars of the serenade were already playing, when a
swaggering blade, sword in hand, rushed in upon our harmony, laying about him to
the right and left, to the utter discomfiture of the troop. Such mad warfare fired my
tilting propensities to equal fury. The affray became serious. Donna Helena and her
maid were disturbed by the clash of swords. They looked out at their lattice, and saw
two men engaged. Their cries roused Don George and his servants. The whole
neighbourhood was assembled to part the combatants. But they came too late: on the

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field of battle, bathed in his own blood and almost lifeless, lay my unfortunate body.
They carried me to my aunt's, and sent for the best surgical assistance in the place.
All the world was merciful, and wished me well, especially Donna Helena,
whose heart was now unmasked. Her forced severity yielded to her natural feelings.
Would you believe it? The cold, relentless, insensible, was kindled into the warmest
of love's votaries. She wore out the remainder of the night in weeping with her faithful
confidante, and giving her cousin, Don Austin de Olighera, to perdition: for him they
taxed with the plotted massacre, and the bill was a true one. He could hide his heart as
well as his cousin; he therefore watched my motions, without seeming to suspect
them; and fancying them not to be without a corresponding impulse, he resolved not
to be sacrificed with impunity. The accident was an awkward one to me, but it ended
in overpowering rapture. Dangerous as my wound was, the surgeons soon brought me
about. I was still confined to my chamber, when my aunt, Donna Eleonora, went over
to Don George, and made proposals for Donna Helena. He consented the more readily
to the marriage, as he never expected to see Don Austin again. The good old man was
afraid of his daughter's not liking me, because cousin Olighera had kept her company;
but she was so tractable to the parental behest, as to furnish grounds for believing that
in Spain, as in other countries, the species, not the individual, is the object with the
sex.
Felicia, at our first private meeting, communicated the emotions of her
mistress on my misfortune. Now, like another Paris, I thought Troy well lost for my
Helen, and blessed the happy consequences of my wound. Don George allowed me to
speak with his daughter in presence of her attendant. What a heavenly interview! I
begged and prayed the lady so earnestly to tell me whether her sufferance of my vows
was forced upon her by her father, that she at length confessed her obedience to be in
unison with her inclinations. After so delicious a declaration, my whole soul was
given up to love and pleasurable gratifications. Our nuptials were to be graced by a
magnificent procession of all the principal people in Coria and the neighbourhood.
I gave a splendid party at my aunt's country-house, in the suburbs on the side
of Manroi. Don George, his daughter, the family, and friends on both sides were
present. There was a concert of vocal and instrumental music, with a company of
strolling players, to represent a comedy. In the middle of the festivities, some one
whispered me that a man wanted to speak with me in the hall. I got up from table to
go and see who it was. The stranger looked like a gentleman's servant. He put a letter
into my hand, containing these words:
"If you have any sense of honour, as a knight of your order ought to have, you
will not fail to attend to-morrow morning in the plain of Manroi. There you will find
an antagonist, ready to give you your revenge for his former attack upon your person,
or, what he rather hopes and meditates, to spoil your connubial transports with Donna
Helena.
"DON AUSTIN DE OLIGHERA."
If love is a Spanish passion, revenge is the Spanish lunacy. Such a note as this
was not to be read with composure. At the mere subscription of Don Austin, there
kindled in my veins a fire, which almost made me forget the claims of hospitality. I
was tempted to steal away from my company, and seek my antagonist on the instant.
For fear of disturbing the merriment, however, I bridled in my rage, and said to the
messenger: My friend, you may tell your employer that I shall meet him on the
appointed spot at sun-rise, and resume the contest with obstinacy equal to his own.
After sending this answer, I resumed my seat at table with so composed a
mien, that no creature had the least suspicion of what had occurred. During the rest of

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the day, I gave myself up to the pleasures of the festival, which ended not till
midnight. The guests then returned to town, but I staid behind, under pretext of taking
the air on the following morning. Instead of going to bed, I watched for the dawn with
maddening impatience. With the first ray I got on horseback, and rode alone towards
Manroi. On the plain was a horseman, riding up to me at full speed. I pushed forward,
and we met half way. It was my rival. Knight, said he, superciliously, it is against my
will that I meet you a second time on the same occasion, but you have brought your
fate on yourself. After the adventure of the serenade, you ought to have waived your
pretensions to Don George's daughter, or at least to have been assured that the support
of them must cost you dearer than a single encounter. You are too much elated,
answered I, with an advantage which is less owing, perhaps, to your superior skill,
than to the darkness of the night. Remember, that victory is of the same blind family
with fortune. It shall be my lot to teach you, replied he with insulting scorn, that I
have unsealed the eyes of both.
At this proud defiance, we both dismounted, tied our horses to a tree, and
engaged with equal fury. I must candidly acknowledge the prowess of my antagonist,
who was a consummate master of fencing. My life was exposed to the greatest
possible danger. Nevertheless, as the strong is often vanquished by the weak, my
rival, in spite of all his science, received a thrust through the heart, and fell a lifeless
corpse.
I immediately returned, and told a confidential servant what had happened,
requesting him to take horse and acquaint my aunt, before the officers of justice could
get intelligence of the event. He was also to obtain from her a supply of money and
jewels, and then join me at the first inn as you enter Plazencia.
All this was performed within three hours. Donna Eleonora rather triumphed
than mourned over a catastrophe, which restored my injured honour; and sent me
large remittances for my travels abroad, till the affair had blown over.
Not to dwell on indifferent circumstances, suffice it to say, that I embarked for
Italy, and equipped myself so as to make a respectable figure at the several courts.
While I was endeavouring to beguile the weary hours of absence, Helena was
weeping at home from the same cause. Instead of joining in the family resentment, her
heart was panting for a compromise, and for my speedy return. Six months had
already elapsed, and I firmly believe that her constancy would have been proof
against the track of time, had time been seconded by no more powerful ally. Don Blas
de Combados, a gentleman from the western coast of Galicia, came to Coria, to take
possession of a rich inheritance unsuccessfully contested by a near relation. He liked
that country so much better than his own, that he made it his principal residence.
Combados was a personable man. His manners were gentle and well-bred, his
conversation most insinuating. With such a passport, he soon got into the best
company, and knew all the family concerns of the place.
It was not long before he heard of Don George's daughter, and of her
extraordinary beauty. This touched his curiosity nearly; he was eager to behold so
formidable a lady. For this purpose, he endeavoured to worm himself into the good
graces of her father, and succeeded so well, that the old gentleman, already looking on
him as a son-in-law, gave him free admission to the house, and the liberty of
conversing with Donna Helena in his presence. The Galician soon became deeply
enamoured of her: indeed, it was the common fate of all who had ever beheld her
charms. He opened his heart to Don George, who consented to his paying his
addresses, but told him that so far from offering violence to her inclination, he should
never interfere in her choice. Hereupon Don Blas pressed every device that

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impassioned ingenuity could suggest into his service, to melt and warm the icicles of
reserve; but the lady was impenetrable to his arts, fast bound in the fetters of an earlier
love. Felicia, however, was in the new suitor's interest, convinced of his merit by the
universal argument. All the faculties of her soul were called forth in his cause. On the
other hand, the father urged his wishes and entreaties. Thus was Donna Helena
tormented for a whole year with their importunities, and yet her faith continued
unshaken.
Combados finding that Don George and Felicia took up his cause with very
little success, proposed an expedient for conquering prejudice to the following effect.
We will suppose a merchant of Coria to have received a letter from his Italian
correspondent, in which, among the news of the day, there shall be the following
paragraph: "A Spanish gentleman, Don Gaston de Cogollos, has lately arrived at the
court of Parma. He is said to he nephew and sole heir to a rich widow of Coria. He is
paying his addresses to a nobleman's daughter; but the family wishes to ascertain the
validity of his pretensions. Send me word, therefore, whether you know this Don
Gaston, together with the amount of his aunt's fortune. On your answer the marriage
will depend. Parma, day of, &c."
The old gentleman considered this trick as a mere ebullition of humour, a
lawful stratagem of amorous warfare; and the jade of a go-between, with conscience
still more callous than her master's, was delighted with the probability of the
manoeuvre. It seemed to be so much the more happily imagined, as they knew Helena
to be a proud girl, capable of taking decisive measures, in the moment of surprise and
indignation. Don George undertook to be the herald of my fickleness, and by way of
colouring the contrivance more naturally, to confront the pretended correspondent
with her. This project was executed as soon as formed. The father, with counterfeit
emotions of displeasure, said to Donna Helena: Daughter, it is not enough now to tell
you that our relations inveigh against an alliance with Don Austin's murderer; a still
stronger reason henceforward presses, to detach you from Don Gaston. It may well
overwhelm you with shame, to have been his dupe so long. Here is an undeniable
proof of his inconstancy. Only read this letter just received by a merchant of Coria
from Italy. The trembling Helena caught at this forged paper; glanced over the
writing; then weighed every expression, and stood aghast at the import of the whole.
A keen pang of disappointment wrung from her a few reluctant tears; but pride came
to her assistance; she wiped away the falling drops of weakness, and said to her father
in a determined tone: Sir, you have just been witness of my folly; now bear testimony
to my triumph over myself. The delusion is past; Don Gaston is the object of my utter
contempt. I am ready to meet Don Blas at the altar, and be beforehand with the traitor
in the pledge of our transferred affections. Don George, transported with joy at this
change, embraced his daughter, extolled her spirit to the skies, and hastened the
necessary preparations, with all the self-complacency of a successful plotter.
Thus was Donna Helena snatched from me. She threw herself into the arms of
Combados in a pet, not listening to the secret whispers of love within her breast, nor
suspecting a story which ought to have seemed so improbable in the annals of true
passion. The haughty are always the victims of their own rash conclusions.
Resentment of insulted beauty triumphed wholly over the suggestions of tenderness.
And yet, a few days after marriage, there came over her some feelings of remorse for
her precipitation; it struck her that the letter might have been a forgery; and the very
possibility disturbed her peace. But the enamoured Don Blas left his wife no time to
nurse up thoughts injurious to their new-found joys; a succession of gaiety and

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pleasure kept her in a thoughtless whirl, and shielded her from the pangs of unavailing
repentance.
She appeared to be in high good humour with so spirit-stirring a husband; so
that they were living together in perfect unanimity, when my aunt adjusted my affair
with Don Austin's relations. Of this she wrote me word to Italy. I returned on the
wings of love. Donna Eleonora, not having announced the marriage, informed me of it
on my arrival; and remarking what pain it gave me, said: You are in the wrong,
nephew, to shew so much feeling for a faithless fair. Banish from your memory a
person so unworthy to share in its tender recollections.
As my aunt did not know how Donna Helena had been played upon, she had
reason to talk as she did: nor could she have given me better advice. To affect
indifference, if not to conquer my passion, was my bounden duty. Yet there could be
no harm in just inquiring by what means this union had been brought to bear. To get
at the truth, I determined on applying to Felicia's friend Theodora. There I met with
Felicia herself, who was confounded at my unwelcome presence, and would have
escaped from the necessity of explanation. But I stopped her. Why do you avoid me?
said I. Has your perjured mistress forbidden you to give ear to my complaints? or
would you make a merit with the ungrateful woman, of your voluntary refusal?
Sir, answered the plotting abigail, I confess my fault, and throw myself on
your mercy. Your appearance here has filled me with remorse. My mistress has been
betrayed, and unhappily in part by my agency. The particulars of their infernal device
followed this avowal, with an endeavour to make me amends for its lamentable
consequence. To this effect, she offered me her services with her mistress, and
promised to undeceive her; in a word, to work night and day, that she might soften the
rigour of my sufferings, and open the career of hope.
I pass over the numberless contradictions she experienced, before she could
accomplish the projected interview. It was at length arranged to admit me privately,
while Don Blas was at his hunting-seat. The plot did not linger. The husband went
into the country, and they sent for me to his lady's apartment.
My onset was reproachful in the extreme, but my mouth was shut upon the
subject. It is useless to look back upon the past, said the lady. It can be no part of our
present intention to work upon each other's feelings; and you are grievously mistaken,
if you fancy me inclined to flatter your aspiring hopes. My sole inducement for
receiving you here was to tell you personally, that you have only henceforth to forget
me. Perhaps I might have been better satisfied with my lot, had it been united with
yours; but since heaven has ordered it otherwise, we must submit to its decrees.
What! madam, answered I, is it not enough to have lost you, to see my
successful rival in quiet possession of all my soul holds dear, but I must also banish
you from my thoughts? You would tear from me even my passion, my only remaining
blessing! And think you that a man, whom you have once enchanted, can recover his
self-possession? Know yourself better, and cease to enforce impracticable behests.
Well then! if so, rejoined she with hurried importunity, do you cease to flatter yourself
with interesting my gratitude or my pity. In one short word, the wife of Don Blas shall
never be the mistress of Don Gaston. Let us at once end a conversation at which
delicacy revolts m spite of virtue, and peremptorily forbids its longer continuance.
I now threw myself at the lady's feet in despair. All the powers of language
and of tears were called forth to soften her. But even this served only to excite some
inbred sentiments of compassion, stifled as soon as born, and sacrificed at the shrine
of duty. After having fruitlessly exhausted all my stores of tender persuasion, rage
took possession of my breast. I drew my sword, and would have fallen on its point

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before the inexorable Helena, but she saw my design and prevented it. Stay your rash
hand, Cogollos, said she. Is it thus that you consult my reputation? In dying thus and
here, you will brand me with dishonour, and my husband with the imputation of
murder.
In the agony of my despair, far from yielding to these suggestions, I only
struggled against the preventive efforts of the two women, and should have struggled
too successfully, if Don Blas had not appeared to second them. He had been apprized
of our assignation; and instead of going into the country, had concealed himself
behind the hangings, to overhear our conference. Don Gaston, cried he, as he arrested
my uplifted arm, recall your scattered senses, and no longer give a loose to these mad
transports.
Here I could hold no longer. Is it for you, said I, to turn me from my
resolution? You ought rather yourself to plunge a dagger in my bosom. My love, with
all its train of miseries, is an insult to you. Have you not surprised me in your wife's
apartment at this unseasonable hour? what greater provocation can you want for your
revenge? Stab me, and rid yourself of a man, who can only give up the adoration of
Donna Helena with his life. It is in vain, answered Don Blas, that you endeavour to
interest my honour in your destruction. You are sufficiently punished for your
rashness; and my wife's imprudence, in giving you this opportunity of indulging it, is
sanctified by the purity of her sentiments. Take my advice, Cogollos: shrink not
effeminately from your wayward destiny, but bear up against it with the patient
courage of a hero.
The prudent Galician, by such language, gradually composed the ferment of
my mind, and waked me once more to virtue. I withdrew in the determination of
removing far from the scene of my folly, and went for Madrid, two days afterwards.
There, pursuing the career of fortune and preferment, I appeared at court, and laid
myself out for connections. But it was my ill luck to attach myself particularly to the
Marquis of Villareal, a Portuguese grandee, who, lying under a suspicion of intending
to emancipate his country from the Spanish yoke, is now in the castle of Alicant. As
the Duke of Lerma knew me to be closely connected with this nobleman, he gave
orders for my arrest and detention here. That minister thought me capable of engaging
in such a project -- he could not have offered a more outrageous affront to a man of
noble birth and a Castilian.
Don Gaston thus ended his story. By way of consolation I said to him,
Illustrious sir, your honour can receive no taint from this temporary detainer, and your
interest will probably be promoted by it in the end. When the Duke of Lerma shall be
convinced of your innocence, he will not fail to give you a considerable post, and thus
retrieve the character of a gentleman unjustly accused of treason.

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CH. VII. -- Scipio finds Gil Blas out in the tower of Segovia, and brings him a
budget of news.
OUR conversation was interrupted by Tordesillas, who came into the room,
and addressed me thus: Signor Gil Blas, I have just been speaking with a young man
at the prison gate. He inquired if you were not here, and looked much mortified at my
refusal to satisfy his curiosity. Noble governor, said he, with tears in his eyes, do not
reject my most humble petition. I am Signor de Santillane's principal domestic, and
you will do an act of charity by allowing me to see him. You pass for a kind-hearted
gentleman in Segovia; I hope you will not deny me the favour of conversing for a few
minutes with my dear master, who is unfortunate rather than criminal. In short,
continued Don Andrew, the lad was so importunate, that I promised to comply with
his wishes this evening.
I assured Tordesillas that he could not have pleased me better than by bringing
this young man to me, who could probably communicate tidings of the last
importance. I waited with impatience for the entrance of my faithful Scipio; since I
could not doubt him to be the man, nor was I mistaken in my conjecture. He was
introduced at the time appointed; and his joy, which only mine could equal, broke
forth into the most whimsical demonstrations. On my side, in the ecstasy of delight, I
stretched out my arms to him, and he rushed into them with no courtly measured
embrace. All distinctions of master and dependent were levelled in the sympathetic
rapture of our meeting.
When our transports had subsided a little, I inquired into the state of my
household. You have neither household nor house, answered he: to spare you a long
string of questions, I will sum up your worldly concerns in two words. Your property
has been pillaged at both ends, both by the banditti of the law and by your own
retainers, who, regarding you as a ruined man, paid themselves their own wages out of
whatever they found that was portable. Luckily for you, I had the dexterity to save
from their harpy clutches two large bags of double pistoles. Salero, in whose custody I
deposited them, will make restitution on your release, which cannot be far distant, as
you were put upon his majesty's pension list of prisoners without the Duke of Lerma's
knowledge or consent.
I asked Scipio how he knew his excellency to have had no share in my arrest.
You may depend on it, answered he, my information is undeniable. One of my friends
in the Duke of Uzeda's confidence acquainted me with all the circumstances of your
imprisonment. Calderona, having discovered by a spy that Signora Sirena, with the
handle of an alias to her name, was receiving night visits from the Prince of Spain,
and that the Count de Lemos managed that intrigue by the panderism of Signor de
Santillane, determined to be revenged on the whole knot. To this end he waited on the
Duke of Uzeda, and discovered the whole affair. The duke, overjoyed at such a fine
opportunity of ruining his enemy, did not fail to bestir himself. He laid his
information before the king, and painted the prince's danger in the most lively colours.
His majesty was much angered, and shewed that he was so, by sending Sirena to the
nunnery provided for such frail sisters, banishing the Count de Lemos, and
condemning Gil Blas to perpetual imprisonment.
This, pursued Scipio, is what my friend told me. Hence, you gather your
misfortune to be the Duke of Uzeda's handiwork, or rather Calderona's.
Thus it seemed probable that my affairs might be reinstated in time; that the
Duke of Lerma, chagrined at his nephew's banishment, would move heaven and earth
for that nobleman's recall; and it might not be too much to expect that his excellency

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would not forget me. What a delicate gipsy is hope! She wheedled me out of all
anxiety about my shattered fortunes, and made me as light-hearted as if I had good
reason to be so. My prison looked not like the dungeon of perpetual misery, but like
the vestibule to a more distinguished station. For thus ran the train of my reasoning:
Don Fernando Borgia, Father Jerome of Florence, and more than all, Friar Louis of
Aliaga, who may thank him for his place about the king's person, are the prime
minister's partisans. With the aid of such powerful friends, his excellency will bear
down all opposition, even supposing no change to take place in the political
barometer. But his majesty's health is very precarious. The first act of a new reign
would be to recall the Count de Lemos; he would not feel himself at home in the
young monarch's presence till he had introduced me at court; and the young monarch
would not sit easy on his throne till he had showered benefits on my head. Thus,
feasting by anticipation on the pleasures of futurity, I became callous to existing evils.
The two bags, snug in the goldsmith's custody, were no bad doubles to the part which
hope acted in this shifting pantomime.
It was impossible not to express my gratitude to Scipio for his zeal and
honesty. I offered him half the salvage, but he rejected it. I expect, said he, a very
different acknowledgment. Astonished as much at his mysterious claim as at his
refusal, I asked what more I could do for him. Let us never part, answered he. Allow
me to link my fate with yours. I feel for you what I never felt for any other master.
And on my part, my good fellow, said I, you may rest assured that your attachment is
not thrown away. You caught my fancy at first sight. We must have been born under
Libra or Gemini, where friendship is lord of the ascendant. I willingly accept your
proffered partnership, and will commence business by prevailing with the warden to
immure you along with me in this tower. That is the very thing, exclaimed he. You
were beforehand with me, for I was just going to beg that favour. Your company is
dearer to me than liberty itself. I shall only just go to Madrid now and then, to snuff
the gale of the ministerial atmosphere, and try whether any scent lies which may be
favourable for your pursuit. Thus will you combine in me a bosom friend, a trusty
messenger, and an unsuspected spy.
These advantages were too important for me to forego them. I therefore kept
so useful a person about me, with leave of the obliging warden, who would not stand
in the way of so soothing a relief to the weariness of solitude.

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CH. VIII. -- Scipio's first journey to Madrid: its object and success. Gil Blas falls
sick. The consequence of his illness.
IF it is a common proverb that our direst enemies are those of our own
household, the converse ought equally to be admitted among the saws of a more
candid experience. After such incontestable proofs of Scipio's zeal, he became to me
like another self. All distinction of place was confounded between Gil Blas and his
secretary; all insolence was dropped on the one hand, all cringing on the other. Their
lodging, bed, and board were in common.
Scipio's conversation was of a very lively turn; he might have been dubbed the
Spanish Momus, without any derogation to the Punch of the Pantheon. But he had a
long head, as well as a fanciful brain, combining the characters of counsellor and
jester. My friend, said I, one day, what do you think of writing to the Duke of Lerma?
It could, methinks, do no harm. Why, as to that, answered he, the great are such
chameleons, that there is no knowing where to have them. At all events you may risk
it; though I would not lay the postage of your letter on its success. The minister loves
you, it is true; but then political love lacks memory, as much as personal love lacks
visual discrimination. Out of sight, out of mind! is at once the motto and the stigma of
these gentry.
True as this may be in the general, replied I, my patron is a glorious exception.
His kindness lives in my recollection. I am persuaded that he suffers for my
sufferings, and that they are incessantly preying on his spirits. We must give him
credit for only waiting till the king's anger shall pass away. Be it so, resumed he; I
wish you may not reckon without your host. Assail his excellency then with an epistle
to stir the waters. I will engage to deliver it into his own hands. Pen, ink, and paper
being brought, I composed a specimen of eloquence which Scipio declared to be a
paragon of pathos, and Tordesillas preferred, for the cant of sermonizing prolixity, to
the old archbishop's homilies.
I flattered myself that there would be tears in the Duke of Lerma's eyes, and
distraction in his aspect, at the detail of miseries which existed only on paper. In that
assurance, I despatched my messenger, who no sooner got to Madrid, than he went to
the minister's. Meeting with an old domestic of my acquaintance, he had no difficulty
in gaining access to the duke. My lord, said Scipio to his excellency, as he delivered
the packet, one of your most devoted servants, lying at his length on straw, in a damp
and dreary dungeon at Segovia, most humbly supplicates for the perusal of this letter,
which a tender- hearted turnkey has furnished him with the means of writing. The
minister opened the letter, and glanced over the contents. But though he found there a
motive and a cue for passion, enough to amaze all his faculties at once, far from
drowning the floor with briny secretions, he cleaved the ear of his household, and
smote the heart of my courier with horrid speech: Friend, tell Santillane that he has a
great deal of impudence to address me, after so rank an offence, worthily confronted
by the severe sentence of the king. Under that sentence let the wretch drag out his
days, nor look to my mediation for a respite.
Scipio, though neither dull nor muddy-mettled, began to be unpregnant of this
defeated cause. Yet he was not so pigeon- livered as to retire without an effort in my
favour. My lord, replied he, this poor prisoner will give up the ghost with grief, at the
recital of your excellency's displeasure. The duke answered like a prime minister, with
a supercilious corrugation of features, and a decisive revolution of his front to some
more prosperous suitor. This he did, to cover his own share in the shame of pimping;

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and such treatment must all those hireling scavengers expect, who rake in the filth and
ordure of rotten statesmen, courtiers, and politicians.
My secretary came back to Segovia and delivered the result of his mission.
And now behold me, sunk deeper than on the first day of my imprisonment, in the
gulf of affliction and despair! The Duke of Lerma's turning king's evidence gave a
hanging posture to my affairs. My courage was run out; and though they did all they
could to keep up my spirits, the agitation and distress of my mind threw me into a
fever.
The warden, who took a lively interest in my recovery, fancying in his
unmedical head that physicians cured fevers, brought me a double dose of death in
two of that doleful deity's most practised executioners. Signor Gil Blas, said he, as he
ushered in their grisly forms, here are two godsons of Hippocrates, who are come to
feel your pulse, and to augment the number of their trophies in your person. I was so
prejudiced against the whole faculty, that I should certainly have given them a very
discouraging reception, had life retained its usual charms in my estimation; but being
bent on my departure from this vale of tears, I felt obliged to Tordesillas for hastening
my journey, by a safer conveyance than the crime of suicide.
My good sir, said one of the pair, your recovery will, under Providence,
depend on your entire confidence in our skill. Implicit confidence I answered I: with
your assistance, I am fully persuaded that a few days will place me beyond the reach
of fever, and all the shocks that flesh is heir to. Yes! with the blessing of Heaven,
rejoined he, it is a consummation devoutly to be wished, and easily to be effected. At
all events, our best endeavours shall not be wanting. And indeed it was no joke: for
they got me into such fine training for the other world, that few of my material
particles were left in this. Already had Don Andrew, observing me fumble with the
sheets, and smile upon my fingers' ends, and thinking there was but one way, sent for
a Franciscan to shew it me: already had the good father, having mumbled over the
salvation of my soul, retired to the refection of his own body: and my own opinion
leaned to the immediate necessity of making a good end. I beckoned Scipio to my
bedside, My dear friend, said I, in the faint accents of a tortured and evacuated patient
I give and bequeath to you one of the bags in Gabriel's possession; the other you must
carry to my father and mother in the Asturias, who, if still living, must be in narrow
circumstances. But, alas! I fear, they have not been able to bear up against my
ingratitude. Muscada's report of my unnatural behaviour must have brought their grey
hairs with sorrow to the grave. Should Heaven have fortified their tender hearts
against my indifference, you will give them the bag of doubloons, with assurances of
my dying remorse: and, if they are no more, I charge you to lay out the money in
masses for the repose of their souls and of mine. Then did I stretch out my hand,
which he bathed in silent tears. It is not always true, that the mourning of an heir is
mirth in masquerade.
For some hours I fancied myself outward-bound, and on the point of sailing;
but the wind changed. My pilots having quitted the helm, and left the vessel to the
steerage of nature, the danger of shipwreck disappeared. The fever, mutinying against
its commanding officers, gave all their prognostics the lie, and acted contrary to
general orders. I got better by degrees, in mind as well as in body. My consolation
was all derived from within. I looked at wealth and honours with the eye of a dying
anchorite, and blessed the malady which restored my soul. I abjured courts, politics,
and the Duke of Lerma. If ever my prison doors were opened, it was my fixed resolve
to buy a cottage, and live like a philosopher.

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My bosom friend applauded my design, and to further its execution, under

took a second journey to solicit my release, by the intervention of a clever girl about
the person of the prince's nurse. He contended that a prison was a prison still, in spite
of kind indulgence and good cheer. In this I agreed, and gave him leave to depart,
with a fervent prayer to Heaven that we might soon take possession of our hermitage.

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CH. IX. -- Scipio's second journey to Madrid. Gil Blas is set at liberty on certain
conditions. Their departure from the tower of Segovia, and conversation on their
journey.
WHILE waiting for Scipio's return from Madrid, I began a course of study.
Tordesillas furnished me with more books than I wanted. He borrowed them from an
old officer who could not read, but had fitted up a magnificent library, that he might
pass for a man of learning. Above all, I delighted in moral essays and treatises,
because they abounded in common-places according with my antipathy to courts and
philosophic relish of solitude.
Three weeks elapsed before I heard a syllable from my negotiator, who
returned at length with a cheerful countenance, and news to the following effect: By
the intercession of a hundred pistoles with the chambermaid, and her intercession with
her mistress, the Prince of Spain has been prevailed with to plead for your
enlargement with his royal father. I hastened hither to announce these happy tidings,
and must return immediately to put the last hand to my work. With these words, he
left me, and went back to court
At the week's end my expeditious agent returned, with the intelligence that the
prince had procured my liberty, not without some difficulty. On the same day my
generous keeper confirmed the assurance in person, with the kindest congratulations,
and the following notice: -- Your prison doors are open, but on two conditions, which
I am sorry that my duty obliges me to announce, because they will probably be
disagreeable to you. His majesty expressly forbids you to shew your face at court, or
to be found within the limits of the two Castiles on this day month. I am extremely
sorry that you are interdicted from court. And I am delighted at it, answered I.
Witness all the powers above! I asked the king for only one favour; he has granted me
two.
With my liberty thus confirmed, I hired a couple of mules, on which we
mounted the next day, after taking leave of Cogollos, and thanking Tordesillas a
thousand times for all his instances of friendship. We set forward cheerfully on the
road to Madrid, to draw our deposit out of Signor Gabriel's hands, amounting to a
thousand doubloons. On the road my fellow-traveller observed: If we are not rich
enough to purchase a splendid property, we can at least secure ease and competency
to ourselves. A cabin, answered I, would be large enough for my most ambitious
thoughts. Though scarcely at the middle period of life, the world has lost its charms
for me; its hopes, its fears, its cares, its duties, are all absorbed in the selfishness of
philosophical retirement. Independently of these principles, I can assure you I have
painted for myself a rural landscape, with a foreground of innocent pleasures, and
pastoral simplicity in the perspective. Already does the enamel of the meadows glitter
under my eyes; already does the river's murmur accord with the winged chorus of the
grove: hunting exasperates the manly virtues, and fishing preaches patience. Only
figure to yourself; my friend, what a continual round of amusement solitude may
furnish, and you will pant to be admitted of her crew. Then for the economy of our
table, the simplest will be the cheapest, and of course the best. Unadulterated Ceres
shall be our official caterer: when hunger shall have tamed our fastidious appetites
into sobriety, a mumbled crust will relish like an ortolan. The supreme delight of
eating is not in the thing ate, but in the palate of him who eats; a proposition in
culinary philosophy, proved by the frequent loathing of my own stomach, through a
long series of ministerial dinners. Abstemiousness is a luxury of the most exquisite
refinement, and the best recipe in the materia medica.

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With your good leave, Signor Gil Blas, interrupted my secretary, I am not
altogether of your mind respecting the luscious treat of abstemiousness. Why should
we mess like the bankrupt sages of antiquity? Surely we may indulge the carnal man a
little, without any reasonable offence to the spiritual. Since we have, by the blessing
of Providence and my forecast, wherewithal to keep the spit and the spigot in
exercise, do not let us take up our abode with famine and wretchedness. As soon as
we get settled, we must stock our cellar, and establish a respectable larder, like people
who know what is what, and do not separate themselves from the vulgar crowd to
renounce the good things of this life, but to taste them with a more exquisite relish. As
Hesiod says, Enjoy thy riches with a liberal soul;Plenteous the feast, all smiling be the
bowl. And again,To stint the wine a frugal husband shows,When from the middle of
the cask it flows.
What the devil, Master Scipio, interrupted I in my turn, you can cap verses out
of the Greek poets! And pray where did you get acquainted with Hesiod? In very
learned company, answered he. I lived some time with a walking dictionary at
Salamanca, a fellow up to the elbows in quotation and commentary. He could put a
large volume together like a house of cards. His library furnished him with a hodge-
podge of Hebrew, Greek, and Latin common places, which he translated into buckram
Castilian. As I was his transcriber, some tags of verses, stings of epigrams, and sage
truisms stuck by the way. With such an apparatus, replied I, your memory must be
most philosophically stocked. But, not to lose sight of our future prospects,
whereabouts in Spain had we best fix our Socratic abode? My voice is for Arragon,
resumed my counsellor. We shall there enjoy all the beauties of nature, and lead the
life of Paradise. Well, then, for Arragon! said I. May it teem with all the dear delights
that youthful poets fancy when they dream!

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CH. X. -- Their doings at Madrid. The rencounter of Gil Blas in the street, and
its consequences.
ON our arrival in Madrid, we alighted at a little public-house where Scipio had
been accustomed to put up, whence our first visit was to my banker, Salero. He
received us very cordially, and expressed the highest satisfaction at my release.
Indeed, added he, your untoward fate touched me so nearly as to change my views of
a political alliance. The fortunes of courtiers are like castles in the air: so I have
married my daughter Gabriela to a wealthy trader. You have acted very wisely,
answered I; for besides that a bird in the hand is worth two in a bush, when a plodding
citizen aspires to the honour of bringing a man of fashion into his family, he very
often has an impertinent puppy for his son-in-law.
Then changing the topic, and coming to the point: Signor Gabriel, pursued I,
we came to talk a little about the two thousand pistoles which. . . . Your money is all
ready, said the goldsmith, interrupting me. He then took us into his closet, and
delivered the two bags, carefully labelled with my name on them.
I thanked Salero for his exactness, and heaven in my sleeve for my escape
from his daughter. At our inn we counted over the money, and found it right,
deducting fifty doubloons for the expenses of my enlargement. Our thoughts were
now wholly bent upon Arragon. My secretary undertook to buy a carriage and two
mules. It was my office to provide household and body linen. During my
peregrinations for that purpose, I met Baron Steinbach, the officer in the German
Guards with whom Don Alphonso had been brought up.
I touched my hat to him; he knew me again, and returned my greeting warmly.
My joy is extreme, said I, at seeing your lordship in such fine health, to say nothing of
my wish to inquire after Don Caesar and Don Alphonso de Leyva. They are both in
Madrid, answered he, and staying at my house. They came to town about three
months ago, to be presented on occasion of Don Alphonso's promotion. He has been
appointed Governor of Valencia, on the score of old family claims, without having in
any shape pushed his interest at court. Nothing could be more grateful to his feelings,
or prove more strongly our royal master's goodness, who delights to recognize the
merits of ancestry in the persons of their descendants.
Though I knew more of this matter than Steinbach, I kept my knowledge in the
background. Yet so lively was my impatience to hail my old masters, that he would
not damp my ardour by delay. I had a mind to try Don Alphonso, whether he still
retained his regard for me. He was playing at chess with Baroness Steinbach, On my
entrance, he started up from his game, ran towards me, and squeezing me tight in his
embrace: Santillane, said he, with demonstrations of the sincerest joy, at length, then,
you are restored to my heart. I am delighted at it! It was not my fault that we ever
parted. You may remember how strongly I urged you not to withdraw from the Castle
of Leyva. You were deaf to my entreaties. But I must not chide your obstinacy,
because its motive was the peace of the family. Yet you ought to have let me hear
from you, and to have spared my fruitless inquiries at Grenada, where my brother-in-
law, Don Ferdinand, sent me word that you were. And now tell me what you are
doing at Madrid. Of course you have some situation here. Be assured that I shall
always take a lively interest in your concerns. Sir, answered I, it is but four months
since I occupied a considerable post at court. I had the honour of being the Duke of
Lerma's confidential secretary. Can it be possible? exclaimed Don Alphonso, as if he
could scarcely believe his ears. What, were you so near the person of the prime
minister? I then related how I had gained and lost his favour, and ended with avowing

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my determination to buy a cottage and garden with the wreck of my shattered

fortunes.
The son of Don Caesar heard me attentively, and made this answer: My dear
Gil Blas, you know how I have always loved you; nor shall you longer be fortune's
puppet I will set you above her vagaries, by securing you an independence. Since you
declare for a country life, a little estate of ours near Lirias, about four leagues from
Valencia, shall be settled on you. You are acquainted with the spot. Such a present we
can make, without putting ourselves to the least inconvenience. I can answer for my
father's joining in the act, and for Seraphina's entire approbation.
I threw myself at Don Alphonso's feet, who raised me immediately. More
penetrated by his affection than by his bounty, I pressed his hand and said, Sir, your
conduct charms me. Your noble gift is the more welcome, as it precedes the
knowledge of a service it has been in my power to render you; and I had rather owe it
to your generosity, than to your gratitude. This governor of my making did not know
what to understand by the hint, and pressed for an explanation. I gave it in full, to his
utter astonishment. Neither he nor Baron Steinbach could ever have the slightest
suspicion that the government of Valencia was owing to my interest at court. Yet
having no reason to doubt the fact, my friend proposed to grant me an annuity of two
thousand ducats, in addition to the little farm at Lirias.
Hold your hand, Signor Don Alphonso! exclaimed I at this offer. You must
not set my avarice afloat again. I am myself a living witness, that fortune may give
superfluities to her favourites, but has no competence to bestow. With pleasure will I
accept of the estate at Lirias, where my present property will be sufficient for all my
wants. Rather than increase my cares with my possessions, I would build a hospital
out of my existing funds. Riches are a burden: and it must be a foolish animal that
would bear fardels in the manger or the field.
While we were talking after this fashion, Den Caesar came in. His joy was not
less than his son's at the sight of me; and being informed of the family obligations, he
again pressed me to accept of the annuity, which I again refused. When the writings
were drawn, the father and son made the assignment their joint act and deed,
transferring to me the fee simple, and putting me in immediate possession. My
secretary half stared the eyes out of his head, when I told him we lad a landed estate
of our own, and how we came by it. What is the value of this little freehold? said he.
Five hundred ducats per annum, answered I, and the farm in high cultivation, within a
ring fence. I have often been there during my stewardship. There is a small house on
the banks of the Guadalaviar, in a little hamlet, surrounded by a charming country.
What pleases me better than all, cried Scipio, is that we shall have plenty of
sporting, rare living, and excellent wine. Come, master, let us leave this crowded city,
and hasten to our hermitage. I long to be there as much as you can do, answered I; but
I must first go to the Asturias. My father and mother are not in comfortable
circumstances. They shall therefore end their days with me at Lirias. Heaven, perhaps,
has thrown this windfall in my way to try my filial duty, and would punish me for the
neglect of it Scipio approved my purpose, and urged its speedy execution. Yes, my
friend, said I, we will set out as soon as possible. I shall consider it as my dear delight
to share the gifts of fortune with the authors of my existence. We shall soon be settled
in our country retreat; and then will I write these two Latin verses over the door of my
farm-house, in letters of gold, for the pious edification of my rustic neighbours:
Inveni portum. Spes et fortuna, valete. Sat me lusistis; ludite nunc alios.

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BOOK THE TENTH.

CH. I. -- Gil Blas sets out for the Asturias; and passes through Valladolid, where
he goes to see his old master, Doctor Sangrado. By accident, he comes across
Signor Manuel Ordonnez, governor of the hospital.
JUST as I was arranging matters to take my departure from Madrid, and go
with Scipio to the Asturias, Paul V. gave the Duke of Lerma a cardinal's hat. This
pope, wishing to establish the inquisition in the kingdom of Naples, invested the
minister with the purple, and by that means hoped to bring King Philip over to so
pious and praiseworthy a design. Those who were best acquainted with this new
member of the sacred college, thought much like myself, that the church was in a fair
way for apostolical purity, after so ghostly an acquisition.
Scipio, who would have liked better to see me once more blazing at court, than
either cloistered or rusticated, advised me to shew my face at the cardinal's audience.
Perhaps, said he, his eminence, finding you at large by the king's order, may think it
unnecessary to affect any further displeasure against you, and may even reinstate you
in his service. My good friend Scipio, answered I, you seem to forget that my liberty
was granted only on condition of making myself scarce in the two Castiles. Besides,
can you suppose me so soon inclined to become an absentee from my domain of
Lirias? I have told you before, and I tell it you once again: Though the Duke of Lerma
should restore me to his good graces, though he should even offer me Don Rodrigo de
Calderona's place, I would refuse it. My resolution is taken: I mean to go and find out
my parents at Oviedo, and carry them with me to Valencia. As for you, my good
fellow, if you repent of having linked your fate with mine, you have only to say so: I
am ready to give you half of my ready money, and you may stay at Madrid, where
fortune puts on her kindest smiles to those who woo her lustily.
What then! replied my secretary, a little affected by these words, can you
suspect me of any unwillingness to follow you into your retreat? The very idea is an
injury to my zeal and my attachment . . . . What, Scipio! that faithful appendage, who
would willingly have passed the remnant of his days with you in the tower of Segovia,
rather than abandon you to your wretched fate, can he feel sorrowful at the prospect of
an abode, where a thousand rural delights are waiting to smile on his arrival? No, no, I
have not a wish to turn you aside from your resolution. Nor can I refrain from owning
my malicious drift; when I advised you to shew your face at the Duke of Lerma's
audience, it was for the purpose of ascertaining whether any seedlings of ambition
were scattered among the fallows of your philosophy. Since that point is settled, and
you are mortified to all the pomps and vanities of the world; let us make the best of
our way from court, to go and suck in with Zephyrus and Flora the innocent, delicious
pleasures so luxuriant in the nursery of our imaginations.
In fact, we soon afterwards took our departure together, in a chaise drawn by
two good mules, driven by a postilion whom I had added to my establishment. We
stopped the first day at Alcala de Henarès, and the second at Segovia, whence,
without stopping to see our generous warden, Tordesillas, we went forward to
Penáfiel on the Duero, and the next day to Valladolid. At sight of this large town, I
could not help fetching a deep sigh. My companion, surprised at that conscientious
ventilation, inquired the reason of it. My good fellow, said I, it is because I practised
medicine here for a long time. It gives me the horrors, even now, to think of my
unexpiated murders. The whole list of killed and wounded are mustered in battle-array
yonder: the tomb and the hospital yawn with their disgorged inhabitants, who are

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rushing on to tear me piece-meal, and exact the vengeance due to the drenched crew.
What a dreadful fancy! said my secretary. In truth, Signor de Santillane, your nature is
too tender. Why should you be shocked at the common course of exchange in your
branch of trade? Look at all the oldest physicians: their withers are unwrung. What
can exceed the self-complacency with which they view the exits of patients, and the
entrances of diseases? Natural constitution bears the brunt of all their failures, and
medical infallibility takes the credit of lucky accidents.
It is very true, replied I, that Doctor Sangrado, on whose practice I formed
myself, was like the rest of the old physicians in point of self-complacency. It was to
little purpose that twenty people in a day yielded to his prowess; he was so persuaded
that bleeding in the arm and copious libations of warm water were specifics for every
case, that instead of doubting whether the death of his patients might not possibly
invalidate the efficacy of his prescriptions, he ascribed the result to a vacillating
compliance with his system. By all the powers! cried Scipio with a burst of laughter,
you open to me an incomparable character. If you have any curiosity to be better
acquainted with him, said I, it may be gratified to-morrow, should Sangrado be still
living, and resident at Valladolid: but it is highly improbable; for he had one foot in
the grave when I left him several years ago.
Our first care, on putting up at the inn, was to inquire after this doctor. We
were told that he was not dead; but being incapacitated by age from paying visits or
any other vigorous exertions, he had been superseded by three or four other doctors
who had risen into repute by a new practice, accomplishing the same end by different
means. We determined on lying by for a day at Valladolid, as well to rest our mules,
as to call on Signor Sangrado. About ten o'clock next morning we knocked at his
door; and found him sitting in his elbow-chair, with a book in his hand. He rose on
our entrance; advanced to meet us with a firm step for a man of seventy, and begged
to know our business. My worthy and approved good master, said I, have you lost all
recollection of an old pupil? There was formerly one Gil Blas, as you may remember,
a boarder in your house, and for some time your deputy. What! is it you, Santillane?
answered he, with a cordial embrace. I should not have known you again. It, however,
gives me great pleasure to see you once more. What have you been doing since we
parted? Doubtless you have made medicine your profession. It was very strongly my
inclination so to do, replied I; but imperious circumstances made me reluctantly
abandon so illustrious a calling.
So much the worse, rejoined Sangrado: with the principles you sucked in
under my tuition, you would have become a physician of the first skill and eminence,
with the guiding influence of heaven to defend you from the dangerous allurements of
chemistry. Ah, my son! pursued he with a mournful air, what a change in practice
within these few years! The whole honour and dignity of the art is compromised. That
mystery, by whose inscrutable decrees the lives of men have in all ages been
determined, is now laid open to the rude, untutored gaze of blockheads, novices, and
mountebanks. Facts are stubborn things; and ere long the very stones will cry aloud
against the rascality of these new practitioners: lapides clamabunt! Why, sir, there are
fellows in this town, calling themselves physicians, who drag their degraded persons
at the currus triumphalis antimonii, or as it should properly be translated, the cart's tail
of antimony. Apostates from the faith of Paracelsus, idolaters of filthy kermes, healers
at haphazard, who make all the science of medicine to consist in the preparation and
prescription of drugs. What a change have I to announce to you! There is not one
stone left upon another in the whole structure which our great predecessors had raised.
Bleeding in the feet, for example, so rarely practised in better times, is now among the

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fashionable follies of the day. That gentle, civilized system of evacuation which
prevailed under my auspices is subverted by the reign of anarchy and emetics, of
quackery and poison. In short, chaos is come again! Every one orders what seems
good in his own eyes; there is no deference to the authority of ancient wisdom; our
masters are laid upon the shelf, and their axioms not one tittle the more regarded, for
being delivered in languages as defunct as the subjects of their application.
However desirable it might seem to laugh at so whimsical a declamation, I had
the good manners to resist the impulse; and not only that, but to inveigh bitterly
against kermes, without knowing whether it was a vegetable or an animal, and to pour
forth a commination of curses against the authors and inventors of so diabolical an
engine. Scipio, observing my by-play in this scene, had a mind to come in for his
share in the banter. Most venerable prop of the true practice, said he to Sangrado, as I
am descended in the third generation from a physician of the old school, give me
leave to join you in your philippic against chemical conspiracies. My late illustrious
progenitor, heaven forgive him all his sins! was so warm a partisan of Hippocrates,
that he often came to blows with ignorant pretenders, who vomited forth blasphemies
against that high priest of the faculty. What is bred in the bone will not come out of
the flesh: I could willingly inflict tortures and death with my own hands on those rash
innovators whose daring enormities you have characterized with such accuracy of
discrimination and such force of language. When wretches like these gain an
ascendancy in civilized society, can we wonder at the disjointed condition of the
world?
The times are even more out of joint than you are aware of, said the doctor.
My book against the vanities and delusions of the new practice might as well have
fallen still-born from the press; it seems, if anything, to have acted by contraries, and
to have exasperated heresy. The apothecaries, like the Titans of old, heaping potion
upon pill, and invading the Olympus of medicine, think themselves fully qualified to
usurp and maintain the throne, now that it is only thought necessary to set open the
doors, and to drive the enemy out at the portal or the postern by main force. They go
to the length of infusing their deadly drugs into apozems and cordials, and then set
themselves up against the most eminent of the fraternity. This contagion has spread its
influence even among the cloisters. There are monks in our convents who unite
surgery and pharmacy to the labours of the confessional. Those medical baboons are
always dipping their paws into chemistry, and inventing compositions strong enough
to lay a scene of ecclesiastical mortality in the temperate abodes of peace and religion.
Now there are in Valladolid above sixty religious houses for both sexes; judge what
ravage must have been made there by unmerciful pumping and the lancet misapplied.
Signor Sangrado, said I, you are perfectly in the right to give these poisoners no
quarter. I utter groan for groan with you, and heave the philanthropic sigh over the
invaded lives of our fellow-creatures, sinking under the fell attack of so heterodox a
practice. It fills me with horror to think what a dead weight chemistry may one day be
to medicine, just as adulterated coin operates on national credit. Far be that evil day
from this generation.
Just at this climax of our discourse, in came an old female servant, with a
salver for the doctor, on which was a little light roll and a glass with two decanters,
the one filled with water and the other with wine. After he had eaten a slice, he
washed it down with a diluted beverage, two parts water to one of wine; but this
temperate use of the good creature did not at all save him from the acrimony of my
ridicule. So so, good master doctor, said I, you are fairly caught in the fact. You a
wine- bibber! you, who have entered the lists like a knight-errant against that

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unauthenticated fermentation? you, who reached your grand climacteric on the

strength of the pure element? How long have you been so at odds with yourself? Your
time of life can be no excuse for the alteration; since, in one passage of your writings,
you define old age to be a natural consumption, which withers and attenuates the
system; and as an inference from that position, you reprobate the ignorance of those
writers who dignify wine with the appellation of old men's milk. What can you say,
therefore, in your own defence?
You belabour me most unjustly, answered the old physician. If I drank neat
wine, you would have a right to treat me as a deserter from my own standard; but your
eyes may convince you that my wine is well mixed. Another heresy, my dear apostle
of the wells and fountains! replied I. Recollect how you rated the canon Sédillo for
drinking wine, though plentifully dashed with the salubrious fluid. Own modestly and
candidly that your theory was unfounded and fanciful, and that wine is not a
poisonous liquor, as you have so falsely and scandalously libelled it in your works,
any further than, like any other of nature's bounties, it may be abused to excess.
This lecture sat rather uneasily on our doctor's feelings, as a candidate for
consistency. He could not deny his inveteracy against the use of wine in all his
publications; but pride and vanity not allowing him to acknowledge the justice of my
attack on his apostasy, he was left without a word to say for himself. Not wishing to
push my sarcasm beyond the bounds of good humour, I changed the subject; and after
a few minutes' longer stay, took my leave, gravely exhorting him to maintain his
ground against the new practitioners. Courage, Signor Sangrado! said I: never be
weary of setting your wits against kermes; and deafen the health- dispensing tribe
with your thunders against the use of bleeding in the feet. If, spite of all your zeal and
affection for medical orthodoxy, this empiric generation should succeed in
supplanting true and legitimate practice, it will be at least your consolation to have
exhausted your best endeavours in the support of truth and reason.
As my secretary and myself were walking to the inn, making our observations
in high glee on the doctor's entertaining and original character, n man from fifty five
to sixty years of age happened to pass near us in the street, walking with his eyes
fixed on the ground, and a large rosary in his hand. I conned over the distinctive cut of
his appearance most cunningly, and was rewarded in the recognition of Signor
Manuel Ordonnez, that faithful trustee for the affairs of the hospital, of whom so
honourable mention is made in the first volume of these true and instructive memoirs.
Accosting him with the most profound and unquestionable tokens of respect, I paid
my compliments in due form and order to the venerable and trust-worthy Signor
Manuel Ordonnez, the man of all the world in whose hands the interests of the poor
and needy are most safely and beneficially placed. At these words he looked me
steadfastly in the face, and answered that my features were not altogether strange to
him, but that he could not recollect where he had seen me. I used to go backwards and
forwards to your house, replied I, when one of my friends, by name Fabricio Nunez,
was in your service. Ah! I recollect the circumstance at once, rejoined the worthy
director with a cunning leer, and have good reason to do so; for you were a brace of
pleasant lads, and were by no means backward in the little scape- grace tricks of youth
and inexperience. Well! and what is become of poor Fabricio? Whenever he comes
across my thoughts, I cannot help feeling a little uneasy about his temporal and eternal
welfare.
It was to relieve your mind upon that subject, said I to Signor Manuel, that I
have taken the liberty of stopping you in the street. Fabricio is settled at Madrid,
where he employs himself in publishing miscellanies and collections. What do you

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mean by miscellanies and collections? replied he. I mean, resumed I, that he writes in
verse and prose, from epic poems and the highest branches of philosophy, down to
plays, novels, epigrams, and riddles. In short, he is a lad of universal genius, and most
exemplary benevolence; sometimes modestly taking to himself the credit of his own
compositions, and sometimes lending out his talents to the literary ambition of those
noblemen who write for their own amusement, but wish their names to be concealed,
except from a chosen circle. By traffic like this he sits at the very first tables. But how
does he sit at his own? said the director: upon what terms does he live with his baker?
Not quite so confidentially as with people of fashion, answered I; for between
ourselves, I take him to be quite as much out at elbows as ever Job was. More bonds
and judgments against him than ever Job had, take my word for it! replied Ordonnez.
Let him lick the spittle of his titled friends and patrons till his stomach heaves at the
nauseating saliva; his printed dedications and his oral flattery, in spite of all the
cringing and all the toad-eating, which constitute the stock-in-trade of his profession,
with all the profits of his works, whether by subscription or ordinary publication, will
not bring grist enough to his mill, to keep hunger from the door. Mind if what I say
does not turn out to be true! He will come to the dogs at last.
Nothing more likely! replied I; for he cohabits with the muses already; and
many a plain man has found, to his cost, that there is no keeping company with the
sisters, without being worried by their bullying brethren. My friend Fabricio would
have done much better by remaining quietly with your lordship; he would now have
been lying on a bed of roses, and everything he had touched would have turned to
gold. He would at least have been in a very snug berth, said Manuel. He was a great
favourite of mine; and I meant, by a regular gradation from subaltern to principal
situations, to have established him in ease and affluence on the basis of public charity;
but the foolish fellow took it into his head to set up for a wit. He wrote a play, and
brought it out at the theatre in this town: the piece went off tolerably well, and nothing
thenceforth would serve his turn but commencing author by profession. Lope de
Vega, in his estimation, was but a type of him: preferring, therefore, the intoxicating
vapour of public applause to the plain roast and boiled of this substantial ordinary, he
came to me for his discharge. It was to no purpose for me to argue the point, or to
prove to him what a silly cur he was, to drop the bone and run after the shadow: the
mad blockhead was so suffocated by the smother of authorship, that the instinctive
dread of fire could not rouse his alacrity to escape burning. In short, he was miserably
unconscious of his own interest, as his successor can testify: for he, possessing
practical good sense, though without half Fabricio's quickness and versatility, makes
it his whole study and delight to go through his business in a workmanlike manner,
and to fall in with all my little ways. In return for such good conduct, I pushed him
forward in a manner corresponding with his deserts; and he unites in his own person,
even at this time of day, two offices in the hospital, the least lucrative of which would
be more than sufficient to place any honest man at his ease, though encumbered with
a yearly teeming wife.

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CH. II. -- Gil Blas continues his journey, and arrives in safety at Oviedo. The
condition of his family. His father's death, and its consequences.
FROM Valladolid we got to Oviedo in four days, without any untoward
accident on the road, in spite of the proverb, which says, that robbers lay their ears to
the ground, when pilgrims are going with rich offerings, and traders are riding with fat
purses. It would have been a feasible, as well as a tempting speculation. Two tenants
of a subterraneous abode might have presented an aspect to have frightened our
doubloons into a surrender; for courage was not one of the qualities I had imbibed at
court; and Bertrand, my mule-driver, seemed not to be of a temper to get his brains
blown out in defending a purse into which he had no free ingress. Scipio was the only
one of the party who was anything of a bully.
It was night when we came into town. Our lodgings were at an inn near my
uncle, Gil Perez, the canon. I was very desirous of ascertaining the circumstances of
my parents before my first interview with them; and, in order to gain that information,
it was impossible to make my inquiries in a better channel than through my landlord
and landlady, into the lines of whose faces you could not look without being satisfied
that they knew every tittle of their neighbours' concerns. As it turned out, the landlord
kenned me after a diligent perusal of my features, and cried out: By Saint Anthony of
Padua! this is the son of the honest usher, Blas of Santillane. Ay, indeed! said the
hostess; and so it is: without a single muscle altered! just for all the world that same
little stripling Gil Blas, of whom we used to say that he was as saucy as he was high.
It brings old times to my memory! when he used to come hither with his bottle under
his arm, to fetch wine for his uncle's supper.
Madam, said I, you have a most inveterate memory; but for goodness' sake
change the subject, and tell me the modern news of my family. My father and mother
are doubtless in no very enviable situation. In good truth, you may say that, answered
the landlady: you may rack your brains as long as you like, but you will never think of
anything half so miserable as what they are suffering at this present moment. Gil
Perez, good soul! is defunct all down one side by a stroke of the palsy, and the other
half of him is little better than a corpse; we cannot expect him to last long: then your
father, who went to live with his reverence a little while ago, is troubled with an
inflammation of the lungs, and is standing, as a body may say, quavery-mavery
between life and death; while your mother, who is not over and above hale and hearty
herself, is obliged to nurse them both.
On this intelligence, which made me feel some compunctious yearnings of
nature, I left Bertrand with my stud and baggage at the inn: then, with my secretary at
my heels, who would not desert me in my time of need, I repaired to my uncle's
house. The moment I came within my mother's reach, a natural emotion of maternal
instinct unfolded to her who I was, before her eyes could possibly have run over the
traces of my countenance. Son, said she, with a melancholy expression, after having
embraced me, come and be present at your father's death; your visit is just in time to
take in all the piteous circumstances of so deplorable an event. With this heart-rending
reception, she led me by the hand into a chamber where the wretched Blas of
Santillane, stretched on a comfortless bed, in cold and dismal accord with the thinness
of his fortunes, was just entering on the last great act of human nature. Though
surrounded by the shades of death, he was not quite unconscious of what was passing
about him. My dearest friend, said my mother, here is your son Gil Blas, who entreats
your forgiveness for all his undutiful behaviour, and is come to ask your blessing
before you die. At these tidings my father opened his eyes, which where on the point

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of closing for ever: he fixed them upon me; and reading in my countenance,
notwithstanding the awful brink on which he stood, that I was a sincere mourner for
his loss, his feelings were recalled to sympathy by my sorrow. He even made an
attempt to speak, but his strength was too much exhausted. I took one of his hands in
mine, and while I bathed it with my tears, in speechless agony of soul, he breathed his
last, as if he had only waited my arrival to pay the debt of nature, and wing his way to
scenes of untried being.
This event had been too long present to my mother's mind to overwhelm her
with any unparalleled affliction. Perhaps it sat more heavily on me than on her,
though my father had never in his life given me any reason to feel for him as a father.
But besides that mere filial instinct would have made me weep over his cold remains,
I reproached myself with not having contributed to the comfort of his latter days; then,
when I considered what a hard- hearted villain I had been, I seemed to myself like a
monster of ingratitude, or rather like an impious parricide. My uncle, whom I
afterwards saw lying at his length on another wretched couch, and in a most
lamentable pickle, made me experience fresh agonies of upbraiding conscience.
Unnatural son! said I, communing with my own uneasy thoughts, behold the
chastisement of heaven upon thy sins, in the disconsolate condition of thy nearest
relations. Hadst thou but thrown to them the superflux of that abundance, in which
before thy imprisonment thou rolledst, thou mightest have procured for them those
little comforts which thy uncle's ecclesiastical pittance was too scanty to furnish, and
perhaps have lengthened out the term of thy father's life.
Gil Perez had fallen into a state of second childhood, and was, though
numerically upon the list of the living, in every individual organ a mere corpse. His
memory, nay, his very senses had retired from their allotted stations in his system.
Bootless was it for me to strain him in my pious arms, and lavish outward tokens of
affection on him: they might as well have been wasted on the desert air. To as little
purpose did my mother ring in his unnerved ear, that I was his nephew Gil Blas; be
gazed at me with a vacant, stupid stare, and gave neither sign nor answer. Had the ties
of consanguinity and gratitude been all too weak, to awaken my tender sympathy for
an uncle, to whom I owed the means of my first launch into the world, the impression
of helpless dotage on my senses must have softened me into something like the
counterfeit of virtuous emotion.
While this scene was passing, Scipio preserved a melancholy silence, sharing
in all my sorrows, and mingling his sighs with mine in the chastised luxury of
friendship. But concluding that my mother, after so long an absence, might wish to
have some such conversation with me, as the presence of a stranger must rather
repress than promote, I drew him aside, saying, Go, my good fellow, sit down quietly
at the inn, and leave me here with my only surviving parent, who might consider your
company as an intrusion, while talking over family affairs. Scipio withdrew, for fear
of being a clog upon our confidence; and I sat down with my mother to an interchange
of communication, which lasted all night. We reciprocally gave a faithful account of
all that had happened to each of us, since my first sally from Oviedo. She related, in
full measure and running over, all the petty insults, disappointments, and
mortifications, which she had undergone in her pilgrimage from house to house as a
duenna. A great number of these little anecdotes it would have hurt my pride that my
secretary should have noted down in his biographical budget, though I had never
concealed from him the ups and downs in the lottery of my own life. With all the
respect I owe to my mother's sainted memory, the good lady had not the knack of
going the shortest road to the end of a story; had she but pruned her own memoirs of

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all luxuriant circumstances, there would not have been materials for more than a tithe
of her narrative.
At length she got to the end of her tether, and I began my career. With respect
to my general adventures, I passed them over lightly; but when I came to speak of the
visit which the son of Bertrand Muscada, the grocer of Oviedo, had paid me at
Madrid, I enlarged with decent compunction on that dark article in the history of my
life. I must frankly own, said I to my mother, that I gave that young fellow a very bad
reception; and he, doubtless, in revenge, must have drawn a hideous outline of my
moral features. He did you more than justice, I trust, answered she; for he told us that
he found you so puffed and swollen with the good fortune thrust upon you by the
prime minister, as scarcely to acknowledge him among your former acquaintance; and
when he gave you a moving description of our miseries, you listened as if you had no
interest in the tale, or knowledge of the parties. But as fathers and mothers can always
find some clue for palliation in the conduct of their graceless children, we were loath
to believe that you had so bad a heart. Your arrival at Oviedo justifies our favourable
interpretation, and those tears which are now flowing down your cheeks, are so many
pledges either of your innocence or your reformation.
Your constructions were too partial, replied I; there was a great deal of truth in
young Muscada's report. When he came to see me all my faculties were engrossed by
vanity and mammon; ambition, the prevailing devil which possessed me, left not a
thought to throw away on the desolate condition of my parents. It therefore could be
no wonder, if in such a disposition of mind I gave rather a freezing reception to a man
who, accosting me in a peremptory style, took upon him to say, without mincing the
matter, that it was well known I was as rich as a Jew, and therefore he advised me to
send you a good round sum, seeing that you were very much put to your shifts: nay,
he went so far as to reproach me, in phrase of more sincerity than good manners, with
my unfeeling negligence of my family. His confounded personality stuck in my
throat; so that losing my little stock of patience, I shoved him fairly by the shoulders
out of my closet. It must be confessed that I took the administration of justice a little
too much into my own hands, being judge and party in the same cause; neither was it
proper that you should bear the brunt, because the grocer was a little anti-saccharine
in his phraseology; nor was his advice the less pertinent or just, though couched in
homely terms, or urged with plodding vulgarity.
All this came plump in the teeth of my conscience, the moment I had turned
Muscada out of doors. The voice of natural instinct contrived to make its way; my
duty to my parents brought the blood into my face; but it was the blush of shame for
its neglect, and not the glow of triumph at its performance. Yet even my remorse can
give me little credit in your eyes, since it was soon stifled in the fumes of avarice and
ambition. But some time afterwards, having been safely lodged in the tower of
Segovia by royal mandate, I fell dangerously ill there; and that timely remembrancer
was the cause of bringing back your son to you. So true is it, that sickness and
imprisonment were my best moral tutors; for they enabled nature to resume her rights,
and weaned me effectually from the court. Henceforth all my dear delight is in
solitude; and my only business in the Asturias is to entreat that you would share with
me in the mild pleasures of a retired life. If you reject not my earnest petition, I will
attend you to an estate of mine in the kingdom of Valencia, and we will live there
together very comfortably. You are of course aware that I intended to take my father
thither also; but since heaven has ordained it otherwise, let me at least have the
satisfaction of affording an asylum to my mother, and making amends by all the
attentions in my power for the fallow seasons in the former harvest of my filial duty.

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I accept your kind intentions in very good part, said my mother; and would
take the journey without hesitation, if I saw no obstacles in the way. But to desert
your uncle in his present condition would be unpardonable; and I am too much
accustomed to this part of the country, to like living elsewhere: nevertheless, as the
proposal deserves to be maturely weighed, I will consider further of it at my leisure,
At present, your father's funeral requires to be ordered and arranged. As for that, said
I, we will leave it to the care of the young man whom you saw with me; he is my
secretary, with as clever a head and as good a heart as you have often been acquainted
with; let the business rest with him; it cannot be in better hands.
Hardly had I pronounced these words, when Scipio came back; for it was
already broad day. He inquired whether he could be of any service in our present
distresses. I answered that he was come just in time to receive some very important
directions. As soon as he was made acquainted with the business in hand: A word to
the wise! said he: the whole procession with its appropriate heraldry is already
marshalled in this head of mine; you may trust me for a very pretty funeral. Have a
care, said my mother, to make it plain and decent without anything like pomp or
parade. It can scarcely be too humble for my husband, whom all the town knows to
have been low in rank, and indigent in circumstances. Madam, replied Scipio, though
he had been the meanest and most destitute of the human race, I would not bate one
button in the array of his posthumous honours. My master's credit is at stake in the
proper conduct of the ceremony; he has been in an ostensible situation under the Duke
of Lerma, and his father ought to be buried with all the forms of state and nobility.
I thought exactly as my secretary did upon the subject; and even went so far as
to bid him spare no expense on the occasion. A little leaven of vanity still fermented
in the mass of my philosophy, and rose in my bosom with all the effervescence of its
original lightness. I flattered myself that by lavishing posthumous honours on a father
who had blessed the day of his decease by no lucrative bequest, I should instil into the
conceptions of the bystanders a high sense of my generous nature. My mother, on her
part, whatever airs of humility she might put on, had no dislike to seeing her husband
carried out with due observance of funeral pomp and ceremony. We therefore left
Scipio to do just as he pleased; and he, without a moment's delay, adopted all the
necessary measures for the display of the undertaker's liveliest fancy.
The genius of that artist was called forth but too successfully. His emblems,
devices, and draperies, were so ostentatious, as to disgust instead of cajoling the
natives: every individual, whether of the town or the suburbs, whether high or low,
rich or poor, felt shocked and insulted by this after-thought parade. This ministerial
beggar on horseback, said one, can put his hand into his pocket for his father's funeral
baked meats, but never found in his heart wherewithal to furnish his living table with
common necessaries. It would have been much more to the purpose, said another, to
have made the old gentleman's latter days comfortable, than to have wasted such
thriftless sums on a post obit act of filial munificence. In short, quips of the brain and
peltings of the tongue pattered round our execrated heads. It would have been well
had the storm been only a whirlwind of passion, or hurricane of words; but we were
all, Scipio, Bertrand, and myself, corporally admonished of our misdeeds, on our
coming out of church; they abused us like pickpockets, made mouths and odious
noises as we passed, and followed Bertrand at his heels to the inn with a copious
volley of stones and mud. To disperse the mob which had collected before my uncle's
house, my mother was obliged to shew herself at the window, and to declare publicly,
that she was thoroughly satisfied with my proceedings. Another detachment had filed
off to the stable-yard where my carriage stood, in the full determination of breaking it

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to pieces; and this they would inevitably have done, if the landlord and lady had not
found some means of quieting their perturbed spirits, and turning them aside from
their outrageous purpose.
All these affronts, so revolting to my dignity, the effect of the tales which the
young grocer had been spreading about town, inspired me with such a thorough hatred
for my native place, that I determined on quitting Oviedo almost immediately, though
but for this bustle I might have made it my residence for some time. I announced my
intention, with the reasons of it, to my mother, who, considering my uncouth
reception as no very flattering compliment to herself, did not urge my longer stay
among people so little inclined to treat me civilly. The only point remaining now to be
discussed was her future destiny and provision. My dear mother, said I, since my
uncle stands so much in need of your attendance, I will no longer urge you to go along
with me; but, as his days seem likely to be very few on earth, you must promise to
come and take up your abode with me at my farm, as soon as the last duties are
performed to his honoured remains.
I shall make no such promise, answered my mother, for I mean to pass the
remnant of my days in the Asturias, and in a state of perfect independence. Will you
not on all occasions, replied I, be absolute mistress in my household? May be so, and
may be not! rejoined she: you have only to fall in love with some flirt of a girl, and
then you will marry: then she will be my daughter-in- law, and I shall be her
stepmother; and then we shall live together as step mothers and daughters-in-law
usually do. Your prognostics, said I, are fetched from a great distance. I have not at
present the most remote intention of entering into the happy state: but even though
such a whim should take possession of my brain, I will pledge myself for instructing
my wife betimes in an implicit submission to your will and pleasure. That is giving
security, without the means of making good your contract, replied my mother: you
would scarcely be able to justify bail. I would not even swear that in our sparring-
matches, you might not take your wife's part in preference to mine, however ill she
might behave, or however unreasonably she might argue.
You talk very excellent sense, madam, cried my secretary, coming in for his
share of the conversation: I think just as you do, that docility is about as much the
virtue of a donkey as of a daughter-in-law. As the matter stands, that there may be no
difference of opinion between my master and you, since you are absolutely
determined to live asunder, you in the Asturias, and he in the kingdom of Valencia, he
must allow you an annuity of a hundred pistoles, and send me hither every year for the
payment. By thus arranging matters, mother and son will be very good friends, with
an interval of two hundred leagues between them. The parties concerned fell in at
once with the proposal: I paid the first year in advance, and stole out of Oviedo the
next morning before dawn, for fear of vying with Saint Stephen in popular favour.
Such were the charms of my return to my native place. An admirable lesson this for
those successful upstarts, who having gone abroad to make their fortunes, come home
to be the purse-proud tyrants of their birth-place.

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CH. III. -- Gil Blas sets out for Valencia, and arrives at Lirias; description of his
seat; the particulars of his reception, and the characters of the inhabitants he
found there.
We took the road for Leon, afterwards that of Palencia; and, continuing our
journey by short stages, arrived on the evening of the tenth day at the town of
Segorba, whence early on the morrow we repaired to my seat, at the distance of very
little more than three leagues. In proportion as we approached nearer, it was amusing
to see with what a longing eye my secretary looked at all the estates which lay in our
way, to the right and left of the road. Whenever he caught a glimpse of any which
bespoke the rank and opulence of its owner, he never missed pointing at it with his
finger, and wishing that were the place of our retreat.
I know not, my good friend, said I, what idea you have formed of our
habitation; but if you have taken it into your head that ours is a magnificent house,
with the domain of a great landed proprietor, I warn you in time that you are laying
much too flattering an unction to your vanity.
If you have no mind to be the dupe of a warm imagination, figure to yourself
the little ornamented cottage which Horace fitted up near Tibur in the country of the
Sabines, on a small farm, the fee-simple of which was given hint by Maecenas. Don
Alphonso has made me just such another present, more as a token of affection than for
the value of the thing. Then I must expect to see nothing but a dirty hovel! exclaimed
Scipio. Bear in mind, replied I, that I have always given you quite an unvarnished
description of my place; and now, even at this moment, you may judge for yourself
whether I have not stuck to truth and nature in my representations. Just carry your eye
along the course of the Guadalaviar, and observe at a little distance from the further
bank, near that hamlet, consisting of nine or ten tenements, a house with four small
turrets; that is my mansion.
The deuce and all! stammered out my secretary, short-breathed with sudden
admiration: why, that house is one of the prettiest things in nature. Besides the
castellated air which those turrets give it, all the beauties of situation and architecture,
fertility of soil, and perfection of landscape, combine to rival or excel the immediate
neighbourhood of Seville, complimented as it is for its picturesque attractions by the
appellation of an earthly paradise. Had we chosen the place of our settlement for
ourselves, it could not have been more to my taste: a river meanders through the
grounds, distilling plenty and verdure from its fertilizing bosom; the leafy honours of
an umbrageous wood invite the mid-day walk, and qualify the temperature of the
seasons. What a heavenly abode of solitude and contemplation! Ah! my dear master,
we shall act very foolishly if we are in a hurry to run away from our happiness. I am
delighted, answered I, that you are so well satisfied with the retreat provided for us,
though yet acquainted with only a small part of its attractions.
As we were chatting in this strain, we got nearer and nearer to the house,
where the door opened, as by magic, the moment Scipio announced Signor Gil Blas
de Santillane, who was coming to take possession of his estate. At the mention of this
name, received with reverential homage by the people who had been instructed in the
transfer of their obedience, my carriage was admitted into a large court, where I
alighted; then leaning with all my weight upon Scipio, as if walking was a derogation
from my dignity, and putting on the great man after the most consequential models, I
reached the hall, where, on my entrance, seven or eight servants made their
obeisances. They told me they were come to welcome their new master with their best
loves and duties: that Don Caesar and Don Alphonso de Leyva had chosen them to

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farm my establishment, one in quality of cook, another as under-cook, a third as

scullion, a fourth as porter, and the rest as footmen; with an express injunction to
receive no wages or perquisites, as those two noblemen meant to defray all the
expenses of my household. The cook, Master Joachim by name, was commander-in-
chief of this battalion, and announced to me the whole array of the campaign; he
declared that he had laid in a large stock of the choicest wines in Spain, and insinuated
that for the solid supply of the table, he flattered himself a person of his education and
experience, who had been six years at the head of my Lord Archbishop of Valencia's
kitchen, must know how to dish up a dinner so as to meet the ideas of the most
fastidious layman in Christendom. But the proof of the pudding is in the eating, added
he; so I will just go and give you a specimen of my talent. You had better take a walk,
my lord, while dinner is getting ready: look about the premises; and see whether you
find them in tenantable condition for a person of your lordship's dignity.
The reader may guess whether I did not stir my stumps; and Scipio, still more
eager than myself to take a bird's eye inventory of our goods and chattels, dragged me
back and fore from room to room. There was not a corner of the house that we did not
peep into, from the garret to the cellar: not a closet or a cranny, at least as we
supposed, could escape our prying curiosity; and in every fresh room we went into, I
had occasion to admire the kindness of Don Caesar and his son towards me. I was
struck, among other things, with two apartments, which were as elegantly furnished as
they could be, without misplaced magnificence. One of them was hung with tapestry,
the celebrated manufacture of the Low Countries; the velvet bed and chairs were still
very handsome, though in the fashion of the time when the Moors possessed the
kingdom of Valencia. The furniture of the other room was in the same taste; to wit, an
old suit of hangings, made of yellow Genoa damask, with a bed and arm-chairs to
match, fringed with blue silk. All these effects, which would have furnished but a
sorry display in an upholsterer's shop, made no contemptible appearance in their
present situation.
After having rummaged over every article of the paraphernalia, my secretary
and myself returned to the dining-room, where the cloth was laid for two; we sat
down; and in an instant they served up so delicious an olla podrida, that we could not
help revolving on the various turns of the fate below which had parted the good
Archbishop of Valencia from his cook. We had in truth a most catholic and ravenous
appetite; a circumstance which added new zest to our praises and enjoyments.
Between every succeeding help my servants, with all the alacrity of fresh and holiday
service, filled our large glasses to the brim with wine, the choicest vintage of La
Mancha. Scipio, not thinking it genteel to express aloud the inward chucklings of his
heart at our dainty fare, winked and nodded his delight, and spoke by signs, which I
returned with the like dumb eloquence of overflowing satisfaction. The remove was a
dish of roast quails, flanking a little leveret in high order, just kept long enough; for
this we left our hash, good as it was, and gorged ourselves to a surfeit on the game.
When we had eaten as if we had never eaten before, and pledged one another in due
proportion, we rose from table and went into the garden to look out for some cool,
pleasant spot, and take our afternoon's nap voluptuously.
If hitherto my secretary had goggled satisfaction at what he had seen, he stared
wider and grinned broader at this vista vision of the garden. He scarcely allowed the
comparison to be in favour of the Escurial. The reason of its extreme niceness was
that Don Caesar, who came backwards and forwards to Lirias, took pleasure in
improving and ornamenting it. All the walks well gravelled and lined with orange
trees, a large reservoir of white marble, with a lion in bronze spouting water like a

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dolphin's deputy in the middle, the beauty of the flower borders, the profusion and
variety of the fruit trees; such pretty particulars as these made Scipio smack his lips
and snuff the air; but his raptures reached their summit at the gradual descent of a
long walk, leading to the bailiff's cottage, and over-arched by the interwoven boughs
of the trees planted on each side. While eulogizing a place so well adapted for a
refuge from the intenseness of the heat, we made a halt, and sat down at the foot of an
elm, where sleep required very little cunning to entangle two high-fed, half-tipsy
blades, just risen from so voluptuous and voracious a repast.
In about two hours we were startled out of our sleep by the report of musketry,
popping so near the head-quarters of our repose that we apprehended the camp to be
attacked. On the alert! was the first idea that invaded our dozing minds. That we
might procure the most authentic intelligence, in what direction the enemy was
approaching, we directed our march towards the bailiff's tenement. There were
collected eight or ten clodhoppers, all friends and neighbours, assembled on the green
for the purpose of honouring my arrival, just communicated to the vacant senses of
the said clodhoppers, by a discharge of fire- arms, whose barrels and furniture might
thank me for the unusual favour of a thorough cleaning. The greater part of them were
acquainted with my person, having seen me more than once at the castle, while
engaged in the business of my stewardship. No sooner did they set eyes on me, than
they all shouted in unison: Long life to our new lord and master! welcome to Lirias!
Then they loaded once again, and fired another volley in honour of the occasion. My
habits and manners were softened down to the most condescending urbanity, though
with a decorous infusion of distance, lest any degrading constructions might he put
upon too unlimited a freedom of address. With respect to my protection, I promised it
according to the customary charter of newly-installed possessors; and went so far as to
throw them a purse of twenty pistoles: and this, in my opinion, was the point of all
others in my conduct which touched their hearts most nearly. After this benefaction, I
left them at liberty to waste as much powder as they pleased, and withdrew with my
secretary into the wood, where we walked to and fro till night-fall, without being at all
tired of our rural prospect: so many charms had the view of a landscape, heightened
by the substantial beauties of ownership in fee-simple, to our elevated and delighted
imaginations.
The cook, the under-cook, and the scullion were not resting upon their oars all
this time: they were working hard to fit up for us an artifice of belly timber more
magnificent that what we had already demolished; so that we were over head and ears
in amazement, when on our return to the room where we had dined, we saw on the
table a dish of four roast partridges, with a smothered rabbit on one side, and a
fricasseed capon on the other. The second course consisted of pigs' ears, jugged game,
and chocolate cream. We drank deeply of the most delicious wines, and began to
think of going to bed, when it became a matter of doubt whether we could sit up any
longer. Then my people, with lighted candles before me, led the way to the best bed-
room, where they were all most officious in assisting to undress me: but when they
had tendered me my gown and nightcap, I dismissed them with an authoritative
undulation of my hand, signifying that their services were dispensed with for the
remainder of that night.
Thus I sent them all about their business, keeping Scipio for a little private
conference between ourselves; and I led to it by asking him what he thought of my
reception, as arranged by order of my noble patrons. Indeed and indeed, answered he,
the human heart could not devise anything more delicious. I only wish we may go on
as we have begun. I have no wish of the kind, re plied I: it is contrary to my principles

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to allow that my benefactors should put themselves to so much expense on my

account; it would be a downright fraud upon their benevolence. Besides, I could never
feel myself at home with servants in the pay of other people; it is just like living in a
lodging or an inn. Then it is to be remembered, that I did not come hither to live upon
so expensive a scale. What occasion have we for so large an establishment of
servants? Our utmost want, with Bertrand, is a cook, a scullion, and a footman.
Though my secretary would not have been at all sorry to table for a continuance at the
governor of Valencia's expense, he did not oppose his own luxurious taste to my
moral delicacy, but conformed at once to my sentiments, and approved the reduction I
was meditating to introduce. That point being decided, he left my chamber, and
betook himself to his pillow in his own.

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CH. IV. -- A journey to Valencia, and a visit to the lords of Leyva. The
conversation of the gentlemen, and Seraphina's demeanour.
I GOT my clothes off as soon as possible, and went to bed, where, finding no
great inclination to sleep, I communed with my own thoughts. The mutual attachment
between the lords of Leyva and myself was uppermost in the various topics of my
contemplation. With my heart full of their late kindness, I determined on setting out
for their residence the next day, and quenching my impatience to thank them for their
favours. Neither was it a slender gratification to anticipate another interview with
Seraphina; though there was somewhat of alloy in that pleasure: it was impossible to
reflect without shuddering, that I should at the same time have to encounter the
glances of Dame Lorenza Sephora, who might not be greatly delighted at the renewal
of our acquaintance, should her memory happen to stumble upon the circumstances
connected with a certain box on the ear. With my mind exhausted by all these
different suggestions, my eyelids at length closed, and the sun had peeped in at my
window long before they turned upon their hinges.
I was soon out of bed; and dressed myself with all possible expedition, in the
earnest desire of prosecuting my intended journey. Just as I had finished my hasty
operations, my secretary came into the room. Scipio, said I, you behold a man on the
point of setting out for Valencia. I ought to lose no time in paying my respects to
those noblemen to whom I am indebted for my little independence. Every moment of
delay in the performance of this duty throws a new weight of ingratitude on my
conscience. As for you, my friend, there is no necessity for your attendance; stay here
during my absence; I shall come back to you within the space of a week. Heaven
speed you, sir! answered he -- be sure you do not slight Don Alphonso and his father -
- they seem to me to thrill with the kindly vibrations of friendship, and to be
unbounded in their acknowledgment of obligation: gratitude and benevolence are so
uncommon in people of rank, that they deserve to be made the most of where found. I
sent a message to Bertrand, to hold himself in readiness for setting out, and took my
chocolate while he was harnessing the mules. When all was prepared, I got into my
carriage, after having directed my people to consider my secretary as master of the
house in my absence, and to obey his orders as if they were my own.
I got to Valencia in less than four hours, and drove at once to the governor's
stables, where I alighted and left my equipage. On going to the house, I was informed
that Don Caesar and his son were together. I did not wait for an introduction, but went
in without ceremony; and addressing myself to both of them, Servants, said I, never
send in their names to their masters; here is an old piece of family furniture, not
ornamental indeed, but of a fashion when gratitude was neither out of date nor out of
countenance. These words were accompanied with an effort to throw myself on my
knees; but they anticipated my purpose, and embraced me one after the other with all
possible evidence of sincere affection. Well, then, my dear Santillane, said Don
Alphonso, you have been at Lirias to take possession of your little property. Yes, my
lord, answered I; and my next request is, that you would be pleased to take it back
again. What is your reason for that? replied he. Is there anything about it at all
offensive to your taste? Not in the place itself, rejoined I: on the contrary, that is
everything that my heart can wish; the only fault I have to find with it is, that the
kitchen smells too strongly of the hierarchy; a lay Christian should not live like an
archbishop; besides that, there are three times as many servants as are necessary, and
consequently you are put to an expense at once enormous and useless.

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Had you accepted the annuity of two thousand ducats which we offered you at
Madrid, said Don Caesar, we should have thought it enough to give you the mansion
furnished as it is: but you know, you refused it; and we felt it but right to do what we
have done as an equivalent. Your bounty has been too lavish, answered I: the gift of
the estate was the utmost limit to which it should have been extended, and that was
more than sufficient to crown my largest wishes. But to say nothing about what it has
cost you to keep up so great and expensive an establishment, I declare to you most
solemnly that these people stand in my way, and are a great annoyance. In one word,
gentlemen, either take back your boon, or give me leave to enjoy it in my own way. I
pronounced these last words so much as if I was in earnest, that the father and son, not
meaning to lay me under any unpleasant restraint, at length gave me their permission
to manage my household as it should seem expedient to my better judgment.
I was thanking them very kindly for having granted me that privilege, without
which a dukedom would have been but splendid slavery, when Don Alphonso
interrupted me by saying: My dear Gil Blas, I will introduce you to a lady who will be
extremely happy to see you. Thus preparing me for the interview, he took me by the
hand and led the way to Seraphina s apartment, who set up a scream of joy on
recognizing me. Madam, said the governor, I flatter myself that the visit of our friend
Santillane at Valencia is not less acceptable to you than myself. On that head,
answered she, he may rest confidently assured; time has not obliterated the
remembrance of the service which he once rendered me and to that must be added a
new debt of gratitude incurred on the score of your obligations. I told the governor's
lady that I was already too well requited for the danger which I had shared in common
with her deliverers, in exposing my life for her sake: compliments to the like effect
were bandied about for some time on both sides, when Don Alphonso motioned to
quit Seraphina's room. We then went back to Don Caesar, whom we found in the
saloon with a fashionable party, who were come to dinner.
All these gentleman were introduced, and paid their compliments to me in the
politest manner; nor did their attentions relax in assiduity, when Don Caesar told them
that I had been one of the Duke of Lerma's principal secretaries. In all likelihood
several of them might not be unacquainted that Don Alphonso had been promoted to
the government of Valencia by my interest, for political secrets are seldom kept.
However that might be, while we were at table, the conversation principally turned on
the new cardinal. Some of the company either were, or affected to be, his unqualified
admirers, while others allowed his merit upon the whole, but thought it had been
rather overrated. I plainly saw through their design of drawing me on to enlarge on the
subject of his eminence, and to gratify their taste for scandal with court anecdotes at
his expense. I could have been well enough pleased to have delivered my real
sentiments on his character, but I kept my tongue within my teeth, and thereby passed
in the estimation of the guests for a close, confidential, politic, trustworthy young
statesman.
The party respectively retired home after dinner to take their usual nap, what
Don Caesar and his son, yielding to a similar inclination, shut themselves up in their
apartments.
For my own part, full of impatience to see a town which I had so often heard
extolled for its beauty, I went out of the governor's palace with the intention of
walking through the streets. At the gate a man accosted me with the following
address: Will Signor de Santillane allow me to take the liberty of paying my respects
to him? I asked him who and what he was. I am Don Caesar's valet-de- chambre,
answered he, but was one of his ordinary footmen during your stewardship; I used to

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make my court to you every morning, and you used to take a great deal of notice of
me. I regularly gave you intelligence of what was passing in the house. Do you
recollect my apprising you one day that the village surgeon of Leyva was privately
admitted into Dame Lorenza Sephora's bedchamber? It is a circumstance which I have
by no means forgotten, replied I. But now that we are talking of that formidable
duenna, what is become of her? Alas! resumed he, the poor creature moped and
dwindled after your departure, and at length gave up the ghost, more to the grief of
Seraphina than of Don Alphonso, who seemed to consider her death as no great evil.
Don Caesar's valet-de-chambre, having thus acquainted me with Sephora's
melancholy end, made an humble apology for having presumed to stop my walk, and
then left me to continue my progress. I could not help paying the tribute of a sigh to
the memory of that ill-fated duenna; and her decease affected me the more, because I
taxed myself with that melancholy catastrophe, though a moment's reflection would
have convinced me, that the grave owed its precious prey to the inroads of her cancer
rather than to the cruel charms of my person.
I looked with an eye of pleasure upon everything worth notice in the town.
The archbishop's marble palace feasted my eyes with all the magnificence of
architecture; nor were the piazzas which surrounded the exchange much inferior in
commercial grandeur; but a large building at a distance, with a great crowd standing
before the doors, attracted all my attention. I went nearer, to ascertain the reason why
so great a concourse of both sexes was collected, and was soon let into the secret by
reading the following inscription in letters of gold on a tablet of black marble over the
door: La Posada de los Representantes [The theatre] . The play-bills announced for
that day a new tragedy, never performed, and gave the name of Don Gabriel
Triaquero as the author.

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CH. V. -- Gil Blas goes to the play, and sees a new tragedy. The success of the
piece. The public taste at Valencia.
I STOPPED for some minutes before the door, to make my remarks on the
people who were going in. There were some of all sorts and sizes. Here was a knot of
genteel-looking fellows, whose tailors at least had done justice to their fashionable
pretensions; there a mob of ill-favoured and ill-mannered mortals, in a garb to identify
vulgarity. To the right was a bevy of noble ladies, alighting from their carriages to
take possession of their private boxes; to the left a tribe of female traders in lubricity,
who came to sell their wares in the lobby. This mixed concourse of spectators, as
various in their minds as in their faces, gave me an itching inclination to increase their
number. Just as I was taking my check, the governor and his lady drove up. They
spied me out in the crowd, and having sent for me, took me with them to their box,
what I placed myself behind them, in such a position as to converse at my ease with
either.
The theatre was filled with spectators from the ceiling downwards, the pit
thronged almost to suffocation, and the stage crowded with knights of the three
military orders. Here is a full house! said I to Don Alphonso. You are not to consider
that as anything extraordinary, answered he; the tragedy now about to be produced is
from the pen of Don Gabriel Triaquero, the most fashionable dramatic writer of his
day. Whenever the play-bill announces any novelty from this favourite author, the
whole town of Valencia is in a bustle. The men as well as the women talk incessantly
on the subject of the piece: all the boxes are taken; and, on the first night of
performance, there is a risk of broken limbs in getting in, though the price of
admission is doubled, with the exception of the pit, which is too authoritative a part of
the house for the proprietors to tamper with its patience. What a paroxysm of
partiality! said I to the governor. This eager curiosity of the public, this hot-headed
impatience to be present at the first representation of Don Gabriel's pieces, gives me a
magnificent idea of that poet's genius.
At this period of our conversation the curtain rose. We immediately left off
talking, to fix our whole attention on the stage. The applauses were rapturous even at
the prologue: as the performance advanced, every sentiment and situation, nay, almost
every line of the piece called forth a burst of acclamation; and at the end of each act
the clapping of hands was so loud and incessant, as almost to bring the building about
our ears. After the dropping of the curtain, the author was pointed out to me, going
about from box to box, and with all the modesty of a successful poet, submitting his
head to the imposition of those laurels, which the genteeler, and especially the fairer
part of the audience had prepared for his coronation.
We returned to the governor's palace, where we were met by a party of three
or four gentlemen. Besides these mere amateurs, there were two veteran authors of
considerable eminence in their line, and a gentleman of Madrid with tolerably fair
claims to critical authority and judgment They had all been at the play. The new piece
was the only topic of conversation during supper- time. Gentlemen, said a knight of St
James, what do you think of this tragedy? Has it not every claim to the character of a
finished work? Thoughts that breathe, and words that burn, a hand to touch the true
chords of pity, and sweep the lyre of poetry; requisites how rarely, and yet how
admirably united! In a word, it is the performance of a person mixing in the higher
circles of society. There can be no possible difference of opinion on that subject, said
a knight of Alcantara. The piece is full of strokes which Apollo himself might have
aimed, and of perplexities contrived so that none but the author himself could have

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unravelled them. I appeal to that acute and ingenious stranger, added he, addressing
his discourse to the Castilian gentleman; he looks to me like a good judge, and I will
lay a wager that he is on my side of the question. Take care how you stake on an
uncertainty, my worthy knight, answered the gentleman with a sarcastic smile. I am
not of your provincial school; we do not pass our judgment so hastily at Madrid. Far
from sentencing a piece on its first representation, we are jealous of its apparent merit
while aided by scenic deception; our fancies and our feelings may be carried away for
the moment, but our serious decision is suspended till we have read the work; and the
most common result of its appeal to the press is a defalcation from its powers of
pleasing on the stage.
Thus you perceive, pursued he, that it is our practice to examine a work of
genius closely before we stamp on it the mark of a stock piece: its author's fame, let it
ring as loudly as it may, can never confound our exactness of discrimination. When
Lope de Vega himself or Calderona ventured on the boards, they encountered rigid
critics, though in an audience which doted on them: critics who would not sign their
passport to the regions of immortality till they had sifted their claims to be admitted
there.
That is a little too much, interrupted the knight of St James. We are not quite
so cautious as you. It is not our custom to wait for the printing of a piece in order to
decide on its reputation. By the very first performance it sinks or swims. It does not
even seem necessary to be inconveniently attentive to the business of the stage. It is
sufficient that we know it for a production of Don Gabriel, to be persuaded that it
combines every excellence. The works of that poet may justly be considered as
commencing a new era, and fixing the criterion of good taste. The school of Lope and
Calderona was the mere cart of Thespis, compared with the polished scenes of this
great dramatic master. The gentleman, who looked up to Lope and Calderona as the
Sophocles and Euripides of the Spaniards, could not easily be brought to acknowledge
such wild canons of criticism. This is dramatic heresy with a vengeance! exclaimed
he. Since you compel me, gentlemen, to decide like you on the fallacious evidence of
a first night, I must tell you that I am not at all satisfied with this new tragedy of your
Don Gabriel. As a poem it abounds more with glittering conceits than with passages
of pathos or delineations of nature. The verses, three out of four, are defective either
in measure or rhyme; the characters, clumsily imagined or incongruously supported;
and the thoughts have often the obscurity of a riddle without its ingenuity.
The two authors at table, who, with a prudence equally commendable and
unusual, had said nothing for fear of lying under the imputation of jealousy, could not
help assenting to the last speaker's opinions by their looks; which warranted me in
concluding that their silence was less owing to the perfection of the work than to the
dictates of personal policy. As for the military critics, they got to their old topic of
ringing the changes on Don Gabriel, and exalted him to a level with the under-tenants
of Olympus. This extravagant association with the demi-gods, this blind and stiff-
necked idolatry, divorced the Castilian from his little stock of patience, so that, raising
his hands to heaven, he broke out abruptly into a volley of enthusiasm: O divine Lope
de Vega, sublime and unrivalled genius, who has left an immeasurable space between
thee and all the Gabriels who would light their tapers from thy bright effulgence! and
thou, mellow, soft-voiced Calderona, whose elegance and sweetness, rejecting
buskined rant and tragic swell, reign with undisputed sway over the affections, fear
not, either of you, lest your altars should be overturned by this tongue-tied nurseling
of the muses! It will be the utmost of his renown, if posterity, before whose eyes your

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works shall live in daily view, and form their dear delight, shall enrol his name, as.
matter of history and curious record, on the list of obsolete authors.
This animated apostrophe, for which the company was not at all prepared,
raised a hearty laugh, after which we all rose from table and withdrew. An apartment
had been got ready for me by Don Alphonso's order, where I found a good bed; and
my lordship, lying down in luxurious weariness, went to sleep upon the tag of the
Castilian gentleman's impassioned vindication, and dreamed most crustily of the
injustice done to Lope and Calderona by ignorant pretenders.

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CH. VI. -- Gil Blas, walking about the streets of Valencia, meets with a man of
sanctity, whose pious face he has seen somewhere else. What sort of man this
man of sanctity turns out to be.
As I had not been able to complete my view of the city on the preceding day, I
got up betimes in the morning with the intention of taking another walk. In the street I
remarked a Carthusian friar, who doubtless was thus early in motion to promote the
interests of his order, He walked with his eyes fixed on the ground, and a gait so holy
and contemplative, as to inspire every passenger with religious awe. His path was in
the same direction as mine, I looked at him with more than ordinary curiosity, and
could not help fancying it was Don Raphael, that man of shifts and expedients, who
has already secured so honourable a niche in the temple of fame. (See Books I. to VI.
of my Memoirs.)
I was so utterly astonished, so thrown off my balance by this meeting, that
instead of accosting the monk, I remained motionless for some seconds, which gave
him time to get the start of me. Just heaven! said I, were there ever two faces more
exactly alike? I do not know what to make of it! It seems incredible that Raphael
should turn up in such a guise! And yet how is it possible to be any one else! I felt too
great a curiosity to get at the truth not to pursue the inquiry. Having ascertained the
way to the monastery of the Carthusians, I repaired thither immediately, in the hope of
coming across the object of my search on his return, and with the full intent of
stopping and parleying with him. But it was quite unnecessary to wait for his arrival
to enlighten my mind on the subject: on reaching the convent gate, another
physiognomy, such as few persons had read without paying for their lesson, resolved
all my doubts into certainty; for the friar who served in the capacity of porter was
unquestionably my old and godly-visaged servant, Ambrose de Lamela.
Our surprise was equal on both sides at meeting again in such a place. Is not
this a play upon the senses? said I, paying my compliments to him. Is it actually one
of my friends who presents himself to my astonished sight? He did not know me again
at first, or probably might pretend not to do so; but reflecting within himself that it
was in vain to deny his own identity, he assumed the start of a man who all at once
hits upon a circumstance which had hitherto escaped his recollection, Ah, Signor Gil
Blas! exclaimed he, excuse my not recognizing your person immediately. Since I have
lived in this holy place, every faculty of my soul has been absorbed in the
performance of the duties prescribed by our rules, so that by degrees I lose the
remembrance of all worldly objects and events.
After a separation of ten years, said I, it gives me much pleasure to find you
again in so venerable a garb. For my part, answered he, it fills me with shame and
confusion to appear in it before a man who has been an eye-witness of my guilty
courses. These ghostly weeds are at once the charm of my present life, and the
condemnation of my former. Alas! added he, heaving a righteous sigh, to be worthy of
wearing it, my earlier years should have been passed in primitive innocence. By this
discourse, so rational and edifying, replied I, it is plain, my dear brother, that the
finger of the Lord has been upon you, that you are marked out for a vessel of
sanctification. I tell you once again, I am delighted at it, and would give the world to
know in what miraculous manner you and Raphael were led into the path of the
righteous; for I am persuaded that it was his own self whom I met in the town, habited
as a Carthusian. I was extremely sorry afterwards not to have stopped and spoken to
him in the street; and I am waiting here to apologize for my neglect on his return.

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You were not mistaken, said Lamela, it was Don Raphael himself whom you
saw; and as for the particulars of our conversion, they are as follow: After parting
with you near Segorba, we struck into the Valencia road, with the design of bettering
our trade by some new speculation. Chance or destiny one day led our steps into the
church of the Carthusians, while service was performing in the choir. The demeanour
of the brethren attracted our notice, and we experienced in our own persons the
involuntary homage which vice pays to virtue. We admired the fervour with which
they poured forth their devotions, their looks of pious mortification, their deadness to
the pleasures of the world and the flesh, and in the settled composure of their
countenances, the outward sign of an approving conscience within.
While making these observations, we fell into a train of thought which became
like manna to the hungry and thirsty soul: we compared our habits of life with the
employments of these holy men, and the wide difference between our spiritual
conditions filled us with confusion and affright. Lamela, said Don Raphael, as we
went out of church, how do you stand affected by what we have just seen? For my
part, there is no disguising the truth, my mind is ill at ease. Emotions, new and
indescribable, are rushing upon my mind: and, for the first time in my life, I reproach
myself with the wickedness of my past actions. I am just in the same temper of soul,
answered I; my iniquities are all drawn up in array against me, they beset me, they
stare me in the face; my heart, hitherto proof against all the arrows of remorse, is at
this moment shot through, torn and disfigured, tormented and destroyed. Ah! my dear
Ambrose, resumed my partner, we are two stray sheep, whom our Heavenly Father, in
mercy, would lead back gently to the fold. It is he himself, my child, it is he who
warms and guides us. Let us not be deaf to the call of his voice; let us abandon all our
wicked courses, let us begin from this day to work out our salvation with diligence
and in the spirit of repentance: we had better spend the remainder of our days in this
convent, and consecrate them to penitence and devotion.
I applauded Raphael's sentiment, continued brother Ambrose; and we formed
the glorious resolution of becoming Carthusians. To carry it into effect, we applied to
the venerable prior, who was no sooner made acquainted with our purpose, than to
ascertain whether our call was front the world above or the world beneath, he
appointed us to cells, and all the strictness of monkish discipline, for a whole year.
We acted up to the rules with equal regularity and fortitude, and, by way of reward,
were admitted among the novices. Our condition was so much what we wished it, and
our hearts were so full of religious zeal, that we underwent the toils of our noviciate
with unflinching courage. When that was over, we professed; after which, Don
Raphael, appearing admirably well qualified, both by natural talent and various
experience, for the management of secular concerns, was chosen assistant to an old
friar who was at that time proctor. The son of Lucinda would infinitely have preferred
dedicating every remaining moment of his existence to prayer; but he found it
necessary to sacrifice his taste for devotion, in furtherance of the general prosperity.
He entered with so much zeal and knowledge into the interests of the house, that he
was considered as the most eligible person to succeed the old proctor, who died three
years afterwards. Don Raphael accordingly fills that office at present; and it may be
truly said that he discharges his duty to the entire satisfaction of all our fathers, who
praise in the highest terms his conduct in the administration of our temporalities.
What is most of all miraculous, and shews the hand of heaven in his conversion, is
that, with such an accumulation of business rushing in upon him in his bursarial
department, his regards are inalienably fixed on the world to come. When business
leaves him but a moment to recruit nature, instead of lavishing the short period in

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indulgence, his thoughts wing their way into the regions of devout and holy
meditation. In short, he is the most exemplary member of this body.
At this period of our conversation I interrupted Lamela by an ebullition of joy
to which I gave vent at the sight of Raphael coming in. Here he is! exclaimed I:
behold that righteous bursar for whom I have been so impatiently waiting. With a leap
and a bound did I run to meet and embrace him. He submitted to the hug with his
newly-acquired resignation; and, without betraying the slightest shock at meeting with
an old companion of his profaner hours, his words were dictated by the spirit of
gentleness and humility: The powers above be praised, Signor de Santillane, the
powers be praised for this kind providence whereby we meet again. In good truth, my
dear Raphael, replied I, your happy destiny pleases me as much as if it had been my
own good luck; brother Ambrose has told me the whole story of your conversion, and
the tale almost moved me to a similar change. What a glorious lot for you two, my
friends, when you have reason to flatter yourselves with being among that picked
number of the elect, who have eternal happiness thrust upon them whether they will or
no!
Two miserable sinners like ourselves, resumed the son of Lucinda, with an air
which marked the extreme of sanctified morality, must not hope that our own merits
are of weight enough to save our souls; but even the wicked one who repenteth,
findeth grace with the Father of mercies. And you, Signor Gil Blas, added he, is it not
time to lay in a claim for pardon of the offences which you have committed? What is
your business here in Valencia? Are you not hankering after some office of devil's
deputy, and making shipwreck of your voyage to another world? Not so, by the
blessing of heaven, answered I; since I turned my back on the court, I have led a very
moral sort of life: sometimes enjoying rural recreations on an estate of mine at a few
leagues distance from this town, and sometimes coming hither to pass my time with
my friend the governor, whom you both of you must know perfectly well.
On this cue I related to them the story of Don Alphonso de Leyva. They heard
the particulars with attention; and on my telling them that I had carried to Samuel
Simon, on the part of that nobleman, the three thousand ducats of which we had
robbed him, Lamela interrupted the thread of my narrative, and addressing his
discourse to Raphael, said: Father Hilary, if this be true, the honest vendor of wares
has no reason to quarrel with a robbery which has paid him fifty per cent; and our
consciences, as far as that indictment goes, may bask in the sunshine of acquitted
innocence. Brother Ambrose and I, said the bursar, did actually, on the assumption of
the habit, send Samuel Simon fifteen hundred ducats privately, by a pious ecclesiastic
who made a pilgrimage to Xelva for the sole purpose of accomplishing this
restitution; but it will go hard with Samuel at the general reckoning, if he for filthy
lucre could soil his fingers with that sum, after having been reimbursed in full by
Signor de Santillane. But, said I, how do you know that your fifteen hundred ducats
were faithfully paid into his hands? Unquestionably they were! exclaimed Don
Raphael; I would answer for the disinterested purity of that ecclesiastic as soon as for
my own. I would be your collateral security, said Lamela; he is a priest of the strictest
sanctity, a sort of universal almoner; and though many times cited for sums of money,
deposited with him for charitable uses, he has always nonsuited the plaintiff and gone
out of court with an augmentation of alms-giving notoriety.
Our conversation continued for some time longer: at length we parted, with
many a pious exhortation on their side, always to have the fear of the Lord before my
eyes, and with many an earnest intreaty on mine, that they would remember me
constantly in their prayers. Don Alphonso was now the first object of my search. You

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will never guess, said I, with whom I have just had a long conference. I am but now
come from two venerable Carthusians of your acquaintance; the name of the one is
father Hilary, that of the other, brother Ambrose. You are mistaken, answered Don
Alphonso; I am not acquainted with a single Carthusian. Pardon me, replied I; you
have seen brother Ambrose at Xelva in the capacity of commissary, and father Hilary
as register to the Inquisition. Oh heaven! exclaimed the governor with surprise, can it
be within the bounds of possibility that Raphael and Lamela should have turned
Carthusians? It is even so, answered I; they professed several years ago. The former is
bursar and proctor to the convent; the latter, porter.
The son of Don Caesar rubbed his forehead twice or thrice, then shaking his
bead, These worshipful officers of the Inquisition, said he, most assuredly purpose
playing over the old farce on a new stage here. You judge of them by prejudice,
answered I, from the impression of their characters as men of sin: but had you been
edified by their lectures as I have been, you would think more favourably of their
holiness. To be sure, it is not for mortal men to fathom the depth of other men's
hearts; but to all appearance they are two prodigals returned home. It possibly may be
so, replied Don Alphonso: there are many instances of libertines, who hide their heads
in cloisters, after having scandalized human nature by their obliquities, to expiate their
offences by a severe penance: I heartily wish that our two monks may be such
libertines restored.
Well! and why not? said I. They have embraced the monastic life of their own
accord, and have squared their conduct for a length of time according to the maxims
of their order. You may say what you please, retorted the governor; but I do not like
the convent's rents being received by this father Hilary, of whom I cannot help
entertaining a very untoward opinion. When the fine story he told us of his adventures
comes across my mind, I tremble for the reverend brotherhood. I am willing to believe
with you, that he has taken the vow with the pious intention of keeping it; but the
blaze of gold may be too much for the weakness of his regenerated eye-sight. It is bad
policy to lock up a reformed drunkard in a wine cellar.
In the course of a few days Don Alphonso's misgivings were fully justified;
these two official props and stays of the establishment ran away with the year's
revenue. This news, which was immediately noised about the town, could not do
otherwise than set the tongues of the wits in motion; for they always make themselves
merry at the crosses and losses of the well-endowed religious orders. As for the
governor and myself, we condoled with the Carthusians, but kept our acquaintance
with the apostate pilferers in the background.

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CH. VII. -- Gil Blas returns to his seat at Lirias. Scipio's agreeable intelligence,
and a reform in the domestic arrangements.
I PASSED a week at Valencia in the first company, living on equal terms with
the best of the nobility. Plays, balls, concerts, grand dinners, ladies' parties, all things
that heart could wish or vanity grow tall upon, were provided for me by the governor
and his lady, to whom I paid my court so dexterously, that they were heartily sorry to
see me set out on my return to Lirias. They even obliged me, before they would let me
go, to engage for a division of my time between them and my hermitage. It was
determined that I should spend the winter in Valencia, and the summer at my seat.
After this bargain, my benefactors left me at liberty to tear myself from them, and go
where their kindness would be always staring me in the face.
Scipio, who was waiting impatiently for my return, was ready to jump out of
his skin for joy at the sight of me; and his ecstasies were doubled at my circumstantial
account of the journey. And now for your history, my friend, said I, taking breath: to
what moral uses have you turned the solitary period of my absence? Has the time
passed agreeably? As well, answered he, as it could with a servant to whom nothing is
so dear as the presence of his master. I have walked over our little domain,
circuitously and diagonally: sometimes seated on the margin of a fountain in our
wood, I have taken pleasure in be holding the transparency of its waters, which are as
pellucid as those of the sacred spring, whose projection from the rock made the vast
forest of Albunea to resound with the roar of the cascade: sometimes lying at the foot
of a tree, I have listened to the song of the linnet or the nightingale. At other times I
have hunted or fished; and, what has given me more rational delight than all these
pastimes, I have whiled away many a profitable hour in the improvement of my mind.
I interrupted my secretary in a tone of eager inquiry, to ask where he had
procured books. I found them, said he, in an elegant library here in the house, whither
master Joachim took me. Heyday! in what corner, resumed I, can this said library be?
Did we not go over the whole building on the day of our arrival? You fancied so,
rejoined he; but you are to know that we only explored three sides of the square, and
forgot the fourth. It was there that Don Caesar, when he came to Lirias, employed part
of his time in reading. There are in this library some very good books, left as a never-
failing phylactery against the blue devils, when our gardens despoiled of Flora's
treasure, and our woods of their leafy honours, shall no longer challenge those
miscreant invaders to combat in the forest or the bower. The lords of Lena have not
done things by halves, but have catered for the mind as well as for the body.
This intelligence filled me with sincere rapture. I was shewn to the fourth side
of the square, and feasted with an intellectual banquet Don Caesar's room I
immediately determined to make my own. That nobleman's bed was still there, with
correspondent furniture, consisting of historical tapestry, representing the rape of the
Sabine women by the Romans. From the bed-chamber, I went into a closet fitted up
with low bookcases well filled, and over them the portraits of the Spanish kings. Near
a window whence you command a prospect of a most bewitching country, there was
an ebony writing-desk and a large sofa, covered with black morocco. But I gave my
attention principally to the library. It was composed of philosophers, poets, historians;
and abounded in romances. Don Caesar seemed to give the preference to that light
reading, if one might judge by the profusion of supply. I must own, to my shame, that
my taste was not at all above the level of those productions, notwithstanding the
extravagances they delight in stringing together; whether it was owing to my not
being a very critical reader at that time, or because the Spaniards are naturally

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addicted to the marvellous. I must nevertheless plead in my own justification, that I

was alive to the charms of a sprightly and popular morality, and that Lucian, Horace,
and Erasmus became my favourite and standard authors.
My friend, said I to Scipio, when my eyes had coursed over my library, here is
wherewithal to feed and pamper our minds; but our present business is to reform our
household. On that subject I can spare you a great deal of trouble, answered he.
During your absence I have sifted your people thoroughly, and flatter myself it is no
empty boast to say that I know them. Let us begin with master Joachim: I take him to
be as great a scoundrel as ever breathed, and have no doubt but he was turned away
from the archbishop's for errors which were too great to be excepted in the passing of
his accounts. Yet we must keep him for two reasons: the first, because he is a good
cook; and the second, because I shall always have an eye over him; I shall peep into
his actions like a jackdaw into a marrow-bone, and he must be a more cunning fellow
than I take him for, to evade my vigilance. I have already told him that you intended
discharging three-fourths of your establishment. This declaration stuck in his stomach;
and he assured me that, owing to his extreme desire of living with you, he would be
satisfied with half his present wages rather than be turned off, which made me suspect
that he was tied to the string of some petticoat in the hamlet, and did not like to break
up his quarters. As for the under-cook, he is a drunkard, and the porter a foul-mouthed
Cerberus, of whose guardianship our gates are in no want; neither is the gamekeeper a
necessary evil. I shall take the latter office myself, as you may see to-morrow, when
we have got our fowling-pieces in order, and are provided with powder and shot. With
regard to the footmen, one of them is an Arragonese, and to my mind a very good sort
of fellow. We will keep him; but all the rest are such rapscallions, that I would not
advise you to harbour one of them, if you wanted an army of attendants.
After having fully debated the point, we resolved to keep well with the cook,
the scullion, the Arragonese, and to get rid of the remainder as decently as we could:
all which was planned and executed on the same day, mollifying the bitter dose by the
application of a few pistoles, which Scipio took from our strong box, and distributed
among them as from me. When we had carried this reform into effect, order was soon
established in our mansion; we divided the business fairly among our remaining
people, and began to look into our expenses. I could willingly have been contented
with very frugal commons; but my secretary, loving high dishes and relishing bits,
was not a man who would suffer master Joachim to hold his place as a sinecure. He
kept his talents in such constant play, working double tides at dinner and at supper,
that any one would have thought we had been converted by father Hilary, and were
working out the term of our probation.

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CH. VIII. -- The loves of Gil Blas and the fair Antonia.
Two days after my return from Valencia to Lirias, clodpole Basil, my farming
man, came at my dressing-time, to beg the favour of introducing his daughter
Antonia, who was very desirous, as he said, to have the honour of paying her respects
to her new master. I answered that it was very proper, and would be well received. He
withdrew, and in a few minutes returned with his peerless Antonia. That epithet,
though bold, will not be thought extravagant, in the case of a girl from sixteen to
eighteen years of age, uniting to regular features the finest complexion and the
brightest eyes in the world. She was dressed in nothing better than a stuff gown; but a
stature somewhat above the female standard, a dignified deportment, and such graces
as soared higher than the mere freshness and glow of youth, communicated to her
rustic attire the simplicity of classical costume. She had no cap on her head; her hair
was fastened behind with a knot of flowers, according to the chaste severity of the
Spartan fashionables.
When she illumined my chamber with her presence, I was struck as much on a
heap by her beauty, as ever were the princes, knights, nobles, and strangers assembled
at the solemn feast and tournament of Charlemain, by the personal charms of
Angelica. Instead of receiving Antonia with modish indifference, and paying her
compliments of course, instead of ringing the changes on her father's happiness in
possessing so lovely a daughter, I stood stock still, staring, gaping, stammering: I
could not have uttered an articulate sound for the universal world. Scipio, who saw
clearly what was the matter with me, took the words out of my mouth, and accepted
those bills of admiration which my affairs were in too much disorder to admit of my
duly honouring For her part, my figure being shrouded by a dressing-gown and night-
cap, like the orb of day by a winter fog, she accosted me without being shame-faced,
and paid her duty in terms which fired all the combustibles in my composition, though
her words were but the holiday expressions of common-place salutation. In the mean
time, while my secretary, Basil, and his daughter, were engaged in reciprocal
exchange of civility, I found my senses again; and passed from one extreme of
absurdity to another, just as if I had thought that a hare-brained loquacity would be a
set-off against the idiotic silence of my first encounter. I exhausted all my stock of
well-bred rodomontade; and expressed myself with so unguarded a freedom, as to
make Basil look about him: so that he, with his eye upon me as a man who would set
every engine at work to seduce Antonia, was in a hurry to get her safely out of my
apartment, with a resolved purpose, probably, of withdrawing her for ever from my
pursuit.
Scipio finding himself alone with me, said with a smile: Here is another
defence for you against the blue devils! I did not know that your farming man had so
pretty a daughter; for I had never seen her before, though I have been twice at his
house. He must have taken infinite pains to keep her out of the way, and it is
impossible to be angry with him for it What the plague! here is a morsel for a
liquorish palate! But there seems to be no necessity for blazoning her perfections to
you; their very first glance dazzled you out of countenance. I do not deny it, answered
I. Ah! my beloved friend, I have surely seen an inhabitant of the realms above; the
electrical spark now thrills through all my frame, it scorches like lightning, yet tingles
like the vivifying fluid at my heart.
You slight me beyond measure, replied my secretary, by giving me to
understand that you have at length fallen in love. Nothing but a mistress was wanting
to complete your rural establishment at all points. Thanks to Heaven, you are now

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likely to be accommodated in every way. I am well aware that we shall have a hard
matter to elude Basil's vigilance; but leave that to me, and I will undertake before the
end of three days to manage a private meeting for you with Antonia. Master Scipio,
said I, it is not so sure that you would be able to keep your word; but at all events, I
have not the least desire to make the experiment I will have nothing to do with the
ruin of that girl; for she is an angel, and does not deserve to be numbered among the
fallen ones. Therefore, instead of laying the guilt upon your soul of assisting me in her
dishonour, I have made up my mind to marry her with your kind help, supposing her
heart not to be pre- occupied by a prior attachment I had no idea, said he, of your
directly plunging headlong into the cold bath of matrimony. The generality of
landlords, in your place, would stand upon the ancient tenure of manorial rights: they
would not deal with Antonia upon the square of modern law and gospel, till after
failure in the establishment of their feudal privileges. But though this may be the way
of the world, do not suppose that I am by any means against your honourable passion,
or at all wish to dissuade you from your purpose. Your bailiff's daughter deserves the
distinction you design for her, if she can give you the first-fruits of her heart, an
offering of sensibility and gratitude; that is what I shall ascertain this very day by
talking with her father, and possibly with her.
My agent was a man to transact his business according to the letter. He went to
see Basil privately, and in the evening came to me in my closet, where I waited for
him with impatience, somewhat exasperated by apprehension. There was a slyness in
his countenance, whence my prognostic inclined to the brighter side. Judging, said I,
by that look of suppressed merriment, you are come to acquaint me that I shall soon
be at the summit of human bliss. Yes, my dear master, answered he, the heavens smile
upon your vows. I have talked the matter over with Basil and his daughter, declaring
your intentions without reserve. The father is delighted at the idea of your asking his
blessing as a son-in- law; and you may set your heart at rest about Antonia's taste in a
husband. Darts and flames! cried I in an ecstacy of amorous transport; what! am I so
happy as to have made myself agreeable to that lovely creature? Never question it,
replied he; she loves you already. It is true, she has not owned so much by word of
mouth; but my assurance rests on the tale-telling sparkle of her eye, when your
proposals were made known to her. And yet you have a rival! A rival! exclaimed I,
with a faltering voice, and a cheek blanched with fear. Do not let that give you the
least uneasiness, said he; your competitor cannot bid very high, for he is no other than
master Joachim your cook. Ah! the hangdog! said I, with an involuntary shout of
laughter: this is the reason, then, why he had so great an objection to being turned out
of my service. Exactly so, answered Scipio; within these few days he made proposals
of marriage to Antonia, who politely declined them. With submission to your better
judgment, replied I, it would be expedient, at least so it strikes me, to get rid of that
strange fellow, before he is informed of my intended match with Basil's daughter: a
cook, as you are aware, is a dangerous rival. You are perfectly in the right, rejoined
my trusty counsellor; we must clear the premises of him -- he shall receive his
discharge from me to-morrow morning, before he puts a finger in the fricandeaus;
thus you will have nothing more to fear either from his poisonous sauces or
bewitching tongue. Yet it goes rather against the grain with me to part with so good a
cook; but I sacrifice the interests of my own belly to the preservation of your precious
person. You need not, said I, take on so for his loss: he had no exclusive patent; and I
will send to Valencia for a cook, who shall outcook all his fine cookery. According to
my promise I wrote immediately to Don Alphonso, to let him know that our kitchen

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wanted a prime minister; and on the following day he filled up the vacancy in so
worthy a manner, as reconciled Scipio at once to the change in culinary politics.
Though my adroit and active secretary had assured me of Antonia's secret self-
congratulation on the conquest of her landlord's heart, I could not venture to rely
solely on his report. I was fearful lest he should have been entrapped by false
appearances. To be more certain of my bliss, I determined on speaking in person to
the fair Antonia. I therefore went to Basil's house, and confirmed to him what my
ambassador had announced. This honest peasant, of patriarchal simplicity and golden-
aged frankness, after having heard me through, did not hesitate to own that it would
be the greatest happiness of his life to give me his daughter; but, added he, you are by
no means to suppose that it is because you are lord of the manor. Were you still
steward to Don Caesar and Don Alphonso, I should prefer you to all other suitors who
might apply: I have always felt a sort of kindness towards you: and nothing vexes me,
but that Antonia has not a thumping fortune to bring with her. I want not the vile
dross, said I; her person is the only dowry that I covet. Your humble servant for that,
cried he; but you will not settle accounts with me after that fashion; I am not a beggar,
to marry my daughter upon charity. Basil de Buenotrigo is in circumstances, by the
blessing of Providence, to portion her off decently; and I mean that she should set out
a little supper, if you are to be at the expense of dinners. In a word, the rental of this
estate is only five hundred ducats: I shall raise it to a thousand on the strength of this
marriage.
Just as you please, my dear Basil, replied I; we are not likely to have any
dispute about money matters. We are both of a mind; all that remains is to get your
daughter's consent. You have mine, said he, and that is enough. Not altogether so,
answered I; though yours may he absolutely necessary, no business can be done
without hers. Hers follows mine of course, replied he; I should like to catch her
murmuring against my sovereign commands. Antonia, rejoined I, with dutiful
submission to paternal authority, is ready without question to obey your will
implicitly in all things; but I know not whether in the present instance she would do so
without violence to her own feelings; and should that be the case, I could never
forgive myself for being the occasion of unhappiness to her; in short, it is not enough
that I obtain her hand from you, if her heart is to heave a sigh at the decision of her
destiny. Oh, blessed virgin! said Basil, all these fine doctrines of philosophy are far
above my reach; speak to Antonia your own self, and you wilt find, or I am very much
mistaken, that she wishes for nothing better than to be your wife. These words were
no sooner out of his mouth than he called his daughter, and left me with her for a few
short minutes.
Not to trifle with so precious an opportunity, I broke my mind to her at once:
Lovely Antonia, said I, it remains with you to fix the colour of my future days.
Though I have your father's consent, do not think so meanly of me as to suppose that I
would avail myself of it to violate the sacred freedom of your choice. Rapturous as
must be the possession of your charms, I waive my pretensions if you but tell me that
your duty and not your will complies. It would be affectation to put on such a
repugnance, answered she; the honour of your addresses is too flattering to excite any
other than agreeable sensations, and I am thankful for my father's tender care of me,
instead of demurring to his will. I am not sure whether such an acknowledgment may
not be contrary to the rules of female reserve in the polite world; but if you were
disagreeable to me, I should be plain-spoken enough to tell you so; why, then, should
I not be equally free in owning the kind feelings of my heart? At sounds like these,
which I could not bear without being enraptured, I dropped on my knee before

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Antonia, and in the excess of my tender emotions, taking one of her fair hands, kissed
it with an affectionate and impassioned action. My dear Antonia, said I, your
frankness enchants me; go on, let nothing induce you to depart from it; you are
conversing with your future husband; let your soul expand itself, and reveal all its
inmost emotions in his presence. Thus, then, may I entertain the flattering hope that
you will not frown on the union of our destinies! The coming in of Basil at this
moment prevented me from giving further vent to the delightful sensations which
thrilled through me. Impatient to know how his daughter had behaved, and ready
primed for scolding in case she had been perverse or coy, he made up to me
immediately. Well, now! said he, are you satisfied with Antonia? So much so,
answered I, that I am going this very moment to set forward the preparations for our
marriage. So saying, I left the father and daughter, for the purpose of taking counsel
with my secretary thereupon.

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CH. IX. -- Nuptials of Gil Blas with the fair Antonia; the style and manner of the
ceremony; the persons assisting thereat; and the festivities ensuing there upon.
THOUGH there was no occasion to consult with the lords of Leyva about my
marriage, yet both Scipio and myself were of opinion that I could not decently do
otherwise than communicate to them my purpose of connecting myself with Basil's
daughter, and just pay them the compliment of asking their advice, after the act was
finally determined on.
I immediately went off for Valencia, where my visit was a matter of surprise,
and still more the purport of it Don Caesar and Don Alphonso, who were acquainted
with Antonia, having seen her more than once, wished me joy on my good fortune in
a wife. Don Caesar, in particular, made his speech upon the occasion with so much
youthful fire, that if there had not been reason to suppose his lordship weaned, by that
icy moralist, time, from certain naughty propensities, I should have suspected him of
going to Lirias now and then, not so much to look after his concerns there, as after his
little empress of the dairy. Seraphina, too, with the kindest assurances of a lively
interest in whatever might befall me, said that she had heard a very favourable
character of Antonia; but, added she, with a malicious fling, as if to taunt me with my
supercilious reception of Sephora's amorous advances, even though her beauty had
not been so much the talk of the country, I could have depended on your taste, from
former experience of its delicacy and fastidiousness.
Don Caesar and his son did not stop at cold approbation of my marriage, but
declared that they would defray all the expenses of it. Measure back your steps, said
they, to Lirias, and stay quietly there till you hear further from us. Make no
preparation for your nuptials, for we shall make that our concern. To meet their kind
intentions with becoming gratitude, I returned to my mansion, and acquainted Basil
and his daughter with the projected kindness of our patrons. We determined to wait
their pleasure with as much patience as falls to the lot of poor human nature under
such circumstances. Eight long days dragged out their tedious measure, and brought
no tidings of our bliss. But the rewards of self-control are not the less assured for
being slow: on the ninth, a coach drawn by four mules drove up, with a cargo of
mantua-makers for the bride, and an assortment of rich silks on which to exercise their
art. Several livery servants, mounted on mules, accompanied the cavalcade. One of
them brought me a letter from Don Alphonso. That nobleman sent me word that he
would be at Lirias next day with his father and his wife, and that the marriage
ceremony should he performed on the day after that, by the vicar-general of Valencia.
And just so it came to pass: Don Caesar, his son, and Seraphina, with that venerable
dignitary, were punctual to their appointment; all four of them in a coach and six;
none of your mules, like the mantua-makers! preceded by an other coach and four,
with Seraphina's women; and the rear was brought up by a company of the governor's
guards.
The governor's lady had hardly entered the house before she testified an ardent
longing to see Antonia, who on her part no sooner knew that Seraphina was arrived,
than she ran forward to bid her welcome, with a respectful kiss upon her hand, so
gracefully and modestly impressed, that all the company were enchanted at the action.
And now, madam! said Don Caesar to his daughter-in-law, what do you think of
Antonia? Could Santillane have made a better choice? No, answered Seraphina, they
are worthy each of the other; there can be no doubt but their union will be most
happy. In short, every one was lavish in the praise of my intended; and if they felt her
beams so powerfully under the eclipse of a stuff gown, what must they not have

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endured from her brightness, in the meridian sunshine of her wedding finery? One
would have fancied she had been clothed in silks, jewels, and fine linen from her
cradle, by the dignity of her air and the ease of her deportment.
The happy moment which was to unite two fond lovers in the bands of Hymen
being arrived, Don Alphonso took me by the hand and led me to the altar, while
Seraphina conferred the like honour on the bride elect. Our procession had marched in
fit and decent order through the hamlet to the chapel, where the vicar-general was
waiting to go through the service; and the ceremony was performed amidst the
heartfelt congratulations of the inhabitants, and of all the wealthy farmers in the
neighbourhood, whom Basil had invited to Antonia's wedding. Their daughters too
came in their train, tricked out in ribbons and in flowers, and dancing to the music of
their own tambourines. We returned to the mansion under the same escort: and there,
by the provident attentions of Scipio, who officiated as high steward and master of the
ceremonies, we found three tables set out; one for the principals of the party, another
for their household, and the third, which was by far the largest, for all invited guests
promiscuously. Antonia was at the first, the governor's lady having made a point of it;
I did the honours of the second, and Basil was placed at the head of that where the
country people dined. As for Scipio, he never sat down, but was here, there, and
everywhere, fetching and carrying, changing plates and filling bumpers, urging the
company to call freely for what they wanted, and egging them on to mirth and jollity.
The entertainment had been prepared by the governor's cooks; and that is as
much as to say, that there were all the delicacies imaginable, in season or out of
season. The good wines laid in for me by master Joachim, were set running at a
furious rate; the guests were beginning to feel their jovial influence, pleasantry and
repartee gave a zest and conviviality, when on a sudden our harmony was interrupted
by an alarming occurrence. My secretary, being in the hall where I was dining with
Don Alphonso's principal officers and Seraphina's women, suddenly fainted. I started
up and ran to his assistance; and while I was employed in bringing him about, one of
the women was taken ill also. It was evident to the whole company that this
sympathetic malady must involve some mysterious incident, as in effect it turned out
almost immediately, that thereby hung a tale; for Scipio soon recovered, and said to
me in a low voice, Why must one man's meat be another man's poison, and the most
auspicious of your days the curse of mine? But every man bears the bundle of his sins
upon his back, and my pack-saddle is once more thrown across my shoulders in the
person of my wife.
Powers of mercy! exclaimed I, this can never be; it is all a romance. What!
you the husband of that lady whose nerves were so affected by the disturbance? Yes,
sir, answered he, I am her husband; and fortune, if you will take the word of a sinner,
could not have done me a dirtier office than by conjuring up such a grievance as this. I
know not, my friend, replied I, what reasons you may have for thus belabouring your
rib with wordy buffets, but however she may be to blame, in mercy keep a bridle on
your tongue; if you have any regard for me, do not displace the mirth and spoil the
pleasure of this nuptial meeting, by ominous disorder or enraged questions of past
injuries. You shall have no reason to complain on that score, rejoined Scipio; but shall
see presently whether I am not a very apt dissembler.
With this assurance he went forward to his wife, whom her companions had
also brought back to life and recollection; and, embracing her with as much apparent
fervour as if his raptures had been real, Ah, my dear Beatrice, said he, heaven has at
length united us again after ten years of cruel separation! But this blissful moment is
well purchased by whole ages of torturing suspense! I know not, answered his spouse,

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whether you really are at all the happier for having recovered a part of yourself: but of
this at least I am fully certain, that you never had any reason to run away from me as
you did. A fine story indeed! You found me one night with Signor Don Ferdinand de
Leyva, who was in love with my mistress Julia, and consulted me on the subject of his
passion; and only for that, you must take it into your stupid head, that I was caballing
with him against your honour and my own: thereupon that poor brain of yours was
turned with jealousy; you quitted Toledo in a huff, and ran away from your own flesh
and blood as you would from a monster of the deserts, without leaving word why or
wherefore. Now which of us two, be so good as to tell me, has most reason to take on
and be pettish? Your own dear self, beyond all question, replied Scipio. Beyond all
question, re-echoed she, my own ill-used self. Don Ferdinand, very shortly after you
had taken yourself off from Toledo, married Julia, with whom I continued as long as
she lived; and, after we had lost her by sudden death, I came into my lady her sister's
service, who, as well as all her maids, and I would do as much for them, will give me
a good character; honest and sober, and a very termagant among the impertinent
fellows.
My secretary, having nothing to allege against such a character from my lady
and her maids, was determined to make the best of a bad bargain. Once for all, said he
to his spouse, I acknowledge my bad behaviour, and beg pardon for it before this
honourable assembly. It was now time for me to act the mediator, and to move
Beatrice for an act of amnesty, assuring her that her husband from this time forward
would make it the great object of his life to play the husband to her satisfaction. She
began to see that there was reason in roasting of eggs, and all present were loud in
their congratulations, on the triumph of suffering virtue, and the renovated pledge of
broken vows. To bind the contract firmer, and make it memorable, they were seated
next to one another at table; their healths were drank according to the laws of toasting;
wish you joy! many returns of this happy day! rang round on every side: one would
have sworn that the dinner was given for their reconciliation, and not on account of
my marriage.
The third table was the first to be cleared. The young villagers jumped up in a
body; the lads took out their blooming partners; the tambourines struck up a merry
beat; spectators flocked from the other tables, and caught the enlivening spirit from
the gay bustle of the scene. Every limb and muscle of every individual was in motion:
the household of the governor and his lady formed a set, apart from the rustics of the
company, while their superiors did not disdain to mingle with the homelier dancers.
Don Alphonso danced a saraband with Seraphina, and Don Caesar another with
Antonia, who afterwards took me for her partner. She did not perform much amiss,
considering that she never got much further than the five positions, in learning which
she had her ankles kicked to pieces by a provincial dancing-master at Albarazin, while
on a visit to a tradesman's wife, one of her relations. As for me, who, as I have already
said, had taken lessons at the Marchioness de Chaves's, I figured away as the principal
man in this rural ballet. With regard to Beatrice and Scipio, they preferred a little
private conversation to dancing, that they might compare notes on the subject of war
and tear during the painful period of separation: but their billing and cooing was
interrupted by Seraphina, who, having been informed of this dramatic discovery, sent
for them to pay the customary compliments of congratulation. My good people, said
she, on this day of general joy, it gives me additional pleasure to see you two restored
to one another. My friend Scipio, I return you your wife under a firm belief that she
has always conducted herself as became a woman; take up your abode with her here,
and be a good husband to her. And you, Beatrice, attach yourself to Antonia, and let

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her be as much the object of your devoted service as Signor de Santillane is that of
your husband. Scipio, who could not possibly, after this, think of Penelope as fit to
hold a candle to his own wife, promised to treat her with all the deference due to such
a paragon of conjugal fidelity.
The country people, having kept up the dance till late, withdrew to their own
homes; but the rejoicings were prolonged by the company in the house. There was a
grand supper, and at bed-time the vicar-general pronounced the blessing of
consummation. Seraphina undressed the bride, and the lords of Leyva did me the
same honour. The ridiculous part of the business was, that Don Alphonso's officers
and his lady's attendants took it into their heads, by way of diverting themselves, to
perform the same ceremony: they also undressed Beatrice and Scipio, who, to render
the scene supremely farcical, gravely allowed themselves to be untrussed, and put to
bed with all nuptial pomp and state.

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CH. X. -- The honey-moon (a very dull time for the reader as a third person)
enlivened by the commencement of Scipio's story.
"'Tis heaven itself, 'tis ecstacy of bliss, Uninterrupted joy, untired excess;
Mirth following mirth, the moments dance away; Love claims the night, and
friendship rules the day."
ON the day after the wedding the lords of Leyva returned to Valencia, after
having lavished on me a thousand marks of friendship. There was such a general
clearance, that my secretary and myself, with our respective wives, and our usual
establishment, were left in undisturbed possession of our own home.
The efforts which we both made to please our ladies were not thrown away: I
breathed by degrees into the partner of my joys and sorrows as much love for me as I
entertained for her; and Scipio made his better part forget the woes and privations he
had occasioned her. Beatrice, who had very winning ways with her, and was all things
to all women, had no difficulty about worming herself into the good graces of her new
mistress, and gaining her complete confidence. In short, we all four agreed admirably
well together, and began to enjoy a bliss above the common lot of humanity. Every
day rolled along more delightfully than the last. Antonia was pensive and demure; but
Beatrice and myself were enlisted in the crew of mirth; and even though we had been
constitutionally sedate, Scipio was among us, and he was of himself a pill to purge
melancholy. The best creature in the world for a snug little party! one of those merry
drolls who have only to shew their comical faces, and set the table in a roar of
inextinguishable laughter.
One day, when we had taken a fancy to go after dinner, and doze away the
usual interval in the most sequestered spot about the grounds, my secretary got into
such exuberant spirits, as to chase away the drowsy god by his exhilarating sallies. Do
hold your tongue, my loquacious friend, said I: or else, if you are determined to wage
war against this lazy custom of our afternoons, at least tell us something which we
shall he the wiser for hearing. With all my heart and soul, sir, answered he. Would
you have me go through all fabulous histories of wandering knights, distressed
damsels, giants, enchanted castles, and the whole train of legendary adventures? I had
much rather hear your own true history, replied I; but that is a pleasure which you
have not thought fit to give me so long as we have lived together, and I seem likely to
go without it to the end of the chapter. How happens that? said he. If I have not told
you my own story, it is because you never expressed the slightest wish to be troubled
with the recital: therefore it is not my fault if you are in the dark about my past life;
but if you are really at all curious to be let into the secret, my loquacity is very much
at your service on the occasion. Antonia, Beatrice, and myself, unanimously took him
at his word, and arranged ourselves for listening like an attentive audience. The
speculation was a safe one on our parts; for the tale was sure to answer, either as a
stimulant or a soporific.
I certainly ought to have been descended, said Scipio, from some family of the
highest rank and earliest antiquity; or in default of such parentage, from the most
distinguished orders of personal merit, such as that of St James or Alcantara, if a man
may be permitted to decide on the fittest circumstances his own birth: but as it is not
among the privileges of human nature to elect one's own father, you are to know that
mine, by name Torribio Scipio, was a subaltern myrmidon of the Holy Brotherhood.
As he was going back and fore on the king's highway, and looking after business in
his own line, he met once on a time, between Cuença and Toledo, with a young
Bohemian babe of chance, who appeared very pretty in his eyes. She was alone, on

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foot, and carried her whole patrimony at her back in a kind of knapsack. Whither are
you going, my little darling? said he in a philandering tone of voice, unlike the natural
hoarseness of his accents. Good worthy gentleman, answered she, I am going to
Toledo, where I hope to gain an honest livelihood by hook or by crook. Your
intentions are highly commendable, retorted he; and I doubt not but you have many a
hook and many a crook among the implements of your trade. Yes, with a blessing on
my endeavours, rejoined she: I have several little ways of doing for myself: I know
how to make washes and creams for the ladies' faces, perfumes for their noses and
their chambers; then I can tell fortunes, can search for things lost with a sieve and
shears, and erect figures for the taking in of shadows with a glass.
Torribio, concluding that so well-provided a girl would be a very
advantageous match for a man like himself, who could scarcely scrape wherewithal to
support life by his own profession, though he was as good a thief-taker as the best of
them, made her an offer of marriage, and she was nothing loth, nor prudishly coy.
They flew on the wings of inclination and convenience to Toledo, where they were
joined together; and you behold in me the happy pledge of holy and lawful
matrimony. They fixed themselves in a shop on the outskirts of the town, where my
mother commenced her career by selling the said washes, creams, tapes, laces, silk,
thread, toys, and pedlar's ware; but trade not being brisk enough to live comfortably
by it, she turned fortune-teller. This drew her customers, got her countenance, credit,
crowns, and pistoles: a thousand dupes of either sex soon trumpeted up the reputation
of Coselina; for so my gipsy mamma had the honour to be named. Some one or other
came every day to bargain for the exercise of her skill in the black art: at one time a
nephew at his wit's and purse's end, wanting to know how soon his uncle was to set
off post for the other world, and leave behind him wherewithal to piece his worn-out
fortunes: at another, some yielding, love-sick girl, to inquire whether the swain who
kept her company, and had promised to marry her, would keep his word or be false-
hearted.
You will take notice, if you please, that my mother always sold good luck for
good money; if the accomplishment trod on the heels of the prediction, well and good;
if it was fulfilled according to the rule of contraries, she was always cool, though the
parties were ever so violently in a passion, and told them plainly that it was her
familiar's fault, not hers; for though she paid him the highest wages, and bound him
by potent spells to stir up the cauldron of futurity from the bottom, like earthly cooks,
he would sometimes be careless or out of humour, and apportion the ingredients
wrongly.
When my mother thought the conjuncture momentous enough to raise the
devil without cheapening him in the eyes of the vulgar, Torribio Scipio enacted his
infernal majesty, and played the part just as if he had been born to it, humouring the
hideous features of the character by a very small aggravation of his own natural face,
and practising the pandemonian note of elocution in the lower octave of his voice. A
person in the slightest degree superstitious would be scared out of his senses at my
father's figure. But one day, as his satanic prototype would have it, there came a
savage rascal of a captain, who asked to see the devil, for no earthly purpose but to
run him clean through the body. The Inquisition, having received notice of the devil's
death, sent to take charge of his widow, and administer to his effects; as for poor little
me, just seven years old at the time, I was sent to the foundling hospital. There were
some charitable ecclesiastics on that establishment, who, being liberally paid for the
education of the poor orphans, were so zealous in their office as to teach them reading
and writing. They fancied there was something particularly promising about me,

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which made them pick me out from all the rest, and send me on their errands. I was
letter-carrier, messenger, and chapel clerk. As a token of their gratitude, they
undertook to teach me Latin; but their mode of tuition was so harsh, and their
discipline so severe, though I was a sort of pet with them, that, not being able to stand
it any longer, I ran away one morning while out on an errand; and, so far from
returning to the hospital, got out of Toledo through the suburbs on the Seville side.
Though I had not then completed my ninth year, I already felt the pleasure of
being free, and master of my own actions. I was without money and without food; no
matter! I had no lessons to say by heart, no themes to hammer out. After having
pushed on for two hours, my little legs began to refuse their office. I had never before
made so long a trip. It became necessary to stop and take some rest. I sat myself down
at the foot of a tree close by the high. way; there, by way of amusement, I took my
grammar out of my pocket, and began conning it over by way of a joke; but at length,
coming to recollect the raps on the knuckles, and the castigations on the more
classical seat of punishment which it had cost me, I tore it leaf by leaf with an
apostrophe of angry import. Ah! you odious thing of a book! you shall never make me
shed tears any more. While I was assuaging my vindictive spirit, by strewing the
ground about me with declensions and conjugations, there passed that way a hermit
with a white beard, with a large pair of spectacles on his nose, and altogether an
outside of much sanctity. He came up to me; and, if I was an object of speculation to
him, he was no less so to me. My little man, said he with a smile, it should seem as if
we had both taken a sudden liking to each other, and in that case we cannot do better
than to live together in my hermitage, which is not two hundred yards distant. Your
most obedient for that, answered I pertly enough; I have not the least desire to turn
hermit. At this answer, the good old man set up a roar of laughter, and said with a
kind embrace: You must not be frightened at my dress; if it is not becoming, it is
useful; it gives me my title to a charming retreat, and to the good-will of the
neighbouring villages, whose inhabitants love or rather idolize me. Come this way,
and I will clothe you in a jacket of the same stuff as mine. If you think well of it, you
shall share with me the pleasures of the life I lead; and, if it does not hit your fancy,
you shall not only be at liberty to leave me, but you may depend on it that in the event
of our parting, I shall not fail to do something handsome by you.
I suffered myself to be persuaded, and followed the old hermit, who put
several questions to me, which I answered with a truth- telling simplicity, not always
to be found in a more advanced stage of morality. On our arrival at the hermitage he
set some fruit before me, which I devoured, having eaten nothing all day but a slice of
dry bread, on which I had breakfasted at the hospital in the morning. The recluse,
seeing me play so good a part with my jaws, said: Courage, my good boy, do not
spare my fruit; there is plenty of it, Heaven be praised. I have not brought you hither
to starve you. And indeed that was true enough; for an hour after our coming in, he
kindled a fire, put a leg of mutton down to roast; and while I turned the spit, laid a
small table for himself and me, with a very dirty napkin upon it.
When the meat was done enough he took it up, and cut some slices for our
supper, which was no dry bargain, since we quaffed a delicious wine, of which he had
laid in ample store. Well! my chicken, said he, as he rose from table, are you satisfied
with my style of living? You see how we shall fare every day, if you fix your quarters
here. Then with respect to liberty, you shall do just as you please in this hermitage.
All I require of you is to accompany me whenever I go begging to the neighbouring
villages; you will be of use in driving an ass laden with two panniers, which the
charitable peasants usually fill with eggs, bread, meat, and fish. I ask no more than

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that. I will do, said I, whatever you desire, provided you will not oblige me to learn
Latin. Friar Chrysostom, for that was the old hermit's name, could not help smiling at
my school-boy frowardness, and assured me once more that he should not pretend to
interfere either with my studies or my inclinations.
On the very next day we went on a foraging party with the donkey, which I led
by the halter. We made a profitable gleaning; for all the farmers took a pleasure in
throwing somewhat into our panniers. One chucked in an uncut loaf; another a large
piece of bacon; here a goose, there a pair of giblets, and a partridge to crown the
whole. But without entering further into particulars, we carried home provender
enough for a week; and hence you may infer the esteem and friendship in which the
country people held the holy man. It is true that he was a great blessing to the
neighbourhood: his advice was always at their service when they came to consult him:
he restored peace where discord had reigned in families, and made up matches for the
daughters; he had a nostrum for almost any disease you could mention, with an
assortment of pious rituals, to avert the curse of barrenness.
Hence you perceive that I was in no danger of starving in my hermitage. My
lodging, too, was none of the worst: stretched on good fresh straw, with a cushion of
ratteen under my head, and a coverlet over me of the same stuff I made but one nap of
it all night. Brother Chrysostom, who had promised me a hermit's dress, made up an
old gown of his own for me, and called me little brother Scipio. No sooner did I
appear in my religious uniform, than the ass's back suffered for my genteel
appearance in the eyes of the villagers. It was who should give most to the little
brother! so much were they delighted with his spruce figure.
The easy, slothful life I led with the old hermit could not be very revolting to a
boy of my age. On the contrary, it suited my taste so exactly, that I should have
continued it to this time, but that the fates and destinies were weaving a more
complicated tissue for my future years. It was cast in the figure of my nativity, early
to rouse myself from the effeminacy of a religious life, and to take leave of brother
Chrysostom after the following manner.
I often observed the old man at work upon his pillow, unsewing and sewing it
up again; and one day, I saw him put in some money. This circumstance excited a
tingling curiosity, which I promised myself to satisfy the first time he went to Toledo,
as he generally did once a week. I waited impatiently for the day, but as yet, without
any other motive than the mere desire of prying. At last the good man went his way,
and I unpicked his pillow, where I found, among the stuffing, the amount of about
fifty crowns in all sorts of coin.
This treasure must have accumulated from the gratitude of the peasantry,
whom the hermit had cured by his nostrums, and of their wives, who had be come
pregnant by virtue of his spiritual interference. But however it got there, I no sooner
set my eyes on the money, which might be mine without any one near me to say nay,
than the gipsy voice of nature and pedigree spoke within me. An inextinguishable itch
of pilfering tingled in my veins, and proved that we come into the world with the
mark of our descent, and with our characters about us. I yielded to the temptation
without a struggle; tied up my booty in a canvas bag where we kept our combs and
night-caps: then, having laid aside the hermit's and resumed my foundling's dress, got
clear off from the hermitage, and hugged my bag as though it had contained the
boundless treasure of the Indies.
You have heard my first exploit, continued Scipio; and I doubt not but you
will expect a succession of similar practices. Your anticipations will not be
disappointed; for there are many such evidences of genius behind, before I come to

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those of my actions which prove me good as well as clever; but I shall come to them,
and you will be convinced by the sequel, that a scoundrel born may be licked into
virtue, as the cub of a bear into shape.
Child as I was, I knew better than to take the Toledo road; it would have been
exposing myself to the hazard of meeting friar Chrysostom, who would have balanced
accounts with me on a very thriftless principle. I therefore travelled in another
direction leading to the village of Galves, where I stopped at an inn, kept by a
landlady who was a widow of forty, and hung out the bunch of grapes to a very good
purpose. This good woman no sooner kenned me, than, judging by my dress that I
must be a truant from the orphan school, she asked who I was and whither I was
going. I answered that, having lost my father and mother, I was looking for a place.
Can you read, my dear? said she. I assured her that I could read, and write too, with
the best of them. In point of fact, I could just form my letters, and join them so as to
look a little like writing; and that was clerkship enough for a village pothouse. Then I
will take you into my service, replied the hostess. You may earn your board easily
enough, by scoring up the customers, and keeping my ledger. I shall give you no
wages, because this inn is frequented by very genteel company, who never forget the
waiters. You may reckon upon very considerable perquisites.
I clenched the bargain, reserving to myself, as you may suppose, the right of
emigration whenever my abode at Galves should cease to be pleasant. No sooner was
I settled in my place, than a weight lay heavy on my mind. I did not wish it to be
known that I had money; and it was no easy matter to devise where it could be hidden,
so as that what was sauce for the goose should not be sauce for the gander. I was not
yet well enough acquainted with the house to trust the places obviously most proper
for such a deposit. What a source of embarrassment is great wealth! I determined,
however, on a corner of our granary under some straw; and believing it to be safer
there than anywhere else, made myself as easy about it as I well could.
The household consisted of three servants: a lubberly ostler, a young Galician
chambermaid, and myself. Each of us spunged what we could upon travellers,
whether on foot or on horseback. I always came in for some small change, when the
bill was paid. Then the equestrians gave something to the ostler, for taking care of
their beasts: but as for our female fellow-servant, the muleteers who passed that way
chucked her under the chin, and gave her more crowns than we got farthings. I had no
sooner realized a penny, than away it went to the granary, and slept with its
precursors; so that the higher rose my heap, the more greedy did my little heart
become. Sometimes would I kiss the hallowed images of my idolatry, and look at
them with a devotional glow, which few worshippers feel, but those whose religion is
their gold.
This inordinate passion sent me back and fore to gratify it, at least thirty times
a day. I often met the landlady on the staircase. She, being naturally of a suspicious
temper, had a mind to find out one day what could carry me every minute to the corn-
loft. She therefore went up and began rummaging about everywhere, supposing
perhaps that it was my receptacle for articles purloined in the house. Of course she did
not forget to pull the straw about; and behold, there was my bag! Two hands in a dish
and one in a purse, was not one of her proverbs; so that finding the contents in crowns
and pistoles, she thought, or seemed to think, that the money was lawfully and
honestly hers. At least she had possession, and that is nine points of the law, though
scarcely one of honesty. But to do the thing decently, after calling me little wretch,
little rascal, and so forth, she ordered the ostler, a fellow without any will but hers, to
give me a hearty flogging; and then turn me out of doors, with this salt eel for my

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breakfast, and a lady-like oath that no light- fingered gentry should ever darken her
doors. In vain did I protest and vow that I never wronged my mistress: she affirmed
the direct contrary, and her word would go further than mine at any time. Thus were
friar Chrysostom's savings transferred from one thief to a greater thief in the thief-
taker.
I wept over the loss of my money, as a father over the death of his only son:
and though my tears could not bring back what I had lost, they at least answered the
purpose of exciting pity in some people, who saw how bitterly they flowed, and
among others in the parson, who was accidentally going by. He seemed affected by
my sad plight, and took me home with him. There, to gain my confidence, or rather to
pump me, he began soothing my sorrows. How much this poor child is to be pitied!
said he. Is it any wonder if, thrown upon the wide world at so tender an age, he has
committed a bad action? Grown up men are not always proof against the flesh or the
devil. Then, addressing me, Child, added he, front what part of Spain do you come,
and who are your parents? You have the look of family about you. Open your heart to
me confidentially, and depend upon it, I never will desert you.
His reverence, by this kind and insinuating language, engaged me by degrees
to tell him all my history, without falsification or reserve. I owned everything; and
thus he moralized on the leading article of my confession: My little friend, though
hermits ought to lay up such treasures as neither force nor fraud can wrest from them,
that was no excuse for your taking the measure of punishment into your own hands:
by robbing brother Chrysostom, you nevertheless sinned against that article of the
decalogue, which tells you not to steal; but I will engage to make the hostess return
the money, and will punctually remit it to the reverend friar at his hermitage: you may
therefore make your conscience perfectly easy on that score. Now, between ourselves,
my conscience was perfectly callous to everything like compunction with respect to
the crime in question. The parson, who had his own ends to answer, had not done with
me yet. My lad, pursued he, I mean to take you by the hand, and find a good berth for
you. I shall send you to-morrow morning, by the carrier, to my nephew, a canon of
Toledo. He will not refuse, at my request, to admit you upon his establishment, where
they live like so many sons of the church, rosily, merrily, and fatly, upon the rents of
his prebendal stall: you will be perfectly comfortable there, take my word for it.
Patronage like this gave me so much encouragement, that I did not throw away
another thought either upon my bag or my whipping. My mind was wholly occupied
with the idea of living rosily, merrily, and fatly, like a son of the church. The
following day, at breakfast-time, there came, according to orders, a muleteer to the
parsonage, with two mules saddled and bridled. They helped me to mount one, the
muleteer flung his leg over the other, and we trotted on for Toledo. My fellow-
traveller was a good, pleasant companion, arid desired nothing better than to indulge
his humour at the expense of his neighbour. My little volunteer, said he, you have a
good friend in his reverence, the minister of Galves. He could not give you a better
proof of his kindness, than by placing you with his nephew the canon, whom I have
the honour of knowing, far beyond all question or comparison, to be the cock of the
chapter, and a hearty one he is. None of your lantern-jawed saints, with Lent in his
face, a cat-of-nine-tails on his back, and a cholera morbus in his belly. No such thing!
Our doctor is rubicund in the jowl, efflorescent on the nose, with a wicked eye at a
bumper or a girl militant against no earthly pleasure, but most addicted to the good
things of the table. You will be as snug there as a bug in a blanket.
This hangman of a muleteer, perceiving with what exquisite satisfaction I took
in all this, went on tantalizing me with the joys of an ecclesiastical life. He never

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dropped the subject till we got to the village of Obisa, and stopped there to refresh our
mules. Then, while bustling about the inn, he accidentally dropped a paper from his
pocket, which I was cunning enough to pick up without his seeing me, and took an
opportunity of reading while he was in the stable. It was a letter addressed to the
governors and superintendents of the orphan school, conceived in these terms:
"Gentlemen, I consider it as an act at once of charity and of duty, to send you back a
little truant; he seems a shrewd lad enough, and may do very well with good looking
after. By dint of hard and frequent chastisement, I doubt not but you will ultimately
bring him to a sense of his own unworthiness and your benevolence. May a blessing
be vouchsafed on your pious and charitable labours, for the early extirpation of sin
and wickedness! (Signed) "THE MINISTER OF GALVES."
When I had finished reading this pleasant letter, which let me into the good
intentions of his reverence the rector, it required little deliberation to determine what I
was to do: from the inn to the banks of the Tagus, a space of three good miles, was but
a hop, step, and jump. Fear lent me wings to escape from the governors of the
foundling hospital, whither I was absolutely resolved never to return, having formed
principles of taste diametrically opposite to their method of teaching the classics. I
went into Toledo with as light a heart as if I had known where to get my daily bread.
To be sure, it is a town of ways and means, where a man who can live by his wits
need never die of hunger. Scarcely had I reached the high street, when a well- dressed
gentleman by whom I brushed, caught me by the arm, saying: My little fellow, do you
want a place? You are just such a smart lad as I was looking for. And you are just the
master for my money, answered I. Since that is the case, rejoined he, you are mine
from this moment, and have only to follow me, which I did without asking any more
questions.
This spark, about the age of thirty, and bearing the name of Don Abel, lodged
in very handsome ready-furnished apartments. He was by profession a blacklegs; and
the following was the nature of our engagement. In the morning I got him as much
tobacco as would smoke five or six pipes; brushed his clothes, and ran for a barber to
shave him and trim his whiskers; after which he made the circle of the tennis-courts,
whence he never returned home till eleven or twelve at night. But every morning, at
going out, he gave me three reals for the expenses of the day, leaving me master of
my own time till ten o'clock in the evening; and provided I was within-doors by his
return, all was well. He gave me a livery besides, in which I looked like a little lackey
of illicit love. I took very kindly to my condition, and certainly could not have met
with any more congenial with my temper.
Such and so happy had been my way of life for nearly a month, when my
employer inquired whether I liked his service; and on my answer in the affirmative,
Well, then, resumed he, to-morrow we shall set out for Seville, whither my concerns
call me. You will not be sorry to see the capital of Andalusia. "He that hath not
Seville seen," says the proverb. "Is no traveller I ween." I engaged at once to follow
him all over the world. On that very day, the Seville carrier fetched away a large trunk
with my master's wardrobe, and on the next morning we were on the road for
Andalusia.
Signor Don Abel was so lucky at play, that he never lost but when it was
convenient; but then it was seldom convenient to stay long in a place, because those
who are always losers find out at last, that though chance is a dangerous antagonist,
certainly it is a desperate one; and that accounted for our journey. On our arrival at
Seville, we took lodgings near the Cordova gate, and resumed the same mode of life
as at Toledo. But my master found some difference between the two towns. The

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Seville tennis-courts could produce players equally in fortune's good graces with
himself; so that he sometimes came home a good deal out of humour. One morning,
when he was biting the bridle for the loss of a hundred pistoles the day before, he
asked why I had not carried his linen to the laundress. I pleaded forgetfulness.
Thereupon, flying into a passion, be gave me half-a-dozen boxes on the ear, in such a
style, as to kindle an illumination in my blinking eyes, to which the glories of
Solomon's temple were no more to be compared, than the torches in a Candlemas
procession to a rushlight. There is for you, you little scoundrel! said he; take that, and
learn to mind your business. Must I be eternally at your heels to remind you of what
you are to do? Are your brains in your belly, and all your wits in your grinders? You
are not a downright idiot! Then why not prevent my wants and anticipate my orders?
After this experimental lecture, he went out for the day, leaving me in high dudgeon,
at a reprimand so much in the manner of my friend the ostler, for such a trifle as not
getting up his things for the wash.
I could never learn what happened to him a short time after at a tennis-court;
but one evening he came home in a terrible heat. Scipio, said he, I am bent on going to
Italy, and must embark the day after to-morrow on board a vessel bound for Genoa. I
have my reasons for making this little excursion; of course you will be glad to attend
me, and to profit by so fine an opportunity of seeing the loveliest country on the face
of the earth. My tongue gave consent; but with a salvo in my heart and a bargain with
my revenge, to give him the slip just at the moment of embarkation. This was so
delightful a scheme, that I could not help imparting it to a bully by profession, whom I
met in the street. During my abode in Seville, I had picked up some awkward
acquaintance, and this was one of the most ungainly. I told him how and why my ears
had been boxed, and then communicated my project of running away from Don Abel
just before the ship was to sail, begging to know what he thought of the plan.
My bluff adviser puckered his eyebrows while he listened, and fiddled with his
fingers about his whiskers: then, blaming my master very seriously, My little hero,
said he, you are eternally disgraced, can never shew your face again, if you sit down
quietly with so paltry a satisfaction as what you propose. To let Don Abel go off by
himself, would be a poor revenge for wrongs like yours; the punishment should be
proportioned to his crime. Let us fine him to the full amount of his purse and effects,
which we will share like brothers after he is gone. Now it is to be noted, that though
thieving fell in very naturally with the bent of my genius, the proposal rather startled
me, as the robbery was upon a large scale for so young an apprentice.
And yet the arch deceiver of my innocence found the means of working me up
to the perpetration, so that the result of our enterprise was as follows. This glorious
ruffian, a tall, brawny fellow, came in the evening about twilight to our lodging. I
shewed my master's travelling trunk ready packed, and asked him whether he could
carry so heavy a load upon his shoulders. So heavy as that! said he: shew me where a
transfer of property is to be made in my favour, and I could run with Noah's ark to the
top of Mount Ararat. To prove his words, he felt the trunk, flung it carelessly over his
back, and scampered down-stairs, I followed nimbly; and we had just got to the street
door, when Don Abel, brought home in the nick of time by the ascendancy of his
lucky stars, stood like an apparition, to appal our guilty souls.
Whither are you going with that trunk? said he. I was so taken by surprise that
my assurance failed me; and broad-shoulders, finding that he had drawn a blank in the
lottery, threw down his booty, and took to his heels, rather than be troubled for an
explanation. Once more, whither are you going with that trunk? said my master. Sir,
answered I, with all the honest simplicity of a criminal, pleading in arrest of judgment,

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I was going to put it on board the vessel, that we might have the less to do to- morrow,
before we embark ourselves. Indeed! Then you know, retorted he, in what ship I have
taken my passage? No, sir, replied I! but those who can talk Latin may always find
their way to Rome: I should have inquired at the port, and somebody would have
informed me. At this explanation, which left his opinion where it found it, he darted a
furious glance at me. I thought for all the world, he was going to cuff me again about
the head. Who ordered you, cried he, to take my trunk out of this house? You, your
own self; said I. Can you possibly have forgotten how you rated me but a few days
ago? Did you not tell me, with a flea in my ear, that you would have me prevent your
wants, and do beforehand from my own head whatever your service might require?
Now, not to be threshed a second time for want of forethought, I was seeing your
trunk safe and soon enough on board. On this the gamester, finding that I had cut my
teeth of wisdom sooner than suited his purpose, turned me off very coolly, saying: Go
about your business, master Scipio, and speed as you may deserve. I do not like to
play with folks who are in the habit of revoking. Get out of my sight, or I shall set
your solfeggio in a crying key.
I spared him the trouble of telling me to go twice. Off I shot like an arrow, for
fear he should unfledge me, by taking away my livery. When distant enough to
slacken my pace, I walked along in the streets, musing whither I might betake myself
for a night's lodging, with only two reals in my pocket. The gate of the archbishop's
palace at length stared me in the face; and, as his grace's supper was then dressing, a
savoury odour exhaled from the kitchens, impregnating the gale with soup and sauce
for a mile round. Ods haricots and cutlets! thought I, it would be no hard matter for
me to dispense with one of those little side dishes, which will be of no use to the
archbishop but to make out the figure of his table: nay, I would be contented only just
to dip in my four fingers and thumb, and then to sup like a bear upon suckings. But
how to accomplish it! Is there no way of bringing these choice morsels to a better test
than that of smell? And why not? Hunger, they say, will break through stone walls.
On this idea did I set my wits to work; and, by dint of conning over the subject, a
stratagem struck me, which set my lungs as well as appetite in motion, just as the old
carpenter kept bawling, "I have found it," like a madman, when he had hit the right
nail of his proposition on the head. I ran into the court of the palace, and made the
best of my way to the kitchens, calling out with all my might, "Help! help!" as if some
assassin had been at my heels.
At my reiterated cries master Diego, the archbishop's cook, ran with three or
four kitchen drudges to learn what was the matter; and seeing only me, asked why I
roared so loud. Ah! good sir, answered I, with every token of exquisite distress, for
mercy's sake and for St Polycarp's! save me, I beseech you, from the fury of a
blusterer, who swears he will kill me. But where is this disturber of the public peace?
cried Diego. You have no one to quarrel with but yourself; for I do not see so much as
a cat to spit at you. Go your ways, my little man, and do not be afraid; it is evidently
some wag who has been playing upon your cowardice for his diversion; but he knew
better than to follow you within these walls, for we would have cut his ears off at the
least. No, no, said I, it was for no laughing matter that he ran after me. He is a noted
footpad, and meant to rob me; I am certain that he is now waiting for me at the corner
of the street. Then he may wait long enough, replied the knight of the iron spit; for
you shall stay here till to-morrow. You shall sup with us, and we will give you a bed.
I was out of my little wits with joy at the mention of these last tidings; and it
was like the turnpike road to paradise after crossing an Arabian desert, when being led
by master Diego through the kitchens, I there saw my lord archbishop's supper, and

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the stew-pans in the last throes of parturition. There were fifteen accountable souls,
for I reckoned them up, in attendance on the labour; but the litter of dishes far out-
numbered the fecundity of nature in her most prolific mood: so much more gracious
and bountiful is providence to the heads of the church in the indulgence of their
appetites, than mindful of the worthless brute creation in the propagation of its kind.
Here it was, at the fountain-head of prelacy, inhaling an atmosphere of gravy, instead
of just snuffing the scent as it lay upon the breeze, that I first shook hands with
sensuality. I had the honour of supping with the scullions, and of sleeping in their
room; an initiation of friendship so sincere and strong, that on the following day,
when I went to thank master Diego for his goodness in vouchsafing me a refuge, he
said: Our kitchen lads have been with me in a body, to declare how excessively
delighted they are with your manners, and to propose having you among them as a
fellow-servant. How should you, on your part, like to make one of the society? I
answered that, with such a feather in my cap, I should be the vainest and the happiest
of mortals. Then so be it, my friend, replied he; consider yourself henceforth as a
buttress of the hierarchy. With this invitation, he introduced me to the major-domo,
who thought he saw talent enough in me for a turnspit.
No sooner was I in possession of so honourable an office, than master Diego,
following the practice of cooks in great houses, who pamper up their pretty dears in
private with all sorts of good things, selected me to supply a lady in the
neighbourhood with a regular table of butcher's meat, poultry, and game. This good
friend of his was a widow on the right side of thirty, very pretty, very lively, and to all
appearance contenting herself with cupboard love for her cook. His generous passion
was not confined to furnishing her with bread, meat, and garnish; she drank her wine
too, and the archbishop was her wine-merchant.
The improvement of my parts kept pace with that of my carnal condition in his
grace's palace: where I gave a specimen of rising genius, still ringing on the trump of
fame at Seville. The pages and some others of the household had a mind to get up a
play on my lord archbishop's birthday. They chose a popular Spanish tragedy; and
wanting a boy about my age to personate the young King of Leon, cast me for the
part. The major-domo, a great spouter, undertook to train me for the stage; and after a
few lessons, pronounced that I should not be the worst actor of the company. His
grace not wishing to starve so handsome a compliment to himself, no expense was
spared in getting it up magnificently. The largest hall in the palace was fitted up as a
theatre, with appropriate decorations. At the side scene there was a bed of turf, on
which I was to be discovered asleep, when the Moors were to rush in and take me
prisoner. When we had got so forward with our rehearsals as to be sure of being ready
by the time fixed, the archbishop sent out cards of invitation to all the principal
families in the city.
At length the great, the important day arrived; and each performer was big
with the contrivance and adjustment of his dress. Mine was brought by a tailor,
accompanied by our major- domo, who, after taking the trouble of drilling me at
rehearsal, wished to see justice done to my outward appearance. The tailor put me on
a rich robe of blue velvet, with hanging sleeves, gold lace, fringe, and buttons: the
major-domo himself crowned me with a pasteboard crown, studded with false
diamonds and real pearls. Moreover, they gave me a sash of pink silk worked in
silver; so that every new ornament was like a quill-feather in the wing of a bird. At
last, about dusk, the play began. The curtain drew up for my soliloquy; the purport of
which was to express, in a roundabout, poetical way, that not being able to defend
myself from the influence of sleep, I was going to lie down and take it as it came. To

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suit the action to the word, I sidled off to the corner between the flat and the wings,
and squatted down on my bed of turf, but instead of going to sleep, according to
promise, I was hammering upon the means of getting into the street, and running
away with my coronation finery. A little private staircase, leading under the theatre
into the lower saloon, seemed to furnish the probability of success. I slid away slily,
while the audience were considering some necessary question of the play, and ran
down the staircase, through the saloon, to the door, calling out, "Make way! make
way! I must change my dress, and run up again in a moment!" They all made a lane,
for fear of hindering me; so that in less than two minutes I got clear out of the palace,
under cover of the darkness, and scampered to the house of my friend who saw
gentlemen's trunks safe on board.
He stared like a stuck pig at my equipment l But when I let him into the why
and the wherefore, he laughed ready to split his sides. Then, shaking hands in the
sincerity of his heart, because he flattered himself with the hope of a pension on the
King of Leon's civil list, he wished me joy of so successful a first appearance, and
joined issue with the major-domo in the prognostic, that with encouragement and
practice I should turn out a first-rate actor, and make no little noise in the world. After
we had diverted ourselves for some time at the expense of my manager and audience,
I said to the bully -- What shall we do with this magnificent dress? Do not make
yourself uneasy about that, answered he. I know an honest broker, without an atom of
curiosity in his composition, who will buy or sell anything with any person, provided
that he gets the turn of the market upon the transaction. I will fetch him to you to-
morrow morning. The knowing fellow was as good as his word; for he went out early
the next day, leaving me in bed, and returned two hours afterwards with the broker,
carrying a yellow bundle under his arm. My friend, said he, give me leave to
introduce Signor Ybagnez of Segovia, who, in spite of the bad example set him by the
trade in general, trusts to fair dealing and small profits for a moderate pittance and an
unblemished character. He will tell you to a fraction what the dress you want to part
with is really worth, and you may take his calculation as the balance of justice,
between, man and man. Oh yes I to a nicety, said the broker. Else wherefore live I in a
Christian land, but to appraise for my neighbour as for myself? To take a mean
advantage never was, thank heaven! and at these years never shall be, imputed to
Ybagnez of Segovia. Let us look a little at those articles! You are the seller; I am the
buyer! We have only to agree upon an equitable price. Here they are, said the bully,
pulling them out: now own the truth, was there ever anything more magnificent? You
do not often see such velvet: and then the trimming! You cannot say too much of it,
answered the salesman, examining the suit with the prying eye of a dealer, it is of the
very first quality. And what think you of the pearls upon this crown? resumed my
friend. A little rounder, observed Ybagnez, and there would be no setting a price upon
them! however, take them as they are, it is a very fine set, and I do not want to find
fault about trifles. Now your common run of appraisers, under my circumstances,
would affect to disparage the goods for the sake of getting them cheaper; one of those
fellows would have the conscience to offer twenty pistoles; but there is nothing like
bargaining with an upright, downright man! I will give forty at a word; take them or
leave them!
Had Ybagnez ventured up to a hundred, he would not have burned his fingers;
for the pearls alone would have fetched two hundred anywhere. The bully, who went
snacks, then said -- Now only look! what a mercy it is, to fall into the hands of a man
not of this world. Signor Ybagnez estimates money as dross, in comparison of his
principles and his soul. He may die to-night, and yet not be taken unprepared! That is

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too much! You make me blush, said the salesman of principle and soul; but so far is
true, that my price is always fixed. Well, now, is it a bargain? The money down upon
the nail too! Stop a moment! answered the bully; my little friend must first try on the
clothes you have brought for him by my order: I am very much mistaken if they will
not just fit him. The salesman then, untying his bundle, shewed me a second-hand suit
of dark cloth with silver buttons. I got up, and got into it; too big for me every way!
but these gentlemen could have sworn it had been made to my measure. Ybagnez put
it at ten pistoles; and as he was an upright, downright man, of fixed principle and soul,
estimating money as dross in comparison of integrity, his first price was of course his
last. He therefore took out his purse, and counted down thirty pistoles upon a table;
after which he packed up the King of Leon's regalia, and went his way.
When he was gone, the bully said -- I am very well satisfied with that broker.
And so he well might be; for I am certain he must have received at least a hundred
pistoles as hush-money. But there was no reason why the broker's benevolence should
pay the debts of my gratitude: so he took half the money on the table, without saying
with your leave or by your leave, and suffered me to pocket the remainder, with the
following advice: My dear Scipio, with that balance of fifteen pistoles, I would have
you get out of this town as fast as you can; for you may suppose that my lord
archbishop will ferret you out if you are above-ground. It would grieve me to the heart
if, after having risen so superior to the prejudice of honesty, you had the weakness to
fall foul of what alone keeps it afloat, the house of correction. I answered that it was
my fixed purpose to make myself scarce at Seville, and accordingly, after buying a hat
and some shirts, I travelled through vineyards and olive groves to the ancient city of
Carmona; and in three days afterwards arrived at Cordova.
I put up at an inn close by the market-place, giving myself out for the heir of a
good family at Toledo, travelling for his pleasure. My appearance did not belie the
story, and a few pistoles, which I contrived carelessly to chink within the landlord's
hearing, pinned his faith upon my veracity. Probably my unfledged youth might lead
him to take me for some graceless little truant who had robbed his parents and run
away. But that was no concern of his: he took the thing just as I gave it him, for fear
lest his curiosity should clash with my continuance at his house. For six reals a day
one could live like a gentleman at this inn, where there was generally a considerable
concourse of company. About a dozen people sat down at supper. It was whimsical
enough; but the whole party plied their knives and forks without speaking a word,
except one man, who talked incessantly, right or wrong, and made up for the silence
of the rest by his eternal babble. He affected to be a wit, to tell a good story, and took
great pains to make the good folks merry by his puns; and accordingly they did laugh
most inextinguishably; but it was at him, not with him.
For my part, I paid so little attention to the talk of this rattle, that I should have
got up from table without knowing what it was all about, if he had not brought it
home to my business and my bosom. Gentlemen, cried he, just as supper was over, I
have kept my best story for the last; a very droll thing happened within these few days
at the archbishop of Seville's palace. I had it from a young fellow of my acquaintance,
who assures me that he was present at the time. These words made my heart jump up
into my throat, for I had no doubt of this being my exploit -- and so it turned out This
pleasant gentle man related the facts as they actually happened, and even carried the
adventure to its conclusion, of which I was as yet ignorant: but now you shall be made
as wise as myself.
No sooner had I absconded, than the Moors, who were, according to the
progress of the fable and the rising of the interest, to lay violent hands on me,

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appeared upon the stage, for the fell purpose of surprising me on my bed of turf,
where the author had given them reason to expect me fast asleep; but when they
thought they were just going to capot the King of Leon, they found, to their surprise,
that both the king and the knave made a trick against them. Here was a hole in the
ballad! The actors all lost their cue; some of them called me by name, others ran to
look for me; here is a fellow bawling as though his bellows would burst, there stands
another, muttering to himself about the devil, just as if that reptile could stand upright
in such a presence! The archbishop, perceiving trouble and confusion to lord it behind
the scenes, asked what was the matter. At the sound of the prelate's voice, a page, who
was the fiddle of the piece, came to the front and spoke thus: My lord archbishop,
ladies, and gentlemen! We are extremely sorry to inform you, as players, but
extremely glad, as men and Christians, that the King of Leon is at present in no
danger whatever of being taken prisoner by the Moors: he has adopted effectual
measures for the security of his royal person; and to the royal person, as liberty avails
little without property, he has irrevocably attached the crown, insignia, and robes.
And a happy deliverance for himself and Christendom! exclaimed the archbishop. He
has done perfectly right to escape from the enemies of our religion, and to burst from
the bonds in which their malice would have laid him. By this time, probably, he has
reached the confines of his kingdom, or may have entered the capital. May no unlucky
accident have retarded him on his journey! And that the sin of none such may lie
heavy on my conscience, I beg leave very positively to make my pleasure known, that
he may proceed unmolested by any interruption from this quarter; I should be highly
mortified indeed, if his majesty's pious endeavours were to be frustrated by the
slightest indignity from the ministers of that religion in whose cause he labours and
suffers. The prelate, having thus declared his acquiescence in the motives of my
flight, ordered my part to be read, and the play to be resumed.

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CH. XI. -- Continuation of Scipio's story.

As long as I had money in my purse, my landlord was cap in hand; but the
moment he began to suspect that the funds were low, he became high and mighty,
picked a German quarrel with me, and one morning, before breakfast, begged it as a
favour of me to march out of his house. I followed his counsel as proudly as you
please, and betook me to a church belonging to the fathers of St Dominic, where,
while mass was performing, an old beggar accosted me on the usual topic of alms. I
dropped some small change into his hat, which was truly the orphan's mite, saying at
the same time: My friend, remember in your prayers to mention a situation for me; if
your petition is heard with favour, it shall be all the better for you; hearty thanks, and
a handsome poundage!
At these words, the beggar surveyed me up and down from head to foot, and
answered in a grave tone: What place would you wish to have? I should like, replied I,
to be footman in some family where I should do well. He inquired whether the matter
pressed. With all possible importunity, said I, for unless I have the good luck to get
settled very soon, the alternative will be horrible; death by the gripe of absolute
famine, or a livelihood in the ranks of your fraternity. If the latter were, after all, to be
your lot, resumed he, it certainly would be rather hard upon you, who have not been
brought up to our habits of life; but, with a little use and practice, you would prefer
our condition to service, which, partiality apart, is far less respectable than the
beggar's vocation. Nevertheless, since you like a menial occupation better than
leading a free and independent life like me, you shall have a berth without more ado.
Mean as my appearance, is, you must not measure my power by it. Meet me here at
the same hour to-morrow.
I took care to keep the appointment. Though at the spot before the time, I had
not long to wait before the beggar joined me, and told me to follow him. I did so. He
led me to a cellar not far from the church where he resided. We went in together; and
sitting down on a long bench, at least a hundred years the worse for wear, the
conversation took this turn on his part: A good action, as the proverb says, always
meets with its reward: you gave me alms yesterday, and that has determined me to get
you a place, which shall be soon done, with a blessing on my endeavours. I know an
old Dominican, by name Father Alexis, a holy monk, a ghostly confessor. I have the
honour to do all his little odd jobs, performing my task with so much discretion and
good faith, that he always lends his interest to me and my friends. I have spoken to
him about you, and in such terms as to prepossess him in your favour. You may be
introduced to his reverence whenever you please.
There is not a moment to be lost, said I to the old beggar; let us go to the good
monk immediately. The mendicant agreed, and led me by the arm to Father Alexis,
whom we found in his room, hard at work, writing spiritual letters. He broke off to
talk with me. As it was the wish of the mendicant, he would do all in his power to
serve me. Having learnt, pursued be, that Signor Balthasar Velasquez is in want of a
footboy, I wrote to him this morning on your behalf; and he just sent me for answer,
that he would take you without further inquiry on my recommendation. This very day
you may call on him from me; he is one of my flock, and my very good friend.
Thereupon the monk preached to me for three quarters of an hour on my moral and
religious duties, and how to fulfil them in conscience and honour. He enlarged
principally on the obligation of serving Velasquez with diligence and devotion; and
then assured me that he would take care and keep me in my place, provided my
master had no very material fault to find with me.

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After having thanked the holy person for his goodness towards me, I left the
convent with the beggar, who told me that Signor Balthasar Velasquez was an old
woollen-draper, but with much simplicity and good nature in his character. I doubt
not, added he, but you will be perfectly comfortable in his house. I begged to know
his place of residence, and repaired thither immediately, after promising to make my
gratitude manifest, as soon as I had taken root in my new soil. I went into a large
shop, where two fashionable young apprentices were walking up and down, practising
new grimaces against the entrance of the next customer. I inquired whether their
master was at home, saying that I wanted to speak with him from Father Alexis. At
that venerable name they shewed me into the counting-house, where their principal
was turning over the ledger. I made a low bow, and coming up to him, Sir, said I,
Father Alexis ordered me to call here and offer myself as a servant to your honour.
Ah! my smart lad, answered he, you are heartily welcome. It is enough that the holy
man sent you; and I shall take you in preference to three or four others who have been
recommended. It is a clear case; your wages begin from this day.
A very short time in the family convinced me that the head of it was just such
a man as he had been described, In point of simplicity, be was everything that could
be wished; so exquisite a subject for imposition, that it seemed next to an
impossibility not to exercise my craft upon such a handle. He had been a widower
four years, and had two children, a son five-and-twenty, and a daughter in her
eleventh year. The girl, brought up by a severe duenna, under the spiritual conduct of
Father Alexis, walked in the high road of virtue; but her brother, Gaspard Velasquez,
though no pains had been spared to make a good man of him, picked out for himself
all the vices of a young profligate. Sometimes he stayed away from home two or three
days together; and if, on his return, his father ventured to remonstrate in the least
against his proceedings, Gaspard shut his mouth at once, with a haughty toss of the
head, and an impertinent answer.
Scipio, said the old man one day, my son is the plague of my life. He is over
head and ears in all kinds of debauchery: and yet there is no accounting for it, since
his education was by no means neglected. I have given him the very best masters; and
my friend Father Alexis has done his utmost to train him up in the way he should go;
but there was no breaking him in; Master Gaspard ran restive, and bolted into
downright libertinism. You may perhaps tell me, that I spared the rod and spoiled the
child. Quite otherwise! he was punished whenever the occasion seemed to demand it;
for, though good-tempered at bottom, I am not to be played upon. I have even gone so
far as to lock him up, but that only made hint more headstrong than before. In short,
he is one of those impracticable beings, on whom good example, good advice, and a
good horsewhip, are equally thrown away. If ever he makes any figure in the world, it
must be by a miracle from heaven.
Though my heart was not grievously wrung by the sorrows of this unhappy
father, sympathy was expected from me, and I condoled with him accordingly. How
much to be pitied you are, sir! said I. Virtues like yours deserved to have been handed
down in your progeny. The event is quite the reverse, my good lad, answered he.
Heaven heard my prayer, and gave me a son, but converted the blessing into an
affliction. Among other grounds of complaint against Gaspard, I may tell you in
confidence, there is one which gives me a great deal of uneasiness; a vast longing to
rob his old father, which he too often finds the means of satisfying, in spite of all my
caution. Your predecessor played into his hands, and was turned away in
consequence. As for you, I flatter myself that my son will never be able to tamper
with your honesty. You will take my side of the question; for doubtless Father Alexis

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has given you your lesson on that head. You may rest assured of that, said I; for a
good long hour did his reverence lecture me on doing your will and pleasure without
let or hindrance; but I can assure you, there was no need of his saying anything about
the matter. I feel within myself a sort of call to serve you faithfully, and I promise to
do it with a zeal beyond all the temptations of the world to shake or lessen.
He who only hears one side is in danger of deciding partially. Young
Velasquez, a mixture of the fribble and the braggart, concluding from the cut of my
countenance that I was made up of mortal frailty like my dear predecessor, drew me
aside to a snug corner, and there talked to me after this fashion. Now mind what is
said to you, my dear fellow; you may think I do not know that you are set as a spy
upon me by my father; but take especial care how you proceed, for I can assure you
most sincerely, that the office is not without very considerable inconvenience to those
who undertake it. If ever I find that you tell tales out of school, I will give you such a
basting as you never had in your life; but if you will make common cause with me,
and a fool of my father, you may buy golden returns of gratitude from your humble
servant. Do you wish me to deal with you upon the nail? You shall go snacks in at that
we can squeeze out of the old fellow. You have only to take your choice: fall at once
into the ranks either of father or son; for neutrals will come worse off, where the
contending parties fight for their existence.
Sir, answered I, you make the shoe pinch very tight; it is self- evident that
there is nothing for me to do but to enlist under your banners, though in my
conscience it seems like a crying sin to betray Signor Velasquez. That is no concern
of yours, rejoined Gaspard; he is an old hunks, who wants to keep me under his
thumb; a curmudgeon who refuses me the rights of nature, in refusing to stand to the
expenses and repairs of my pleasures; for pleasures are the necessaries of life at five-
and-twenty. It is in this point of view that you must form your opinion of my father. If
that is the case, so be it, sir, said I; there is no standing against so just a subject of
complaint. I am quite at your service to play second fiddle in all your laudable
enterprises; but let us take especial care to conceal our good understanding, for fear
your faithful, humble servant should be kicked out of doors. It will not be amiss, in
my poor opinion, for you to affect an extreme antipathy against me: some good round
of abuse would have a very pretty effect; you need not be nice; all the blackguard
terms in the dictionary will come at your call. Nay, a box on the ear now and then, or
a kick on the breech, will break no squares; on the contrary, the more you express
your thorough dislike, the more Signor Balthasar will pin his faith upon my sleeve.
My cue will be, apparently to avoid speaking to you if possible. In waiting at table, I
shall perform my little attentions to you at arm's length; and whenever your honour
may happen to be called over the coals by the shopmen, you must not take it amiss if I
abuse you worse than a pick-pocket.
As plain as chalk from cheese! cried young Velasquez at this last hint; this is
admirable, my friend; at your early age, it is uncommon to meet with such a talent for
intrigue; I consider it as a most happy omen for my purpose. With such a performer to
play up to me, I flatter myself the old codger will be pinched to the bone and left
penniless. You really carry your good opinion of me beyond what my merit will
justify, said I; some industry may fall to my share, but not such exalted genius. But I
shall do my utmost; and if my honest endeavours fail, your candour most find excuses
for my imbecility.
It was not long before Gaspard had proof positive that I was to a hair's breadth
the very man he wanted; and the following was precisely the first trick I played into
his hand. Balthasar's strong box was in the good man's chamber, by his bed-side, a

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sort of oratory, with a prayer-book always lying upon it. Every time I looked that way,
my eyes glistened with hope and pleasure; my heart chuckled over the very idea of
what might happen: Fair, sweet, cruel box, will you for ever be coy to my addresses?
May I never experience the heart-felt delight of possessing all your charms for better,
for worse? As I went into the room at pleasure, and only Gaspard was warned off the
premises, it happened one day that I watched his father. The old gentleman, fancying
himself unobserved of human eye, after having opened his treasury and closed it fast
again, hid the key behind the hangings. I took an accurate observation of the place,
and communicated the discovery to my young master, who said with an improving
hug: Ah! my dear Scipio, what glorious news you bring! Our fortune is made, my dear
fellow. I will furnish you with wax; you shall take the impression of the key, and then
our business is done, There will be no difficulty in finding a benevolent locksmith in
Cordova, where, to do the place justice, there are as many rogues as in any part of
Spain.
Well! but why, said I to Gaspard, do you want a false key? We may find our
account in the proper one. Yes, answered he; but I am afraid lest my father, through
mistrust or whim, should take a fancy to hiding it elsewhere; and the safest way is, to
have one of our own. I commended his precaution, and falling in with all his
principles, got ready for taking the impression of the key: this was effected one
morning early, while my old master was paying a visit to Father Alexis, with whom
he for the most part held very long conferences. I did not stop here; but availed myself
of the key to open the strong box, wherein an ample range of large and small bags
threw me into the most delightful perplexity imaginable. I did not know which to
choose, there was such a family likeness among them; nevertheless, as the fear of
being caught did not allow of any long deliberation, I laid hands, haphazard, on the
largest. Then, locking the box carefully, and putting the key back again behind the
hangings, I got away out of the chamber with my booty, and hid it under my bed, in a
small closet where I lay.
Having performed this exploit so successfully, I ran back as fast as my legs
would carry me to young Velasquez, who was waiting at a house where he had given
me notice to meet him, and his delight was extreme at the recital of what I had just
done. He was so fully satisfied with me, as to lavish caresses without number, and to
offer me thrice, in the fulness of his heart, half the contents of the bag, which I did
thrice refuse. No, no, sir, said I, this first bag is yours and yours only; apply it to your
own uses and occasions. I shall return forth with to the strong box, where, as our
lucky stars have contrived it, there is money enough for both of us. Accordingly, three
days afterwards I carried off a second bag, containing, like the first, five hundred
crowns, of which I would only handle the fourth part, let Gaspard be as pressing as he
pleased to force upon me a brotherly division, share and share alike.
As soon as this young man found himself so flush of money, and consequently
in a condition to gratify his hankering after women and play, he gave himself up
entirely to the devices of his own imagination; nay, his evil genius pursued him so far,
as to make him fall desperately in love with one of those female harpies, who devour
without remorse or intermission, and swallow up the largest fortunes. His
disbursements at her instigation were frightful; and thus it became necessary for me to
pay so many visits to the strong box, that old Velasquez at length found out he had
been robbed. Scipio, said he one morning, I must give you a piece of information;
some one robs me, my friend; my strong box has been opened; several bags have been
taken out, that is a certain fact. Whom ought I to accuse of this theft? or rather, who
else but my son can have committed it? Gaspard must have got by stealth into my

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chamber, or else you yourself must have played booty with him; for I am tempted to
believe you are in league with him, though to outward appearance you do not set up
your horses together. And yet I am unwilling to harbour that suspicion, because Father
Alexis undertook to answer for your honesty. I gave him to understand that, by the
blessing of heaven on a good natural disposition, my neighbours' goods had no
temptation in my sight; and I so happily suited the action to the lie, and the lie to the
action, that my judge pronounced a verdict of acquittal on the evidence of grimace
and hypocrisy.
Accordingly the old man dropped the subject; but for all that, there was a
general misgiving in his breast, and it would sometimes light upon me; taking
precautions, therefore, against our further attacks, he had a new lock put to his strong
box and always carried the key in his pocket By these means, an embargo being laid
on our traffic with the bags, we looked excessively foolish, especially Gaspard, who,
being unable any longer to keep his nymph in her usual style, knew very well that he
was likely to be tossed out of her window. He had, however, invention enough to
devise an expedient for keeping his head above water a few days longer, and that was
neither more nor less than to get into his clutches, in the form of a loan, my dividend
on the joint stock of the strong box. I refunded to the last farthing; and this restitution,
it is to be hoped, may be set off as an anticipated act of justice to the old draper, in the
person of his heir.
The young man, having exhausted this scanty supply, and desperate of any
other, fell into a deep melancholy, and into ultimate derangement. He no longer
looked on his father in any other light than as the bane of his life. His frenzy broke out
into the most dreadful projects; so that, without listening to the voice of consanguinity
or nature, the wretch conceived the impious design of poisoning him. He was not
content with making me privy to the atrocious design, but even proposed to render me
the instrument of parricide. At the very thought, my blood ran cold within me. Sir,
said I, is it possible that you are so rejected of heaven as to have formed this horrid
plot? What! is it in your nature to murder the author of your existence? Shall Spain,
the favoured abode of the Christian faith, bear witness to the commission of a crime,
at the first blush of which transatlantic savages would recoil with horror? No, my dear
master, added I, throwing myself on my knees, no, you will not be guilty of an action
which would raise the hand of all mankind against you, and be overtaken by an
infamous punishment
I pressed many arguments beside on Gaspard, to dissuade him from so fearful
an enterprise. How the deuce I came by all the moral and religious topics, which I
brought to act against the fortress of his despair, is more than I can account for; but it
is certain that I preached like a doctor of Salamanca, though a mere stripling, born of
a gipsy fortune-teller. And yet it was to no purpose that I suggested the duty of
communing with his own better resolutions, and stoutly wrestling with the fiend, who
was lying in wait for his immortal soul; my pious eloquence was dissipated into air.
His head hung sullenly on his bosom, and his tongue uttered no sound, in answer to
all my mollifying exhortations, so that there was every reason to conclude he would
not swerve from his purpose.
Hereupon, taking my own measures, I requested a private interview with my
old master; and being closeted with him, Sir, said I, allow me to throw myself at your
feet, and to implore your pity. In pathetic accord with my moving accents, I prostrated
myself before him, with my face all bathed in tears. The merchant, surprised at what
he saw and heard, asked the cause of my distress. Remorse of conscience and
repentance, answered I; but neither repentance nor remorse can ever wash out my

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guilt. I have been weak enough to give ear to your son, and to be his accomplice in
robbing you. To this confession I added a sincere acknowledgment of all that had
happened, with the particulars of my late conversation with Gaspard, whose design I
laid open without the least reserve.
Bad as was the opinion which old Velasquez entertained of his son, he could
scarcely believe his ears. Nevertheless, finding no good reason to distrust the truth of
my account, Scipio, said he, raising me from the ground, where I had till now been
prostrate at his feet, I forgive you in consideration of the important notice you have
communicated. Gaspard! pursued he, raising his voice up to the loudness of anguish,
does Gaspard aim a blow at my life! Ah l ungrateful son, unnatural monster! better
thou hadst never been born, or stifled at thy birth, than to have been reared for the
destruction of thy father! What plea, what object, what palliation of the atrocious
deed? I furnished thee annually with a reasonable allowance for thy pleasures, and
what wouldst thou have more? Must I have drained my fortune to the dregs to support
thee in thy extravagance? Having vented his feelings in this bitter apostrophe, he
enjoined secrecy on me, and told me to leave him alone, while be considered how to
act in so delicate a conjuncture.
I was very anxious to know what resolution this unhappy father would take,
when on that very day he sent for Gaspard, and addressed hint thus without betraying
the inward emotions of his heart: My so; I have received a letter from Merida,
purporting that if you are disposed to marry, you may make a match with a very fine
girl of fifteen, with a handsome fortune in her pocket. If you have not forsworn that
happy and holy estate, we will set out to-morrow morning by daybreak for Merida:
you will see the lady in question, and if she hits your fancy, the business may soon be
settled, Gaspard, pricking up his ears at a handsome fortune, and already fingering the
cash by anticipation, answered unhesitatingly that he was ready to undertake the
journey; and accordingly they departed the following day at sun-rise, without
attendants, mounted on good mules.
Having reached the mountains of Fesira, in a delightful spot for the operations
of banditti, but terror-stirring to the timid souls of travellers, Balthasar dismounted,
and desired his son to do likewise. The young man obeyed, but expressed his surprise
at such a requisition, in so lonely a place. I will tell you the reason presently,
answered the old man, darting at him a look of mingled grief and anger: We are not
going to Merida; and the alleged courtship was only an invention of mine, for the
purpose of drawing you hither. I am not ignorant, ungrateful and unnatural son, I am
not uninformed of your meditated crime. I am aware that a poison, prepared by your
hands, was to have been administered to me; but, mad as you are, could it enter into
your contemplation that my life could have been invaded with impunity by such
means? How fatally mistaken! Your crime would soon have been detected, and you
would have perished under the hands of the executioner. There is a safer way of
glutting your fell malice, without exposing yourself to an ignominious death; we are
here without witnesses, and in a place where daily murders are perpetrated; since you
are so thirsty after my blood, plunge your dagger into my bosom: the assassination
will naturally be laid at the door of some banditti. After these words, Balthasar, laying
his breast bare, and pointing to his heart, ended with this challenge: Here, Gaspard,
strike deep enough, strike home; make me pay that forfeit for having engendered such
a disgrace to human nature, and no more than what is due to so monstrous a
production,
Young Velasquez, struck by this reproach as by a thunderbolt, far from
pleading in his own justification, fell instantly lifeless at his father's feet. The good old

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man, hailing the germ of repentance in this unfeigned testimony of shame, could not
help yielding to paternal weakness; he made all possible haste to give his assistance;
but Gaspard had no sooner recovered the use of his senses, than unable to stand in the
presence of a father so justly offended, he made an effort to raise himself from the
ground, then sprang upon his mule, and galloped out of sight without saying one
word. Balthasar suffered him to take his own course, and returned to Cordova, little
doubting but conscience would play its part in revenging his wrongs. Six months
afterwards it appeared that the culprit had thrown himself into the Carthusian convent
at Seville, there to pass the remnant of his days in penance.

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CH. XII. -- Conclusion of Scipio's story.

BAD example sometimes produces the converse of itself. The behaviour of
young Velasquez made me think seriously on my own predicament. I began to wrestle
with my thievish propensities, and to live like one of the better sort. A confirmed habit
of pouncing upon money wherever I could get it, had been contracted by such a long
succession of individual acts, that it was no easy matter to say where it should stop.
And yet I was in hopes to accomplish my own reformation, under the idea that to
become virtuous a man had nothing to do but to contract the desire of being so. I
therefore undertook this great work, and heaven seemed to smile upon my efforts: I
left off eyeing the old draper's strong box with the carnal regard of avaricious longing:
nay, I verily believe, that if it had depended on my own will and pleasure to have
turned over the contents to my own use, I should have abstained from the crime of
picking and stealing. It must, however, be admitted, that it would have been an
unadvisable measure to tempt my new-born integrity with meats too strong for its
stomach: and Velasquez was nurse enough to keep me on a proper diet.
Don Manriquez de Medrano, a young gentleman, knight of Alcantara, was in
the habit of coming backwards and forwards to our house. He was a customer, one of
our principal in point of rank, if not punctual in point of pay. I had the happiness to
find favour with this knight, who never met me without that sort of notice which
encouraged conversation, and with that conversation he appeared always to be very
much pleased. Scipio, said he, one day, if I had a footman of your kidney, it would be
as good as a fortune to me, and if you were not in the service of a man who stands so
high in my regards, I should make no scruple about enticing you away. Sir, answered
I, you would have very little trouble in succeeding; for I am distractedly partial to
people of fashion; it is my weak side; their free and easy manners fascinate me to the
extreme of folly. That being the case, replied Don Manriquez, I will at once beg
Signor Balthasar to turn you over from his household to mine: he will scarcely refuse
me such a request. Accordingly Velasquez was kind and complying, with so much the
less violence to his own private feelings, as there seemed no reason to think, that if a
man parted with one knavish servant, he might not easily get another in his place. To
me the change was all for the better, since a tradesman's service appeared but a
beggarly condition in comparison with the office of own man to a knight of Alcantara.
To draw a faithful likeness of my new master, I must describe him as a
gentleman possessing every requisite of person, figure, manners, and disposition. Nor
was that all; for his courage and honour were equal to his other qualities: the goods of
fortune were the only good things he wanted, but being the younger son of a family
more distinguished by descent than opulence, he was obliged to draw for his expenses
on an old aunt living at Toledo, who loved him as her own child, and administered to
his occasions with affectionate liberality. He was always well dressed, and
everywhere well received. He visited the principal ladies in the city, and among others
the Marchioness of Almenara. She was a widow of seventy-two, but the centre of
attraction to all the fashionable society of Cordova, by the elegance of her manners
and the sprightliness of her conversation: men as well as women laid themselves out
for an introduction, because her parties conferred at once on the frequenters the patent
of good company.
My master was one of that lady's most assiduous courtiers. After leaving her
one evening, his spirits seemed to be more elevated than was natural to him. Sir, said
I, you are evidently in a good deal of agitation; may your faithful servant ask on what
account? Has anything happened out of the common way? The young gallant smiled

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at so home a question, and owned candidly that he had just been engaged in a serious
conversation with the Marchioness of Almenara. I will lay a wage; said I, laughing
outright, that this moppet of threescore and ten, this girl in her second childhood, has
been unfolding to you all the secret movements of a tender, susceptible heart. Do not
make a jest of it, answered he; for the fact is, my friend, that the Marchioness is
seriously in love with me. She told me that the narrowness of my circumstances was
as well known to her as the nobility of my birth; that she had taken a liking to me, and
was determined to place me at my ease by marriage, since she could not decently lay
her fortune at my feet on any other terms. That this marriage would expose her to
public ridicule, she professed to have considered; that scandal would be busy at her
expense; in short, that she should pass for an old fool with an ambitious eye and a
liquorish constitution. No matter for that! She was not to be awed from the career of
her humour by quips and sentences: her only alarm was, lest I should either make
sport of her intentions, or torment her more grievously by my aversion.
Such, continued the knight, was the substance of the Marchioness's
declaration, and I am the more astonished at it, because she is the most prudent and
sensible woman in Cordova; wherefore I answered by expressing my surprise at her
honouring me with the offer of her hand, since she had hitherto persisted in her
resolution of remaining in a state of widowhood. To this she replied, that having a
considerable fortune, it would give her pleasure to share it in her life-time with a man
of honour to whom she was attached. To all appearance then, rejoined I, you have
made up your mind to take a lover's leap. Can you doubt about that? answered he. The
Marchioness is immensely rich, with excellent qualities both of head and heart. It
would be the extreme of folly and fastidiousness to let so advantageous a settlement
slip through my fingers.
I entirely approved my master's purpose of profiting by so fine an opportunity
to make his fortune, and even advised him to bring the matter to a short issue, for fear
of a change in the wind. Happily the lady had the business more at heart than myself;
her orders were given so effectually, that the necessary forms and ceremonies were
soon got over. When it became known in Cordova that the old Marchioness of
Almenara was getting herself ready to be the bride of young Don Manriquez de
Medrano, the wits began breaking their odd quirks and remnants in derision of the
widow; but though she heard her own detractions, she did not put them to mending;
the town might talk as they pleased; for when she said she would die a widow, she did
not think to live till she were married. The wedding was solemnized with a publicity
and splendour which furnished fresh food for evil tongues. The bride, said they, might
at least have had the modesty to dispense with noise and ostentation, so unbecoming
in an old widow who marries a young husband.
The Marchioness, far enough from yielding to the suggestions of shame at her
own inconsistency, or the disparity of their ages, yielded herself up without constraint
to the expression of the most lively joy. She gave a grand concert and supper, with a
ball afterwards, and invited all the principal families in Cordova. Just before the close
of the ball, the new-married couple disappeared, and were shewn to an apartment,
where, with no other witnesses but her own maid and myself she spoke to my master
in these terms: -- Don Manriquez, this is your apartment; mine is in another part of the
house: we will pass the night in separate rooms, and will live together by day like
mother and son. At first the knight did not know what to make of this; he thought that
the lady was only trying his temper, as if her coldness must be wooed to kindness, and
her love, like her pardon, not unsought, be won. Imagining, therefore, that good
manners required, at least, the shew of passion, he made his advances, and offered,

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according to the laws of amorous suit enacted in such cases, to assist in the
disencumbering duties of her toilet; but, so far from allowing him to interfere with the
province of her servant, she pushed him back with a serious air, saying: Hold, Don
Manriquez; if you take me for one of those sweet- toothed old women who marry a
second time from mere incontinence, you do me a manifest injustice: my proposals
were not fraught with conditions of hard service as the tenure of our nuptial contract;
the gift of my heart was unmixed with sensual dross, and your gratitude is only drawn
upon for returns of pure and platonic friendship. After this explanation, she left my
master and me in our apartment, and withdrew to her own with her attendant,
forbidding the bridegroom, in the most positive manner, to attempt retiring with her.
After her departure, it was some time before we recovered from our surprise at
what we had just heard. Scipio, said my master, could you ever have believed that the
Marchioness would have talked in such a strain? What think you of so philosophic a
bride? I think, sir, answered I, that she is a phoenix among the brood of Hymen. It is
for all the world like a good living without parochial duties. For my part, replied Don
Manriquez, there is nothing so much to my taste as a wife of modest pretensions; and
I mean to make her amends for the trophy she has raised to unadulterated esteem, by
all the delicate attentions in my power to pay. We kept up the subject of the lady's
moderation till it was full time to separate. My quarters were fixed in an ante room
with a book-case bedstead; my master's in an elegant bed-chamber with every
appurtenance except one: but however necessary it might be to play the disappointed
bridegroom, I am much mistaken if in the bottom of his soul he was half so much
afraid of sleeping by himself as of being encumbered with a bed- fellow.
The rejoicings began again on the following day, and the bride was so jocund
on the occasion, that the bolts of the fools among her visitors were not soon shot. She
was the first to laugh at all their pointless jokes; nay, she even set the little wits to
work, by giving them an example of pleasantry, which they were very little able to
follow. The happy man, on his part, seemed to be very little less happy than his
partner; and one would have sworn, judging by the glance of satisfaction which
accompanied his language and deportment, that he liked mutton better than lamb. This
well-matched pair had a second conversation in the evening; and then it was decided
that without interfering in the least with one another, they should live together just on
the same footing as they had lived before marriage. At all events, much credit must be
given to Don Manriquez on one account: he did, from delicate consideration towards
his wife, what few husbands would have done under his circumstances, for he
discarded a little sempstress of whom he was very fond, and who was very fond of
him, because he did not choose to keep up a connection insulting to the feelings of a
lady so studious of his.
While he was furnishing such unusual testimonies of gratitude to his elderly
benefactress, she overpaid and doubly paid her debt of obligation, even without diving
into its nature or extent. She gave him the master key of her strong box, which was
better provided than that of Velasquez. Though she had reduced her establishment
during widowhood, it was now replaced upon the same footing as in the lifetime of
her first husband; the complement of household servants was enlarged, the stud and
equipages were in the very first style; in a word, by her generosity and kindness, the
most beggarly knight belonging to the order of Alcantara became the most monied
member of the fraternity. You may perhaps be disposed to ask me, how much I was in
pocket by all that; and my answer is, fifty pistoles from my mistress, and a hundred
from my master, who, moreover, appointed me his secretary, with a salary of four

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hundred crowns; nay, his confidence was so unbounded, that I was fixed on to fill the
office of treasurer.
Treasurer! cried I, interrupting Scipio at the very idea, and bursting into an
immoderate fit of laughter. Yes, sir, replied he, with a cool, unflinching seriousness;
you are perfectly right, treasurer was the word; and I may venture to say that the
duties of the office were executed without the slightest occasion for a committee of
inquiry. True it is that the balance may be somewhat against me, for I was always in
the habit of overdrawing my wages; and as the firm was dissolved somewhat
suddenly, it is by no means impossible that the balance of my cash account might be
on the wrong side: but, at all events, it was my last slip; and since that time my ways
have been ways of uprightness and honesty.
Thus was I, continued this son of a gipsy, secretary and treasurer to Don
Manriquez, who, to all appearance, was as happy in me as I in him, when he received
a letter from Toledo, announcing that his aunt, Donna Theodora Moscoso, was on her
last legs. He was so much affected by the news, as to set out instantly and pay his duty
to that lady, who had been more than a mother to him for several years. I attended him
on the journey with only two under-servants; we were all mounted on the best horses
in the stable, and reached Toledo without loss of time, where we found Donna
Theodora in a state to warrant our hopes that she would not, at present, weigh anchor
on her outward bound voyage; and, in fact, our judgment on her case, though point
blank in contradiction to that of an old physician who attended her, proved by the
event that we knew at least as much of the matter as he did.
While the health of our venerable relative was improving from day to day,
less, perhaps, from the effect of the prescriptions than in consequence of her dear
nephew's presence, your worthy friend the treasurer passed his time in the pleasantest
manner possible, with some young people whose acquaintance was admirably
calculated to ventilate the confined cash in his pocket. Sometimes they enticed me to
the tennis-court, and took me in for a game: on those occasions, not being quite so
steady a player as my master, Don Abel, I lost much oftener than I won. By degrees
play became a passion with me; and if the taste had been suffered to gain complete
possession, it would doubtless have laid me under the necessity of drawing bills of
accommodation on the family bank; but happily love stepped in, and saved the credit
both of the bank and of my principles. One day, passing along near the church of the
Epiphany, I espied through a lattice with the drapery drawn up, a young girl who
might well be called a thing divine, for nothing natural was ever seen so lovely. I
would lay on my compliment still thicker, if words were not wanting to express the
effect of her first appearance upon my mind. I set my wits to work, and by dint of
diligent inquiry, learned that her name was Beatrice, and that she was waiting-maid to
Donna Julia, younger daughter of the Count de Polan.
Beatrice broke in upon the thread of Scipio's story by laughing immoderately:
then, directing her speech to my wife, Charming Antonia, said she, do but just look at
me, I beseech you, and then say truly, whether I could be likened to a thing divine.
You might at that time, to my enamoured sight, said Scipio; and, since your conjugal
faith is no longer under a cloud, my visual appetite increases by what it feeds on. It
was a pretty compliment! and my secretary, having fired it off, pursued his narrative
as follows.
This intelligence kindled the flame of passion within me; but not, it must be
confessed, a flame which could be acknowledged without a blush. I took it for granted
that my triumph over her scruples would be easy if my biddings were high enough to
command the ordinary market of female chastity; but Beatrice was a pearl beyond

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price. In vain did I solicit her, through the channel of some intriguing gossips, with
the offer of my purse and of my most tender attentions; she rejected all my proposals
with disdain. I had recourse to the lover's last remedy, and offered her my hand, which
she deigned to accept on the strength of my being secretary and treasurer to Don
Manriquez. As it seemed expedient to keep our marriage secret for some time, the
ceremony was performed privately, in presence of Dame Lorenza Sephora,
Seraphina's governess, and before some others of the Count de Polan's household.
After our happy union, Beatrice contrived the means of our meeting by day, and
passing some part of every night together in the garden, whither I repaired through a
little gate of which she gave me a key. Never were man and wife better pleased with
each other than Beatrice and myself: with equal impatience did we watch for the hour
of our appointment; with congenial emotions of eager sensibility did we hasten to the
spot, and the moments which we passed together, though countless from their number
in the calendar of cold indifference, to us were few and fleeting, in comparison with
that eternity of mutual bliss for which we panted.
One night, a night which should be expunged from the almanac, a night of
darkness and despair, contrasted with the brightness of all our former nights, I was
surprised on approaching the garden, to find the little gate open. This unusual
circumstance alarmed me; for it seemed to augur something inauspicious to my
happiness: I turned pale and trembled, as if with a foreknowledge of what was going
to happen. Advancing in the dark towards a bower, where our private meetings had
usually taken place, I heard a man's voice. I stopped on the instant to listen, when the
following words struck like the sound of death upon my ear: Do not keep me
languishing in suspense, my dear Beatrice; make my happiness complete, and
consider that your own fortunes are closely connected with mine. Instead of having
patience to hear further, it seemed as if more had been said than blood could expiate;
that devil, jealousy, took possession of my soul; I drew my sword, and breathing only
vengeance, rushed into the bower. Ah! base seducer, cried I, whoever you are, you
shall tear this heart from out my breast, rather than touch my honour on its tenderest
point. With these words on my lips, I attacked the gentleman who was talking with
Beatrice. He stood upon his guard without more ado, like a man much better
acquainted with the science of arms than myself, who had only received a few lessons
from a fencing-master at Cordova. And yet, strong as his sword- arm was, I made a
thrust which he could not parry, or what is more likely, his foot slipped: I saw him
fall; and fancying that I had wounded him mortally, ran away as hard as my legs could
carry me, without deigning to answer Beatrice, who would have called me back.
Yes, indeed! said Scipio's wife, resolved to have her share in the development
of the story; I called out for the purpose of undeceiving him. The gentleman
conversing with me in the arbour was Don Ferdinand de Leyva. This nobleman, who
was in love with my mistress Julia, had laid a plan for running away with her, from
despair of being able to obtain her hand by any other means; and I had myself made
this assignation with him in the garden, to concert measures for the elopement, and
with his fortune he assured me that my own was closely linked; but it was in vain that
I screamed after my husband; he darted from me as if my very touch were
contamination.
In such a state of mind, resumed Scipio, I was capable of anything. Those who
know by experience what jealousy is, into what extravagance it drives the best-
regulated spirits, will be at no loss to conceive the disorder it must have produced in
my weak brain. I passed in a moment from one extreme to an other: emotions of
hatred succeeded instantaneously to all my former sentiments of affection for my

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wife. I took an oath never to see her more, and to banish her for ever from my
memory. Besides, the supposed death of a man lay upon my conscience; and under
that idea, I was afraid of falling into the hands of justice; so that every torment which
could be accumulated on the head of guilt and misery by the fury of despair and the
demon of remorse, was the remediless companion of my wretched flight In this
dreadful situation, thinking only of my escape, I returned home no more, but
immediately quitted Toledo, with no other provision for my journey but the clothes on
my back. It is true, I had about sixty pistoles in my pocket; a tolerable supply for a
young man, whose views in life pointed no higher than a good service.
I walked forward all night, or rather ran, for the phantom of an alguazil always
dogging me at the heels made me perform wonders of pedestrian activity. The dawn
overtook me between Rodillas and Maqueda. When I was at the latter town, finding
myself a little weary, I went into the church which was just opened, and having put up
a short prayer, sat down on a bench to rest. I began musing on the state of my affairs,
which were sufficiently out at elbows to require all my skill in patch-work, but the
time for reflection as well as for repentance were cut short. The church echoed on a
sudden with three or four smacks of a whip, which made me conclude that some
carrier was on the road. I immediately got up to go and see whether I was right or
wrong. At the door I found a man, mounted on a mule, leading two others by the
halter. Stop, my friend, said I, whither are those two mules going? To Madrid,
answered he. I came hither with two good Dominicans, and am now setting out on my
return.
Such an opportunity of going to Madrid gave me an itching desire for the
expedition: I made my bargain with the muleteer, jumped upon one of his mules, and
away we scampered towards Ilescas, where we were to put up for the night. Scarcely
were we out of Maqueda before the muleteer, a man from five-and-thirty to forty,
began chanting the church service with a most collegiate twang. This trial of his lungs
began with matins, in the drowsy tone of a canon between asleep and awake; then he
roared out the Belief; alternately in contralto, tenor, and bass, in all the harmonious
confusion of high mass; and not content with that, he rang the bell for vespers,
without sparing me a single petition or so much as a bar of the magnificat. Though the
scoundrel almost cracked the drum of my ear, I could not help laughing heartily; and
even egged him on to make the welkin reverberate with his hallelujahs, when the
anthem was suspended a few rests, for the necessary purpose of supplying wind to the
organ. Courage, my friend! said I; go on and prosper. If heaven has given you a good
capacious throat, you are neither a niggard nor a perverter of its precious boon. Oh!
certainly not for the matter of that, cried he; happily for my immortal soul, I am not
like carriers in general, who sing nothing but profane songs about love or drinking: I
do not even defile my lips with ballads on our wars against the Moors: such subjects
are at least light and unedifying, if not licentious and impure. You have, replied I, an
evangelical purity of heart which belongs only to the elect among muleteers. With this
excessive squeamishness of yours about the choice of your music, have you also taken
a vow of continence, wherever there is a young bar- maid to be picked up at an inn?
Assuredly, rejoined he, chastity is also a virtue by which it is my pride to ward off the
temptations of the road, where my only business is to look after my mules. I was in no
small degree astonished at such pious sentiments from this prodigy of psalm-singing
mule-drivers; so that looking upon him as a man above the vanities and corruptions of
this nether world, I fell into chat with him after he had gone the length of his tether in
singing.

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We got to Ilescas late in the day. On entering the inn-yard, I left the care of the
mules to my companion, and went into the kitchen, where I ordered the landlord to get
us a good supper, which he promised to perform so much to my satisfaction, as to
make me remember all the days of my life what usage travellers meet with at his
house As, added he, now only ask your carrier what sort of a man I am. By all the
powers of seasoning! I would defy the best cook in Madrid or Toledo to make an olio
at all to be compared to mine. I shall treat you this evening with some stewed rabbit
after a receipt of my own; you will then see whether it is any boast to say that I know
how to send up a supper. Thereupon, shewing me a stew-pan with a young rabbit, as
he said, cut up into pieces: There, continued he, is what I mean to favour you with.
When I shall have thrown in a little pepper, some salt, wine, a handful of sweet herbs,
and a few other ingredients which I keep for my own sauces, you may depend on
sitting down to such a dish as would not disgrace the table of a chancellor or an
archbishop.
The landlord, having thus done justice to his own merits, began to work upon
the materials he had prepared. While he was labouring in his vocation, I went into a
room, where lying down on a sort of couch, I fell fast asleep through fatigue, having
taken no rest the night before, in the space of about two hours, the muleteer came and
awakened me, with the information that supper was ready, and a pressing request to
take my place at table. The cloth was laid for two, and we sat down to the hashed
rabbit. I played my knife and fork most manfully, finding the flavour delicious,
whether from the force of hunger in communicating a candid mode of interpretation to
my palate, or from the natural effect of the ingredients compounded by the cook. A
joint of roast mutton was next served up. It was remarkable that the carrier only paid
his respects to this last article; and I asked him why he had not taken his share of the
other. He answered with a suppressed smile, that he was not fond of made dishes.
This reason, or rather the turn of countenance with which it was alleged, seemed to
imply more than was expressed. You have not told me, said I, the real meaning of
your not eating the fricassee: do have the goodness to explain it at once. Since you are
so curious to be made acquainted with it, replied he, I must own that I have an
insuperable aversion to cramming my stomach with meats in masquerade, since one
evening at an inn on the road between Toledo and Cuença, they served me up, instead
of a wild rabbit, a hash of tame cat; enough, of all conscience, ever after to set my
intestines in battle-array against all minces, stews, and force-meats.
No sooner had the muleteer let me into this secret, than in spite of the hunger
which raged within me, my appetite left me completely in the lurch. I conceived, in all
the horrors of extreme loathing, that I had been eating a cat dressed up as the double
of a rabbit; and the fricassee had no longer any power over my senses, except by
producing a strong inclination to retch. My companion did not lessen my tendency
that way, by telling me that the inn-keepers in Spain, as well as the pastry- cooks,
were very much in the habit of making that substitution. The drift of the conversation
was, as you may perceive, very much in the nature of a lenitive to my stomach; so
much so, that I had no mind to meddle any more with the dish of undefinables, nor
even to make an attack upon the roast meat, for fear the mutton should have
performed its duty by deputy as well as the rabbit. I jumped up from table, cursing the
cookery, the cook, and the whole establishment; then, throwing myself down upon the
sofa, I passed the night with less nausea than might reasonably have been expected.
The day following with the dawn, after having paid the reckoning with as princely an
air as if we had been treated like princes, away went I from Ilescas, bearing my

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faculties so strongly impregnated with fricassee, that I took every animal which
crossed the road, of whatever species or dimensions, for a cat.
We got to Madrid betimes, where I had no sooner settled with my carrier than
I hired a ready-furnished lodging near the Sun-gate. My eyes, though accustomed to
the great world, were nevertheless dazzled by the concourse of nobility which was
ordinarily seen in the quarter of the court. I admired the prodigious number of
carriages, and the countless list of gentlemen, pages, gentlemen's gentlemen, and
plain, downright footmen in the train of the grandees. My admiration exceeded all
bounds, on going to the king's levee, and beholding the monarch in the midst of his
court. The effect of the scene was enchanting, and I said to myself, It is no wonder
they should say that one must see the court of Madrid to form an adequate idea of its
magnificence: I am delighted to have directed my course hither, and feel a sort of
prescience within me that I shall not come away without taking fortune by surprise. I
caught nothing napping, however, but my own prudence, in making some thriftless,
expensive acquaintance. My money oozed away in the rapid thaw of my propriety and
better judgment, so that it became a measure of expedient degradation to throw away
my transcendent merit on a pedagogue of Salamanca, whom some family lawsuit or
other concern had brought to Madrid, where he was born, and where chance, more
whimsical than wise, thrust me within the horizon of his knowledge. I became his
right hand, his prime principal agent; and dogged him at the heels to the university
when he returned thither.
My new employer went by the name of Don Ignacio de Ipigna. He furnished
himself with the handle of don, inasmuch as he had been tutor to a nobleman of the
first rank, who had recompensed his early services with an annuity for life: he
likewise derived a snug little salary from his professorship in the university; and in
addition to all this, laid the public under a yearly contribution of two or three hundred
pistoles for books of uninstructive morality, which he protruded from the press
periodically by weight and measure. The manner in which he worked up the shreds
and patches of his composition de serves a notice somewhat more than cursory. The
heavy hours of the forenoon were spent in muzzing over Hebrew, Greek, and Latin
authors, and in writing down upon little squares of card every pithy sentence or
striking thought which occurred in the morning's reading. According to the progress
of this literary Pam, in winning tricks from the ancients, he employed me to score up
his honours in the form of an Apollo's wreath: these metaphysical garlands were
strung upon wire, and each garland made a pocket volume. What an execrable hash of
wholesome viands did we cook up! The commandments set at loggerheads with an
utter confusion of tables; Epicurean conclusions grafted on stoical premises! Tully
quoting Epictetus, and Seneca supporting his antitheses on the authority of monkish
rhyme! Scarcely a month elapsed without our putting forth at least two volumes, so
that the press was kept continually groaning under the weight of our transgressions.
What seemed most extraordinary of all, was that these literary larcenies were palmed
upon the purchasers for spick and span new wares, and if, by any strange and
improbable chance, a thick- headed critic should stumble with his noddle smack
against some palpable plagiarism, the author would plead guilty to the indictment, and
make a merit of serving up at second-hand
What Gellius or Stobaeus hash'd before, Though chewed by blind old
scholiasts o'er and o'er.
He was also a great commentator; and filled his notes chuck full of so much
erudition, as to multiply whole pages of discussion upon what homely common-sense
would have consigned to the brief alternative of a query:

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Disputes of Me or Te, or Aut at At, To sound or sink in cano O or A, Or give

up Cicero to C or K.
As almost every author, ethical and didactic, from Hesiod down to himself,
took his turn to dangle on some one or other of our manuscript garlands, it was
impossible for me not to suck in somewhat of sage nurture from so copious a stream
of philosophy: it would be rank ingratitude to shift off my obligation. My hand-
writing also became strictly and decidedly legible, by dint of continual transcription;
my estate was more that of a pupil than of a servant, and my morals were not
neglected, while my mind was polished, and my faculties raised above their former
level. Scipio, he used to say, when he chanced to hear of any serving lad with more
cunning than honesty in his dealings, beware, my good boy, how you take after the
evil example of that graceless villain. "The honour of a servant is his fidelity; his
highest virtues are submission and obedience. Be studious of thy master's interests, be
diligent in his affairs, and faithful to the trust which he reposeth in thee. Thy time and
thy labour belong unto him. Defraud him not thereof; for he payeth thee for them." To
sum up all, Don Ignacio lost no opportunity of leading me on in the path of virtue, and
his prudent counsels sank so deep into my heart, as to keep under anything like even
the slightest wish of playing him a rogue's trick during the fifteen months which I
spent in his service.
I have already mentioned that Doctor de Ipigna was a native of Madrid. He
had a relation there, by name Catalina, waiting-maid to the lady who officiated as
nurse to the heir-apparent. This abigail, the same through whose intervention I got
Signor de Santillane released from the tower of Segovia, intent on rendering a service
to Don Ignacio, prevailed with her mistress to petition the Duke of Lerma for some
preferment. The minister named him for the archdeaconry of Grenada, which, as a
conquered country, is in the king's gift. We repaired immediately to Madrid on
receiving the intelligence, as the doctor wished to thank his patronesses before he took
possession of his benefice. I had more than one opportunity of seeing Catalina, and
conversing with her. The cheerful turn of my temper and a certain easy air of good
company were altogether to her taste; for my part, I found her so much to my liking,
that I could not help saying yes to the little advances of partiality which she made in
my favour: in short, we got to feel very kindly towards each other. You must not write
a comment with your nails, my dear Beatrice, on this episode in the romance of my
amours, because I was firmly persuaded of your inconstancy, and you will allow that
heresy, though impious, being also blind, my penance may reasonably be remitted on
sincere conversion.
In the mean time Doctor Ignacio was making ready to set out for Grenada. His
relation and myself, out of our wits at the impending separation, had recourse to an
expedient which rescued us from its horrors: I shammed illness, complained of my
head, complained of my chest, and made a characteristic wry face for every pain and
ache in the catalogue of human infirmities. My master called in a physician, who told
me with a grave face, after putting his questions in the usual course, that my
complaint was of a much more serious nature than might appear to unprofessional
observation, and that, according to all present likelihood, I should keep my chamber a
long time. The doctor, impatient to take possession of his preferment, did not think it
quite so well to delay his departure, but chose rather to hire another boy; he therefore
contented himself with handing me over to the care of a nurse, with whom he left a
sum of money to bury me if I should die, or to remunerate me for my services if I
should recover. As soon as I knew Don Ignacio to be safe on the road for Grenada, I
was cured of all my maladies. I got up, made my final bow to the physician who had

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evinced so thorough a knowledge of my ease, and fairly turned my nurse out of doors,
who made her retreat good with baggage and ammunition, to the amount of more than
half the sum for which she ought to have accounted with me. While I was enacting the
sick man, Catalina was playing another part about the person of her mistress, Donna
Anna de Guévra, into whose conception having by dint of many a wordy process
inserted the notion, that I was the man of all others ready cut and dry for an intrigue,
she induced her to choose me for one of her agents. The royal and most catholic
nurse, whose genius for great undertakings was either produced or exasperated by the
love of great possessions, having occasion for suitable ministers, received me among
her hangers-on, and lost no opportunity of ascertaining how far I was for her purpose.
She confided some commissions to my ear; which, vanity apart, called for no little
address, and what they called for was ready at hand: accordingly, she gave me all
possible credit for the diligent execution of my office, while my discontent swelled
high against her for fobbing me off with the cold recompense of approbation. The
good lady was so abominably avaricious, as not to give me a working partner's share
in the profits of my industry, nor to allow for the wear and tear of my conscience. She
seemed inclined to consider, that by paying me my wages, all the requisitions of
Christian charity were made good between us. This excess of illiberal economy would
soon have parted us, had it not been for the fascination of Catalina's gentle virtues,
who became more desperately in love with me from day to day, and completed the
paroxysm by a formal proposal of marriage.
Fair and softly, my pretty friend, said I: we must look before we leap into that
bottomless gulf: the first point to be settled is to ascertain the death of a young
woman, who obtained the refusal before you, and made me supremely happy, for no
other purpose but to anticipate the purgatory of an intermediate state in the present.
All a mere sham, a put off! answered Catalina: you swear you are married only by
way of throwing a genteel veil over your abhorrence of my person and manners. In
vain did I call all the powers to witness, that what I said was solemnly true: my
sincere avowal was considered as a mere copy of my countenance; the lady was
grievously offended, and changed her whole behaviour in regard to me. There was no
downright quarrel; but our tender intercourse became visibly more rigid and
unaccommodating, so that nothing further took place between us but cold formality
and common-place attentions.
Just at the nick of time, I heard that Signor Gil Blas de Santillane, secretary to
the prime minister of the Spanish monarchy, wanted a servant; and the situation was
the more flattering, as it bore the bell among all the vacancies of the court register
office. Signor de Santillane, they told me, was one of the first men, high in favour
with the Duke of Lerma, and consequently in the direct road to fortune: his heart, too,
was cast in the mould of generosity: by doing his business, you most assuredly did
your own. The opportunity was too good to be neglected I went and offered myself to
Signor Gil Blas, to whom I felt my heart grow from the first; for my sentiments were
fixed by the turn of his physiognomy. There could be no question about leaving the
royal and most catholic nurse for him; and it is to be hoped, I shall never have any
other master.
Here ended Scipio's story. But he continued speaking, and addressed himself
to me. Signor de Santillane, do me the favour to assure those ladies that you have
always known me for a faithful and zealous servant. Your testimony will stand me in
good stead, and vouch for a sincere reformation in the son of Coselina.
Yes, ladies, said I, it is even so. Though Scipio in his childhood was a very
scape-grace, he has been born anew, and is now the exact model of a trusty domestic.

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Far from having any complaints to make against him, my debt is infinite. On the fatal
night when I was earned off to the tower of Segovia, he saved my effects from pillage,
and refunded what he might have taken to himself with impunity: not contented with
rescuing my worldly pelf, he came out of pure friendship and shut himself up with me
in my prison, preferring the melancholy sympathies of adverse fortune to all the
charms of lusty, buoyant liberty.

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BOOK THE ELEVENTH.

CH. I. -- Containing the subject of the greatest joy that Gil Blas ever felt,
followed up, as our greatest pleasures too generally are, by the most melancholy
event of his life. Great changes at court, producing, among other important
revolutions, the return of Santillane.
I HAVE observed already that Antonia and Beatrice understood one another
perfectly well; the latter falling meekly and modestly into the trammels of an humble
attendant on her lady, and the former taking very kindly to the rank of a mistress and
superior. Scipio and myself were husbands too rich in nature's gifts and in the
affections of our spouses, not very soon to have the satisfaction of becoming fathers:
our lasses were as women wish to be who love their lords, almost at the same
moment. Beatrice's time was up first: she was safely delivered of a daughter; and in a
few days afterwards Antonia completed the general joy, by presenting me with a son.
I sent my secretary to Valencia with the welcome tidings: the governor came to Lirias
with Seraphina and the Marchioness de Pliego, to be present at the baptismal
ceremony; for he made it his pleasure to add this testimony of affection to all his
former kindnesses. As that nobleman stood godfather, and the Marchioness
godmother to my son, he was named Alphonse; and the governor's lady, wishing to
draw the bonds of sponsorship still closer in this friendly party, stood for Scipio's
daughter, to whom we gave the name of Seraphina.
The rejoicings at the birth of my son were not confined to the mansion-house;
the villagers of Lirias celebrated the event by festivities, which were meant as a
grateful token, to prove how much the little neighbourhood partook in all the
satisfactions of their landlord. But, alas! our carousals were of short continuance; or,
to speak more suitably to the subject, they were turned into weeping, wailing, and
lamentation, by a catastrophe which more than twenty years have not been sufficient
to blot from my memory, nor will future time, however distant, make me think of it
but with the bitterest retrospect. My son died; and his mother, though perfectly
recovered from her confinement, very soon followed him: a violent fever carried off
my dear wife, after we had been married fourteen months. Let the reader conceive, if
he is equal to the task, the grief with which I was overwhelmed: I fell into a stupid
insensibility; and felt my loss so severely, as to seem not to feel it at all. I remained in
this condition for five or six days, in an obstinate determination to take no
nourishment; and I verily believe that, had it not been for Scipio, I should either have
starved myself, or my heart would have burst; but my secretary, well knowing how to
accommodate himself to the turnings and windings of the human heart, contrived to
cheat my sorrows by fitting in with their tone and tenor: he was artful enough to
reconcile me to the duty of taking food, by serving up soups and lighter fare with so
disconsolate an arrangement of features that it looked as if he urged me to the
revolting employment, not so much to preserve my life, as to perpetuate and render
immortal my affliction.
This affectionate servant wrote to Don Alphonso, to let him know of the
misfortune which had happened to me, and my lamentable condition in consequence.
That tender-hearted and compassionate nobleman, that generous friend, very soon
repaired to Lirias. I cannot recall the moment when he first presented himself to my
view without even now being sensibly affected. My dear Santillane, said he,
embracing me, I am not come to offer you impertinent consolation; but to weep over
Antonia with you, as you would have wept with me over Seraphina, had the hand of

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death snatched her from me. In good truth, his tears bore testimony to his sincerity,
and his sighs were blended with mine in the most friendly sympathy. Though
overwhelmed with my affliction, I felt in the most lively manner the kindness of Don
Alphonso.
The governor had a long conversation with Scipio respecting the measures to
be taken for overcoming my despair. They judged it best to remove me for some time
from Lirias, where every object incessantly brought back to my mind the image of
Antonia. On this account the son of Don Caesar proposed carrying me back with him
to Valencia; and my secretary seconded the plan with so many unanswerable
arguments, that I made no further opposition. I left Scipio and his wife on my estate,
where my longer stay could have produced no other effect but that of aggravating and
enhancing all my sorrows, and took my own departure with the governor. On my
arrival at Valencia, Don Caesar and his daughter-in-law spared no exertions to divert
my sorrows from perpetual brooding; they plied me alternately with every sort of
amusement, the most proper to turn the current of my thoughts to passing objects; but,
in spite of all their pains, I remained plunged in melancholy, whence they were
incompetent to draw me out. Nor was it for want of Scipio's kind attentions that my
peace of mind was still so hopeless: he was continually going back and fore between
Lirias and Valencia to inquire after me; and his journey home was cheerful or gloomy,
in proportion as he found more or less disposition in me to listen to the words of
comfort, and to reward the affectionate solicitude of my friends.
He came one morning into my room. Sir, said he, with a great deal of agitation
in his manner, a report is current about town, in which the whole monarchy is deeply
interested it is said that Philip the Third has departed this life, and that the prince, his
son, is actually seated on the throne. To this it is added, that the cardinal Duke of
Lerma has lost the premiership, that he is even forbidden to appear at court, and that
Don Gaspard de Guzman, Count of Olivarez, is actually at the head of the
administration. I felt a little agitated by this sudden change, without knowing why.
Scipio caught at this manifestation, and asked whether the veering of the wind in the
political horizon might not blow me some good. How is that possible? What good can
it blow me, my worthy friend? answered I. The court and I have shaken hands once
for all: the revolutions which may take place there are all alike indifferent to me.
For a man at your time of life, replied that cunning son of a diviner, you are
uncommonly mortified to all the uses of this world. Under your circumstances my
curiosity would be all alive; I should go to Madrid and show my face to the young
monarch, just to see whether he would recollect it, merely for the amusement of the
thing. I understand you, said I; you would have me return to court and try my fortune
again, or rather you would plunge me back into the gulf of avarice and ambition. Why
should such baleful passions any more take possession of your breast? rejoined
Scipio. Do not so much play the calumniator on your own virtue. I will answer for
your firmness to yourself. The sound moral reflections which your disgrace has
occasioned you to make on the vanities of a court life, are a sufficient security against
all the dangers to be feared from that quarter. Embark boldly once again upon an
ocean where are acquainted with every shoal and rock in the dangerous navigation.
Hold your tongue, you flatterer, said I, with a smile of no very positive
discouragement; are you weary of seeing me lead a retired and tranquil life? I thought
my repose had been more dear to you.
Just at this period of our conversation, Don Caesar and his son came in. They
confirmed the news of the king's death, as well as the Duke of Lerma's misfortune. It
appeared, moreover, that this minister, having requested permission to retire to Rome,

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had not been able to obtain it, but was ordered to confine himself to his marquisate at
Denia. On this, as if they had been in league with my secretary, they advised me to go
to Madrid and offer my congratulations to the new king, as one of his former
acquaintances, with the merit of having rendered him even such services, as the great
are apt to reward more willingly than some which are performed with cleaner hands.
For my part, said Don Alphonso, I have no doubt but they will be liberally
acknowledged. Philip the Fourth is bound in honour to pay the Prince of Spain's debts.
I consider the affair just in the same light as you do, said Don Caesar; and Santillane's
visit to court will doubtless prove the occasion of his arriving at the very first
employments.
In good truth, my noble friends, exclaimed I, you do not consider what you are
talking about. It should seem, were one to give ear to the soothing words of you both,
as if I had nothing to do but to shew my face at Madrid, and receive the key of office,
or some foreign government for my pains; but you are egregiously mistaken. I am, on
the contrary, well persuaded that the king would pass me over as a stranger, were I to
throw myself in his way. I will make the experiment if you wish it, merely for the
sake of undeceiving you. The lords of Leyva took me at my word, so that I could not
help promising them to set out without loss of time for Madrid. No sooner did my
secretary perceive my mind fully made up to the prosecution of this journey, than his
ecstasies were wound up to the highest pitch: he was satisfied within himself that if I
did but present my excellent person before the new monarch, he would immediately
single me out from the crowd of political candidates, and weigh me down under a
load of dignities and emoluments. On the strength of these conjectures, puffing
himself out and amusing his fancy with the most splendid extravagances of device, he
raised me up to the first offices of the state, and pushed forward his own preferment in
the path of my exaltation.
I therefore made my arrangements for returning to court, without the most
distant intention of again sacrificing at the shrine of fortune, but merely to convince
Don Caesar and his son of their error, in imagining that I was at all likely to ingratiate
myself with the sovereign. It is true that there was some little lurking vanity at the
bottom of all my philosophy, sprouting up in the shape of a desire to ascertain
whether my royal master would throw away a thought on me, now in the spring time
of his new and blushing honours. Led out of that course solely by that tempter,
curiosity, without a dream of hope, or any practical contrivance for tuning the new
reign to my own individual advantage, I set out for Madrid with Scipio, consigning
the management of my household to Beatrice, who was well skilled in all the arts of
domestic economy.

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CH. II. -- Gil Blas arrives in Madrid, and makes his appearance at court: the
king is blessed with a better memory than most of his courtiers, and recommends
him to the notice of his prime minister. Consequences of that recommendation.
WE got to Madrid in less than eight days, Don Alphonso having given us two
of his best horses, that we might lose no time on the road. We alighted at a ready-
furnished lodging, where I had lived formerly, kept by Vincent Ferrero, my old
landlord, who was uncommonly glad to see me again.
As this man prided himself on being in the secret of whatever was going
forward either in court or city, I asked him after the best news. There is plenty of it,
whether best or worst, answered he. Since the death of Philip the Third, the friends
and partisans of the Cardinal Duke of Lerma have been moving heaven and earth to
support his Eminence on the pinnacle of ministerial authority, but their efforts have
been ineffectual: the Count of Olivarez has carried the day, in spite of all their
industry. It is alleged that Spain will be no loser by the exchange, and that the present
premier is possessed of a genius so extensive, a mind so capacious, that he would be
competent to wield the machine of universal government. New brooms, they say,
sweep clean! But, at all events, you may take this for certain, that the public is fully
impressed with a very favourable opinion of his capacity: we shall see by and by
whether the Duke of Lerma's situation is well or ill filled up. Ferrero, having got his
tongue into the right train for wagging, gave me all the particulars of all the changes
which had taken place at court since the Count of Olivarez had taken his seat at the
helm of the state vessel.
Two days after my arrival at Madrid, I repaired to the royal palace after my
dinner, and threw myself in the king's way as he was crossing the lobby to his closet;
but his notice was not at all attracted by my appearance. Next day, I returned to the
same place, but with no better success. On the third day he looked me full in the face
as he passed by, but the stare was perfectly vacant, as far as my interest or my vanity
was concerned. This being the case, I resolved in my own mind what was proper to be
done: You see, said I to Scipio, who accompanied me, that the king is grown out of
my recollection; or if his memory is not become more frail with the elevation of his
circumstances, he has some private reasons for not choosing to renew the
acquaintance. I think we cannot do better than make our way back as fast as possible
for Valencia. Let us not be in too great a hurry for that, sir, answered my secretary:
you know better than myself, having served a long apprenticeship, that there is no
getting on at court without patience and perseverance. Be indefatigable in exhibiting
your person to the prince's regards: by dint of forcing yourself on his observation, you
will oblige him to ask himself the question who this assiduous frequenter of his haunts
can possibly be, when memory must come to his aid, and trace the features of his
cheapener in the purchase of the lovely Catalina's good graces.
That Scipio might have nothing to reproach me with, I so far lent myself to his
wishes as to continue the same proceeding for the space of three weeks; when at
length it happened one day that the monarch, noticing the frequency of my
appearance, sent for me into his presence. I went into the closet, not without some
perturbation of mind at the idea of a private interview with my sovereign. Who are
you? said he: your features are not altogether strange to me. Where have I seen you?
Please your majesty, answered I trembling, I had the honour of escorting you one
night with the Count of Lemos to the house of . . . . Ah! I recollect it perfectly, cried
the prince, as if a sudden light had broke in upon him: you were the Duke of Lerma's
secretary; and if I am not mistaken, your name is Santillane. I have not forgotten that

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on the occasion alluded to you served me with a most commendable zeal, but received
a left-handed recompense for your exertions. Did you not get into prison at the
conclusion of the adventure? Yes, please your majesty, replied I: my confinement in
the tower of Segovia lasted six months; but your goodness was exercised in procuring
my release. That, replied he, does not cancel my debt to my faithful servant
Santillane: it is not enough to have restored him to liberty, for I ought to make him
ample amends for the evils which he has suffered on the score of his alacrity in my
concerns.
Just as the prince was uttering these words, the Count of Olivarez came into
the closet. The nerves of favourites are shaken by every breath, their irritability
excited by every trifle: he was as much astonished as any favourite need be at the
sight of a stranger in that place, and the king redoubled his wondering propensities by
the following recommendation -- Count, I consign this young man to your care,
employ him, and let me find that you provide for his advancement. The minister
affected to receive this order with the most gracious acquiescence, but looked me over
from head to foot, with a glance from the corner of his eye, and was on tenter-hooks
to find out who had been so strangely saddled upon him. Go, my friend, added the
sovereign, addressing himself to me, and waving his hand for me to withdraw; the
count will not fail to avail himself of your services in a manner the most conducive to
the interests of my government, and the establishment of your own fortunes.
I immediately went out of the closet and made the best of my way to the son of
Coselina, who, being overrun with impatience to inquire what the king had been
talking about, fumbled at his fingers' ends, and was all over in an agitation. His first
question was, whether we were to return to Valencia or become a part of the court.
You shall form your own conclusions, answered I; at the same time delighting him
with an account word for word of the little conversation I had just held with the
monarch. My dear master, said Scipio at once in the excess of his joy, will you take
me for your almanac-maker another time? You must acknowledge that we were not in
the wrong! the lords of Leyva and myself have our eye-teeth about us! a journey to
Madrid was the only measure to be adopted in such a case. Already I anticipate your
appointment to an eminent post: you will turn out to be some time or other a
Calderona to the Count of Olivarez. That is by no means the object of my ambition,
observed I in return; the employment is placed on too rugged an eminence to excite
any longings in my mind. I could wish for a good situation where there could be no
inducement to do what might go against my conscience, and where the favours of my
prince are not likely to be bartered away for filthy lucre. Having experienced my own
unfitness for the possession of patronage, I cannot be sufficiently on my guard against
the inroads of avarice and ambition. Never think about that, sir! replied my secretary,
the minister will give you some handsome appointment, which you may fill without
any impeachment of your integrity or independence.
Induced more by Scipio's importunity than my own curiosity, I repaired the
following day before sunrise to the residence of the Count d'Olivarez, having been
informed that every morning, whether in summer or winter, he gave audience by
candlelight to all comers. I ensconced myself modestly in a corner of the saloon, and
from my lurking-place took especial notice of the count when he made his
appearance; for I had marked his person but cursorily in the king's closet. He was
above the middle stature, and might pass for fat in a country where it is a rarity to see
any but lean subjects. His shoulders were so high, as to look exactly as if he was
hump-backed, but appearances were slanderous; for his blade-bones, though
inelegant, were a pair; his head, which was large enough to he capacious, dropped

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down upon his chest by the unwieldiness of its own weight; his hair was black and
unconscious of a curl, his face lengthened, his complexion olive-coloured, his mouth
retiring inwards, with the sharp-pointed, turn-up chin of a pantaloon.
This whole arrangement of structure and symmetry did not exactly make up
the complete model of a nobleman according to the ideas of ancient art; nevertheless,
as I believed him to be in a temper of mind favourable to the gratification of my
wishes, I looked at his defects with an indulgent eye, and found him a man very much
to my satisfaction. One of the best points about him was, that he received the public at
large with the utmost affability and complacency, holding out his hand for petitions
with as much good humour as if he were the person to be obliged, and this was a
sufficient set-off against anything untoward in the expression of his countenance. In
the mean time, when in my turn I came forward to pay my respects and make myself
known to him, he darted at me a glance of rude dislike and frightful menace; then
turning his back, without condescending to give me audience, retired into his closet.
Then it was that the ugliness of this nobleman's features appeared in all the
extravagance of caricature: so that I made the best of my way out of the saloon,
thunder-struck at so savage a reception, and quite at a loss how to conjecture what
might be the consequence.
Having got back to Scipio, who was waiting for me at the door -- Can you
guess at all, said I, what sort of a greeting mine was? No, answered he, not as to the
minute particulars; but with respect to the substance, easily enough: the minister,
ready upon all occasions to fall in with the fancies of his royal master, must of course
have made you a handsome offer of an ostensible and lucrative situation. That is all
you know about the matter, replied I; and then went on to acquaint him
circumstantially with all that passed. He listened to me with serious attention, and
then said -- The count could not have recollected your person; or rather, he must have
been deceived by a fortuitous resemblance between you and some impertinent suitor. I
would advise you to try another interview; I will lay a wager he will look on you more
kindly. I adopted my secretary's suggestion, and stood for a second time in the
presence of the minister; but he, behaving to me still worse than at first, puckered up
his features the moment my unlucky countenance came within his ken, just as if it was
connected with some lodged hate and certain loathing, which of force swayed him to
offend, himself being offended; after this significant demonstration, he turned away
his glaring eyeballs, and withdrew without uttering a word.
I was stung to the quick by so hostile a treatment, and in a humour to set out
immediately on my return to Valencia; but to that project Scipio uniformly opposed
his steady objections, not knowing how for the life of him to part with those flattering
hopes which fancy had engendered in his brain. Do you not see plainly, said I, that the
count wishes to drive me away from court? The monarch has testified in his presence
some sort of favourable intention towards me, and is not that enough to draw down
upon me the thorough hatred of the monarch's favourite? Let us drive before the wind,
my good comrade; let us make up our minds to put quietly into port, and leave the
open sea and the honours of the flag in the possession of an enemy with whom we are
too feeble to contend. Sir, answered he, in high resentment against the Count of
Olivarez, I would not strike so easily. I would go and complain to the king of the
contempt in which his minister held his recommendation. Bad advice, indeed, my
friend, said I; to take so imprudent a step as that, would soon bring bitter repentance
in the train of its consequences. I do not even know whether it is safe for me to remain
any longer in this town.

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At this hint, my secretary communed a little with his own thoughts; and,
considering that in point of fact we had to do with a man who kept the key of the
tower of Segovia in his pocket, my fears became naturalized in his breast. He no
longer opposed my earnest desire of leaving Madrid, and I determined to take my
measures accordingly on the very next day.

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CH. III. -- The project of retirement is prevented, and Joseph Navarro brought
upon the stage again, by an act of signal service.
ON my way home to my lodgings I met Joseph Navarro, whom the render will
recollect as on the establishment of Don Balthasar de Zuniga, and one of my old
friends. I made my bow first at a distance, then went up to him, and asked whether he
knew me again, and if he would still be so good as to speak to a wretch who had
repaid his friendship with ingratitude. You acknowledge then, said he, that you have
not behaved very handsomely by me? Yes, answered I; and you are fully justified in
laying on your reproaches thick and threefold: I deserve them all, unless indeed my
guilt may be thought to have been atoned by the remorse of conscience attendant on
it. Since you have repented of your misconduct, replied Navarro, embracing me, I
ought no longer to hold it its remembrance. For my part, I knew not how to hug
Joseph close enough in my arms; and we both of us resumed our original kind feelings
towards one another.
He had heard of my imprisonment and the derangement of my affairs; but of
what followed he was totally ignorant I informed him of it; relating word for word my
conversation with the king, without suppressing the minister's late ungracious
reception of me, any more than my present purpose of retiring into my favourite
obscurity. Beware of removing from the scene of action, said he: since the sovereign
has shown a disposition to befriend you, there are always uses to be made of such a
circumstance. Between ourselves, the Count of Olivarez has something rather
unaccountable in his character: he is a very good sort of nobleman, but rather
whimsical withal: sometimes, as on the present occasion, he acts in a most offensive
manner, and none but himself can furnish a clue to disentangle the intricate thread of
his motives and their results. But however this may be, or whatever reasons might
have swayed him to give you so scurvy a reception, keep your footing here, and do
not budge; he will not be able to hinder you from thriving under the royal shelter and
protection; take my word for that! I will just give a hint upon the subject this evening
to Signor Don Balthasar de Zuniga, my master; he is uncle to the Count of Olivarez,
and shares with him in the toils and cares of office. Navarro having given me this
assurance, inquired where I lived, and then we parted.
It was not long before we met again; for he came to call on me the very next
day. Signor de Santillane, said he, you are not without a protector; my master will
lend you his powerful support: on the strength of the good character which I have
given your lordship, he has promised to speak to his nephew, the Count of Olivarez,
in your behalf; and I doubt not but he will effectually prepossess him in your favour.
My friend Navarro not meaning to serve me by halves, introduced me two days
afterwards to Don Balthasar, who said with a gracious air: Signor de Santillane, your
friend Joseph has pronounced your panegyric in terms which have won me over
completely to your interest. I made a low obeisance to Signor de Zuniga, and
answered, that to the latest period of my life I should entertain the most lively sense of
my obligation to Navarro, for having secured to me the protection of a minister, who
was considered, and that for the best reasons possible, as the presiding genius, the
greater luminary, or, as it were, the eye and mind of the ministerial council. Don
Balthasar, at this unexpected stroke of flattery, clapped me on the shoulder with an
approving chuckle, and returned my compliment by a more significant intimation:
You may call on the Count of Olivarez again to-morrow, and then you will have more
reason to be pleased with him.

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For the third time, therefore, did I make my appearance before the prime
minister, who, picking me out from among the mob of suitors, cast upon me a look
conveying with it a simper of welcome, from which I ventured to draw a good omen.
This is all as it should be, said I to myself; the uncle has brought the nephew to his
proper bearings. I no longer anticipated any other than a favourable reception, and my
confidence was fully justified. The count, after having given audience to the
promiscuous crowd, took me with him into his closet, and said with a familiar
address: My friend Santillane, you must excuse the little disquietude I have
occasioned you merely for my own amusement; it was done in sport, though it was
death to you, for the sole purpose of practising on your discretion, and observing to
what measures your disgust and disappointment would incite you. Doubtless you must
have concluded that your services were displeasing to me; but on the contrary, my
good fellow, I must confess frankly, that, as far as appears at present, you are
perfectly to my mind. Though the king my master had not enjoined me to take charge
of your fortunes, I should have done so of my own free choice. Besides, my uncle,
Don Balthasar de Zuniga, to whom I can refuse nothing, has requested me to consider
you as a man for whom he particularly interests himself: that alone would be enough
to fix my confidence in you, and make me most sincerely your friend.
This outset of my career produced so lively an impression on my feelings, that
they became unintelligibly tumultuous. I threw myself at the minister's feet, who
insisted on my rising immediately, and then went on to the following effect: Return
hither to-day after dinner, and ask for my steward: he will acquaint you with the
orders which I shall have given him. With these words his excellency broke up the
conference to hear mass, according to his constant custom every day after giving
audience: he then attended the king's levee.

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CH. IV. -- Gil Blas ingratiates himself with the Count of Olivarez.
I DID not fail returning after dinner to the prime minister's house, and asking
for his steward, whose name was Don Raymond Caporis. No sooner had I made
myself known, than paying his civilities to me in the most respectful manner, Sir, said
he, follow me if you please: I am to do myself the honour of shewing you the way to
the apartment which is ordered for you in this family. Having spoken thus, he led me
up a narrow staircase to a gallery communicating with five or six rooms, which
composed the second story belonging to one wing of the house, and were furnished
neatly, but without ostentation. You behold, resumed he, the lodging assigned you by
his lordship, where you will always have a table of six persons, kept at his expense.
You will be waited on by his own servants; and there will always be a carriage at your
command. But that is not all: his excellency insisted on it in the most pointed manner,
that you should be treated in every respect with the same attention as if you belonged
to the house of Guzman.
What the devil is the meaning of all this? said I within myself. What
construction ought I to put upon all these honours? Is there not some humorous prank
at the bottom of it? and must it not be more in the way of diversion than anything else,
that the minister is flattering me up with so imposing an establishment! While I was
ruminating in this uncertainty, fluctuating betweea hope and fear, a page came to let
me know that the count was asking for me. I waited instantly on his lordship, who was
quite alone in his closet. Well! Santillane, said he, are you satisfied with your rooms,
and with my orders to Don Raymond? Your excellency's liberality, answered I, seems
out of all proportion with its object; so that I receive it with fear and trembling. Why
so? replied he. Can I be too lavish of distinction to a man whom the king has
committed to my care, and for whose interests he especially commanded me to
provide? No, that is impossible; and I do no more than my duty in placing you on a
footing of respectability and consequence. No longer, therefore, let what I do for you
he a subject of surprise; but rely on it that splendour in the eye of the world, and the
solid advantages of accumulating wealth, are equally with in your grasp, if you do but
attach yourself as faithfully to me as you did to the Duke of Lerma.
But now that we are on the subject of that nobleman, continued he, it is said
that you lived on terms of personal intimacy with him. I have a strong curiosity to lean
the circumstances which led to your first acquaintance, as well as in what department
you acted under him. Do not disguise or gloss over the slightest particular, for I shall
not be satisfied without a full, true, and circumstantial recital. Then it was that I
recollected in what an embarrassing predicament I stood with the Duke of Lerma on a
similar occasion, and by what line of conduct I extricated myself; that same course I
adopted once again with the happiest success; whereby the reader is to understand that
throughout my narrative I softened down the passages likely to give umbrage to my
patron, and glanced with a superficial delicacy over transactions which would have
reflected but little lustre on my own character. I likewise manifested a considerate
tenderness for the Duke of Lerma; though by giving that fallen favourite no quarter, I
should better have consulted the taste of him whom I wished to please. As for Don
Rodrigo de Calderona, there I laid about me with the religious fury of a bishop in a
battle. I brought together, and displayed in the most glaring colours, all the anecdotes
I had been able to pick up respecting his corrupt practices and underhand dealing in
the sale of promotions, military, ecclesiastical, and civil.
What you have told me about Calderona, cried the minister with eagerness,
exactly squares with certain memorials which have been presented to me, containing

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the heads of charges still more seriously affecting his character. He will very soon be
put upon his trial, and if you have any wish to glut your revenge by his ruin, I am of
opinion that the object of your desire is near at hand. I am far from thirsting after his
blood, said I, though had it depended on him, mine might have been shed in the tower
of Segovia, where he was the occasion of my taking lodgings for a pretty long term.
What! inquired his excellency, was it Don Rodrigo who procured you that sudden
journey? this a part of the story of which I was not aware before. Don Balthasar, to
whom Navarro gave a summary of your adventures, told me indeed that the late king
gave orders for your commitment, as a mark of his indignation against you for having
led the Prince of Spain astray, and taken him to a house of suspicious character in the
night: but that is all I know of the matter, and cannot for the life of me conjecture
what part Calderona could possibly have had to play in that tragicomedy. A principal
part, whether on the stage or in real life, answered I that of a jealous lover, taking
vengeance for an injury, sustained in the tenderest point. At the same time I related
minutely all the facts with which the reader is already acquainted, and touched his
risible propensities, difficult as they were of access, so exactly in the right place, that
he could not help wagging his under-hung jaw in a paroxysm of humour-stricken
ecstasy, and laughing till he cried again. Catalina's double cast in the drama delighted
him exceedingly; her sometimes playing the niece and sometimes personating the
grand-daughter seemed to tickle his fancy more than anything; nor was he altogether
inattentive to the appearance which the Duke of Lerma made in this undignified farce
of state. When I had finished my story, the count gave me leave to depart, with an
assurance that on the next day he would not fail to make trial of my talents for
business. I ran immediately to the family hotel of Zuniga, to thank Don Balthazar for
his good offices, and to acquaint my friend Joseph with the favourable dispositions of
the prime minister, and my brilliant prospects in con sequence.

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CH. V. -- The private conversation of Gil Blas with Navarro, and his first
employment in the service of the Count d'Olivarez.
As soon as I got to the ear of Joseph, I told him with much trepidation of
spirits what a world of topics I had to deposit in his private ear, He took me where we
might be alone, when I asked him, after having communicated a key to the whole
transaction up to the present time, what he thought of the business as it stood. I think,
answered he, that you are in a fair way to make an enormous fortune. Everything turns
out according to your wishes: you have made yourself acceptable to the prime
minister; and what must be taken for some thing in the account, I can render you the
same service as my uncle Melchior de la Ronda, when you attached yourself to the
archiepiscopal establishment of Grenada. He spared you the trouble of finding out the
weak side of that prelate and his principal officers, by discovering their different
characters to you; and it is my purpose, after his example, to bring you perfectly
acquainted with the count, his lady countess, and their only daughter, Donna Maria de
Guzman.
The minister's parts are quick, his judgment penetrating, and his talents
altogether calculated for the formation of extensive projects. He affects the credit of
universal genius, on the strength of a showy smattering in general science; so that
there is no subject, in his own opinion, too difficult to be decided on his mere
authority. He sets himself up for a practical lawyer, a complete general, and a
politician of thorough-paced sagacity. Add to all this, that he is so obstinately wedded
to his own opinions, as unchangeably to persevere in the path of his own chalking out,
to the absolute contempt of better advice, for fear of seeming to be influenced by any
good sense or intelligence, but what he would be thought to engross in the resources
of his own mind. Between ourselves, this blot in his character may produce strange
consequences, which it may be well for the monarchy should indulgent heaven for the
defect of human means avert! As for his talents in council, he shines in debate by the
force of natural eloquence; and would write as well as he speaks, if he did not
injudiciously affect a certain dignity of style, which degenerates into affectation,
quaintness, and obscurity. His modes of thinking are peculiar to himself; he is
capricious in conduct, and visionary in design. Here you have the picture of his mind,
the light and shade of his intellectual merits: the qualities of his heart and disposition
remain to be delineated. He is generous and warm in his friendships. It is said that he
is revengeful; but would he be a Spaniard if he were otherwise? In addition to this, he
has been accused of ingratitude, for having driven the Duke of Uzeda and Friar Lewis
Aliaga into banishment, though he owed them, according to common report,
obligations of the most binding nature; and yet even this must not be looked into so
narrowly under his circumstances: there are few breasts capacious enough to afford
house-room for two such opposite inmates as political ambition and gratitude.
Donna Agnes de Zuniga é Velasco, Countess of Olivarez, continued Joseph, is
a lady to whom it is impossible to impute more than one fault, but that is a huge one;
for it consists in making a market, and a market the most exorbitant in its terms, of her
natural influence over the mind of her husband. As for Donna Maria de Guzman, who
beyond all dispute is at this moment the very first match in Spain, she is a lady of
first-rate accomplishments, and absolutely idolized by her father. Regulate your
conduct upon these hints: make your court with art and plausibility to these two
ladies, and let it appear as if you were more devoted to the Count of Olivarez than
ever you were to the Duke of Lerma before your forced excursion to Segovia; you
will become a leading and powerful member of the administration.

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I should advise you, moreover, added he, to see my master, Don Balthasar,
from time to time; for though you have no longer any occasion for his interest to push
you forward, it will not be amiss to waste a little incense upon him. You stand very
high in his good opinion; preserve your footing there, and cultivate his friendship; it
may stand you in some stead on any emergency. I could not help observing, that as
the uncle and nephew were in a certain sort partners in the government of the state,
there might possibly be some little symptom of jealousy between brothers near the
throne. On the contrary, answered he, they are united by the most confidential ties.
Had it not been for Don Balthasar, the Count of Olivarez might probably never have
been prime minister; for you are to know, that after Philip the Third had paid the debt
of nature, all the adherents and partisans belonging to the house of Sandoval made a
great stir, some in favour of the cardinal, and others on his son's behalf; but my
master, a greater adept in court intrigue than any of them, and the count, who is nearly
as great an adept as himself disconcerted all their measures, and took their own so
judiciously for the purpose of stepping into the vacant place, that their rivals had no
chance against them. The Count of Olivarez, being appointed prime minister, divided
the duties with his uncle, Don Balthasar; leaving foreign affairs to him, and taking the
home department to himself; the consequence is, that the bonds of family friendship
are drawn closer between these two noblemen, than if political influence had no share
in their mutual interests: they are perfectly independent in their respective lines of
business, and live together on terms of good understanding which no intrigue can
possibly affect or alter.
Such was the substance of my conversation with Joseph, and the advantage to
be derived from it was my own to make the most of: at all events, it was my duty to
thank Signor de Zuniga for all the influence he had the goodness to exert in my
favour. He assured me with infinite good-breeding that he should avail himself of
every opportunity as it arose to promote my wishes, and that he was very glad his
nephew had behaved so as to meet my ideas, because he meant to refresh his memory
in my behalf, being determined, as he was pleased to say, to place it beyond all
manner of doubt how far he himself participated in all my views, and to make it
evident that, instead of one fast friend, I had two. In terms like these did Don
Balthasar, through mere friendship for Navarro, take the moulding of my fortunes on
himself.
On that same evening did I leave my paltry lodging to take up my abode at the
prime minister's, where I sat down to supper with Scipio in my own suite of
apartments. There were we both waited on by the servants belonging to the household,
who as they stood behind our chairs, while we were affecting the pomp and
circumstance of political elevation, were more likely than not to be laughing in their
sleeves at the pantomime they had been ordered by their manager to play in our
presence. When they had taken away and left us to ourselves, my secretary being no
longer under restraint, gave vent to a thousand wild imaginations which his sprightly
temper and inventive hopes engendered in his fancy. On my part, though by no means
cold or insensible to the brilliant prospects which were opening on my view, I did not
as yet yield in the least degree to the weakness of being thrust aside from the right line
of my philosophy by temporal allurements. So much otherwise, that on going to bed I
fell into a sound sleep, without being haunted in my dreams by those phantoms of
flattering delusion which might have gained admittance with no severe question from
a corruptible door-keeper. The ambitious Scipio, on the contrary, tossed and tumbled
all night in the agitation of restless contrivance. Whenever he dozed a little imp took

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possession of his brain, with a pen behind its ear, working out by all the rules of
arithmetic the bulky sum total of his daughter Seraphina's marriage portion.
No sooner had I got my clothes on the next morning, than a message came
from his lordship. I flew like lightning at the summons, when his excellency said:
Now then, Santillane, suppose you give us a specimen of your talents for business.
You say that the Duke of Lerma used to give you state papers to bring into official
form; and I have one, by way of experiment, on which you shall try your skill. The
subject you will easily comprehend: it turns upon an exposition of public affairs, such
as to throw an artificial light on the first appearance of the new ministry, and to
prejudice the public in its favour. I have already whispered it about by my emissaries,
that every department of the state was completely disorganized, that the talents which
preceded us were no talents at all; and the object at present is to impress both court
and city by a formal declaration with the idea, that our aid is absolutely necessary to
save the monarchy itself from sinking. On this theme you may expatiate till the
populace become lock-jawed with astonishment, and the sober part of the public are
gravely argued out of all prepossession in favour of the discarded party. By way of
contrast, you will talk of the dignus vindice nodus, taking care to translate it into
Spanish; and boast of the measures adopted under the new order of things, to secure
the permanent glory of the king's reign, to give perpetual prosperity to his dominions,
and to confer perfect, unchangeable happiness on his good people.
His lordship, having given out the general subject of my thesis, left me with a
paper containing the heads of charges, whether just or unjust, against the late
administration: and I remember perfectly well, that there were ten articles, whose
lightest word, even of the lightest article, would harrow up the soul of a true Spaniard,
and make his knotted and combined locks to part. That the current of my fancy might
experience no interruption, he shut me into a little closet near his own, where the spirit
of poetry might possess me in all its freedom and in dependence. My best faculties
were called forth, to compose a statement of affairs commensurate with my own
concern in the sweeping of the new brooms. My first object was to lay open the
nakedness and abandonment of the kingdom: the finances in a state of bankruptcy, the
civil list and immediate resources of the crown pawned fifty times over, the navy
unpaid, dismantled, and in mutiny. All this hideous delineation was referred for its
justice and accuracy to the wrong-headedness and stupidity of government at the close
of the last reign, and the doctrine most strongly enforced, that unexampled wisdom
and patriotism only could ward off the fatal consequences. In short, the monarchy
could only be sustained on the shoulders of our political sufficiency and reforming
prudence. The ex-ministry were so cruelly belaboured, that the Duke of Lerma's ruin,
according to the terms of my syllogism, was the salvation of Spain. To own the truth,
though my professions were in the spirit of Christian charity towards that nobleman, I
was not sorry to give him a sly rub in the exercise of my function. Oh man! man! what
a compound of candour- breathing satire and splenetic impartiality art thou!
Towards the conclusion, having finished my frightful portraiture of
overhanging evils, I endeavoured to allay the storm my art had raised by making
futurity as bright as the past had been gloomy. The Count of Olivarez was brought in
at the close, like the tutelary deity of an ancient commonwealth in the crisis of its fate.
I promised more than paganism ever feigned or chivalry fancied in the wildest of its
crusading projects. In a word, I so exactly executed what the new minister meant, that
he seemed not to know his own hints again, when drawn out in my emphatic and
appropriate language. Santillane, said he, do you know that this is more like the
composition one might expect from a secretary of state, than like that of a private

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secretary? I can no longer be surprised that the Duke of Lerma was fond of calling
your talents into action. Your style is concise, and by no means inelegant; but it creeps
rather too much in the level paths of nature. At the same time, pointing out the
passages which did not hit his fancy, he corrected them; and I gathered from the
touches he threw in, that Navarro was right in saying he affected sententious wit, but
mistook for it quaint and stale conceits. Nevertheless, though he preferred the stately,
or rather the grotesque in writing, he suffered two thirds of my performance to stand
without alteration; and by way of proving how entirely he was satisfied, sent me three
hundred pistoles by Don Raymond after dinner.

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CH. VI. The application of the three hundred pistoles, and Scipio's commission
connected with them. Success of the state paper mentioned in the last chapter.
THIS handsome present of the minister furnished Scipio with a new subject of
congratulation, by reason of our second appearance at court. You may remark, said
he, that fortune is preparing a load of aggrandizement to lay on your lordship's
shoulders. Are you still sorry for having turned your back on solitude? May the Count
of Olivarez live for ever! he is a very different sort of a master from his predecessor.
The Duke of Lerma, with all your devotion to his service, left you to live upon suction
for months without a pistole to bless yourself with; and the count has already made
you a present which you could have had no reason to expect but after a course of long
service.
I should very much like, added he, that the lords of Leyva should be witnesses
of your great success, or at least that they should be informed of it. It is high time
indeed, answered I, and I meant to speak with you on that subject. They must
doubtless be impatient to hear of my proceedings, but I waited till my fate was fixed,
and till I could decide for certain whether I should stay at court or not. Now that I am
sure of my destination, you have only to set out for Valencia whenever you please,
and to acquaint those noblemen with my present situation, which I consider as their
doing, since it is evident that, but for them, I should never have resolved on my
journey to Madrid. My dear master, cried the son of Bohemian accident, what joy
shall I communicate by relating what has happened to you! Why am I not already at
the gates of Valencia? But I shall be there forthwith. Don Alphonso's two horses are
ready in the stable. I shall take one of my lord's livery servants with me. Besides that
company is pleasant on the road, you know very well the effect of official parade, in
making impression on the natives of a provincial town.
I could not help laughing at my secretary's foolish vanity; and yet, with vanity
perhaps more than equal to his own, I left him to do as he pleased. Go about your
business, said I, and make the best of your way back; for I have an other commission
to give you. I mean to send you to the Asturias with some money for my mother.
Through neglect I have suffered the time to elapse when I promised to remit her a
hundred pistoles, and pledged you to make the payment in person. Such engagements
ought to be held sacred by a son; and I reproach myself with inaccuracy in the
observance of mine. Sir, answered Scipio, within six weeks I shall bring you an
account of both your commissions; having opened my budget to the lords of Leyva,
looked in at your country-house, and taken a peep at the town of Oviedo, the
recollection of which I cannot admit into my mind, without turning over three-fourths
of the inhabitants, and one-half of the remaining quarter, to the corrective discipline of
that infernal executioner, who is supposed to be kept on foot for the purpose of
castigating sinners. I then counted down one hundred pistoles to that same son of a
wandering mother for my honoured parents' annuity, and another hundred for himself;
meaning that he should perform his long journey without grumbling on my account by
the way.
Some days after his departure his lordship sent our memorial to press; and it
was no sooner published than it became the topic of conversation in every circle
throughout Madrid. The people, enamoured of novelty, took up this well written
statement of their own wretchedness with fond partiality; the derangement and
exhaustion of the finances, painted with a mixture of truth and poetry, excited a strong
feeling of popular indignation against the Duke of Lerma; and if these paper bullets of
the brain, cast in the political armoury of a rival, failed to carry victory with them in

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the opinions of all mankind, they were at all events hailed with triumph by the most
clamorous of our own partisans. As for the magnificent promises which the Count of
Olivarez threw in, and among others that of keeping the machine of state in motion,
by a system of economy, without adding to the public burdens, they were caught at
with avidity by the citizens at large, and considered as pledges of an enlightened and
patriotic policy, so that the whole city resounded with the acclamation of panegyric
and congratulation on the opening of new prospects.
The minister, delighted to have gained his end so easily, which in that
publication had only been to draw popularity upon himself; was now determined to
seize the substance as well as catch at the shadow, by an act of unquestionable credit
with the subject, and high utility to the king's service. For that purpose, he had
recourse to the emperor Galba's contrivance, consisting in a forced regurgitation of ill-
gotten spoils from individuals who had made large fortunes, hell and their own
consciences knew best how, in the superintendence of the royal expenditure. When he
had squeezed these spunges till they were dry again, and had filled the king's coffers
with the drainings, he undertook to render the reform permanent by abolishing all
pensions, not excepting his own, and curtailing the gratuities too frequently bestowed
on favourites out of the prince's privy purse. To succeed in this design, which he
could not carry into effect without changing the face of the government, he charged
me with the composition of a new state paper, furnishing the substance and the form
from his own idea. He then advised me to raise my style as much as possible above
the level of my ordinary simplicity, and to give an air of more eloquence to my
phraseology. A hint is sufficient, my lord, said I; your excellency wishes to unite
sublimity with illumination, and it shall be so I shut myself up in the same closet
where I had already worked so successfully, and sat down stiffly to my task, first
calling to my aid the lofty and clear perceptions, the noble and sonorous expressions,
of my old instructor, the archbishop of Grenada.
I began by laying it down as a first maxim of political philosophy, that the
vital functions, the respiration as it were of all monarchy, depended on the strict
administration of the finances; that in our particular case that duty became
imperiously urgent, irresistibly impressing on our consciences; and that the revenue
should be considered as the nerves and sinews of Spain, to hold her rivals in check
and keep her enemies in awe. After this general declamation, I pointed out to the
sovereign, for to him the memorial was addressed, that by cutting down all pensions
and perquisites dependent on the ordinary income, he would not thereby deprive
himself of that truly royal pleasure, a princely munificence towards those of his
subjects who had established a fair claim to his favours; because without drawing
upon his treasury, he had the means of distributing more acceptable rewards; that for
one branch of service, there were viceroyalties, lieutenancies, orders of merit, and all
sorts of military commissions: for another, high judicial situations with salaries
annexed, civil offices of magistracy with sounding titles to give them consequence;
and though last, not least, all the temporal possessions of the church to animate the
piety of its spiritual pastors.
This memorial, which was much longer than the first, occupied me nearly
three days; but as luck would have it, my performance was exactly to my master's
mind, who finding it written with sententious cogency, and bristled up with metaphors
in the declamatory parts, complimented me in the highest terms That is vastly well
expressed indeed! said he, laying his finger on a passage here and there, and picking
out all the most inflated sentences he could find that language bears the stamp of fine
composition, and might pass for the production of a classic. Courage, my friend! I

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foresee that your services will be worth their weight in gold. And yet, notwithstanding
the applauses he lavished on my classical composition, a few of his own heightening
touches, he thought, would make it read still better. He put a good deal of his own
stuff into it, and the medley was manufactured into a piece of eloquence which was
considered as unanswerable by the king and all the court. The whole city joined in
opinion with the higher orders, deriving the most flattering hopes of the future from
these grand promises, and concluding that the monarchy must re cover its pristine
splendour during the ministry of so illustrious a character. His excellency, finding that
my sermon on economy was fraught with practical inferences of utility to him, was
kind enough to wish that I should profit by the exercise of my own talents. In
conformity therefore with his new system of patronage, he gave me an annuity of five
hundred crowns on the commandery of Castile; and the acceptance of it was so much
the more palatable, as no dirty work had been done for it, but it was honestly, though
cheaply, earned.

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CH. VII. -- Gil Blas meets with his friend Fabricio once more; the accident,
place, and circumstances described; with the particulars of their conversation
together.
NOTHING gave his lordship greater pleasure than to hear the general decision
of Madrid on the conduct of his administration. Not a day passed but he inquired what
they were saying of him in the political world. He kept spies in pay, to bring him an
exact account of what was going on in the city. They particularized the most trivial
discourses which they overheard; and their orders being to suppress nothing, his self-
love was grazed now and then, for the people have a way of bolting out home truths,
without any nice calculation where they may glance.
Finding that the count loved political small talk, I made it my business to
frequent places of public resort after dinner, and to chime in with the conversation of
genteel people whenever opportunity offered. Should the measures of government
happen to be canvassed among them, I pricked up my ears, and greedily took in their
discourse; if anything worth repeating was said, his excellency was sure to hear of it.
It can scarcely be necessary to hint, that I never carried home anything which was not
likely to pay for the porterage.
One day, returning from one of these little conversational parties, my road lay
in front of an hospital. It occurred to me to go in. I walked through two or three wards,
filled with diseased patients, and examined their beds to see that they were properly
taken care of. Among these unhappy wretches, whom I could not look at without the
most painful feelings, I observed one whose features struck me: it surely could be no
other than Fabricio, my countryman and chum! To look at him more closely, I drew
near his bedside, and finding beyond a possibility of doubt that it was the poet Nunez,
I stopped to look at him for a few seconds without saying a word. He also fixed his
regards on me. At length breaking silence: Do not my eyes deceive me? said I. Is it
indeed Fabricio, and here? It is indeed, answered he, coldly, and you need not wonder
at it. Since we parted, I have been working indefatigably at the trade of an author: I
have written novels, play; and works of genius in every department. My brain is fairly
spun out, and here I am.
I could not help laughing at such a sketch of literary biography; and still more
at the serious air of the accompanying action. What! cried I, has your muse brought
you to this pass? Has she played you such a jade's trick as this? Even as you witness,
answered he; this establishment is a sort of halfpay receptacle for invalids on the
muster-roll of disabled wit. You have acted discreetly, my good friend, to lay yourself
out for promotion in a different line. But they tell me, you are no longer a courtier,
and that your prospects in political life were all blasted; nay, they went so far as to
affirm, that you were committed to close custody by the king's order. They told you
no more than the truth, replied I: the delightful vision of political eminence wherein
you left me last, soon shifted the scene of my incoherent dreams to a prison and
complete destitution. But for all that, my friend, here you behold me again in a better
plight than ever. That is quite out of the question, said Nunez: your deportment is
discreet and decent, you have not that supercilious and devil- take-the-hindermost sort
of aspect, which good keep communicates to the human face. The reverses of this
chequered life, replied I, have brought me down to the level of the more modest
virtues; I have taken a lesson in the school of adversity, to enjoy the possession of a
good stud without riding the great horse.
Tell me then candidly, cried Fabricio, raising his head upon his hand with his
elbow upon the pillow, what your present occupation can possibly be. A steward

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perhaps to some nobleman out at elbows, or man of business to some rich widow!
Something better than either the one or the other, rejoined I, but excuse me from
saying more at present: another time your curiosity shall be satisfied. It is enough at
present to assure you that my means are equal to my inclination, and that you may
command independence through me; but then you must submit to an embargo on your
wit, and a non-intercourse act between you and the faculty of writing, whether in
verse or prose. Can you make this sacrifice to my friendship? I have already made it
to the powers above, said he, in my last critical sickness. A Dominican made me
forswear poetry, as an amusement bordering on criminality, but at all events beside
the turnpike-road of good sense. I wish you joy, my dear Nunez, replied I; beware of a
revoke. There is not the least danger on that head, rejoined he: the Muses and I have
agreed on terms of separation: just as you came in at that door, I was conning over a
farewell ode. Good master Fabricio, said I, with a wise swagging to and fro of my
head, it is a doubtful question whether your vow of abjuration ought to pass current
with the Dominican and myself: you seem over head and ears in love with those
virgins incarnate. No, no, contended he peevishly, I have cut the connection asunder.
Nay more, I have quarrelled with their keepers, the public. The readers of these days
do not deserve an author of more genius than themselves: I should be sorry to write
down to their comprehension. You are not to suppose that this is the language of
disgust; it is my sincere and well-weighed opinion. Applause and hisses are just the
same to me. It is a toss up who fails and who succeeds: the wit of to- day is the
blockhead of to-morrow. What cursed fools our dramatists must be, to care for
anything but their poundage when their plays happen to be received! It is all very well
for a few nights! But only fancy a revival at the end of twenty years, and what a figure
they will cut then! The audiences of the present day turn up their noses at the stock
pieces of the last age, and it is a question whether their taste will fare better with their
more critical descendants. If that conjecture be probable, the inventors of clap-traps
now will be the butt of cat calls hereafter. It is just the same with novel writers, and all
other manufacturers of unnecessary literature: they strut and fret for an hour, and then
are no more seen or heard of. The glories of successful authorship are the mere
vapours of a murky atmosphere, meteors of a marsh, foul coruscations of a dunghill,
cathedral tapers to put out the galaxy, blue flames of coarse paper held over a candle.
Though these caricatures of rival renown were the mere creations of jealousy
in the poet of the Asturias, it was not my business to correct his ill temper. I am
delighted, said I, that wit and you have had so serious a quarrel; and that the diarrhoea
of your inventive faculties has been cured by an astringent. You may depend on it, I
will put you in the way of a good livelihood, without drawing deep upon your
intellectual credit. So much she better, cried he; wit smells like carrion in my nostrils,
or rather like a pungent and deleterious perfume; fragrant to the sense, but corrosive to
the vitals. I heartily wish, my dear Fabricio, resumed I, that you may always keep in
that mind. Only wash your hands completely of poetry, and you may depend on it, I
will enable you to keep your head above water without picking or stealing. In the
mean while, added I, slipping a purse of sixty pistoles into his hand, accept this as a
slight instance of my regard.
O friend like the friends in days of yore, cried the son of barber Nunez, out of
his wits with joy and gratitude, it was heaven itself which sent you into this hospital,
whence your goodness is now discharging me! Before we parted, I gave him my
address, and invited him to come and see me as soon as his health would permit. He
opened his eyes as an oyster does its shell, when I told him that I lodged under the
minister's roof. O illustrious Gil Blas! said he, great as Pompey and fortunate as Sylla,

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whose lot it is to be hand in glove with the dictators of modern times! I rejoice most
disinterestedly in your good fortune, because it is so very evident what a noble use
you make of it.

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CH. VIII. -- Gil Blas gets forward progressively in his master's affections.
Scipio's return to Madrid, and account of his journey.
THE Count of Olivarez, whom I shall henceforward call my lord duke,
because the king was pleased to confer that dignity on him about this time, was
infested with a weakness which I did not suffer to pass without taking toll: it was a
furious desire of being beloved. The moment he fancied that any one really liked him,
his heart was caught in a trap. This was not lost upon my keen sense of character. It
was not enough to do precisely as he ordered; I superadded a zeal in the execution
which made him mine. I laid myself out to his liking in everything, and provided
beforehand for his most eccentric wishes.
By conduct like this, which almost always answers, I became by degrees my
master's favourite; and he, on the other hand, as if he had got round to my blind side
also, wormed himself into my affections, by giving me his own. So forward did I get
into his good graces, as to halve his confidence with Signor Carnero, his principal
secretary.
Carnero had played my game; and that so successfully, as to be intrusted with
the greater mysteries. We two therefore were the keepers of the prime minister's
conscience, and held the keys of all his secrets: with this difference, that Carnero was
consulted on state affairs, myself about his private concerns, dividing the business
into two separate departments; and we were each of us equally pleased with our own.
We lived together without jealousy, and certainly without attachment. I had every
reason to be satisfied with my quarters, where continual intercourse gave me an
opportunity of prying into the duke's inmost soul, which was a masked battery to all
mankind beside, but plain as a pikestaff to me, when he no longer questioned the
sincerity of my attachment to hint.
Santillane, said he one day, you were witness to the Duke of Lerma's
possession of an authority, more like that of an absolute monarch than a favourite
minister; and yet I am still happier than he was at the very summit of his good fortune.
He had two formidable enemies in his own son, the Duke of Uzeda, and in the
confessor of Philip the Third: but there is no one now about the king who has credit
enough to stand in my way, or even, as I am aware, the slightest inclination to do me
mischief.
It is true, continued he, that on my accession to the ministry, it was my first
care to remove all hangers-on from about the prince but those of my own family or
connections. By means of viceroyalties or embassies I got rid of all the nobility who,
by their personal merit, could have interfered with me in the good graces of the
sovereign, whom I mean to engross entirely to myself; in that I may say at the present
moment, no statesman of the time holds me in check by the ascendancy of his
personal influence. You see, Gil Blas, I open my mind to you. As I have reason to
think that you are mine heart and soul, I have chosen to put you in possession of
everything. You are a clever youth; with reflection, penetration, and discretion: in
short, you are just the very creature to acquit yourself of all possible little offices in all
possible directions; you are also a young fellow of very promising parts, and must in
the nature of things be in my interests.
There was no standing the attack which these flattering representations were
calculated to make upon the weakly defended fortress of my philosophy.
Unauthorized whims of avarice and ambition mounted suddenly into my head, and
brought forward certain sentiments of political speculation which were supposed to
have been in abeyance. I gave the minister an assurance that I should fulfil his

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intentions to the utmost of my power, and held myself in readiness to execute without
examination or inference all the orders it might be his pleasure to give me.
While I was thus disposed to take fortune in her affable fit, Scipio returned
from his peregrination. I have no long story for you, said he. The lords of Leyva were
delighted at your reception from the king, and at the manner in which the Count of
Olivarez and you came to understand one another.
My friend, said I, you would have delighted them still more, had you been able
to tell them on what a footing I am now with my lord. My advances since your
departure have been prodigious. Happy man be his dole, my dear master, answered
he: my mind forebodes that we shall cut a figure.
Let us change the subject, said I, and talk of Oviedo. You have been in the
Asturias. How did you leave my mother? Ah, sir! replied he, with an undertaker's
decency of countenance, I have a melancholy tale to tell you from that quarter. O
heaven! exclaimed I, my mother then is dead! Six months since, said my secretary,
did the good lady pay the debt of nature, and your uncle, Signor Gil Perez, about the
same period.
My mother's death preyed upon my susceptible nature, though in my
childhood I had not received from her those little fondling indications of maternal
love, so necessary to amalgamate with the more serious convictions of filial duty. The
good canon, too, came in for his share in bringing me up according to the rules of
godliness and honesty. My serious grief was not lasting: but I never lost sight of a
certain tender recollection, whenever the idea of my dear relations shot across my
mind.

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CH. IX.. -- How my lord duke married his only daughter, and to whom: with the
bitter consequences of that marriage.
VERY shortly after the son of Coselina's return, my lord duke fell into a
brown study, and it lasted a complete week. I conceived, of course, that he was
brooding over some great measure of government; but family concerns were the
object of his musings. Gil Blas, said he one day after dinner, you may perceive that
my mind is a good deal distracted. Yes, my good friend, I am pondering over an affair
of the utmost consequence to my feelings. You shall know all about it.
My daughter, Donna Maria, pursued he, is marriageable, and of course beset
with suitors. The Count de Niéblés, eldest son of the Duke de Medina Sidonia, head
of the Guzman family, and Don Lewis de Haro, eldest son of the Marquis de Carpio
and my eldest sister, are the two most likely competitors. The latter in particular is
superior in point of merit to all his rivals, so that the whole court has fixed on him for
my son-in-law. Nevertheless, without entering into private motives for treating him,
as well as the Count de Niéblés, with a refusal, my present views are fixed upon Don
Ramires Nunez de Guzman, Marquis of Toni, head of the Guzmans d'Abrados,
another branch of the family. To that nobleman and his progeny by my daughter I
mean to leave all my property, and to entail on them the title of Count d'Olivarez, with
the additional dignity of grandee; so that my grandchildren and their descendants,
issue of the Abrados and Olivarez branch, will be considered as taking precedence in
the house of Guzman.
Tell me now, Santillane, added he, do you not like my project? Excuse me, my
lord, pleaded I, with a shrug, the design is worthy of the genius which gave birth to it:
my only fear is, lest the Duke of Medina Sidonia should think fit to be out of humour
at it. Let him take it as he list, resumed the minister; I give myself very little concern
about that. His branch is no favourite with me: they have choused that of Abrados out
of their precedence and many of their privileges. I shall be far less affected by his ill
humours than by the disappointment of my sister, the Marchioness de Carpio, when
she sees my daughter slip through her son's fingers. But let that be as it may. I am
determined to please myself, and Don Ramires shall be the man; it is a settled point.
My lord duke, having announced this firm resolve, did not carry it into effect
without giving a new proof of his singular policy. He presented a memorial to the
king, entreating him and the queen in concert, to do him the honour of taking the
choice of a husband for his daughter on themselves, at the same time acquainting
them with the pretensions of the suitors, and professing to abide by their election; but
he took care, when naming the Marquis de Toral, to evince clearly whither his own
wishes pointed. The king, therefore, with a blind deference for his minister, answered
thus: "I think that Don Ramires Nunez deserves Donna Maria: but determine for
yourself. The match of your own choosing will be most agreeable to me." (Signed)
THE KING.
The minister made a point of shewing this answer everywhere; and affecting
to consider it as a royal mandate, hastened his daughter's marriage with the Marquis
de Toral; a death-blow to the hopes of the Marchioness de Carpio, and the rest of the
Guzmans who had been speculating on an alliance with Donna Maria. These rival
players of a losing game, not being able to break off the match, put the best face they
could upon it, and made the fashionable world to resound with their costly
celebrations of the event A superficial observer might have fancied that the whole
family was delighted with the arrangement; but the pouters and ill-wishers were soon
revenged most cruelly at my lord duke's expense. Donna Maria was brought to bed of

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a daughter at the end of ten months; the infant was still-born, and the mother died a
few day afterwards.
What a loss for a father who had no eyes, as one may say, but for his daughter,
and in her loss felt the miscarriage of his design to quash the right of precedence in
the branch of Medina Sidonia! Stung to the quick by his misfortune, he shut himself
up for several days, and was visible to no one but myself; a sincere sympathiser, from
the recollection of my own experience in his sorrow. The occasion drew forth fresh
tears to Antonia's memory. The death of the Marchioness de Toral, under
circumstances so similar, tore open a wound imperfectly skinned over, and so
exasperated my affliction, that the minister, though he had enough to do with his own
sufferings, could not help taking notice of mine. It seemed unaccountable how exactly
his feelings were echoed. Gil Blas, said he one day, when my tears seemed to feed
upon indulgence, my greatest consolation consists in having a bosom friend so much
alive to all my distresses. Ah! my lord, answered I, giving him the full credit of my
amiable tenderness, I must be ungrateful and degenerate in my nature if I did not
lament as for myself. Can I be aware that you mourn over a daughter of accomplished
merit, whom you loved so tenderly, without shedding tears of fellow-feeling! No, my
lord, I am too much naturalized to you on the side of obligation, not to take a
permanent interest in all your pleasures and disappointments.

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CH. X. -- Gil Blas meets with the poet Nunez by accident, and learns that he has
written a tragedy, which is on the point of being brought out at the theatre royal.
The ill fortune of the piece, and the good fortune of its author.
THE minister began to pick up his crumbs, and myself consequently to get
into feather again, when one evening I went out alone in the carriage to take an airing.
On the road I met the poet of the Asturias, who had been lost to my knowledge ever
since his discharge from the hospital. He was very decently dressed. I called him up,
gave him a seat in my carriage, and we drove together to Saint Jerome's meadow.
Master Nunez, said I, it is lucky for me to have met you accidentally; for
otherwise I should not have had the pleasure . . . . No severe speeches, Santillane,
interrupted he with considerable eagerness: I most own frankly that I did not mean to
keep up your acquaintance, and I will tell you the reason. You promised me a good
situation provided I abjured poetry, but I have found a very excellent one, on
condition of keeping my talents in constant play. I accepted the latter alternative, as
squaring best with my own humour. A friend of mine got me an employment under
Don Bertrand Gomez Del Ribero, treasurer of the king's galleys. This Don Bertrand,
wanting to have a wit in his pay, and finding my turn for poetical composition very
much in unison with his own sense of what is excellent, has chosen me in preference
to five or six authors who offered themselves as candidates for the place of his private
secretary.
I am delighted at the news, my dear Fabricio, said I, for this Don Bertrand
must be very rich. Rich indeed! answered he; they say that he does not know himself
how much he is worth. However that may be, my business under him is as follows. He
prides himself on his turn for gallantry, at the same time wishing to pass for a man of
genius: he therefore keeps up an epistolary intercourse of wit with several ladies who
have an infinite deal, and borrows my brain to indite such letters as may amplify the
opinion of his sprightliness and elegance. I write to one for him in verse, to another in
prose, and sometimes carry the letters myself, to prove the agility of my heels as well
as the ingenuity of my head.
But you do not tell me, said I, what I most want to know. Are you well paid
for your epigrammatic cards of compliment? Yes, most plentifully, answered he. Rich
men are not always open-handed; and I know some who are downright curmudgeons;
but Don Bertrand has behaved in the most handsome manner. Besides a salary of two
hundred pistoles, I receive some little occasional perquisites from him, sufficient to
set me above the world, and enable me to live on an equal footing with some choice
spirits of the literary circles, who are willing, like myself, to set care at defiance. But
then, resumed I, has your treasurer critical skill enough to distinguish the beauties of a
performance from its blemishes? The least likely man in the world, answered Nunez:
a flippant-tongued smatterer, with a miserable assortment of materials for judging.
Yet he gives himself out for chief justice and lord president of Apollo's tribunal. His
decisions are adventurous, if not always lucky; while his opinions are maintained in
so high a tone and with so bullying a challenge of infallibility, that nine times out of
ten the issue of an argument is silence, though not conviction, on the part of the
opponent, as a measure of precaution against the gathering storm of foul language and
contemptuous sneers.
You may readily suppose, continued he, that I take especial care never to
contradict him, though it almost exceeds human patience to forbear: for, to say
nothing of the unpalatable phrases that might be hailed down on my defenceless head,
I should stand a very good chance of being shoved by the shoulders out of doors. I

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therefore am discreet enough to approve what he praises, and to condemn without

mitigation or appeal whatever he is pleased to find fault with. By this easy
compliance, for poets are compelled to acquire a knack of knocking under to those by
whom they live, not even excepting their booksellers, I have gained the esteem and
friendship of my patron. He has employed me to write a tragedy on a plot of his own.
I have executed it under his inspection; and if the piece succeeds, a percentage on the
laud and honour must accrue to him.
I asked our poet what was the title of his tragedy. He informed me that it was
"The Count of Saldagna," and that it would come out in two or three days. I told him
that I wished it all possible success, and thought so favour ably of his genius, as to
entertain considerable hopes. So do I, said he, but hope never tells a more flattering
tale than in the ear of a dramatic author. You might as well attempt to fix the wind by
nailing the weathercock, as speculate on the reception of a new piece with an
audience.
At length, the day of performance arrived. I could not go to the play, being
prevented by official business. The only thing to be done was to send Scipio, that he
might bring me back word how it went off; for I was sincerely interested in the event.
After waiting impatiently for his return, in he came with a long face which boded no
good. Well, said I, how was "The Count of Saldagna" welcomed by the critics? Very
roughly, answered he; never was there a play more brutally handled; I left the house
in high anger at the injustice and insolence of the pit. It serves him right, rejoined I.
Nunez is no better than a madman, to he always running his head against the stone
walls of a theatre. If he was in his senses, could he have preferred the hisses and
catcalls of an unfeeling mob, to the ease and dignity he might have commanded under
my patronage? Thus did I inveigh with friendly vehemence against the poet of the
Asturias, and disturb the even tenor of my mind for an event, which the sufferer hailed
with joy, and inserted among the well-omened particulars of his journal.
He came to see me within two days, and appeared in high spirits. Santillane,
cried he, I am come to receive your congratulations. My fortune is made, my friend,
though my play is marred. You know what a mistake they made on the first and last
night of "The Count of Saldagna;" hissed instead of applauding! You would have
thought all the wild beasts of the forest had been let loose, with their ears fortified
against the softening power of poetry: but the more they bellowed, the better I fared,
and they have roared me into a provision for life.
There was no knowing what to make of this incident in the drama of our poet's
adventures. What is all this, Fabricio? said I: how can theatrical damnation have
conjured up such Elysian ecstacy? It is exactly so, answered he: I told you before that
Don Bertrand had thrown in some of the circumstances; and he was fully convinced
that there was no defect but in the taste of the spectators. They might he very good
judges; but, if they were, he was no judge at all! Nunez! said he this morning;
Victrix causa Diis placuit, sed victa Catoni.
[Members of parliament, and the ladies, will probably expect a translation of
these hard words; but I refer the former to their dictionaries, to which they bade a long
farewell on leaving Eton or Harrow; and the latter to an extended paraphrase of five
acts in the tragedy of Cato. Those of the softer sex who may think the Stoic
philosophy rude and uncouth, will feel their nerves vibrate in unison with the love
scenes. -- Translator.]
Your piece has been ill-received by the public; but against that you may place
my entire approbation; and thus you ought to set your heart at rest. By way of
something to balance the bad taste of the age, I shall settle an annuity of two thousand

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crowns on you: go to my solicitor, and let him draw the deed. We have been about it:
the treasurer has signed and sealed; my first quarter is paid in advance . . . .
I wished Fabricio joy on the unhappy fate of "The Count of Saldagna," and
probably most authors would have envied his failure more than all the success that
ever succeeded. You are in the right, continued he, to prefer my fortune to my fame.
What a lucky peal of disapprobation in double choir! If the public had chosen to ring
the changes on my merits rather than my misdeeds, what would they have done for
my pocket? A mere paltry nothing. The common pay of the theatre might have kept
me from starving; but the wind of popular malice has blown me a comfortable
pension, engrossed on safe and legal parchment.

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CH. XI. -- Santillane gives Scipio a situation: the latter sets out for New Spain.
MY secretary could not look at the unexpected good luck of Nunez the poet
without envy: he talked of nothing else for a week. The whims of that baggage,
Fortune, said he, are most unaccountable: she delights to turn her lottery wheel into
the lap of a sorry author, while she deals out her disappointments like a step- mother
to the race of good ones. I should have no objection, though, if she would throw me
up a prize in one of her vertical progresses. That is likely enough to happen, said I,
and sooner than you imagine. Here you are in her temple; for it is scarcely too
presumptuous to call the house of a prime minister the temple of Fortune, where
favours are conferred by wholesale, and votaries grow fat on the spoils of her altar.
That is very true, sir, answered he; but we must have patience, and wait till the happy
moment comes. Take my advice while it is worth having, Scipio, replied I, and make
your mind easy: perhaps you are on the eve of some good appointment. And so it
turned out; for within a few days an opportunity offered of employing him
advantageously in my lord duke's service; and I did not suffer the happy moment to
pass by.
I was engaged in chat one morning with Don Raymond Caporis, the prime
minister's steward, and our conversation turned on the sources of his excellency's
income. My lord, said he, enjoys the commanderies of all the military orders, yielding
a revenue of forty thousand crowns a year; and he is only obliged to wear the cross of
Alcantara. Moreover, his three offices of great chamberlain, master of the home, and
high chancellor of the Indies, bring him in nn income of two hundred thousand
crowns; and yet all this is nothing in comparison of the immense sums which he
receives through other transatlantic channels; but you will be puzzled to guess how.
When vessels clear out from Seville or Lisbon for those parts of the world, he ships
wine, oil, grain, and other articles, the produce of his own estate; and his
consignments are duty free. With that perquisite in his pocket, he sells his
merchandise for four times its current price in Spain, and then lays out the money in
spices, colouring materials, and other things which cost next to nothing in the new
world, and are sold very dear in Europe. Already has he realized some millions by this
traffic, without detracting from the dues of his royal master.
You will easily account for it, continued he, that the people concerned in
carrying on this trade return with great fortunes in their pockets; for my lord thinks it
but reasonable that they should divide their diligence between his business and their
own.
That shrewd son of chance and opportunity, of whom we are speaking,
overheard our conversation, and could not help interrupting Don Raymond to the
following purport. Upon my word, Signor Caporis, I should like to be one of those
people; for I am fond of travelling, and have long wished to see Mexico. Your
inclinations as a tourist shall soon be gratified, said the steward, if Signor de
Santillane will not stand in the way of your wishes. However particular I may think it
my duty to be about the persons whom I send to the West Indies in that capacity, and
they are all of my appointment, you shall be placed on the list at all adventures, if
your master wishes it. You will confer on me a particular favour, said I to Don
Raymond; be so good as to do it in kindness to me. Scipio is a young fellow much in
my good graces, very capable in business, and will be found irreproachable in his
conduct. In a word, I would as soon answer for him as myself.
That being the case, replied Caporis, he has only to repair immediately to
Seville: the ships are to sail for South America in a month. I shall give him a letter at

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his departure for a man who will put him in the way of making a fortune, without the
slightest interference in his excellency's dues and profits, which ought to be held
sacred by him.
Scipio, delighted with his berth, was in haste to set out for Seville with a
thousand crowns with which I furnished him, to make purchases of wine and oil in
Andalusia, and enable him to trade on his own bottom in the West Indies. And yet,
overjoyed as he was to make a voyage, and as he hoped his fortune therewithal, he
could not part from me without tears: and the separation raised the waters even from
my dry fountains.

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CH. XII. -- Don Alphonso de Leyva comes to Madrid; the motive of his journey a
severe affliction to Gil Blas, and a cause of rejoicing subsequent thereon.
No sooner had I parted with Scipio than one of the minister's pages brought
me a note conceived in the following terms: "If Signor de Santillane will take the
trouble of calling at the sign of Saint Gabriel, in the Street of Toledo, he will there see
a friend who is not indifferent to him."
Who can this nameless friend possibly be? said I to myself. What can be the
meaning of all this mystery? Obviously to occasion me the pleasure of a surprise. I
attended the summons immediately, and on my arrival at the place appointed, was not
a little astonished to find Don Alphonso de Leyva there. Is it possible! exclaimed I:
you here, my lord? Yes, my dear Gil Blas, answered he with a close compression of
my hand in his, it is Don Alphonso himself. Well! but what brings you to Madrid?
said I. You will be not a little startled, rejoined he, and no less vexed at the occasion
of my journey. They have taken my government of Valencia from me, and the prime
minister has sent for me to give an account of my conduct. For a whole quarter of an
hour I was like a man stupefied; then recovering the powers of speech: Of what, said
I, are you accused? I know nothing at all about it, answered he; but my disgrace is
probably owing to a visit paid about three weeks ago to the Cardinal Duke of Lerma,
who was banished about a month since to his seat at Denia.
Yes, indeed! cried I in a pet, you may well attribute your misfortune to that
imprudent visit: there is no occasion to look out for causes and effects else where; but
give me leave to say that you have not acted with your usual good sense, in claiming
acquaintance with that favourite out of favour. The leap is taken, and the neck broken,
said he; and I have nothing to do but to make the best out of a bad bargain: I shall
retire with my family to our paternal estate at Leyva, where the remnant of my days
will glide away in peace and obscurity. What taunts and teases me, is the requisition
of appearing before a haughty minister, who may receive me with all the insolence of
office. How humiliating to the pride of a Spaniard! And yet it is a measure of
necessity; but before the degrading ceremony took place, I wanted to talk it over with
you. Sir, said I, do not announce your arrival to the minister, till I have ascertained the
nature of the reports to your discredit; for there are few evils without a remedy.
Whatever may be your alleged crimes, you will give me leave, if you please, to act in
the affair as gratitude and friendship shall dictate. With this assurance, I left him at his
inn, and promised to let him hear from me soon.
As I had taken no active part in state affairs since the two memorials, in which
my eloquence was so signally displayed, I went to look for Carnero, with a view to
inquire whether Don Alphonso's government was really taken from him. He answered
in the affirmative, but professed not to know the reason. Finding how things stood, I
determined to apply at head-quarters, and to learn the grounds of grievance from his
lordship's own mouth.
My spirits were really harassed; so that there was no need of putting on the
trappings and the suits of woe, to attract my lord duke's notice. What is the matter,
Santillane? said he, as soon as he saw me. I perceive a marked unhappiness on your
countenance, and tears just ready to trickle down your cheeks. Has any one behaved
ill to you? Tell me, and you shall have your revenge. My lord, answered I, in a
melancholy tone, even though my grief would seek to hide itself, it must have vent:
my despair is past endurance. The report goes that Don Alphonso is no longer
Governor of Valencia; a severer stroke could not have been inflicted on me. What say
you, Gil Blas? replied the minister in astonishment: what interest can you take in this

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Don Alphonso and his government? On this question, I detailed at length my

obligations to the Lords of Leyva, and modestly stated my own interference with the
Duke of Lerma, to obtain the appointment for my friend.
When his excellency had heard me through with the most polite and kind
attention, he spoke thus: Make yourself easy, Gil Blas. Besides my entire ignorance of
what you have just told me, I must own that I considered Don Alphonso as the
cardinal's creature. Only put yourself in my place: was not the visit to his eminence a
most suspicious circumstance? Yet I am willing to believe that owing his preferment
to that minister, he might have remembered him in his adversity from a motive of
pure gratitude. I am sorry for having displaced a man who owed his elevation to you;
but if I have pulled down your handiwork I can build it up again. I mean to do still
more than the Duke of Lerma for you. Your friend Don Alphonso was only Governor
of Valencia; I appoint him Viceroy of Arragon: you may send him word so yourself;
and order him hither to take the oaths. At these words, my feelings changed from
extreme grief to an excess of joy, which completely caricatured the mediocrity of
common sense, and made me utter an incoherent rhapsody of thanks: but the want of
method in the madness of my discourse was not taken amiss; and on my hinting that
Don Alphonso was already at Madrid, he told me that I might present him this very
day. I ran to the sign of Saint Gabriel, and communicated my own raptures to Don
Caesar's son, by informing him of his new appointment. He could not believe what I
told him; but found it a hard matter to persuade himself; that the prime minister,
though likely enough to be very well disposed towards me, should attend his
friendship so far as to dispose of viceroyalties at my instance. I carried him with me to
my lord duke, who received him very affably, complimented him on his uniform good
conduct in his government of Valencia, and finished by saying that the king,
considering him as qualified for a higher station, had named him for the viceroyalty of
Arragon. Besides, added he, your family is of a rank not to disparage the dignity of
the office; so that the Arragonese nobility will have no plea for excepting against the
choice of the court.
His excellency made no mention of me, and the public was kept in the dark as
to my share in the business; indeed, this prudent silence was lucky both for Don
Alphonso and the minister, since the tongues of defamers would have been busy in
taking to pieces the pretensions of a viceroy who owed his preferment to my
patronage.
As soon as Don Caesar's son could speak with certainty of his new honours, he
sent off an express for Valencia with the information to his father and Seraphina, who
soon arrived in Madrid. Their first object was to find me out, and ply me thick and
threefold with acknowledgments. What a proud and affecting sight for me, to behold
the three persons in the world nearest my heart, vying with each other in their
testimonies of affection and gratitude! The pleasure my zeal seemed personally to
give them, was equal to the dignity conferred on their house by the post of viceroy.
They even talked with me on a footing of equality, and scarcely remembered my
original distance or servitude in the fervour of their present feelings. But not to dwell
on unnecessary topics, Don Alphonso having taken the oaths and returned thanks, left
Madrid with his family, to take up his abode at Saragossa. He made his public entry
with appropriate magnificence; and the Arragonese caused it to appear, by their
cordial reception, that I had a very pretty knack at picking out a viceroy.

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CH. XIII. -- Gil Blas meets Don Gaston de Cogollos and Don Andrew de
Tordesillas at the drawing-room, and adjourns with them to a more convenient
place. The story of Don Gaston and Donna Helena de Galisteo concluded.
Santillane renders some service to Tordesillas.
I WAS up to the hilts in joy at having so marvellously metamorphosed an ex-
governor into a viceroy; the Lords of Leyva themselves were not primed and loaded
so near to bursting. But very soon I had another opportunity of employing my credit
in the beaten track of friendship; and there is the more occasion to quote these
instances, that my readers may clearly discern with how different a man they are in
company, from that graceless Gil Blas who, under the former ministry, carried on a
shameless traffic in the honours and emoluments of the state.
One day I was waiting in the king's ante-chamber, in conversation with some
noblemen, who, knowing me to stand well with the prime minister, were not ashamed
of taking me by the hand. In the crowd was Don Gaston de Cogollos, whom I had left
a prisoner in the tower of Segovia. He was with Don Andrew de Tordesillas, the
warden. I readily quitted my company to go and renew my acquaintance with my two
friends. If they were astonished at the sight of me, I was no less so to find them here.
After mutual greetings, Don Gaston said: Signor de Santillane, we have many
inquiries to make of each other, and this place affords little opportunity for private
intercourse; allow me to request your company where we may open our hearts freely.
I made no objection; we pushed our way through the crowd, and left the palace. Don
Gaston's carriage was ready waiting in the street; we all three got into it, and drove to
the great market-place, where the bull- fights are exhibited. There Cogollos lived in a
very handsome house.
Signor Gil Blas, said Don Andrew on our entrance, at your departure from
Segovia you seemed to have conceived a thorough hatred against the court, and to
have formed a settled purpose of abandoning it for ever. Such was, in fact, my design,
answered I; nor were my sentiments at all changed during the lifetime of the late king;
but when the prince his son came to the throne, I had a mind to see whether the new
monarch would know me again. He did so, and received me favourably, with a strong
recommendation to the prime minister, who admitted me to his friendship, and took
me more into his confidence than ever did the Duke of Lerma. This, Signor Don
Andrew, is my story. And now tell me whether you still hold your office in the tower
of Segovia. No, indeed! answered he; my lord duke has removed me, and put another
in my room. He probably considered me as entirely devoted to his predecessor. And I,
said Don Gaston, was set at liberty for the contrary reason; the prime minister was no
sooner informed that my imprisonment was by the Duke of Lerma's order, than he
ordered me to be released. The present business, Signor Gil Blas, is to relate the
subsequent particulars of my adventures.
The first thing I did, continued he, after thanking Don Andrew for his kind
attentions during my confinement, was to repair to Madrid. I presented myself before
the Count Duke of Olivarez, who said: You need not be apprehensive of any blemish
on your character in consequence of your late misfortune; you are honourably
acquitted: nay, your innocence is so much the more satisfactorily established, as the
Marquis of Villareal, with whom you were supposed to be implicated, was not guilty.
Though a Portuguese, and related to the Duke of Braganza, he is less in his interests
than in those of the king my master. That connection, therefore, ought not to have
been imputed to you as a crime; but, to repair your wrongs, the king has given you a
lieutenant's commission in the Spanish guards. This I accepted, begging it as a favour

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of his excellency to allow me, before I joined my regiment, to go and see my aunt,
Donna Eleonora de Laxarilla, at Coria. The minister gave me leave of absence for a
month, and I departed with only one servant
We had got beyond Colmenar, and were threading a narrow pass between two
mountains, when we came within sight of a gentleman defending himself bravely
against three men, who all fell upon him together. I did not hesitate about going to his
aid; but hastened forward and planted myself by his side. I remarked while we were
fighting, that our enemies were masked, and that we had to do with expert
swordsmen. But we triumphed over the united advantages of their skill and disparity. I
ran one of the three through the body; he fell from his horse, and the two others
immediately betook themselves to flight. The victory indeed was scarcely less fatal to
us than to the wretch whom I had killed, for we were both dangerously wounded. But
conceive my surprise, when I discovered the gentleman to be Combados, the husband
of Donna Helena. He was no less astonished at recognizing me as his defender. Ah,
Don Gaston! exclaimed he, was it you, then, who came to my assistance? When you
took my part so generously, you little thought it was the person who had snatched
your mistress from you. I really did not know it, answered I; but though I had, do you
think I could have wavered about doing as I have done? Can you entertain so ill an
opinion of me, as to believe my soul so sordid? No, no, replied he; I think better of
you; and should I die of my wounds, it will be my prayer that yours may not disable
you from profiting by my death. Combados, said I, though I have not yet forgotten
Donna Helena, know that I do not pant after the possession of her charms at the
expense of your life; so far from it, that I congratulate myself on having contributed to
your rescue from assassination, since by so doing I have performed an acceptable
service to your wife
While we were communing together, my servant dismounted; and drawing
near to the gentleman stretched at his length, took off his mask, when Combados, with
sensations of gratitude for his deliverance, distinctly traced the features. It is Caprara,
exclaimed he; that treacherous cousin who, in mere disgust at having missed a rich
inheritance which he had unjustly disputed with me, has long since cherished a
murderous design against my life, and fixed on this day to put it in execution; but
heaven has turned him over to its determined vengeance, and made him the victim of
his own attempt.
While this conversation was going on, our blood was flowing at the same rate,
and we were becoming more exhausted every minute. Nevertheless, disabled as we
were, we had strength enough to reach the town of Villaréjo, which lies within gun-
shot or two from the field of battle. At the very first house of call we sent for
surgeons. The most expert came at our summons. He examined our wounds, and
reported them as dangerous. After taking off the bandages and dressing them a second
time, he pronounced those of Don Blas to be mortal. Of mine he thought more
favourably, and the event corresponded with his prognostic.
Combados, finding himself consigned to the grave, thought only of due
preparation for a most serious event. He sent an express to his wife, with an account
for what had happened, particularizing his present sad condition. Donna Helena soon
arrived at Villaréjo. Her mind was drawn different ways by two opposite occasions of
distress; the hazard of her husband's life, and the fear of feeling the revival of a half-
extinguished flame at the sight of me. This sight occasioned her to experience a
terrible agitation. Madam, said Don Blas, when she appeared in his presence, you are
come just in time to receive my farewell. I am at the point of death, and I consider my
fate as a punishment from heaven for having taken you from Don Gaston by a feint:

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far from murmuring at it, I exhort you with my last breath to restore to him a heart
which I had stolen from him. Donna Helena answered him only by her tears: and
indeed it was the best answer she could make; for she had neither forgotten her first
love, nor the artifices whereby she had been influenced to renounce her plighted faith.
It happened as the surgeon had anticipated, that in less than three days
Combados died of his wounds, while mine on the contrary wore the appearance of
convalescence. The young widow, whom no earthly considerations could detach from
the care of transporting her late husband's remains to Coria, that they might be
deposited with due honours in the family vault, left Villaréjo on her return, after
inquiring, merely as a matter of course, how I was going on. As soon as I was well
enough to be removed, I bent my course to Coria, where my recovery was soon
ascertained. My aunt, Donna Eleonora, and Don George de Galisteo, were determined
that my marriage with Helena should take place forthwith, lest some new caprice of
fortune should part us once more. The ceremony was privately performed, on account
of the late melancholy event, and within a few days I returned to Madrid with Donna
Helena. As my leave of absence had expired, I was afraid lest the minister should
have superseded me in my lieutenancy; but he had not filled up the vacancy, and
received my apologies very graciously.
Thus am I, continued Cogollos, lieutenant of the Spanish guards, and my
situation is exactly to my mind. The circle of my friends is respectable and pleasant,
and I live at my ease among them. Would I could say as much! exclaimed Don
Andrew: but I am very far from being satisfied with my lot; I have lost my
appointment, which was not without its advantages, and have no friends of sufficient
interest to procure me a better berth. Excuse me, Signor Don Andrew, cried I, with a
sort of upbraiding smile, you have a friend in me who may chance to be better than no
friend at all. I have told you already that I am a greater favourite with my lord duke
than with the Duke of Lerma; and will you tell me to my face that you have no
interest at court? Have you not already experienced the contrary? Recollect that,
through the archbishop of Grenada's powerful recommendation, I procured you a
nomination for Mexico, where you would have made your fortune, if love had not
stepped in and marred it at Alicant. My means are now more extensive, since I have
the ear of the prime minister. I give myself up to you then, replied Tordesillas; but do
not send me into New Spain, though the first appointment in the colonies were at your
disposal.
Here we were interrupted by Donna Helena, who came into the room, and
improved even upon the visions of my fancy by the reality of her charms. Cogollos
introduced me as the companion who had solaced the tedious hours of his
imprisonment. Yes, madam, said I to Donna Helena, my conversation did indeed
soothe his sorrows, for it turned on you. The compliment was not thrown away, and I
took my leave with repeated congratulations. With respect to Tordesillas, I assured
him that within a week he should know how far my power as well as will extended.
Nor were these mere words. On the very next day, the opportunity occurred.
Santillane, said his excellency, the place of governor in the royal prison of Valladolid
is vacant: it is worth more than three hundred pistoles a year; and is yours if you will
accept of it. Not if it were worth ten thousand ducats, answered I, for it would carry
me away from your lordship. But, replied the minister, you may fill it by deputy, and
only visit occasionally. That is as it may be, rejoined I; but I shall only accept it on
condition of resigning in favour of Don Andrew de Tordesillas, a brave and loyal
gentleman; I should like to give him this place in acknowledgment of his kindness to
me in the tower of Segovia.

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This plea made the minister laugh heartily, and say: As far as I see, Gil Blas,
you mean to make yourself a general patron. Even so be it, my friend; the vacancy is
yours for Tordesillas; but tell me unfeignedly what fellow-feeling you have in the
business, for you are not such a fool as to throw away your interest for nothing. My
lord, answered I, Don Andrew charged me nothing for all his acts of friendship, and
should not a man repay his obligations? You are become highly moral and self-
mortified, replied his excellency; rather more so than under the last administration.
Precisely so, rejoined I; then evil communication corrupted my principles; bargain
and sale were the order of the day, and I conformed to the established practice: now,
all preferment is allotted on the footing of a meritorious free gift, and my integrity
shall not be the last to fall in with the fashion.

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CH. XIV. -- Santillane's visit to the poet Nunez, the company and conversation.
ONE day, after dinner, a fancy seized me to go and see the poet of the
Asturias, feeling a sort of curiosity to know on what floor he lodged. I repaired to the
house of Signor Don Bertrand Gomex Del Ribero, and asked for Nunez. He does not
live here now, said the porter, but over the way, in apartments at the back of the
house. I went thither, and crossing a small court, entered an unfurnished parlour,
where my friend Fabricio was sitting at table, doing the honours to five or six guests
from the hamlet and liberty of Parnassus.
They were at the latter end of a feast, and of course at the beginning of an
affray; but as soon as they perceived me, a dead silence succeeded to their
obstreperous argumentation. Nunez rose from his seat with much pomp and
circumstance of politeness to receive me, saying: Gentlemen, Signor de Santillane! He
does me the honour to visit me under this humble roof; as the favourite of the prime
minister, you will all join with me in tendering your humble services. At this
introduction, the worshipful company got up and made their best bows; for my rank
could not fail of procuring me respect from the manufacturers of dedications. Though
I was neither hungry nor thirsty, it was impossible not to sit down and drink a toast in
such society.
My presence appearing to be a restraint, Gentlemen, said I, it should seem that
I have interrupted your conversation: resume it, or you drive me away. My learned
friends, said Fabricio, were discussing the "Iphigenia" of Euripides. The bachelor,
Melchior de Villégas, a clever man of the first rank in the republic of letters, resumed
the topic by asking Don Jacinto de Romerate which was the point of interest in that
tragedy. Don Jacinto ascribed it to the imminent danger of Iphigenia. The bachelor
contended, offering to prove his proposition by all the evidence admissible at the bar
of logic or criticism, that the danger of a trumpery girl had nothing to do with the real
sympathy of that affecting piece. What has to do with it then? bawled the old
licentiate Gabriel of Leon indignantly. It turns with the wind, replied the bachelor.
The whole company burst into a shout of laughter at this assertion, which they
were far from considering as serious; and I myself thought that Melchior had only
launched it by way of adding the zest of wit to the severity of critical discussion. But I
was out in my calculation respecting the character of that eminent scholar: he had not
a grain of sprightliness or pleasantry in his whole composition. Laugh as you please,
gentlemen, replied he, very coolly; I maintain that there is no circumstance but the
wind, unless it be the weathercock, to interest, to strike, to rouse the passions of the
spectator. Figure to yourselves a multitudinous army, assembled for the purpose of
laying siege to Troy; take into account the eager haste of the officers and common
men to carry their enterprise into execution, that they may return with their best legs
foremost into Greece, where they have left everything most dear to them, their
household gods, their wives and their children: all this while a mischievous wind from
the wrong quarter keeps them port-bound at Aulis, and, as it were, drives a nail into
the very head of the expedition; so that till better weather, it was impossible to go and
lay siege to Priam's town. Wind and weather therefore make up the interest of this
tragedy. My good wishes are with the Greeks: my whole faculties are wrapped up in
the success of their design; the sailing of their fleet is with me the only hinge of the
fable, and I look at the danger of Iphigenia with somewhat of a self-interested
complacency, because by her death the winding up of the story into a brisk and
favourable gale was likely to be accelerated,

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As soon as Villégas had finished his criticism, the laugh burst out more than
ever, at his expense. Nunez was sly enough to side with him, that a fairer scope and
broader mark might be presented to the shafts of malicious wit which were let fly
from all the quarters in the shipman's card, at this poster of the sea and land. But the
bachelor, eyeing them all with sublime indifference and supreme contempt, gave them
to understand how low in the list of the ignorant and vulgar they ranked in his
estimation. Every moment did I expect to see these vapouring spirits kindle into a
blaze, and wage war against the hairy honours of each other's brainless skulls: but the
joke was not carried to that length; they confined their hostilities to opprobrious
epithets, and took their leave when they had eaten and drunk as much as they could
get.
After their departure, I asked Fabricio why he had separated himself from his
treasurer, and whether they had quarrelled. Quarrelled! answered he: Heaven defend
me from such a misfortune! I am on better terms than ever with Signor Don Bertrand,
who gave his consent to my living apart from him: here therefore I receive my friends,
and take my pleasure with them unmolested. You know very well that I am not of a
temper to lay up treasures for those who are to come after me; and as it happens
luckily, I am now in circumstances to give my little classical entertainments every
day. I am delighted at it, my dear Nunez, replied I, and once more wish you joy on the
success of your last tragedy: the great Lope, by his eight hundred dramatic pieces,
never made a quarter of the money which you have got by the damnation of your
"Count de Saldagna."

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BOOK THE TWELFTH.

CH. I. -- Gil Blas sent to Toledo by the minister. The purpose of his journey and
its success.
For nearly a month his excellency had been saying to me every day:
Santillane, the time is approaching, when I shall call your choicest powers of address
into action; but the time that was coming never came. It is a long lane, however,
where there is no turning; and his excellency at length spoke to me nearly as follows:
They say that there is, in the company of comedians at Toledo, a young actress of
much note for her personal and professional fascinations; it is affirmed that she dances
and sings like all the muses and graces put together, and that the whole theatre rings
with applause at her performance: to these perfections is added matchless and
irresistible beauty. Such a star should only shine within the circle of a court. The king
has a taste for the stage, for music, and for dancing: nor must he be debarred from the
pleasure of seeing and hearing such a prodigy. I have determined on sending you to
Toledo, that you may judge for yourself whether she really is so extraordinary an
actress: on your feeling of her merit my measures shall be taken; for I have unlimited
confidence in your discernment.
I undertook to bring his lordship a good account of this business, and made my
arrangements for setting out with one servant, but not in the minister's livery, by way
of conducting matters more warily; and that precaution relished well with his
excellency. On my arrival at Toledo, I had scarcely alighted at the inn, when the
landlord, taking me for some country gentleman, said: Please your honour, you are
probably come to be present at the august ceremony of an Auto da Fé to-morrow. I
answered in the affirmative, the more completely to mislead him, and keep my own
counsel. You will see, replied he, one of the prettiest processions you ever saw in your
life: there are said to be more than a hundred prisoners, and ten of them are to be
roasted.
In good truth, next morning, before sun-rise, I heard all the bells in the town
peal merrily; and the design of their bob- majors was to acquaint the people that the
pastime was about to begin. Curious to see what sort of a recreation it was, I dressed
in a hurry, and posted to the scene of action. All about that quarter, and along the
streets where the procession was to pass, were scaffolds, on one of which I purchased
a standing. The Dominicans walked first, preceded by the banner of the Inquisition.
These Christian fathers were immediately followed by the hapless victims of the holy
office, selected for this day's burnt-offering. These devoted wretches walked one by
one with their head and feet bare, each of them with a taper in his hand, and a fiery,
not baptismal godfather by his side. Some had large yellow scapularies, worked with
crosses of St Andrew, in red; others wore sugar-loaf caps of paper, illustrated with
flames, and diabolical figures of all sorts by way of emblem.
As I looked narrowly at these objects of religious gaze, with a compassion in
my heart which might have been construed criminal, had it run over from my eyes, I
fancied that the reverend Father Hilary and his companion brother Ambrose were
among those who figured in the sugar-loaf caps. They passed too near for me to be
deceived. What do I see? thought I inwardly: heaven, wearied out with the wicked
lives of these two scoundrels, has given them up to the justice of the Inquisition! My
whole frame trembled at the thought, and my spirits were scarcely equal to support me
from fainting. My connection with these knaves, the adventure at Xelva, all our
pranks in partnership rushed upon my memory, and I did not know how sufficiently to

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thank God for having preserved me from St Andrew's crosses and the painted devils
on the paper caps.
When the ceremony was over, I returned to the inn, with my heart sickening at
the dreadful sight; but painful impressions soon wear away, and I thought only of my
commission and its due accomplishment. I waited with impatience for play-time, as
the moment and scene of my commencing operations. On the opening of the doors I
repaired to the theatre, and took my seat next to a knight of Alcantara. We soon got
into chat. Sir, said I, the players here have been represented to me in very favourable
terms: may I give credit to general report? The company is not contemptible, replied
the knight: they have some first-rate performers; among the rest, the peerless Lucretia,
an actress of fourteen, who will astonish you: and she plays one of her best parts to-
night.
On the drawing up of the curtain, two actresses came on, with every advantage
of dress and stage effect: but neither of them could possibly be the object of my
search. At length Lucretia made her appearance at the back scene, and walked
forwards amidst a thunder of applause. Ah! this is she, indeed! thought I! and a
delicate specimen of loveliness, as I am a sinner! In her very first speech she proved
herself a child of nature, with energy and conception far above her years; and the
approbation of a provincial audience was confirmed by my metropolitan judgment.
The knight was happy to find I liked her, and assured me that if I had heard her sing,
my ears might have rejoiced to the sorrow of my heart. Her dancing, too, he
represented as not less formidable to the free will of lordly man. I inquired what
youth, blessed as the immortal gods, had the exquisite happiness of bringing himself
to beggary for so sweet a girl. She is under no avowed protection, said he; and scandal
has not coupled her name with private licence; but Lucretia must take care of herself,
for she is under the wing of her aunt Estella; and there is not an actress in the
company so warmly fledged for hatching the tender passions into life.
At the name of Estella, I inquired with some eagerness who she was. One of
our best performers, said my informant. She does not play to-night, to our great loss,
for her cast is that of abigails, and she humours them to perfection. A little too broad,
perhaps, but that is a fault on the right side. From the features of the description, there
could be no doubt but this must be Laura; that lady so notorious in these memoirs,
whom I left at Grenada.
To make assurance doubly sure, I went behind the scenes after the play. There
she was, in the green-room, flirting with some men of fashion, who probably endured
the aunt for the sake of the niece. I came up to pay my devotions; but whim, or
perhaps revenge for my cutting and running from Grenada, determined her to put on
the stranger, and receive my compliments with so discouraging a coldness, as to throw
me into some little confusion. Instead of laughing it off, I was fool enough to be
angry, and withdrew in a choleric determination to return next day. Laura shall smart
for this! said I; her niece shall not appear at court; I will tell the minister that she
dances like a she bear, has formed her bravura between the scream of a pea-hen and
the cackle of a goose, acts like a puppet, and comprehends like an idiot.
Such was my scheme of revenge, but it proved abortive. Just as I was going
out of town, a footboy brought me the following note: "Forget and forgive, and follow
the bearer." I obeyed, and found Laura at her dressing-table in very elegant
apartments near the theatre.
She rose to welcome me, saying: Signor Gil Blas, you have every reason to be
offended at your reception behind the scenes, which was out of character between
such old friends, but I really was most abominably disconcerted. Just as you came up,

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one of our gentlemen had brought me some scandalous stories about my niece, whose
honour has always been dearer to me than my own. On coming to myself, I
immediately sent my servant to find you out, with the intention of making you amends
to-day. You have done so already, my dear Laura, said I, let us therefore talk over old
times. You may remember that I left you in a very ticklish predicament, when
conscience and the fear of punishment drove me so precipitately from Grenada. How
did you get off with your Portuguese lover? Easily enough, answered Laura: do not
you know that in those cases men are mere fools, and acquit us women without even
calling for our defence?
I faced the Marquis of Marialva out, that you were my very brother, and drew
upon my impudence for the support of my credit. Do you not see, said I to my
Portuguese dupe, that this is all the contrivance of jealousy and rage? My rival,
Narcissa, infuriated at my possession of a heart which she had vainly attempted to
gain, has bribed the candle-snuffer to assert that he has seen me as Arsenia's waiting-
woman at Madrid. It is an abominable falsehood; the widow of Don Antonio Coello
has always been too high in her notions, to be the hanger-on of a theatrical mistress.
Besides, what completely disproves the whole allegation, is my brother's precipitate
retreat: if he were here, it would be a subject of evidence; but Narcissa must have
devised some stratagem to get him out of the way.
These reasons, continued Laura, were not the most convincing in the world,
but they did very well for the marquis; and that good, easy nobleman continued his
confidence till his return to Portugal. This happened soon after your departure; and
Zapata's wife had the pleasure of seeing me lose what she could not win. After this, I
stayed some years longer at Grenada, till the company was broken up in consequence
of some squabbles, which will take place in mimic as well as in real life: some went to
Seville, others to Cordova; and I came to Toledo, where I have been for these ten
years with my niece Lucretia, whose performance you must have seen last night
This was too much to be taken gravely. Laura inquired why I laughed. Can
that be a question? said I. You have neither brother nor sister, one or other of which is
a necessary ingredient in an aunt. Besides, when I calculate in my mind the lapse of
time since our last separation, and compare that period with the age of your niece, it is
more than possible that your relationship may be in a nearer degree of kin.
I understand you, replied Don Antonio's widow, with something like a moral
tinge of red in her cheek; you are an accurate chronologist! There is no garbling facts
in defiance of your memory. Well, then! Lucretia is my daughter by the Marquis of
Marialva: it was extremely wrong, but I cannot conceal it from you. The confession
must indeed be a shock to your modesty, said I, after telling me yourself what pranks
you played with the hospital steward at Zamora. I must tell you moreover that
Lucretia is an article of so superior a quality as to render you a public benefactor by
having thrown her into the market. It were to be wished that the stolen embraces of all
your fraternity might be blessed with fruitfulness, if they could secure to themselves a
patent for breeding after your sample.
Should any sarcastic reader, comparing this passage with some circumstances
related while I was the marquis's secretary, suspect me of being entitled to dispute the
honours of paternity with that nobleman, I blush to say, that my claims are entirely out
of the question.
I laid open my principal adventures to Laura in my turn, as well as the present
state of my affairs. She listened with interest, and said: Friend Santillane, you seem to
play a principal part on the stage of the world, and I congratulate you most heartily.
Should Lucretia be engaged at Madrid, I flatter myself she will find a powerful

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protector in Signor de Santillane. Doubt it not, answered I: your daughter may have
her engagement whenever you please; I can promise you that, without presuming too
much on my interest. I take you at your word, replied Laura, and would set out to-
morrow, were I not under articles to this company. An order from court will cut the
knot of any articles, rejoined I; and that I take upon myself: you shall have it within a
week. It is an act of chivalry to rescue Lucretia from Toledo: such a pretty little
actress belongs to the royal court, as parcel of the manor.
Lucretia came into the room just as I was talking of her. The goddess Hebe
herself never looked better in her best days: it was nature in the bud, exhaling the
sweets of her earliest bloom, but promising a more luxuriant waste of treasure. She
was just up; and her natural beauty, without the aid of art, communicated the most
rapturous sensations. Come, niece; said her mother, thank the gentleman for all his
kindness to us: he is an old friend of mine, who ranks high at court, and undertakes to
get us both an engagement at the theatre royal. The little girl seemed to be much
pleased, and made me a low curtsey, saying with an enchanting smile: I most humbly
thank you for your obliging intention; but, by taking me from a partial audience, are
you certain that I shall not be looked down upon by that of Madrid? I may but lose by
the exchange. I remember hearing my aunt say, that she has seen players most
favourably received in one town, and hissed off the stage in another; this absolutely
frightens me; beware therefore of exposing me to the derision of the court, and
yourself to its reproaches. Lovely Lucretia, answered I, we have neither of us
anything to fear; I am rather apprehensive lest, by the havoc you will make among
hearts, you should excite rivalships and kindle discord among the courtiers. My
niece's fears, said Laura, are better founded than yours; but I hope they will both
prove vain: however feeble may be Lucretia's charms of person, her talents as an
actress are at least above mediocrity.
We continued the conversation for some time: and I could gather, from
Lucretia's share in it, that she was a girl of superior talents. On taking leave, I assured
them that they should immediately receive a summons to Madrid.

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CH. II. -- Santillane makes his report to the minister, who commissions him to
send for Lucretia. The first appearance of that actress before the court.
ON my return, I found my lord duke impatient to be informed of my success.
Have you seen her? said he: is she worth transplanting? My lord, answered I, fame,
which generally runs beyond all discretion in its report of beauty, has erred on the side
of parsimony in its estimate of the matchless young Lucretia; she is all that youthful
poets fancy when they feign, for personal attractions, and all that veteran managers
seek when they sign articles, in scenic qualifications.
Is it possible? exclaimed the minister with a satisfaction which involuntarily
peeped out at his eyes, and made me think he had some selfish hankerings after the
article of my marketing at Toledo; is it possible? and is she really so charming a
creature? When you see her, replied I, you will own that any verbal picture of her
perfections must be altogether inadequate to their due description. His excellency then
requiring a minute account of my journey, I gave him all the particulars, not excepting
Laura's story, and Lucretia's parentage. His lordship was delighted at the latter
circumstance, and enjoined me, with a cordial compliment on my skill in such delicate
negotiations, to finish as auspiciously as I had begun my undertaking.
I went to look for Carnero, and told him that it was his excellency's pleasure
he should make out an order for the admission of Estella and Lucretia, actresses from
the Toledo theatre, into his majesty's company. Say you so, Signor de Santillane?
answered Carnero with a sarcastic leer; you shall not be kept long in suspense, since
you take so marked an interest in the fortunes of these two ladies. He expedited the
order in my presence, and within a week the mother and daughter sent me notice of
their arrival. I immediately hastened to their lodging near the theatre, and after an
interchange of thanks on their part, and assurances of continued support on mine, left
them with my best wishes for a bnlliant career of success.
Their names were announced in the bills as two new actresses, engaged by the
special mandate of the court. They made their first appearance in a play, which they
had been accustomed to perform in at Toledo with loud and unanimous applause.
Novelty is the very life and soul of theatrical entertainments. The house was
uncommonly crowded, and I of course was among the audience. I was rather
frightened before the curtain drew up. Prejudiced as I was in favour of the candidates,
my alarm was in proportion to my interest. But when once they were fairly on the
boards, the din of welcome quieted all my apprehensions. Estella was considered as a
first-rate actress in comic parts, and Lucretia as a female Roscius in heroines and
love-sick damsels. But the love which she feigned herself, she really kindled in the
hearts of the spectators. Some admired the beauty of her eyes, others were touched
with the plaintive sweetness of her voice, and all, bowing to the triumph of youth,
vivacity, and elegance, went away in raptures with her person.
My lord duke, who took an uncommon interest in this theatrical event, was at
the play that evening. I saw him leave his box at the end of the piece, with evident
approbation of our new performers. Curious to know whether they equalled his
expectations, I followed him home, and into his closet, saying: Well, my lord, is your
excellency well pleased with little Marialva? My excellency, answered he with a sly
smile, must be very difficult to be pleased, not to confirm the public voice: yes,
indeed, my good friend, I am enraptured with your Lucretia, and firmly believe that
the king will not see her without emotion.

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CH. III. -- Lucretia's popularity; her appearance before the king; his passion,
and its consequences.
GREAT was the noise about the court on this double acquisition to the theatre;
it became the topic of conversation next day at the king's levee. The young Lucretia
was most in the mouths of the nobility, who described her so feelingly, that his
majesty could not but imbibe the impression, though he was too politic to express his
interest either in words or by looks.
To make amends for that restraint, he questioned the minister as soon as he
was alone with him, who stated the success of a young actress from Toledo on the
evening before. Her name, added he, is Lucretia; and it is really a pity that ladies of
her profession should ever have been christened by any less chaste appellative. She is
an acquaintance of Santillane, who spoke so highly of her, that I thought it right to
engage her for your majesty's company. The king smiled at the mention of my name,
recollecting, perhaps, through what channel he became acquainted with Catalina, and
foreboding a like assistance on the present occasion. Count, said he to the minister, I
mean to see this Lucretia act to-morrow, and will thank you to let her know it.
I was of course sent with this intelligence to the two actresses. Great news!
said I to Laura, whom I saw first: you will have the sovereign of the Spanish
monarchy among your audience to-morrow, as the minister has desired me to inform
you. I cannot doubt but you will both of you do your best to prove yourselves worthy
of a royal command; but I would advise you to choose a piece with music and
dancing, that all Lucretia's accomplishments may be displayed at one view. We will
take your counsel, answered Laura, and it shall not be our faults if his majesty is
disappointed. That can scarcely happen, said I, seeing Lucretia come into the room in
an undress, which shewed her person to more advantage than all the wardrobe of the
theatre: he will be the more delighted with your lovely niece, because dancing and
music are his principal pleasures: he may even be tempted to throw her the
handkerchief. I do not at all wish, replied Laura, that he should be that way inclined;
all-powerful monarch as he is, he might not find the accomplishment of his desires so
easy. Lucretia, though brought up behind the scenes, is not without virtuous
principles; whatever pleasure she may take in applause and professional reputation,
she had much rather preserve the character of a good girl, than establish that of a great
actress.
Aunt, said little Marialva, joining in the conversation, why conjure up
monsters only to lay them again? I shall never be at a loss to repel the king's advances,
because his taste is too refined to stoop so low. But, charming Lucretia, said I, if such
a thing should happen, would you be cruel enough to let him languish like a common
lover? Why not? answered she. Setting virtue aside, my vanity would he more
flattered by my own resistance than by the tribute of his affection. I was not a little
surprised to hear a pupil of Laura's school talk so properly, and to find that with so
free an education she imbibed such unusual principles of morality.
The king, impatient to see Lucretia, went to the play next evening. The piece
was got up with music and dancing, to shew our young actress off to the best
advantage. My eyes were fixed on his majesty; but he completely eluded my
penetration by an obstinate gravity. On the following day, the minister said:
Santillane, I have just been with the king, who has been talking about Lucretia, with
so much animation, that I doubt not but he is smitten: and, as I told him that you had
sent for her from Toledo, he expressed a wish to confer with you in private on the

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subject: orders are given for your admittance; run, and bring me back an account of
what passes.
I flew to the palace, and found the king alone. He was walking up and down,
in much apparent perplexity. He put several questions to me about Lucretia, made me
relate her history, and then asked whether the little jade had not been tampering with
chastity already. I boldly assured him to the contrary, though such pledges were
somewhat hazardous in general; but mine was taken, and gave the prince much
pleasure. If so, replied he, I select you for my agent with Lucretia; let her become
acquainted with her triumph from your lips. He then put a box of jewels into my hand,
worth fifty thousand crowns, with a message begging her acceptance of them, and
promising more substantial proofs of his affection.
Before I went on my errand, I reported progress to my lord duke. That
minister, I thought, would be more vexed than rejoiced at it; supposing that he had his
own views of gallantry towards Lucretia, and would learn with regret the rivalship of
his master; but I was mistaken. Far from appearing chagrined, his joy was so
excessive, that it would ooze out at his tongue, in words which were not quite lost on
the hearer. "Indeed, friend Philip! then I have you in my clutches: while your
pleasures lead you, your business must be left to me!" This side speech explained to
me the plot; an amorous prince, and a long-headed minister! My orders were to
execute my commission as speedily as possible, with the assurance that the first lord
in the land would be proud to stand in my shoes. Besides, there was no pimp of rank,
as in the former case, to seize the profit and leave the infamy with me; the honour and
emolument were now exclusively my own.
Thus did his excellency relish the ingredients of pandarism to my palate; and I
tasted them with the greediness, but not without the qualms of an epicure; for since
my imprisonment I had become regenerate, and did not take pride in dirty work,
because my employer washed his hands in perfumed water. But though conscience
was awake, interest was not asleep. I was no longer a villain for the fun of it; but my
compliance would confirm my footing with the minister, and him it was my duty, at
all events, to please.
My first appeal was to Laura in private. I opened the negotiation delicately,
and presented my credentials in the form of the jewel-box. The lady was thrown off
her guard by the display. Signor Gil Blas, cried she, you are one of my oldest friends,
and I must not play the hypocrite: strait-laced morals are inconsistent with the
discipline of my sect. Nothing can be more delightful to me than a conquest, which
throws such a game into our hands. But, between ourselves, I am afraid Lucretia is not
so enlightened as we are; though a daughter of Thalia, she has taken the better-
behaved goddesses for her school-mistresses, and given a rebuff to two young
noblemen of amiable manners and large fortunes. They were not kings, you will say,
and truly we may hope that Lucretia's virtue will be too undisciplined to stand a royal
siege; but you must remember the event is hazardous, and I shall not interpose my
authority to compel her. If, far from thinking herself honoured by the fleeting passion
of the king, she should revolt from his advances with disdain, let not our illustrious
sovereign be offended at her reserve. But do you come back hither to-morrow, and
carry back either the jewels, or a return of affection.
I had no doubt but Laura would tutor Lucretia in the school of time-serving
morality, and depended much on her instruction. It was therefore no small surprise to
find that Laura worked as much against wind and tide to launch her daughter into the
trade-wind of evil, as other maternal pilots to set the sails of theirs in the contrary
monsoon of good; and what is still more unaccountable, Lucretia, after tasting of royal

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delights, was so completely surfeited with the banquet as to throw herself at once into
the arms of the church, where she professed, fell sick, and died of grief. Laura,
disconsolate for the loss of her daughter, and the part she herself had acted in the
tragedy, retired into a convent of female penitents, and did penance for the
unhallowed pleasures of her former life. The king was affected by his sudden loss, but
soon found comfort in some other pursuit. The premier talked little on the subject, but
thought so much the more, as the reader will easily believe.

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CH. IV. -- Santillane in a new office.

MY feelings were all alive to Lucretia's ill fate, and my own infamy in having
contributed to it. The royal wants of the lover were no excuse for my taking the post
of cheapener, and I determined to resign the staff of office in that department,
entreating the minister to employ me in some other. He was charmed with my nice
sense of honour, and promised to comply with my scruples, laying open his inmost
heart in the following speech.
Some years before I was in office, chance threw me across a lady of such
shape and beauty as induced me to trace her home. I learned that she was a Genoese,
by name Donna Margarita Spinola, supporting herself at Madrid on the income arising
from her beauty. It was reported that Don Francisco de Valéasar, an officer about the
court, a rich man, an old man, and a married man, laid out his money very freely on
this hazardous speculation. These rumours ought to have deterred me; but they only
whetted my desires to share with Valéasar. To gain my end, I had recourse to a female
broker of tenderness, who adjusted the terms of a private interview with the Genoese;
and the price current being settled, the traffic was frequently repeated; it was an open
market for my rival and me, or possibly for many other bidders.
Let that be as it may, a choice boy was in the fulness of time produced to the
club, and the mother complimented every member individually in private with the
credit: but we were each of us too modest to acknowledge a bantling which had so
probable a claim upon a better father; so that the Genoese was compelled to maintain
him on the profits of her profession: this she did for eighteen years, and dying at the
end of that period, has left her son without a farthing, and what is worse, without an
idea or an accomplishment.
Such, continued his lordship, is the confidence I meant to repose in you, and I
shall now lay open the great design I have formed, to draw this unfortunate child from
his obscurity, reverse the colour of his fate, raise him to the highest honours, and
acknowledge him as my son.
At so extravagant a project it was impossible not to be open- mouthed. What,
sir, exclaimed I, can your excellency have adopted so strange a resolution! Excuse my
freedom; but my zeal cannot restrain itself. You will be of my mind, replied he with
eagerness, when I shall have explained to you my motives. I have no mind that my
estates should descend in the collateral line. You will tell me, that I am not so old as
to despair of having children by Madame d'Olivarez. But every one is best judge of
his own condition: know therefore that there is not a receipt in the whole extent of
chemistry which I have not tried, but without effect, to appear once again in the
character of a father. Wherefore, since fortune, stepping in to cover the defects of
nature, presents me with a child whose parent after all I may actually be, he is mine by
adoption; that is a settled point.
When I found the minister determined, I no longer argued against his
resolution, as knowing him to be a man who would rather do a foolish act of his own,
than adopt a wise suggestion of another. It only remains now, added he, to educate
Don Henry Philip de Guzman; for by that name I intend him to be known in the
world, till the time arrives when he may aspire to higher dignities. You, my dear
Santillane, I have chosen to superintend his conduct: I have full confidence in your
talents and friendship, to regulate his household, direct his studies, and make him an
accomplished gentleman. I would willingly have declined the office, as never having
exercised the craft of a pedagogue, which required much more genius and solidity
than mine; but he shut my mouth by saying it was his absolute determination that I

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should be tutor to this adopted son, whom he designed for the first offices of the
monarchy. As a bribe for my compliance, his lordship increased my little income with
a pension of a thousand crowns on the commandery of Mambra.

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CH. V. -- The son of the Genoese is acknowledged by a legal instrument, and

named Don Henry Philip de Guzman. Santillane establishes his household, and
arranges the course of his studies.
THE act of adoption was soon legalized with the king's consent and good
pleasure. Don Henry Philip de Guzman, as this descendant from a committee of
fathers was named, became acknowledged successor to the earldom of Olivarez and
the duchy of San Lucar. The minister, to give the act all possible publicity,
communicated it through Carnero to the ambassadors and grandees of Spain, who
were somewhat startled. The jokers of Madrid were not insensible to the ridicule, and
the satirical poets made their harvest of so fine a subject for their pen.
I asked my lord duke where my pupil was. Here in town, answered he, with an
aunt from whom I shall remove him as soon as you have got a house ready. This I did
immediately, and furnished it magnificently. When my establishment was complete in
servants and officers, his excellency sent for this equivocal production, this spurious
offset from the renowned stock of the Guzmans. The lad was tall and personable. Don
Henry, said his lordship, pointing to me, this gentleman is to be your tutor and
introduce you into the world; he has my entire confidence, and an unlimited authority
over you. After much good advice, and many compliments to me, the minister retired,
and I took Don Henry home.
As soon as we got thither, I introduced him to his household, and explained
the nature of each individual's employment. He did not seem at all disconcerted at the
change of circumstances, but received the obeisances of his dependants as if he had
been a lord by nature, and not by chance. He was not without mother-wit, but ignorant
in a deplorable degree; he could scarcely read and write. I gave him masters for the
Latin grammar, geography, history, and fencing. A dancing-master of course was not
forgotten; but in an affair of the first consequence, selection was difficult, for there
were more eminent professors of that art in Madrid than of all the languages and
sciences put together.
While I was pondering on this difficulty, a man gaudily dressed came into the
court-yard and inquired for me. I went down, supposing him to be at least a knight of
some military or privileged order. Signor de Santillane, said he, with a profusion of
bows which anticipated his line in life, I am come to offer you my services as Don
Henry's governor. My name is Martin Ligero, and I have, thank heaven, some
reputation in the world. I have no occasion to canvass for scholars; that is all very well
for petty dancing-masters! My custom is to wait till I am sent for; but being a sort of
appendage to the house of Guzman, and having taught its various branches for a long
period, I thought it a point of respect to wait on you first. I perceive, answered I, that
you are just the man we want What are your terms? Four double pistoles a month,
answered he, and I give but two lessons a week. Four doubloons a month! cried I, that
is an exorbitant price. Exorbitant! rejoined he with astonishment; why, it is not more
than eight times as much as you would give to a mathematical master or a Greek
professor.
There was no resisting so ludicrous a comparison of merit; I laughed out right,
and asked Signor Ligero whether he really thought his talents worth more than those
of the first proficients in learning and science. Most assuredly, said he; at least, if you
measure our pretensions by their respective utility. What sort of machines may those
be which are fashioned under their hands? Jointless puppets, unlicked cubs, open-
mouthed and impenetrable shell-fish; but our lessons supple and render pliant the
intractable stiffness of their component parts, and bring them insensibly into shape: in

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short, we communicate to them a graceful motion, a polite address, the carriage of

good company, and the outward marks of elevated rank.
I could not but give way to such cogent arguments in favour of the dancing-
master's occupation, and engaged him about Dun Henry's person without haggling as
to terms, since those specified were only at the rate established by the leading
professors of the art.

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 ALAIN-RENÉ LESAGE

CH. VI. -- Scipio's return from New Spain. Gil Blas places him about Don
Henry's person. That young nobleman's course of study. His career of honour,
and his father's matrimonial speculation on his behalf. A patent of nobility
conferred on Gil Blas against his will.
I HAD not yet half arranged Don Henry's household, when Scipio returned
from Mexico. He brought with him three thousand ducats in cash, and merchandise to
double the amount. I wish you joy, said I; the foundation of your fortune is laid; and if
you prefer a snug berth at Madrid to the risk of going back, you have only to tell me
so. There is no question about that, said the son of Coselina: a genteel situation at
home is far preferable to a second voyage.
After relating the birth and adventures of the little adopted Guzman, and my
own appointment as tutor, I offered him the situation of upper servant to this babe of
chance: Scipio, who could have devised nothing better for himself, readily accepted
the office, and within the small space of three or four days got the length of his new
master's foot.
I had taken it for granted that that the verb-grinders and concord-
manufacturers to whom I had given the plant of this Genoese bastard would lose stock
and block, under the idea that he was of an intractable and profitless age; but my
forebodings were completely reversed. He not only comprehended, but easily retained
the lessons of his masters, and they were very well satisfied with him. I was in an
enormous hurry to greet the ears of my lord duke with this intelligence, and he
received, it with abundant joy. Santillane, exclaimed he with delight, you give me new
life by the assurance of Don Henry's capacity and application: it runs in the blood of
the Guzmans; and I am the more confirmed in his being unquestionably my own,
because I am just as fond of him as if Madame d' Olivarez herself had lain in of the
brat in due form under this very roof. The voice of nature, you perceive, will make
itself heard. I thought it unnecessary to give his lordship any opinion on that subject;
but with a delicate deference to his credulity, left him to enjoy his fancied paternity in
peace, whether well or ill founded.
Though all the Guzmans held this clod of newly turned up nobility in utter
scorn, they were politic enough to smooth over the corrugations of their contempt;
nay, some of them even affected to languish for his good opinion: the ambassadors
and principal nobility then at Madrid waited on him, with all the ceremony
appertaining to the rank of a legitimate son. The minister, intoxicated with the fumes
of incense offered to his idol, began to build a temple worthy of the worship. The
cross of Alcantara was the foundation, with a commandery of ten thousand crowns.
The next step was to a high office in the royal household, and the completion of the
whole was matrimony. Wishing to connect him with a family of the first rank, he
picked out Donna Johanna de Velasco, daughter to the Duke of Castile, and had
influence enough to accomplish the alliance, though against the will of the duke and
of all his kindred.
Some days before the nuptial ceremony, his lordship put some papers into my
hand, saying: Here, Gil Blas, is a patent of nobility which I have procured as the
reward of your services. My lord, answered I, in much astonishment, your excellency
knows very well that I am the son of an usher and a duenna: it would be caricaturing
the peerage to confer it on me; and besides, of all the boons in his majesty's power to
bestow, it is that which I deserve and desire the least. Your birth, replied the minister,
is a slight objection. You have been employed on affairs of state under the Duke of
Lerma's administration and under mine: besides, added he with a smile, have you not

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rendered some things to Caesar, which Caesar is bound, on the honour of a prince, to
render back in another shape? To deal candidly, Santillane, you will make just as
good a lord as the best of them; nay, more than that, your high office about my son is
incompatible with plebeian rank, and therefore have I procured you to be created.
Since your excellency will have it so, replied I, there is no more to be said. So, saying
no more, I put my new-blown honours in my pocket, and walked off.
Now can I make any Joan a lady! said I to myself when I had got into the
street: but it was not the handy-work of my parents that made me a gentle man. I may
add a foot of honour to my name whenever I please; and if any of my acquaintance
should snuff or snigger when they call me Don, I may suck my teeth, lean upon my
elbow, and draw out my credentials of heraldry. But let us see what they contain; and
how the corporeal particles, which have accrued during my artificial contact with the
court, are distinguished by genealogical metaphysics from the native clay of my
original extraction. The instrument ran thus in substance: That the king in
acknowledgment of my zeal in more than one instance for his service and the good of
the state, had been graciously pleased to confer this mark of distinction on me. I may
safely say that the recollection of the act for which I was promoted effectually kept
down my pride. Neither did the bashfulness of low birth ever forsake me; so that
nobility to me was like a hair shirt to a penitent: I determined therefore to lock up the
evidences of my shame in a private drawer, instead of blazoning them to dazzle the
eyes of the foolish and corrupt.

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CH. VII. -- An accidental meeting between Gil Blas and Fabricio. Their last
conversation together, and a word to the wise from Nunez.
THE poet of the Asturias, as the reader, if he thought of him, may have
remarked, was very negligent in his intercourse with me. It was not to be expected,
that my employments would leave me time to go and look after him. I had not seen
him since the critical discussion touching the Iphigenia of Euripides, when chance
threw me across him, as he came out of a printing-house. I accosted him, saying: So!
so! Master Nunez, you have got among the printers: this looks as if we were
threatened with some new production.
You may indeed prepare yourselves for such an event, answered he: I have a
pamphlet just ready for publication which is likely to make some noise in the literary
world. There can be no question about its merit, replied I: but I cannot conceive why
you waste your time in writing pamphlets: it should seem as if such squibs and
rockets were scarcely worth the powder expended in their manufacture. It is very true,
rejoined Fabricio: and I am well aware that none but the most vulgar gazers are caught
by such holiday fire-works: however, this single one has escaped me, and I must own
that it is a child of necessity. Hunger, as you know, will bring the wolf out of the
forest.
What! exclaimed I, is it the author of the "Count of Saldagna" who holds this
language? A man with an annuity of two thousand crowns? Gently, my friend,
interrupted Nunez: I am no longer a pensioned poet. The affairs of the treasurer Don
Bertrand are all at sixes and sevens: he has been at the gaming table, and played with
the public money: an extent has issued, and my rent-charge is gone post-haste to the
devil. That is a sad affair, said I: but may not matters come round again in that
quarter? No chance of it, answered he: Signor Gomez Del Ribero, in plight as
destitute as that of his poor bard, is sunk for ever; nor can he, as they say, by any
possible contrivance be set afloat again.
In that case, my good friend, replied I, we must look out for some post which
may make you amends for the loss of your annuity. I will ease your con science on
that score, said he: though you should offer me the wealth of the Indies as a salary in
one of your offices, I would reject the boon: clerkships are no object to a partner in
the firm of the Muses; a literary berth, or absolute starvation for your humble servant!
If you must have it plump, I was born to live and die a poet, and the man whose
destiny is hanging, will never be drowned.
But do not suppose, continued he, that we are altogether forlorn and destitute:
besides that we accommodate the requisites of independence to our finances, we do
not look far beyond our noses in calculating the avenge of our fortunes. It is
insinuated that we often dine with the most abstemious orders of the religious; but our
sanctity in this particular is too credulously imputed. There is not one of my brother
wits, without excepting the calculators of almanacs, who has not a plate laid for him at
some substantial table: for my own part, I have the run of two good houses. To the
master of one I have dedicated a romance; and he is the first commissioner of taxes
who was ever associated with the Muses: the other is a rich tradesman in Madrid,
whose lust is to get wits about him; he is not nice in his choice, and this town
furnishes abundance to those who value wit more by quantity than quality.
Then I no longer feel for you, said I to the poet of the Asturias, since you are
satisfied in your condition. But be that as it may, I assure you once more, that you
have a friend in Gil Blas, however you may slight him: if you want my purse, come

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and take it: it will not fail you at a pinch; and you must not stand between me and my
sincere friendship.
By that burst of sentiment, exclaimed Nunez, I know and thank my friend
Santillane: in return, let me give you a salutary caution. While my lord duke is in his
meridian, and you are all in all with him, reap, bind, and gather is your harvest: when
the sun sets, the gleaners are sent home. I asked Fabricio whether his suspicions were
surely founded; and he returned me this answer. My information comes from an old
knight of Calatrava, who pokes his nose into secrets of all sorts; his authority passes
current at Madrid, much as that of the Pythian newsmongers did through Greece; and
thus his oracle was pronounced in my hearing: My lord duke has a host of enemies in
battle-array against him; he reckons too securely upon his influence with the king; for
his majesty, as the report goes, begins to take in hostile representations with patience.
I thanked Nunez for his friendly warning, but without much faith in his prediction: my
master's authority seemed rooted in the court, like the tempest-scoffing firmness of an
oak in the native soil of the forest.

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CH.. VIII. -- Gil Blas finds that Fabricio's hint was not without foundation. The
king's journey to Saragossa.
THE poet of the Asturias was no bad politician. There was a court plot against
the duke, with the queen at the bottom; but their plans were too deeply laid to bubble
at the surface. During the space of a whole year, my simplicity was insensible to the
brewing of the tempest.
The revolt of the Catalans, with France at their back, and the ill success of the
war for their suppression, excited the murmurs of the people, and whetted their
tongues against government. A council was held in the royal presence, and the
Marquis de Grana, the emperor's ambassador, was specially requested to assist. The
subject in debate was whether the king should remain in Castile, or go and take the
command of his troops in Arragon. The minister spoke first, and gave it as his opinion
that his majesty should not quit the seat of government All the members supported his
arguments, with the exception of the Marquis de Grana, whose whole heart was with
the house of Austria, and the sentiments of his soul on the tip of his tongue, after the
homely honesty of his nation. He argued so forcibly against the minister, that the king
embraced his opinion from conviction, though contrary to the vote of council, and
fixed the day when he would set out for the army.
This was the first time that ever the sovereign had differed from his favourite,
and the latter considered it as an inexpiable affront. Just as the minister was
withdrawing to his closet, there to bite upon the bridle, he espied me, called me in;
and told me with much discomposure what had passed in debate: Yes, Santillane,
observed he, the king, who for the last twenty years has spoken only through my
mouth, and seen with my eyes, is now to be wheedled over by Grana; and that on the
score of zeal for the house of Austria, as if that German had a more Austrian soul in
his body than myself.
Hence it is easy to perceive, continued the minister, that there is a strong party
against me, with the queen at the head. Heaven forbid it, said I. Has not the queen for
upwards of twelve years been accustomed to your paramount authority, and have you
not taught the king the knack of not consulting her? The desire of making a campaign
may for once have enlisted his majesty on the side of the Marquis de Grana. Say
rather that the king, argued my lord duke, will be surrounded by his principal officers
when in camp; and then the disaffected will find their opportunity for poisoning him
against my administration. But they overreach themselves; for I shall completely
insulate the prince from all their approaches; and so he did, in a manner which, for
example, deserves not to be passed over.
The day of the king's departure being arrived, the monarch, leaving the queen
regent, proceeded for Saragossa by way of Aranjuez; a delightful residence, where he
whiled away three weeks. Cuença was the next stage, where the minister detained him
still longer by a succession of amusements. A hunting party was contrived at Molina
in Arragon, and hence there was no choice of road but to Saragossa. The army was
near at hand, and the king was preparing to review it: but his keeper sickened him of
the project, by making him believe that he would be taken by the French, who were in
force in the neighbourhood; so that he was cowed by a groundless apprehension, and
consented to be a prisoner in his own court. The minister, from an affectionate regard
to his safety, secluded him from all approach: so that the principal nobility, who had
equipped themselves at enormous charges to be about his person, could not even
procure an occasional audience. Philip, weary of bad lodgings and worse recreation at

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Saragossa, and perhaps feeling himself scarcely his own master, soon returned to
Madrid. Thus ended the royal campaign, and the care of maintaining the honour of the
Spanish colours was left to the Marquis de los Velez, commander-in-chief.

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CH. IX. -- The revolution of Portugal, and disgrace of the prime minister.
A FEW days after the king's return, an alarming report prevailed at Madrid,
that the Portuguese, considering the Catalan revolt as an opportunity offered them by
fortune for throwing off the Spanish yoke, had taken arms, and chosen the Duke of
Braganza for their king, with a full determination of supporting him on the throne. In
this they conceived that they did not reckon without their host; because Spain was
then embroiled in Germany, Italy, Flanders, and Catalonia. They could not in fact
have hit upon a crisis more favourable for their deliverance from so galling a yoke.
It was a strange circumstance, that while both court and city were struck with
consternation at the news, my lord duke attempted to joke with the king, and make the
Duke of Braganza his butt; Philip, however, far from falling in with this ill- timed
pleasantry, assumed a serious air, of ill omen to the minister, who felt his seat to totter
under him. The queen was now his declared enemy, and openly accused him of
having caused the revolt of Portugal by his misconduct. The nobility in general, and
especially those who had been at Saragossa, when they saw a cloud gathering about
the minister, joined the queen's party: but the decisive blow was the return of the
duchess dowager of Mantua from her government of Portugal to Madrid; for she
proved clearly to the king's conviction that the counsels of his own cabinet produced
the revolution. *[see note at end of chapter]
His majesty, deeply impressed with what he had heard, was now completely
recovered from every symptom of partiality towards his favourite. The minister,
finding that his enemies were in possession of the royal ear, wrote for permission to
resign his employments, and retire from court, since all the political mischances of the
time were ascribed to his personal delinquency. He expected a letter like this to
produce a wonderful effect, reckoning as be did upon the prince's private friendship,
which could scarcely brook a separation: but his majesty's answer undeceived him, by
laconically complying with his ostensible wish to withdraw.
Such a sentence of banishment in the king's own hand-writing came like a
thunder-storm in harvest; but though destruction to his long-cherished hopes, he
affected the serene look of constancy, and asked me what I would do in his
circumstances. I would drive before the wind, said I; renounce the ungrateful court,
and pass the remainder of my days in peace on my own estate. You counsel wisely,
replied my master, and I shall set out for Loeches, there to finish my career, after one
more interview with his majesty: for I could wish just to convince him that I have
done what man can do to support the heavy load of state upon my shoulders, and that
it was not within the compass of possibility to prevent the unfortunate events which
are imputed to me as a crime. It were equally reasonable to charge the pilot with the
wrecking fury of the storm, and make him answerable for the uncontrolled power of
the elements. Thus did the minister inwardly flatter himself that he could set things to
rights again, and once more fix firm the seat which was shaking under him; but he
could not procure an audience, and was even commanded to resign his key of private
admission into his majesty's closet.
This last requisition convinced him that there was no hope; and he now made
up his mind in earnest for retirement. He looked over his papers, and had the prudence
to burn a good number, he then selected a small household for his retreat, and publicly
announced his departure for the next day. Apprehending insult from the mob, if the
time and manner of his setting out were public, he escaped early in the morning
through the kitchens out at the back door, got in to a shabby, hired carriage, with his
confessor and me, and reached in safety the road leading to Loeches, a village on his

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own estate, where his countess had founded a magnificent convent of Dominican
nuns.
*Note: At length his sovereign frowns -- the train of state Mark the keen
glance, and watch the sign to hate. "Johnson's Imitation of Juvenal's Tenth Satire."

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CH. X. -- A difficult, but successful, weaning from the world. The minister's
employments in his retreat.
MADAME D'OLIVAREZ stayed behind her husband some few days, with the
intention of trying what her tears and entreaties might do towards his recall; but in
vain did she prostrate herself before their majesties: the king paid not the least
attention to her pleadings and remonstrances, though artfully adapted for effect; and
the queen, who hated her mortally, took a savage pleasure in her tears. The minister's
lady, however, was not easily discouraged: she stooped so low as to solicit their good
offices from the ladies of the bed-chamber; but the fruit of all this meanness was only
the sad conviction that it excited more contempt than pity. Heart-broken at having
degraded herself by supplications so humiliating, and yet so unavailing, she departed
to her husband, and mourned with him the loss of a situation, which under a reign like
that of Philip the Fourth, was little short of sovereign power.
The accounts her ladyship brought from Madrid were wormwood to the duke.
Your enemies, said she, sobbing, with the Duke of Medina Coeli at their head, are
loud in the king's praises for your removal; and the people triumph in your disgrace
with an insolent joy, as if the cloud of adversity were to be dispelled by the breath
which dissolved your administration. Madam, said my master, follow my example;
suppress your discontent: we must drive before the storm, when we cannot weather it.
I did think, indeed, that my favour would only be eclipsed with the lamp of life: a
common illusion of ministers and favourites, who forget that they breathe but at the
good pleasure of their sovereign. Was not the Duke of Lerma as much mistaken as
myself, though fondly relying on his purple, as a pledge for the lasting tenure of his
authority?
Thus did my lord duke preach patience to the partner of his cares, while his
own bosom heaved under the direst pressure of anxiety. The frequent dispatches from
Don Henry, who was staying about the court to pick up information, kept him
continually on the fret. Scipio was the messenger; for he was still about the person of
that young nobleman, though I had relinquished my post on his marriage. Sometimes
we heard of changes in the inferior departments of office, solely for the purpose of
wreaking vengeance on his creatures, and filling up the vacancies with his enemies.
Then Don Lewis de Haro was represented as advancing in favour, and likely to be
made prime minister. But the most mortifying circumstance of all was the change in
the viceroyalty of Naples, which was taken from his friend, the Duke de Medina de
Las Torres, and bestowed on the High Admiral of Castile, who was his bitterest
enemy. For this there was no other motive but the pleasure of giving pain to a fallen
favourite.
For the first three months, his lordship gave himself up in his solitude a prey to
disappointment and regret: but his confessor, a holy and pious Dominican, supporting
his religious zeal with manly eloquence, succeeded in pouring the balm of consolation
into his soul. By continually representing to him, with apostolic energy, that his
eternal salvation was now the only object worth his care, he weaned him gradually
from the uses of this world. His excellency was no longer panting for news from
Madrid, but learning a new and important lesson, how to die. Madame d'Olivarez too,
making a virtue of necessity, sought refuge for herself in the maternal guardianship of
her convent, where Providence had reared up, for her edification in faith and good
works, a sisterhood of holy maidens, whose spiritual discourses fed her soul, as if with
manna in the wilderness. My master's peace within his own bosom advanced, as he
withdrew more backward from sublunary things. The employment of his day was thus

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laid out: almost the whole morning was devoted to religious duties, till dinner-time;
and after dinner, for about two hours, he played at different games with me and some
of his confidential domestics: be then generally retired alone into his closet till sunset,
when he walked round his garden, or rode out into the neighbourhood either with his
confessor or me.
One day when I was alone with him, and was particularly struck with his
apparent self-complacency, I took the liberty of congratulating his lordship on his
complete reconciliation to retirement. Use, however late acquired, is second nature,
answered he: for though I have all my life been accustomed to the bustle of business, I
assure you that I become every day more and more attached to this calm and peaceful
mode of life.

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CH. XI. -- A change in his lordship for the worse. The marvellous cause, and
melancholy consequences, of his dejection.
HIS excellency sometimes amused himself with gardening, by way of variety.
One day as I was watching his progress, he said jokingly: You see, Santillane, a fallen
minister can turn gardener at last. Nature will prevail, my lord, answered I. You plant
and water something useful at Loeches, while Dionysius of Syracuse whipped school-
boys at Corinth. My master was not displeased either with the comparison or the
compliment
We were all delighted at the castle to see our protector, rising above the cloud
of adversity, take pleasure in so novel a mode of life: but we soon perceived an
alarming change. He became gloomy, thoughtful, and melancholy. Our parties at play
were all given up, and no efforts could succeed to divert his mind. From dinner- time
till evening he never left his closet. We thought the dreams of vanished greatness had
returned to break his rest; and in this opinion the reverend Dominican gave the rein to
his eloquence; but it could not outstrip the course of that hypochondriac malady,
which triumphed over all opposition.
It seemed to me there was some deeper cause, which it behoved a sincere
friend to fathom. Taking advantage of our being alone together, My lord, said I, in a
tone of mingled respect and affection, whence is it that you are no longer so cheerful
as heretofore? Has your philosophy lost ground? or has the world recovered its
allurements? Surely you would not plunge again into that gulf, where your virtue must
inevitably be shipwrecked! No, heaven be praised! replied the minister: my part at
court has long faded from my memory, and its trappings from my eyes. Indeed! why
then, resumed I, since you have strength enough to banish false regrets, are you so
weak as to indulge a melancholy which alarms us all? What is the matter with you,
my dear master? continued I, falling at his knees: some secret sorrow preys upon you:
can you hide it from Santillane, whose zeal, discretion, and fidelity you have so often
experienced? Why am I so unhappy as to have lost your confidence?
You still possess it, said his lordship: but I must own, it is reluctantly that I
shall reveal the subject of my distress: yet the importunities of such a friend are
irresistible. To no one else could I impart so singular a confidence. Yes, I am the prey
of a morbid melancholy which eats inwardly into my vitals: a spectre haunts me every
moment, arrayed in the most terrific form of preternatural horror. In vain have I
argued with myself that it is a vision of the brain, an unreal mockery: its continual
presentments blast my sight, and unseat my reason. Though my understanding teaches
me, that in looking on this spectre I stare at vacancy, my spirits are too weak to derive
comfort from the conviction. Thus much have you extorted from me: now judge
whether the cause of my melancholy is fit to be divulged.
With equal grief and astonishment did I listen to the strange confession, which
implied a total derangement of the nervous system. This, my lord, said I, must
proceed from injudicious abstinence. So I thought at first, answered he; and to try the
experiment, I have been eating more than usual for some days past; but it is all to no
purpose, the phantom takes his stand as usual. It will vanish, said I, if your excellency
will only divert your mind by your accustomed relaxations with your household.
Company and gentle occupation are the best remedies for these affections of the
spirits.
In a short time after this conversation, his lordship became seriously
indisposed, and sent for two notaries from Madrid, to make his will. Three capital
physicians followed in their track, who had the reputation of curing their patients now

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and then. As soon as it was noised about the castle that these last undertakers were
arrived, the case was given up for lost; weeping and gnashing of teeth took place
universally, and the family mourning was ordered. They brought with them their usual
understrappers, an apothecary and a surgeon*. The notaries were suffered to earn their
fee first, after which death's notaries prepared to take a bond of the patient. They
practised in the school of Sangrado, and from their very first consultation, ordered
bleeding so frequently and freely, that in six days they brought his lordship to the
point of death, and on the seventh delivered him from the terror of his sprite.
After the minister's decease, a lively and sincere sorrow reigned in the castle
of Loeches. The whole household wept bitterly. Far from deriving consolation from
the certainty of being remembered in his will, there was not a dependent who would
not willingly have saved his life by the sacrifice of the legacy. As for me, whom he
most delighted in, attached to him as I was from disinterested friendship, my grief was
more acute than that of the rest. I question whether Antonia cost me more tears.
*Translator's Note: . . . . Behind him sneaks Another mortal, not unlike
himself, Of jargon full, with terms obscure o'ercharged, Apothecary call'd, whose
foetid hands With power mechanic, and with charms arcane, Apollo, god of medicine,
has endued. -- BRAMSTON.

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CH. XII. -- The proceedings at the Castle of Loeches after his lordship's death,
and the course which Santillane adopted.
THE minister, according to his last injunctions, was buried without pomp and
without procession in the convent, with a dirge of our lamentations. After the funeral,
Madame d' Olivarez called us together to hear the will read, with which the household
had good reason to be satisfied. Every one had a legacy proportioned to his claim, and
none less than two thousand crowns: mine was the largest, amounting to ten thousand
pistoles, as a mark of his singular regard. The hospitals were not forgotten, and
provision was made for an annual commemoration in several convents.
Madame d'Olivarez sent all the household to Madrid to receive their legacies
from Don Raymond Caporis, who had orders to pay them; but I could not be of the
party, in consequence of a violent fever from distress of mind, which confined me to
the castle for more than a week. During that time, the reverend Dominican paid me all
possible attention. He had conceived a friendship for me, which was not confined to
my worldly interests, and was anxious to know how I meant to dispose of myself on
my recovery. I answered that I had not yet made up my mind upon the subject: there
were moments when my feelings strongly prompted towards a religious vow. Precious
moments! exclaimed the Dominican, you will do well to profit by them. I advise you
as a friend to retire to our convent at Madrid, for example; there to become a pious
benefactor by the free gift of your whole fortune, and to die in the livery of Saint
Dominic. Many very questionable Christians have made amends for a life of sin by so
holy an end.
In the actual disposition of my mind, this advice was not unpalatable; and I
promised to reflect upon it. But on consulting Scipio, who came to see me
immediately after the monk, he treated the very notion as the phantom of a
distempered brain. For shame! said he; does not your estate at Lirias offer a more
eligible seclusion? If you were delighted with it formerly, the charm will be increased
tenfold, now that the lapse of years has moderated your sense of pleasure, and
softened down your taste to the simple beauties of nature.
It was no difficult matter to operate a change in my inclinations. My friend,
said I, you carry it decidedly against the advocate of Saint Dominic. We will go back
to Lirias as soon as I am well enough to travel. This happened shortly; for as the fever
subsided, I soon felt myself sufficiently strong to put my design in execution. We
went first to Madrid. The sight of that city gave me far other sensations than
heretofore. As I knew that almost its whole population held in horror the memory of a
minister, of whom I cherished the most affectionate remembrance, I could not feel at
my ease within its precincts. My stay was therefore limited to five or six days, while
Scipio was making the necessary arrangements for our rustication. In the meantime I
waited on Caporis, and received my legacy in ready money. I likewise made my
arrangements with the receivers for the regular remittance of my pensions, and settled
all my affairs in due order.
The evening before our departure, I asked the son of Coselina whether he had
received his farewell from Don Henry. Yes, answered he, we took leave of each other
this morning with mutual civility; he went so far as to express his regret that I should
quit him; but however well satisfied he might be with me, I am by no means so with
him. Mutual content is like a river, which must have its banks on either side. Besides,
Don Henry makes but a pitiful figure at court now; he has fallen into utter contempt;
people point at him with their finger in the streets, and call him a Genoese bastard.

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Judge, then, for yourself, whether it is consistent with my character to keep up the
connection.
We left Madrid one morning at sunrise, and went for Cuença. The following
was the order of our equipment; we two in a chaise and pair, three mules, laden with
baggage and money, led by two grooms and two stout footmen, well armed, in the
rear; the grooms wore sabres, and the postilion had a pair of pistols in his holsters. As
we were seven men in all, and six of us determined fellows, I took the road gaily,
without trembling for my legacy. In the villages through which we passed our mules
chimed their bells merrily, and the peasants ran to their doors to see us pass,
supposing it to be at least the parade of some nobleman going to take possession of
some viceroyalty.

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CH. XIII. -- The return of Gil Blas to his seat. His joy at finding his god-
daughter Seraphina marriageable; and his own second venture in the lottery of
love.
WE were a fortnight on our journey to Lirias, having no occasion to make
rapid stages. The sight of my own domain brought melancholy thoughts into my
mind, with the image of my lost Antonia; but better topics of reflection came to my
aid, with a full purpose to look at things on the brighter side, and the lapse of two-and-
twenty years, which had gradually impaired the force of tender regret.
As soon as I entered the castle, Beatrice and her daughter greeted me most
cordially, while the family scene was interesting in the extreme. When their mutual
transports were over, I looked earnestly at my god-daughter, saying: Can this be the
Seraphina whom I left in her cradle? how tall and pretty! we must make a good match
for her. What! my dear god-father, cried my little girl with an enchanting blush, you
have but just seen me, and do you want to get rid of me at once! No, my lovely child,
replied I, we hope not to lose you by marriage, but to find a husband for you in the
neighbourhood.
There is one ready to your hands, said Beatrice. Seraphina made a conquest
one day at mass. Her suitor has declared his passion, and asked my consent. I told him
that his acceptance depended on her father and her god-father; and here you are to
determine for yourselves.
What is the character of this village lordling? said Scipio. Is he not, like his
fellows, the little tyrant of the soil, and insolent to those who have no pedigree to
boast? The furthest from it in the world, answered Beatrice; the young man is gentle
in his temper and polished in his manners; handsome withal, and somewhat under
thirty. You paint him in flattering colours, said I to Beatrice; what is his name? Don
Juan de Jutella, replied Scipio's wife: it is not long since be came to his inheritance: he
lives on his own estate, about a mile off, with a younger sister, of whom he takes care.
I once knew something of his family, observed I; it is one of the best in Valencia. I
care less for lineage, cried Scipio, than for the qualities of the heart and mind; this
Don Juan will exactly suit us, if he is a good sort of man. He is belied else, said
Seraphina, with a blushing interest in our conversation; the inhabitants of Lirias, who
know him well, say all the good of him you can conceive. I smiled at this; and her
father, not less quick-sighted, saw plainly that her heart had a share in the testimony
of her tongue.
The gentleman soon heard of our arrival, and paid his respects to us within two
days. His address was pleasing and manly, so as to prepossess us in his favour. He
affected merely to welcome us home as a neighbour. Our reception was such as not to
discourage the repetition of his visit; but not a word of Seraphina! When he was gone,
Beatrice asked us how we liked him. We could have no objection to make, and gave it
as our opinion that Seraphina could not dispose of herself better.
The next day, Scipio and I returned the visit. We took a guide, and luckily; for
otherwise it might have puzzled us to find the place. It was not till our actual arrival
that it was visible; for the mansion was situated at the foot of a mountain, in the
middle of a wood, whose lofty trees hid it from our view. There was an antique and
ruinous appearance about it, which spoke more for the descent than the wealth of its
proprietor. On our entrance, however, the elegance of the interior arrangement made
amends for the dilapidated grandeur of the outer walls.
Don Juan received us in a handsome room, where he introduced his sister
Dorothea, a lady between nineteen and twenty years of age. She was a good deal

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tricked out, as if she had primed and loaded herself for conquest, in expectation of our
visit. Thus presenting all her charms in full force, she did by me much as Antonia had
done before; but I managed my raptures so discreetly, that even Scipio had no
suspicion. Our conversation turned, as on the preceding day, on the mutual pleasure of
good neighbourhood. Still he did not open on the subject of Seraphina, nor did we
attempt to draw him out. During our interview, I often cast a side glance at Dorothea,
though with all the reserve of delicate apprehension; whenever our eyes met, the
citadel of my heart was ready to surrender. To describe the object of my love justly, as
well as feelingly, her beauty was not of the most perfect kind: her skin was of a
dazzling whiteness, and her lips united the colour with the fragrance of the rose; but
her features were not so regular and well-proportioned as might have been wished:
yet, altogether, she won my heart.
In short, I left the mansion of Jutella a different man from what I was on
entering it: so that, returning to Lirias with my whole soul absorbed in Dorothea, I
saw and spoke only of her. How is this, master! said Scipio with a look of
astonishment: you seem to be very much taken with Don Juan's sister! Can you be in
love with her? Yes, my friend, answered I: to my shame be it spoken. Since the death
of Antonia, how many lovely females have passed in review before me with
indifference: and must my passions be irresistibly kindled at this time of life? Indeed,
sir, replied the son of Coselina, you may bless your stars, instead of squabbling with
yourself: you are not so old as to make your sacrifice at the shrine of love a by-word;
and time has not yet ploughed such furrows on your brow, as to render hopeless the
desire of pleasing. When you see Don Juan next, ask him boldly for his sister: he
cannot refuse her to you; and besides, if his views in her settlement are ambitious,
how can he do better? You have a patent of nobility in your pocket, and upon that
your posterity may ride easy; after five generations, when pedigree herself shall be
lost in the confusion of her materials, it may exercise the diligence of learned inquiry,
to trace the family of the Santillanes to the beginning of its archives, and consecrate
the fame of its founder by the indistinctness of his story.

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CH. XIV. -- A double marriage, and the conclusion of the history.

By this discourse, Scipio encouraged me to declare myself, without
considering bow he exposed me to the danger of a refusal. My own resolution was
taken with fear and trembling. Though I carried my years well, and might have sunk
at least ten, it did not seem unlikely that a young beauty might turn up her nose at the
disparity. I determined, however, to bolt the question the first time I saw her brother,
who was not without his trepidations on the subject of my god-daughter.
He returned my call the next morning, just as I had done dressing. Signor de
Santillane, said he, I wish to speak with you on some serious business. I took him into
my closet, where entering on the subject at once, I imagine, continued he, that you are
not unacquainted with the purpose of my visit: I love Seraphina; you are all in all with
her father; I must request you therefore to intercede and procure for me the
accomplishment of my heart's desire: then shall I have to thank you for the prime bliss
of my existence. Signor Don Juan, answered I, as you come to the point at once, you
can have no objection to my following your example: My good offices are fully at
your service, and I shall hope for yours with your sister in return.
Don Juan was agreeably surprised. Can it be possible, exclaimed he, that
Dorothea should have made a conquest of your heart since yesterday? It is even so,
said I, and it would make me the happiest of men, if the proposal should meet with
your joint approbation. You may rely on that, replied he; though with some
pretensions to family pride, yours is not an alliance to be despised. You flatter me
highly, rejoined I; that you are not mealy-mouthed about receiving a commoner into
your pedigree, is a mark of good sense; but even if nobility had been a necessary
ingredient in your sister's requisites for a husband, we should not have quarrelled on
that account. I have worked out twenty years in the trammels of office; and the king,
as a reward of my long labours, has granted me a patent of nobility. This high-
minded gentleman read my credentials over with extreme satisfaction, and returning
them, told me that Dorothea was mine. And Seraphina yours, exclaimed I.
Thus were the two marriages agreed on between us. The consent of the
intended brides was all that remained; for we neither of us presumed to control the
inclinations of our wards. My friend therefore carried home my proposal to his sister,
and I called Scipio, Beatrice, and my god-daughter together, for the purpose of laying
open a similar project. Beatrice voted loudly for immediate acceptance, and Seraphina
silently. The father did not say much against it; but boggled a little at the fortune he
must give to a gentleman whose seat required such immediate and extensive repairs. I
stopped Scipio's mouth by telling him that was my concern, and that I should
contribute four thousand pistoles to the architect's estimate.
In the evening, Don Juan came again. Your business is going swimmingly,
said I; pray heaven mine may promise as fairly. Better it cannot, answered he; my
influence was quite unnecessary to prevail with Dorothea; your person had made its
impression, and your manners pleased her. You were afraid she might not like you;
while she, with more reason, having nothing to offer you but her heart and hand . . . .
What would she offer more? interrupted I, out of my wits with joy. Since the lovely
Dorothea can think of me without repugnance, I ask no more: my fortune is ample,
and the possession of her is the only dowry I should value.
Don Juan and myself, highly delighted at having brought our views to bear so
soon, were for hastening our nuptials, and cutting off all superfluous ceremonies. I
closeted the gentleman with Seraphina's parents; the settlemeuts were soon agreed on,
and he took his leave, promising to return next day with Dorothea. My eager desire of

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appearing agreeable in that lady's eyes, occasioned me to spend three hours at least in
adjusting my dress, and communicating the air of a lover to my person; but I could not
do it so much to my mind as in my younger days. The preparations for courtship are a
pleasure to a young man, but a serious business and hazardous speculation to one who
is beginning to be oldish. And yet it turned out better than my hopes or deserts; for
Don Juan's sister received me so graciously, as to put me in good humour with
myself. I was charmed with the turn of her mind; and foreboded that with discreet
management and much deference, I might really get her to like me as well as anybody
else. Full of this sweet hope I sent for the lawyers to draw up the two contracts, and
for the clergyman of Paterna, to bring us better acquainted with our mistresses.
Thus did I light the torch of Hymen for the second time, and it did not burn
blue with the brimstone of repentance. Dorothea, like a virtuous wife, made a pleasure
of her duty; in gratitude for the pains I took to anticipate all her wishes, she soon
loved me as well as if I had been younger. Don Juan and my god-daughter were most
enthusiastic in their mutual ardour; and what was most unprecedented of all, the two
sisters-in-law loved one another sincerely. Don Juan was a man in whom all good
qualities met: my esteem for him increased daily, and he did not repay it with
ingratitude. In short, we were a happy and united family: we could scarcely bear the
interval of separation between evening and morning. Our time was divided between
Lirias and Jutella: his excellency's pistoles made the old battlements to raise their
heads again, and the castle to resume its lordly port.
For these three years, reader, I have led a life of unmixed bliss in this beloved
society. To perfect my satisfaction, heaven has deigned to send me two smiling babes,
whose education will be the amusement of my declining years; and if ever husband
might venture to hazard so bold an hypothesis, I devoutly believe myself their father.

THE END

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