Cobalt-based- Nickel-chromium alloy, Stainless steel,

superalloy, CCM, cast INCONEL 625, annealed austenitic, AISI 310,

annealed
General information

Condition As cast Annealed Solution annealed

UNS number R30075 N06625 S31000
US name ASTM F75 ASTM Grade N06625; AMS ASTM TP310, ASTM
5666, 5837, 5599, 5869; S31041, ASTM S31040,
MAM 5599, 5581 ASTM S31009, ASTM
S31008, ASTM S31002,
ASTM S31000, ASTM F310,
ASTM CR310S, AMS 5651,
AMS 5572, AMS 5521
EN name CoCr28Mo6 NiCr22Mo9Nb ~X8CrNi25-21,
~X15CrNiSi25-21,
~X15CrNiSi25-20
EN number 2.4856 ~1.4845, ~1.4841
ISO name 5832-4 ISO 9724, 9725, 6207, X6CrNi25-21,
NW6690 ~X8CrNi25-21, ~formerly
Type 16
GB (Chinese) name 2Cr25Ni20 to GB 1221, GB
13296, GB 4238,
0Cr25Ni20, 0Cr25Ni20(-R),
0Cr25Ni20(-Q),
~1Cr25Ni20Si2
JIS (Japanese) name NCF 625 (Plate/Sheet) SUSF310, SUS310TP,
SUS310TB, SUS310STPY,
SUS310STP, SUS310STB,
SUS310SFB, SUS310S,
SUH310
Included in Materials Data for Simulation
Materials Data for Simulation name Nickel alloy, Inconel 625 Stainless steel, 310,
annealed

Composition overview

Material family Metal (non-ferrous) Metal (non-ferrous) Metal (ferrous)

Base material Co (Cobalt) Ni (Nickel) Fe (Iron)

Composition detail (metals, ceramics and glasses)

Al (aluminum) (%) 0 - 0.1 0 - 0.4 0

B (boron) (%) 0 - 0.01 0 0
C (carbon) (%) 0 - 0.35 0 - 0.1 0 - 0.25
Co (cobalt) (%) 58.7 - 68 0-1 0
Cr (chromium) (%) 27 - 30 20 - 23 24 - 26
Fe (iron) (%) 0 - 0.75 0-5 48.2 - 57
Mn (manganese) (%) 0-1 0 - 0.5 0-2
Mo (molybdenum) (%) 5-7 8 - 10 0
N (nitrogen) (%) 0 - 0.25 0 0
Nb (niobium) (%) 0 3 - 4.15 0
Ni (nickel) (%) 0 - 0.5 58 - 66 19 - 22
P (phosphorus) (%) 0 - 0.02 0 - 0.015 0 - 0.045
S (sulfur) (%) 0 - 0.01 0 - 0.015 0 - 0.03
Si (silicon) (%) 0-1 0 - 0.5 0 - 1.5
Ta (tantalum) (%) 0 0 - 0.15 0
Ti (titanium) (%) 0 - 0.1 0 - 0.4 0
W (tungsten) (%) 0 - 0.2 0 0

Price
Price (GBP/kg) 29.6 - 41.7 35.6 - 44.1 6.29 - 9.39
Price per unit volume (GBP/m^3) 244000 - 349000 300000 - 375000 49300 - 75500

Physical properties

Density (kg/m^3) 8250 - 8370 8400 - 8480 7840 - 8040

Mechanical properties

Young's modulus (GPa) 210 - 220 205 - 216 196 - 204

Young's modulus with temperature (GPa) # 205 195
Specific stiffness (MN.m/kg) 25.2 - 26.5 24.3 - 25.5 24.6 - 25.8
Yield strength (elastic limit) (MPa) 450 - 525 365 - 434 205 - 310
Yield strength with temperature (MPa) # 416 254
Tensile strength (MPa) 655 - 764 814 - 900 500 - 620
Tensile strength with temperature (MPa) # 805 - 889 515
Specific strength (kN.m/kg) 54.1 - 63.2 43.2 - 51.4 25.8 - 39.1
Elongation (% strain) 8 - 11.5 30 - 34.9 30 - 47
Tangent modulus (MPa) 2740 2390 1350
Compressive modulus (GPa) 210 - 220
Comp. Young's modulus with temperature (GPa) # 203 - 223
Compressive strength (MPa) 450 - 525 365 - 455 205 - 310
Flexural modulus (GPa) 210 - 220 205 - 216 196 - 204
Flexural strength (modulus of rupture) (MPa) 439 - 548 365 - 434 205 - 310
Shear modulus (GPa) 81.4 - 85.3 81 - 85.2 76 - 81
Shear strength (MPa) 458 - 534
Bulk modulus (GPa) 167 - 175 156 - 164 139 - 152
Poisson's ratio 0.29 0.28 - 0.291 0.265 - 0.275
Shape factor 2.1 27 62
Hardness - Vickers (HV) 280 - 309 145 - 250 160 - 225
Hardness - Rockwell B (HRB) 104 - 107 78 - 99 80 - 90
Hardness - Rockwell C (HRC) 28 - 30 1 - 22 1 - 17
Hardness - Brinell (HB) 266 - 294 145 - 236 185 - 207
Elastic stored energy (springs) (kJ/m^3) 473 - 639 319 - 446 110 - 236
Fatigue strength at 10^7 cycles (MPa) 260 - 344 450 - 500 206 - 228
Fatigue strength model (stress amplitude) (MPa) # 424 - 531 174 - 271

Impact & fracture properties

Fracture toughness (MPa.m^0.5) 108 - 120 190 - 211 64 - 79

Toughness (G) (kJ/m^2) 54.3 - 67 171 - 212 20.7 - 30.9
Ductility index (µm) 0.195 - 0.236 0.475 - 0.581 0.12 - 0.147

Thermal properties

Melting point (°C) 1350 - 1430 1290 - 1350 1400 - 1450

Maximum service temperature (°C) 1140 - 1160 882 - 982 1050 - 1150
Minimum service temperature (°C) -273 -273 -200
Thermal conductivity (W/m.°C) 12.5 - 13.5 9.9 - 10.7 11 - 16
Thermal conductivity with temperature (W/m.°C) # 9.72 12.6
Specific heat capacity (J/kg.°C) 441 - 459 419 - 436 490 - 530
Specific heat capacity with temperature (J/kg.°C) # 410 474
Thermal expansion coefficient (µstrain/°C) 10 - 14 12.8 - 13.4 15 - 17
Thermal expansion coefficient with temperature 12.7 15.7
(µstrain/°C) #
Thermal expansion coefficient with 20 20
temperature_Reference temp (°C)
Thermal shock resistance (°C) 159 - 230 132 - 159 63.7 - 97.9
Thermal distortion resistance (MW/m) 0.925 - 1.3 0.75 - 0.824 0.683 - 1.01
Latent heat of fusion (kJ/kg) 336 - 406 280 - 300 260 - 285

Electrical properties

Electrical resistivity (µohm.cm) 79.5 - 96.1 125 - 133 72 - 90

Electrical resistivity with temperature (µohm.cm) # 89
Electrical conductivity (%IACS) 1.79 - 2.17 1.3 - 1.38 1.92 - 2.39
Electrical conductivity with temperature (Siemens/ 1.12e6
m) #
Galvanic potential (V) 0.04 - 0.12 -0.13 - -0.05 -0.23 - -0.15

Magnetic properties

Magnetic type Non-magnetic Non-magnetic Non-magnetic

Optical, aesthetic and acoustic properties

Transparency Opaque Opaque Opaque

Softness to touch 6.22 - 6.39 6.56 - 7.63 6.85 - 7.5
Warmth to touch 14 - 14.7 16 - 16.8 12.4 - 15.1
Acoustic velocity (m/s) 5020 - 5150 4930 - 5050 4960 - 5080
Mechanical loss coefficient (tan delta) 0.0002 - 0.0004 0.0004 - 0.0006 0.00095 - 0.00132

Healthcare & food

Food contact Yes No Yes

Medical grades? (USP Class VI, ISO 10993)
Healthcare applications Bone fixation and repair, Catheters and cannulas,
Heart valves, Joint Embolization and occlusion
replacement, Spinal devices
devices
Sterilizability (ethylene oxide) Excellent
Sterilizability (radiation) Excellent
Sterilizability (steam autoclave) Excellent
Guidance for MRI Safety High Risk for Potential Low Risk for Potential High Risk for Potential
Interaction Interaction Interaction

Restricted substances risk indicators

RoHS 2 (EU) compliant grades?

EU REACH Candidate List indicator (0-1, 1 = high 0 0 0
risk)
SIN List indicator (0-1, 1 = high risk) 0 0 0

Critical materials risk

Abundance risk level Medium Medium Medium

Sourcing and geopolitical risk level Medium Very high Low
Environmental country risk level Low Medium Low
Price volatility risk level Low Medium Medium
Conflict material risk level Caution High None

Processing properties

Metal casting Excellent Unsuitable Unsuitable

Metal cold forming Unsuitable Acceptable Acceptable
Metal hot forming Unsuitable Limited use Acceptable
Metal press forming Unsuitable Acceptable Excellent
Metal deep drawing Unsuitable Limited use Excellent
Machining speed (m/min) 12.2 5.18 21
Weldability Excellent Poor
Weldability_Notes Preheating is not required, Preheating and post weld
post weld heat treatment is heat treatments are not
required required
Weldability - MIG Good Fair
Weldability - plasma Good Fair
Weldability - SAW Good Not recommended
Weldability - TIG Good Fair
Brazeability Good Good
Carbon equivalency 6.07 - 7.25

Durability

Water (fresh) Excellent Excellent Excellent

Water (salt) Excellent Excellent Excellent
Weak acids Excellent Excellent Excellent
Strong acids Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable
Weak alkalis Excellent Excellent Excellent
Strong alkalis Excellent Excellent Excellent
Organic solvents Excellent Excellent Excellent
Oxidation at 500C Limited use Excellent Excellent
UV radiation (sunlight) Excellent Excellent Excellent
Galling resistance (adhesive wear) Excellent Acceptable Limited use
Flammability Non-flammable Non-flammable Non-flammable

Corrosion resistance of metals

Pitting resistance equivalent number (PREN) 24 - 26

Pitting and crevice corrosion resistance Medium (20-30)
Stress corrosion cracking Not susceptible Not susceptible Slightly susceptible
Stress corrosion cracking_Notes Rated in chloride; Other Rated in chloride; Other
susceptible environments: susceptible environments:
Hydroxide Hydrogen sulfide
Intergranular (weld line) corrosion resistance Excellent Excellent
Inorganic acids Good Moderate
Organic acids Good Moderate
Alkalis Good Moderate
Humidity / water Excellent Excellent
Sea water Excellent Moderate
Sour oil and gas Excellent Moderate

Environmental indicators - primary production

Climate change (CO2-eq), primary production 35 - 38.6 19 - 20.9 8.35 - 9.2

(virgin grade) (kg/kg)
Climate change (CO2-eq), primary production 28.3 - 31.3 11.7 - 13 4.84 - 5.35
(typical grade) (kg/kg)
Embodied energy, primary production (virgin grade) 1470 - 1620 303 - 334 105 - 116
(MJ/kg)
Embodied energy, primary production (typical 1090 - 1200 182 - 201 61 - 67.5
grade) (MJ/kg)
Water usage (l/kg) 506 - 558 279 - 308 184 - 203

Environmental indicators - processing

Casting energy (MJ/kg) 11 - 12.1

Casting CO2 (kg/kg) 0.824 - 0.909
Casting water (l/kg) 21.6 - 31.1
Roll forming, forging energy (MJ/kg) 3.34 - 3.69 2.3 - 2.54
Roll forming, forging CO2 (kg/kg) 0.251 - 0.277 0.172 - 0.19
Roll forming, forging water (l/kg) 2.98 - 4.47 2.53 - 3.8
Extrusion, foil rolling energy (MJ/kg) 6.4 - 7.07 4.31 - 4.76
Extrusion, foil rolling CO2 (kg/kg) 0.48 - 0.531 0.323 - 0.357
Extrusion, foil rolling water (l/kg) 4.29 - 6.43 3.39 - 5.09
Wire drawing energy (MJ/kg) 23.2 - 25.7 15.4 - 17
Wire drawing CO2 (kg/kg) 1.74 - 1.92 1.15 - 1.27
Wire drawing water (l/kg) 8.75 - 13.1 5.79 - 8.69
Metal powder forming energy (MJ/kg) 34.8 - 38.3 32.2 - 35.6 37.8 - 41.7
Metal powder forming CO2 (kg/kg) 2.61 - 2.88 2.58 - 2.84 3.02 - 3.34
Metal powder forming water (l/kg) 39.4 - 56.7 35.1 - 52.7 41.2 - 61.8
Vaporization energy (MJ/kg) 14800 - 16300 11600 - 12800 10900 - 12000
Vaporization CO2 (kg/kg) 1110 - 1220 867 - 959 815 - 900
Vaporization water (l/kg) 6400 - 9210 4820 - 7230 4530 - 6790
Coarse machining energy (per unit wt removed) 1.03 - 1.14 0.934 - 1.03 0.777 - 0.858
(MJ/kg)
Coarse machining CO2 (per unit wt removed) (kg/ 0.077 - 0.085 0.07 - 0.0774 0.0582 - 0.0644
kg)
Fine machining energy (per unit wt removed) (MJ/ 6 - 6.7 5.06 - 5.59 3.49 - 3.86
kg)
Fine machining CO2 (per unit wt removed) (kg/kg) 0.45 - 0.5 0.38 - 0.42 0.262 - 0.289
Grinding energy (per unit wt removed) (MJ/kg) 11.6 - 12.8 9.65 - 10.7 6.51 - 7.19
Grinding CO2 (per unit wt removed) (kg/kg) 0.87 - 0.96 0.724 - 0.8 0.488 - 0.539
Non-conventional machining energy (per unit wt 148 - 163 116 - 128 109 - 120
removed) (MJ/kg)
Non-conventional machining CO2 (per unit wt 11.1 - 12.2 8.67 - 9.59 8.15 - 9
removed) (kg/kg)

Recycling and end of life

Recycle
Functional recycle
Climate change (CO2-eq), recycling (kg/kg) 12 - 13.3 3.62 - 4 1.62 - 1.79
Embodied energy, recycling (MJ/kg) 153 - 169 46.1 - 50.9 20.6 - 22.8
Recycle fraction in current supply (%) 22 44 34
Combust for energy recovery
Landfill
Biodegrade

Geo-economic data for principal component

Principal component Cobalt Nickel Iron

Typical exploited ore grade (%) 0.523 - 0.578 0.997 - 1.1 45.1 - 49.9
Minimum economic ore grade (%) 0.1 - 1 0.1 - 2 25 - 70
Abundance in Earth's crust (ppm) 25 - 30 59 - 90 41000 - 63000
Abundance in seawater (ppm) 0.00008 0.0005 - 0.002 0.0025 - 0.003
Annual world production, principal component 144000 2.37e6 2.23e9
(tonne/yr)
Reserves, principal component (tonne) 7.1e6 8.52e7 1.59e11

Links

Advanced additive manufacturing test data 0 6 0

ASME BPVC-IID Database 0 0 48
Elements in this material 0 7 4
Global Metals similar alloys 12 113 86
High Temperature alloys 0 0 1
JAHM Curve data 0 44 9
ProcessUniverse 94 112 127
Producers 8 22 36
Reference 47 51 49
Senvol Database additive manufactured grades 82 83 0
Shape 24 24 24
Full Datasheet view view view

#Functional Parameters
Temperature (°C) 23
Stress Ratio -1
Number of Cycles (cycles) 1e7