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GRID COMPUTING OVERVIEW

May 2013
May 2013
Conference: International Conference on Electrical Engineering and Computer Science · At: Hyderabad · Volume: 978-93-82208-92-1

Authors:

Gurudatt Anil Kulkarni Vikas Shrihari Solanke Shyam Gupta Mitra

Marathwada Mitra Mandal's Polytechnic Marathwada Mitra Mandal's Polytechnic Amity University, Gwalior Mandal 's
Polytechnic

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A scientist studying proteins logs into a computer and uses an entire network of
computers to analyze data. A businessman accesses his company's network through a Discover the world's
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coordinates computer resources on three different military networks to formulate a battle 25+ million
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grid computing. At its most basic level, grid computing is a computer network in which
each computer's resources are shared with every other computer in the system. 160+ million
Processing power, memory and data storage are all community resources that authorized publication
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Basic Structure of How Grid

Grid [3] Works[3]

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“GRID COMPUTING OVERVIEW”

GURUDATT KULKARNI1, VIKAS SOLANKE2, SHYAM GUPTA3
1,2,
Lecturer in Marathwada Mitra Mandal’s Polytechnic, Thergaon, Pune.
3
Siddhant College of Engineering, Sadumbare, Pune
 Abstract- A scientist studying proteins logs into a computer and uses an entire network of computers to analyze data. A
businessman
Download full-text PDF accesses his company's network through a PDA
Download citation in order
Copy link to forecast the future of a particular stock. An Army
official accesses and coordinates computer resources on three different military networks to formulate a battle strategy. All
of these scenarios have one thing in common: They rely on a concept called grid computing. At its most basic level, grid
computing is a computer network in which each computer's resources are shared with every other computer in the system.
Processing power, memory and data storage are all community resources that authorized users can tap into and leverage for
specific tasks. A grid computing system can be as simple as a collection of similar computers running on the same operating
system or as complex as inter-networked systems comprised of every computer platform you can think of.

Keywords- Grid, Cloud, Distributed computing

I. INTRODUCTION John Patrick, IBM's vice-president for Internet

strategies, "the next big thing will be grid
Grid computing requires the use of software that can computing."The grid computing concept isn't a new
divide and farm out pieces of a program to as many one. It's a special kind of distributed computing.[1] In
as several thousand computers. Grid computing can distributed computing, different computers within the
be thought of as distributed and large-scale cluster same network share one or more resources. In the
computing LEARN MORE Data center outsourcing, ideal grid computing system, every resource is
collocation and cloud Public cloud computing shared, turning a computer network into a powerful
services and as a form of network-distributed parallel supercomputer. With the right user interface,
processing.[1,3] It can be confined to the network of accessing a grid computing system would look no
computer workstations within a corporation or it can different than accessing a local machine's resources.
be a public collaboration (in which case it is also Every authorized computer would have access to
sometimes known as a form of peer-to-peer enormous processing power and storage capacity
computing).A grid computing has attracted great
attention. In grid computing, by using multiple
computers and executing processes in parallel, we can
get powerful computational power. Grid computing
systems often employ regular computers such as
personal computers or workstations. However, we
can exploit computational power more effectively by
employing compact computers embedded to many
home electronics such as refrigerators or air-
conditioners.[2] In this paper, we propose a grid
computing system using compact computers.
Generally, embedded compact computers almost
always execute their assigned processes. Therefore,
our proposed system controls their computational
powers so that processes required by the grid Figure 1.0 Grid Computing Basic Overview [2]
computing system do not interrupt assigned processes
for compact computers. Grid computing (or the use of Grid computing systems work on the principle of
a computational grid) is applying the resources of pooled resources. Let's say you and a couple of
many computers in a network to a single problem at friends decide to go on a camping trip. You own a
the same time - usually to a scientific or technical large tent, so you've volunteered to share it with the
problem that requires a great number of computer others. One of your friends offers to bring food and
processing cycles or access to large amounts of data. another says he'll drive the whole group up in his
A well-known example of grid computing in the SUV. Once on the trip, the three of you share your
public domain is the ongoing SETI (Search for knowledge and skills to make the trip fun and
Extraterrestrial Intelligence) @Home project in which comfortable. If you had made the trip on your own,
thousands of people are sharing the unused processor you would need more time to assemble the resources
cycles of their PCs in the vast search for signs of you'd need and you probably would have had to work
"rational" signals from outer space. According to a lot harder on the trip itself.

International Conference on Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 12th May-2013, Hyderabad, ISBN: 978-93-82208-92-1
12

“Grid Computing Overview”

II. GRID COMPUTING CONCEPT basic level, grid computing is a computer network in
which each computer's resources are shared with
A grid computing system uses that same concept: every other computer in the system. Processing
share the load across multiple computers to complete power, memory and data storage are all community
tasks more efficiently and quickly. Before going too resources that authorized users can tap into and
much further, let's take a quick look at a computer's leverage for specific tasks. A grid computing system
resources: [3] can be as simple as a collection of similar computers
 Central processing unit (CPU): A CPU is running on the same operating system or as complex
a microprocessor that performs mathematical as inter-networked systems comprised of every
operations and directs data to different memory computer platform you can think of. The grid

i i i l ki d
 locations. Computers can have more than one computing concept isn't a new one. It's a special kind
CPU.
Download full-text PDF Download citation Copyof
linkdistributed computing. In distributed computing,
 Memory: In general, a computer's memory is a different computers within the same network share
kind of temporary electronic storage. Memory one or more resources. In the ideal grid computing
keeps relevant data close at hand for the system, every resource is shared, turning a computer
microprocessor. Without memory, the network into a powerful supercomputer.
microprocessor would have to search and
retrieve data from a more permanent storage
device such as a hard disk drive.
 Storage: In grid computing terms, storage refers
to permanent data storage devices like hard disk
drives or databases.

Figure 3.0 How Grid Works[3]

With the right user interface, accessing a grid

computing system would look no different than
accessing a local machine's resources. Every
authorized computer would have access to enormous
Figure 2.0 Basic Structure of Grid [3]
processing power and storage capacity. Though the
Normally, a computer can only operate within the concept isn't new, it's also not yet perfected.
Computer scientists, programmers and engineers are
limitations of its own resources. There's an upper
still working on creating, establishing and
limit to how fast it can complete an operation or how
implementing standards and protocols. Right now,
much information it can store. Most computers are
many existing grid computer systems rely on
upgradeable, which means it's possible to add more
proprietary software and tools. Once people agree
power or capacity to a single computer, but that's still
upon a reliable set of standards and protocols, it will
just an incremental increase in performance. Grid
be easier and more efficient for organizations to adopt
computing systems link computer resources together
the grid computing model.
in a way that lets someone use one computer to
access and leverage the collected power of all the
computers in the system. To the individual user, it's IV. GRID COMPUTING -SHARING
as if the user's computer has transformed into a RESOURCES [3]
supercomputer.
Several companies and organizations are working
III. GRID COMPUTING-HOW IT WORKS? [3] together to create a standardized set of rules called
protocols to make it easier to set up grid computing
A scientist studying proteins logs into a computer and environments. It's possible to create a grid computing
system right now and several already exist. But
uses an entire network of computers to analyze data.
what's missing is an agreed-upon approach. That
A businessman accesses his company's network
means that two different grid computing systems may
through a PDA in order to forecast the future of a
not be compatible with one another, because each is
particular stock. An Army official accesses and
working with a unique set of protocols and tools.
coordinates computer resources on three different
In general, a grid computing system requires:
military networks to formulate a battle strategy. All
of these scenarios have one thing in common: They  At least one computer, usually a server, which
rely on a concept called grid computing. At its most handles all the administrative duties for the

International Conference on Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 12th May-2013, Hyderabad, ISBN: 978-93-82208-92-1
13

“Grid Computing Overview”

system. Many people refer to this kind of a computing system; when she is ready to
computer as a control node. Other application launch her applications, she logs into the system
and Web servers (both physical and virtual) and submits the application jobs. In a grid
provide specific services to the system. environment, users or their agents
 A network of computers running special grid simultaneously need accesses to multiple
computing network software. These computers resources from different administrative domains
act both as a point of interface for the user and that have different security mechanisms. This
as the resources the system will tap into for requirement creates several security issues. The
different applications. Grid computing systems two typical ones are:
can either include several computers of the
same make running on the same operating  Single sign-on: A user should be able to
system (called a homogeneous system) or a authenticate once (e.g., when starting a
hodgepodge of different computers running on computation) and initiate computations that
 every operating system imaginable (a acquire resources, use resources, release
Download full-textheterogeneous
PDF system). The
Download network can be Copy link
citation resources, and communicate internally, without
anything from a hardwired system where every further authentication of the user.
computer connects to the system with physical Interoperability with local security solutions:
wires to an open system where computers While the grid security solutions may provide
connect with each other over the Internet.[3] inter-domain access mechanisms, an access to a
 A collection of computer software called resource will typically be determined by a local
middleware. The purpose of middleware is to security policy that is enforced by local security
allow different computers to run a process or mechanisms. It is impractical to modify every
application across the entire network of local resource to accommodate inter-domain
machines. Middleware is the workhorse of the accesses.
grid computing system. Without it,  Resource Management: Grid resources are from
communication across the system would be different administrative domains that have their
impossible. Like software in general, there's no own local resource managers and a grid does
single format for middleware. not have full control of these resources. When
managing these resources, a grid resource
management system should respect the usage
policies enforced by local resource managers,
and meanwhile, deliver user required quality of
services and improve global resource usage.
This dilemma, i.e., managing a resource without
ownership, is referred to as “site autonomy” and
“heterogeneous substrate” issues. Another
requirement for grid resource management
comes from the fact that some grid applications,
such as workflow, require resources to be
allocated based on the application execution
patterns and coordinated allocations of multiple
resources simultaneously are necessary in order
to deliver application-level quality of services.
Figure 4.0 Grid Layers[3]
Also, resource management should be able to
adapt application requirements to resource
V. ISSUES IN GRID COMPUTING [5]
availability, particularly, when the requirements
and resource characteristics change during
Grid computing is a highly collaborative distributed
execution. These issues are referred to as
computing model; solutions to traditional distributed
resource co-allocation and online-control.[5]
computing issues, such as security and resource
management, do not scale well in grid computing.
 Information Services: Information services play
Furthermore, grid computing introduces other issues,
an important role in grids. They indicate the
such as information services and data management.
status and availability of grid entities, i.e.,
We summarize those grid issues in the following and
compute resources, software libraries, networks,
refer readers or related literature for more detailed
etc., without which there would be little
discussions.
coordination in such a dynamic environment as
a grid. A grid information system should
 Security: Most distributed computing systems
provide two types of services, the accounting
use identity-based authentication and
service and the auditing service. Grid
authorization control. As the typical case, a user
is given a username and password for accessing accounting maintains historical information of

International Conference on Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 12th May-2013, Hyderabad, ISBN: 978-93-82208-92-1
14

“Grid Computing Overview”

resource status and job resource consumption  Standardization: Grid computing is a highly
for the purpose of performance prediction, integrated system and a grid is built from multi-
resource allotment, charging and application purpose protocols and interfaces that address
performance tuning. Grid auditing provides those fundamental issues described above. The
runtime information of resource load status and grid vision requires protocols (and interfaces
application resource consumption for the and policies) that are not only open and general-
purpose of resource allocation and resource purpose but also standard.
usage control.[4]
REFERENCES
 Data Management: Data-intensive, high-
performance computing applications require the [1]. “What is the Grid? A Three Point Checklist” Ian Foster,
Argonne National Laboratory & University of Chicago
efficient management and transfer of terabytes
or petabytes of information in wide-area, [2]. “A Review on Wireless Grid Computing” S. S. Manvi,
distributed computing environments. Data Member, IACSIT and M. N. Birje, International Journal of
management is concerned with how to provide Computer and Electrical Engineering, Vol. 2, No. 3, June,
2010
 secure, efficient and transparent access to
Download full-textdistributed,
PDF heterogeneous pools of data on
Download citation [3]. http://www.techpdf.in/grid_computing.php
wide-area grid resources. In providing such Copy link
services, grids should harness data, storage, and [4]. “A Study on Applications of Grid Computing in
network resources located in distinct Bioinformatics”, Manjula K.A, Department of Information
Technology, Kannur University.
administrative domains, respect local and global
policies governing how data can be used, [5]. “Secure Grid Computing”,Jianmin Zhu and Dr. Bhavani
schedule resources efficiently (again subject to Thuraisingham, University of Texas at Dallas, IJCSNS
International Journal of Computer 216 Science and Network
local and global constraints), and provide high
Security, VOL.6 No.8B, August 2006.
speed and reliable accesses to data.



International Conference on Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 12th May-2013, Hyderabad, ISBN: 978-93-82208-92-1
15

Citations (0) References (3)

A Review on Wireless Grid Computing

Article Full-text available
Jan 2010
Sunil Manvi · Mahantesh Birje

View Show abstract

Secure Grid Computing

Article
Jianmin Zhu · Bhavani Thuraisingham

View Show abstract

What is the Grid? A Three Point Checklist Ian Foster

Jul 2010
 S Manvi · Member · M N Iacsit · Birje
Download full-text PDF Download citation Copy link
. " What is the Grid? A Three Point Checklist " Ian Foster, Argonne National Laboratory & University of Chicago [2]. " A Review on
Wireless Grid Computing " S. S. Manvi, Member, IACSIT and M. N. Birje, International Journal of Computer and Electrical
Engineering, Vol. 2, No. 3, June, 2010
 Download full-text PDF Download citation Copy link

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