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Answer Key For Metallurgy

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33 views8 pages

Answer Key For Metallurgy

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h
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Grade: 10

Subject: Chemistry
Unit Number: Unit Name: Metallurgy
TopicName: Metallurgy

1. Define alloy,mineral,ore,matrix ,flux and metallurgy.


Anwer : alloy –it is a substance prepared by adding other metals or non metals to a
base metal in appropriate proportions to obtain certain decirable properties.
Mineral-the compounds of various metals found in nature associated with their
earthly impurities .
Flux-the substance added to the ore to get rid of the matrix .
Matrix- the rocky impurities associated with the ore.
Metallurgy- the large scale processes involved in the extraction of pure metals
from their respective ores.
Pulverisation – Powdering of ore.
2. Name the common ores of ; aluminium,zinc,iron
Answer : aluminium-bauxite,cryolite,corundum
Zinc- zinc blende,calamine,zincite
Iron- haematite,magnetite,iron pyrites,spathic iron ore.

3. (i) Differentiate between:


(a) Slag and Flux. (b) a mineral and an ore ?
Slag Flux

It is the product obtained by the It is a substance which is added

combination of the flux with gangue in along with charge to separate the

metallurgy. gangue in metallurgy.

(ii)
(a) The minerals contain a low percentage of metal, while the ores

contain a large percentage of the metal.


(b) The metal cannot be extracted from mineral, on the other hand ores can

be used for the extraction of metal.


(c) All minerals are not ores, but all ores are minerals.

(iii) Calcination and roasting

Roasting involves the heating of ore lower than its melting point in the
presence of air or oxygen. Calcination involves the thermal decomposition
of carbonate ores.

4. The following questions refer to the extraction of aluminium from their ores :
(i) “Name the principal ore from which aluminium are extracted.
(ii) What is the most important chemical process in the extraction of any metal ?
State how this essential step is carried out in the extraction of aluminium.
(iii) aluminium ores contain impurities. how these impurities are removed .
Answer: (i) Bauxite (Al2O3).
(ii) Reduction of the oxide is an important step in extraction of metal.
Al2O3 cannot be easily reduced, hence it is subjected to electrolysis. Aluminium
is collected at the cathode.
(iii) Bauxite and aluminium ore contains impurities of Fe2O3 and SiO2. It can be
removed by Baeyer ‘s process.

5: (i) What is bauxite ? Which metal is extracted from it ?


(ii) In the electrolysis of molten alumina, the carbon anode is gradually burnt
away. Why ?
(iii) write down the reactions involved in aluminium extraction.
Answer: (i) Bauxite is hydrated aluminium oxide [Al2O3.2H20] and aluminium
metal is extracted from bauxite.
(ii) In the electrolysis of molten aluminium oxide, oxygen gas is liberated which
gradually bums away carbon anode at a higher temperature to form carbon
dioxide.
C + O2 ⟶ CO2
(iii)

6: The following questions are relevant to the extraction of Aluminium :


(i) State the reason for addition of caustic alkali to bauxite ore during purification of
bauxite.
(ii) Give a balanced chemical equation for the above reaction.
(iii) what is seeding? Write down the reaction involved in 2 step of Baeyer ‘s process ?
(iv) write down the reaction involved in conversion of aluminium hydroxide to pure
alumina ?
(v) Along with cryolite and alumina, another substance is added to the electrolyte
mixture. Name the substance and give one reason for the addition.
Answer: (i) Caustic alkali dissolves amphoteric aluminium oxide forming soluble
sodium aluminate while impurities remains insoluble and ppt. as red mud.
(ii) Al2O3. 2H20 +2 NaOH ⟶ 2NaAlO2 + 3H2O
(iii) The process of including and enhancing crystallization by adding a crystal of pure
substance into its saturated solution is called seeding.
NaAlO2+2H2O→NaOH+Al(OH)3
2Al(OH)3 Δ→ Al2O3+3H2O
(iv) The name of substance is Fluorspar (CaF2) and it increases conductivity of the
electrolyte.

7: ‘Alumina (aluminium oxide) has a very high melting point of over 2,050°C so
that it cannot readily be liquefied. However, conversion of alumina to aluminium
and oxygen, by electrolysis, can occur when it is dissolved in some other
substance.’
(i) Which solution is used to react with bauxite as a first step in obtaining pure
aluminium oxide ?
(ii) The aluminium oxide for the electrolytic extraction of aluminium is obtained
by heating aluminium hydroxide. Write the equation for this reaction.
(iii) Name the element which serves both as the anode and the cathode in the
extraction of aluminium.
(iv) Write the equation for the reaction that occurs at the cathode during the
extraction of aluminium by electrolysis.
(v) why Al 3+ are discharged in preference to Na + and Ca 2+ ions ?

Answer: (i) Sodium hydroxide

3 O + 3 O à3O2

(v) Al 3+ are discharged in preference to Na + and Ca 2+ ions due to its lower


position in the electrochemical series.

8.State the main components of the following alloys :


(i) Brass. (ii) Duralumin. (iii) Bronze. (iv) Stainless steel.
Answer: (i) Copper and zinc. (ii) Aluminium and magnesium.
(iii) Copper and Tin. (iv) Iron.

Question 9 Figure/Table Based Questions

A: The given sketch of an electrolytic cell used in the extraction of aluminium:

(i) What is the substance of which the electrode A and B are made ?
(ii) At which electrode (A ro B) is the aluminium formed ?
(iii) What are the two aluminium compound in the electrolyte C ?
(iv) Why is it necessary for electrode B to be continuously replaced ?
Answer: (i) Carbon (Graphite)
(ii) A
(iii) Aluminium oxide / Alumina / cryolite (sodium aluminium fluoride).
(iv) Burns away in the presence of oxygen produced or consumed.
B: (i) Name the process and the element extracted by the above process as
shown in the figure.

(ii) Give the function of three components of electrolyte.


(iii) Why is electrolyte covered with coke?
(iv) Write the electrolytic reaction taking place at cathode?
Answer: (i) Aluminium, Hall and Herault’s process.
(ii) Alumina (Al2O3) is the main aluminium yielding compound.
Cryolite [Na3AlF6] acts as a solvent and lowers the fusion temperature from
2050°C to 950°C.
Fluorspar (CaF2) acts as a solvent and increases the conductivity of electrolytic
mixture.
(iii) A layer of powdered cpke is sprinkled over the surface of the electrolyte
mixture because it reduces the heat loss by radiation and prevents carbon
anode from brning in air.

(iv)
Aluminium formed sinks to the bottom of the tank and is periodically tapped off.
C: List 1 contains the metals/alloys, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v) and list 2 contains their
uses A, B, C, D, E.

List 1 List 2

(i) aluminium A. steel making

(ii) lead B. aeroplane wings

(iii) brass C. galvanizing

(iv) iron D. radiation shield

(v) zinc E. electrical fittings

Copy and complete the following table writing down the letter for the correct use
of each metal. An answer may be used only once. The first has been done for
you.

Metal (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v)

Use B

Answer:

Metal (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v)


Use B D E A C

Q10. Give reasons

(a)Why extraction of aluminium is difficult ?


Answer: Extraction of aluminium is difficult because :
(i) Pure aluminium oxide melts at 2050°C only. So, a large amount of
energy is needed to maintain this high temperature.
(ii) A good amount «f the aluminium vaporises at this temperature.
(iii) Fused alumina does not conduct electricity well.
(b)Why fused alumina is electrolytically reduced to aluminium ?

Answer : Fused alumina is highly stable oxide and aluminium has strong
affinity for oxygen ,hence it can be reduced to aluminium electrolytically only.

(C) Why electrolytic reduction of alumina is a continuous process ?

Answer : pure aluminium is produced at the cathode and being heavier than
the electrolyte settles down.it is periodically removed through the outlet or tap
hole at the base.

As the conc. Of Al2O3 falls the resistance of the bath increases,indicated


by a glow on the control lamp. At this moment more alumina is added and
the process is continuous.

Q11. Give the chemical name and chemical formulae of the following naturally
occuring ores:
1. Cryolite
2. Corundum
3.Calamine
4.magnetite
5.Spathic iron ore
6.Zinc blende
7.Iron pyrites
8. Zincite
9. Haematite
10. Bauxite
Answer:
1. Na3AlF6 (sodium aluminium fluoride )
2. Al2O3 (aluminium oxide )
3.ZnCO3 (zinc carbonate )
4.Fe3O4 (tri iron tetraoxide )
5.FeCO3 (iron [II] carbonate )
6.ZnS (Zinc sulphide )
7.FeS2 (Iron disulphide)
8.ZnO (zinc oxide)
9.Fe2O3 (iron[III]oxide )
10. Al2O3.2H2O (hydrated aluminium oxide)
Q12. Name the method used for concentration of following ore:
1. Sulphide ore 2. Aluminium ore
1. froth flotation process
2. Chemical method
Q13. Name the method used to obtain metal from the following metal oxide
1. HgO- Thermal decomposition
2. CuO- reduction by reducing agent H/C/CO
3. Al2O3- Electrolysis
4. ZnO - reduction by reducing agent C
5. PbO - reduction by reducing agent H/C/CO

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