RD Sharma Solutions for Class 11 Maths Chapter 9 – Values of

Trigonometric Functions at Multiples and Submultiples of an Angle

EXERCISE 9.1 PAGE NO: 9.28

Prove the following identities:
1. √[(1 – cos 2x) / (1 + cos 2x)] = tan x
Solution:
Let us consider LHS:
√[(1 – cos 2x) / (1 + cos 2x)]
We know that cos 2x = 1 – 2 sin2 x
= 2 cos2 x - 1
So,
√[(1 – cos 2x) / (1 + cos 2x)] = √[(1 – (1 - 2sin2 x)) / (1 + (2cos2x - 1))]
= √[(1 – 1 + 2sin2 x) / (1 + 2cos2 x - 1)]
= √[2 sin2 x / 2 cos2 x]
= sin x/cos x
= tan x
= RHS
Hence proved.

2. sin 2x / (1 – cos 2x) = cot x

Solution:
Let us consider LHS:
sin 2x / (1 – cos 2x)
We know that cos 2x = 1 – 2 sin2 x
Sin 2x = 2 sin x cos x
So,
sin 2x / (1 – cos 2x) = (2 sin x cos x) / (1 - (1 – 2sin2 x))
= (2 sin x cos x) / (1 – 1 + 2sin2 x)]
= [2 sin x cos x / 2 sin2 x]
= cos x/sin x
= cot x
= RHS
Hence proved.

3. sin 2x / (1 + cos 2x) = tan x

Solution:
Let us consider LHS:
sin 2x / (1 + cos 2x)
We know that cos 2x = 1 – 2 sin2 x
= 2 cos2 x – 1
 RD Sharma Solutions for Class 11 Maths Chapter 9 – Values of
Trigonometric Functions at Multiples and Submultiples of an Angle

Sin 2x = 2 sin x cos x

So,
sin 2x / (1 + cos 2x) = [2 sin x cos x / (1 + (2cos2x - 1))]
= [2 sin x cos x / (1 + 2cos2 x - 1)]
= [2 sin x cos x / 2 cos2 x]
= sin x/cos x
= tan x
= RHS
Hence proved.

5. [1 – cos 2x + sin 2x] / [1 + cos 2x + sin 2x] = tan x

Solution:
Let us consider LHS:
[1 – cos 2x + sin 2x] / [1 + cos 2x + sin 2x]
We know that, cos 2x = 1 – 2 sin2 x
= 2 cos2 x – 1
 RD Sharma Solutions for Class 11 Maths Chapter 9 – Values of
Trigonometric Functions at Multiples and Submultiples of an Angle

Sin 2x = 2 sin x cos x

So,

6. [sin x + sin 2x] / [1 + cos x + cos 2x] = tan x

Solution:
Let us consider LHS:
[sin x + sin 2x] / [1 + cos x + cos 2x]
We know that, cos 2x = cos2 x – sin2 x
Sin 2x = 2 sin x cos x
So,
 RD Sharma Solutions for Class 11 Maths Chapter 9 – Values of
Trigonometric Functions at Multiples and Submultiples of an Angle

= RHS
Hence proved.

7. cos 2x / (1 + sin 2x) = tan (π/4 - x)

Solution:
Let us consider LHS:
cos 2x / (1 + sin 2x)
We know that, cos 2x = cos2 x – sin2 x
Sin 2x = 2 sin x cos x
So,
 RD Sharma Solutions for Class 11 Maths Chapter 9 – Values of
Trigonometric Functions at Multiples and Submultiples of an Angle

8. cos x / (1 - sin x) = tan (π/4 + x/2)

Solution:
Let us consider LHS:
cos x / (1 - sin x)
We know that, cos 2x = cos2 x – sin2 x
Cos x = cos2 x/2 – sin2 x/2
Sin 2x = 2 sin x cos x
Sin x = 2 sin x/2 cos x/2
So,
RD Sharma Solutions for Class 11 Maths Chapter 9 – Values of
Trigonometric Functions at Multiples and Submultiples of an Angle
RD Sharma Solutions for Class 11 Maths Chapter 9 – Values of
Trigonometric Functions at Multiples and Submultiples of an Angle
 RD Sharma Solutions for Class 11 Maths Chapter 9 – Values of
Trigonometric Functions at Multiples and Submultiples of an Angle

11. (cos α + cos β) 2 + (sin α + sin β) 2 = 4 cos2 (α - β)/2

Solution:
Let us consider LHS:
(cos α + cos β)2 + (sin α + sin β)2
Upon expansion, we get,
(cos α + cos β)2 + (sin α + sin β)2 =
= cos2 α + cos2 β + 2 cos α cos β + sin2 α + sin2 β + 2 sin α sin β
= 2 + 2 cos α cos β + 2 sin α sin β
= 2 (1 + cos α cos β + sin α sin β)
= 2 (1 + cos (α - β)) [since, cos (A – B) = cos A cos B + sin A sin B]
= 2 (1 + 2 cos2 (α - β)/2 - 1) [since, cos2x = 2cos2 x – 1]
= 2 (2 cos2 (α - β)/2)
= 4 cos2 (α - β)/2
= RHS
Hence Proved.

12. sin2 (π/8 + x/2) – sin2 (π/8 – x/2) = 1/√2 sin x

Solution:
Let us consider LHS:
sin2 (π/8 + x/2) – sin2 (π/8 – x/2)
 RD Sharma Solutions for Class 11 Maths Chapter 9 – Values of
Trigonometric Functions at Multiples and Submultiples of an Angle

we know, sin2 A – sin2 B = sin (A+B) sin (A-B)

so,
sin2 (π/8 + x/2) – sin2 (π/8 – x/2) = sin (π/8 + x/2 + π/8 – x/2) sin (π/8 + x/2 – (π/8 – x/2))
= sin (π/8 + π/8) sin (π/8 + x/2 - π/8 + x/2)
= sin π/4 sin x
= 1/√2 sin x [since, since π/4 = 1/√2]
= RHS
Hence proved.

13. 1 + cos2 2x = 2 (cos4 x + sin4 x)

Solution:
Let us consider LHS:
1 + cos2 2x
We know, cos2x = cos2 x – sin2 x
cos2 x + sin2 x = 1
so,
1 + cos2 2x = (cos2 x + sin2 x) 2 + (cos2 x – sin2 x) 2
= (cos4 x + sin4 x + 2 cos2 x sin2 x) + (cos4 x + sin4 x – 2 cos2 x sin2 x)
= cos4 x + sin4 x + cos4 x + sin4 x
= 2 cos4 x + 2 sin4 x
= 2 (cos4 x + sin4 x)
= RHS
Hence proved.

14. cos3 2x + 3 cos 2x = 4 (cos6 x – sin6 x)

Solution:
Let us consider RHS:
4 (cos6 x – sin6 x)
Upon expansion we get,
4 (cos6 x – sin6 x) = 4 [(cos2 x)3 – (sin2 x)3]
= 4 (cos2 x – sin2 x) (cos4 x + sin4 x + cos2 x sin2 x)
By using the formula,
a3 – b3 = (a-b) (a2 + b2 + ab)
= 4 cos 2x (cos4 x + sin4 x + cos2 x sin2 x + cos2 x sin2 x – cos2 x sin)
We know, cos 2x = cos2 x – sin2 x
So,
= 4 cos 2x (cos4 x + sin4 x + 2 cos2 x sin2 x - cos2 x sin2 x)
= 4 cos 2x [(cos2 x)2 + (sin2 x)2 + 2 cos2 x sin2 x - cos2 x sin2 x] We know, a2 + b2
+ 2ab = (a + b)2
 RD Sharma Solutions for Class 11 Maths Chapter 9 – Values of
Trigonometric Functions at Multiples and Submultiples of an Angle

= 4 cos 2x [(1)2 – 1/4 (4 cos2 x sin2 x)]

= 4 cos 2x [(1)2 – 1/4 (2 cos x sin x)2]
We know, sin 2x = 2sin x cos x
= 4 cos 2x [(12) – 1/4 (sin 2x)2]
= 4 cos 2x (1 – 1/4 sin2 2x)
We know, sin2 x = 1 – cos2 x
= 4 cos 2x [1 – 1/4 (1 – cos2 2x)]
= 4 cos 2x [1 – 1/4 + 1/4 cos2 2x]
= 4 cos 2x [3/4 + 1/4 cos2 2x]
= 4 (3/4 cos 2x + 1/4 cos3 2x)
= 3 cos 2x + cos3 2x
= cos3 2x + 3 cos 2x
= LHS
Hence proved.

15. (sin 3x + sin x) sin x + (cos 3x – cos x) cos x = 0

Solution:
Let us consider LHS:
(sin 3x + sin x) sin x + (cos 3x – cos x) cos x
= (sin 3x) (sin x) + sin2 x + (cos 3x) (cos x) – cos2 x
= [(sin 3x) (sin x) + (cos 3x) (cos x)] + (sin2 x – cos2 x)
= [(sin 3x) (sin x) + (cos 3x) (cos x)] – (cos2 x – sin2 x)
= cos (3x – x) – cos 2x
We know, cos 2x = cos2 x – sin2 x
cos A cos B + sin A sin B = cos(A – B)
So,
= cos 2x – cos 2x
=0
= RHS
Hence Proved.

16. cos2 (π/4 - x) – sin2 (π/4 - x) = sin 2x

Solution:
Let us consider LHS:
cos2 (π/4 - x) – sin2 (π/4 - x)
We know, cos2 A – sin2 A = cos 2A
So,
cos2 (π/4 - x) – sin2 (π/4 - x) = cos 2 (π/4 - x)
= cos (π/2 - 2x)
 RD Sharma Solutions for Class 11 Maths Chapter 9 – Values of
Trigonometric Functions at Multiples and Submultiples of an Angle

= sin 2x [since, cos (π/2 - A) = sin A]

= RHS
Hence proved.

17. cos 4x = 1 – 8 cos2 x + 8 cos4 x

Solution:
Let us consider LHS:
cos 4x
We know, cos 2x = 2 cos2 x – 1
So,
cos 4x = 2 cos2 2x – 1
= 2(2 cos2 x – 1)2 – 1
= 2[(2 cos2 x) 2 + 12 – 2×2 cos2 x] – 1
= 2(4 cos4 x + 1 – 4 cos2 x) – 1
= 8 cos4 x + 2 – 8 cos2 x – 1
= 8 cos4 x + 1 – 8 cos2 x
= RHS
Hence Proved.

18. sin 4x = 4 sin x cos3 x – 4 cos x sin3 x

Solution:
Let us consider LHS:
sin 4x
We know, sin 2x = 2 sin x cos x
cos 2x = cos2 x – sin2 x
So,
sin 4x = 2 sin 2x cos 2x
= 2 (2 sin x cos x) (cos2 x – sin2 x)
= 4 sin x cos x (cos2 x – sin2 x)
= 4 sin x cos3 x – 4 sin3 x cos x
= RHS
Hence proved.

19. 3(sin x – cos x) 4 + 6 (sin x + cos x) 2 + 4 (sin6 x + cos6 x) = 13

Solution:
Let us consider LHS:
3(sin x – cos x) 4 + 6 (sin x + cos x) 2 + 4 (sin6 x + cos6 x)
We know, (a + b)2 = a2 + b2 + 2ab
(a – b)2 = a2 + b2 – 2ab
 RD Sharma Solutions for Class 11 Maths Chapter 9 – Values of
Trigonometric Functions at Multiples and Submultiples of an Angle

a3 + b3 = (a + b) (a2 + b2 – ab)
So,
3(sin x – cos x) 4 + 6 (sin x + cos x) 2 + 4 (sin6 x + cos6 x) = 3{(sin x – cos x) 2}2 + 6 {(sin
x)2 + (cos x)2 + 2 sin x cos x)} + 4 {(sin2 x)3 + (cos2 x)3}
= 3{(sin x) 2 + (cos x)2 – 2 sin x
cos x)}2 + 6 (sin2 x + cos2 x + 2 sin x cos x) + 4{(sin2 x + cos2 x) (sin4 x + cos4 x – sin2 x
cos2 x)}
= 3(1 – 2 sin x cos x) 2 + 6 (1 +
2 sin x cos x) + 4{(1) (sin4 x + cos4 x – sin2 x cos2 x)}
We know, sin2 x + cos2 x = 1
So,
= 3{12 + (2 sin x cos x) 2 – 4 sin x
cos x} + 6 (1 + 2 sin x cos x) + 4{(sin2 x)2 + (cos2 x)2 + 2 sin2 x cos2 x – 3 sin2 x cos2 x)}
= 3{1 + 4 sin2 x cos2 x – 4 sin x
cos x} + 6 (1 + 2 sin x cos x) + 4{(sin2 x + cos2 x) 2 – 3 sin2 x cos2 x)}
= 3 + 12 sin2 x cos2 x – 12 sin x
cos x + 6 + 12 sin x cos x + 4{(1)2 – 3 sin2 x cos2 x)}
= 9 + 12 sin2 x cos2 x + 4(1 – 3
sin2 x cos2 x)
= 9 + 12 sin2 x cos2 x + 4 – 12
sin2 x cos2 x
= 13
= RHS
Hence proved.

20. 2(sin6 x + cos6 x) – 3(sin4 x + cos4 x) + 1 = 0

Solution:
Let us consider LHS:
2(sin6 x + cos6 x) – 3(sin4 x + cos4 x) + 1
We know, (a + b)2 = a2 + b2 + 2ab
a3 + b3 = (a + b) (a2 + b2 – ab)
So,
2(sin6 x + cos6 x) – 3(sin4 x + cos4 x) + 1 = 2{(sin2 x) 3 + (cos2 x) 3} – 3{(sin2 x) 2 +
(cos2 x) 2} + 1
= 2{(sin2 x + cos2 x) (sin4 x + cos4 x – sin2 x
cos2 x} – 3{(sin2 x) 2 + (cos2 x) 2 + 2sin2 x cos2 x – 2sin2 x cos2 x} + 1
= 2{(1) (sin4 x + cos4 x + 2 sin2 x cos2 x – 3
sin2 x cos2 x} – 3{(sin2 x + cos2 x) 2 – 2sin2 x cos2 x} + 1
 RD Sharma Solutions for Class 11 Maths Chapter 9 – Values of
Trigonometric Functions at Multiples and Submultiples of an Angle

We know, sin2 x + cos2 x = 1

= 2{(sin2 x + cos2 x) 2 – 3 sin2 x cos2 x} – 3{(1)2 –
2sin2 x cos2 x} + 1
= 2{(1)2 – 3 sin2 x cos2 x} – 3(1 – 2sin2 x cos2 x) + 1
= 2(1 – 3 sin2 x cos2 x) – 3 + 6 sin2 x cos2 x + 1
= 2 – 6 sin2 x cos2 x – 2 + 6 sin2 x cos2 x
=0
= RHS
Hence proved.

21. cos6 x – sin6 x = cos 2x (1 – 1/4 sin2 2x)

Solution:
Let us consider LHS:
cos6 x – sin6 x
We know, (a + b) 2 = a2 + b2 + 2ab
a3 – b3 = (a – b) (a2 + b2 + ab)
So,
cos6 x – sin6 x = (cos2 x)3 – (sin2 x)3
= (cos2 x – sin2 x) (cos4 x + sin4 x + cos2 x sin2 x)
We know, cos 2x = cos2 x – sin2 x
So,
= cos 2x [(cos2 x) 2 + (sin2 x) 2 + 2 cos2 x sin2 x – cos2 x sin2 x]
= cos 2x [(cos2 x) 2 + (sin2 x) 2 – 1/4 × 4 cos2 x sin2 x]
We know, sin2 x + cos2 x = 1
So,
= cos 2x [(1)2 – 1/4 × (2 cos x sin x) 2]
We know, sin 2x = 2 sin x cos x
So,
= cos 2x [1 – 1/4 × (sin 2x) 2]
= cos 2x [1 – 1/4 × sin2 2x]
= RHS
Hence proved.

22. tan (π/4 + x) + tan (π/4 - x) = 2 sec 2x

Solution:
Let us consider LHS:
tan (π/4 + x) + tan (π/4 - x)
We know,
 RD Sharma Solutions for Class 11 Maths Chapter 9 – Values of
Trigonometric Functions at Multiples and Submultiples of an Angle

tan (A+B) = (tan A + tan B)/(1- tan A tan B)

tan (A-B) = (tan A - tan B)/(1+ tan A tan B)
So,
RD Sharma Solutions for Class 11 Maths Chapter 9 – Values of
Trigonometric Functions at Multiples and Submultiples of an Angle
 RD Sharma Solutions for Class 11 Maths Chapter 9 – Values of
Trigonometric Functions at Multiples and Submultiples of an Angle

EXERCISE 9.2 PAGE NO: 9.36

Prove that:
1. sin 5x = 5 sin x – 20 sin3 x + 16 sin5 x
Solution:
Let us consider LHS:
sin 5x
Now,
sin 5x = sin (3x + 2x)
But we know,
Sin (x + y) = sin x cos y + cos x sin y…..(i)
So,
sin 5x = sin 3x cos 2x + cos 3x sin 2x
= sin (2x + x) cos 2x + cos (2x + x) sin 2x……..(ii)
And
cos (x + y) = cos x cos y – sin x sin y……(iii)
Now substituting equation (i) and (iii) in equation (ii), we get
sin 5x = (sin 2x cos x + cos 2x sin x ) cos 2x + ( cos 2x cos x – sin 2x sin x) sin 2x
= sin 2x cos 2x cos x + cos2 2x sin x + (sin 2x cos 2x cos x – sin2 2x sin x)
= 2sin 2x cos 2x cos x + cos2 2x sin x – sin2 2x sin x …….(iv)

Now sin 2x = 2sin x cos x………(v)

And cos 2x = cos2x – sin2x………(vi)
Substituting equation (v) and (vi) in equation (iv), we get
sin 5x = 2(2sin x cos x) (cos2x –sin2x) cos x + (cos2x – sin2x)2 sin x – (2sin x cos x)2 sin x
= 4(sin x cos2 x) ([1– sin2x] – sin2x) + ([1–sin2x] – sin2x)2 sin x – (4sin2 x cos2 x)sin
x
(as cos2x + sin2x = 1 ⇒ cos2x = 1– sin2x)
sin 5x = 4(sin x [1 – sin2x]) (1 – 2sin2x) + (1 – 2sin2x)2 sin x – 4sin3 x [1 – sin2x]
= 4sin x (1 – sin2x) (1 – 2sin2 x) + (1 – 4sin2x + 4sin4x) sin x – 4sin3 x + 4sin5x
= (4sin x – 4sin3x) (1 – 2sin2x) + sin x – 4sin3x + 4sin5x – 4sin3 x + 4sin5x
= 4sin x – 8sin3x – 4sin3x + 8sin5x + sin x – 8sin3x + 8sin5x
= 5sin x – 20sin3x + 16sin5x
= RHS
Hence proved.

2. 4 (cos3 10o + sin3 20o) = 3 (cos 10o + sin 20o)

Solution:
Let us consider LHS:
 RD Sharma Solutions for Class 11 Maths Chapter 9 – Values of
Trigonometric Functions at Multiples and Submultiples of an Angle

4 (cos3 10o + sin3 20o)

We know that, sin 60o = √3/2 = cos 30o
Sin 30o = cos 60o = 1/2
So,
Sin (3×20o) = cos (3×10o)
3sin 20°– 4sin320° = 4cos310° – 3cos 10°
(we know, sin 3θ = 3sin θ – 4sin3 θ and cos 3θ = 4cos3θ – 3cosθ)
So,
4(cos310°+sin320°) = 3(sin 20°+cos 10°)
= RHS
Hence proved.

3. cos3 x sin 3x + sin3 x cos 3x = 3/4 sin 4x

Solution:
We know that,
cos 3θ = 4cos3θ – 3cosθ
So, 4 cos3θ = cos3θ + 3cosθ
cos3 θ = [cos3θ + 3cosθ]/4 …… (i)
Similarly,
sin 3θ = 3sin θ – 4sin3 θ
4 sin3θ = 3sinθ – sin 3θ
sin3θ = [3sinθ – sin 3θ]/4 …….. (ii)
Now,
Let us consider LHS:
cos3 x sin 3x + sin3 x cos 3x
Substituting the values from equation (i) and (ii), we get
cos3 x sin 3x + sin3 x cos 3x = (cos 3x + 3 cos x)/4 sin 3x + (3sin x – sin 3x)/4 cos 3x
= 1/4 (sin 3x cos 3x + 3 sin 3x cox x + 3sin x cos 3x – sin 3x cos 3x)
= 1/4 (3(sin 3x cos x + sin x cos 3x) + 0)
= 1/4 (3 sin (3x + x))
(We know, sin(x + y) = sin x cos y + cos x sin y)
= 3/4 sin 4x
= RHS
Hence proved.

4. sin 5x = 5 cos4 x sin x – 10 cos2 x sin3 x + sin5 x

Solution:
Let us consider LHS:
sin 5x
 RD Sharma Solutions for Class 11 Maths Chapter 9 – Values of
Trigonometric Functions at Multiples and Submultiples of an Angle

Now,
sin 5x = sin (3x + 2x)
But we know,
Sin (x + y) = sin x cos y + cos x sin y…..(i)
So,
sin 5x = sin 3x cos 2x + cos 3x sin 2x
= sin (2x + x) cos 2x + cos (2x + x) sin 2x……..(ii)
And
cos (x + y) = cos x cos y – sin x sin y……(iii)
Now substituting equation (i) and (iii) in equation (ii), we get
sin 5x = (sin 2x cos x + cos 2x sin x ) cos 2x + ( cos 2x cos x – sin 2x sin x) sin 2x … (iv)

Now sin 2x = 2sin x cos x………(v)

And cos 2x = cos2x – sin2x………(vi)
Substituting equation (v) and (vi) in equation (iv), we get
sin 5x = [(2 sin x cos x) cos x + (cos2x – sin2x) sin x] (cos2x – sin2x) + [(cos2x – sin2x)
cos x – (2 sin x cos x) sin x)] (2 sin x cos x)
= [2 sin x cos2 x + sin x cos2x – sin3x] (cos2x – sin2x) + [cos3x – sin2x cos x – 2
sin2 x cos x] (2 sin x cos x)
= cos2x [3 sin x cos2 x – sin3x] – sin2x [3 sin x cos2 x – sin3x] + 2 sin x cos4x – 2
sin3 x cos2 x – 4 sin3 x cos2 x
= 3 sin x cos4 x – sin3x cos2x – 3 sin3 x cos2 x – sin5x + 2 sin x cos4x – 2 sin3 x
cos2 x – 4 sin3 x cos2 x
= 5 sin x cos4 x –10sin3xcos2x +sin5x
= RHS
Hence proved.

5. sin 5x = 5 sin x – 20 sin3 x + 16 sin5 x

Solution:
Let us consider LHS:
sin 5x
Now,
sin 5x = sin (3x + 2x)
But we know,
Sin (x + y) = sin x cos y + cos x sin y…..(i)
So,
sin 5x = sin 3x cos 2x + cos 3x sin 2x
= sin (2x + x) cos 2x + cos (2x + x) sin 2x……..(ii)
And
 RD Sharma Solutions for Class 11 Maths Chapter 9 – Values of
Trigonometric Functions at Multiples and Submultiples of an Angle

cos (x + y) = cos x cos y – sin x sin y……(iii)

Now substituting equation (i) and (iii) in equation (ii), we get
sin 5x = (sin 2x cos x + cos 2x sin x ) cos 2x + ( cos 2x cos x – sin 2x sin x) sin 2x
= sin 2x cos 2x cos x + cos2 2x sin x + (sin 2x cos 2x cos x – sin2 2x sin x)
= 2sin 2x cos 2x cos x + cos2 2x sin x – sin2 2x sin x …….(iv)

Now sin 2x = 2sin x cos x………(v)

And cos 2x = cos2x – sin2x………(vi)
Substituting equation (v) and (vi) in equation (iv), we get
sin 5x = 2(2sin x cos x) (cos2x –sin2x) cos x + (cos2x – sin2x)2 sin x – (2sin x cos x)2 sin x
= 4(sin x cos2 x) ([1– sin2x] – sin2x) + ([1–sin2x] – sin2x)2 sin x – (4sin2 x cos2 x)sin
x
(as cos2x + sin2x = 1 ⇒ cos2x = 1– sin2x)
sin 5x = 4(sin x [1 – sin2x]) (1 – 2sin2x) + (1 – 2sin2x)2 sin x – 4sin3 x [1 – sin2x]
= 4sin x (1 – sin2x) (1 – 2sin2 x) + (1 – 4sin2x + 4sin4x) sin x – 4sin3 x + 4sin5x
= (4sin x – 4sin3x) (1 – 2sin2x) + sin x – 4sin3x + 4sin5x – 4sin3 x + 4sin5x
= 4sin x – 8sin3x – 4sin3x + 8sin5x + sin x – 8sin3x + 8sin5x
= 5sin x – 20sin3x + 16sin5x
= RHS
Hence proved.
RD Sharma Solutions for Class 11 Maths Chapter 9 – Values of
Trigonometric Functions at Multiples and Submultiples of an Angle
 RD Sharma Solutions for Class 11 Maths Chapter 9 – Values of
Trigonometric Functions at Multiples and Submultiples of an Angle

EXERCISE 9.3 PAGE NO: 9.42

Prove that:
1. sin2 2π/5 – sin2 π/3 = (√5 - 1)/8
Solution:
Let us consider LHS:
sin2 2π/5 – sin2 π/3 = sin2 (π/2 - π/10) – sin2 π/3
we know, sin (90°– A) = cos A
So, sin2 (π/2 - π/10) = cos2 π/10
Sin π/3 = √3/2
Then the above equation becomes,
= Cos2 π/10 – (√3/2)2
We know, cos π/10 = √(10+2√5)/4
the above equation becomes,
= [√(10+2√5)/4]2 – 3/4
= [10 + 2√5]/16 – 3/4
= [10 + 2√5 - 12]/16
= [2√5 – 2]/16
= [√5 – 1]/8
= RHS
Hence proved.

2. sin2 24o – sin2 6o = (√5 - 1)/8

Solution:
Let us consider LHS:
sin2 24o – sin2 6o
we know, sin (A + B) sin (A – B) = sin2A – sin2B
Then the above equation becomes,
sin2 24o – sin2 6o = sin (24o + 6o) × sin (24o – 6o)
= sin 30o × sin 18o
= sin 30o × (√5 - 1)/4 [since, sin 18o = (√5 - 1)/4]
= 1/2 × (√5 - 1)/4
= (√5 - 1)/8
= RHS
Hence proved.

3. sin2 42o – cos2 78o = (√5 + 1)/8

Solution:
Let us consider LHS:
 RD Sharma Solutions for Class 11 Maths Chapter 9 – Values of
Trigonometric Functions at Multiples and Submultiples of an Angle

sin2 42o – cos2 78o = sin2 (90o – 48o) – cos2 (90o – 12o)
= cos2 48o – sin2 12o [since, sin (90 - A) = cos A and cos (90 - A) = sin A]
We know, cos (A + B) cos (A – B) = cos2A – sin2B
Then the above equation becomes,
= cos2 (48o + 12o) cos (48o – 12o)
= cos 60o cos 36o [since, cos 36o = (√5 + 1)/4]
= 1/2 × (√5 + 1)/4
= (√5 + 1)/8
= RHS
Hence proved.

4. cos 78o cos 42o cos 36o = 1/8

Solution:
Let us consider LHS:
cos 78o cos 42o cos 36o
Let us multiply and divide by 2 we get,
cos 78o cos 42o cos 36o = 1/2 (2 cos 78o cos 42o cos 36o)
We know, 2 cos A cos B = cos (A + B) + cos (A – B)
Then the above equation becomes,
= 1/2 (cos (78o + 42o) + cos (78o – 42o)) × cos 36o
= 1/2 (cos 120o + cos 36o) × cos 36o
= 1/2 (cos (180o – 60o) + cos 36o) × cos 36o
= 1/2 (-cos (60o) + cos 36o) × cos 36o [since, cos(180° – A) = – A]
= 1/2 (-1/2 + (√5 + 1)/4) ((√5 + 1)/4) [since, cos 36o = (√5 + 1)/4]
= 1/2 (√5 + 1 - 2)/4 ((√5 + 1)/4)
= 1/2 (√5 - 1)/4) ((√5 + 1)/4)
= 1/2 ((√5)2 - 12)/16
= 1/2 (5-1)/16
= 1/2 (4/16)
= 1/8
= RHS
Hence proved.

5. cos π/15 cos 2π/15 cos 4π/15 cos 7π/15 = 1/16

Solution:
Let us consider LHS:
cos π/15 cos 2π/15 cos 4π/15 cos 7π/15
Let us multiply and divide by 2 sin π/15, we get,
= [2 sin π/15 cos π/15] cos 2π/15 cos 4π/15 cos 7π/15] / 2 sin π/15
 RD Sharma Solutions for Class 11 Maths Chapter 9 – Values of
Trigonometric Functions at Multiples and Submultiples of an Angle

We know, 2sin A cos A = sin 2A

Then the above equation becomes,
= [(sin 2π/15) cos 2π/15 cos 4π/15 cos 7π/15] / 2 sin π/15
Now, multiply and divide by 2 we get,
= [(2 sin 2π/15 cos 2π/15) cos 4π/15 cos 7π/15] / 2 × 2 sin π/15
We know, 2sin A cos A = sin 2A
Then the above equation becomes,
= [(sin 4π/15) cos 4π/15 cos 7π/15] / 4 sin π/15
Now, multiply and divide by 2 we get,
= [(2 sin 4π/15 cos 4π/15) cos 7π/15] / 2 × 4 sin π/15
We know, 2sin A cos A = sin 2A
Then the above equation becomes,
= [(sin 8π/15) cos 7π/15] / 8 sin π/15
Now, multiply and divide by 2 we get,
= [2 sin 8π/15 cos 7π/15] / 2 × 8 sin π/15
We know, 2sin A cos B = sin (A+B) + sin (A–B)
Then the above equation becomes,
= [sin (8π/15 + 7π/15) + sin (8π/15 - 7π/15)] / 16 sin π/15
= [sin (π) + sin (π/15)] / 16 sin π/15
= [0 + sin (π/15)] / 16 sin π/15
= sin (π/15) / 16 sin π/15
= 1/16
= RHS
Hence proved.