Madhya Pradesh Bhoj (Open) University

M.Sc. IT (Final Year)

Syllabus for the session 2006-07 & onwards

MIT-09 Discrete Mathematics

Unit – I
Arithmetic Progression, Sequence, Series, Arithmetic Progression, The General Term or
Nth Term of an AP., The Sum of n terms of an AP., Arithmetic Mean, AM. of two Given
Numbers, Insertion of N AM. Between Two Given Numbers Properties of A P. Geometric
Progression, Definition, The Nth Term of G.P., The Sum of N Terms of a G.P., The Sum of
an Infinite G.P., Recurring Decimal an Infinite G.P., Geometric Means, Geometric Mean of
Two Given Numbers A And B Insertion of N Geometric Means Between Two Quantities
Properties of G.P., To Find the Sum of N Terms of the Series.
Harmonic Progression, Definition, Harmonic Mean (H.M) of Two Given Numbers Relation
between AM., G.M. and H.M.

Unit – II
Miscellaneous Series, , Arithmetic - Geometric Series, The Sum of n Terms of the
Arithmetic - Geometric Series Sigma CE) Notation, Sum of first N Natural Numbers, The
Sum of the Squares of First n Natural Numbers The Sum of the Cubes of th First n Natural
Numbers Method of Difference.
Set Theory, , The Concept of a Set, Notations, Representation of a Set, Types of Sets,
Theorem on Subsets, Number of Subsets of a Set, Venn Diagram, Set Operations, Laws of
Union of sets, Laws of Intersection of Sets, Law of Complement of a Set, Theorem (on
Symmetric Difference) De-Morgan's Laws, Applications of Venn Diagrams.

Unit – III
Ordered Pairs, Relations & Functions Ordered Pairs, Equality of Ordered Pairs, Cartesian
Product of Sets, Theorems on Cartesian Products' Relation, Domain and Range of a Relation,
Inverse Relation, The Inverse of an Inverse Relation, Binary (or Dyadic) relations , Type of
Relations, Equivalence Relations, Equivalence Class, Properties of Equivalence Classes
Composition of Two Relations, Partition of a Set, Partial Order, Theorem, Functions
(Mapping), Types of Mapping, Other Specific Mappings, Types of Binary Operations,
Algebraic Structure, Graph of a Function, Real Valued Map., Product of 'Functions, Method
of Construction of Operation Table Countable and-Uncountable Sets.
Group Theory, Introduction-Algebraic Structures, Groups: Definition, Abelian Group,
Order of a Group, Semi-group, Some General Properties of Groups, Some Important
Theorems on Groups, Theorem on Subgroups, Homomorphism (Definition), Isomorphism
(Definition), Theorems on Homomorphism, Definition (Kernel of f), Theorems on
Homomorphism, Definition (Cyclic Groups), Fundamental Theorem of Homomorphism,
Unit – IV
Rings and Fields, Quotient Spaces, Rings in General, Some Special Classes of Rings, Field
and its Axioms, Sub-ring and Sub-fields, Vector Space, Definition, Linear Combination,
Linear Independence and linear Dependence, Basis of Vector Space, Vector Space of linear
Transformation, Linear Algebra, Algebra of Quaternions,

Unit – IV
Posets and lattices, Partially Ordered Sets (Posets), Totally Order Set, Diagrammatic
Representation of a Poset: (House diagrams) Definitions, Maximal Element, Minimal
Element, Duality, Product of Two Posets, lattice, Duality and the Idempotent Law, Semi-
lattices, Complete lattices, Sub lattice, Convex Sub lattice, Distributive lattice, Complements,
Complemented lattices. Boolean Algebra & Its Applications Boolean Expressions and
Boolean Functions Identities of Boolean Algebra, Duality, Algebra of Switching Circuits.
MIT-10 Advanced Java
Unit – I
The Genesis of Java, Introduction and Creation, Applets and Applications, Security,
Bytecodes, Java Buzzwords, Simple, Multi-threaded, Architecture Neutral, Java and Java
Script, New in JDK, An Overview of Java, What is an Object, Features of Object Oriented
Programming, The First Simple Programme, Compiling, Data Types, Variables and
Arrays, Data Types in Java, Literals, Characters, Variable Declaration, Symbolic Constants,
Type Casting, Arrays, Vectors, Array Declaration Syntax, Operating in Java, Arithmetic
Operators, Basic Assignment Operators, Relational Operators, Boolean Logical Operators,
Ternary Operator, Operator Precedence, Control Statements, Java's Selection Statements,
Switch, Nested Switch, Iteration Constructs, Continue, Return.

Unit - II
Class an Introduction, What is a Class, What are Methods, Methods and Classes in
Details, Methods Overloading, Constructor Overloading, Objects as Parameters, Returning
objects, Recursion, Access Control/ Visibility, Understanding Static, Final, Nested and Inner
Classes, The String Class, Command Line Arguments, Inheritance, Inheritance Basic,
Member Access and Inheritance, Super Class Variable and Sub Class Object, Using Super to
Call Superclass Constructors, Another Use of Super, Multilevel hierarchy, Calling
Constructor, Overriding Methods, Abstract Classes Method, Final and Inheritance, Object
Class, Interfaces and Packages, Defining Interface, What is a Package, Class path Variable,
access Protection, Important Packages, Exception Handling, Fundamentals of Exception
Handling, Types of Exceptions, Uncaught Exceptions, Try and Catch Keywords, Throw,
Throws and Finally, Nested Try Statements, Java Built in Exceptions, User Defined
Exceptions.

Unit – III
Multithreaded Programming, The Java Thread Model, Priorities, Synchronization,
Messaging, Thread Class and Runnable Interface, Creation of Threads, Creating Multiple
Threads, Synchronization and Deadlock, Suspending, Resuming and Stopping Threads,
Applets and Input Output, Input/Output Basics, Streams (Byte and Character), Reading
From and writing to Console, Reading and Writing Files, Printwriter Class, Fundamentals Of
Applets, Transient and Volatile Modifier, Strictfp, Native Methods, Problems with Native
Methods, Handling Strings, String Length, Operations on Strings, Extract Character
Methods, String Comparison Methods, Searching and Modifying, Data Conversion and
Value of () Methods, Changing Case of Characters, String Buffer, Exploring Java. Lang,
Wrapper Classes and Simple Type Wrappers, Void, Abstract Process Class, Runtime Class
and Memory Management, Other Programme Execution, System Class, Environment
Properties, Using Clone () and Clonable () Interface, Class and Class loader, Math Class,
Thread, Thread Group and Runnable Interface, Throwable Class, Security Manager, The
java. lang. ref and java. lang. reflect packages, Java..Util-The Utility Classes, The
Enumeration Interface, Vector, Stack, Dictionary, Hash table, Properties, Using Store () and
Load (), String Tokenizer, Bit set Class, Date and Date Comparison, Time Zones, Random
Class, Observe
Unit – IV
Input Output Classes, File in Java, Directory, File Name Filter Interface, Creating
Directory, The Stream Classes, Input Stream and Output Stream, File input Stream and File
Output Stream, Byte Array Input Stream and Byte Array Output Stream, Filtered Byte
Stream, Buffered ByteStream, Print Stream, Random Access File, Stream Tokenizer, Stream
Benefits, Networking, Basic of Networking, Proxy Server, Domain Naming Services,
Networking Classes and Interfaces, InetAddress Class, TCP/IP Sockets, Datagram Packet,
Networth, Applet Class, Applet Basics, Applet Life Cycle, A Simple Banner Applet,
Handling Events, getDocumentBase(), getCodeBase(), showDocumentBase(), Audio Clip
and Applet Stub interface, AWT: Windows, Graphics and Text, AWT Classes, Window
Fundamentals, Working With Frame Windows, Frame Window in An Applet, Event
Handling in a Frame Window, A Window Program, Displaying Information While Working
with Graphics and Color, Working With Fonts, Managing Text Output Using Font metrics,
Exploring Text and Graphics, AWT: Controls, Layouts and Menus, Control Fundamentals,
Layouts, Menus, Dialog Class, Other Controls.

Unit - V
Images, File Formats, Image Fundamentals, Image Observer, Mediatracker, JDBC, JDBC
Introduction of Class and Methods, Register Driver, Establish a Session, Execute a Query,
Result Set, Closing the Session, Swings, JAPPLET, Java Beans, What is a Java Bean?
Advantages of Java Beans, Application Builder Tools, The Bean Developer Kit (BDK), JAR
Files, Introspection, Developing a Simple Bean, Using Bound Properties, Using The Bean
Info Interface, Constrained Properties, Persistence, Customisers, The Basic Servlet API,
The Get Method, The POST Method, Mime Content Types, Java and Corba Connectivity,
The Compatibility Problem, An Overview of IDI And liop, A Working COBRA System,
CORBA Servers, CORBA Clients, A Simple CORBA Service, Legacy Applications and
Corba .
MIT-11 Microprocessor and Assembly Language Programming
Unit – I
Introduction to Microprocessor, Evolution of Microprocessor, Overview of Intel Pro-
Pentium, Motorola 68000 Series, Introduction to DEC Alpha, Power PC, RISC & CISC
Architecture

Unit – II
Basic Microprocessor Architecture and Interface, Internal Architecture, External System
Bus Architecture, Memory and Input/Output Interface

Unit – III
Programming Mode, Register Organization of 8086, Memory Addressing and Instruction
Formats, Memory Interfacing, Cache Memory and Cache Controllers

Unit – IV
Basic I/O Interface, I/O Interface, 8255 Programmable Interface, 8254 Programmable
Timer, 8251 Programmable/Communication Interface, Interrupts, 8259 Programmable
Interrupts Controller

Unit – V
8086 Assembly Language Programming, Introduction set of 8086, Assembler Directives
and Operators, A Few Machine Level Programs, Machine coding and Programs,
Programming with an Assembler, Assembly Language Example Programs
MIT-12 Numerical Methods and Statistical Analysis
Unit – I
Introduction, Limitation of Number Representation, Arithmetic rules for Floating Point
Numbers, Errors in Numbers, Measurement of Errors, Solving Equations, Introduction,
Bisection Method, Regula Falsi Method, Secant Method, Convergence of the iterative
methods.

Unit – II
Interpolation, Introduction, Lagrange Interpolation, Finite Differences, Truncation Error in
Interpolation, Curve Fitting, Introduction, Linear Regression, Polynomial Regression,
Fitting Exponential and Trigonometric Functions

Unit – III
Numerical Differentiation and Integration, Introduction, Numerical Differentiation
Formulae, Numerical Integration Formulae, Simpson's Rule, Errors in Integration Formulae,
Gaussian Quadrature Formulae, Comparison of Integration Formulae, Solving Numerical
Differential Equations, Introduction, Euler's Method, Taylor Series Method, Runge-Kutta
Method, Higher Order Differential Equations.
Unit – IV
Introduction to Statistical Computation, History of Statistics, Meaning and scope of
Statistics, Various measures of Average, Median, Mode, Geometric Mean, Harmonic Mean,
Measures of Dispersion, Range, Standard Deviation, Probability Distributions,
Introduction, Counting Techniques, Probability, Axiomatic or Modern Approach to
Probability, Theorems on Probability, Probability Distribution of a Random Variable, Mean
and Variance of a Random Variable, Standard Probability Distributions, Binomial
Distribution, Hyper geometric Distribution Geometrical Distribution, Uniform Distribution
(Discrete Random Variable), Poisson Distribution, Exponential Distribution, Uniform
Distribution (Continuous Variable), Normal Distribution

Unit – V
Estimation, Sampling Theory, Parameter and Statistic, Sampling Distribution of Sample
Mean, Sampling Distribution of the Number of Successes, The Student's Distribution,
Theory of Estimation, Point Estimation, Interval Estimation, Hypothesis Testing, Test of
Hypothesis, Test of Hypothesis Concerning Mean, Test of Hypothesis Concerning
Proportion, Test of Hypothesis Concerning Standard Deviation
MIT-13 Artificial Intelligence
Unit – I
What is Artificial Intelligence, Artificial Intelligence: An Introduction, AI Problems, The
Underlying Assumption, AI Techniques, Games, Theorem Proving, Natural Language
Processing, Vision Processing, Speech Processing, Robotics, Expert System, Search
Knowledge, Abstraction.

Unit – II
Problem, Problem Space and Search, Defining the Problem as a State Space, Production
Systems, Heuristic Search, Heuristic Search Techniques, Best-First Search, Branch-and-
Bound, Problem Reduction, Constraint Satisfaction, Means-End Analysis.
Knowledge Representation, Representation and Mapping, Approaches to Knowledge
Representation, Issues in Knowledge Representation, The Frame Problem.

Unit – III
Predicate Logic, Representing Simple Facts in Logic, Representing Instance and is a
Relationships, Modus Pones, Resolution, Natural Deduction, Dependency-Directed
Backtracking, Rule Based Systems, Procedural versus Declarative Knowledge, Forward
versus Backward Reasoning, Matching, Conflict Resolution, Use of Non Back Track,

Unit – IV
Structured Knowledge Representation Semantic Net, Semantic Nets, Frames, Slots
Exceptions, Slot-Values as Objects, Handling Uncertainties, Probabilistic Reasoning, Use of
Certainty Factor, Fuzzy Logic

Unit – V
Learning, Concept of Learning, Rote Learning, Learning by Taking Advice, Learning in
Problem Solving, Learning by Induction, Explanation-Based Learning, Learning
Automation, Learning in Neural Networks, Expert Systems, Need and Justification of
Expert Systems, MYCIN, Representing and Using Domain Knowledge, RI.
MIT-14 Computer Graphics
Unit – I
Computer Graphics Application : Introduction to Computer Graphics, Application of
Computer Graphics, Devices for Graphics Output, Monitor Basics, Picture Tube, Display
Basics, Text Mode and Graphics Mode, Adapters and Displays, Monochrome Display
Adapter (MDA), Color Graphics Adapter (CGA), Hercules Graphics Card, Enhanced
Graphics Adapter, Professional Graphics Adapter, Digital vs Analog, Video Graphics Array,
Super VGA, Refresh Cathode-Ray Tubes, Raster-Scan Displays, Random-Scan Displays,
Computer Display, Flat-Panel Displays, Raster Scan Systems, Random Scan Systems, Hard
Copy Output Devices

Unit – II
Graphics Input Devices, Keyboards, Mouse, Trackball and Spaceball, Joysticks, Data
Glove, Digitizers, Image Scanners, Touch Panels, Light Pens, Voice Systems, Input of
Graphical Data, Logical Classification of Input Devices, Input Functions, Initial Values for
Input Device Parameters, Interactive Picture Construction Techniques, Matrices and
Determinants, Matrices, Types of Matrices, Determinants, Matrix (Definition), Type of
Matrices, Submatrices of a Matrix: (Definition), Equality of Two Matrices: (Definition),
Addition of Matrices, Scalar Multiplication, Multiplication of Two Matrices (Definition),
Transpose of a Matrix (Definition), Symmetric and Skew-Symmetric Matrices, Adjoint and
Inverse of a Matrix, Determinants, Properties of Determinants
Vectors, Definition of a Vector, Vectors and Coordinate System, Algebra of Vectors
Addition, Multiplication of a Vector by a Scalar, Components of a Vector, Direction and
Magnitude of a Vector in Terms of its Components, Collinear and Coplanar Vectors, Some
Applications to Geometry.

Unit – III
Raster Scan Graphics, Derivative of a Function, Digital Differential Analyzer, Bresenham's
Algorithm, Integer Bresenham's Algorithm, General Bresenham's Algorithm, Circle
Generation - Bresenham's Algorithm, Scan Conversion-Generation of the Display, Real-
Time Scan Conversion, Run-Length Encoding, Cell Encoding, Frame Buffers, Addressing
the Raster, Line Display, Character Display, Solid Area Scan Conversion, Polygon Filling,
Scan-Converting Polygons, A Simple Ordered Edge List Algorithm, More Efficient Ordered
Edge List Algorithms, The Edge Fill Algorithm, The Edge Flag Algorithm, Seed Fill
Algorithms, A Simple Seed Fill Algorithm, A Scan Line Seed Fill Algorithm, Fundamentals
of Antialiasing, Simple Area Antialiasing, The Convolution Integral And Antialiasing, Half
toning, Windows and Clipping, Two-Dimensional Clipping, Sutherland-Cohen Subdivision
Line-Clipping Algorithm, Midpoint Subdivision Algorithm, Generalized Two-Dimensional
Line Clipping for Convex Boundaries
Unit – IV
2D- Transformation, Representation of Points, Transformations and Matrix, Transformation
of Straight Line, 2-D - Rotation, Reflection, Scaling, Combined Transformations, Translation
and Homogeneous Coordinates, Translation, Rotation about an Arbitrary Point, Reflection
through an Arbitrary Line, 3-D-Transformation, Representation of Points, 3D- Scaling, 3D-
Shearing, 3D- Rotation, Three Dimensional Translation, 3D- Reflection, Multiple
Transformations, Rotation about an Axis Parallel to a Coordinate Axis, Rotation about an
Arbitrary Axis in Space, Three.

Unit – V
The Dimensional Perspective Geometry, Geometric Projection, Orthographic Projections,
Oblique Projections, Perspective Transformations, Single-Point Perspective Transformation,
Two-Point Perspective Transformation, Three-Point Perspective Transformation.
Hidden-Surface, Lines and Bezier Curve, Hidden Surfaces and Lines, Back-Face
Detection, Back-Face Removal, Z-Buffers Algorithm, The Painter's Algorithm, Binary Space
Partition, Franklin Algorithm, Cubic Belier Curve (No Derivations Needed), Properties of
Bezier Curve, Joining Condition, Problems, Multimedia and Animation, Multimedia,
Multimedia Terms, Multimedia Hardware, Hardware Peripherals, Basic tools in Multimedia,
Multimedia Building Blocks (Media Forms/Elements), Sound, Image, Animation, Video,
JPEG, MPEG, DVI Indeo, P*64, Graphic File Formats, Multimedia Applications
MIT-15 Simulation and Modeling :
Unit – I
System, Introduction, System Study, System Examples.

Unit – II
Modeling and Simulation-I, System Modeling, system Simulation, Simulation and
Modeling Process
Modeling and Simulation-II, Introduction, Discrete System Models, Continuous System
Models, Modeling and Simulation Platforms, Introduction, SIMSCRIPT, GPSS, CSMP III

Unit – III
Model Verification and Validation, Validation and Verification, Estimation Methods,
Simulation Run Statistics, Replication of Runs, Regenerative Techniques

Unit – IV
Monte Carlo Methods, Introduction, Random Number Generation, Test for Randomness,
An Application

Unit – V
Application of Simulation and Modeling, Introduction, Application in Management,
Application in optimization, Application in Artificial Intelligence, Application in Sociology,
Application in Economics, Application in Life Sciences, Application in Database Designing,
Application in Computer Designing
MIT-16 Software Engineering
Unit – I
Introduction to Software and Software Engineering: The Origin of Software Engineering,
Characteristics of Software Engineering, Software Crisis, Software Engineering: Models :
Life Cycle Model, Spiral Model, Models of the Software Process

Unit- II
Software Engineering Methodologies: Software Process, Software Metrics, Configuration
Management Issues : Organizing the Process.

Unit – III
Software Requirement Analysis and Specification : Requirements Definition,
Nonfunctional Requirements Definition, Formal Specification, Algebraic Specification,
Model-based Specification, Z Schemas, Specification using Functions, Specification using
Sequences, Validation, The Prototyping Process, Prototyping Techniques

Unit- IV
Principles of Software Project Management : Principles of Software Project Management,
Principles or Laws of Project Management, Software Project and Personnel Planning, Cost
Estimation of Building a System, Software Metrics, The Project Plan, Resource Tracking and
Stimulation Example, Quality Assurance Planning, Risk Analysis

Unit - V
Software Design : Top-down Design, Systems Design, Design Decomposition, Software
Design Quality, Design Description Languages, User Interface Design, User Interface Design
Objectives, Function-oriented Design, Data-flow Diagrams, Structure Charts, Data
Dictionaries, Deriving Structure Charts, Design Example, Concurrent Systems Design,
Object-oriented Design, Inappropriate Object-oriented Design, Design Quality Assurance,
Design Reviews, Design Quality Metrics, User Interface Evaluation, Verification and
Validation, The Output Interface.