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Midpoint Voltage Regulation of Transmiss

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210 views4 pages

Midpoint Voltage Regulation of Transmiss

Uploaded by

Adel El-Nahas
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Midpoint Voltage Regulation of

Transmission Lines and compensation in Pakistan


Scenario
Adil Farooq, Ali Saad and Muhammad Zuhaib
Department of Electronic Engineering
Faculty of Engineering and Technology
International Islamic university Islamabad Pakistan
[email protected], [email protected]

Abstract— When we need to transmit electrical power to a far power system properties such as steady state stability limits,
places like from Mangla Dam to Gujranwala there is need of long voltage regulation and var compensation, dynamic over
transmission lines, we have to maintain the steady voltage level at voltage and under voltage control, counteracting
sending to receiving end but due to different parameters of subsynchronous resonance, and damp power oscillations [1-2].
transmission line such as inductance, capacitance and resistance STATCOM is basically a voltage source converter, VSC that
etc., losses occur and voltage regulation is necessary then we have converts a dc voltage at its input terminals into three-phase ac
to need the var compensators like SVC and STATCOM, Voltage voltages at fundamental frequency of controlled magnitude
regulating systems such as Static var Compensator (SVC) and and phase angle. The basic principle of operation of a
STATCOM, when these are placed at the midpoint of a long STATCOM is the generation of a controllable AC voltage
transmission line, play an important role in controlling source behind a transformer leakage reactance by a voltage
thereactive power flow to the power network and hence both the source converter connected to a DC capacitor. The voltage
system voltage fluctuations and transient stability. In this project difference across the reactance produces active and reactive
we’ll first calculate the voltage regulation, value of capacitance power exchanges between the STATCOM and the power
required to stabilize the var and explain the principle structures system [3]. We discuss in this paper response of STATCOM
of STATCOM and the effect of this device on midpoint voltage and SVC.
regulation. Moreover, the performance of the STATCOM is
compared with that of conventional static var compensator
(SVC) under fault condition. At the last we’ll simulate our
project in Mat lab using the tool named as POWER_STATCOM
and conclude that STATCOM is effective in midpoint voltage
regulation on transmission line than SVC.
Keywords AC Power transmission, Voltage Regulation, SVC,
STATCOM.

I. INTRODUCTION
As we know that at Electric power generating station are
mostly far away from distribution station so that we require
long transmissions to facilitate the consumers. And due to
those long transmission lines losses occurs due to inductive,
capacitive and resistive parameters. and voltage drop occurs
from sending end to receiving end. Moreover the most of the
appliances used in commercial and houses are inductive like Figure 1 Power Diagram
fans, heavy duty motors, water pumps, transformer etc. These
appliances feedback var power to the source which can melt II. PERCENTAGE VOLTAGE REGULATION
out the source winding that is very dangerous for source. Var
Let us consider how to calculate the voltage Drop and
power feedback effects on source and power factor. regulation of short transmission line:
One way to control and damp voltage oscillations is by Table I.
injection of leading or lagging reactive current at and around Parameters Value
the point of connection. There are various shunt connected Line Load Votage 11KV
FACTS devices; the major ones in terms of applications are frequency 50Hz
the static VAR compensator (SVC) and static synchronous Resistance 0.279 Ω
compensator (STATCOM). SVCs are well known to improve Reactance 0Ω

Adil Farooq | Introduction 21


Power factor 0.8 Parameters Values
Length From source to first load Source Voltage 500KV
Frequency 60Hz
Source Power 3000MVA
Total Line Length 600Km
Equivalent Impedance of STATCOM 0.22pu
Equivalent Capacitance of STATCOM 375uF
Modulation Frequency 1.68kHz
DC Link Voltage 40KV
Set these table values in above model in Fig.3.
IV. SIMULATION RESULTS
Open the STATCOM by writing command
“power_statcom” in matlab main window dialog box will
open in a while and Double click on STATCOM box and
Figure 2 Distribution System verify the following parameters:
“Display” is set to “Control parameters”
Voltage drop at Load A "Mode of operation" is set to "Voltage regulation" and that
A (I) = KW / 1.732xVoltxP.F [4] "External control of reference voltage Vref" is selected.
A (I) =1500 / 1.732x11000x0.8 = 98 Amp. Also, "Droop" =0.03 and the
Required No of conductor / Phase =98 / 205 =0.47 Amp "Vac Regulator Gains" =[5 1000]
=1 No Close the STATCOM dialog block and open the "Step Vref"
Vd = ((√3x (RCosΦ+XSinΦ) xI) / (Z/Phase x1000)) x L block by double clicking on the box and set the parameters
Vd = ((1.732x (0.272×0.8+0×0.6) x98) / 1×1000) x1500) as follows:
= 57 Volt “Time(s)”=[0 0.2 0.4 0.6]
Vr = Vs-Vd= (1100-57) = 10943 Volt. “Amplitude”=[1 0.97 1.03 1]
% V.R = ((Vs-Vr) / Vr) x100 Close the box and simulate the observe the both scope
%V.R = ((11000-10943) / 10943) x100 results shown in figure4 & 5
= 0.52% .
% Voltage Regulation at Point A =0.52 %

III. MATLAB STATCOM SIMULATION MODEL

Fig. 4 Vref signal along with the measured positive-sequence


voltage Vm at the STATCOM bus
Figure 3 Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM)
Used for Midpoint Voltage Regulation on a 500-kV Transmission
Line.
Table1I. The parameter values of the system

Adil Farooq | MATLAB STATCOM SIMULATION MODEL 22


Fig. 7 Reference and real values of Id
Fig. 5 The reactive power Qmabsorbed (positive value) or
generated (negative value) by the STATCOM Now Set the
"Droop" =0.03 and the
Now To see the effect of the regulator gains, set "Vac Regulator Gains" =[5 1000]
"Vac Regulator Gains" =[10 2000] If you then run a simulation, you will see that the measured
And rerun the simulation. You should observe a much faster voltage Vm now follows perfectly the reference voltage Vref.
response with a small overshoot. Looking at the V m and Vref
We programmed the fault breaker by selecting the
signals, you can see that the STATCOM does not operate as a
parameters "Switching of phase A, B and C" and verify that
perfect voltage regulator (Vmdoes not follow exactly the
the breaker is programmed as shown in figure 8 below.
reference voltage Vref).

Fig. 8 Parameter Selection


Fig. 6 Changes of active power
And at the last, set the STATCOM

Adil Farooq | SIMULATION RESULTS 23


"Droop" =0.03 and the and how it is compensated by using different compensators
"Vac Regulator Gains" =[5 1000] like capacitor bank also known as SVC and STATCOM. In
Run the simulation and look at results. Fig. 9 and Fig. 10 this project we explained how to calculate regulation of a
show active and reactive power changes. transmission line and how we can regulate, stabilize and
normalize the voltage. After regulation our power factor is
improved and transmission becomes more reliable. Using
Matlab tool we compare the compensators which one is
more efficiently compensates var power and from
simulation results it is prove that STATCOMs is more
efficient than SVCs and can be preferred in industrial
network grids and under distorted mains.

REFERENCES
[1] A. E. Hamad, "Analysis of Power System Stability Enhancement by
Static VAR Compensators", IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 1(4):
222-227, 1986.
[2] S. H. Hosseini and O. Mirshekhar, "Optimal Control of SVC for
Subsynchrnous Resonance Stability in Typical Power System", Proc.
ISIE, 2: 916-921, 2001.
[3] H. Wang and F. Li, "Multivariable Sampled Regulators for the
Coordinated Control of STATCOM AC and DC Voltage", IEE
Proc.- Gener. Transm. Distrib, 147(2): 93-98, 2000.
[4] http://electrical4u.com/performance-of-transmission-line/

Fig. 9 Active Power

Fig. 10 Reactive Power

V. CONCLUSION
This work illustrates in detail how var power is generated

Adil Farooq | References 24

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