North South University

Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering

LAB REPORT
Course Code: EEE141L.2
Course Title: EEE141L Electrical Circuits Lab
Course Instructor: Dr. Mohammad Abdul Matin
Experiment Number: 02
Experiment Name:
KCL, Current Divider Rule with Parallel and Ladder Circuit

Experiment Date: 07/11/2021

Date of Submission: 13/11/2021
Section: 02
Group Number: None
Submitted To: Tabia Hossain
Submitted By Score

Student Name and ID:

Name: Md. Misbah Khan
ID: 2132089643
Objectives:
• Learn how to connect a parallel circuit on a breadboard.
• Validate the current divider rules.
• Verify Kirchhoff’s current law.
• Verify KCL and KVL in ladder circuit.

List of Components:
•Breadboard .
•Resistors (1K, 3.3 KΩ, 4.7 KΩ, 5.6K, 10K) .
•Digital Multimeter (DMM) .
• Connecting Wire.
• NI Multisim 14.0 software.

Theory:
Kirchhoff’s Current Law states that the algebraic sum of all currents entering and
exiting a node must equal zero. That means Σ IIN = Σ IOUT.

In this figure, i1, i3, and i4 are incoming current in the node, and i2 and i5 are out going
currents. According to KCL, in this circuit:

i1 + i3 + i4 = i2 + i5

Current Division Rule: The total current i is shared by the resistors in inverse proportion
to their resistances. This is known as the principle of current division
For 2 resistor in parallel:
Circuit Diagram:
R R1 R3 R5
3 2 3
1.0kΩ 1kΩ 4.7kΩ 1.0kΩ
5
1 1
R1 R2 R3
E 3.3kΩ 4.7kΩ 5.6kΩ V1 R2 R4 R6
10kΩ 3.3kΩ 1.0kΩ
10V 12V

0 0

Circuit 1 circuit 2

Data:

Table 1:
Experimental readings Theoretical values

IS IR1 IR2 IR3 IS IR1 IR2 IR3

4.098 mA 1.788 mA 1.256 mA 1.054 mA 4.08 mA 1.788 mA 1.256 mA 1.054 mA

% Error

IS IR1 IR2 IR3

0% 0% 0% 0%

Circuit with DMM

Theoretical calculation for table 1:
In circuit 1,
R = 1kΩ
R1 = 3.3kΩ
R2 = 4.7kΩ
R3 = 5.6kΩ
In this circuit, R1 , R2 and R3 is in parallel and they are
connected in series with R. So,
1
Req=( 1 1 1 + 1)kΩ
+ +
3.3kΩ 4.7kΩ 5.6kΩ

=2.44 kΩ

Now,
𝐸 10
IS= = = 4.098 mA
Req 2.44

𝑅𝑇 1.44
IR1= × IS = × 4.098 = 1.788 mA
𝑅1 3.3

𝑅𝑇 1.44
IR2= × IS = × 4.098 = 1.256 mA
𝑅2 4.7

𝑅𝑇 1.44
IR3= × IS = × 4.098 = 1.054 mA
𝑅3 5.6

Error:
|(4.098 – 4.098)|
Error for IS = % = 0%
4.098
|(1.788 – 1.788)|
Error for IR1 = % = 0%
1.788
|(1.256 – 1.256)|
Error for IR2 = % = 0%
1.256
|(1.054 – 1.054)|
Error for IR3 = % = 0%
1.054
Table 2:

IS Is Total Current equal to sum individual current?

Sum of individual 1.788mA+1.256mA+1.054mA Yes they are same

Current =4.098 mA
(IR1 + IR1 + IR3)

Table 3:
Experimental Req Theoretical Req % Error
2.44 kΩ 2.44 kΩ 0%

Theoretical calculation for table 3:

In circuit 1,
R = 1kΩ
R1 = 3.3kΩ
R2 = 4.7kΩ
R3 = 5.6kΩ

In this circuit, R1, R2 and R3 is in parallel. So,

1 1 1 1
= + +
RT R1 R2 R3
1 1 1 1
Or, = + +
RT 3.3kΩ 4.7kΩ 5.6kΩ
1
Or, =0.694 kΩ
RT
Or, RT = 1.44 kΩ

Now, RT and R is connected in series, So,

Req= RT + R
= (1.44+1) kΩ
= 2.44 kΩ

|(2.44 – 2.44)|
Error = % = 0%
2.44
Table 4:

Component Voltage Current

E 12 v 2.538 mA

R1 2.538 v 2.538 mA

R2 9.462 v 946.223 µA

R3 7.48 v 1.592 mA

R4 1.982 v 600.586 µA

R5 990.965 mv 990.966 µA

R6 990.965 mv 990.966 µA

Circuit with DMM

Circuit with DMM

Question & Answers:

Answer of question 1: Current Division Rule states that The total current is shared
by the resistors in inverse proportion to their resistances.

Answer of question 2:Kirchhoff’s Current Law states that the algebraic sum of all
currents entering and exiting a node must equal zero.

Answer of question 3:In circuit 2,

1st Loop = -E+VR1 +VR2
= (-12 + 2.538 + 9.462) v
=0v
2nd Loop = - VR2+ VR3+ VR4
=(-9.462+7.48+1.982) v
=0v
3rd loop = - VR4 + VR5 + VR3
= {-1.982+(990.965 x10-3 )+ (990.965 x10-3)} v
=0v
As the algebraic sum of all voltages is zero, this circuit follows
the Kirchoff’s voltage law

Answer of question 4:In circuit 2

Incoming current in node a is I1 = 2.538 mA
Outgoing current in node a is I2 +I3 = (946.223×10-3 + 1.592)mA
=2.583 mA
In node a, incoming current and outgoing current is same, so
Kirchoff’s current law is verified here

In node b,
Incoming current in node b is I3 = 1.592 mA
Outgoing current in node b is I4 +I5 = (600.586 ×10-3 +990.966 ×10-3)mA
=1.592 mA
Like node a, In node b, incoming current and outgoing current is
same, so Kirchoff’s current law is verified here
 Answer of question 5: In circuit 1,

R = 1kΩ
R1 = 3.3kΩ
R2 = 4.7kΩ
R3 = 5.6kΩ
In this circuit, R1 , R2 and R3 is in parallel and they are
connected in series with R. So,
1
Req=( 1 1 1 + 1)kΩ
+ +
3.3kΩ 4.7kΩ 5.6kΩ

=2.44 kΩ

Now,
𝐸 10
IS= = = 4.098 mA
Req 2.44

𝑅𝑇 1.44
IR1= × IS = × 4.098 = 1.788 mA
𝑅1 3.3

𝑅𝑇 1.44
IR2= × IS = × 4.098 = 1.256 mA
𝑅2 4.7

𝑅𝑇 1.44
IR3= × IS = × 4.098 = 1.054 mA
𝑅3 5.6

Error:
|(4.098 – 4.098)|
Error for IS = % = 0%
4.098
|(1.788 – 1.788)|
Error for IR1 = % = 0%
1.788
|(1.256 – 1.256)|
Error for IR2 = % = 0%
1.256
|(1.054 – 1.054)|
Error for IR3 = % = 0%
1.054
Answer of question 6: In circuit 1,
R = 1kΩ
R1 = 3.3kΩ
R2 = 4.7kΩ
R3 = 5.6kΩ

In this circuit, R1 , R2 and R3 is in parallel. So,

1 1 1 1
= + +
RT R1 R2 R3
1 1 1 1
Or, = + +
RT 3.3kΩ 4.7kΩ 5.6kΩ
1
Or, =0.694 kΩ
RT
Or, RT = 1.44 kΩ
Now, RT and R is connected in series, So,
Req= RT + R
= (1.44+1) kΩ
= 2.44 kΩ

Answer of question 7: In circuit 2,

E = 12 v
Let,
RT = R5+R6 = 1+1 = 2 kΩ
Now,
Req = [{(RT ∥ R4)+R3} ∥ R2] +R1
= [{(2 ∥ 3.3)+4.7} ∥ 10] +1
= [{(2-1 + 3.3-1)-1+4.7}-1 ∥ 10-1]-1 +1
=4.728 kΩ

𝐸 12
IS= = = 2.538 mA
Req 4.728

IR1 = IS = 2.538 mA
VR1 = IR1=2.538 mA ×1 kΩ = 2.538 v
VR2 = E - VR1 = (12-2.538) v = 9.462 v
 VR2 9.462 v
IR2 = = =946.2×10-3 mA
R2 10 kΩ
IR3= (2.538- 946.2×10-3) mA = 1.592 mA
VR3= IR3R3 = 1.592 mA × 4.7 kΩ = 7.48 v
R5+R6 1+1
IR4 = × IR3 = × 1.592 =600.754× 10-3 mA
R4+(R5+R6) 3.3+(1+1)

VR4 = IR4 × R4 = (600.754× 10-3)mA × 3.3 kΩ = 1.982 v

IR5 = (1.592 - 600.754× 10-3) = 991.245× 10-3 mA
VR5 = IR5×R5 = 991.245× 10-3 mA × 1 kΩ = 991.245× 10-3 mV
VR6 = (1.982 - 991.245× 10-3) = 990.755× 10-3 mV
𝑉𝑅6 990.755× 10−3
IR6 = = = 990.755× 10-3 mA
𝑅6 1

Discussion:
In this experiment we learned about KCL, Current Divider Rule with Parallel
and Ladder Circuit. We’ve learned about Kirchhoff’s Current Law which is the algebraic
sum of all currents entering and exiting a node must equal zero. That means Σ IIN = Σ
IOUT. We learned that the total current is shared by the resistors in inverse proportion
to their resistances, this is known as the Current Division Rule. We use this rule in
ladder and parallel circuit. We also did some experiments using this formula and
verified it by using Kirchhoff’s Current Law and Voltage Law.

Experimental readings are computer generated by NI Multisim 14.0

software. So, all of the values are errorless.