Minor Project Final Report on

“E-Pharmacy”

in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree of

Bachelor of Computer Engineering

Submitted By
Sagar Raj Sah [20070308]

Sandesh Kumar Sah [20070309]

Sunil Kumar Yadav [20070316]

Karan Bishwokarma [20070292]

Submitted to
Department of Computer and IT Engineering

Everest Engineering College

Lalitpur-2, Sanepa

October, 2023
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We are extremely grateful and remain indebted to our honorable Mr. Anuj Ghimire
for being a source of inspiration and for his constant support in the Design,
Implementation and Evaluation of the project. We are also thankful to him for his
constant constructive criticism and invaluable suggestions, which benefited us a
lot while developing the project on the “E-Pharmacy System". He is very co-
operative throughout this project work. Through this column, it would be my
utmost pleasure to express my warm thanks to him for his encouragement, co-
operation and consent without which we wouldn't be able to accomplish this
project.

Especially our classmates and team members itself, have made valuable comment
suggestions on this proposal which gave us an inspiration to improve our project.
We thank all the people for their help directly and indirectly.

Sagar Raj Sah

Sandesh Kumar Sah

Sunil Kumar Yadav

Karan Bishwokarma

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 ABSTRACT

The rapid advancement of digital technologies has significantly transformed the

landscape of healthcare services, with the emergence of E-pharmacy representing
a noteworthy innovation. This minor defense presentation aims to investigate the
key aspects of E-pharmacy, shedding light on its significance, operational
processes, challenges, and potential benefits to the healthcare industry.

This presentation seeks to elucidate the role and impact of e-pharmacies in the
contemporary healthcare system. It aims to provide an overview of the
fundamental concepts, challenges, and opportunities associated with e-pharmacy
services.

The research methods employed for this presentation include a comprehensive

review of the existing literature on e-pharmacy, an analysis of regulatory
frameworks, and a survey of e-pharmacy users to gather insights into their
experiences and perceptions.

The results of this investigation reveal that e-pharmacy offers several advantages,
such as convenient access to medications, cost savings, and improved medication
adherence. However, they also face challenges related to legal and ethical issues,
data security, and ensuring the quality of medications dispensed online.

In conclusion, e-pharmacies represent a promising avenue for enhancing

healthcare accessibility and efficiency. Their potential benefits should be
harnessed while addressing the associated challenges. Regulatory bodies,
healthcare providers, and e-pharmacy operators should collaborate to establish
robust standards and practices that prioritize patient safety and satisfaction.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT........................................................................................i
ABSTRACT............................................................................................................ii
LIST OF TABLES...................................................................................................5
Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION.................................................................................1
1.1 Background...............................................................................................1
1.2 Statement of Problem................................................................................2
1.3 Objective...................................................................................................2
1.4 Scope.........................................................................................................3
1.5 Applications...............................................................................................3
1.6 Hardware and Software Requirement.......................................................4
Hardware Requirement..............................................................................................4

Chapter 2: LITERATURE REVIEW.......................................................................6

2.1 Related Works Description 1.........................................................................6
2.2 Related Works Description 2.........................................................................6
2.3 Related Works Description 3.........................................................................6
2.4 Related Works Description 4.........................................................................7
Chapter 3: METHODOLOGY.................................................................................8
3.1 Introduction....................................................................................................8
3.2 Block Diagram...............................................................................................8
3.2.1 Description of Block 1........................................................................................8

3.2.2 Description of Block 2........................................................................................9

3.3 Methodology................................................................................................10
3.3.1 Description of Methodology............................................................................11

3.4 Flowchart.....................................................................................................16
4.1 Results and Analysis....................................................................................18
Chapter 5: Conclusion and Future Enhancement..................................................19
5.1 Conclusion...............................................................................................19
5.2 Future Enhancement....................................................................................19
REFERENCES......................................................................................................20
APPENDIX............................................................................................................21

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LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1.1: Name of Figure..........................................................................page no.

Figure 2.1: Name of Figure..........................................................................page no.
Figure 2.2: Name of Figure..........................................................................page no.

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LIST OF TABLES

Table1.1: Name of Table

Table 2.1: Name of TableTable 2.2: Name of Table

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 Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background

“MEDLIFE” is an online pharmacy that allows customers to purchase and order

prescription and non-prescription medications as well as other related products. It
is a web-based system that helps the pharmacist to improve inventory
management and track orders. It is an interactive application for managing both
stock and billing which helps in maintaining the records of the medicines, the
users and store details. The aim of the application is to apply technology which
supports the pharmacist and the store to reduce the human effort on searching
medicines and billing manually. This system also involves maintaining the
database for entering new medical products and keeping track records of
medicines that have expired. The system is designed to be user friendly and easy
to use.

This project concerned developing an online pharmacy system that will be used to
simplify and manage pharmacy data. The purpose of this project is to manage all
the data derived for a pharmacy to maintain the business through the system rather
than recording their data manually. It is the most powerful tool that helps to solve
the unnecessary problems of returns of medicines, expired medicines, faulty
devices. This system is a modern solution that has the potential to improve
healthcare accessibility for patients. It provides access to medication, reduces
waiting times, and enables patients to access healthcare services at any time.
Technology plays a crucial role in the success of online pharmacy by providing
personalized healthcare services and ensuring the safety and quality of
medication.

However, the changing pattern of buying the medicines from online, this system
will help hospitals, clinics, and other medical ward to distribute the required
medicines online and saves lot of time because the different medical houses can
also order the required quantity of products from the system.

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It also has the facility to upload the prescription which makes it easy for the
patient as pharmacist to buy and sell the legal medicine which are not for sell
without prescription. This web application also generates the invoice for each
purchase which is made by the customer.

1.2 Statement of Problem

The main problems of online pharmacy system are different prices for specific
medicines or other medical products. Some online pharmacy sites even have the
same kind of issue. Shortage of medicines is also one of the major problems.
According to The Kathmandu Post, “Ram Shah”, a resident of Baneshwor in
Kathmandu Metropolitan City-33, visited numerous pharmacies in his area
looking for paracetamol, as he suffered from severe body ache due to dengue
infection. He, however, could not find the medicine in any of the drug stores”. [1]

Pharmacy has kept paper records in filing cabinets. Managing a very large
pharmacy with records on paper will be tedious and difficult to keep track of
inventories with regards to the drugs in the store, quality of drugs available. The
pharmacist has to order the drugs to replenish the already diminishing stock. In
addition, ordering of drugs is being carried out manually. A significant amount of
time is allocated for writing the order as the pharmacist needs to go through the
stock balance and make a rough estimation of the amount of order based on
figure.

1.3 Objective

The system will give remedies for the problems that are currently being faced by
the users bound to it. The main objectives of “MEDLIFE” project are as follow:

• To facilitate customers to view the medical products such as medicines,

supplements, devices before ordering.

•To provide prescription and non-prescription medicines to system users from

registered companies.

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• To organize the stocks of inventory through admin dashboard with easy
interface.

1.4 Scope

In this system have some scope /benefit those are,

• By using this system, we can easily generate reports of possible available

medicine price and details print out.

• In manual system it is very hard to find medicine and identify the medicine,
but in this system, it is easy to find and identify the medicine. Thus, this
system saves time.

• To change or update anything an administrative id and password is needed,

which provides the user better security.

• The user interface is very friendly, easy to use for anybody who has just a
basic knowledge of computers.

1.5 Applications

•Attract more customers: - Being online puts people on the platforms where
people are searching and researching medicines. People have become used to
ordering things online and getting the convenience of receiving things on their
doorsteps. By going online, we would be able to capture those leads and earn
more profit from online sales. Also, if you have a retail store, it will allow us
to be more than just a next-door drug store, as it increases our reach several
folds.

•Expand business: -When it comes to a retail store, the customer experience

is not a factor to consider. But when we go online, a good customer
experience would help you earn higher ratings and good reviews which in turn
churns lead generation. Business expansion becomes easy when you are able
to serve your customers with what they are looking for, and in this case, it is
not just medicine. Faster delivery, secure packaging, faster customer service,

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regular reminders, regular offers, discounts on drugs – the list is extensive,
you can do a lot more to enhance your customer experience and get benefited
through the word of mouth.

•Boosts revenue: - Being a physical retail store means restricting yourself to

the people that are living in the area or the people passing by. But the reach
for an on-demand medicine delivery business is limitless. You can be a global
service provider and having said that, you can see your revenue going only
higher over time.

1.6 Hardware and Software Requirement

Hardware Requirement

•Processors: Minimum 1 GHz; Recommended 2GHz or more

•Ethernet connection (LAN) OR a wireless adapter (Wi-Fi)

•Hard Drive: Minimum 32 GB; Recommended 64 GB or more

•Memory (RAM): Minimum 1 GB; Recommended 4 GB or above

Software Requirements

Front end

1. HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language)

In the Online Pharmacy System, HTML will be used for creating different
webpages and sites. It is used to create and structure sections, headings, links,
paragraphs using various tags and elements. We also define headers, paragraphs,
links, and images of the system.

2. CSS (Cascading Style Sheet)

In Online Pharmacy System. CSS will be used for designing different tags of
html. It is also used to design different components with the help of class and id.
Different CSS are used such as inline CSS, internal CSS, and external CSS to
design this system. It will be used for defining the styles for web pages. By using
CSS, we can control the text color, font style, the spacing between paragraphs,
sizing of columns, layout designs, and many more.

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3. JavaScript

In Online Pharmacy System. JavaScript will be used for client-side validation and
to make dynamic, interactive, and responsive web pages. It is used to add
functionality to the webpage and add special effects to different webpages.

Backend

1. PHP (Hypertext Preprocessor)

In the Online Pharmacy System, PHP will be used for the backend purpose and for
making dynamic web pages. It is used for server-side scripting purposes to add
connectivity to the database and also used to encrypt the data, validate the user
data, confirm user to go to certain pages, login pages. It also includes adding,
updating, and deleting the data from the database.

Database

1. MySQL

MySQL is used for storing all the information required to the database in Online
Pharmacy System. It will be used for performing CRUD operation such as create,
delete, and update data from the database.

Server

1. Apache Server in Online Pharmacy System. Apache Server will be used to run
PHP files and create fast and dynamic web pages.

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 Chapter 2: LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Related Works Description 1

A pharmacist is a medical professional who dispenses medicine to patients

according to a prescription ordered by a physician or other clinician. Pharmacists
have an in-depth knowledge of the chemistry of various medicines and how they
react in humans. Pharmacists must accurately measure and package medicine,
ensuring its dosage and safety to be administered properly to a patient. While the
pharmacist does not typically select or prescribe the medication, the pharmacist
educates the patient on how to take the medication and what reactions or problems
to be avoided. As medication experts, pharmacists are concerned with
safeguarding the public's health in matters relating to medication distribution al
use and disease state management. Pharmacists play a vital role in improving
patient care through the medicine and information they provide.

2.2 Related Works Description 2

The future of pharmacy: -Technological options available to pharmacies today are

as numerous as they are convenient. As the healthcare system becomes more
digital, the most exciting thing is that pharmacists will have the potential to
become more connected to patients and have more time for patient- centered
activities.

2.3 Related Works Description 3

Categories of Some of the technologies in the future are:

1. Resources for clinical decision support.

2. Error prevention and quality assurance.

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3. Advances in bar-coding and even radio-frequency identification technology will
help pharmacists verify the appropriate use of medications.

4.Delivery service support, using GPS-driven telecommunication system for

routing tracking, order status, and oversight.

5.Pharmacy surveillance and security systems, which will create a greater level of
security for pharmacies even when pharmacists are off-site.

2.4 Related Works Description 4

Benefits of the Proposed System

The proposed system would be designed to help make the rigorous activities
carried out in a pharmacy much easier by providing the statistics of drugs in stock,
monitoring drug movement in the pharmacy and ensuring effective policing of the
activities in the pharmacy.

The new system will be designed to provide the following benefits in the interest
of the pharmacy.

1. The system would enhance management services and improve productivity.

2. The system would enhance the User/System interface.

3. The system would be cost effective.

4. The system would improve information quality and accessibility.

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 Chapter 3: METHODOLOGY

3.1 Introduction

The successful development and implementation of our e-pharmacy project rested

upon a carefully orchestrated methodology that encompassed various stages,
strategies, and tools. This section provides a comprehensive overview of the
methodology employed in the creation of our innovative e-pharmacy platform,
underscoring the systematic approach taken to address the project's objectives.

Before delving into the methodology, it is essential to reiterate the primary

objectives of our e-pharmacy project, which guided our methodological choices.
Our project sought to:

1. Create an intuitive and user-friendly e-pharmacy platform.

2. Ensure robust security measures for data protection and financial
transactions.
3. Incorporate features for prescription management and drug information.
4. Evaluate the platform's usability and effectiveness through user testing.
5. Methodological Framework:

3.2 Block Diagram

3.2.1 Description of Block 1

The diagram shows how the data flows and how the data communicate with each
other to run the system in an organized manner.

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In Context diagram, the customers can sign up if the user is new otherwise, they
can directly login. Every action gets the response in this diagram. Customers can
also request for order of the products and get the response from the system about
their order. Similarly, Admin can login, system give the request for the approval
for the order and admin response the system. The system's data flow in such type
in context diagram.

3.2.2 Description of Block 2

For ER-Diagram

In entity-relationship diagram, there are several entities name as login, user,

product, inventory, and stock. All entities have their own attributes. The
relationship between all the entities are mention with their cardinality.

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3.3 Methodology

Online Pharmacy systems will be designed with a series of processes starting with
requirement analysis, design, implementation, testing and maintenance. During
requirement analysis, all the functional and non-functional requirements will be
analyzed, and the system will be developed according to the requirement then
designing the system will be carried out. After the design process, the coding and
development part will start then after integrating the system there is the testing of
the system. If the testing will positive, then the system will be implemented
otherwise some maintenance will do and the system will come into operation. [2]

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 Fig: - waterfall Methodology of E-pharmacy System

3.3.1 Description of Methodology

a.Requirement Identification: -The requirements are to be identified before
starting the project’s development life cycle. To design and develop the system,
the functional, non-functional, study of existing system, requirement collection of
the system, will be study.

•Study of existing system: -There are many similar systems like our Online
Pharmacy System like E-Pharma, Chemist Nepal, MedEasy. Hamro Pharma in
Nepal. In context to our country online pharmacies are regulated by the
Department of Drug Administration (DDA). The DDA requires online pharmacies
to register with them and follow specific guidelines to ensure the safety and
authenticity of drugs sold online. As of 2021, there were approximately 15
registered online pharmacies in Nepal which show that the scope of this system
will be in more demand in future. [3]

There are many other online pharmacies stores which sales the prescribed
medicines without any prescription from a doctor which shows that there are some
problems in the existing system. According to CIJ Nepal, a resident of Anamnagar
in Kathmandu, ordered four antibiotic medicines from an online pharmacy. The

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medicines Clavam, Ofloxacin. Levofloxacin, and Azithromycin were delivered to
his address shortly after he ordered them. He did not face any questions from
online pharmacy while ordering and receiving the medicines. Nor was any
doctor's prescription required. The four antibiotics he received through a home
delivery service cannot be taken without a doctor's prescription and advice. [4]

No person shall sell or distribute such drugs without prescription of a doctor as

categorized not to be sold or distributed without such prescription according to
Sub- section (1). The pharmacist or pharmacy assistant or professional person
himself shall sell or distribute such drugs on prescription of a doctor, and the
presence of a pharmacist or pharmacy assistant or professional person shall be
compulsory where a person other than the doctor, pharmacy assistant or
professional person sells or distributes such drugs. This means that it is illegal to
sell medicines without a prescription if they are classified to be sold only with a
doctor's prescription. However, in clear violation of the legal provision, online
pharmacy delivered the antibiotics without asking a question or requiring a
doctor’s prescription.[5]

• Requirement Collection: -The main requirements for our system are functional
and non-functional. These two portions show the functionality of the system for
both customers and admin.

›Functional Requirement: -Different functional requirement of the system have

been identified and are listed as below:

For Customers:

•The system should provide an interface for customers to view and search the
products.

•The system should provide login and signup page for orders.

•The system should allow registered users to order medicines, supplements, and
devices.

•The system should allow us to add the desired products to the carts.

For Admin:

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•The system must only allow admin with valid id and password to enter the
system

•The system should allow admin to add and manage inventory.

•The system should allow admin to manage the orders of the customers.

•The system should allow us to view the prescription of the medicines uploaded
by the customers.

›Non-Functional Requirements: - Different non-functional requirements have

been studied and identified and are listed as below.

Usability Requirement

The system shall allow the users to access the system from the Internet using
HTML or its derivative technologies like XML/CSS. The system uses a web
browser as an interface. Since all users are familiar with the general usage of
browsers, no special training is required. The system is user friendly and online
help makes using the system easy.

Availability Requirement

The system is available 100% for the user and is used 24 hours a day and 365 days
a year. The system shall be operational 24 hours a day and 7 days a week.

Accuracy

The system should accurately provide real-time information taking into

consideration various concurrency issues.

Performance Requirement

The information is refreshed at regular intervals depending upon whether some

updates have occurred or not. The system shall respond to the member in not less
than two seconds from the time of the request submittal. The system shall allow us
to take more time when doing large processing jobs. Responses to view
information shall take no longer than 5 seconds to appear on the screen.

Reliability Requirement

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The system must be 100% reliable due to the importance of data and the damage
that can because by incorrect or incomplete data.

Security Requirement

Online Pharmacy system will be secured, and the user information will not be
available to everyone, only those who had created or registered in the system.

Scalability Requirement

The system must be able to handle large number of user orders and inventory
management without slowing down or crashing.

b. Feasibility Study: -A feasibility Study is a test of the system according to its

workability, impact of the organization, ability to meet user needs, and effective
use of the resources. A Feasibility Study is generic in nature and can be applied to
any type of project, be it for systems and software development, acquiring, or any
other project. We can test the system with different types of feasibilities.

1. Technical Feasibility

Technical feasibility determines whether the work for the project can be done with
the existing equipment, software technology and available personnel. Technical
feasibility is concerned with specifying equipment and software that will satisfy
the user requirement. In technical feasibility the following issues are taken into
consideration.

2. Operational Feasibility

The system is easy to operate with the basic knowledge of computer and internet
and well-trained manpower is not necessary. Users can also easily access the
system as it is user friendly in many aspects with good User Interface (UI).

3. Economic Feasibility

The system is economically feasible and cost effective. As all the tools and
resources required are either open source or free. After the completion of the
system the organization didn't need to deploy any new hardware and software as

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the required software and hardware. The existing resources of the system can be
used.

4. Schedule Feasibility

The system is also very feasible in terms of schedule. The particular time period is
divided for each phase, and we will complete the project within the given time
period. Every phase like requirement analysis, design, development, testing.
implementation and documentation have their particular time period and have
cache documentation period.

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 Fig: - Gantt Chart

3.4 Flowchart

The system flow of online Pharmacy System is for and for customers. These
flowcharts show the system reacts from start to end for different parties associated
with this system.

For Admin

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 Fig: - Flowchart for admin E-pharmacy

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For Customer

Chapter 4: Result and Analysis

4.1 Results and Analysis

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 Chapter 5: Conclusion and Future Enhancement

5.1 Conclusion

The different outcome after the completion of E-Pharmacy System is: This system
will be able to provide a seamless interface for the user to view their products,
customer will be able to upload their prescription, add the medicines,
supplements, medical devices to their cart and order it. This system will overcome
the shortage problems of medicines because it will bring out a well-designed
interface for the pharmacist and it will expect that the system will not be having to
change any of the modules because of its latest functionality and specification.

5.2 Future Enhancement

E-pharmacies would also make it easier to keep a track of medication history and
increase the traceability of inventory thus enhancing the regulation of Schedule H
and X drugs. Online pharmacies also increase access to medication and make it
easier to find rare medicines that are not available in traditional stores.

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 REFERENCES

[1] "The Kathmandu Post" Pharmacy Shortage in Dengue Season, 27 Aug 2022.
[Online]. Available: https://kathmandupost.com/health/2022/09/23/stagnant-
paracetamol-price- contributing-to-its-shortage/

[2] "Tutorials Point" Waterfall Methodology, 14 Apr 2019. [Online]. Available:

https://www.tutorialspoint.com/sdle/sdic_waterfall_model.html/

[3] "e-pharmacy" Status of online pharmacy in Nepal, 22 Jan 2020. [Online].

Available: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5242283/

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[4] "www.cijnepal.org.np" Online-Pharmacy-Health-Crisis in the making,
According to Article 17 (2) of the Drugs Act 2035) 1979), 31 Oct 2022. [Online].
Available: https://cijnepal.org.np/online-pharmacy-a-health-crisis-in-the-making/

[5] "DDA" Rules regarding selling prescription medicines. 19 Apr 2017. [Online].
Available: https://www.dda.gov.np/content/mrp-of-medicines/

APPENDIX

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