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ICT research

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IT Module - 1 - Presentation

ICT research

Uploaded by

jape afroze
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© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Information Technology

Online Diploma In Islamic Studies


Taibah Academy
Module - 1

Computer Basics
Module Outline

❖ What is a computer
❖ What is hardware
❖ What is software
❖ What is a computer program
❖ What is an operating system
❖ What is networking
❖ Types of computers
❖ Future of computers
What is a computer
What is a computer

❖ A machine that processes information


❖ Carries out arithmetic or logical operations
❖ It has an information processing cycle
Information Processing Cycle

❖ Input
❖ Processing
❖ Output
❖ Storage/Memory
What is hardware
What is hardware

❖ Physical components of a computer


❖ Can be either internal or external
Common Internal Hardware

❖ Motherboard
❖ Central Processing Unit (CPU)
❖ Random Access Memory (RAM)
❖ Power Supply
❖ Video Card
❖ Hard Disk Drive (HDD)
❖ Solid State Drive (SSD)
Common External Hardware

❖ Monitor
❖ Keyboard
❖ Mouse
❖ Microphone
❖ Speakers
❖ Printers
❖ External Hard Drive
Motherboard

❖ The "backbone" of the PC


❖ It holds all of the parts of a computer together
❖ Popular motherboard manufacturers: ASUS, Intel, Gigabyte
Central Processing Unit (CPU)

❖ Responsible for interpreting and executing commands


❖ Popular CPU manufacturers are: Intel, AMD
CPU Clock Speed

❖ The number of instructions it can process per second


❖ Measured in gigahertz (GHz)
❖ 1Hz of clock speed = process a single instruction per second
❖ 1 GHz = 1 billion Hz
CPU Core

❖ Is a CPU’s processor
❖ A core can work on one task
❖ Multiple cores = faster work
❖ Intel Core i3 vs. i5 vs. i7
Random Access Memory (RAM)

❖ Physical hardware that temporarily stores data


❖ The purpose of RAM is to provide quick read and write access to a storage
device
Hard Disk Drive (HDD)

❖ Largest, data storage hardware device


❖ Mechanical device
❖ Has a read/write head
Solid State Drive (SSD)

❖ A new generation of storage device


❖ Based on flash-based memory
❖ SSDs speed up computers significantly
What is software
What is software

❖ Parts of the computer which do not have a material form


❖ It consists of computer programs
❖ It is divided into system software and application software
What is a computer
program
What is a computer program

❖ A collection of instructions
❖ Can be executed by a computer
❖ Performs one or more tasks
Software

❖ Collection of computer programs, libraries, and related data


Algorithm

❖ Underlying method used for calculation or manipulation of instructions


What is an operating
system
What is an operating system

❖ Is a system software
❖ Manages computer hardware, software resources, and provides common
services
What is networking
What is networking

❖ A group of computers linked to each other


❖ Is mainly of four types
LAN

❖ Local Area Network


❖ A group of computers connected to each other in a small area such as
building, office
PAN

❖ Personal Area Network


❖ A network arranged around an individual person
❖ Personal computers are used to develop the personal area network
MAN

❖ Metropolitan Area Network


❖ A network that covers a larger geographic area
WAN

❖ Wide Area Network


❖ A network that extends over a large geographical area such as countries
Types of computers
By architecture

❖ Analog computer
❖ Digital computer
❖ Hybrid computer
Analog computer

❖ Uses electrical, mechanical quantities


❖ Were widely used in scientific and industrial applications
❖ Started to become obsolete from the 1950s onwards
Analog Computer
Digital Computer

❖ Digital computers were electromechanical


❖ Had a low operating speed
❖ Eventually replaced by much faster all-electric computers
Digital Computer
Hybrid Computer

❖ Had features of both analog and digital computers


❖ The digital component normally serves as the controller
❖ The analog component often serves as a mathematical solver
Hybrid Computer
By Size

❖ Supercomputer
❖ Mainframe computer
❖ Minicomputer
❖ Workstation
❖ Microcontroller
Supercomputer

❖ A computer with a high level of performance


❖ First introduced in the 1960s
❖ Used in quantum mechanics, weather forecasting etc
Supercomputer
Mainframe computer

❖ Computer used primarily for bulk data processing


❖ They are larger and have more processing power then personal computers
Mainframe computer
Minicomputer

❖ Smaller computers that was developed in the mid-1960s


❖ Was sold for much less than a typical mainframe
Minicomputer
Workstation

❖ A special computer designed for technical or scientific applications


❖ Offers higher performance than personal computers
❖ It was known for better CPU, graphics, memory capacity, and multitasking
capability
Workstation
Microcontroller

❖ A small computer on a single metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) integrated


circuit (IC) chip.
❖ Has one or more CPUs
❖ Also has memory and programmable input/output peripherals
Microcontroller
Future of computers
Future of computers

❖ Ongoing research to make computers out of many promising new


technologies
❖ Quantum computing
❖ Artificial Intelligence
Quantum Computing

❖ Use of quantum-mechanical phenomena to perform computation


❖ Quantum computers are believed to be able to solve certain computational
problems faster than traditional computers
Artificial Intelligence

❖ Intelligence demonstrated by machines


❖ Computer programs that can learn and adapt when solving a problem
For more courses
taibahacademy.com

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