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Exp 5

Physics Practical

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10 views

Exp 5

Physics Practical

Uploaded by

silentlyworker463
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Experiment Number: 05

Name of the Experiment:


Verification of Superposition Theorem in DC circuit

Objective:
To Verify principle of Superposition theoretically and practically.

Theory:
In a linear, bilateral network, the response in any element is equal to sum of individual
responses while all other sources are non-operative/ turned off.
Steps for solving network by Superposition Theorem:
Considering the circuit diagram A, let us see the various steps to solve the superposition
theorem:

– Take only one independent source of voltage or current and deactivate the other sources.
– In the circuit diagram B shown above, consider the source E1 and replace the other source E2
by its internal resistance. If its internal resistance is not given, then it is taken as zero and the
source is short-circuited.
– If there is a voltage source than short circuit it and if there is a current source then just open
circuit it.
– Thus, by activating one source and deactivating the other source find the current in each branch
of the network. Taking the above example find the current I1’, I2’and I3’.
– Now consider the other source E2 and replace the source E1 by its internal resistance r1 as
shown in the circuit diagram C.
– Determine the current in various sections, I1’’, I2’’ and I3’’.
– Now to determine the net branch current utilizing the superposition theorem, add the currents
obtained from each individual source for each branch.
– If the current obtained by each branch is in the same direction then add them and if it is in the
opposite direction, subtract them to obtain the net current in each branch.
Circuit Diagrams:

Fig. 5.1: Both Voltage Sources are acting (V1 &V2)

Fig. 5.2: Voltage Source V1 is acting alone

Fig. 5.3: Voltage Source V2 is acting alone

Required Equipments:
1. Multimeter
2. Resistors
3. Bread Board
4. Connecting Wires
5. Power Supply
Procedures:
1. Connect the circuit as shown in figure (5.1) and note down the current flowing through
R3 and let it be I.
2. Connect the circuit as shown in figure (5.2) and note down the ammeter Reading, and let
it be I1.
3. Connect the circuit as shown in figure (5.3) and note down the ammeter reading, and let it
be I2.
4. Verify for I= I1+I2.

Precautions:
1. Check for proper connections before switching ON the supply
2. The terminal of the resistance should be properly connected
3. Follow the lab manual and circuit diagram for using the equipment. Directions in the user
manual provide recommended operating procedures and safety precautions.
4. Never hurry. Haste causes many accidents.
5. Connect the power source last. Disconnect the power source first.
6. Use safety googles if necessary.
7. Notify lab assistant immediately if any injuries or hazard is happened
8. Before connecting the power, check your wiring carefully for agreement with the wiring
diagram for an accidental short-circuit and for loose connections.

Data Table:

When both When When Sum of


Parameters V1 & V2 I1 and I2
V1≠0 & V2=0 V1=0 & V2≠0
(I)
(I1) (I2)
Current through R3
(Theoretical Values)
Current through R3
(Practical Values)

Data analysis:
1. Analyze the obtained data and plot the figures if needed.
2. Compare the simulation results with your experimental data /wave shapes and comment
on the difference (If any).

Results and Discussion:


1. Interpret the data /findings and determine the extent to which the experiment was
successful in complying with the goal that was initially set.
2. Detect the variation between theory and experimental result if any and propose the
ways/procedures to overcome the variations.
3. State the particular steps adopted to overcome the deviations between theory and
experiment.
Conclusion:
Summarize the experiment and discuss whether the objectives were fulfilled or not within a short
paragraph.

Reference:
1. Robert L. Boylestad , “Introductory circuit analysis’’, prentice Hall , 12th Edition ,
Newyork, 2010, ISBN 9780137146666.
2. Charles Alexander and Matthew Sadiku , “Fundamentals of Electric Circuits’’ 6th
Edition ISBN 9780078028229 .

Pre-Lab Viva Questions:


1. State Superposition theorem.
2. How to find power using Superposition theorem?
3. Write applications of super position theorem.

Post Lab Viva Questions:


1. Is it possible to apply Superposition theorem to nonlinear circuit?
2. Is it possible to apply Superposition theorem to ac as well as dc circuit?

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