4

8 The experiment shown is used to test potassium bromide crystals.

lamp

electrodes
beaker

potassium
bromide crystals

The lamp does not light.

Distilled water is then added to the beaker and the lamp lights.

Which statement explains these results?

A Electro ns are free to move in the solution when potassium bromide dissolves.
B Metal ions are free to move when potassium bromide melts.
C Metal ions are free to move when potassium reacts with water.
D Oppositely charged ions are free to move in the solution when potassium bromide dissolves.

9 How many electrons are used in covalent bonding in the N molecule?

A 2 B 4 C 6 D 10

10 Propene, CH3CH=CH2, has a very low boiling point because of the weakness of the

A C–C bond.
B C=C bond.
C C–H bond.
D intermolecular forces.

11 What is the empirical formula of a compound containing 12 g of carbon, 2 g of hydrogen and 16

g of oxygen only?

A CHO B CHO2 C CH2O D C2HO

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12 What is the correct equation for the reaction taking place at the negative electrode when molten
magnesium chloride is electrolysed using inert electrodes?

A Cl – → Cl + e–

B 2Cl – → Cl 2 + 2e–

C Mg+ + e– → Mg

D Mg2+ + 2e– → Mg

13 Which fertiliser contains the greatest percentage by mass of nitrogen?

A (NH4)2HPO4 Mr = 132
B (NH4)2SO4 Mr = 132
C NH4NO3 Mr = 80
D CO(NH2)2 Mr = 60

14 A volume of ethane, C2H6, at r.t.p. has a mass of 20 g.

What is the mass of an equal volume of propene, C3H6, at r.t.p.?

A 20 g B 21 g C 28 g D 42 g

15 Which of these processes are both endothermic?

A combustion, cracking
B combustion, fermentation
C cracking, photosynthesis
D fermentation, photosynthesis

16 Ethanol is produced by the fermentation of glucose from sugar cane. In some countries ethanol is
used as a fuel.

Which statements are correct?

1 Sugar cane is a non-renewable (finite) resource.

2 When sugar cane is growing it removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.

A 1 only
B 2 only
C both 1 and 2
D neither 1 nor 2

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32 Which row is correct for the reaction of the alkene with steam and a catalyst?

alkene product

A CH3CH=CH2 CH3CH(OH)CH3 only

B CH3CH2CH=CH2 CH3CH2CH2CH2OH only
C CH3CH=CHCH3 CH3CH(OH)CH2CH3 only
D (CH3)2C=CH2 (CH3)2CHCH2OH only

33 Why is carbon used in water purification?

A It acts as a filter to remove insoluble solids.

B It desalinates the water.
C It disinfects the water.
D It removes tastes and odours.

34 Which of the statements about the preparation and properties of ammonia is correct?

A Ammonia is formed when ammonium chloride is heated with an acid.

B Ammonia reacts with sodium hydroxide solution to form a salt and water.
C Ammonia reacts with water to form hydrogen ions.
D A solution of ammonia in water has a pH greater than 7.

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35 Which structure represents that of an alloy?

A B

e e e e e
e e + +
+ e + + + e e
e e + e
e e e e
e + +
+ e + + + +
e +
e e e e e e
e e
e + e
e
+ + + e + e + + + key
e e e e
+ , + positive ions
C D – negative ions
e e electrons
+ e + + e + + – + – +
e e e
e – – –
e + +
+ e + + +
ee e e + – + – +
e + + + +
e – + – + –
e e
e

36 Which statement is not correct?

A Carbohydrates, proteins and fats are all natural macromolecules.

B Terylene contains the same linkages as a protein.
C When a carbohydrate is hydrolysed, sugars are formed.
D When a protein is hydrolysed, amino acids are formed.

37 Which statements would be true of the compound which has the formula shown?

O H O

H O C
C C O H

1 It would react with excess aqueous sodium hydroxide in a 1 : 1 molar ratio.

2 In aqueous solution, it would have a pH of 9.5.
3 It would react with an alcohol to form an ester.

A 1 only B 1 and 2 C 2 and 3 D 3 only

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38 When butene reacts with bromine, which compound could be made?

A
B
Br H H H
Br Br H H

H C C C C H
H C C C C H
Br H H H
H H H H

C
D
Br H Br H
Br H H Br
H C C C C H
H C C C C H
H H H H
H H H H

39 Methane is the first member of the alkane series of hydrocarbons. The second member is ethane.

Which statements about ethane are correct?

1 Ethane has the formula C2H4.

2 Ethane has a higher boiling point than that of methane.
3 Ethane has the same molecular formula as methane.
4 Ethane has chemical properties very similar to those of methane.

A 1, 2 and 3 B 1 and 4 C 2 and 4 D 3 only

40 When ethanol reacts with ethanoic acid, the ester ethyl ethanoate is formed.

C2H5OH + CH3CO2H → CH3CO2C2H5 + H2O

What is the formula of the ester formed when methanol reacts with butanoic acid, C3H7CO2H?

A C2H5CO2C2H5
B C3H7CO2C2H5
C CH3CO2C3H7
D C3H7CO2CH3

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B7 The alkanes are a homologous series of hydrocarbons.

(a) Give the name of another homologous series of hydrocarbons.

...............................................................................................................................................[1]

(b) The graph below shows how the melting points of the first nine alkanes vary with the number of
carbon atoms.

–50

melting
point –100
/ °C

–150

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
number of carbon atoms

Describe how the melting points of the alkanes with more than two carbon atoms vary as the number of
carbon atoms increases.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[2]

(c) Nonane is an alkane with nine carbon atoms.

Give the molecular formula for nonane.

...............................................................................................................................................[1]

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(d) One mole of undecane, C11H24, is cracked to form a mixture containing one mole of ethene, one
mole of propene and one mole of another hydrocarbon.

(i) Construct the equation for this reaction.

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(ii) Explain why oil companies crack the longer chain hydrocarbons.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[2]

(e) Hydrogen cyanide, HCN, is manufactured by reacting methane with ammonia and oxygen. 2CH4

+ 2NH3 + 3O2 2HCN + 6H2O

(i) Calculate the mass of hydrogen cyanide that can be formed from 500 g of methane if the
percentage yield of hydrogen cyanide is 65%.

mass = .........................................g [2]

(ii) Hydrogen cyanide reacts with calcium hydroxide to form calcium cyanide and water. The
formula of the cyanide ion is CN–.
Construct the equation for this reaction.

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

[Total: 10]

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B8 The ester, ethyl ethanoate, reacts with hydroxide ions to form ethanoate ions and ethanol.

CH3COOC2H5 + OH– CH3COO– + C2H5OH

ethyl ethanoate ethanoate ions

(a) The graph shows how the concentration of ethanoate ions, CH3COO–, changes as the reaction
proceeds.

0.5

0.4

0.3
concentration of
CH3COO– ions
in mol / dm–3
0.2

0.1

0
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000
time / s

(i) Use the information in the graph to deduce the mass of ethanoate ions in 200 cm3 of solution
when the reaction is complete.

mass = .........................................g [2]

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(ii) Use the information in the graph to calculate the average rate of reaction, in mol / dm3 / s, during
the first 300 seconds.

average rate of reaction..................................................mol / dm3 / s [1]

(iii) Describe and explain, using the kinetic particle theory, the change in the rate of reaction with
time.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[3]

(b) Aqueous sodium hydroxide reacts with aqueous iron(II) sulfate, FeSO4.
Construct the ionic equation, with state symbols, for this reaction.

...............................................................................................................................................[2]

(c) Iron(II) sulfate can be prepared by reacting excess iron powder with sulfuric acid. Describe
the essential practical details to prepare pure dry crystals of iron(II) sulfate.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[2]

[Total: 10]

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6 A student adds a solid to dilute hydrochloric acid. The solid dissolves and bubbles of a gas are evolved.

The solid could be

(a) copper.

(b) copper(II) oxide.

(c) copper(II) hydroxide.

(d) copper(II) carbonate.

[Total: 1]

7 Which two of the following compounds will decolourise bromine water?

A C2H4

B C2H6

C C3H6

D C3H8

(a) A and B

(b) A and C

(c) B and C

(d) B and D
[Total: 1]

8 Which of the pairs, on mixing, does not produce a precipitate?

(a) aqueous barium chloride and aqueous sulfuric acid

(b) aqueous silver nitrate and aqueous hydrochloric acid

(c) aqueous sodium hydroxide and aqueous sulfuric acid

(d) aqueous lead nitrate and aqueous hydrochloric acid

[Total: 1]

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