How Singapore

avoid water shortage ?

Lecturer : Chhoeurt Vansak
Subject: Introduction to Environment
Group 5
1. Lay Lily
2. Kim Sreypin
3. Em Sovannika
4. Men Panharith
5. Kaosorn Sreypich 1
 Quick Review

Managing water resources requires a three-pronged

approach which are :
1. Reduce water consumption
* Pricing water
* Public Education ( Pub water saving kit and WELS )
2. Increase water supply ( Local Water catch, Imported
water, NEWater and Desalination )
3. Conserve through protecting water resources
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 Table of contents

How Singapore avoid water shortage?

1. Imported Water
2. NEWater
3. Desalinated water
4. Conserve through protecting water resources
5. Conclusion
6. Q&A
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 1. Imported Water

What is imported water ?

=>Imported water is the act or

process whereby water is brought
into an area or region which
would not naturally receive such
waters.
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 Why does Singapore imported water?

In 1927,Singapore signed its first agreement with

Johor to imported water.

How to import water from Malaysia to Singapore ?

=> Pipeline were built to transport water from

Johor to Singapore .

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What is pipelines ?

Pipelines is a long cycling drical

structure or system of pipes that
used to transported liquids,gases
or other substance from one
location to another .

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 What are the advantages and disadvantages of imported
water?
‘‘Advantages ’’ ‘‘Disadvantages ’’
● Imported water does not ● Imported water may not be
require land. enough to meet water
● Imported water is cheaper demands.
source of water compared ● Water agreement eventually
to desalinate water or expire and there are no
Newater. guarantees of future
agreement. 8
 2. NEWater

What is NEWater?

=> NEWater is referring to water that is

already been used more than once
and undergo the process of treatment
to be able to used again for more purpose.

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 How to make NEWater ?

There are four step to make NEWater

> Conventional water treatment
> Microfiltration
> Reverse osmosis
> Ultraviolet (UV) disinfection
>>Conventional water treatment
Conventional water treatment is the process of used water
undergoing through the process of removing all substance,chemicals
or physical that can be harmful to the water that people used. 10
How to make NEWater ?
>>Microfiltration
Microfiltration is a pressure-driven separation process
which is widely used in concentrating, purifying or to
separating any bacteria that is in any liquids.

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Membrane Filtration Inside of the membrane Filtration
 How to make NEWater ?
>>Reverse osmosis

● Osmosis is a movement of water through a semi-permeable

membrane from a less concentrated solution to more concentrated
one.
● Reverse osmosis, is referring to pressure applied, causing water
to flow from the concentrating side to the less concentrating side
through the membrane instead.

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Reverse osmosis

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 How to make NEWater ?

>>Ultraviolet (UV) disinfection

What is Ultraviolation?
=> Ultraviolation is the process of exposing
living organisms to ultraviolet light.

● Expose ( v ) to put someone at risk from something harmful

or unpleasant.
● Organisms ( n ) a single living plant, animal, virus, etc.
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 How to make NEWater ?
>>Ultraviolet (UV) disinfection
There are four step in Ultraviolet (UV) disinfection
1. UV light disinfection: refers to water is being exposed to
enough UV light to disinfected micro-organisms.
2. UV radiation: Is to control flow rate to make sure all water is expose
for enough time.
3. UV sensor: Is to monitor how much UV light is passing through the
water
4. Monitoring: To make sure the UV sensor is detecting UV intensity
through the water. 15
How does ultraviolation work?

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The process of NEWater

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 What are the advantages and disadvantages of NEWater?

‘‘ Advantages ’’ ‘‘ Disadvantages ’’
● NEWater doesn’t depends on ● NEWater is expensive to
rainfall produce
● NEWater is ultra-pure and ● The public may find it difficult
high of quality to accept this newtechnology
● Environment Friendly of obtaining used water
● Will not be threaten of water ● The process is complicated
issue
● Reusable water supplies
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 3. Desalinated water

>>Seawater has become another source of drinking

water because of technology that removes the salt
in the water.

** What is Desalination?
=> Desalination refers to the process of removing
dissolved salts and other minerals from water.
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 Why is desalination is attractive and popular in
Singapore?

=> Desalination is attractive since Singapore is an island

and is surrounded by a limitless supply of seawater.

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SingSpring Desalination Plant Tuas South Desalination Plant
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Tuas desalination Plant Keppel Marina East Desalination Plant23
 What are the advantages and disadvantages of desalinated
water?
‘‘ Advantage ’’ ‘‘ Disadvantage ’’

● Like NEWater, desalinated ● Desalinated water is very

water is independent of expensive to produce as its
rainfall and can be used to production is energy intensive.
● Large amount of chemicals and
supplement water supply
salt solutions are produced
during a long dry spell.
during the process. If they are
improperly disposed of into the
oceans. It may result in
pollution.
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 4. Conserve through protecting water resources
“Protection of water resources”
● To manage water resources in Singapore, Singaporeans have a
part to play in conserving water and keeping waterways clean.
How? —> Protection of water resources ( water conservation).
What is water conservation?
—> Water conservation refers to preservation of water and its
resources through careful planning, control, development, and
management of resources.
Why?—> To avoid water scarcity.
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Here are the reasons behind this scarcity:

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 How can we conserve water in Singapore?

1. Engaging the community (ABC waters programme)

-In 2006, PUB launched the Active, Beautiful, Clean Water
programme (ABC Waters) to promote the enjoyment of
Singapore’s Waters.

#Note: PUB stands for Public Utilities Board

Why?—> to bring people closer to water so that they can

appreciate and cherish this precious resource. 27
1. Engaging the community (ABC waters programme)

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 1. Engaging the community (ABC waters programme)

-PUB also opened selected reservoirs and rivers for

recreational activities.
Examples: are padding on a kayak or a dragon boat, rowing,
sailing and cycling.

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#Sengkang floating wetland

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 2. Recognition and Volunteerism

-PUB created an outreach programme called

“ Friends of waters” >> it aims to recognize, inspire,

and encourage the public to care for our waterway.

-People, students, any organisation can be a “Friend of

water” by volunteering.

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#Students learning trail

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#PUB’s mascot + Television show “ABC water”

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 What are the advantages and disadvantages of protecting
our resources to manage our water resources?

“Advantages” “Disadvantages”

-Protecting waterways is a -Dependent on effective public

cost-effective method to ensure education.
clean water.
-Dependent on the cooperation
-Maintaining a healthy life, of everybody.
healthy environment.

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 Quick recaps

1. Imported water: Singapore imports water from Johor, Malaysia.

(Agreement 1927 - 2061)
2. NEWater: is the process of used water undergo treatment and can
be use again for many purposes.
> Conventional water treatment: is the process of removing substances
or chemicals that are harmful to water that people use.
> Microfiltration: is the process of separating bacteria from the water.
> Reverse osmosis: is the process that use to separate dissolved
solutes form the water. 35
 Quick recaps

> Ultraviolet (UV) disinfection: is the process of removing

microbiological contamination/micro-organism from water.
3. Desalination: the process of removing salts from seawater so it can
be use for public consumption. ( seawater → fresh water )
4. Conserve through protecting water resources: it focuses on
preventing pollution of the water supplies.

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 References

1. [Link] ( picture on page 16 )

2. [Link] ( picture on page 10 )
3. [Link] ( picture on page 10 )
4. [Link] ( picture on page 12 )
5. [Link]
( picture on page 15 )

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