I/O Streams-

Introduction

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Agenda

Introduction to I/O Streams

2 Predefined I/O Streams

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Objectives
At the end of this module, you will be able to:

 Understand I/O Streams and its categories

 Understand about predefined I/O Streams

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I/O Streams

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I/O Streams

• Java programs perform I/O through streams. A stream is:

– an abstraction that either produces or consumes information
– linked to a physical device by the Java I/O system
• All streams behave similarly, even if the actual physical devices to which they are linked
differ.

• Thus the same I/O classes can be applied to any kind of

device as they abstract the difference between different I/O devices.

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I/O Streams (Contd.).
• Java’s stream classes are defined in the java.io package.
• Java 2 defines two types of streams:
– byte streams
– character streams
• Byte streams:
– provide a convenient means for handling input and output of bytes
– are used for reading or writing binary data
• Character streams:
– provide a convenient means for handling input and output of characters
– use Unicode, and, therefore, can be internationalized

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The Predefined Streams
• System class of the java.lang package contains three predefined stream variables, in, out
and err.
• These variables are declared as public and static within System:
– System.out refers to the standard output stream which is the console.
– System.in refers to standard input, which is the keyboard by default.
– System.err refers to the standard error stream, which also is the console by default.

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Difference between System.out and System.err
• System.out sends the output to the standard output stream, which is console by default.
• System.err sends the output to the standard error stream, which also happens to be
console by default

• The reason behind having two separate streams for output and error is that the standard o
utput should be used for regular program outputs while standard
error should be used for error messages.

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System.out and System.err (Contd.).
• Both these streams can be redirected to different destinations.
• We can redirect the program output to a particular log file and the error messages to another
log file by using the following syntax :

java StreamDemo > output.log 2>error.log

(where StreamDemo is the name of the class)
During execution, the program output will be stored in output.log while the error message(if
any) will be stored in error.log

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Demonstration of System.out and System.err
class StreamDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
System.out.print("Writing program output to the output file ");
int i=0;
int z=100/i;
}
catch(Exception e) {
System.err.print("ArithmeticException has occured");
}
}
}

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System Properties
• System Properties provide information about local system configuration.
• When the Java Virtual Machine starts, it inserts local System Properties into a System
properties list.

• We can use methods defined in System class to

access or change the values of these properties.

public static Properties getProperties()

public static String getProperty(String key)

public static void setProperties(Properties prp)

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System Properties(contd.).
Some of the Important Properties are listed below :

Key Description of Associated Value

java.version Java Runtime Environment version
java.home Java installation directory
java.class.path Java class path
os.name Operating system name
user.name User's account name
user.home User's home directory
user.dir User's current working directory

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System.getProperties()

public static Properties getProperties()

The System.getProperties() method returns an object of the type Properties.

You can use this method to list all the System Properties.

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Demo of System.getProperties() method
import java.util.*;
class GetPropertiesDemo {
public static void main(String [] args) {
Properties x = System.getProperties();
x.list(System.out);
}
}

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System.getProperty (String Key)

public static String getProperty(String key)

You can also use System.getProperty(String Key) method to get the value of a particular
property represented with a key.

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System.getProperty (String Key) - Demo
class GetPropertyDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String user_home= System.getProperty("user.home");
String java_version = System.getProperty("java.version");
String java_home = System.getProperty("java.home");
String class_path = System.getProperty("java.class.path");
String os_name = System.getProperty("os.name");
String user_name = System.getProperty("user.name");
String user_dir = System.getProperty("user.dir");
System.out.println("The user home directory is "+user_home);
System.out.println("The java version is "+java_version);
System.out.println("The Java Home directory is "+java_home);
System.out.println("The class path is set to "+class_path);
System.out.println("The Operating System is "+os_name);
System.out.println("The user name is "+user_name);
System.out.println("The working directory is "+user_dir);
}
}
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System.getProperty (String Key) - Demo
Output:
The user home directory is C:\Users\harb
The java version is 1.6.0_05
The Java Home directory is D:\Program Files\java1.6\jdk1.6.0_05\jre
The class path is set to .;E:\app\harb\product\11.1.0\db_1\oui\jlib\classes12.jar;E:\Training\PR
P2012JAVA\Excel to Java\jxl-2.6.9.jar;
The Operating System is Windows Vista
The user name is harb
The working directory is D:\Java\day10\io

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System.setProperties()

public static void setProperties(Properties prp)

The System.setProperties(Properties prp) method sets the system properties to the Properti
es argument.

You can use this method to change the system properties as per your requirement.

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System.setProperties() - Demo
import java.util.*;
public class SystemPropertiesDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.print("Previous value of Java Home : ");
System.out.println(System.getProperty("java.home"));

Properties p = System.getProperties();
p.put("java.home", "D:\\Program Files\\java1.5\\jdk1.5.0_02");
System.setProperties(p);

System.out.print("New value of Java Home : ");

System.out.println(System.getProperty("java.home"));
} The above code when executed, prints :
} Previous value of Java Home : D:\Program Files\java1.6\jdk1.6.0_05\jre
New value of Java Home : D:\Program Files\java1.5\jdk1.5.0_02
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I/O Streams hierarchy
Abstract Byte Streams Abstract
c lass class

InputStream OutputStream

BufferedInputStre BufferedOutputStrea
am m
FileInputStre ObjectInputStrea FileOutputStrea ObjectOutputStre
am m m am

Many More InputStream clas Many More OutputStream clas

ses ses
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I/O Streams hierarchy (Contd.).
Character Streams
Abstrac Abstract
t class class
Reader Writer

BufferedRea BufferedWrit
der er
FileRead InputStreamRea FileWriter OutputStreamWrit
er der er

Many More Reader classes Many More Writer classes

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Byte Stream classes

BufferedInputStream
BufferedOutputStrea To read & write data into buffer
m

FileInputStream
To read & write data into file
FIleOutputStream

ObjectInputStream
ObjectOutputStrea
To read & write object into
m secondary device (serialization
)

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Character Stream classes

BufferedReader
To read & write data into buffer
BufferedWriter

FileReader
To read & write data into file
FIleWriter

InputStreamReade
r Bridge from character stream
OutputStreamWrit to byte stream
er

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Match the following
• Match the streams with the appropriate phrases in column B

Column A Column B

1. FileWriter Byte stream for reading from file

2. FileInputStream Character stream for reading from file

3. FileOutputStream Character stream for writing to a file

4. FileReader Byte stream for writing to a file

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Quiz
1. Java input output classes are available in ___________package
a. java.lang
b. java.io
c. java.util

2. What are the inbuilt streams available in java.io package

a. System.in
b. System.out
c. System.err
d. All of the above
3. Can data flow through a given stream in both directions?
a. Yes
b. No
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Summary
 Introduction to I/O Streams
 Predefined I/O Streams

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 Thank You

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